{"work":{"slug":"kierkegaard","title":{"source":"Frygt og Bæven","translated":"Fear and Trembling"},"author":"Søren Kierkegaard","language":"Danish","languageCode":"da","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/kierkegaard"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"problema-i","title":{"source":"Problema I","translated":"Problema I"},"section":"Problemata","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/kierkegaard/problema-i","lines":172},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/kierkegaard/forelobig-expectoration","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/kierkegaard/problema-ii","license":"Source text: public domain (Søren Kierkegaard, d. 1855; first published 1843, under the pseudonym Johannes de silentio). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: minimal seed excerpt; the 1843 Danish should be verified against Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter (SKS) before shipping, and full content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"problema-i-s1","source":"Gives der en teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske?","translation":"Is there a teleological suspension of the ethical?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske","title":"«teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske» — teleological suspension of the ethical","body":"The title-question of Problema I and one of Kierkegaard's most famous coinages. «teleologisk» (from Greek télos, end/goal) means 'for the sake of a higher end'; «Suspension» = a setting-aside or holding in abeyance. The phrase asks whether the ethical («det Ethiske») can be set aside for a higher purpose. Period spelling «Ethiske» (modern «etiske») and the capitalized noun «Suspension»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gives","lemma":"give","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb, expletive","role":"expletive subject of Gives","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Suspension","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"teleologisk","lemma":"teleologisk","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Suspension","gloss":"teleological"},{"surface":"Suspension","lemma":"Suspension","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"notional subject of Gives","gloss":"suspension"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Suspension","gloss":"ethical"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"problema-i-s2","source":"Det Ethiske er som saadant det Almene, og som det Almene Det, der er gjældende for Enhver, hvilket fra en anden Side lader sig udtrykke saaledes, at det er gjældende i ethvert Øieblik.","translation":"The ethical as such is the universal, and as the universal that which is valid for everyone, which from another side can be expressed by saying that it is valid at every moment.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det Almene","title":"«det Almene» — the universal","body":"«det Almene» = the universal, the general — the term (echoing Hegel) for what holds for everyone and at all times. It is the keyword of Problema I: the ethical IS the universal, and faith will be defined against it as «Paradoxet», the single individual standing higher than the universal. Period orthography: «saadant» (modern «sådant»), «gjældende» (with «gj», modern «gældende»), «Øieblik» (modern «øjeblik»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Almene","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces saadant","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"saadant","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Ethiske","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of som","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er, coordinated with Almene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of er (relative)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gjældende","lemma":"gjældende","morphology":"adjective, present participle","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"valid"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enhver","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of er","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Side","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Side","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"anden","lemma":"anden","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Side","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Side","lemma":"Side","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lader","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Det","gloss":"can be"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"udtrykke","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykke","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjældende","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gjældende","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gjældende","lemma":"gjældende","morphology":"adjective, present participle","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"valid"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"ethvert","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øieblik","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"Øieblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjældende","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"problema-i-s3","source":"Det hviler immanent i sig selv, har Intet udenfor sig, der er dets 7s4oc, men er selv tsåoc for Alt, hvad det har udenfor sig, og naar det Ethiske har optaget dette i sig, da kommer det ikke videre.","translation":"It rests immanently in itself, has nothing outside itself that is its télos, but is itself télos for everything it has outside itself, and once the ethical has taken this up into itself, it goes no further.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"7s4oc / tsåoc","title":"«7s4oc», «tsåoc» — garbled Greek τέλος (télos)","body":"These mangled strings are the Greek word τέλος (télos, 'end / goal / purpose') as it survived OCR of the old printed edition, where the Greek type was misread. The argument is that the ethical is its own télos: it points beyond itself to nothing. Read every such string in this section as τέλος. Note «immanent» — the ethical 'rests immanently in itself,' a deliberately Hegelian formulation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hviler","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"hviler","lemma":"hvile","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"rests"},{"surface":"immanent","lemma":"immanent","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hviler","gloss":"immanently"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of hviler","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Intet","lemma":"intet","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"udenfor","lemma":"udenfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"object of udenfor","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Intet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dets","lemma":"dets","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 7s4oc","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"7s4oc","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"télos","note":"OCR-garbled Greek τέλος (telos) — Kierkegaard's word for 'end' or 'purpose,' printed in Greek type in the original."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tsåoc","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies Det","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"tsåoc","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"télos","note":"OCR-garbled Greek τέλος (telos) again — same word as above."},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"object of for","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Alt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"udenfor","lemma":"udenfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"object of udenfor","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of optaget","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of optaget","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of optaget","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"optaget","lemma":"optage","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"depends on har","gloss":"taken up"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of optaget","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of optaget","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the da-clause","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"videre","lemma":"videre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"further"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"problema-i-s4","source":"Umiddelbar sandselig og sjælelig bestemmet er den Enkelte den Enkelte, der i det Almene har sit 7sAog, og dette er hans ethiske Opgave, bestandig at udtrykke sig selv i dette, at ophæve sin Enkelthed for at blive det Almene.","translation":"Immediately determined as a sensuous and psychical being, the single individual is the single individual who has his télos in the universal, and this is his ethical task: constantly to express himself in it, to annul his singularity so as to become the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Enkelte","title":"«den Enkelte» — the single individual","body":"«den Enkelte» = the single individual, the lone particular person — the great counter-term to «det Almene». Kierkegaard later made it his signature category (he asked that it be carved on his grave). The ethical demands that the individual «ophæve sin Enkelthed» — annul his singularity (note «ophæve», the Danish for Hegel's Aufheben) — to dissolve into the universal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Umiddelbar","lemma":"umiddelbar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bestemmet","gloss":"immediately"},{"surface":"sandselig","lemma":"sandselig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bestemmet","gloss":"sensuous"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sjælelig","lemma":"sjælelig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sandselig","gloss":"psychical"},{"surface":"bestemmet","lemma":"bestemme","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"modifies Enkelte","gloss":"determined"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Enkelte","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Enkelte","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of 7sAog","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"7sAog","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"télos","note":"OCR-garbled Greek τέλος (telos) — same word Kierkegaard uses earlier in this Problema."},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Opgave","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Opgave","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Opgave","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"Opgave","lemma":"Opgave","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"bestandig","lemma":"bestandig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykke","gloss":"constantly"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of udtrykke","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"udtrykke","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"in apposition to Opgave","gloss":"express"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of udtrykke","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dette","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of udtrykke","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ophæve","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ophæve","lemma":"ophæve","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with udtrykke","gloss":"annul"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Enkelthed","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Enkelthed","lemma":"Enkelthed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ophæve","gloss":"singularity"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of blive","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of blive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ophæve","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of blive","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"problema-i-s5","source":"Saasnart den Enkelte vil gjøre sig gjældende i sin Enkelthed ligeoverfor det Almene, da synder han, og kan kun ved at anerkjende dette atter forsone sig med det Almene.","translation":"As soon as the single individual wants to assert himself in his singularity over against the universal, he sins, and only by acknowledging this can he be reconciled again with the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da synder han","title":"«Saasnart … da» — verb-second inversion","body":"After the fronted subordinate clause «Saasnart den Enkelte vil gjøre sig gjældende …», the main clause inverts to verb-then-subject: «da synder han» (then sins he). Danish keeps the finite verb in second position, so the resumptive «da» (then) is followed immediately by the verb. Period spelling: «Saasnart» (modern «Så snart»), «gjøre» (modern «gøre»), «anerkjende» (with «kj», modern «anerkende»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Saasnart","lemma":"saasnart","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of gjøre","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjøre","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"gjældende","lemma":"gjældende","morphology":"adjective, present participle","role":"predicate complement of gjøre","gloss":"felt","note":"Idiom: 'gøre sig gældende' = to assert oneself, make one's presence felt."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelthed","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Enkelthed","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Enkelthed","lemma":"Enkelthed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjøre","gloss":"singularity"},{"surface":"ligeoverfor","lemma":"ligeoverfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"over against"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjøre","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies synder","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"synder","lemma":"synde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the da-clause","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of synder","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forsone","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ved","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of anerkjende","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of anerkjende","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"anerkjende","lemma":"anerkjende","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ved","gloss":"acknowledging"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"dette","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of anerkjende","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"atter","lemma":"atter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forsone","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"forsone","lemma":"forsone","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kan","gloss":"be reconciled"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of forsone","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of forsone","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"problema-i-s6","source":"Hver Gang den Enkelte, efterat have været traadt ind i det Almene, føler en Tilskyndelse til at gjøre sig gjældende som den Enkelte, da er han i Anfægtelse, af hvilken han kun arbeider sig ud, ved angrende at opgive sig selv som den Enkelte i det Almene.","translation":"Every time the single individual, after having entered into the universal, feels an impulse to assert himself as the single individual, he is in spiritual trial, out of which he works his way only by repentantly giving himself up as the single individual within the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Anfægtelse","title":"«Anfægtelse» — spiritual trial / temptation","body":"«Anfægtelse» is a key term throughout Problema I: a spiritual trial or assault, the temptation that besets the believer — distinct from ordinary «Fristelse» (temptation to do wrong). The whole danger Kierkegaard tracks is that the paradox of faith «let kan forvexles med en Anfægtelse» (can easily be confused with a spiritual trial). Note «efterat have været traadt ind» — the older perfect-infinitive construction, and «arbeider» (modern «arbejder»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hver","lemma":"hver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Gang","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Gang","lemma":"Gang","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies føler","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of føler","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"efterat","lemma":"efter at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of traadt","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of traadt","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, singular","role":"auxiliary of traadt","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"traadt","lemma":"træde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the efterat-clause","gloss":"entered","note":"Movement verbs like 'træde' (step) take 'være' (be), not 'have,' as their perfect auxiliary."},{"surface":"ind","lemma":"ind","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on traadt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"føler","lemma":"føle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tilskyndelse","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Tilskyndelse","lemma":"Tilskyndelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of føler","gloss":"impulse"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies Tilskyndelse","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"gjældende","lemma":"gjældende","morphology":"adjective, present participle","role":"predicate complement of gjøre","gloss":"felt","note":"Idiom: 'gøre sig gældende' = to assert oneself, make one's presence felt."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object of som","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Anfægtelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Anfægtelse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"Anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of er","gloss":"spiritual trial"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hvilken","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"hvilken","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"object of af","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of arbeider","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbeider","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"arbeider","lemma":"arbeide","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Anfægtelse","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of arbeider","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ud","lemma":"ud","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on arbeider","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of opgive","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"angrende","lemma":"angre","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"modifies opgive","gloss":"repentantly"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of opgive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"opgive","lemma":"opgive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ved","gloss":"give up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of opgive","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object of som","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"problema-i-s7","source":"Er dette det Højeste, der lader sig sige om Mennesket og om hans Tilværelse, saa har det Ethiske samme Beskaffenhed som et Menneskes evige Salighed, hvilken i al Evighed og i ethvert Øieblik er hans rs4os, da det vilde være en Modsigelse, at den skulde kunne opgives (2: teleologisk suspenderes) da den, saasnart den suspenderes, forskjærtses, medens hvad der suspenderes ikke er forskjærtset, men netop bevaret i det Høiere, der er dets 7s40s.","translation":"If this is the highest that can be said of man and of his existence, then the ethical has the same character as a man's eternal blessedness, which in all eternity and at every moment is his télos, since it would be a contradiction that it could be given up (that is, teleologically suspended), because the moment it is suspended it is forfeited, whereas what is suspended is not forfeited but precisely preserved in the higher, which is its télos.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"suspenderes / forskjærtses","title":"«suspendere» vs. «forskjærtse» — the key distinction","body":"Kierkegaard sharpens his term by contrast: to «forskjærtse» (forfeit, lose for good; modern «forskertse») is not the same as to «suspendere» (suspend). What is suspended is not lost but «bevaret i det Høiere» — preserved in the higher. The parenthetical «(2: …)» uses «2:» as a period abbreviation for «det er» / 'that is.' Eternal blessedness («evige Salighed») cannot be suspended in this way, which is why the ethical, if it is the highest, cannot be either."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Højeste","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Er","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Højeste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Højeste","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, superlative, substantivized","role":"predicate complement of Er","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Højeste","gloss":"can","note":"Idiom: 'lader sig sige' = 'can be said' (a reflexive-passive construction, lit. 'lets itself be said')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mennesket","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Mennesket","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of om, complement of sige","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tilværelse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Tilværelse","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Tilværelse","lemma":"tilværelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of om, coordinated with Mennesket","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, correlate of saa","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"subject of har","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"samme","lemma":"samme","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Beskaffenhed","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"Beskaffenhed","lemma":"Beskaffenhed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Salighed, introduces comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Menneskes","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Menneskes","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Salighed","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"evige","lemma":"evig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Salighed","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"Salighed","lemma":"Salighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of som (comparison)","gloss":"blessedness"},{"surface":"hvilken","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular, relative","role":"subject of er (w34), refers to Salighed","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Evighed","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Evighed","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Evighed","lemma":"Evighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, adverbial of er","gloss":"eternity"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"ethvert","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øieblik","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"Øieblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, coordinated with Evighed","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rs4os","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of rs4os","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rs4os","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"noun, foreign (Greek)","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"telos","note":"OCR-garbled rendering of the Greek word τέλος ('telos' — end, goal, purpose), which Kierkegaard uses untranslated; cf. w72 '7s40s'."},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause (det vilde være en Modsigelse)","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vilde være","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modal auxiliary of være","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to Modsigelse","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Modsigelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Modsigelse","lemma":"Modsigelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"contradiction"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of opgives, complement of Modsigelse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of opgives","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"modal auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kunne","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"kunne","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"modal auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of opgives","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"opgives","lemma":"opgive","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause (w43)","gloss":"given up"},{"surface":"teleologisk","lemma":"teleologisk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suspenderes","gloss":"teleologically"},{"surface":"suspenderes","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"restates opgives, parenthetical clarification","gloss":"suspended"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause of forskjærtses","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forskjærtses","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"saasnart","lemma":"saasnart","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suspenderes (w54)","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suspenderes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"suspenderes","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the saasnart-clause","gloss":"is suspended"},{"surface":"forskjærtses","lemma":"forskjærtse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the da-clause (w50), predicate of den (w51)","gloss":"is forfeited"},{"surface":"medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the contrastive clause of er (w61)","gloss":"whereas"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of suspenderes (w59)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative, subject marker","role":"subject of suspenderes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"suspenderes","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on hvad, verb of the subject clause","gloss":"is suspended"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forskjærtset","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to forskjærtset","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"forskjærtset","lemma":"forskjærtse","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (w61)","gloss":"forfeited"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevaret","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"bevaret","lemma":"bevare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"coordinated with forskjærtset, predicate complement of (elided) er","gloss":"preserved"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Høiere","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Høiere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Høiere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative, substantivized","role":"object of i, complement of bevaret","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of er (w70), relative clause on Høiere","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to 7s40s","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dets","lemma":"dets","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 7s40s","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"7s40s","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"noun, foreign (Greek)","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"telos","note":"OCR-garbled rendering of the Greek word τέλος ('telos'); cf. w36 'rs4os'."}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"problema-i-s8","source":"Forholder det sig saaledes, da har Hegel Ret, naar han lader Mennesket i det Gode og Samvittigheden kun være bestemmet som den Enkelte, han har Ret i at betragte denne Bestemmethed som en ,moralsk Form af det Onde\" (cfr. især Retsphilosophien), hvilken skal ophæves i det Sædeliges Teleologi, saaledes at den Enkelte, der forbliver i hiint Stadium, enten synder eller ligger i Anfægtelse: Hvad Hegel derimod ikke har Ret i, er at tale om Troen, Uret i ikke høit og lydeligt at protestere mod, at Abraham nyder Hæder og Ære som en Troens Fader, medens han burde hjemvises og udvises som en Morder.","translation":"If that is how matters stand, then Hegel is right when he lets man, in the good and in conscience, be determined merely as the single individual; he is right to regard this determination as a 'moral form of evil' (cf. especially the Philosophy of Right), which is to be annulled in the teleology of ethical life, so that the single individual who remains in that stage either sins or lies in spiritual trial. What Hegel has no right to do, on the other hand, is to speak of faith — no right not to protest loudly and clearly that Abraham enjoys honor and glory as a father of faith, when he ought rather to be turned away and cast out as a murderer.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det Sædelige","title":"«det Sædelige» — ethical life (Sittlichkeit)","body":"«det Sædelige» translates Hegel's Sittlichkeit — the concrete, customary ethical life embodied in family, civil society, and state — as against mere «Moralitet» (subjective morality). Kierkegaard treats «det Ethiske 9: det Sædelige» (the ethical, i.e. the ethical-life) as Hegel's candidate for 'the highest,' precisely the claim faith breaks. Note «hiint Stadium» (modern «hint Stadium», that stage) and «hjemvises og udvises» — turned away and expelled."}],"words":[{"surface":"Forholder","lemma":"forholde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence (reflexive: forholde sig = to be the case)","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Forholder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of Forholder (reflexive)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Forholder","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb, introduces the main clause (har)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb, predicate of Hegel (idiom: have Ret = be right)","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Hegel","lemma":"Hegel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"Hegel"},{"surface":"Ret","lemma":"Ret","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lader","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"Mennesket","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lader, subject of være bestemmet","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gode","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Gode","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gode","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"object of i, adverbial of bestemmet","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Samvittigheden","lemma":"samvittighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gode, object of (elided) i","gloss":"conscience"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bestemmet","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to bestemmet","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"bestemmet","lemma":"bestemme","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of være, main predicate of Mennesket","gloss":"determined"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"complement of som, predicate of bestemmet","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har (w25)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of new clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Ret","lemma":"Ret","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the at-clause (idiom: Ret i at = right to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of betragte","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"betragte","lemma":"betragte","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Ret i","gloss":"regard"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Bestemmethed","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Bestemmethed","lemma":"Bestemmethed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of betragte","gloss":"determination"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Form","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Form","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"moralsk","lemma":"moralsk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Form","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"Form","lemma":"Form","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of betragte","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Onde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Onde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Onde","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"object of af, modifies Form","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"cfr","lemma":"cfr","morphology":"abbreviation, foreign (Latin: confer)","role":"parenthetical citation marker, introduces Retsphilosophien","gloss":"cf.","note":"Latin abbreviation for 'confer' ('compare'), a scholarly citation marker."},{"surface":"især","lemma":"især","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Retsphilosophien","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"Retsphilosophien","lemma":"Retsphilosophien","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the Philosophy of Right","note":"Refers to Hegel's Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts (Philosophy of Right)."},{"surface":"hvilken","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular, relative","role":"subject of ophæves, refers to Bestemmethed","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ophæves","gloss":"is to"},{"surface":"ophæves","lemma":"ophæve","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Bestemmethed, main verb","gloss":"annulled"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Teleologi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Sædeliges","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sædeliges","lemma":"sædelig","morphology":"adjective, genitive, singular, substantivized","role":"possessor of Teleologi","gloss":"of ethical life"},{"surface":"Teleologi","lemma":"Teleologi","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ophæves","gloss":"teleology"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ophæves, correlative with at (w50)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"subject of synder (and ligger)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of forbliver","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"forbliver","lemma":"forblive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Enkelte","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stadium","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hiint","lemma":"hiin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Stadium","gloss":"that","note":"Archaic Danish demonstrative 'hiin/hiint' ('that, yon')."},{"surface":"Stadium","lemma":"Stadium","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of forbliver","gloss":"stage"},{"surface":"enten","lemma":"enten","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies synder (enten...eller = either...or)","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"synder","lemma":"synde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb, coordinated with ligger, predicate of Enkelte","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with synder","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Anfægtelse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"Anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, complement of ligger","gloss":"spiritual trial","note":"'Anfægtelse' is a Kierkegaardian term for spiritual trial/temptation/tribulation."},{"surface":"Hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the free relative clause (har)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Hegel","lemma":"Hegel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of har (w68)","gloss":"Hegel"},{"surface":"derimod","lemma":"derimod","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the free relative clause introduced by Hvad","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Ret","lemma":"Ret","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the at-clause (idiom: Ret i at = right to), object of er","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence, copula linking Hvad-clause to at tale","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tale","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of er","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Troen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of om, complement of tale","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"Uret","lemma":"Uret","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to har Ret i, elliptical construction (er Uret i)","gloss":"wrong","note":"'Uret' (lit. 'un-right') restates the Ret-i-at construction negatively: '[it is] wrong not to protest...'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the at-clause (protestere), parallel to Ret i at","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies høit og lydeligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"høit","lemma":"høit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies protestere, coordinated with lydeligt","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lydeligt","lemma":"lydelig","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with høit","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of protestere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"protestere","lemma":"protestere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Uret i","gloss":"protest"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of nyder","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nyder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of nyder","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"nyder","lemma":"nyde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause governed by mod","gloss":"enjoys"},{"surface":"Hæder","lemma":"Hæder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nyder","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ære","lemma":"Ære","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Hæder","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Fader","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Fader","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Troens","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Fader","gloss":"faith's"},{"surface":"Fader","lemma":"Fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nyder","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hjemvises","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjemvises","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"burde","lemma":"burde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjemvises","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"hjemvises","lemma":"hjemvise","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the medens-clause","gloss":"be turned away"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"udvises","lemma":"udvise","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hjemvises","gloss":"cast out"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Morder","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Morder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Morder","lemma":"Morder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hjemvises","gloss":"murderer"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"problema-i-s10","source":"Troen er nemlig dette Paradox, at den Enkelte er højere end det Almene, dog vel at mærke saaledes, at Bevægelsen gjentager sig, at han altsaa, efterat have været i det Almene, nu som den Enkelte isolerer sig som højere end det Almene.","translation":"For faith is precisely this paradox, that the single individual is higher than the universal — yet, mark well, in such a way that the movement repeats itself, so that he, after having been in the universal, now as the single individual isolates himself as higher than the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Paradox","title":"«Paradoxet» — faith as paradox","body":"Here Kierkegaard gives faith its definition: «Troen er … dette Paradox, at den Enkelte er højere end det Almene» — the single individual is higher than the universal. This inverts the ethical, where the individual must dissolve into the universal. Crucially «Bevægelsen gjentager sig» (the movement repeats itself): the believer first enters the universal, then re-isolates as the individual on a higher plane. Period spelling «gjentager» (modern «gentager»), «altsaa» (modern «altså»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Paradox","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nemlig","lemma":"nemlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Paradox","gloss":"namely"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining Paradox","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"subject of er (w9)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to højere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement of er, describes Enkelte","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"comparison marker, introduces det Almene","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"object of end (comparison)","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the following clause (vel at mærke)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mærke (idiom: vel at mærke = mark well)","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of mærke","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mærke","lemma":"mærke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parenthetical infinitive phrase (idiom: vel at mærke)","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb, anticipates the at-clause (w19)","gloss":"in such a way"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjentager","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Bevægelsen","lemma":"Bevægelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjentager","gloss":"the movement"},{"surface":"gjentager","lemma":"gjentage","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the saaledes at-clause","gloss":"repeats"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of gjentager","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of isolerer","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of isolerer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"altsaa","lemma":"altsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies isolerer","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"efterat","lemma":"efter at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the temporal clause (have været)","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of været","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"adverbial clause modifying isolerer (temporal)","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"object of i, complement of været","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies isolerer","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"predicative marker, modifies isolerer (som den Enkelte)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"predicative complement, describes han (subject of isolerer)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"isolerer","lemma":"isolere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause (w23)","gloss":"isolates"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of isolerer","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking højere","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement via som, describes han","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"comparison marker, introduces det Almene","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantivized","role":"object of end (comparison)","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"problema-i-s11","source":"Dersom dette ikke er Troen, såa er Abraham tabt, saa har Troen aldrig været til i Verden, netop fordi den altid har været til.","translation":"If this is not faith, then Abraham is lost, then faith has never existed in the world — precisely because it has always existed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dersom … saa","title":"«Dersom … saa» — conditional refrain","body":"«Dersom» = if (a formal alternative to «hvis»); the «Dersom … saa» pattern is a recurring drumbeat in this section. The paradoxical close — faith 'has never existed, precisely because it has always existed' — is one Kierkegaard repeats verbatim later as a deliberate refrain. Note the period/typographic «såa» and «saa» both standing for modern «så» (then/so)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dersom","lemma":"dersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of er (w4)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Troen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"såa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb, introduces the main clause (er Abraham tabt)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tabt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tabt","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"tabt","lemma":"tabe","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of er, describes Abraham","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb, introduces the clause (har ... været til)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of været (være til = to exist)","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of været","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies været til","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb (with har), forms være til = exist","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"adverb, particle","role":"particle completing været (være til = exist)","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fordi (idiom: netop fordi = precisely because)","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause (den altid har været til)","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of været","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"altid","lemma":"altid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies været","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of været","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the fordi-clause (være til = exist)","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"adverb, particle","role":"particle completing været (være til = exist)","gloss":"existed"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"problema-i-s12","source":"Thi hvis det Ethiske 9: det Sædelige er det Højeste, og der intet Incommensurabelt bliver tilbage i Mennesket paa anden Maade, end at dette Incommensurable er det Onde 2: det Enkelte, der skal udtrykkes i det Almene, saa behøver man ikke andre Kategorier end hvad den græske Philosophi havde, eller hvad der ved en conseqvent Tænkning lader sig uddrage af disse.","translation":"For if the ethical — that is, ethical life — is the highest, and there remains nothing incommensurable in man in any other way than that this incommensurable is the evil, that is, the singular that must be expressed in the universal, then one needs no other categories than those Greek philosophy had, or than what can be drawn out of them by consistent thinking.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Incommensurabelt","title":"«Incommensurabelt» — the incommensurable","body":"«det Incommensurable» — that which has no common measure with the universal, what cannot be reduced to ethical terms. Hegel can allow no positive incommensurable: anything left over in man must be «det Onde» (the evil). Faith insists there is an incommensurable that is good and higher. Note the abbreviation marks «9:» and «2:» both standing for «det er» (that is) — interchangeable period shorthand — and «conseqvent» (modern «konsekvent»), «græske Philosophi» (Greek philosophy)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction, coordinating","role":"introduces the sentence (for)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Thi","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, substantival","role":"subject of er","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Sædelige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sædelige","lemma":"sædelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, substantival, definite","role":"in apposition to Ethiske","gloss":"ethical 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tilbage","gloss":"incommensurable"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause (bliver tilbage = remains)","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"particle completing bliver (remains)","gloss":"left over"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mennesket","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Mennesket","lemma":"Mennesket","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manner (Maade)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"anden","lemma":"anden","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Maade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Maade","lemma":"Maade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition paa","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the comparative clause (than)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (dette Incommensurable er det Onde)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Incommensurable","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Incommensurable","lemma":"incommensurabel","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, substantival","role":"subject of er","gloss":"incommensurable"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking dette Incommensurable to Onde","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Onde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Onde","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, substantival, definite","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular, substantival, definite","role":"in apposition to Onde","gloss":"singular"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of udtrykkes (relative pronoun for Enkelte)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykkes","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"udtrykkes","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause on Enkelte","gloss":"be expressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det Almene","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, substantival, definite","role":"object of preposition i (i det Almene)","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the main clause (correlative of hvis)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"behøver","lemma":"behøve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of behøver","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies behøver","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"anden","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Kategorier","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Kategorier","lemma":"Kategori","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of behøver","gloss":"categories"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the comparative clause of hvad","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of havde (fronted)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Philosophi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"græske","lemma":"græsk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Philosophi","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"Philosophi","lemma":"Philosophi","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of havde","gloss":"philosophy"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the comparative clause (had)","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the two comparative clauses (or)","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of lader (relative antecedent)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"resumptive subject marker for lader (required after hvad as subject)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tænkning (by means of)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tænkning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"conseqvent","lemma":"conseqvent","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Tænkning","gloss":"consistent"},{"surface":"Tænkning","lemma":"Tænkning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition ved","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause (lader sig uddrage = can be drawn out)","gloss":"can be"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader (idiom: lader sig = can be)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"uddrage","lemma":"uddrage","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of lader","gloss":"drawn out"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disse","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of preposition af","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"problema-i-s13","source":"Dette burde Hegel ikke have lagt Skjul paa; thi han har dog havt græske Studier.","translation":"This Hegel ought not to have concealed; for he did, after all, have Greek studies behind him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"thi","title":"«thi» — for (archaic causal)","body":"«thi» = 'for / because,' an older, elevated coordinating conjunction (cf. German denn) that Kierkegaard uses constantly to introduce a reason. Modern Danish has largely replaced it with «for». Note «havt» (modern «haft», had) and «lagt Skjul paa» — to have concealed / kept hidden."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition paa (fronted; idiom lægge Skjul paa = conceal)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"burde","lemma":"burde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lagt","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"Hegel","lemma":"Hegel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of lagt","gloss":"Hegel"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lagt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of lagt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"lagt","lemma":"lægge","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"concealed"},{"surface":"Skjul","lemma":"skjul","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lagt","gloss":"hiding","note":"Idiom: at lægge skjul på noget = to conceal/hide something."},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition completing the idiom lægge Skjul paa, governs Dette","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the second clause (for)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of havt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of havt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies havt","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"havt","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"had","note":"Archaic spelling of \"haft\" (past participle of at have)."},{"surface":"græske","lemma":"græsk","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Studier","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"Studier","lemma":"Studier","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of havt","gloss":"studies"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"problema-i-s14","source":"Man hører ikke sjeldent Mænd, der, i Mangel af at fortabe sig i Studier, fordybe sig i Phraser, fortælle, at der over den christelige Verden skinner et Lys, medens der ruger et Mørke over Hedenskabet.","translation":"Not seldom one hears men who, for lack of losing themselves in study, immerse themselves in phrases, telling us that over the Christian world there shines a light, while a darkness broods over paganism.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Hedenskabet","title":"«Hedenskabet» — paganism","body":"«Hedenskabet» = heathendom / paganism, here the pre-Christian Greek world. Kierkegaard mocks the cliché that Christianity is light and paganism darkness; he holds rather that every serious thinker is rejuvenated by 'the Greek people's eternal youth.' Period spelling: «sjeldent» (modern «sjældent»), «christelige» (modern «kristelige»), and «Phraser» (modern «fraser», empty phrases)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of hører","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"hører","lemma":"høre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hører","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sjeldent","lemma":"sjelden","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying hører (with ikke: not seldom)","gloss":"seldom"},{"surface":"Mænd","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hører","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of fordybe and fortælle (relative pronoun for Mænd)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mangel","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Mangel","lemma":"Mangel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition i (i Mangel af = for lack of)","gloss":"lack"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fortabe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fortabe","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fortabe","lemma":"fortabe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Mangel","gloss":"losing"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of fortabe","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Studier","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Studier","lemma":"Studier","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of fortabe","gloss":"study"},{"surface":"fordybe","lemma":"fordybe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, plural (archaic)","role":"predicate of der (coordinated with fortælle)","gloss":"immerse","note":"19th-century Danish plural present tense (no -r ending), distinct from singular \"fordyber.\""},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of fordybe","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Phraser","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Phraser","lemma":"Phrase","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fordybe","gloss":"phrases"},{"surface":"fortælle","lemma":"fortælle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, plural (archaic)","role":"predicate of der (coordinated with fordybe), introduces the at-clause","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skinner","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb, expletive","role":"expletive with skinner","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verden","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Verden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"christelige","lemma":"christelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Verden","gloss":"Christian"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition over","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"skinner","lemma":"skinne","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause (skinner et Lys = a light shines)","gloss":"shines"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Lys","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Lys","lemma":"Lys","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"notional subject of skinner (postposed after der)","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ruger","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb, expletive","role":"expletive with ruger","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ruger","lemma":"ruge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause (ruger et Mørke = a darkness broods)","gloss":"broods"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Mørke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Mørke","lemma":"Mørke","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"notional subject of ruger (postposed after der)","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hedenskabet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Hedenskabet","lemma":"hedenskab","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition over","gloss":"paganism"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"problema-i-s15","source":"Denne Tale har altid forekommet mig besynderlig, da endnu enhver grundigere Tænker, enhver alvorligere Kunstner forynger sig ved det græske Folks evige Ungdom.","translation":"This way of talking has always struck me as strange, since to this day every more thorough thinker, every more serious artist, is rejuvenated by the eternal youth of the Greek people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tale","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Tale","lemma":"Tale","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forekommet","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forekommet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"altid","lemma":"altid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forekommet","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"forekommet","lemma":"forekomme","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forekommet","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"besynderlig","lemma":"besynderlig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of forekommet","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forynger","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"endnu","lemma":"endnu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forynger","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tænker","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"grundigere","lemma":"grundig","morphology":"adjective, comparative, common gender","role":"modifies Tænker","gloss":"more thorough"},{"surface":"Tænker","lemma":"Tænker","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forynger (coordinated with Kunstner)","gloss":"thinker"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Kunstner","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"alvorligere","lemma":"alvorlig","morphology":"adjective, comparative, common gender","role":"modifies Kunstner","gloss":"more serious"},{"surface":"Kunstner","lemma":"Kunstner","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forynger (coordinated with Tænker)","gloss":"artist"},{"surface":"forynger","lemma":"forynge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause (Tænker, Kunstner forynger sig = is rejuvenated)","gloss":"is rejuvenated"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of forynger","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Folks","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Folks","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"græske","lemma":"græsk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Folks","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"Folks","lemma":"Folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, genitive","role":"possessive modifier of Ungdom","gloss":"people's"},{"surface":"evige","lemma":"evig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Ungdom","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"Ungdom","lemma":"ungdom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition ved, complement of forynger","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"problema-i-s16","source":"Et saadant Udsagn lader sig forklare af, at man ikke veed hvad man skal sige, men kun, at man skal sige Noget.","translation":"Such a pronouncement can be explained by the fact that one does not know what one is to say, but only that one is to say something.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"veed","title":"«veed» — knows","body":"«veed» is the period spelling of modern «ved» (knows, from «vide»), with the doubled vowel typical of the orthography of the day. The construction «lader sig forklare af» — 'can be explained by / lets itself be explained' — uses «lade sig» + infinitive for a passive-potential sense ('can be ...'), one of Kierkegaard's favorite turns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udsagn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadant","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Udsagn","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Udsagn","lemma":"Udsagn","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"pronouncement"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can be","note":"Idiom: lade sig + infinitive = \"can be ___ed\" (a passive-like construction)."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"forklare","lemma":"forklare","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"explained"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of veed","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of veed","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of veed","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veed","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"veed","lemma":"vide","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause (governs hvad man skal sige)","gloss":"knows","note":"Archaic spelling of \"ved\" (knows), from at vide."},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of sige","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"is to"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal object of veed (hvad man skal sige)","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the following at-clause (only)","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second clause, elliptically object of veed (contrasted with the hvad-clause)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"is to"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second at-clause","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sige","gloss":"something"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"problema-i-s17","source":"Det er i sin Orden, at man siger, at Hedenskabet ikke havde Troen, men naar man derved skal have sagt Noget, da maa man være lidt mere paa det Rene om, hvad man forstaaer ved Troen, da man ellers synker tilbage i saadanne Phraser.","translation":"It is quite in order to say that paganism did not have faith; but if by that one is supposed to have said something, then one must be a little clearer about what one understands by faith, since otherwise one sinks back into such phrases.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"paa det Rene","title":"«paa det Rene» — clear / settled","body":"«at være paa det Rene om noget» = to be clear about / to have something settled (literally 'on the clear'). Kierkegaard's demand: do not use the word «Troen» (faith) unless you can say what it is. Period spelling: «forstaaer» (modern «forstår»), «saadanne» (modern «sådanne»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Orden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Orden","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Orden","lemma":"Orden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of er (idiom: i sin Orden = in order)","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the extraposed subject clause of Det","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of siger","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"siger","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"extraposed subject clause verb, referring to Det","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of havde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Hedenskabet","lemma":"Hedenskabet","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of havde","gloss":"paganism"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies havde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, direct object clause of siger","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of havde","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause (if)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"derved","lemma":"derved","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagt","gloss":"by that"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"is to"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the naar-clause (skal have sagt = is to have said)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative with naar, introduces the main clause (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"maa","lemma":"maatte","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of være","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to mere","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"lidt","lemma":"lidt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mere","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"mere","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies paa det Rene (comparative degree)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition forming idiom paa det Rene (be clear about)","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Rene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rene","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, substantival, definite","role":"object of preposition paa (idiom: paa det Rene = clear/settled)","gloss":"clear","note":"Idiom: være på det rene (med/om) = to be clear/certain (about)."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of forstaaer","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of forstaaer (fronted)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of forstaaer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"forstaaer","lemma":"forstå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvad-clause (object of om)","gloss":"understands"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Troen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition ved","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synker","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of synker","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ellers","lemma":"ellers","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies synker","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"synker","lemma":"synke","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the da-clause","gloss":"sinks"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on synker","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saadanne Phraser","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"saadanne","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Phraser","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Phraser","lemma":"Phrase","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of preposition i (sink back into)","gloss":"phrases"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"problema-i-s18","source":"At forklare hele Tilværelsen, Troen med, uden at have en Forestilling om hvad Troen er, er let, og den calculerer ikke slettest i Livet, der regner paa Beundring, naar han har en saadan Forklaring; thi det er som Boileau siger: un sot trouve toujours un plus sot, qui Vadmire.","translation":"To explain the whole of existence, faith included, without having any conception of what faith is, is easy; and he does not calculate worst in life who counts on admiration when he has such an explanation — for it is as Boileau says: un sot trouve toujours un plus sot, qui l'admire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of forklare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"forklare","lemma":"forklare","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence (infinitive subject clause)","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Tilværelsen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Tilværelsen","lemma":"Tilværelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forklare","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"second object of forklare, coordinated (Troen med = faith included)","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"adverb","role":"postposed adverb meaning \"included\" (Troen med = faith included)","gloss":"included","note":"Postposed \"med\" is an idiom meaning \"included/too,\" not the ordinary preposition \"with.\""},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of have","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of have","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the uden-clause (uden at have = without having)","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forestilling","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Forestilling","lemma":"Forestilling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of have","gloss":"conception"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvad-clause (hvad Troen er = what faith is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking forklare to let (main clause)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (main clause)","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of calculerer (pronoun: he/the one who)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"calculerer","lemma":"calculere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause (den calculerer = he calculates)","gloss":"calculates"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies calculerer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"slettest","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb, superlative","role":"modifies calculerer (superlative: worst)","gloss":"worst"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Livet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Livet","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of regner","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"regner","lemma":"regne","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause verb on den (who counts)","gloss":"counts"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Beundring","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Beundring","lemma":"beundring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition paa (regne paa = count on)","gloss":"admiration"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forklaring","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadan","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Forklaring","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Forklaring","lemma":"Forklaring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"explanation"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the final clause (for)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the thi-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of siger (as)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Boileau","lemma":"Boileau","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of siger","gloss":"Boileau"},{"surface":"siger","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the som-clause (as Boileau says)","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"article (French)","role":"French quotation: article for sot","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sot","lemma":"sot","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular (French)","role":"subject of trouve (French quotation)","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"trouve","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active (French)","role":"main verb of the French quotation (finds)","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb (French)","role":"adverb modifying trouve (French: always)","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"article (French)","role":"article for sot (plus sot = bigger fool)","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb (French)","role":"modifies sot (comparative: bigger)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"sot","lemma":"sot","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular (French)","role":"direct object of trouve (French quotation)","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative (French)","role":"relative pronoun, subject of Vadmire (French: who)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Vadmire","lemma":"admirer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, with clitic object pronoun (French)","role":"main verb of the relative clause (l'admire = admires him)","gloss":"admires him","note":"Surface likely reflects OCR corruption of the French \"l'admire\" in Boileau's quotation \"qui l'admire\" (who admires him)."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"problema-i-s19","source":"Troen er netop dette Paradox, at den Enkelte som den Enkelte er højere end det Almene, er berettiget ligeoverfor dette, ikke subordineret, men overordnet, dog vel at mærke saaledes, at det er den Enkelte, der efter at have været som den Enkelte det Almene underordnet, nu gjennem det Almene bliver den Enkelte, der som den Enkelte er det overordnet; at den Enkelte som den Enkelte staaer i et absolut Forhold til det Absolute.","translation":"Faith is precisely this paradox, that the single individual as the single individual is higher than the universal, is justified over against it — not subordinated, but superordinate — yet, mark well, in such a way that it is the single individual who, after having been as the single individual subordinate to the universal, now through the universal becomes the single individual who as the single individual is superordinate to it; that the single individual as the single individual stands in an absolute relation to the absolute.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"et absolut Forhold til det Absolute","title":"«et absolut Forhold til det Absolute» — an absolute relation to the absolute","body":"The summit-formula of Problema I: faith is the single individual standing in «et absolut Forhold til det Absolute» — an absolute relation to the Absolute (God). The individual is not «subordineret» (subordinated) to the universal but «overordnet» (superordinate), having first passed through being «underordnet» (subordinate) to it. The triple play of subordinate/superordinate marks the repetition of the movement. Note «staaer» (modern «står»), «gjennem» (modern «gennem»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"Faith"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Paradox","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Paradox","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of højere","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of højere","gloss":"single individual","note":"Kierkegaard's technical term for the individual before God, as opposed to 'det Almene' (the universal); the phrase 'den Enkelte som den Enkelte' recurs as a refrain throughout this book."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte (comparison)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of som (comparison)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to højere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement of er (clause 1)","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene (comparison)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"complement of end (comparison)","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (clause 2), coordinated with højere","gloss":"justified"},{"surface":"ligeoverfor","lemma":"ligeoverfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dette","gloss":"over against"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of berettiget","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies subordineret","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"subordineret","lemma":"subordinere","morphology":"adjective (participle), neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to berettiget, coordinated with overordnet","gloss":"subordinated"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"overordnet","lemma":"overordne","morphology":"adjective (participle), neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with subordineret","gloss":"superordinate"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces contrastive clause (dog vel at mærke)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mærke","gloss":"well","note":"Idiom 'vel at mærke' means 'mark well' or 'be it noted' — a parenthetical aside."},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker of mærke","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mærke","lemma":"mærke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"head of parenthetical clause (vel at mærke, 'mark well')","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the following at-clause (saaledes, at)","gloss":"in such a way"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (det er den Enkelte)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Enkelte","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of bliver","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of været","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"part of efter at ('after')","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of været","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate of efter at-clause (temporal adjunct to bliver)","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte (comparison)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of som (comparison)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"complement of underordnet","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"underordnet","lemma":"underordne","morphology":"adjective (participle), neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of været (efter at-clause)","gloss":"subordinate"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bliver","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"gjennem","lemma":"gjennem","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjennem","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the relative clause, copula linking to Enkelte","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of bliver","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of er","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte (comparison)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of som (comparison)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to overordnet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"object of overordnet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"overordnet","lemma":"overordne","morphology":"adjective (participle), neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"superordinate"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of staaer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of staaer","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte (comparison)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of som (comparison)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"staaer","lemma":"staae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"stands","note":"Archaic spelling of 'står' ('stands')."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"absolut","lemma":"absolut","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Forhold","gloss":"absolute"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of staaer","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Absolute","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Absolute","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Absolute","lemma":"absolut","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"complement of til, modifies Forhold","gloss":"absolute"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"problema-i-s20","source":"Dette Standpunkt lader sig ikke mediere; thi al Mediation skeer netop i Kraft af det Almene; det er og bliver i al Evighed et Paradox, utilgængeligt for Tænkningen.","translation":"This standpoint cannot be mediated; for all mediation takes place precisely by virtue of the universal; it is and remains for all eternity a paradox, inaccessible to thought.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mediere / Mediation","title":"«mediere» — to mediate (Hegelian Vermittlung)","body":"«Mediation» / «at mediere» is Hegel's Vermittlung — the dialectical move by which opposites are reconciled in a higher unity. Kierkegaard's point is that the paradox of faith is unmediatable: since all mediation works «i Kraft af det Almene» (by virtue of the universal), and faith puts the individual above the universal, it stays «utilgængeligt for Tænkningen» — inaccessible to thought. The phrase «i Kraft af det Absurde» (by virtue of the absurd) names the same impasse from faith's side."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Standpunkt","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"Standpunkt","lemma":"Standpunkt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"standpoint"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lets","note":"Idiom 'lade sig mediere' means 'to be mediated' — a reflexive construction with a passive sense."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mediere","lemma":"mediere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of lader (passive sense)","gloss":"be mediated"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skeer","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Mediation","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Mediation","lemma":"Mediation","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skeer","gloss":"mediation"},{"surface":"skeer","lemma":"skee","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"takes place"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kraft","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kraft","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"Kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skeer","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"object of af, complement of Kraft","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence, coordinated with bliver","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Evighed","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Evighed","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Evighed","lemma":"Evighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, adjunct of er/bliver","gloss":"eternity"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er/bliver","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"utilgængeligt","lemma":"utilgængelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to Paradox","gloss":"inaccessible"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tænkningen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Tænkningen","lemma":"tænkning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of for, complement of utilgængeligt","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"problema-i-s21","source":"Og dog er Troen dette Paradox eller ogsaa (dette er de Conseqventser, som jeg vil bede Læseren have in mente paa ethvert Punkt, om det end vilde blive mig for vidtløftigt overalt at nedskrive dem) eller ogsaa har der aldrig været Tro til, netop fordi den altid har været, eller ogsaa er Abraham tabt.","translation":"And yet faith is this paradox — or else (these are the consequences I would ask the reader to keep in mind at every point, even though it would become too long-winded for me to write them out everywhere) — or else faith has never existed, precisely because it has always existed, or else Abraham is lost.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"in mente","title":"«in mente» — Latin: in mind","body":"«in mente» = Latin 'in mind' (to keep in mind). The sentence lays out the stark trilemma that governs the book: «eller ogsaa … eller ogsaa … eller ogsaa» — either faith is this paradox, or it has never existed, or Abraham is lost. Note «Conseqventser» (modern «konsekvenser»), «vidtløftigt» (long-winded, rambling), «nedskrive» (write down)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er (clause)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Troen to Paradox","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of idiom eller ogsaa ('or else')","gloss":"else","note":"Idiom 'eller ogsaa' means 'or else', introducing an alternative clause; it recurs three times in this sentence."},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Conseqventser","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Conseqventser","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Conseqventser","lemma":"Conseqvents","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"consequences"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"object of have (in mente)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bede","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bede","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bede","lemma":"bede","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"Læseren","lemma":"Læseren","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bede","gloss":"the reader"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of bede (bede X have = 'ask X to have')","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"foreign phrase element (Latin)","role":"part of idiom in mente ('in mind')","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun (Latin loan), ablative","role":"complement of in (idiom in mente, 'in mind')","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Punkt","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"ethvert","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Punkt","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Punkt","lemma":"Punkt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of paa, adjunct of have in mente","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of idiom om ... end ('even though')","gloss":"even though","note":"Correlates with 'end' later in the clause — together 'om ... end' means 'even though' or 'even if'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vilde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of idiom om ... end","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blive","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of clause (with vilde)","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"dative complement of blive","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vidtløftigt","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"vidtløftigt","lemma":"vidtløftig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of blive","gloss":"long-winded"},{"surface":"overalt","lemma":"overalt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nedskrive","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker introducing nedskrive clause (complement of vidtløftigt)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nedskrive","lemma":"nedskrive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive clause, complement of vidtløftigt","gloss":"write down"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of nedskrive","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of idiom eller ogsaa ('or else')","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of været","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (expletive)","role":"expletive subject of har/været (der ... til, existential)","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies været","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb, forms idiom være til ('exist') with til","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"Tro","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"notional subject of været (existential construction)","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"particle","role":"completes idiom være til ('exist')","gloss":"exist","note":"Completes the idiom 'være til' ('to exist'), here split from 'været' by the intervening words 'der ... Tro'."},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fordi","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har været","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har været","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"altid","lemma":"altid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies været","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of været","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of fordi-clause","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of idiom eller ogsaa ('or else')","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tabt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tabt","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"tabt","lemma":"tabe","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"problema-i-s22","source":"At dette Paradox for den Enkelte let kan forvexles med en Anfægtelse, er vel sandt, men derfor bør man ikke skjule det.","translation":"That this paradox can, for the single individual, easily be confused with a spiritual trial, is true enough; but that is no reason to conceal it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forvexles","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of forvexles","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object of for","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forvexles","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forvexles","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"forvexles","lemma":"forvexle","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"be confused"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Anfægtelse","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Anfægtelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"Anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of forvexles","gloss":"spiritual trial"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sandt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sandt","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"sandt","lemma":"sand","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bør","gloss":"for that reason"},{"surface":"bør","lemma":"burde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skjule","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of skjule","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skjule","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skjule","lemma":"skjule","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"conceal"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skjule","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"problema-i-s23","source":"At Manges hele Bygning kan være saaledes, at det støder dem fra sig, er vel sandt; men derfor bør man ikke gjøre Troen til noget Andet, for ogsaa at kunne have den, men hellere tilstaae, at man ikke har den, medens de, der have Troen, burde være betænkte paa, at opstille nogle Kjendetegn, at man kunde adskille Paradoxet fra en Anfægtelse.","translation":"That the whole make-up of many people may be such that the paradox repels them is true enough; but that is no reason to make faith into something else in order to be able to have it too, but rather to admit that one does not have it — while those who do have faith ought to be intent on setting up some marks of recognition by which one could distinguish the paradox from a spiritual trial.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kjendetegn","title":"«Kjendetegn» — marks of recognition","body":"«Kjendetegn» (modern «kendetegn») = distinguishing marks, criteria. The honest demand: rather than redefining «Troen» (faith) down to something one can possess, either confess one lacks it, or — if one has it — produce «Kjendetegn» to tell «Paradoxet» (the paradox) from «en Anfægtelse» (a spiritual trial). Period spelling «gjøre» (modern «gøre»), «tilstaae» (modern «tilstå», to admit), «have Troen» (older plural verb «have», modern «har»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of være","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"Manges","lemma":"Mange","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, plural, genitive","role":"possessor of Bygning","gloss":"many people's"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Bygning","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Bygning","lemma":"Bygning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være","gloss":"make-up"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to saaledes","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of støder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of støder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"støder","lemma":"støde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"repels"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of støder","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of støder","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sandt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sandt","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"sandt","lemma":"sand","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bør","gloss":"for that reason"},{"surface":"bør","lemma":"burde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjøre","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of gjøre","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjøre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noget","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjøre","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"Andet","lemma":"anden","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies noget","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces purpose clause (for ... at kunne have den)","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunne have","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of have","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kunne","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of have","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of purpose clause","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of have","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hellere","lemma":"hellere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tilstaae","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"tilstaae","lemma":"tilstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gjøre","gloss":"admit"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of har","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause, complement of tilstaae","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of betænkte","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of betænkte","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of have","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active (archaic plural)","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"have","note":"Archaic plural verb form of 'have'; modern Danish uses 'har' for every person."},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of have","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"burde","lemma":"burde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of betænkte","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to betænkte","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"betænkte","lemma":"betænke","morphology":"adjective (participle)","role":"predicate complement of være (idiom være betænkt paa, 'be intent on')","gloss":"intent","note":"Idiom 'være betænkt paa' means 'to be intent on' or 'mindful to'."},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition completing betænkt paa, introduces the following at-clause","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of opstille","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"opstille","lemma":"opstille","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive clause, complement of paa (betænkt paa at opstille)","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"nogle","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Kjendetegn","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"Kjendetegn","lemma":"Kjendetegn","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of opstille","gloss":"marks of recognition"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of adskille","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of adskille","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of adskille","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"adskille","lemma":"adskille","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the result clause","gloss":"distinguish"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of adskille","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Anfægtelse","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Anfægtelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"Anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of adskille","gloss":"spiritual trial"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"problema-i-s24","source":"Fortællingen om Abraham indeholder nu en saadan teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske.","translation":"The story of Abraham now contains just such a teleological suspension of the ethical.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fortællingen","lemma":"Fortælling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of indeholder","gloss":"the story"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Fortællingen","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"indeholder","lemma":"indeholde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"contains"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies indeholder","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Suspension","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadan","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies Suspension","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"teleologisk","lemma":"teleologisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Suspension","gloss":"teleological"},{"surface":"Suspension","lemma":"Suspension","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of indeholder","gloss":"suspension"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"object of af, complement of Suspension","gloss":"ethical"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"problema-i-s25","source":"Det har ikke. manglet paa skarpsindige Hoveder og grundige Forskere, der have fundet Analogier til den.","translation":"There has been no lack of sharp minds and thorough scholars who have found analogies to it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"tutorial","term":null,"title":"Misplaced period in the source","body":"The stray period after «ikke» («Det har ikke. manglet …») is a typesetting/OCR artifact of the old edition, not a real sentence break; the clause is one sentence, 'There has been no lack of …'. It is kept verbatim so the joined sources reproduce the chunk. Note «have fundet» — older plural verb form (modern «har fundet»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of manglet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"manglet","lemma":"mangle","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hoveder","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skarpsindige","lemma":"skarpsindig","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Hoveder","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Hoveder","lemma":"Hoved","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of manglet","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grundige","lemma":"grundig","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Forskere","gloss":"thorough"},{"surface":"Forskere","lemma":"Forsker","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Hoveder","gloss":"scholars"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of have","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active (archaic plural)","role":"auxiliary of fundet","gloss":"have","note":"Archaic plural verb form of 'have'; modern Danish uses 'har' for every person."},{"surface":"fundet","lemma":"finde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"relative clause on Forskere","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"Analogier","lemma":"Analogi","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fundet","gloss":"analogies"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fundet","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"problema-i-s26","source":"Deres Viisdom løber ud paa den skjønne Sætning, at i Grunden er Alt det Samme.","translation":"Their wisdom amounts to the fine proposition that at bottom everything is the same.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Viisdom","title":"«Viisdom» — doubled-vowel orthography","body":"«Viisdom» (modern «visdom», wisdom) shows the period habit of doubling a long vowel — compare «Priis», «Beviis», «Viisdom» elsewhere in this section. «løber ud paa» = 'amounts to / comes down to.' Kierkegaard says it with a sneer: «den skjønne Sætning» (the fine/pretty proposition) that 'everything is at bottom the same' dissolves Abraham's singularity into bland analogy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Deres","lemma":"deres","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Viisdom","gloss":"Their"},{"surface":"Viisdom","lemma":"Viisdom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of løber","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"løber","lemma":"løbe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"amounts","note":"Idiom 'løbe ud paa' means 'to amount to' or 'come down to'."},{"surface":"ud","lemma":"ud","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on løber","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sætning","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Sætning","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"skjønne","lemma":"skjøn","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Sætning","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"Sætning","lemma":"sætning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of løber","gloss":"proposition"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Samme","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Grunden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Grunden","lemma":"Grund","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, adjunct of er","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Samme","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"al","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Samme","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Samme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Samme","lemma":"samme","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"same"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"problema-i-s27","source":"Naar man vil see lidt nærmere til, tvivler jeg meget paa, at man i den ganske Verden skal finde en eneste Analogi, undtagen en senere, hvilket Intet beviser, naar det staaer fast, at Abraham repræsenterer Troen, og at den normalt er udtrykt i ham, hvis Liv ikke blot er det mest Paradoxe, der lader sig tænke, men saa paradox, at det slet ikke lader sig tænke.","translation":"When one looks a little more closely, I very much doubt that in the whole world one will find a single analogy, except a later one, which proves nothing, once it stands firm that Abraham represents faith and that faith is normatively expressed in him — whose life is not merely the most paradoxical that can be thought, but so paradoxical that it cannot be thought at all.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lader sig tænke","title":"«lader sig tænke» — can be thought","body":"«lader sig tænke» = 'can be thought / is thinkable' (literally 'lets itself be thought'), the same «lade sig» + infinitive potential-passive seen above. Kierkegaard turns it on its head: Abraham's life is «saa paradox, at det slet ikke lader sig tænke» — so paradoxical that it cannot be thought at all. Note «see» (modern «se»), «staaer» (modern «står»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of see","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of see","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of see","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"see","lemma":"see","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tvivler","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"lidt","lemma":"lidt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nærmere","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"nærmere","lemma":"nær","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies see","gloss":"more closely"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"particle of see","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tvivler","lemma":"tvivle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tvivler","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"meget","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tvivler","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of finde","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finde","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Verden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ganske","lemma":"ganske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Verden","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of finde","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finde","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"finde","lemma":"finde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tvivler","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Analogi","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"eneste","lemma":"eneste","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Analogi","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"Analogi","lemma":"analogi","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finde","gloss":"analogy"},{"surface":"undtagen","lemma":"undtagen","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking senere","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of senere","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"senere","lemma":"sen","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies Analogi","gloss":"later","note":"Elliptical: 'a later one' is understood as 'a later analogy' (Analogi implied)."},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of beviser","gloss":"which","note":"'hvilket' refers back to the whole preceding idea (a non-restrictive 'which'), not to a single noun."},{"surface":"Intet","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of beviser","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"beviser","lemma":"bevise","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on senere","gloss":"proves"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of staaer","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of staaer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"staaer","lemma":"staae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tvivler","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies staaer","gloss":"firm","note":"Idiom: 'staae fast' = 'to be firmly established, to hold true.'"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of repræsenterer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of repræsenterer","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"repræsenterer","lemma":"repræsentere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of staaer","gloss":"represents"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of repræsenterer","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of udtrykt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of udtrykt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"normalt","lemma":"normalt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykt","gloss":"normally"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"udtrykt","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"coordinated with repræsenterer","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of udtrykt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"determiner of Liv","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Paradoxe","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blot","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"blot","lemma":"blot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Paradoxe","gloss":"merely","note":"Correlative construction: 'ikke blot X men (saa) Y' = 'not only X but (so) Y.'"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Paradoxe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradoxe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adverb, superlative","role":"modifies Paradoxe","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"Paradoxe","lemma":"paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"paradoxical"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Paradoxe","gloss":"can be","note":"'lader sig' + infinitive = a passive-like 'can be done' construction (lit. 'lets itself be thought')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"tænke","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies paradox","gloss":"so","note":"Correlative construction: 'saa...at' = 'so...that.'"},{"surface":"paradox","lemma":"paradox","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Paradoxe","gloss":"paradoxical"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lader","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"slet","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of paradox","gloss":"can be"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"tænke","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"problema-i-s28","source":"Han handler i Kraft af det Absurde; thi det er netop det Absurde, at han som den Enkelte er højere end det Almene.","translation":"He acts by virtue of the absurd; for it is precisely the absurd that he, as the single individual, is higher than the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"i Kraft af det Absurde","title":"«i Kraft af det Absurde» — by virtue of the absurd","body":"«i Kraft af det Absurde» = 'by virtue of / on the strength of the absurd' — the signature phrase of Fear and Trembling. Abraham does not act on a calculation or a probability but on the absurd: he believes he will get Isaac back even as he raises the knife. It is faith's counterpart to the unmediatable paradox — what cannot be reasoned to, only believed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of handler","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"handler","lemma":"handle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kraft","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of handler","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Absurde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Absurde","lemma":"absurd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of handler","gloss":"absurd"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Absurde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Absurde","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Absurde","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Absurde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Absurde","lemma":"absurd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"absurd"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of højere","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of højere","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies han","gloss":"single individual","note":"Kierkegaard's technical term 'den Enkelte' = 'the Single Individual,' central to his ethics-vs-faith distinction."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to højere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of højere","gloss":"universal","note":"Kierkegaard's counterpart term to 'den Enkelte': 'det Almene' = 'the universal,' the sphere of general ethical duty."}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"problema-i-s29","source":"Dette Paradox lader sig ikke mediere; thi saasnart han begynder derpaa, da maa han tilstaae, at han var i en Anfægtelse, og naar saa er, kommer han aldrig til at offre Isaak, eller hvis han har offret Isaak, da maa han .angrende vende tilbage til det Almene.","translation":"This paradox cannot be mediated; for as soon as he begins to do so, he must admit that he was in a spiritual trial, and if so, he never comes to sacrifice Isaac, or if he has sacrificed Isaac, then he must repentantly return to the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"offre","title":"«offre Isaak» — to sacrifice Isaac","body":"«offre» (modern «ofre») = to sacrifice; the binding of Isaac (Genesis 22) is the act the whole book circles. To 'mediate' the paradox would force Abraham to confess he was merely in «en Anfægtelse» (a spiritual trial), and then either he never sacrifices Isaac or, having done so, must «angrende vende tilbage» — repentantly return to the universal as a penitent. The stray period before «angrende» is an OCR artifact, kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can be","note":"'lader sig' + infinitive = a passive-like 'can be done' construction; here the famous line 'lader sig ikke mediere' = 'cannot be mediated' (rejecting Hegelian mediation)."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mediere","lemma":"mediere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"mediated"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of begynder","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"saasnart","lemma":"saasnart","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of begynder","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begynder","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"begynder","lemma":"begynde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on maa","gloss":"begins"},{"surface":"derpaa","lemma":"derpaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begynder","gloss":"to do so"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies maa","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"maa","lemma":"maa","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tilstaae","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilstaae","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tilstaae","lemma":"tilstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"admit"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tilstaae","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Anfægtelse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Anfægtelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"spiritual trial"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommer","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tilstaae","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of offre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of offre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"offre","lemma":"offre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of kommer","gloss":"sacrifice"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of offre","gloss":"Isaac"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of offret","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of offret","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of offret","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"offret","lemma":"offre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the hvis-clause","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of offret","gloss":"Isaac"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies maa","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"maa","lemma":"maa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vende","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vende","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"angrende","lemma":"angre","morphology":"verb, present participle, active","role":"adverbial modifier of vende","gloss":"repentantly","note":"The stray period before the word in the source is a printing artifact."},{"surface":"vende","lemma":"vende","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vende","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vende","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"problema-i-s30","source":"I Kraft af det Absurde faaer han Isaak igjen.","translation":"By virtue of the absurd he gets Isaac back.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"faaer … igjen","title":"«faaer han Isaak igjen» — gets Isaac back","body":"«faaer» (modern «får», gets/receives) with «igjen» (modern «igen», again/back). This terse sentence is the whole movement of faith in miniature: not Abraham resigning Isaac forever (that would be infinite resignation), but receiving him back «i Kraft af det Absurde». Period orthography: doubled-vowel «faaer» and «igjen» with its «gj»."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kraft","gloss":"By"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of faaer","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Absurde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Absurde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Absurde","lemma":"absurd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Kraft","gloss":"absurd"},{"surface":"faaer","lemma":"faae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gets"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of faaer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of faaer","gloss":"Isaac"},{"surface":"igjen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies faaer","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"problema-i-s31","source":"Abraham er derfor i intet Øieblik en tragisk Helt, men noget ganske Andet, enten en Morder eller en Troende.","translation":"Abraham is therefore at no moment a tragic hero, but something altogether different — either a murderer or a believer.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tragisk Helt","title":"«tragisk Helt» — the tragic hero","body":"«den tragiske Helt» (the tragic hero — Agamemnon, Jephthah, Brutus) is the foil to Abraham throughout this section: he too sacrifices a child, but always within the ethical, for a recognized higher ethical end (nation, vow, law). Abraham has no such mediating term, so he is «enten en Morder eller en Troende» — either a murderer or a believer, never merely a hero. Note «Øieblik» (modern «øjeblik»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of Helt","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Helt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øieblik","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"øjeblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of er","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tragisk","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Helt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"ganske","lemma":"ganske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Andet","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"Andet","lemma":"anden","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies noget","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"enten","lemma":"enten","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies Morder","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Morder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Morder","lemma":"morder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Andet","gloss":"murderer"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Troende","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Troende","lemma":"troende","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Morder","gloss":"believer"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"problema-i-s32","source":"Den Mellembestemmelse, der frelser den tragiske Helt, har Abraham ikke.","translation":"The intermediate determination that saves the tragic hero, Abraham does not have.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mellembestemmelse","title":"«Mellembestemmelse» — intermediate determination","body":"«Mellembestemmelse» = an in-between or mediating term (Mellem- 'between' + Bestemmelse 'determination/category'). It is the higher ethical end that lets the tragic hero's deed still be read ethically. Abraham lacks it: nothing mediates his act, which is why he cannot be understood, only admired «i en vis afsindig Forstand» (in a certain insane sense). The fronted object «Den Mellembestemmelse … har Abraham ikke» throws the missing thing to the front for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Mellembestemmelse","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Mellembestemmelse","lemma":"mellembestemmelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"intermediate determination","note":"Object fronted for emphasis (OSV word order): Abraham, not 'Mellembestemmelse', is the subject of 'har'."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of frelser","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"frelser","lemma":"frelse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Mellembestemmelse","gloss":"saves"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of frelser","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"problema-i-s33","source":"Derfor er det, at jeg kan forstaae en tragisk Helt, men ikke forstaae Abraham, om jeg end i en vis afsindig Forstand beundrer ham mere end alle Andre.","translation":"That is why I can understand a tragic hero, but cannot understand Abraham, even though in a certain insane sense I admire him more than all others.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"i en vis afsindig Forstand","title":"«afsindig Forstand» — an insane sense","body":"«afsindig» = mad, insane, out of one's mind. The paradox of the narrator's stance: Abraham cannot be understood («forstaae», modern «forstå») — understanding works through the universal — yet he is admired beyond all others, but only «i en vis afsindig Forstand», in a certain insane sense, because admiration of him bursts the bounds of reason. «om … end» = even though / although."}],"words":[{"surface":"Derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"therefore","note":"Cleft construction: 'Derfor er det, at X' = 'That is why X' (lit. 'Therefore is it, that X')."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Derfor","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forstaae","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forstaae","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of det","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tragisk","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forstaae","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with forstaae","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of beundrer","gloss":"even","note":"Split concessive conjunction 'om...end' = 'even though/even if', with other words intervening between the two parts."},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beundrer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"correlates with om","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forstand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forstand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"vis","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Forstand","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"afsindig","lemma":"afsindig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Forstand","gloss":"insane"},{"surface":"Forstand","lemma":"forstand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of beundrer","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"beundrer","lemma":"beundre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on forstaae","gloss":"admire"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of beundrer","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mere","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies beundrer","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Andre","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Andre","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Andre","lemma":"anden","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of end","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"problema-i-s34","source":"Abrahams Forhold til Isaak er ethisk udtrykt ganske simpelt dette, at Faderen skal elske Sønnen højere end sig selv.","translation":"Abraham's relation to Isaac is, ethically expressed, quite simply this: that the father shall love the son more than himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Abrahams","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Forhold","gloss":"Abraham's"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of udtrykt","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Isaak","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Forhold","gloss":"Isaac"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ethisk","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykt","gloss":"ethically"},{"surface":"udtrykt","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"ganske","lemma":"ganske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies simpelt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"simpelt","lemma":"simpel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykt","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of elske","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of elske","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of elske","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"elske","lemma":"elske","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of dette","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"Sønnen","lemma":"søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of elske","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies elske","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of højere","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"problema-i-s35","source":"Dog det Ethiske har indenfor sit eget Omfang adskillige Gradationer; vi ville see, om der i denne Fortælling findes noget saadant højere Udtryk for det Ethiske, der ethisk kan forklare hans Adfærd, ethisk berettige ham til at suspendere den ethiske Forpligtelse mod Sønnen, uden dog derfor at bevæge sig ud over det Ethiskes Teleologi.","translation":"Yet the ethical, within its own compass, has several gradations; we shall see whether in this story there is to be found any such higher expression of the ethical that could ethically explain his conduct, ethically justify him in suspending the ethical obligation toward the son, without thereby moving beyond the teleology of the ethical.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gradationer","title":"«Gradationer» — gradations within the ethical","body":"«det Ethiske har … adskillige Gradationer» — the ethical contains higher and lower expressions of itself (e.g. the tragic hero subordinates one ethical duty to a higher ethical end). Kierkegaard tests whether Abraham fits this: is there a higher ethical expression that justifies him 'uden … at bevæge sig ud over det Ethiskes Teleologi' (without moving beyond the teleology of the ethical)? The answer will be no — which is what makes his case a true teleological suspension. Note «ville see» (older plural verb, modern «vil se»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"Yet"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"indenfor","lemma":"indenfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Omfang","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Omfang","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"eget","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Omfang","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"Omfang","lemma":"omfang","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"compass"},{"surface":"adskillige","lemma":"adskillig","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Gradationer","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"Gradationer","lemma":"gradation","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"gradations"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of see","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of see","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"see","lemma":"see","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of findes","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with findes","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Fortælling","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Fortælling","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Fortælling","lemma":"fortælling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of findes","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"findes","lemma":"findes","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of see","gloss":"is found"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"saadant","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of findes","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Udtryk","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of forklare","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ethisk","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forklare","gloss":"ethically"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forklare","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"forklare","lemma":"forklare","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Udtryk","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Adfærd","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Adfærd","lemma":"adfærd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forklare","gloss":"conduct"},{"surface":"ethisk","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berettige","gloss":"ethically"},{"surface":"berettige","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with forklare","gloss":"justify"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of berettige","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of suspendere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of suspendere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"suspendere","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of berettige","gloss":"suspend"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forpligtelse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Forpligtelse","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"Forpligtelse","lemma":"forpligtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of suspendere","gloss":"obligation"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sønnen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Sønnen","lemma":"søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Forpligtelse","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bevæge","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uden","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uden","gloss":"thereby"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bevæge","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bevæge","lemma":"bevæge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on uden","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of bevæge","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ud","lemma":"ud","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bevæge","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Teleologi","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Teleologi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiskes","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"noun, neuter, genitive","role":"modifies Teleologi","gloss":"the ethical's"},{"surface":"Teleologi","lemma":"teleologi","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of over","gloss":"teleology"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"problema-i-s36","source":"Naar et Foretagende, der er et heelt Folks Bekymring, forhindres, naar en saadan Bedrift standses ved Himlens Unaade, naar den vrede Guddom sender et Blikstille, der spotter alle Anstrengelser, naar Spaamanden fuldkommer sin tunge Gjerning og forkynder, at Guden fordrer en ung Pige som Offer — da skal Faderen heltemodigen bringe dette Offer.","translation":"When an undertaking that is the concern of a whole people is hindered, when such an enterprise is brought to a standstill by the disfavor of heaven, when the angry deity sends a dead calm that mocks all efforts, when the soothsayer carries out his heavy task and proclaims that the god demands a young girl as a sacrifice — then the father shall heroically bring this sacrifice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forhindres","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Foretagende","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Foretagende","lemma":"Foretagende","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of forhindres","gloss":"undertaking"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking der to Bekymring","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Folks","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"heelt","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Folks","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Folks","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Bekymring","gloss":"people's"},{"surface":"Bekymring","lemma":"bekymring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"concern"},{"surface":"forhindres","lemma":"forhindre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"is hindered"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of standses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Bedrift","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadan","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Bedrift","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Bedrift","lemma":"Bedrift","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of standses","gloss":"enterprise"},{"surface":"standses","lemma":"standse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"is halted"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Unaade","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Himlens","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Unaade","gloss":"heaven's"},{"surface":"Unaade","lemma":"unaade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of standses","gloss":"disfavor"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sender","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Guddom","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vrede","lemma":"vred","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular, definite","role":"modifies Guddom","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"Guddom","lemma":"Guddom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sender","gloss":"deity"},{"surface":"sender","lemma":"sende","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Blikstille","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Blikstille","lemma":"blikstille","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sender","gloss":"dead calm","note":"Literally 'sheet-metal-still' (from blik, 'tin/polished metal sheet'), describing water so calm it looks like a mirror-smooth piece of metal — not related to 'blink' (an eye-blink)."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of spotter","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"spotter","lemma":"spotte","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Blikstille","gloss":"mocks"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Anstrengelser","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Anstrengelser","lemma":"Anstrengelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of spotter","gloss":"efforts"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuldkommer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Spaamanden","lemma":"Spaamanden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fuldkommer","gloss":"the soothsayer"},{"surface":"fuldkommer","lemma":"fuldkomme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"carries out"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Gjerning","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tunge","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Gjerning","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Gjerning","lemma":"Gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fuldkommer","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links fuldkommer and forkynder","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"forkynder","lemma":"forkynde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fuldkommer","gloss":"proclaims"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fordrer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Guden","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fordrer","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"fordrer","lemma":"fordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause, object of forkynder","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Pige","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ung","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Pige","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Pige","lemma":"Pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fordrer","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"marks Offer as predicate of Pige","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Offer","lemma":"offer","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement, in apposition to Pige","gloss":"a sacrifice"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the main clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bringe","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"Fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bringe","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"heltemodigen","lemma":"heltemodig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bringe","gloss":"heroically"},{"surface":"bringe","lemma":"bringe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Offer","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Offer","lemma":"offer","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bringe","gloss":"sacrifice"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"problema-i-s37","source":"Høimodig skal han dølge sin Smerte, om han end kunde ønske, han . var ,den ringe Mand, der tør græde,\" ikke Kongen, der maa handle kongeligt.","translation":"Magnanimously he shall conceal his pain, even though he might wish he were 'the lowly man who dares to weep,' not the king who must act royally.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Høimodig","lemma":"høimodig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective, fronted, describes han","gloss":"magnanimously"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dølge","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dølge","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dølge","lemma":"dølge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"conceal"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Smerte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Smerte","lemma":"Smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of dølge","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"concessive particle with om","gloss":"even","note":"'om ... end' together form a concessive idiom meaning 'even though/even if'."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ønske","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ønske","lemma":"ønske","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the om-clause","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"verb of the ønske-clause","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Mand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ringe","lemma":"ring","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Mand","gloss":"lowly"},{"surface":"Mand","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of tør","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of græde","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"græde","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Mand","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Kongen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Kongen","lemma":"konge","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Mand","gloss":"the king"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of maa","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"maa","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of handle","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"handle","lemma":"handle","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Kongen","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"kongeligt","lemma":"kongeligt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies handle","gloss":"royally"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"problema-i-s38","source":"Og trænger Smerten end eensomt ind i hans Bryst, har han kun 3 Medvidere i Folket, snart skal det hele Folk være Medvider i hans Smerte, men ogsaa Medvider i hans Daad, at han for det Heles Vel vilde offre hende, Datteren, den unge deilige Pige.","translation":"And though the pain pierces lonely into his breast, and though he has but three confidants among the people, soon the whole people shall be confidant of his pain, but also confidant of his deed — that for the good of the whole he would sacrifice her, the daughter, the young and lovely girl.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Medvider / det Heles Vel","title":"«Medvider» — fellow-knower; «for det Heles Vel» — for the good of the whole","body":"«Medvider» = one who knows along with another, a confidant (Med- 'with' + Vider 'knower'). The tragic hero's deed is public and shareable: the whole people can be «Medvider», can understand and weep with him, because he acts «for det Heles Vel» — for the good of the whole. This shareability is exactly what Abraham lacks. Note «eensomt» (modern «ensomt», lonely), «deilige» (modern «dejlige», lovely)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trænger","lemma":"trænge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the concessive clause","gloss":"pierces"},{"surface":"Smerten","lemma":"Smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trænger","gloss":"the pain"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"marks the clause as concessive","gloss":"though","note":"Verb-first word order plus 'end' signals a concessive clause ('even though')."},{"surface":"eensomt","lemma":"eensomt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trænger","gloss":"lonely"},{"surface":"ind","lemma":"ind","morphology":"adverb","role":"particle with trænger","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bryst","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Bryst","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Bryst","lemma":"bryst","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the second concessive clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Medvidere","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Medvidere","lemma":"Medvidere","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"confidants"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Folket","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Folket","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skal","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Folk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Folk","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Folk","lemma":"Folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of være","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking Folk to Medvider","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Medvider","lemma":"Medvider","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"confidant"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Smerte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Smerte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Smerte","lemma":"Smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, modifies Medvider","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Medvider","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Medvider","lemma":"Medvider","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Medvider (w22)","gloss":"confidant"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Daad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Daad","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Daad","lemma":"daad","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, modifies Medvider","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining hans Daad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vilde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vel","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Heles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Heles","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective used as noun, genitive, singular","role":"possessor of Vel","gloss":"the whole's","note":"'det Heles' is the genitive of 'det Hele' (the whole/totality), governed by 'for'."},{"surface":"Vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of for","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of offre","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"offre","lemma":"offre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"sacrifice"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of offre","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Datteren","lemma":"datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to hende","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Pige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"unge","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Pige","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"deilige","lemma":"deilig","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Pige","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"Pige","lemma":"pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Datteren","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"problema-i-s39","source":"O Barm! o fagre Kinder, lysegule Haar (v. 68 7.).","translation":"O bosom! o fair cheeks, light-golden hair (v. 687).","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation introducing Barm","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Barm","lemma":"Barm","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"bosom"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation introducing Kinder","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"fagre","lemma":"fager","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Kinder","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Kinder","lemma":"Kinder","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"lysegule","lemma":"lysegul","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Haar","gloss":"light-golden"},{"surface":"Haar","lemma":"haar","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Kinder","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"v.","lemma":"v.","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"citation abbreviation, precedes the verse number","gloss":"verse"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"problema-i-s40","source":"Og Datteren skal røre ham ved sine Taarer, og Faderen skal vende sit Ansigt bort, men Helten skal løfte Kniven.","translation":"And the daughter shall move him with her tears, and the father shall turn his face away, but the hero shall raise the knife.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Datteren","lemma":"datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of røre","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of røre","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"røre","lemma":"røre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of røre","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Taarer","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, plural, reflexive","role":"determiner of Taarer","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of ved","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vende","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vende","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"vende","lemma":"vende","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with røre","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Ansigt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Ansigt","lemma":"Ansigt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vende","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"particle with vende","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Helten","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of løfte","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of løfte","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"løfte","lemma":"løfte","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vende","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"Kniven","lemma":"kniv","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of løfte","gloss":"the knife"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"problema-i-s41","source":"— Naar da Efterretningen derom naaer det fædrene Hjem, da skal Grækenlands skjønne Piger rødme af Begeistring, og hvis Datteren var Brud, da skal den Trolovede ikke vredes, men være stolt af at deeltage i Faderens Daad, fordi Pigen tilhørte ham ømmere end hun tilhørte Faderen.","translation":"— When the tidings of it reach the ancestral home, then the fair maidens of Greece shall flush with enthusiasm, and if the daughter was a bride, then the betrothed shall not grow angry, but be proud to share in the father's deed, because the girl belonged to him more tenderly than she belonged to the father.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Daad","title":"«Faderens Daad» — the father's deed","body":"«Daad» (modern «dåd») = a deed, an exploit, a noble act — a recurring word for the tragic hero's sacrifice, which others can admire and even take pride in sharing. The em-dash «—» opening the sentence continues the heroic tableau. Note «Efterretningen» (the tidings/news), «fædrene Hjem» (ancestral home), «Trolovede» (the betrothed), «deeltage» (modern «deltage», to take part)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of naaer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"resumptive particle, modifies naaer","gloss":"then","note":"Stylistic reinforcement ('when...then') common in 19th-century Danish; not separately rendered in the translation."},{"surface":"Efterretningen","lemma":"Efterretning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of naaer","gloss":"the tidings"},{"surface":"derom","lemma":"derom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Efterretningen","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"naaer","lemma":"naae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"reaches"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Hjem","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fædrene","lemma":"fædrene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Hjem","gloss":"ancestral"},{"surface":"Hjem","lemma":"hjem","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of naaer","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the main clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rødme","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"Grækenlands","lemma":"Grækenland","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Piger","gloss":"Greece's"},{"surface":"skjønne","lemma":"skjøn","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Piger","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Piger","lemma":"pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of rødme","gloss":"maidens"},{"surface":"rødme","lemma":"rødme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flush"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Begeistring","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Begeistring","lemma":"begeistring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of af","gloss":"enthusiasm"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Datteren","lemma":"datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Datteren to Brud","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Brud","lemma":"brud","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"a bride"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the main clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vredes","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Trolovede","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Trolovede","lemma":"trolovet","morphology":"adjective/participle used as noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of vredes","gloss":"betrothed","note":"Substantivized past participle: 'the betrothed one' (fiancé/fiancée)."},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vredes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vredes","lemma":"vredes","morphology":"verb, infinitive, deponent","role":"main verb, governed by skal","gloss":"grow angry"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vredes, governed by skal","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"stolt","lemma":"stolt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause, complement of stolt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"infinitive marker with deeltage","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"deeltage","lemma":"deeltage","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of stolt","gloss":"share"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Daad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Faderens","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Daad","gloss":"the father's"},{"surface":"Daad","lemma":"daad","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tilhørte","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Pigen","lemma":"pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilhørte","gloss":"the girl"},{"surface":"tilhørte","lemma":"tilhøre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the fordi-clause","gloss":"belonged"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"object of tilhørte","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ømmere","lemma":"øm","morphology":"adjective, common gender, comparative","role":"modifies tilhørte","gloss":"more tenderly"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilhørte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"tilhørte","lemma":"tilhøre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"verb of the end-clause","gloss":"belonged"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"Fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of tilhørte","gloss":"to the father"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"problema-i-s42","source":"Naar den kjække Dommer, der frelste Israel i Nødens Stund, i eet Aandedrag binder Gud og sig selv ved det samme.","translation":"When the valiant judge who saved Israel in the hour of need, in one breath binds God and himself by the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of binder","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Dommer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kjække","lemma":"kjæk","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular, definite","role":"modifies Dommer","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"Dommer","lemma":"Dommer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of binder","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of frelste","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"frelste","lemma":"frelse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Dommer","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"Israel","lemma":"Israel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of frelste","gloss":"Israel"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stund","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Nødens","lemma":"nød","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Stund","gloss":"of need"},{"surface":"Stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Aandedrag","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"eet","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Aandedrag","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Aandedrag","lemma":"aandedrag","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies binder","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"binder","lemma":"binde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"binds"},{"surface":"Gud","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of binder","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"coordinated with Gud","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun, intensifier","role":"intensifies sig","gloss":"self","note":"'sig selv' together = 'himself' (reflexive pronoun + intensifier)."},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking samme","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of samme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"samme","lemma":"samme","morphology":"adjective","role":"object of ved, modifies binder","gloss":"same"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"problema-i-s43","source":"Løfte, da skal han heltemodigen forvandle den unge Piges Jubel, den elskede Datters Glæde til Sorg, og hele Israel skal sørge med hende over hendes jomfruelige Ungdom; men enhver fribaaren Mand Frygt og Bæven.","translation":"Vow, then he shall heroically transform the young girl's rejoicing, the beloved daughter's joy, into sorrow, and all Israel shall mourn with her over her maidenly youth; but every freeborn man Fear and Trembling.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"tutorial","term":"Frygt og Bæven. 3. Udg. 5","title":"A printed running-head spliced into the text","body":"The words «Frygt og Bæven» (the book's title) and, in the next sentence, «3. Udg. 5», are a running header and page signature from the printed 3rd edition («3. Udg.» = '3rd edition', «5» = a page/sheet number) that the cleaning swept into the prose mid-sentence. They are not Kierkegaard's words but are preserved verbatim so the joined sources reproduce the chunk. The real sentence runs «… enhver fribaaren Mand [skal] forstaae …» across this artifact. «Løfte» here resumes the vow from the prior sentence; «fribaaren» = freeborn."}],"words":[{"surface":"Løfte","lemma":"Løfte","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vow","note":"Fragment continuing a sentence about Jephtha's vow (Judges 11)."},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the main clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forvandle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forvandle","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"heltemodigen","lemma":"heltemodig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forvandle","gloss":"heroically"},{"surface":"forvandle","lemma":"forvandle","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"transform"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Piges","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"unge","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Piges","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Piges","lemma":"pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Jubel","gloss":"girl's"},{"surface":"Jubel","lemma":"jubel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forvandle","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Glæde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"elskede","lemma":"elske","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Datters","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"Datters","lemma":"datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Glæde","gloss":"daughter's"},{"surface":"Glæde","lemma":"glæde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Jubel, direct object of forvandle","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sorg","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Sorg","lemma":"Sorg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of til","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Israel","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Israel","lemma":"Israel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sørge","gloss":"Israel"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sørge","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"sørge","lemma":"sørge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with forvandle","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hende","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"object of med","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ungdom","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hendes","lemma":"hendes","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Ungdom","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"jomfruelige","lemma":"jomfruelig","morphology":"adjective, singular, definite","role":"modifies Ungdom","gloss":"maidenly"},{"surface":"Ungdom","lemma":"ungdom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of over","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Mand","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"fribaaren","lemma":"fribaaren","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Mand","gloss":"freeborn"},{"surface":"Mand","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the elliptical clause (verb elided)","gloss":"man","note":"The verb is elided; supply 'shall feel' — this line echoes the book's title, Frygt og Bæven (Fear and Trembling)."},{"surface":"Frygt","lemma":"frygt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"elliptical object, coordinated with Bæven","gloss":"Fear"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Bæven","lemma":"Bæven","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Frygt","gloss":"Trembling"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"problema-i-s44","source":"3. Udg. 5 skal forstaae, enhver behjertet Qvinde beundre Jephtah, og enhver Jomfru i Israel skal ønske at handle som hans Datter; thi hvad hjalp det, at Jephtah seirede ved sit Løfte, naar han ikke holdt det, skulde da Seiren' ikke atter tages fra Folket?","translation":"shall understand, every stout-hearted woman admire Jephthah, and every maiden in Israel shall wish to act as his daughter did; for what would it have availed that Jephthah triumphed by his vow, if he had not kept it — should not the victory then be taken from the people again?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"holdt … Løfte / Seiren tages fra Folket","title":"Keeping the vow — the ethical ground of Jephthah's act","body":"The logic that keeps Jephthah inside the ethical: his vow («Løfte») bound the whole people's fate; not to keep it would forfeit the God-given victory («Seiren … tages fra Folket»). His sacrifice is therefore intelligible and admirable to all Israel — unlike Abraham's, which binds no one but himself. Note «behjertet» (stout-hearted), «Qvinde» (modern «kvinde», with period «Qv»), «seirede» (modern «sejrede»), «Seiren'» (with the apostrophe an OCR artifact, modern «sejren»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Udg","lemma":"Udgave","morphology":"abbreviation (editorial artifact)","role":"stray footnote/edition marker, not part of the sentence","gloss":"[ed. note]","note":"Likely a stray footnote/edition marker (\"3. Udg.\" = 3rd edition) accidentally merged into the source text during transcription; it plays no grammatical role in the sentence, hence it is not rendered in the translation."},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Qvinde","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"behjertet","lemma":"behjertet","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Qvinde","gloss":"stout-hearted"},{"surface":"Qvinde","lemma":"Qvinde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beundre","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"beundre","lemma":"beundre","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, active","role":"verb of the clause coordinated with forstaae (that every woman admire Jephthah)","gloss":"admire","note":"Bare subjunctive form after an implied \"at\" (that), a 19th-century construction: \"[at] Qvinde beundre\" = \"[that] the woman admire.\""},{"surface":"Jephtah","lemma":"Jephtah","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of beundre","gloss":"Jephthah"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Jomfru","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Jomfru","lemma":"jomfru","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ønske","gloss":"maiden"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Israel","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Israel","lemma":"Israel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of preposition i, modifies Jomfru","gloss":"Israel"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ønske","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ønske","lemma":"ønske","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"verb of the clause coordinated with beundre's clause","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of handle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"handle","lemma":"handle","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of ønske","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the comparison clause with handle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Datter","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Datter","lemma":"Datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of the comparison introduced by som","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the following clause (explanatory)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate expression with hjalp (idiom: hvad hjalp det = what use was it)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hjalp","lemma":"hjælpe","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by thi","gloss":"availed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hjalp (dummy, refers forward to the at-clause)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of seirede","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Jephtah","lemma":"Jephtah","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of seirede","gloss":"Jephthah"},{"surface":"seirede","lemma":"seire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"verb of the at-clause (logical subject of hjalp)","gloss":"triumphed"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Løfte","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Løfte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Løfte","lemma":"Løfte","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of seirede","gloss":"vow"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of holdt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of holdt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies holdt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"holdt","lemma":"holde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"verb of the conditional clause introduced by naar","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of holdt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tages, modal in the question clause","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tages","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Seiren","lemma":"Seier","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of tages","gloss":"the victory"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tages","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"atter","lemma":"atter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tages","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"tages","lemma":"tage","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the interrogative clause","gloss":"be taken"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Folket","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Folket","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of tages","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"problema-i-s45","source":"Naar en Søn forglemmer sin Pligt, naar Staten betroer Faderen Dommersværdet, naar Lovene kræve Straffen af Faderens Haand, da skal Faderen heltemodigen glemme, at den Skyldige er hans Søn, han skal højimodigen skjule sin Smerte, men der skal ikke være en Eneste i Folket, end ikke Sønnen, uden at han beundrer Faderen, og hver Gang Roms Love blive fortolkede, skal det mindes, at Mangen fortolkede dem lærdere, men Ingen herligere end Brutus.","translation":"When a son forgets his duty, when the state entrusts the father with the sword of judgment, when the laws demand punishment at the father's hand, then the father shall heroically forget that the guilty one is his son, he shall magnanimously hide his pain, but there shall not be a single soul among the people, not even the son, who does not admire the father; and every time the laws of Rome are interpreted, it shall be remembered that many interpreted them more learnedly, but none more gloriously than Brutus.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forglemmer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Søn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Søn","lemma":"Søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forglemmer","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"forglemmer","lemma":"forglemme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the first naar-clause","gloss":"forgets"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Pligt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Pligt","lemma":"Pligt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forglemmer","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of betroer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Staten","lemma":"stat","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of betroer","gloss":"the state"},{"surface":"betroer","lemma":"betroe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second naar-clause","gloss":"entrusts"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"indirect object of betroer","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"Dommersværdet","lemma":"Dommersværd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of betroer","gloss":"the sword of judgment"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kræve","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Lovene","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural, definite","role":"subject of kræve","gloss":"the laws"},{"surface":"kræve","lemma":"kræve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the third naar-clause","gloss":"demand"},{"surface":"Straffen","lemma":"straf","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of kræve","gloss":"the punishment"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Haand","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Faderens","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular, definite","role":"possessor of Haand","gloss":"the father's"},{"surface":"Haand","lemma":"haand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition af","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glemme (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glemme","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of glemme","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"heltemodigen","lemma":"heltemodig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glemme","gloss":"heroically"},{"surface":"glemme","lemma":"glemme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"forget"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause den Skyldige er hans Søn (object of glemme)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Skyldige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Skyldige","lemma":"skyldig","morphology":"adjective used as noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of er","gloss":"guilty one"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Søn","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Søn","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Søn","lemma":"Søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skjule","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skjule","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"højimodigen","lemma":"højimodig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skjule","gloss":"magnanimously"},{"surface":"skjule","lemma":"skjule","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb, second clause coordinated with glemme","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Smerte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Smerte","lemma":"Smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skjule","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive subject of være (there)","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the existential clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Eneste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Eneste","lemma":"eneste","morphology":"adjective used as noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"single soul"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Folket","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Folket","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of Eneste","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb (idiom: end ikke)","role":"part of idiom end ikke (not even), modifies Sønnen","gloss":"even","note":"\"end ikke\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"not even.\""},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of idiom end ikke, modifies Sønnen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Sønnen","lemma":"søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"in apposition to Eneste (not even the son)","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of beundrer (uden at = without ... -ing)","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of beundrer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beundrer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"beundrer","lemma":"beundre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the clause introduced by uden at (relative: who does not admire)","gloss":"admires"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of beundrer","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hver","lemma":"hver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Gang (hver Gang = every time)","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Gang","lemma":"Gang","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of temporal phrase hver Gang, introduces the clause blive fortolkede","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Roms","lemma":"Rom","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Love (Rome's laws)","gloss":"Rome's"},{"surface":"Love","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of blive fortolkede","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of fortolkede (passive)","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"fortolkede","lemma":"fortolke","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural","role":"main verb of the temporal clause (passive)","gloss":"interpreted"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mindes","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of mindes (dummy, refers forward to the at-clause)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mindes","lemma":"mindes","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"be remembered"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fortolkede","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Mangen","lemma":"mangen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortolkede","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"fortolkede","lemma":"fortolke","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"verb of the at-clause (logical subject of mindes)","gloss":"interpreted"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of fortolkede","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"lærdere","lemma":"lærd","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies fortolkede","gloss":"more learnedly"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the contrastive clause","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of elided fortolkede (none [interpreted them])","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"herligere","lemma":"herlig","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies elided fortolkede","gloss":"more gloriously"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the comparison with Brutus","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"Brutus","lemma":"Brutus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of comparison (than Brutus [did])","gloss":"Brutus"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"problema-i-s46","source":"Hvis derimod Agamemnon, medeus en gunstig Vind fører Flaaden for fulde Seil til sit Maal, vilde have afsendt hiint Bud, der hentede Iphigenia, for at offre hende; hvis Jephtah, uden at være bunden ved noget Løfte, der afgjorde Folkets Skjæbne, vilde have sagt til Datteren: sørg nu i to Maaneder over Din korte Ungdom, da vil jeg offre Dig; hvis Brutus havde havt en retfærdig Søn, og dog vilde have kaldt ad Lictorerne for at henrette ham — hvo skulde da have forstaaet dem?","translation":"If, on the other hand, Agamemnon, while a favorable wind bore the fleet at full sail to its goal, had sent off that messenger to fetch Iphigenia in order to sacrifice her; if Jephthah, without being bound by any vow that decided the people's fate, had said to his daughter: mourn now for two months over your brief youth, then I will sacrifice you; if Brutus had had a righteous son, and yet had called for the lictors to put him to death — who then would have understood them?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hvo skulde da have forstaaet dem","title":"«hvo» — who (archaic)","body":"«hvo» is the old, elevated form of «hvem» (who), surviving in proverbs and biblical Danish. The whole sentence runs three counterfactuals («Hvis … hvis … hvis …»): strip each hero of his public, ethical ground and the deed becomes incomprehensible. The point: it is precisely the mediating ethical end that makes the tragic hero understandable — Abraham has none. Note «medeus» (an OCR slip for «medens», while), «hiint Bud» (that messenger), «Lictorerne» (the Roman lictors, attendants who carried out punishments)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause (main verb vilde have afsendt)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"derimod","lemma":"derimod","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the whole clause (on the other hand)","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"Agamemnon","lemma":"Agamemnon","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vilde have afsendt","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"medeus","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the while-clause (fører)","gloss":"while","note":"Almost certainly an OCR/transcription error for \"medens\" (\"while\"), matching the translation's \"while a favorable wind bore the fleet...\"."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Vind","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gunstig","lemma":"gunstig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Vind","gloss":"favorable"},{"surface":"Vind","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fører","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"fører","lemma":"føre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the while-clause introduced by medens","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Flaaden","lemma":"flaade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of fører","gloss":"the fleet"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Seil (idiom: for fulde Seil = at full sail)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fulde","lemma":"fuld","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Seil","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"Seil","lemma":"Seil","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fører","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maal","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Maal","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Maal","lemma":"maal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition til","gloss":"goal"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of afsendt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of afsendt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"afsendt","lemma":"afsende","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the main conditional clause (vilde have afsendt)","gloss":"sent off"},{"surface":"hiint","lemma":"hiin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, demonstrative","role":"determiner of Bud","gloss":"that","note":"Archaic demonstrative \"hiin/hiint\" (\"that/yon\"), obsolete in modern Danish."},{"surface":"Bud","lemma":"bud","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of afsendt","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hentede","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hentede","lemma":"hente","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Bud","gloss":"fetched"},{"surface":"Iphigenia","lemma":"Iphigenia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of hentede","gloss":"Iphigenia"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of offre (for at = in order to)","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of offre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"offre","lemma":"offre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying afsendt","gloss":"sacrifice"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of offre","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second conditional clause (main verb vilde have sagt)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Jephtah","lemma":"Jephtah","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vilde have sagt","gloss":"Jephthah"},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bunden (uden at = without ... -ing)","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bunden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to bunden","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"bunden","lemma":"binde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of være, relative clause on Jephtah","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Løfte","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Løfte","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"Løfte","lemma":"Løfte","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bunden","gloss":"vow"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of afgjorde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"afgjorde","lemma":"afgjøre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Løfte","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"Folkets","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular, definite","role":"possessor of Skjæbne","gloss":"the people's"},{"surface":"Skjæbne","lemma":"skjæbne","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of afgjorde","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the second conditional clause (vilde have sagt)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Datteren","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Datteren","lemma":"datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of sagt","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"sørg","lemma":"sørge","morphology":"verb, imperative","role":"imperative verb, main verb of the quoted speech (direct object of sagt)","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sørg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maaneder (for two months)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"to","lemma":"to","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies Maaneder","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Maaneder","lemma":"Maaned","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sørg","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ungdom","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Din","lemma":"din","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Ungdom","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"korte","lemma":"kort","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Ungdom","gloss":"brief"},{"surface":"Ungdom","lemma":"ungdom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition over","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vil (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of offre","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of offre","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"offre","lemma":"offre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb (jeg vil offre Dig)","gloss":"sacrifice"},{"surface":"Dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of offre","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the third conditional clause (main verb vilde have kaldt)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Brutus","lemma":"Brutus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of havde havt","gloss":"Brutus"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of havt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"havt","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the third conditional clause (havde havt = had had)","gloss":"had","note":"Archaic spelling of \"haft\" (past participle of \"have\")."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Søn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"retfærdig","lemma":"retfærdig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Søn","gloss":"righteous"},{"surface":"Søn","lemma":"Søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of havt","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vilde","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kaldt, coordinated with havde havt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of kaldt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"kaldt","lemma":"kalde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb (vilde have kaldt = would have called)","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lictorerne (kalde ad = call for/summon)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Lictorerne","lemma":"lictor","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural, definite","role":"oblique complement of kaldt","gloss":"the lictors"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of henrette (for at = in order to)","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of henrette","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"henrette","lemma":"henrette","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying kaldt","gloss":"put to death"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of henrette","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hvo","lemma":"hvo","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of have forstaaet","gloss":"who","note":"Archaic Danish interrogative pronoun \"hvo\" (\"who\"), replaced by \"hvem\" in modern Danish."},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of have forstaaet (modal)","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies have forstaaet (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of forstaaet","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"forstaaet","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the question (hvo skulde ... have forstaaet dem)","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of forstaaet","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"problema-i-s47","source":"Hvis disse tre Mænd paa det Spørgsmaal, hvorfor de gjorde det, havde svaret: det er en Prøvelse, i hvilken vi forsøges, skulde man da have forstaaet dem bedre?","translation":"If these three men, to the question why they did it, had answered: it is an ordeal in which we are being tested — would one then have understood them any better?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Prøvelse","title":"«en Prøvelse, i hvilken vi forsøges» — an ordeal / test","body":"«Prøvelse» = an ordeal, a trial, a testing (related to «prøve», to test). To answer 'it is an ordeal in which we are tested' would make the tragic heroes LESS intelligible, not more — because that answer points away from the universal. Yet this is exactly the category that fits Abraham: God's «Prøvelse» of his faith. The word returns below where Abraham's act is named «en Prøvelse, en Fristelse»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause (main verb havde svaret)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Mænd","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies Mænd","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"Mænd","lemma":"mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of havde svaret","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Spørgsmaal (to the question)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Spørgsmaal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Spørgsmaal","lemma":"spørgsmaal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition paa","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"hvorfor","lemma":"hvorfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"gøre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Spørgsmaal (why they did it)","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of svaret","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svaret","lemma":"svare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the conditional clause (havde svaret)","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Prøvelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Prøvelse","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Prøvelse","lemma":"Prøvelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"ordeal"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hvilken, introduces relative clause on Prøvelse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hvilken","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, relative, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition i, refers to Prøvelse","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of forsøges","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"forsøges","lemma":"forsøge","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Prøvelse","gloss":"are tested"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of have forstaaet (modal in the final question)","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of have forstaaet","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies have forstaaet (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of forstaaet","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"forstaaet","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the question (skulde man da have forstaaet dem bedre)","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of forstaaet","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"bedre","lemma":"god","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies forstaaet","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"problema-i-s48","source":"Naar Agamemnon, Jephtah, Brutus i det afgjørende Øieblik heltemodigen overvinder Smerten, heltemodigen har tabt det Elskede og blot skal fuldkomme Gjerningen i det Ydre, da skal der aldrig være en adelig Sjæl i Verden, uden at han har Medlidenhedens Taarer for deres Smerte, Beundringens for deres Daad.","translation":"When Agamemnon, Jephthah, Brutus at the decisive moment heroically overcome their pain, have heroically lost what they loved and have only to carry out the deed outwardly, then there shall never be a noble soul in the world who has not tears of compassion for their pain, tears of admiration for their deed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Medlidenhedens Taarer / Beundringens","title":"«Medlidenhed» and «Beundring» — compassion and admiration","body":"The tragic hero draws two responses from every noble soul: «Medlidenhedens Taarer» (tears of compassion) for his pain and «Beundringens [Taarer]» (tears of admiration) for his deed — the elliptical second «Beundringens» borrows «Taarer» from the first. Both responses presuppose that we understand him. Abraham, by contrast, can be admired only «i en vis afsindig Forstand». «det afgjørende Øieblik» = the decisive moment; «fuldkomme Gjerningen i det Ydre» = complete the deed outwardly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of overvinder","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Agamemnon","lemma":"Agamemnon","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of overvinder, coordinated with Jephtah, Brutus","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Jephtah","lemma":"Jephtah","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Agamemnon (subject of overvinder)","gloss":"Jephthah"},{"surface":"Brutus","lemma":"Brutus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Agamemnon (subject of overvinder)","gloss":"Brutus"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øieblik","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"afgjørende","lemma":"afgjørende","morphology":"adjective, present participle","role":"modifies Øieblik","gloss":"decisive"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"Øieblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"heltemodigen","lemma":"heltemodig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies overvinder","gloss":"heroically"},{"surface":"overvinder","lemma":"overvinde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"overcome"},{"surface":"Smerten","lemma":"smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of overvinder","gloss":"their pain"},{"surface":"heltemodigen","lemma":"heltemodig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tabt","gloss":"heroically"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tabt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tabt","lemma":"tabe","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"second main verb of the naar-clause, coordinated with overvinder","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Elskede","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Elskede","lemma":"elske","morphology":"adjective used as noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of tabt","gloss":"beloved","note":"Substantivized past participle \"det Elskede\" = \"the thing/one loved,\" rendered idiomatically as \"what they loved.\""},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blot","lemma":"blot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skal","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fuldkomme, coordinated with har","gloss":"have to"},{"surface":"fuldkomme","lemma":"fuldkomme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on skal","gloss":"carry out"},{"surface":"Gjerningen","lemma":"gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of fuldkomme","gloss":"the deed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ydre (idiom: i det Ydre = outwardly)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ydre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ydre","lemma":"ydre","morphology":"adjective used as noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"exterior","note":"\"i det Ydre\" is an idiom meaning \"outwardly.\""},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive subject of være (there)","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the existential clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Sjæl","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"adelig","lemma":"adelig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Sjæl","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Sjæl","lemma":"sjæl","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"the world"},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of har (uden at = without ... -ing)","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by uden at (relative: who has)","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Medlidenhedens","lemma":"medlidenhed","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular, definite","role":"possessor of Taarer","gloss":"of compassion"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"Taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Smerte","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"deres","lemma":"deres","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Smerte","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Smerte","lemma":"Smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition for","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"Beundringens","lemma":"beundring","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular, definite","role":"possessor of elided Taarer (Beundringens [Taarer] = tears of admiration)","gloss":"of admiration"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Daad","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"deres","lemma":"deres","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Daad","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Daad","lemma":"Daad","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition for","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"problema-i-s49","source":"Hvis derimod disse tre Mænd i det afgjørende Øieblik til det Heltemod, med hvilket de bar Smerten, ville føje det lille Ord: det skeer dog ikke — hvo skulde da forstaae dem?","translation":"If, on the other hand, these three men at the decisive moment were to add to the heroism with which they bore their pain the little word: yet it will not happen — who then would understand them?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det skeer dog ikke","title":"«det skeer dog ikke» — yet it will not happen","body":"The 'little word' that would make even the tragic heroes incomprehensible: «det skeer dog ikke» (modern «det sker dog ikke»), 'yet it will not happen' — i.e. they would carry out the sacrifice and still believe the loved one would not be lost. That double movement (giving up and yet expecting to receive back) is Abraham's faith «i Kraft af det Absurde», and it cannot be understood, only believed. «føje … til» = to add to."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of føje","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"derimod","lemma":"derimod","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies føje","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Mænd","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies Mænd","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"Mænd","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of føje","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øieblik","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"afgjørende","lemma":"afgøre","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"modifies Øieblik","gloss":"decisive"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"Øieblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies føje","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Heltemod","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Heltemod","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Heltemod","lemma":"Heltemod","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of til, modifies føje","gloss":"heroism"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hvilket","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of bar","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"bære","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Heltemod","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Smerten","lemma":"Smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bar","gloss":"the pain"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of føje","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"føje","lemma":"føje","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"add"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ord","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Ord","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Ord","lemma":"Ord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of føje","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skeer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skeer","lemma":"skee","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the quoted clause, in apposition to Ord","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skeer","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skeer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hvo","lemma":"hvo","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of skulde","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of skulde","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"problema-i-s50","source":"Hvis de som en Forklaring tilføjede: det troe vi i Kraft af det Absurde, hvo skulde da bedre forstaae dem, thi hvo skulde ikke let forstaae, at det var absurdt, men hvo skulde forstaae, at man saa kunde troe det?","translation":"If by way of explanation they added: this we believe by virtue of the absurd — who then would understand them better? For who would not easily understand that it was absurd; but who would understand that one could then believe it?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det troe vi i Kraft af det Absurde","title":"«det troe vi i Kraft af det Absurde» — this we believe by virtue of the absurd","body":"The crux of the chapter, put as a dilemma: anyone can understand that the thing is absurd; what no one can understand is how, knowing it absurd, one could still BELIEVE it. That impossible 'still believing' is faith. «troe» is the older spelling/plural of modern «tror/tro» (believe). Note the contrast: «forstaae» (to understand — works through the universal) versus «troe» (to believe — leaps the absurd)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tilføjede","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tilføjede","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forklaring","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forklaring","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Forklaring","lemma":"Forklaring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tilføjede","gloss":"explanation"},{"surface":"tilføjede","lemma":"tilføje","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"added"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of troe, fronted","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"troe","lemma":"troe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of troe","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kraft, part of the idiom i Kraft af (by virtue of)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"Kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, modifies troe","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Absurde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Absurde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Absurde","lemma":"Absurde","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of af, modifies Kraft","gloss":"absurd","note":"\"the Absurd\" is Kierkegaard's term for what faith holds to beyond reason; Abraham believes \"by virtue of the absurd.\""},{"surface":"hvo","lemma":"hvo","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of skulde","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"bedre","lemma":"god","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies forstaae","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of skulde","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skulde","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hvo","lemma":"hvo","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of skulde","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies let","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forstaae","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of skulde","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to absurdt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"absurdt","lemma":"absurd","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"complement of var","gloss":"absurd"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hvo","lemma":"hvo","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of skulde","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of skulde","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kunde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of troe","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"troe","lemma":"troe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kunde","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of troe","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"problema-i-s51","source":"Forskjellen mellem den tragiske Helt og Abraham er let iøinefaldende.","translation":"The difference between the tragic hero and Abraham is easily evident.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"iøinefaldende","title":"«iøinefaldende» — striking / conspicuous","body":"«iøinefaldende» (modern «iøjnefaldende») = literally 'falling into the eye,' i.e. conspicuous, obvious, striking. The period spelling keeps «øi» where modern Danish writes «øj». «Forskjellen» (modern «forskellen», the difference) shows the «kj» orthography. This sentence pivots the argument from the tragic heroes back to Abraham."}],"words":[{"surface":"Forskjellen","lemma":"Forskjel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"The difference"},{"surface":"mellem","lemma":"mellem","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Helt","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of mellem","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Helt","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to iøinefaldende","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies iøinefaldende","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"iøinefaldende","lemma":"iøinefaldende","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"evident"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"problema-i-s52","source":"Den tragiske Helt bliver endnu indenfor det Etliske.","translation":"The tragic hero still remains within the ethical.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"tutorial","term":"det Etliske","title":"«det Etliske» — a misprint of «det Ethiske»","body":"«det Etliske» is a typo in the old edition for «det Ethiske» (the ethical) — kept verbatim per the source. The thesis it states is central: the tragic hero never leaves the ethical; his higher end is itself an ethical expression. Abraham, by contrast, steps wholly outside the ethical, which is what the 'teleological suspension' names."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bliver","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"endnu","lemma":"endnu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bliver","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"indenfor","lemma":"indenfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Etliske","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Etliske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Etliske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of indenfor","gloss":"ethical","note":"\"Etliske\" appears to be a scanning slip for \"Ethiske\" (\"the ethical\"), the term used consistently elsewhere in this text."}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"problema-i-s53","source":"Han lader et Udtryk af det Ethiske have sit z+4os i et højere Udtryk af det Ethiske, han nedsætter det ethiske Forhold. mellem Fader og Søn eller Datter og Fader til en Følelse, der har -sin Dialektik i sit Forhold til Sædelighedens Idee.","translation":"He lets one expression of the ethical have its télos in a higher expression of the ethical; he reduces the ethical relation between father and son, or daughter and father, to a feeling that has its dialectic in its relation to the idea of ethical life.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Sædelighedens Idee","title":"«Sædelighedens Idee» — the idea of ethical life","body":"«Sædelighedens Idee» = the idea of Sittlichkeit (concrete ethical life — state, people, law). The tragic hero's télos («z+4os» is the OCR-garbled Greek τέλος again) stays inside the ethical: one ethical expression yields to a higher ethical expression, and the father-child bond is subordinated to the idea of ethical life. The stray period in «Forhold. mellem» and the stray hyphen in «-sin» are OCR artifacts, kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of af, modifies Udtryk","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of lader","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of z+4os","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"z+4os","lemma":"Telos","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of have","gloss":"telos","note":"\"z+4os\" is a scan corruption of \"Telos\" (Kierkegaard's Greek term for a thing's goal or end), rendered \"télos\" in the translation."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udtryk","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies have","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of af, modifies Udtryk","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nedsætter","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nedsætter","lemma":"nedsætte","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"reduces"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Forhold","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of nedsætter","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"mellem","lemma":"mellem","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Fader","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"Fader","lemma":"Fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of mellem","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Søn","lemma":"Søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Fader","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Datter","lemma":"Datter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Søn","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Fader","lemma":"Fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Datter","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Følelse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Følelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Følelse","lemma":"Følelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of til, modifies nedsætter","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of har","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Følelse","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"-sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Dialektik","gloss":"its","note":"the leading hyphen is a printing artifact; \"sin\" is simply the reflexive possessive \"its.\""},{"surface":"Dialektik","lemma":"Dialektik","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"dialectic"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies har","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Idee","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Sædelighedens","lemma":"Sædelighed","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Idee","gloss":"of ethical life"},{"surface":"Idee","lemma":"Idee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of til","gloss":"idea"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"problema-i-s54","source":"Der kan da ikke her være Tale om en teleologisk Suspension af selve det Ethiske.","translation":"There can be no question here, then, of a teleological suspension of the ethical itself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with være","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"her","lemma":"her","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Tale","lemma":"Tale","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of være","gloss":"question","note":"\"være Tale om\" is an idiom meaning \"there is/can be a question of.\""},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Suspension","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Suspension","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"teleologisk","lemma":"teleologisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Suspension","gloss":"teleological"},{"surface":"Suspension","lemma":"Suspension","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of om, modifies Tale","gloss":"suspension"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"selve","lemma":"selve","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Ethiske","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of af, modifies Suspension","gloss":"ethical"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"problema-i-s55","source":"Med Abraham forholder det sig anderledes.","translation":"With Abraham it is otherwise.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of forholder","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"forholder","lemma":"forholde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands","note":"\"forholde sig\" is a reflexive idiom roughly meaning \"to be/to stand\" (as in \"the matter stands otherwise\")."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of forholder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of forholder","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"anderledes","lemma":"anderledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forholder","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"problema-i-s56","source":"Han overskred ved sin Gjerning hele det Ethiske, og havde et højere rsios udenfor, i Forhold til hvilket han suspenderede dette.","translation":"By his deed he overstepped the whole of the ethical, and had a higher télos outside it, in relation to which he suspended it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"overskred … hele det Ethiske","title":"«overskred» — overstepped the whole ethical","body":"«overskred» (past tense of «overskride», to overstep/transgress) names exactly what the tragic hero does NOT do: Abraham steps clean over «hele det Ethiske» (the whole of the ethical) toward a higher télos («rsios» = the garbled Greek τέλος) that lies OUTSIDE the ethical — namely his absolute relation to God. This 'higher télos outside' is the very thing the suspension requires."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of overskred","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"overskred","lemma":"overskride","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"overstepped"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gjerning","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Gjerning","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Gjerning","lemma":"Gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ved, modifies overskred","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Ethiske","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of overskred","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with overskred","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of rsios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies rsios","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"rsios","lemma":"Telos","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of havde","gloss":"telos","note":"\"rsios\" is another scan corruption of \"Telos\" (Greek τέλος), the same word garbled as \"z+4os\" earlier in this Problema."},{"surface":"udenfor","lemma":"udenfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies havde","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies suspenderede","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hvilket","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of suspenderede","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suspenderede","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"suspenderede","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on rsios","gloss":"suspended"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of suspenderede","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"problema-i-s57","source":"Thi jeg gad dog nok vide, hvorledes man vil bringe Abrahams Gjerning i Forhold til det Almene, om der lader sig opdage nogensomhelst anden Berøring mellem det, Abraham gjorde, og det Almene end den, at Abraham overtraadte det.","translation":"For I should rather like to know how one would bring Abraham's deed into relation with the universal, whether any other point of contact at all could be discovered between what Abraham did and the universal than this: that Abraham transgressed it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Berøring / overtraadte","title":"«Berøring» — point of contact; «overtraadte» — transgressed","body":"«Berøring» = a touching, point of contact. Kierkegaard's challenge: Abraham's deed touches the universal at exactly one point — that he «overtraadte det» (transgressed it). There is no positive ethical relation to be found, which is why the deed is incommensurable. «jeg gad dog nok vide» = 'I should rather like to know' (a slightly ironic idiom); «nogensomhelst» = any whatsoever."}],"words":[{"surface":"Thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gad","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gad","lemma":"gide","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vide","gloss":"would like","note":"\"gide\" (here \"gad\") is an old modal meaning \"to care to / be bothered to.\""},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vide","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vide","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vide","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of bringe","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of bringe","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bringe","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bringe","lemma":"bringe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vide","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"Abrahams","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Gjerning","gloss":"Abraham's"},{"surface":"Gjerning","lemma":"Gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bringe","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies bringe","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of til","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lader","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with lader","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the om-clause","gloss":"lets","note":"\"lade sig opdage\" is an idiom meaning \"to be discoverable / to be discovered.\""},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"opdage","lemma":"opdage","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader","gloss":"discover"},{"surface":"nogensomhelst","lemma":"nogensomhelst","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Berøring","gloss":"any at all"},{"surface":"anden","lemma":"anden","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Berøring","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Berøring","lemma":"Berøring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of opdage","gloss":"point of contact"},{"surface":"mellem","lemma":"mellem","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of mellem","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"gøre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with det (w27), object of mellem","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with den","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"object of end","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of overtraadte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of overtraadte","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"overtraadte","lemma":"overtræde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"appositive clause on den","gloss":"transgressed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of overtraadte","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"problema-i-s58","source":"Det er ikke for at frelse et Folk, ikke for at hævde Statens Idee, at Abraham gjør det, ikke for at forsone vrede Guder.","translation":"It is not to save a people, not to assert the idea of the state, that Abraham does it, nor to appease angry gods.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"for at frelse et Folk / hævde Statens Idee","title":"What Abraham's act is NOT for","body":"Kierkegaard lists, by negation, exactly the public ethical ends that justified the tragic heroes — saving a people (Jephthah), asserting «Statens Idee», the idea of the state (Brutus), appeasing angry gods (Agamemnon) — and denies every one of them to Abraham. With no such end, the act has no foothold in the universal. «forsone» = to reconcile/appease; «hævde» = to assert/uphold."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of frelse","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of frelse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"frelse","lemma":"frelse","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of er","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Folk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Folk","lemma":"Folk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of frelse","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hævde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hævde","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hævde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hævde","lemma":"hævde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of er","gloss":"assert"},{"surface":"Statens","lemma":"Stat","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Idee","gloss":"the state's"},{"surface":"Idee","lemma":"Idee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hævde","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjør","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"cleft clause on Det","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forsone","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of forsone","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of forsone","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"forsone","lemma":"forsone","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of er","gloss":"appease"},{"surface":"vrede","lemma":"vred","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Guder","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"Guder","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of forsone","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"problema-i-s59","source":"Kunde der være Tale om, at Guddommen var vred, da var han jo kun vred paa Abraham, og Abrahams hele Gjerning staaer i intet Forhold til det Almene, er et reent privat Foretagende.","translation":"If there could be any question of the deity being angry, he was angry only with Abraham, and Abraham's whole deed stands in no relation to the universal — it is a purely private undertaking.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"et reent privat Foretagende","title":"«et reent privat Foretagende» — a purely private undertaking","body":"The sharpest formulation of Abraham's isolation: his act «staaer i intet Forhold til det Almene» (stands in no relation to the universal) and is «et reent privat Foretagende» — a purely private undertaking, between him and God alone. This is scandalous from the ethical standpoint, where the private must always dissolve into the universal. «reent» (modern «rent») = purely; «staaer» (modern «står»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Kunde","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være, opens the conditional clause","gloss":"could","note":"verb-first word order here signals a conditional \"if\" clause (as if \"Hvis der kunde være...\")."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with være","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Kunde","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Tale","lemma":"Tale","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of være","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Guddommen","lemma":"Guddommen","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"the deity"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vred","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vred","lemma":"vred","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"complement of var","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var (the second var)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vred","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vred","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vred","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"vred","lemma":"vred","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"complement of var","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vred","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Abrahams","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Gjerning","gloss":"Abraham's"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Gjerning","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Gjerning","lemma":"Gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of staaer","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"staaer","lemma":"staae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the third clause","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of staaer","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of til, modifies Forhold","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Foretagende","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Foretagende","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"reent","lemma":"reen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies privat","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"privat","lemma":"privat","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Foretagende","gloss":"private"},{"surface":"Foretagende","lemma":"Foretagende","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of er","gloss":"undertaking"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"problema-i-s60","source":"Medens derfor den tragiske Helt er stor ved sin sædelige Dyd, er Abraham stor ved en reen personlig Dyd.","translation":"While therefore the tragic hero is great by his ethical virtue, Abraham is great by a purely personal virtue.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sædelige Dyd / reen personlig Dyd","title":"«sædelig Dyd» vs. «personlig Dyd»","body":"The contrast in one line: the tragic hero is great through «sædelig Dyd» — ethical virtue measured by Sittlichkeit, by what he gives to the whole; Abraham is great through «reen personlig Dyd» — a purely personal virtue, his alone, answerable to God and not to the universal. «Medens» = while/whereas; «Dyd» = virtue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"while","note":"\"medens\" is an archaic form of \"mens\" (\"while\")."},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"complement of er","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dyd","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Dyd","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sædelige","lemma":"sædelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Dyd","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"Dyd","lemma":"Dyd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ved, modifies stor","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of er","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dyd","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Dyd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"reen","lemma":"reen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies personlig","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"personlig","lemma":"personlig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Dyd","gloss":"personal"},{"surface":"Dyd","lemma":"Dyd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ved, modifies stor","gloss":"virtue"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"problema-i-s61","source":"Der er intet højere Udtryk for det Ethiske i Abrahams Liv, end dette, at Faderen skal elske Sønnen.","translation":"There is no higher expression of the ethical in Abraham's life than this: that the father shall love the son.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with er","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"notional subject of er (existential der er)","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of for, modifying Udtryk","gloss":"the ethical"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abrahams","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Abrahams","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Liv","gloss":"Abraham's"},{"surface":"Liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifying Ethiske","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the comparison, governs dette","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"object of end","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of elske","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Faderen","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of elske","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of elske","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"elske","lemma":"elske","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the appositive at-clause on dette","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"Sønnen","lemma":"søn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of elske","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"problema-i-s62","source":"Det Ethiske i Betydning af det Sædelige kan der slet ikke være Tale om.","translation":"Of the ethical in the sense of ethical life there can be no question at all.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det Ethiske i Betydning af det Sædelige","title":"«det Ethiske i Betydning af det Sædelige»","body":"Kierkegaard distinguishes two senses of «det Ethiske»: the bare ethical duty (father shall love son) and «det Sædelige» — the ethical in the full Hegelian sense of Sittlichkeit, the customary life of people and state. For Abraham only the first applies; the second is wholly absent, because his act has no relation to any community. This is why no higher ETHICAL expression can justify him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of om, fronted","gloss":"the ethical"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Betydning","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Betydning","lemma":"betydning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, modifying Ethiske","gloss":"the sense"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sædelige","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Sædelige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sædelige","lemma":"Sædelige","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of af, modifies Betydning","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with være","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"slet","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Tale","lemma":"Tale","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"notional subject of være (existential der ... være Tale om), not a direct object since være is a copula","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs the fronted phrase Det Ethiske i Betydning af det Sædelige","gloss":"about"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"problema-i-s63","source":"Forsaavidt det Almene var tilstede, var det jo krypt i Isaak, skjult saa at sige i Isaaks Lænd, og maatte da raabe med Isaaks Mund: Gjør det ikke, Du tilintetgjør Alt.","translation":"Insofar as the universal was present, it lay hidden in Isaac, concealed so to speak in Isaac's loins, and would then have had to cry out with Isaac's mouth: Do not do it, you are destroying everything.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"krypt i Isaak / Isaaks Lænd","title":"«krypt i Isaak», «skjult … i Isaaks Lænd» — hidden in Isaac","body":"If the universal had any voice in Abraham's case, it spoke only through Isaac himself — «krypt» (a Latinate form, 'hidden,' cf. crypt) and «skjult … i Isaaks Lænd» (concealed in Isaac's loins, i.e. in the unborn descendants Isaac carries). Its only message would be 'Do not do it, you are destroying everything.' Abraham must silence even this. «skjult» (period «skj»), «tilintetgjør» (modern «tilintetgør», destroy/annihilate)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Forsaavidt","lemma":"forsaavidt","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var tilstede","gloss":"insofar as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"universal","note":"'Det Almene' is Kierkegaard's technical term for the universal — shared ethical/social norms — as opposed to 'den Enkelte,' the single individual."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tilstede","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tilstede","lemma":"tilstede","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence; copula linking to krypt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"krypt","lemma":"krypt","morphology":"adjective (archaic/learned)","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"hidden","note":"An archaic, learned word for 'hidden' (cf. Latin cryptus), not the everyday Danish 'skjult.'"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Isaak","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of i, modifying krypt","gloss":"Isaac"},{"surface":"skjult","lemma":"skjult","morphology":"adjective","role":"coordinated with krypt","gloss":"concealed"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom saa at sige ('so to speak')","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker for sige, part of the idiom saa at sige","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"part of the idiom saa at sige, modifying skjult","gloss":"speak","note":"'saa at sige' is a fixed idiom meaning 'so to speak.'"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lænd","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Isaaks","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Lænd","gloss":"Isaac's"},{"surface":"Lænd","lemma":"Lænd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, modifying skjult","gloss":"loins"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maatte","lemma":"maatte","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of raabe","gloss":"would have to"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies raabe","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"raabe","lemma":"raabe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of maatte","gloss":"cry out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mund","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Isaaks","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Mund","gloss":"Isaac's"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of med","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"Gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the quoted imperative clause","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Gjør","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Gjør","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilintetgjør","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tilintetgjør","lemma":"tilintetgjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second quoted clause","gloss":"are destroying"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tilintetgjør","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"problema-i-s64","source":"Hvorfor gjør Abraham det da?","translation":"Why, then, does Abraham do it?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hvorfor","lemma":"hvorfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjør","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjør","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"problema-i-s65","source":"For Guds Skyld og aldeles identisk hermed for sin egen Skyld.","translation":"For God's sake, and, wholly identical with this, for his own sake.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"For Guds Skyld … for sin egen Skyld","title":"«For Guds Skyld» — for God's sake / for his own sake","body":"The answer to 'why' collapses two motives into one: «For Guds Skyld» (for God's sake) and, «aldeles identisk hermed» (wholly identical with this), «for sin egen Skyld» (for his own sake). God demands the proof of faith, and Abraham must give it to be the one who has faith — the two are inseparable. «for … Skyld» = for the sake of; «aldeles» = wholly, entirely."}],"words":[{"surface":"For","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skyld","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Guds","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Skyld","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Skyld","lemma":"skyld","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of For","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aldeles","lemma":"aldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies identisk","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"identisk","lemma":"identisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"parenthetical predicate adjective","gloss":"identical"},{"surface":"hermed","lemma":"hermed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies identisk","gloss":"with this"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skyld","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Skyld","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"egen","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Skyld","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"Skyld","lemma":"skyld","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of the second for","gloss":"sake"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"problema-i-s66","source":"For Guds Skyld gjør han det, fordi Gud fordrer dette Beviis paa hans Tro, for sin egen Skyld gjør han det, at han kan føre Beviset.","translation":"For God's sake he does it, because God demands this proof of his faith; for his own sake he does it, so that he can furnish the proof.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Beviis paa hans Tro","title":"«Beviis paa hans Tro» — proof of his faith","body":"«Beviis» (modern «bevis», with the period doubled vowel) = proof; «føre Beviset» = to furnish/produce the proof. God demands a «Beviis paa hans Tro» (proof of his faith) — and «Tro», faith, is the book's master-word. The two clauses mirror s65: the same act is God's demand and Abraham's self-attestation, indivisibly."}],"words":[{"surface":"For","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skyld","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Guds","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Skyld","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Skyld","lemma":"Skyld","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of For","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fordrer","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Gud","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fordrer","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"fordrer","lemma":"fordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the fordi-clause","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Beviis","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Beviis","lemma":"beviis","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fordrer","gloss":"proof"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Tro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Tro","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa, modifies Beviis","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skyld","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Skyld","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"egen","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Skyld","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"Skyld","lemma":"Skyld","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of the second for","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second main clause, coordinated with the first gjør","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of føre","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of føre","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of føre","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"føre","lemma":"føre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause, modifies gjør","gloss":"furnish"},{"surface":"Beviset","lemma":"Bevis","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of føre","gloss":"the proof"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"problema-i-s67","source":"Eenheden heraf er aldeles rigtigt udtrykt i det Ord, hvormed man altid har betegnet dette Forhold: det er en Prøvelse, en Fristelse.","translation":"The unity of this is quite rightly expressed in the word by which this relation has always been designated: it is an ordeal, a temptation.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en Prøvelse, en Fristelse","title":"«Prøvelse» and «Fristelse» — ordeal and temptation","body":"The traditional word for Abraham's situation unites both motives: «en Prøvelse» (an ordeal/testing — God testing his faith) and «en Fristelse» (a temptation). The next sentences will turn «Fristelse» inside out: ordinarily temptation lures one AWAY from duty, but here «Fristelsen [er] selve det Ethiske» — the temptation is the ethical itself, holding Abraham back from God's will. «Eenheden» (modern «enheden») = the unity; «betegnet» = designated."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eenheden","lemma":"Eenhed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of udtrykt","gloss":"the unity"},{"surface":"heraf","lemma":"heraf","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Eenheden","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"aldeles","lemma":"aldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rigtigt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"rigtigt","lemma":"rigtig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykt","gloss":"rightly"},{"surface":"udtrykt","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ord","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ord","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ord","lemma":"Ord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"hvormed","lemma":"hvormed","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on Ord, complement of betegnet","gloss":"by which"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of betegnet","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"altid","lemma":"altid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betegnet","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of betegnet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"betegnet","lemma":"betegne","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"relative clause on Ord","gloss":"designated"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of betegnet","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Prøvelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Prøvelse","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Prøvelse","lemma":"Prøvelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"ordeal"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Fristelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Fristelse","lemma":"Fristelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Prøvelse, predicate of er","gloss":"temptation"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"problema-i-s68","source":"En Fristelse; men hvad vil dette sige?","translation":"A temptation; but what does this mean?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Fristelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Fristelse","lemma":"Fristelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"elliptical predicate, repeats Prøvelse/Fristelse from previous line","gloss":"temptation"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sige","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige (idiom vil sige)","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the men-clause","gloss":"mean","note":"'vil sige' is an idiom meaning 'means, is to say' — 'hvad vil dette sige' = 'what does this mean.'"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"problema-i-s69","source":"Det, der ellers frister et Menneske, er jo det, der vil holde ham tilbage fra at gjøre sin Pligt, men her er Fristelsen selve det Ethiske, der vil holde ham tilbage fra at gjøre Guds Villie.","translation":"That which otherwise tempts a person is precisely that which would hold him back from doing his duty, but here the temptation is the ethical itself, which would hold him back from doing God's will.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Fristelsen selve det Ethiske","title":"«Fristelsen [er] selve det Ethiske» — the temptation is the ethical itself","body":"The great inversion of Problema I: normally «Fristelse» (temptation) draws a person away from his duty; here the temptation IS «det Ethiske», the ethical itself — Abraham's love and duty toward Isaac — and it tempts him away from «Guds Villie», God's will. Duty and temptation have swapped places, which is precisely why a new category is needed to understand Abraham. «vil holde ham tilbage» = would hold him back; «Villie» (modern «vilje») = will."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of frister","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ellers","lemma":"ellers","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frister","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"frister","lemma":"friste","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Det","gloss":"tempts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of frister","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of holde","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of holde","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"holde","lemma":"holde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on the predicate det","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of holde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on holde","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fra, modifies holde tilbage","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Pligt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Pligt","lemma":"Pligt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"her","lemma":"her","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to selve det Ethiske","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Fristelsen","lemma":"Fristelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"the temptation"},{"surface":"selve","lemma":"selv","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Ethiske, predicate complement of er","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er, modified by selve","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of holde","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of holde","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"holde","lemma":"holde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Ethiske","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of holde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on holde","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fra, modifies holde tilbage","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"Guds","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Villie","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Villie","lemma":"villie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"problema-i-s70","source":"Men hvad er da Pligten?","translation":"But what, then, is duty?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Pligten","lemma":"Pligt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"duty"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"problema-i-s71","source":"Pligten er jo netop Udtrykket for Guds Villie.","translation":"Duty is precisely the expression of God's will.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pligten … Udtrykket for Guds Villie","title":"«Pligten er … Udtrykket for Guds Villie» — duty is the expression of God's will","body":"The resolution that breaks the ethical frame: if «Pligt» (duty) just means 'the expression of God's will,' then in Abraham's case duty points TO the sacrifice, not away from it — and the ethical (love of Isaac) becomes the temptation. Ordinary ethics, where duty and God's will coincide with the universal, cannot hold this; hence the closing demand for a new category. «netop» = precisely; «Udtrykket» = the expression."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pligten","lemma":"Pligt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Udtrykket","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Udtrykket","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Udtrykket","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"Udtrykket","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"the expression"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Guds","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Guds","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Villie","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Villie","lemma":"villie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of for, modifying Udtrykket","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"problema-i-s72","source":"Her viser Nødvendigheden sig af en ny Kategori for at .forstaae Abraham.","translation":"Here the necessity shows itself of a new category in order to understand Abraham.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en ny Kategori","title":"«en ny Kategori» — a new category","body":"The chapter's conclusion: to understand Abraham at all, «Nødvendigheden … af en ny Kategori» — the necessity of a new category — becomes plain, because the categories of Greek philosophy and of the ethical/universal do not reach him. That category is faith, the absolute relation of the single individual to the Absolute. The stray period in «.forstaae» is an OCR artifact, kept verbatim. «Nødvendigheden» = the necessity; «Kategori» = category."}],"words":[{"surface":"Her","lemma":"her","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viser","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"viser","lemma":"vise","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"Nødvendigheden","lemma":"Nødvendighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viser","gloss":"the necessity"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of viser","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kategori","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Kategori","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ny","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Kategori","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"Kategori","lemma":"Kategori","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of af, modifies viser sig","gloss":"category"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause .forstaae (for at)","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker, part of for at","gloss":"to"},{"surface":".forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the for at-clause (purpose), modifies viser","gloss":"understand","note":"The leading period on '.forstaae' is a transcription artifact in the source text, not part of the word."},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of .forstaae","gloss":"Abraham"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"problema-i-s73","source":"Et saadant Forhold til Guddommen kjender Hedenskabet ikke.","translation":"Such a relation to the Deity paganism does not know.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kjender","title":"«kjender» — knows (period spelling)","body":"«kjender» is the 1843 spelling of modern «kender» ('knows'); the «kj-» cluster (also «kjøber», «kjøbe» below) is a hallmark of the older orthography. Note too the inverted word order: the object «Et saadant Forhold» fronts the sentence, so the verb «kjender» comes before its subject «Hedenskabet» ('paganism')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadant","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Forhold","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kjender, fronted","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Guddommen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Guddommen","lemma":"Guddom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of til","gloss":"the Deity"},{"surface":"kjender","lemma":"kjende","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"Hedenskabet","lemma":"Hedenskab","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kjender","gloss":"paganism"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kjender","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"problema-i-s74","source":"Den tragiske Helt træder ikke i noget privat Forhold til Guddommen, men det Ethiske er det Guddommelige, og derfor lader det Paradoxe deri sig mediere i det Almene.","translation":"The tragic hero enters into no private relation to the Deity, but the ethical is the divine, and therefore the paradox in it lets itself be mediated in the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det Almene","title":"«det Almene» — the universal","body":"«det Almene» ('the universal') and «det Ethiske» ('the ethical') are core terms here: for the tragic hero the ethical is the highest, so his deed can be 'mediated' (mediere) — explained and justified — within the universal that everyone shares. Abraham, by contrast, cannot be mediated. «det Paradoxe» ('the paradoxical') anticipates the «Paradox» that defines faith."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of træder","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"træder","lemma":"træde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enters"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies træder","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"privat","lemma":"privat","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Forhold","gloss":"private"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifies træder","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Guddommen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Guddommen","lemma":"Guddom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of til, modifies Forhold","gloss":"the Deity"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"Ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"ethical"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Guddommelige","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Guddommelige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Guddommelige","lemma":"Guddommelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with the preceding clause","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradoxe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Paradoxe","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"deri","lemma":"deri","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Paradoxe","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of mediere, referring to Paradoxe","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"mediere","lemma":"mediere","morphology":"verb, passive/reflexive, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of lader","gloss":"be mediated"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det Almene","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifying mediere","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"problema-i-s75","source":"Abraham kan ikke medieres, hvilket ogsaa kan udtrykkes saaledes: han kan ikke tale.","translation":"Abraham cannot be mediated, which can also be put thus: he cannot speak.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of medieres","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of medieres","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies medieres","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"medieres","lemma":"mediere","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be mediated"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of udtrykkes","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykkes","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykkes","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"udtrykkes","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on medieres","gloss":"be put"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on udtrykkes","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kan","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tale, explanatory clause after colon","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kan, main verb of the explanatory clause","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"problema-i-s76","source":"Saasnart jeg taler, udtrykker jeg det Almene, og naar jeg ikke gjør det, saa kan Ingen forstaae mig.","translation":"As soon as I speak, I express the universal, and when I do not, then no one can understand me.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gjør","title":"«gjør», «forstaae» — period spellings","body":"«gjør» (modern «gør», 'do/does') again shows the «gj-» cluster; «forstaae» (modern «forstå», 'understand') shows the doubled «aa» for «å». «Saasnart … saa» ('as soon as … then') and «naar … saa» ('when … then') are correlative pairs that trigger verb-second inversion in the main clause: «udtrykker jeg», «kan Ingen»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Saasnart","lemma":"saasnart","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of taler","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of taler","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"taler","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"modifies udtrykker","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"udtrykker","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"express"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of udtrykker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of udtrykker","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjør","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjør","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kan","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae, main clause","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forstaae","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kan","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"problema-i-s77","source":"Saasnart da Abraham vil udtrykke sig i det Almene, saa maa han sige, at hans Situation er en Anfægtelse, thi han har intet højere Udtryk af det Almene, der staaer over det Almene, han overtræder.","translation":"As soon, then, as Abraham wants to express himself in the universal, he must say that his situation is a spiritual trial, for he has no higher expression of the universal that stands above the universal he transgresses.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Anfægtelse","title":"«Anfægtelse» — spiritual trial / temptation","body":"«Anfægtelse» is a key religious term (cf. German «Anfechtung», Luther's word) for an assault of doubt or temptation upon faith — a 'spiritual trial'. From within the ethical, Abraham can only describe his own deed as an «Anfægtelse», because he has no expression for the higher to which he is obeying. «thi» = 'for' (causal), more archaic than «fordi»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Saasnart","lemma":"saasnart","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of udtrykke","gloss":"as soon"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykke","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of udtrykke","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykke","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"udtrykke","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the Saasnart-clause","gloss":"express"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of udtrykke","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det Almene","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of i, modifying udtrykke","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies maa","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"maa","lemma":"maatte","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of maa, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Situation","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Situation","lemma":"Situation","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"situation"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Anfægtelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Anfægtelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"Anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"spiritual trial","note":"Anfægtelse is Kierkegaard's term for a trial or ordeal of faith — a stronger, more religious notion than ordinary 'temptation.'"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the thi-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det Almene","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of af, modifies Udtryk","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of staaer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"staaer","lemma":"staae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Almene","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det Almene","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of staaer","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of overtræder","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"overtræder","lemma":"overtræde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Almene (w32-33)","gloss":"transgresses"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"problema-i-s78","source":"Medens derfor Abraham vækker min Beundring, forfærder han mig tillige.","translation":"While Abraham therefore awakens my admiration, he terrifies me at the same time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vækker","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vækker","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vækker","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"vækker","lemma":"vække","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the medens-clause","gloss":"awakens"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"min","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Beundring","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Beundring","lemma":"beundring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vækker","gloss":"admiration"},{"surface":"forfærder","lemma":"forfærde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"terrifies"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forfærder","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forfærder","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"tillige","lemma":"tillige","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forfærder","gloss":"at the same time"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"problema-i-s79","source":"Den, der fornegter sig selv og opoffrer sig for Pligten, han opgiver det Endelige for at gribe det Uendelige, han er sikker nok; den tragiske Helt opgiver det Visse for det endnu Vissere, \"og Betragterens Øie hviler trygt paa ham.","translation":"He who denies himself and sacrifices himself for duty gives up the finite in order to grasp the infinite — he is secure enough; the tragic hero gives up the certain for the still more certain, \"and the beholder's eye rests securely upon him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det Endelige","title":"«det Endelige» / «det Uendelige» — the finite / the infinite","body":"«det Endelige» ('the finite') and «det Uendelige» ('the infinite') are the poles of resignation: the knight of infinite resignation surrenders finite goods to lay hold of the infinite. «opoffrer» (modern «opofrer», 'sacrifices') and «Øie» (modern «øje», 'eye') show the period spelling. A stray «\"» opens before «og» in this edition with no closing mark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"topic, resumed by han (subject of opgiver)","gloss":"he","note":"Left-dislocated topic 'Den' (the one/he) is resumed by 'han' (he) as the clause subject — a stylistic pattern for emphasis."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fornegter","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fornegter","lemma":"fornegte","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying Den","gloss":"denies"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of fornegter","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"opoffrer","lemma":"opoffre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fornegter","gloss":"sacrifices"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of opoffrer","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Pligten","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Pligten","lemma":"pligt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of opoffrer","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of opgiver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"opgiver","lemma":"opgive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gives up"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Endelige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Endelige","lemma":"Endelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"direct object of opgiver","gloss":"finite"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gribe","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gribe","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gribe","lemma":"gribe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on opgiver","gloss":"grasp"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Uendelige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Uendelige","lemma":"Uendelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"direct object of gribe","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sikker","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"sikker","lemma":"sikker","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"secure"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sikker","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of opgiver","gloss":"hero","note":"Capitalized common noun 'Helt' (hero), not the adverb 'helt' (completely)."},{"surface":"opgiver","lemma":"opgive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the tragiske Helt clause, parallel to opgiver (w12)","gloss":"gives up"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Visse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Visse","lemma":"vis","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of opgiver","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vissere","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Vissere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"endnu","lemma":"endnu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vissere","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Vissere","lemma":"vis","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"oblique complement of opgiver","gloss":"more certain"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Betragterens","lemma":"betragter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"determiner of Øie","gloss":"the beholder's"},{"surface":"Øie","lemma":"Øie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hviler","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"hviler","lemma":"hvile","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rests"},{"surface":"trygt","lemma":"trygt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hviler","gloss":"securely"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hviler","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"problema-i-s80","source":"Men den, der opgiver det Almene for at gribe noget endnu Højere, der ikke er det Almene, hvad gjør han?","translation":"But he who gives up the universal in order to grasp something still higher that is not the universal — what does he do?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"topic, resumed by han (subject of gjør)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of opgiver","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"opgiver","lemma":"opgive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying den","gloss":"gives up"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of opgiver","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gribe","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gribe","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gribe","lemma":"gribe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on opgiver","gloss":"grasp"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Højere","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"endnu","lemma":"endnu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Højere","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Højere","lemma":"Højere","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"direct object of gribe","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Almene","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of gjør","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"problema-i-s81","source":"Er det muligt, at . dette kan være andet end en Anfægtelse?","translation":"Is it possible that this can be anything other than a spiritual trial?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to muligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of muligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"muligt","lemma":"mulig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of Er","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of være","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of være","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to andet","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"andet","lemma":"anden","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Anfægtelse","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Anfægtelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfægtelse","lemma":"Anfægtelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of andet","gloss":"spiritual trial","note":"Key term in Kierkegaard: a spiritual trial or ordeal of faith (sometimes rendered 'temptation')."}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"problema-i-s82","source":"Og hvis det er muligt, men den Enkelte da greb feil, hvad Frelse er der for ham?","translation":"And if it is possible, but the single individual then grasped wrongly, what salvation is there for him?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Enkelte","title":"«den Enkelte» — the single individual","body":"«den Enkelte» ('the single individual') is the central category of the book: the one who, in faith, stands higher than «det Almene» (the universal) in an absolute relation to the Absolute. «greb feil» = 'grasped wrong, mistook'; «Frelse» = 'salvation'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the preceding sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of muligt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to muligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muligt","lemma":"mulig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of greb","gloss":"individual","note":"Kierkegaard's key term 'den Enkelte' (the single individual) is central to the book's argument."},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies greb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"greb","lemma":"gribe","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the men-clause","gloss":"grasped","note":"Idiom 'gribe fejl' (here 'greb feil') means to err or make a mistake — literally 'to grasp wrong.'"},{"surface":"feil","lemma":"fejl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies greb","gloss":"wrongly"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Frelse","lemma":"Frelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive with er","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of er","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"problema-i-s83","source":"Han lider den tragiske Helts hele Smerte, han tilintetgjør sin Glæde i Verden, han forsager Alt, og maaskee tilspærrer han sig i samme Øieblik den ophøjiede Glæde, der var ham saa dyrebar, at han vilde kjøbe den for enhver Priis.","translation":"He suffers the whole pain of the tragic hero, he annihilates his joy in the world, he renounces everything, and perhaps at the same moment he shuts himself off from the exalted joy that was so dear to him that he would buy it at any price.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tilintetgjør","title":"«tilintetgjør», «maaskee» — period spellings","body":"«tilintetgjør» (modern «tilintetgør», 'annihilates') again shows «gj-»; «maaskee» (modern «måske», 'perhaps') and «Øieblik» (modern «øjeblik», 'moment') show period spelling. «ophøjiede» is a typeset slip for «ophøiede» ('exalted', modern «ophøjede»); «kjøbe» = 'buy' (modern «købe»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lider","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lider","lemma":"lide","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suffers"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helts","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helts","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helts","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"genitive modifier of Smerte","gloss":"hero's"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Smerte","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Smerte","lemma":"smerte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lider","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilintetgjør","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tilintetgjør","lemma":"tilintetgøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"annihilates","note":"Compound verb 'tilintetgøre,' literally 'to make into nothing' — to annihilate or destroy utterly."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Glæde","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Glæde","lemma":"glæde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tilintetgjør","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tilintetgjør","gloss":"the world"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forsager","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"forsager","lemma":"forsage","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"renounces"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"Alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of forsager","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maaskee","lemma":"maaskee","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tilspærrer","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"tilspærrer","lemma":"tilspærre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with the preceding clauses","gloss":"shuts off"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilspærrer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of tilspærrer","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"samme","lemma":"samme","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Øieblik","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"Øieblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tilspærrer","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Glæde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ophøjiede","lemma":"ophøie","morphology":"adjective, past participle, singular","role":"modifies Glæde","gloss":"exalted"},{"surface":"Glæde","lemma":"glæde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tilspærrer","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dyrebar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of var","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dyrebar","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"dyrebar","lemma":"dyrebar","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vilde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vilde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kjøbe","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"kjøbe","lemma":"kjøbe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vilde","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kjøbe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enhver","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Priis","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"Priis","lemma":"Priis","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kjøbe","gloss":"price"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"problema-i-s84","source":"Ham kan Betragteren slet ikke forstaae, ei heller trygt lade sit Øie hvile paa ham.","translation":"Him the beholder cannot understand at all, nor securely let his eye rest upon him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"Betragteren","lemma":"betragter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forstaae","gloss":"the beholder"},{"surface":"slet","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forstaae","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"ei","lemma":"ei","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade, paired with heller (= nor)","gloss":"nor","note":"'Ei heller' is an archaic construction meaning 'nor,' literally 'not either.'"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with ei (= nor)","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"trygt","lemma":"trygt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hvile","gloss":"securely"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with forstaae","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Øie","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Øie","lemma":"Øie","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hvile","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"hvile","lemma":"hvile","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lade (Øie is its subject)","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hvile","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"problema-i-s85","source":"Maaskee lader det sig slet ikke gjøre, hvad den Troende intenderer, da det jo er utænkeligt.","translation":"Perhaps what the believer intends cannot be done at all, since it is indeed unthinkable.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Troende","title":"«den Troende» — the believer","body":"«den Troende» = 'the one who believes', the believer; «Tro» ('faith') is the book's central concept and the «Troens Ridder» ('knight of faith') its hero. «intenderer» ('intends') is a Latinate verb; «utænkeligt» = 'unthinkable'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Maaskee","lemma":"Maaskee","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can be","note":"'Lade sig gøre' is an idiom meaning 'can be done,' literally 'let itself be done.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"slet","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of intenderer","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Troende","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Troende","lemma":"Troe","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of intenderer","gloss":"believer"},{"surface":"intenderer","lemma":"intendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvad-clause (logical subject of gjøre)","gloss":"intends"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of utænkeligt","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utænkeligt","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to utænkeligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"utænkeligt","lemma":"utænkelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"unthinkable"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"problema-i-s86","source":"Eller om det lod sig gjøre, hvis den Enkelte havde misforstaaet Guddommen, hvad Frelse var da for ham?","translation":"Or if it could be done, supposing the single individual had misunderstood the Deity, what salvation was there then for him?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lod","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lod","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could be"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lod","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lod","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of havde","gloss":"supposing"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"Enkelte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of havde","gloss":"individual"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of misforstaaet","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"misforstaaet","lemma":"misforstaae","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"forms perfect tense with havde","gloss":"misunderstood"},{"surface":"Guddommen","lemma":"Guddom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of misforstaaet","gloss":"the Deity"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Frelse","lemma":"Frelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"problema-i-s87","source":"Den tragiske Helt han behøver Taarer og han fordrer Taarer, og hvor var det misundelige Øie, der var saa ufrugtbart, at det ikke kunde græde med Agamemnon, men hvor var den, hvis Sjæl var saa forvildet, at han formastede sig til at græde over Abraham.","translation":"The tragic hero, he needs tears and he demands tears, and where was the envious eye so barren that it could not weep with Agamemnon — but where was the one whose soul was so misled that he presumed to weep over Abraham?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"topic, resumed by han (subject of behøver)","gloss":"hero","note":"Capitalized common noun 'Helt' (hero), not the adverb 'helt' (completely)."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of behøver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"behøver","lemma":"behøve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"Taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of behøver","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fordrer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fordrer","lemma":"fordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with behøver","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"Taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fordrer","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hvor","lemma":"hvor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, subject Øie","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misundelige","lemma":"misundelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Øie","gloss":"envious"},{"surface":"Øie","lemma":"Øie","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ufrugtbart","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ufrugtbart","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ufrugtbart","lemma":"ufrugtbar","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"barren"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of græde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of græde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of græde","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"græde","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of kunde","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Agamemnon","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Agamemnon","lemma":"Agamemnon","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of græde","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hvor","lemma":"hvor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, parallel to var (w13)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"relative pronoun, possessive","role":"determiner of Sjæl (whose)","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Sjæl","lemma":"Sjæl","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to forvildet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forvildet","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"forvildet","lemma":"forvilde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"misled"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of formastede","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of formastede","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"formastede","lemma":"formaste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"presumed","note":"Reflexive verb 'formaste sig' means to presume or dare (something audacious)."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of formastede","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of græde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of græde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"græde","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of formastede sig til","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of græde","gloss":"Abraham"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"problema-i-s88","source":"Den tragiske Helt fuldkommer sin Gjerning i et bestemt Tidsmoment, men i Tidernes Løb gjør han, hvad der ikke er Mindre, han besøger den, hvis Sjæl er omspændt af Sorg, hvis Bryst ikke kan faae Luft for qvalte Sukke, hvis Tanker hænge betyngede over ham, svanger med Taarer, han viser sig for ham, han hæver Sorgens Trolddom, han løsner Snørelivet, han aflokker Taaren, idet den Lidende glemmer sine Lidelser i hans.","translation":"The tragic hero completes his deed in a definite moment of time, but in the course of the ages he does what is no less, he visits the one whose soul is encompassed by sorrow, whose breast cannot draw breath for stifled sighs, whose thoughts hang weighed down over him, heavy with tears; he shows himself to him, he lifts the enchantment of sorrow, he loosens the corset, he coaxes out the tear, as the sufferer forgets his own sufferings in his.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qvalte","title":"«qvalte», «faae» — period spellings","body":"«qvalte» (modern «kvalte», 'stifled, choked') keeps the old «qv-» for «kv-»; «faae» (modern «få», 'get/draw') and «Taaren» show doubled «aa». «Snørelivet» = the laced corset — a homely image: the tragic hero's lament physically loosens the mourner's stays so grief can breathe."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, definite","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fuldkommer","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"fuldkommer","lemma":"fuldkomme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"completes"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Gjerning","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Gjerning","lemma":"Gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fuldkommer","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tidsmoment","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Tidsmoment","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bestemt","lemma":"bestemt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Tidsmoment","gloss":"definite"},{"surface":"Tidsmoment","lemma":"Tidsmoment","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fuldkommer","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Løb","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Tidernes","lemma":"Tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Løb","gloss":"of the ages"},{"surface":"Løb","lemma":"Løb","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjør","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fuldkommer","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Mindre","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Mindre","lemma":"Mindre","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of besøger","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"besøger","lemma":"besøge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"in apposition to 'hvad der ikke er Mindre'","gloss":"visits"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of besøger","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of omspændt","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Sjæl","lemma":"Sjæl","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of omspændt","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"passive auxiliary of omspændt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"omspændt","lemma":"omspænde","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"past-participle predicate of er (passive), describes Sjæl","gloss":"encompassed"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sorg","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Sorg","lemma":"Sorg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of omspændt","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of faae","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Bryst","lemma":"bryst","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of faae","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies faae","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of faae","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"faae","lemma":"faae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on den (parallel to the omspændt clause)","gloss":"draw"},{"surface":"Luft","lemma":"Luft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of faae","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sukke","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qvalte","lemma":"qvalt","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Sukke","gloss":"stifled"},{"surface":"Sukke","lemma":"suk","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of faae","gloss":"sighs"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hænge","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Tanker","lemma":"Tanker","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hænge","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"hænge","lemma":"hænge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, plural","role":"relative clause on den (parallel to the omspændt/faae clauses)","gloss":"hang"},{"surface":"betyngede","lemma":"betynge","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural","role":"modifies hænge","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of betyngede","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"svanger","lemma":"svanger","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with betyngede","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Taarer","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"Taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of svanger","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viser","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"viser","lemma":"vise","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with besøger","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of viser","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of viser","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hæver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hæver","lemma":"hæve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with besøger","gloss":"lifts"},{"surface":"Sorgens","lemma":"Sorg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Trolddom","gloss":"sorrow's"},{"surface":"Trolddom","lemma":"Trolddom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hæver","gloss":"enchantment"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of løsner","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"løsner","lemma":"løsne","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with besøger","gloss":"loosens"},{"surface":"Snørelivet","lemma":"snøreliv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of løsner","gloss":"the corset","note":"Archaic term for a laced corset/bodice."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of aflokker","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aflokker","lemma":"aflokke","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with besøger","gloss":"coaxes out"},{"surface":"Taaren","lemma":"Taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of aflokker","gloss":"the tear"},{"surface":"idet","lemma":"idet","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of glemmer","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Lidende","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Lidende","lemma":"Lidende","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glemmer","gloss":"sufferer"},{"surface":"glemmer","lemma":"glemme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by idet","gloss":"forgets"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, plural, reflexive","role":"determiner of Lidelser","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Lidelser","lemma":"Lidelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of glemmer","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hans","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"oblique complement of glemmer","gloss":"his","note":"Elliptical for 'hans Lidelser' — 'his own [sufferings].'"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"problema-i-s89","source":"Abraham kan man ikke græde over.","translation":"Abraham one cannot weep over.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of over (fronted)","gloss":"Abraham","note":"Object fronted before the subject for emphasis — literally 'Abraham one cannot weep over.'"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of græde","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of græde","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies græde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"græde","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing Abraham (fronted)","gloss":"over"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"problema-i-s90","source":"Man nærmer sig ham med en horror religiosus, som Israel nærmede sig Sinai-Bjerget.","translation":"One approaches him with a horror religiosus, as Israel approached Mount Sinai.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of nærmer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"nærmer","lemma":"nærme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"approaches"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of nærmer (part of the phrasal verb nærme sig)","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nærmer","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horror","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of horror","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"horror","lemma":"horror","morphology":"noun (Latin), common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of med","gloss":"horror","note":"Latin phrase left untranslated by Kierkegaard: 'religious dread.'"},{"surface":"religiosus","lemma":"religiosus","morphology":"adjective (Latin)","role":"modifies horror","gloss":"religiosus"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nærmede","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Israel","lemma":"Israel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of nærmede","gloss":"Israel"},{"surface":"nærmede","lemma":"nærme","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the som-clause","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of nærmede","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Sinai-Bjerget","lemma":"Sinai-Bjerg","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of nærmede","gloss":"Mount Sinai"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"problema-i-s91","source":"— Hvis da den eensomme Mand, der bestiger Morija-Bjerget, der med sin Spidse rager himmelhøit over Aulis's Sletter, hvis han ikke er en Søvngænger, der gaaer trygt over Åfgrunden, medens den, der staaer ved Bjergets Fod og seer derpaa, skjælver af Angst, af Ærbødighed og Forfærdelse ikke engang tør kalde paa ham, hvis han bliver forstyrret i sig selv, hvis han havde taget Feil!","translation":"— If, then, the solitary man who climbs Mount Moriah, which with its peak towers heaven-high over the plains of Aulis, if he is not a sleepwalker who walks securely over the abyss while the one who stands at the foot of the mountain and looks on trembles with anxiety, with reverence and dread does not even dare to call out to him — if he becomes deranged within himself, if he had taken the wrong way!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Angst","title":"«Angst» — anxiety / dread","body":"«Angst» (also «Angest»; modern «angst») is the dread that grips the onlooker at the mountain's foot — the keynote of Kierkegaard's later «Begrebet Angest» (The Concept of Anxiety, 1844). «Åfgrunden» is a typeset slip for «Afgrunden» ('the abyss'); «eensomme» (modern «ensomme») = 'solitary', «gaaer» (modern «går») = 'walks'. Moriah is set against Aulis, where Agamemnon sacrificed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause, resumed by 'hvis han ikke er' (w18)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Hvis (emphatic 'if, then')","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Mand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eensomme","lemma":"eensom","morphology":"adjective, definite","role":"modifies Mand","gloss":"solitary"},{"surface":"Mand","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject, resumed by han (w19)","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of bestiger","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"bestiger","lemma":"bestige","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Mand","gloss":"climbs"},{"surface":"Morija-Bjerget","lemma":"Morija-Bjerg","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of bestiger","gloss":"Mount Moriah"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of rager","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Spidse","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Spidse","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Spidse","lemma":"Spids","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of med","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"rager","lemma":"rage","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Morija-Bjerget","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"himmelhøit","lemma":"himmelhøit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rager","gloss":"heaven-high"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sletter","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Aulis's","lemma":"Aulis","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Sletter","gloss":"Aulis's"},{"surface":"Sletter","lemma":"slette","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of over","gloss":"plains"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Søvngænger","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Søvngænger","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Søvngænger","lemma":"Søvngænger","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"sleepwalker"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of gaaer","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"gaaer","lemma":"gaae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Søvngænger","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"trygt","lemma":"trygt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gaaer","gloss":"securely"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Åfgrunden","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Åfgrunden","lemma":"afgrund","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of gaaer","gloss":"the abyss","note":"Surface has a stray 'Å' — the word is 'Afgrunden' (the abyss); this text otherwise always writes the å-sound as 'aa' (e.g. 'Taarer', 'gaaer')."},{"surface":"medens","lemma":"medens","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skjælver","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skjælver","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of staaer","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"staaer","lemma":"staae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Fod","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Bjergets","lemma":"Bjerg","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Fod","gloss":"the mountain's"},{"surface":"Fod","lemma":"Fod","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of staaer","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"seer","lemma":"see","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with staaer","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"derpaa","lemma":"derpaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seer","gloss":"at it"},{"surface":"skjælver","lemma":"skjælve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the medens-clause (subject: den)","gloss":"trembles"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Angst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Angst","lemma":"angst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skjælver","gloss":"anxiety"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ærbødighed","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ærbødighed","lemma":"Ærbødighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kalde","gloss":"reverence"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Forfærdelse","lemma":"Forfærdelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Ærbødighed","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kalde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"engang","lemma":"engang","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kalde","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"kalde","lemma":"kalde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with skjælver (subject: den)","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kalde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forstyrret","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forstyrret","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstyrret","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"forstyrret","lemma":"forstyrre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate of bliver","gloss":"deranged"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of forstyrret","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of taget","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of taget","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of taget","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"taget","lemma":"tage","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the final hvis-clause","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"Feil","lemma":"Feil","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of taget","gloss":"wrong","note":"Idiom 'tage fejl' = 'to be mistaken, to err' — literally 'take wrong.'"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"problema-i-s92","source":"— Tak! atter Tak! være en Mand, der rækker den, hvem Livets Sørger overfaldt og lode nøgen tilbage, rækker ham Udtrykket, Ordets Blad, hvormed han kan skjule sin Elendighed; Tak være Dig, store Shakespeare, Du som kan sige Alt, Alt, Alt netop som det er — og dog hvorfor udtalte Du aldrig denne Qval?","translation":"— Thanks! again thanks! be to a man who reaches out to the one whom life's sorrows overcame and left behind naked, reaches out to him the expression, the leaf of the word, with which he can hide his misery; thanks be to you, great Shakespeare, you who can say everything, everything, everything just as it is — and yet why did you never utter this agony?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tak","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Thanks"},{"surface":"atter","lemma":"atter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second Tak","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Tak","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with the first Tak","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"optative verb ('let it be'), links to Mand","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Mand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Mand","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of være","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of rækker","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"rækker","lemma":"række","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Mand","gloss":"reaches out"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rækker","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"hvem","lemma":"hvem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender","role":"direct object of overfaldt (fronted)","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Livets","lemma":"Liv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Sørger","gloss":"life's"},{"surface":"Sørger","lemma":"Sorg","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of overfaldt","gloss":"sorrows","note":"Archaic/dialectal spelling of 'Sorger' (sorrows) — not the verb 'sørger' (grieves)."},{"surface":"overfaldt","lemma":"overfalde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"overcame"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lode","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural","role":"coordinated with overfaldt","gloss":"left","note":"Archaic plural past-tense form of 'lade' ('lod' is the singular)."},{"surface":"nøgen","lemma":"nøgen","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of lode (describes the elided object)","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lode","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"rækker","lemma":"række","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rækker (w8), relative clause on Mand","gloss":"reaches out"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of rækker","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Udtrykket","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of rækker","gloss":"the expression"},{"surface":"Ordets","lemma":"Ord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Blad","gloss":"the word's"},{"surface":"Blad","lemma":"Blad","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to Udtrykket","gloss":"leaf"},{"surface":"hvormed","lemma":"hvormed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skjule","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skjule","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skjule","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"skjule","lemma":"skjule","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Blad","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Elendighed","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Elendighed","lemma":"Elendighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skjule","gloss":"misery"},{"surface":"Tak","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to Dig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Dig","lemma":"dig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender","role":"complement of være","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Shakespeare","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Shakespeare","lemma":"Shakespeare","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to Dig","gloss":"Shakespeare"},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Dig, antecedent of som","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Du","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sige","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"repeated in apposition to Alt (w38), for emphasis","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"repeated in apposition to Alt (w38), for emphasis","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Alt (w40)","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause 'det er'","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the som-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtalte","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"hvorfor","lemma":"hvorfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtalte","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"udtalte","lemma":"udtale","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the final question","gloss":"utter"},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of udtalte","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtalte","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Qval","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Qval","lemma":"Qval","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of udtalte","gloss":"agony"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"problema-i-s93","source":"forbeholdt Du den .maaskee for Dig selv?","translation":"did you reserve it perhaps for yourself?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"forbeholdt","lemma":"forbeholde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reserved"},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forbeholdt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forbeholdt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"maaskee","lemma":"måske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forbeholdt","gloss":"perhaps","note":"The stray period before the word is a printing artifact; maaskee is historical spelling of modern måske."},{"surface":"Dig","lemma":"dig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender","role":"oblique complement of forbeholdt","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies Dig","gloss":"self"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"problema-i-s94","source":"som den Elskede, hvis Navn man end ikke kan taale at Verden nævner; ihi en Digter kjøber denne Ordets Magt til at udsige alle Andres tunge Hemmeligheder for en lille Hemmelighed, han ikke kan udsige, og en Digter er ikke en Apostel, han uddriver kun Djævle ved Djævelens Magt.","translation":"like the beloved whose name one cannot even bear to have the world utter; for a poet buys this power of the word to speak out all others' heavy secrets at the cost of one little secret he cannot speak out, and a poet is not an apostle, he casts out devils only by the power of the devil.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Digter","title":"«Digter» vs. «Apostel» — poet and apostle","body":"«Digter» ('poet') is sharply distinguished from «Apostel» ('apostle'): the poet can voice every grief but his own, and 'casts out devils by the devil's power' — an echo of the Gospel charge against Jesus (Matthew 12:24–27). «ihi» is a typeset slip for «thi» ('for'); «kjøber» = 'buys' (modern «køber»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elskede","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Elskede","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Elskede","lemma":"Elskede","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of som","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kan","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Navn","lemma":"Navn","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of nævner (fronted)","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of kan","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of taale","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"taale","lemma":"taale","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause (modifies Elskede)","gloss":"bear"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nævner","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"Verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nævner","gloss":"the world"},{"surface":"nævner","lemma":"nævne","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause (object of taale)","gloss":"utters"},{"surface":"ihi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause ('thi' = for/because)","gloss":"for","note":"Likely a scanno/archaic form of 'thi' ('for, because'), a causal conjunction common in 19th-century Danish."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Digter","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Digter","lemma":"Digter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kjøber","gloss":"poet"},{"surface":"kjøber","lemma":"kjøbe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"buys"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Magt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Ordets","lemma":"Ord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Magt","gloss":"of the word"},{"surface":"Magt","lemma":"Magt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kjøber","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive purpose clause","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of udsige","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"udsige","lemma":"udsige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive, modifies kjøber","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Hemmeligheder","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Andres","lemma":"anden","morphology":"determiner, plural, genitive","role":"determiner of Hemmeligheder","gloss":"others'"},{"surface":"tunge","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Hemmeligheder","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Hemmeligheder","lemma":"Hemmelighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of udsige","gloss":"secrets"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hemmelighed","gloss":"at the cost of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Hemmelighed","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Hemmelighed","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Hemmelighed","lemma":"Hemmelighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of for","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of udsige","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udsige","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udsige","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"udsige","lemma":"udsige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Hemmelighed","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Digter","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Digter","lemma":"Digter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"poet"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Apostel","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Apostel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Apostel","lemma":"Apostel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"apostle"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of uddriver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"uddriver","lemma":"uddrive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of a new coordinate clause (subject: han = Digter)","gloss":"casts out"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uddriver","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"Djævle","lemma":"Djævel","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of uddriver","gloss":"devils"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Magt","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Djævelens","lemma":"Djævel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Magt","gloss":"the devil's"},{"surface":"Magt","lemma":"Magt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ved","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"problema-i-s95","source":"Men naar nu det Ethiske saaledes teleologisk er suspenderet, hvorledes existerer da den Enkelte, i hvem det er suspenderet?","translation":"But when the ethical is thus teleologically suspended, how then does the single individual exist in whom it is suspended?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"teleologisk … suspenderet","title":"«teleologisk … suspenderet» — the teleological suspension","body":"'Teleologically suspended' names the thesis of Problema I: the ethical («det Ethiske») is set aside (suspended) for the sake of a higher end (telos) — God's command. The ethical is not abolished but held in abeyance for the single individual who stands in absolute relation to the Absolute. «hvorledes» = 'how' (modern «hvordan»), «existerer» = 'exists'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suspenderet","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suspenderet","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethiske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of suspenderet","gloss":"the ethical"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suspenderet","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"teleologisk","lemma":"teleologisk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suspenderet","gloss":"teleologically"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to suspenderet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"suspenderet","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate of the naar-clause (passive with er)","gloss":"suspended"},{"surface":"hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existerer","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"existerer","lemma":"existere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exist"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existerer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"Enkelt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of existerer","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hvem","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hvem","lemma":"hvem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender","role":"oblique complement of i, introduces the relative clause on Enkelte","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of suspenderet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suspenderet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"suspenderet","lemma":"suspendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate of er (passive), relative clause on Enkelte","gloss":"suspended"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"problema-i-s96","source":"Han existerer som den Enkelte i Modsætning til det Almene.","translation":"He exists as the single individual in opposition to the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of existerer","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"existerer","lemma":"existere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of som","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Modsætning","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Modsætning","lemma":"Modsætning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"opposition"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almene","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of til","gloss":"universal"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"problema-i-s97","source":"Synder han da?","translation":"Does he sin, then?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Synder","lemma":"synde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Synder","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Synder","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"problema-i-s98","source":"thi dette er Syndens Form, seet i Ideen, saaledes, at om Barnet end ikke synder, fordi del ikke er sig sin Existents bevidst som saadan, saa er dets Existents dog seet i Ideen Synd, og det Ethiske kræver sig selv af det i ethvert Øieblik.","translation":"for this is the form of sin, seen in the Idea, so that although the child does not sin, because it is not conscious of its existence as such, yet its existence, seen in the Idea, is sin, and the ethical demands itself of it in every moment.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Synd","title":"«Synd» — sin, seen in the Idea","body":"«Synd» ('sin') here is structural rather than moral: to exist as «den Enkelte» over against «det Almene» has, 'seen in the Idea' (i.e. abstractly, in its concept), the form of sin — yet this is precisely how Abraham existed. «seet» (modern «set») = 'seen'; «del» is a typeset slip for «det» ('it')."}],"words":[{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking dette to Form","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Syndens","lemma":"synd","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Form","gloss":"sin's"},{"surface":"Form","lemma":"Form","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"seet","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"in apposition to Form (seen in the Idea)","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ideen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ideen","lemma":"Idee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of seet","gloss":"the Idea"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlates with the at-clause (so that)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces concessive clause with end (om...end = although)","gloss":"though","note":"'om...end' is a concessive pair meaning 'although/even if,' split across two words."},{"surface":"Barnet","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of synder","gloss":"the child"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlates with om (om...end = although)","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies synder","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"synder","lemma":"synde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the clause introduced by om...end","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (fordi del ikke er sig...bevidst)","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it","note":"Printer's typo for 'det' (it), referring back to Barnet."},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevidst","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking det to bevidst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive object in the idiom 'være sig X bevidst' (to be aware of X)","gloss":"itself","note":"Idiom 'være sig noget bevidst' = 'to be conscious/aware of something'; 'sig' does not translate as a separate English word."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Existents","gloss":"its own"},{"surface":"Existents","lemma":"Existents","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of the idiom bevidst (aware of)","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"bevidst","lemma":"bevidst","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate adjective completing er (være sig X bevidst = be aware of X)","gloss":"conscious"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces 'as such,' modifying bevidst","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"saadan","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adverb","role":"completes 'som saadan' (as such)","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the resumed main clause (yet)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking dets Existents to Synd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dets","lemma":"dets","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Existents","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Existents","lemma":"Existents","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er (nevertheless)","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"seet","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"participial phrase modifying Existents (seen in the Idea)","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ideen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ideen","lemma":"Idee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of seet","gloss":"the Idea"},{"surface":"Synd","lemma":"synd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate noun completing er (dets Existents er...Synd)","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kræver","gloss":"the ethical"},{"surface":"kræver","lemma":"kræve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with er (main verb of the second clause)","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of kræver","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"intensifies sig (itself)","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kræver","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Øieblik","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"ethvert","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Øieblik","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Øieblik","lemma":"Øieblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kræver","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"problema-i-s99","source":"Vil man negte, at denne Form lader sig gjentage saaledes, at den ikke er Synd, saa er Dommen fældet over Abraham.","translation":"If one will deny that this form can be repeated in such a way that it is not sin, then the verdict has been passed on Abraham.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"negte","title":"«negte», «gjentage» — period spellings","body":"«negte» (modern «nægte», 'deny') and «gjentage» (modern «gentage», 'repeat') show two different orthographic features. «gjentage» → «gentage» illustrates the «gj-» → «g-» reform (the concept below). The change «negte» → «nægte» is a vowel-quality shift (e → æ), not the silent-j pattern; these are distinct phenomena. «Vil man negte … saa er Dommen fældet» is a conditional without «hvis»: the fronted verb «Vil» carries the 'if' sense — 'should one deny … then the verdict is passed'. «Dommen … fældet» = 'the verdict (is) passed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of negte","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of negte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"negte","lemma":"negte","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Vil","gloss":"deny"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lader","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Form","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Form","lemma":"Form","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"lets","note":"Idiom 'lade sig gjentage' means 'to be repeated' — a reflexive construction with a passive sense."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"gjentage","lemma":"gjentage","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of lader (passive sense)","gloss":"be repeated"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlates with the at-clause (so that)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er...Synd","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Synd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Synd","lemma":"synd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate noun completing er (den ikke er Synd)","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the resumed main clause (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fældet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Dommen","lemma":"dom","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of fældet","gloss":"the verdict"},{"surface":"fældet","lemma":"fælde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb (participle) of the clause, with er as auxiliary","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of fældet","gloss":"Abraham"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"problema-i-s100","source":"Hvorledes existerede da Abraham?","translation":"How, then, did Abraham exist?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existerede","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"existerede","lemma":"existere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existerede","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of existerede","gloss":"Abraham"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"problema-i-s101","source":"Han troede.","translation":"He believed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Han troede","title":"«Han troede» — he believed","body":"The two-word answer is the hinge of the whole work: Abraham's mode of existence is «Tro», faith. «troede» is the past tense of «at troe» ('to believe', modern «at tro»). Everything that follows unfolds this single verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of troede","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"troede","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"problema-i-s102","source":"Dette er det Paradox, ved hvilket han bliver paa Spidsen, hvilket han ikke kan gjøre tydeligt for nogen Anden, thi Paradoxet er, at han som den Enkelte sætter sig i et absolut Forhold til det Absolute.","translation":"This is the paradox by which he stays at the summit, which he cannot make clear to anyone else, for the paradox is that he, as the single individual, sets himself in an absolute relation to the Absolute.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Paradoxet","title":"«Paradoxet» — the absolute relation to the Absolute","body":"«Paradoxet» ('the paradox') is faith itself, stated here in its sharpest formula: «den Enkelte» (the single individual) stands in 'an absolute relation to the Absolute' — higher than «det Almene». Because it cannot be mediated into the universal, Abraham «kan ikke gjøre [det] tydeligt» — cannot make it intelligible to anyone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Paradox","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun completing er","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the relative clause (by which)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"object of ved, introducing the relative clause (bliver)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bliver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by ved hvilket","gloss":"stays"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Spidsen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Spidsen","lemma":"spids","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of bliver","gloss":"the summit"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of gjøre","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjøre","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjøre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjøre","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause (object = hvilket)","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"tydeligt","lemma":"tydelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of gjøre","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nogen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nogen","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition for","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"Anden","lemma":"anden","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies nogen","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the following clause (Paradoxet er...)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Paradoxet to the at-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sætter","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sætter","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object of som (as the single individual)","gloss":"single individual","note":"Kierkegaard's key term 'den Enkelte' = 'the single individual,' central to his account of Abraham's paradox of faith."},{"surface":"sætter","lemma":"sætte","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"sets"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of sætter","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forhold","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Forhold","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"absolut","lemma":"absolut","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Forhold","gloss":"absolute"},{"surface":"Forhold","lemma":"Forhold","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sætter","gloss":"relation"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Absolute","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Absolute","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Absolute","lemma":"absolut","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"object of til, modifies Forhold","gloss":"absolute"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"problema-i-s103","source":"Er han berettiget?","translation":"Is he justified?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berettiget","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"justified"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"problema-i-s104","source":"Hans Berettigelse er igjen det Paradoxe; thi dersom han er det, er han det ikke i Kraft af at være noget Almeent, men i Kraft af at være den Enkelte.","translation":"His justification is again the paradoxical; for if he is justified, he is so not by virtue of being something universal, but by virtue of being the single individual.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dersom","title":"«dersom», «i Kraft af» — if; by virtue of","body":"«dersom» = 'if' (conditional), the more formal alternative to «hvis». «i Kraft af» ('by virtue of, in force of') is Kierkegaard's signature phrase for the ground of faith — Abraham is justified «i Kraft af at være den Enkelte», by virtue of being the single individual, not the universal («noget Almeent»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner, possessive","role":"determiner of Berettigelse","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Berettigelse","lemma":"berettigelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"justification"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Berettigelse to Paradoxe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"igjen","lemma":"igjen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradoxe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Paradoxe","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"paradoxical"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the following clause (dersom...)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dersom","lemma":"dersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking han to det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er, referring back to berettiget","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking han to det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er, referring back to berettiget","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kraft","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"Kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, in the idiom i Kraft af (by virtue of)","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of være","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of være","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to Almeent","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almeent","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"Almeent","lemma":"Almen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"universal","note":"Kierkegaard's term for 'the universal' (the sphere of general ethical duty), contrasted with 'den Enkelte,' the single individual."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kraft","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"Kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of i, in the idiom i Kraft af (by virtue of)","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of være","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of være","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to Enkelte","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"single individual"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"problema-i-s105","source":". Hvorledes forvisser da den Enkelte sig om, at han er berettiget?","translation":"How, then, does the single individual assure himself that he is justified?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forvisser","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"forvisser","lemma":"forvisse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"assures"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forvisser","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of forvisser","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive object of forvisser","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of berettiget","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of berettiget","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berettiget","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb (participle) of the at-clause, with er as auxiliary","gloss":"justified"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"problema-i-s106","source":"Det er nemt nok. at nivelleré hele Tilværelsen påa Statens Idee eller paa en Samfunds-ldee.","translation":"It is easy enough to level the whole of existence onto the Idea of the State or onto an Idea of society.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nivelleré","title":"«nivellere» — to level","body":"«nivellere» ('to level, flatten out') is a charged Kierkegaardian word for dissolving the individual into the crowd or the abstraction of the State. The source has typeset slips: a stray period in «nemt nok. at», an accent in «nivelleré», «påa» for «paa» ('onto'), and «Samfunds-ldee» for «Samfunds-Idee» ('Idea of society')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nemt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nemt","lemma":"nem","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective completing er","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nemt","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of nivelleré","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nivelleré","lemma":"nivellere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive clause complementing nemt (it is easy to level)","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Tilværelsen","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"Tilværelsen","lemma":"tilværelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of nivelleré","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"påa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Idee","gloss":"onto","note":"Printer's typo for 'paa' (onto/upon)."},{"surface":"Statens","lemma":"stat","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Idee","gloss":"the State's"},{"surface":"Idee","lemma":"Idee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa (Statens Idee)","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Samfunds-ldee, coordinated with paa Statens Idee","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Samfunds-ldee","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Samfunds-ldee","lemma":"samfunds-idee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa","gloss":"society's idea","note":"Printer's typo: 'ldee' should read 'Idee' (lowercase L misread for capital I)."}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"problema-i-s107","source":"Gjør man det, saa kan man ogsaa let nok mediere; thi da kommer man slet ikke til Paradoxet, at den Enkelte som den Enkelte er højere end det Almene, hvilket jeg ogsaa betegnende kan udtrykke i en Sætning af Pythagoras, at det ulige Tal er fuldkomnere end det lige Tal.","translation":"If one does that, then one can also mediate easily enough; for then one never comes to the paradox at all, that the single individual as the single individual is higher than the universal, which I can also tellingly express in a saying of Pythagoras, that the odd number is more perfect than the even number.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gjør","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"conditional verb (V1 if-clause): if one does that","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of Gjør","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Gjør","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the resumed main clause (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mediere","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of mediere","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mediere","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mediere (easily)","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies let","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"mediere","lemma":"mediere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause (infinitive complement of kan)","gloss":"mediate"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by thi","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"slet","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke (slet ikke = not at all)","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Paradoxet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (den Enkelte...er højere)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object of som (as the single individual)","gloss":"single individual"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to højere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate adjective completing er","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Almene (than)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"Almen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of end (than the universal)","gloss":"universal"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"object of udtrykke, introducing the relative clause","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of udtrykke","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udtrykke","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"betegnende","lemma":"betegne","morphology":"adverb (present participle)","role":"modifies udtrykke (tellingly)","gloss":"tellingly"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of udtrykke","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"udtrykke","lemma":"udtrykke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause (object = hvilket)","gloss":"express"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sætning","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Sætning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sætning","lemma":"Sætning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of udtrykke","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Pythagoras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Pythagoras","lemma":"Pythagoras","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Sætning","gloss":"Pythagoras"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (det ulige Tal er fuldkomnere)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ulige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ulige","lemma":"ulig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Tal","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"Tal","lemma":"Tal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fuldkomnere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fuldkomnere","lemma":"fuldkommen","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate adjective completing er","gloss":"more perfect"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tal (than)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Tal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lige","lemma":"lige","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Tal","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Tal","lemma":"Tal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of end (than the even number)","gloss":"number"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"problema-i-s108","source":"Forsaavidt man leilighedsviis i vor Tid hører et Svar i Retning af Paradoxet, da lyder det gjerne saaledes: det bedømmer man efter Udfaldet.","translation":"Insofar as one occasionally in our time hears an answer in the direction of the paradox, it usually runs thus: one judges that by the outcome.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Udfaldet","title":"«Udfaldet» — the outcome","body":"«Udfaldet» ('the outcome, the result') is the target of the long polemic that follows: the cowardly habit of judging the great by their results rather than their beginnings. «leilighedsviis» (modern «lejlighedsvis») = 'occasionally'; «bedømme efter Udfaldet» = 'to judge by the outcome', the phrase Kierkegaard will hammer at repeatedly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Forsaavidt","lemma":"forsaavidt","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hører","gloss":"insofar as"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of hører","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"leilighedsviis","lemma":"leilighedsviis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hører","gloss":"occasionally"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tid","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Tid","lemma":"Tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hører","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"hører","lemma":"høre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the Forsaavidt-clause","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Svar","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Svar","lemma":"Svar","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hører","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Retning","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Retning","lemma":"retning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Svar","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Paradoxet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Retning","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyder","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lyder","lemma":"lyde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lyder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gjerne","lemma":"gjerne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyder","gloss":"usually"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyder","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bedømmer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bedømmer","lemma":"bedømme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause following the colon (elaborates saaledes)","gloss":"judges"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of bedømmer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udfaldet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of bedømmer","gloss":"the outcome"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"problema-i-s109","source":"En Helt, der er bleven sin Samtids oxavdalov, i Bevidsthed af, at han er et Paradox, der ikke kan gjøre sig forstaaelig, tilraaber trøstig Samtiden: Udfaldet skal vel bevise, at jeg var berettiget.","translation":"A hero who has become a scandal to his age, in the consciousness that he is a paradox who cannot make himself intelligible, confidently calls out to his contemporaries: the outcome will surely prove that I was justified.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tilraaber","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of the relative clause (er bleven)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bleven","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"bleven","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb (participle) of the relative clause, predicate = oxavdalov","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Samtids","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Samtids","lemma":"samtid","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of oxavdalov","gloss":"age's"},{"surface":"oxavdalov","lemma":"forargelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate noun completing er bleven","gloss":"scandal","note":"The source text is garbled here (likely OCR corruption of 'Forargelse' = scandal/offense); the gloss follows the English translation."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bevidsthed","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Bevidsthed","lemma":"Bevidsthed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying Helt/tilraaber (in the consciousness that...)","gloss":"consciousness"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the at-clause complementing Bevidsthed","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (han er et Paradox)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Paradox","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun completing er","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of gjøre","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjøre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjøre","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause (der...kan gjøre)","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"forstaaelig","lemma":"forstaaelig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gjøre","gloss":"intelligible"},{"surface":"tilraaber","lemma":"tilraabe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"calls out"},{"surface":"trøstig","lemma":"trøstig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tilraaber (confidently)","gloss":"confidently"},{"surface":"Samtiden","lemma":"samtid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"object of tilraaber (to his contemporaries)","gloss":"his contemporaries"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of bevise","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bevise","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevise","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"bevise","lemma":"bevise","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence (infinitive complement of skal)","gloss":"prove"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of berettiget","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berettiget","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb (participle) of the at-clause, with var as auxiliary","gloss":"justified"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"problema-i-s110","source":"I vor Tid hører man sjeldnere dette Raab; thi som den ikke frembringer Helte, hvilket er dens Brøst, saa har den det Gode, at den ogsaa frembringer faa Karrikaturer.","translation":"In our time one hears this cry more rarely; for as our age produces no heroes, which is its defect, so it has this good, that it also produces few caricatures.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Brøst","title":"«Brøst» — defect, failing","body":"«Brøst» is an older word for 'fault, defect, blemish' (related to English 'burst' and German «Gebresten»). «sjeldnere» (modern «sjældnere») = 'more rarely'; «frembringer» = 'brings forth, produces'; «Karrikaturer» = 'caricatures'."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tid","gloss":"our","note":"Archaic possessive 'vor' (modern Danish 'vores')."},{"surface":"Tid","lemma":"Tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hører","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"hører","lemma":"høre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of hører","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sjeldnere","lemma":"sjelden","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies hører","gloss":"more rarely"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Raab","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Raab","lemma":"Raab","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hører","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of frembringer, correlative with saa","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frembringer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frembringer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"frembringer","lemma":"frembringe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the som-clause","gloss":"produces"},{"surface":"Helte","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of frembringer","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"hvilket","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking hvilket to Brøst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dens","lemma":"dens","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Brøst","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Brøst","lemma":"Brøst","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"defect"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har, correlative with som","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the saa-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Gode","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Gode","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominalized, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining det Gode","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frembringer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frembringer","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"frembringer","lemma":"frembringe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"produces"},{"surface":"faa","lemma":"faa","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Karrikaturer","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"Karrikaturer","lemma":"Karrikatur","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of frembringer","gloss":"caricatures"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"problema-i-s111","source":"Naar man da i vor Tid hører disse Ord: det skal bedømmes efter Udfaldet, saa er man strax klar over, hvem man har den Ære at tale med.","translation":"When, then, in our time one hears these words: it shall be judged by the outcome, one is at once clear about whom one has the honor of speaking with.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hører","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of hører","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hører","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tid","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Tid","lemma":"Tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hører","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"hører","lemma":"høre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the Naar-clause","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Ord","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Ord","lemma":"Ord","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hører","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bedømmes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bedømmes","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"bedømmes","lemma":"bedømme","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of hører","gloss":"be judged"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udfaldet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bedømmes","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking man to klar","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of er","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"strax","lemma":"strax","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klar","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"klar","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of er","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on klar, introduces the clause of har","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hvem","lemma":"hvem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of har","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvem-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Ære","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ære","lemma":"Ære","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive clause modifying Ære","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Ære","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tale","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"problema-i-s112","source":"De, der tale saaledes, er et talrigt Folkefærd, som jeg med eet fælles Navn vil kalde Docenterne.","translation":"Those who speak thus are a numerous tribe, whom I will call by one common name: the lecturers.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Docenterne","title":"«Docenterne» — the lecturers / docents","body":"«Docenterne» ('the lecturers, the docents') is Kierkegaard's contemptuous name for the comfortable academic class — system-builders, secure in their posts, who judge the great from a safe distance. «Folkefærd» = 'a people, a tribe' (often slightly disparaging); «eet» (modern «ét») = 'one'."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of er","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of tale","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, plural (archaic)","role":"verb of the relative clause on De","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tale","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking De to Folkefærd","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Folkefærd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"talrigt","lemma":"talrig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Folkefærd","gloss":"numerous"},{"surface":"Folkefærd","lemma":"Folkefærd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun complement of er","gloss":"tribe"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of kalde","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kalde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Navn","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"eet","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Navn","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"fælles","lemma":"fælles","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Navn","gloss":"common"},{"surface":"Navn","lemma":"Navn","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition med","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kalde","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"kalde","lemma":"kalde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"verb of the relative clause introduced by som","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"Docenterne","lemma":"Docent","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural, definite","role":"predicate complement of kalde","gloss":"the lecturers"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"problema-i-s113","source":"De leve i deres Tanker betryggede i Tilværelsen, de have en fast Stilling og sikkre Udsigter i en velorganiseret Stat, de have Aarhundreder, eller vel endog Aartusinder mellem sig og Tilværelsens Rystelser, de frygte ikke for, at Sligt kan gjentages, hvad vilde ogsaa Politiet og Bladene sige?","translation":"They live secured in their thoughts within existence, they have a fixed position and sure prospects in a well-organized State, they have centuries, or indeed even millennia, between themselves and the upheavals of existence, they do not fear that such a thing could be repeated — and what, besides, would the police and the newspapers say?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De leve … de have","title":"«leve», «have» — old plural verb forms","body":"«De leve», «de have», «de frygte» keep the old plural verb endings in «-e» that modern Danish has dropped (now «de lever», «de har», «de frygter»). «Aarhundreder» = 'centuries', «Aartusinder» = 'millennia'; «Sligt» = 'such a thing'. The deflating mention of «Politiet og Bladene» ('the police and the newspapers') skewers bourgeois security."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of leve","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"leve","lemma":"leve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tanker","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deres","lemma":"deres","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Tanker","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Tanker","lemma":"Tanke","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of preposition i, modifies betryggede","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"betryggede","lemma":"betrygget","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural","role":"predicate complement of leve, describes De","gloss":"secured"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tilværelsen","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"Tilværelsen","lemma":"Tilværelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of leve","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of have","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with leve","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Stilling","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Stilling","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"Stilling","lemma":"Stilling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of have","gloss":"position"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sikkre","lemma":"sikker","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Udsigter","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"Udsigter","lemma":"Udsigt","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of have, coordinated with Stilling","gloss":"prospects"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stat","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Stat","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"velorganiseret","lemma":"velorganiseret","morphology":"adjective (past participle), common gender, singular","role":"modifies Stat","gloss":"well-organized"},{"surface":"Stat","lemma":"Stat","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition i, modifies Udsigter","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of have","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with leve","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"Aarhundreder","lemma":"Aarhundrede","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of have","gloss":"centuries"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies endog","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"endog","lemma":"endog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Aartusinder","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Aartusinder","lemma":"Aartusinde","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of have, coordinated with Aarhundreder","gloss":"millennia"},{"surface":"mellem","lemma":"mellem","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"object of preposition mellem","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tilværelsens","lemma":"Tilværelse","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Rystelser","gloss":"existence's"},{"surface":"Rystelser","lemma":"Rystelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with sig, object of mellem","gloss":"upheavals"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of frygte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"frygte","lemma":"frygte","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with leve","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frygte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on frygte, introduces the following at-clause","gloss":"about","note":"'frygte for, at...' is an idiom meaning 'to fear that...'."},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjentages","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sligt","lemma":"slig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjentages","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjentages","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"gjentages","lemma":"gjentage","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"verb of the at-clause","gloss":"be repeated"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sige, fronted","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vilde","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"Politiet","lemma":"Politi","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"the police"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Bladene","lemma":"Blad","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural, definite","role":"coordinated with Politiet","gloss":"the papers"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause, complement of vilde","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"problema-i-s114","source":"Deres Gjerning i Livet er at bedømme de store Mænd, og bedømme dem efter Udfaldet.","translation":"Their life's work is to judge the great men, and to judge them by the outcome.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Deres","lemma":"deres","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Gjerning","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Gjerning","lemma":"Gjerning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Livet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Livet","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"modifies Gjerning","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bedømme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bedømme","lemma":"bedømme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of er","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Mænd","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Mænd","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Mænd","lemma":"Mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bedømme","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bedømme","lemma":"bedømme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with bedømme (w7), complement of er","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of bedømme","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udfaldet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bedømme","gloss":"the outcome"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"problema-i-s115","source":"En saadan Adfærd mod det Store røber en besynderlig Blanding af Hovmod og Elendighed, Hovmod, fordi man mener sig kaldet til at bedømme, Elendighed, fordi man ikke føler sit Liv end ikke i fjerneste Maade beslægtet med de Stores.","translation":"Such conduct toward greatness betrays a curious mixture of arrogance and wretchedness — arrogance, because one believes oneself called to judge; wretchedness, because one does not feel one's own life in the remotest degree akin to that of the great.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Hovmod","title":"«Hovmod» og «Elendighed» — arrogance and wretchedness","body":"«Hovmod» ('arrogance, pride, hubris') and «Elendighed» ('wretchedness, misery') name the two faces of the lecturer's relation to greatness. «røber» = 'betrays, reveals'; «beslægtet med» = 'akin to, related to'; «de Stores» = 'the great ones'' (genitive plural)."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Adfærd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadan","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Adfærd","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Adfærd","lemma":"Adfærd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of røber","gloss":"conduct"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Store","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Store","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominalized, singular","role":"object of preposition mod","gloss":"greatness"},{"surface":"røber","lemma":"røbe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"betrays"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Blanding","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"besynderlig","lemma":"besynderlig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Blanding","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"Blanding","lemma":"Blanding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of røber","gloss":"mixture"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hovmod","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Hovmod","lemma":"Hovmod","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition af","gloss":"arrogance"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Elendighed","lemma":"Elendighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Hovmod","gloss":"wretchedness"},{"surface":"Hovmod","lemma":"Hovmod","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"restates Hovmod (w12), explained by the fordi-clause","gloss":"arrogance"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mener","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of mener","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"mener","lemma":"mene","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the fordi-clause explaining Hovmod","gloss":"believes"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of mener","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"kaldet","lemma":"kalde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of sig","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bedømme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bedømme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bedømme","lemma":"bedømme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kaldet","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"Elendighed","lemma":"Elendighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"restates Elendighed (w14), explained by the fordi-clause","gloss":"wretchedness"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of føler","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of føler","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies føler","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"føler","lemma":"føle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the fordi-clause explaining Elendighed","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Liv","gloss":"one's own"},{"surface":"Liv","lemma":"Liv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of føler","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom end ikke ('not even'), modifies beslægtet","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beslægtet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fjerneste","lemma":"fjern","morphology":"adjective, superlative","role":"modifies Maade","gloss":"remotest"},{"surface":"Maade","lemma":"Maade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of beslægtet","gloss":"degree"},{"surface":"beslægtet","lemma":"beslægtet","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of Liv","gloss":"akin"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stores","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Stores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Stores","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominalized, plural, genitive","role":"object of preposition med","gloss":"the great ones'"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"problema-i-s116","source":"Enhver, der er blot en Smule erectioris ingenii, han er dog ikke bleven et aldeles koldt og klamt Bløddyr, og idet han nærmer sig det Store, da kan det aldrig gaae ham af Sinde, at det siden Verdens Skabelse har været Skik og Brug, at Udfaldet kommer sidst, og at man, naar man i Sandhed skal lære noget af det Store, netop maa være opmærksom paa Begyndelsen.","translation":"Anyone who is but a little of a loftier spirit has not become an utterly cold and clammy mollusk, and as he draws near to greatness it can never go out of his mind that, since the creation of the world, it has been the custom and the way that the outcome comes last, and that, when one is truly to learn something from greatness, one must precisely attend to the beginning.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase, subject of the main clause (resumed by han)","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of er","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking der to the predicate en Smule erectioris ingenii","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"blot","lemma":"blot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Smule","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Smule","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Smule","lemma":"Smule","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"little bit"},{"surface":"erectioris","lemma":"erectior","morphology":"Latin adjective, genitive, comparative","role":"modifies ingenii (Latin genitive phrase)","gloss":"loftier","note":"Kierkegaard code-switches into Latin: 'erectioris ingenii' = 'of a somewhat loftier spirit/mind'."},{"surface":"ingenii","lemma":"ingenium","morphology":"Latin noun, genitive, singular","role":"genitive complement of Smule (partitive: 'a bit of a loftier spirit')","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er (w10) / bleven (w13)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bleven (perfect tense: er bleven = 'has become')","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bleven","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bleven","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bleven","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"main verb (past participle) of 'er bleven', links han to Bløddyr","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Bløddyr","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aldeles","lemma":"aldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies koldt","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"koldt","lemma":"kold","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Bløddyr","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klamt","lemma":"klam","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with koldt","gloss":"clammy"},{"surface":"Bløddyr","lemma":"Bløddyr","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of bleven","gloss":"mollusk"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"idet","lemma":"idet","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nærmer","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nærmer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nærmer","lemma":"nærme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the idet-clause","gloss":"draws near"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive object of nærmer (nærme sig = 'approach')","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Store","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominalized, singular","role":"object of nærmer sig","gloss":"greatness"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gaae","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gaae","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gaae","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gaae","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"gaae","lemma":"gaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"object of gaae (idiom: gaae af Sinde = 'go out of one's mind')","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sinde","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Sinde","lemma":"Sind","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular (archaic oblique)","role":"oblique complement of gaae","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of gaae af Sinde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of har (w40) / været (w41)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"siden","lemma":"siden","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skabelse","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Verdens","lemma":"Verden","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Skabelse","gloss":"the world's"},{"surface":"Skabelse","lemma":"Skabelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition siden","gloss":"creation"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of været","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"main verb (past participle) of the at-clause, links det to Skik og Brug","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"Skik","lemma":"Skik","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of været","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Brug","lemma":"Brug","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Skik","gloss":"practice","note":"'Skik og Brug' is a fixed idiom meaning 'custom and practice/usage'."},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining Skik og Brug (in apposition, coordinated with the at-clause at w50)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause (in apposition to Skik og Brug)","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"sidst","lemma":"sidst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination (connects the two at-clauses in apposition to Skik og Brug)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of maa være opmærksom (coordinated with the at-clause at w45)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of maa være opmærksom","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lære","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of lære (resumptive)","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sandhed","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Sandhed","lemma":"Sandhed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of skal lære (i Sandhed = 'truly')","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lære","gloss":"is to"},{"surface":"lære","lemma":"lære","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the naar-clause","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lære","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Store","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Store","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominalized, singular","role":"object of preposition af","gloss":"greatness"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opmærksom","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"maa","lemma":"maatte","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of opmærksom","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking man to opmærksom","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"opmærksom","lemma":"opmærksom","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of være (subject: man)","gloss":"attentive"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on opmærksom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Begyndelsen","lemma":"Begyndelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of opmærksom","gloss":"the beginning"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"problema-i-s117","source":". Dersom den, der skal handle, vil bedømme sig selv efter Udfaldet, saa kommer han aldrig til at begynde.","translation":"If the one who is to act will judge himself by the outcome, then he will never come to begin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dersom","lemma":"dersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bedømme","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bedømme","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of handle","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of handle","gloss":"is to"},{"surface":"handle","lemma":"handle","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bedømme","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"bedømme","lemma":"bedømme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the Dersom-clause","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of bedømme","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun, emphatic","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udfaldet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of bedømme","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of begynde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of begynde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"begynde","lemma":"begynde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kommer (kommer til at = 'come to')","gloss":"begin"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"problema-i-s118","source":"Om da Udfaldet end kan glæde hele Verden, Helten kan det ikke hjælpe; thi Udfaldet fik han først at vide, da det Hele var forbi, og derved blev han ikke Helt, men han var det derved, at han begyndte.","translation":"Even though the outcome may delight the whole world, it cannot help the hero; for the outcome he learned only when the whole thing was over, and it was not by that that he became a hero, but he was one by the fact that he began.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Om … end","title":"«Om … end» — even though","body":"«Om da Udfaldet end kan glæde» = 'even though the outcome may delight' — the «Om … end» frame is a concessive ('although, even if'). The point: the hero is constituted by his beginning («at han begyndte»), not by the outcome he learns only afterward."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of glæde, correlative with end","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies the Om...end construction","gloss":"indeed","note":"Here 'da' is an intensifying particle within the 'om...end' concessive construction, not the temporal 'then'."},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of glæde","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative with Om (om...end = 'even though')","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glæde","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"glæde","lemma":"glæde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the Om-clause (concessive)","gloss":"delight"},{"surface":"hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Verden","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of glæde","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"Helten","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of hjælpe (fronted/topicalized)","gloss":"the hero","note":"Word order is inverted for emphasis: 'Helten' is the fronted object, not the subject — 'det' (w11) is the actual subject."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjælpe","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hjælpe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hjælpe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hjælpe","lemma":"hjælpe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of fik/vide (fronted; 'få at vide' = 'learn')","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"fik","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the thi-clause ('fik...at vide' idiom = 'learned')","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fik","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"først","lemma":"først","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fik","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vide","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vide","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"completes the idiom 'fik...at vide' with fik","gloss":"know","note":"'fik at vide' is a fixed idiom meaning 'found out/learned', not literally 'got to know'."},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Hele","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hele","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominalized, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"the whole thing"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking det Hele to forbi","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"forbi","lemma":"forbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"derved","lemma":"derved","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"thereby"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fik","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"Helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blev","gloss":"a hero"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with blev","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of var (refers back to Helt)","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"derved","lemma":"derved","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"by that"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of begyndte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begyndte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"begyndte","lemma":"begynde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause, explains derved","gloss":"began"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"problema-i-s119","source":"Desuden er Udfaldet (forsaavidt det er Endelighedens Svar paa det uendelige Spørgsmaal) i sin Dialektik aldeles ueensartet med Heltens Existents.","translation":"Besides, the outcome (insofar as it is finitude's answer to the infinite question) is in its dialectic utterly incommensurable with the hero's existence.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Endelighedens","title":"«Endelighed» vs. «det Uendelige» — finitude and the infinite","body":"«Endelighedens Svar paa det uendelige Spørgsmaal» — 'finitude's answer to the infinite question'. The outcome belongs to the finite order and so is «ueensartet» (modern «uensartet», 'heterogeneous, incommensurable') with the hero's existence, which is staked on the infinite. «Dialektik» = the dynamic structure of the concept."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desuden","lemma":"desuden","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb, modifies er","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb (copula) of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of er","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"forsaavidt","lemma":"forsaavidt","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the parenthetical clause (det er ... Spørgsmaal)","gloss":"insofar as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er (w6)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking det to Svar","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Endelighedens","lemma":"endelighed","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Svar","gloss":"finitude's"},{"surface":"Svar","lemma":"svar","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (w6)","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Spørgsmaal, modifies Svar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Spørgsmaal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uendelige","lemma":"uendelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Spørgsmaal","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"Spørgsmaal","lemma":"spørgsmaal","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of paa","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dialektik, modifies ueensartet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Dialektik","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Dialektik","lemma":"dialektik","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of i","gloss":"dialectic"},{"surface":"aldeles","lemma":"aldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ueensartet","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ueensartet","lemma":"ueensartet","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (w2)","gloss":"incommensurable","note":"Literally 'non-homogeneous' — Kierkegaard's term for two things sharing no common measure."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Existents, modifies ueensartet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Heltens","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Existents","gloss":"the hero's"},{"surface":"Existents","lemma":"existents","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of med","gloss":"existence"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"problema-i-s120","source":"Eller skal det kunne bevise, at Abraham var berettiget til at forholde sig som den Enkelte til det Almene, at han ved et Vidunder fik Isaak?","translation":"Or is the fact that he received Isaac by a miracle supposed to prove that Abraham was justified in relating himself as the single individual to the universal?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Vidunder","title":"«Vidunder» — wonder, miracle","body":"«Vidunder» = 'wonder, miracle' — here the restoration of Isaac. Kierkegaard's point is that this happy outcome cannot retroactively justify Abraham: the justification (or not) lies in the act of faith itself, not in its result. «forholde sig … til» = 'to relate oneself to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bevise","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bevise (anticipatory)","gloss":"it","note":"Anticipates the final 'at han... fik Isaak' clause; the fact of the miracle is the real (extraposed) subject of 'skal bevise.'"},{"surface":"kunne","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of bevise","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"bevise","lemma":"bevise","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prove"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of bevise","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of berettiget","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Abraham to berettiget","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of var, main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"justified"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive of forholde, modifies berettiget","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker for forholde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"forholde","lemma":"forholde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of til, modifies berettiget","gloss":"relate"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of forholde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enkelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Enkelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enkelte","lemma":"enkelt","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"complement of som, comparison target of forholde","gloss":"individual","note":"'Den Enkelte' — Kierkegaard's key term for the single individual, as opposed to 'det Almene' (the universal)."},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det Almene, modifies forholde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"complement of til, oblique complement of forholde","gloss":"universal","note":"'Det Almene' — the universal/the ethical, Kierkegaard's counterpart to 'den Enkelte.'"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the subject clause of bevise (correlate of det, w3)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fik","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vidunder","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Vidunder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Vidunder","lemma":"vidunder","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of ved, modifies fik","gloss":"miracle"},{"surface":"fik","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the subject clause (subject: han)","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of fik","gloss":"Isaac"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"problema-i-s121","source":"Hvis Abraham virkelig havde offret Isaak, skulde han derfor have været mindre berettiget?","translation":"If Abraham had really sacrificed Isaac, would he therefore have been less justified?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of offret","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of offret","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"virkelig","lemma":"virkelig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies offret","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of offret","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"offret","lemma":"offre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"adverbial clause on berettiget","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"Isaak","lemma":"Isaak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of offret","gloss":"Isaac"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berettiget","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berettiget","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"have","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"været","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, singular","role":"auxiliary of berettiget","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"mindre","lemma":"mindre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berettiget","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"justified"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"problema-i-s122","source":"Men Udfaldet er man nysgjerrig efter, som efter Udfaldet paa en Bog; Angsten, Nøden, Paradoxet vil man ikke vide Noget af.","translation":"But the outcome one is curious about, as about the ending of a book; of the anxiety, the distress, the paradox one will know nothing.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Angsten, Nøden, Paradoxet","title":"«Angsten, Nøden, Paradoxet» — anxiety, distress, paradox","body":"This triad — «Angst» (anxiety/dread), «Nød» (distress, need, anguish), «Paradox» (the paradox) — recurs as a refrain through the rest of the chunk: it names exactly what the comfortable judge of outcomes refuses to face. «nysgjerrig» (modern «nysgerrig») = 'curious'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"object of efter, fronted (topicalized)","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking man to nysgjerrig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of nysgjerrig","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"nysgjerrig","lemma":"nysgjerrig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies nysgjerrig, governs the fronted Udfaldet","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs Udfaldet (w9)","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"complement of efter (w8)","gloss":"the ending"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bog, modifies Udfaldet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Bog","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Bog","lemma":"bog","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of paa","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"Angsten","lemma":"angst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"fronted object of af, coordinated with Nøden and Paradoxet","gloss":"the anxiety"},{"surface":"Nøden","lemma":"nød","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Angsten","gloss":"the distress"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Angsten","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vide","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of vide","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vide","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vide","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"Noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vide","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies vide, governs the fronted Angsten, Nøden, Paradoxet","gloss":"of"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"problema-i-s123","source":"Udfaldet lefler man æsthetisk med; det kommer ligesaa uventet men ogsaa ligesaa let som en Gevinst i Lotteriet; og naar man har hørt Udfaldet, da har man opbygget sig.","translation":"With the outcome one flirts aesthetically; it comes just as unexpectedly but also just as easily as a win in the lottery; and when one has heard the outcome, one has been edified.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lefler … æsthetisk","title":"«lefle æsthetisk» — to flirt aesthetically","body":"«at lefle med» = 'to flirt, dally, trifle with'; «æsthetisk» (modern «æstetisk») = 'aesthetically'. To 'flirt aesthetically' with the outcome is to treat a man's faith as cheap entertainment, like a lottery win. «opbygget sig» = 'edified oneself' — a churchly word Kierkegaard turns ironic here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"object of med, fronted (topicalized)","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"lefler","lemma":"lefle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flirts"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of lefler","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"æsthetisk","lemma":"æsthetisk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lefler","gloss":"aesthetically"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies lefler, governs the fronted Udfaldet","gloss":"with","note":"'Lefle med' is a phrasal verb ('flirt/toy with'); its object 'Udfaldet' is fronted to the start of the sentence."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lefler","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ligesaa","lemma":"ligesaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uventet","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"uventet","lemma":"uventet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"unexpectedly"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies let","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ligesaa","lemma":"ligesaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies let","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with uventet, modifies kommer","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gevinst","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Gevinst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Gevinst","lemma":"gevinst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of som, modifies let","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lotteriet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Lotteriet","lemma":"lotteri","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"modifies Gevinst","gloss":"the lottery"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hørt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of hørt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hørt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"hørt","lemma":"høre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"adverbial clause on opbygget","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of hørt","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opbygget (resumptive after naar-clause)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of opbygget","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of opbygget","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"opbygget","lemma":"opbygge","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"edified"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of opbygget","gloss":"oneself"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"problema-i-s124","source":"Og dog er ingen Tempelraner, der arbeider i Bolt og Jern, saa nedrig en Forbryder, som den, der saaledes plyndrer det Hellige, og dog er Judas, der solgte sin Herre for 30 Secler, ikke foragteligere end den, der saaledes sælger det Store.","translation":"And yet no temple-robber laboring in chains and irons is so base a criminal as the one who thus plunders the holy, and yet Judas, who sold his Lord for thirty pieces of silver, is no more contemptible than the one who thus sells greatness.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tempelraner","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Tempelraner","lemma":"tempelraner","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"temple-robber"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of arbeider","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"arbeider","lemma":"arbejde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Tempelraner","gloss":"labors"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bolt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Bolt","lemma":"bolt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies arbeider","gloss":"chains"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Jern","lemma":"jern","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Bolt","gloss":"irons"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nedrig","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nedrig","lemma":"nedrig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Forbryder","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forbryder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Forbryder","lemma":"forbryder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the predicate noun phrase (complement of er)","gloss":"criminal"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of som, comparison target of nedrig","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of plyndrer","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies plyndrer","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"plyndrer","lemma":"plyndre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"plunders"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Hellige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hellige","lemma":"hellig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"direct object of plyndrer","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er (w25)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Judas to foragteligere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Judas","lemma":"Judas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of er","gloss":"Judas"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of solgte","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"solgte","lemma":"sælge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Judas","gloss":"sold"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Herre","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Herre","lemma":"herre","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of solgte","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Secler","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Secler","lemma":"sekel","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of for, modifies solgte","gloss":"pieces of silver","note":"Echoes Judas's thirty pieces of silver (Matthew 26:15); 'Secler' (shekels) is rendered 'pieces of silver' in the translation."},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foragteligere","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"foragteligere","lemma":"foragtelig","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"more contemptible"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of end, comparison target of foragteligere","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sælger","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sælger","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"sælger","lemma":"sælge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"sells"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Store","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"direct object of sælger","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"problema-i-s125","source":"Det er min Sjæl imod, at tale umenneskeligt om det Store, at lade det dæmre i en uhyre Afstand i ubestemt Skikkelse, at lade det være Stort, uden at dog det Menneskelige deri kommer frem, hvorved det da ophører at være Stort; thi ikke Hvad der hænder mig, gjør mig stor, men hvad jeg gjør, og der er dog vel Ingen, der mener, at en Mand blev stor, fordi han vandt den store Gevinst i Lotteriet.","translation":"It is against my soul to speak inhumanly of greatness, to let it loom in a vast distance in an indefinite shape, to let it be great without yet the human element in it coming forth, whereby it then ceases to be great; for it is not what happens to me that makes me great, but what I do, and surely no one thinks that a man became great because he won the great prize in the lottery.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det Menneskelige","title":"«det Menneskelige» — the human element","body":"«det Menneskelige» ('the human') is what must come forth for greatness to be real and not a remote idol: greatness lies in «hvad jeg gjør» ('what I do'), not in «Hvad der hænder mig» ('what happens to me'). «umenneskeligt» = 'inhumanly'; «dæmre» = 'to loom, dawn dimly'; «Skikkelse» = 'shape, figure'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb (idiom 'er ... imod' = is repugnant to)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"min","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Sjæl","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Sjæl","lemma":"sjæl","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of imod","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"imod","lemma":"imod","morphology":"preposition","role":"postposition governing Sjæl, forms idiom with er","gloss":"against","note":"Idiom 'være ... imod' = 'be repugnant/loathsome to'; 'Det' (w1) anticipates the infinitive clauses that follow."},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the first infinitive clause (extraposed subject of er)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the first infinitive clause","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"umenneskeligt","lemma":"umenneskeligt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tale","gloss":"inhumanly"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Store, modifies tale","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Store","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of om","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second infinitive clause, coordinated with tale","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second infinitive clause","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dæmre","lemma":"dæmre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lade","gloss":"loom"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Afstand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Afstand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uhyre","lemma":"uhyre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Afstand","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"Afstand","lemma":"afstand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dæmre","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skikkelse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ubestemt","lemma":"ubestemt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Skikkelse","gloss":"indefinite"},{"surface":"Skikkelse","lemma":"skikkelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dæmre","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the third infinitive clause, coordinated with tale and lade (w13)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the third infinitive clause","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lade, copula linking det to Stort","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Stort","lemma":"stort","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kommer, modifies lade (w24)","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneskelige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Menneskelige","lemma":"menneskelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"human element"},{"surface":"deri","lemma":"deri","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lade (w24)","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"frem","lemma":"frem","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommer","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"hvorved","lemma":"hvorved","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ophører","gloss":"whereby"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ophører","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ophører","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ophører","lemma":"ophøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on kommer","gloss":"ceases"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of være","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ophører, copula linking det to Stort","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Stort","lemma":"stort","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjør (negates the fronted clause)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the free relative clause, subject of gjør","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hænder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hænder","lemma":"hænde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Hvad","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hænder","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the thi-clause","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"object complement of gjør","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the free relative clause, coordinated with Hvad (w45)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjør","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the free relative clause (parallel to hænder)","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, expletive","role":"expletive with er","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the final clause (existential 'der er')","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of er (existential 'der er ... Ingen')","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mener","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"mener","lemma":"mene","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Ingen","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Mand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Mand","lemma":"mand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Mand to stor","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blev","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"fordi","lemma":"fordi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vandt","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vandt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vandt","lemma":"vinde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Gevinst","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Gevinst","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Gevinst","lemma":"gevinst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vandt","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lotteriet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Lotteriet","lemma":"lotteri","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"modifies Gevinst","gloss":"the lottery"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"problema-i-s126","source":"Om et Menneske blev født i ringe Kaar, jeg fordrer dog af ham, at han ikke skal være saa umenneskelig mod sig selv, at han ikke skulde kunne tænke Kongens Borg uden paa Afstand og ubestemt drømme om dens Storhed, og påa eengang ville ophøie den og ophæve den derved, at han paa en nedrig Maade ophøjede den; jeg fordrer af ham, at han skal være Menneske til tillidsfuld og værdig at træde frem ogsaa der.","translation":"Though a man was born in lowly circumstances, I still demand of him that he not be so inhuman toward himself that he could think of the King's castle only at a distance and dream vaguely of its grandeur, and at once want to exalt it and abolish it by exalting it in a base manner; I demand of him that he be human enough to step forward there too, trusting and worthy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fordrer","title":"«fordrer» — I demand","body":"«jeg fordrer af ham» ('I demand of him') is the insistent first-person claim that runs through this passage. The King's castle figures greatness: one should approach it neither cringing nor with false flattery. The source has typeset slips — «påa» for «paa» ('at/on'), «eengang» for «een Gang» ('at once'), «ophøie»/«ophøjede» ('exalt')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause (Om et Menneske blev født), modifies fordrer (w10)","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of født","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of født (passive: blev født = was born)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"født","lemma":"føde","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"predicate of Menneske (blev født = was born), main verb of the Om-clause","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kaar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ringe","lemma":"ringe","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Kaar","gloss":"lowly"},{"surface":"Kaar","lemma":"kaar","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"object of i, modifies født","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fordrer (w10)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fordrer","lemma":"fordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the first clause (jeg fordrer dog af ham, at ...)","gloss":"demand"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fordrer (w10)","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham (w13)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fordrer (w10)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of fordrer (w10)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være (w18)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies umenneskelig","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w18)","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to umenneskelig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies umenneskelig","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"umenneskelig","lemma":"umenneskelig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective of han (via være)","gloss":"inhuman"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"object of mod, modifies umenneskelig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig (intensifier)","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause (saa...at) governing tænke","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tænke","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tænke","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tænke, coordinated with kunne","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"kunne","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of tænke","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"tænke","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the result clause, governed by skulde kunne; coordinated with drømme","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"Kongens","lemma":"konge","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Borg","gloss":"the king's"},{"surface":"Borg","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tænke","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"uden","lemma":"uden","morphology":"preposition","role":"restricts tænke to paa Afstand (uden = only)","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Afstand","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Afstand","lemma":"afstand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa, modifies tænke","gloss":"a distance"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ubestemt","lemma":"ubestemt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drømme","gloss":"vaguely"},{"surface":"drømme","lemma":"drømme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tænke, governed by skulde kunne","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Storhed","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dens","lemma":"dens","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Storhed","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Storhed","lemma":"storhed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of om, modifies drømme","gloss":"grandeur"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"påa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eengang (paa eengang = at once)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"eengang","lemma":"eengang","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of paa, modifies ophøie/ophæve","gloss":"once","note":"Idiom: paa eengang means 'at once, simultaneously.'"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kunne/drømme, governed by skulde; auxiliary of ophøie","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"ophøie","lemma":"ophøie","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of ville, coordinated with ophæve","gloss":"exalt"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ophøie","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ophæve","lemma":"ophæve","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ophøie","gloss":"abolish"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ophæve","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"derved","lemma":"derved","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ophæve","gloss":"thereby"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ophøjede (derved, at... = by exalting)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ophøjede","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Maade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nedrig","lemma":"nedrig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Maade","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"Maade","lemma":"maade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa, modifies ophøjede","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"ophøjede","lemma":"ophøje","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause (derved, at han...ophøjede den)","gloss":"exalted"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ophøjede","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fordrer (w60)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fordrer","lemma":"fordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second clause (jeg fordrer af ham, at ...)","gloss":"demand"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham (w62)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fordrer (w60)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of fordrer (w60)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være (w66)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w66)","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to Menneske","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun of være, in the idiom Menneske til...at (human enough to)","gloss":"human","note":"Idiom: være Menneske til at means 'be man enough to' — not literally 'be a human being.'"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the resultative clause of træde (Menneske til...at = human enough to)","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"tillidsfuld","lemma":"tillidsfuld","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicative adjective describing han (as he træder frem)","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"værdig","lemma":"værdig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with tillidsfuld","gloss":"worthy"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker introducing træde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"træde","lemma":"træde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Menneske til (Menneske til...at træde = human enough to step)","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"frem","lemma":"frem","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on træde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies der (også der = there too)","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"adverb","role":"locative adverb, modifies træde (there)","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"problema-i-s127","source":"Han skal ikke være Umenneske nok til uforskammet at ville krænke Alt, ved lige fra Gaden at ville storme ind i Kongens Sale, derved taber han mere end Kongen; tværtimod han skal finde en Glæde i at iagttage ethvert Sømmelighedens Bud med glad og tillidsfuldt Sværmeri, som netop vil gjøre ham frimodig.","translation":"He shall not be inhuman enough impudently to want to violate everything, by wanting to storm straight from the street into the King's halls — thereby he loses more than the King; on the contrary, he shall find a joy in observing every commandment of decorum with a glad and trusting enthusiasm, which will precisely make him bold.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"frimodig","title":"«frimodig» — bold, frank, of good courage","body":"«frimodig» (literally 'free-minded') = 'bold, candid, of good cheer' — the bearing Kierkegaard prescribes toward greatness: not impudent storming, but glad reverence that makes one free. «Sømmelighedens Bud» = 'the commandment of propriety/decorum'; «Sværmeri» = 'enthusiasm, fervor'; «tværtimod» = 'on the contrary'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være (w4)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w4)","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Umenneske (negates the predicate)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to Umenneske","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Umenneske","lemma":"umenneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun of være, in the idiom Umenneske nok til...at (inhuman enough to)","gloss":"inhuman","note":"Idiom: Umenneske nok til at means 'inhuman enough to.'"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Umenneske","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of krænke (nok til...at = enough to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uforskammet","lemma":"uforskammet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies krænke (via ville)","gloss":"impudently"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker introducing krænke","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of krænke","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"krænke","lemma":"krænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of til (nok til at)","gloss":"violate"},{"surface":"Alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of krænke","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the ved-at clause elaborating krænke (ved at storme = by storming)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"lige","lemma":"lige","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fra Gaden (straight from)","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gaden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Gaden","lemma":"gade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"object of fra, modifies storme","gloss":"the street"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker introducing storme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of storme","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"storme","lemma":"storme","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of ved (ved...at storme)","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"ind","lemma":"ind","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on storme","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sale","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Kongens","lemma":"konge","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Sale","gloss":"the king's"},{"surface":"Sale","lemma":"sal","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of i, complement of ind/storme","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"derved","lemma":"derved","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies taber","gloss":"thereby"},{"surface":"taber","lemma":"tabe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second clause (derved taber han mere end Kongen)","gloss":"loses"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of taber","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mere","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"direct object of taber","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction","role":"comparative conjunction linking to Kongen","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"Kongen","lemma":"konge","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"object of end (comparison)","gloss":"the King"},{"surface":"tværtimod","lemma":"tværtimod","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb, introduces the third clause","gloss":"on the contrary"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finde","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"finde","lemma":"finde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the third clause (tværtimod han skal finde...)","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Glæde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Glæde","lemma":"glæde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finde","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of iagttage (i at iagttage = in observing)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker introducing iagttage","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"iagttage","lemma":"iagttage","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of i, modifies Glæde","gloss":"observe"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Bud","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Sømmelighedens","lemma":"sømmelighed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Bud","gloss":"of decorum"},{"surface":"Bud","lemma":"bud","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of iagttage","gloss":"commandment"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sværmeri (med glad og tillidsfuldt Sværmeri)","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Sværmeri","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillidsfuldt","lemma":"tillidsfuld","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with glad, modifies Sværmeri","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"Sværmeri","lemma":"sværmeri","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of med, modifies iagttage","gloss":"enthusiasm"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of gjøre, refers to Sværmeri","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjøre","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjøre","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying Sværmeri","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjøre","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"frimodig","lemma":"frimodig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective, object complement of ham (gjøre ham frimodig)","gloss":"bold"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"problema-i-s128","source":"Dette er kun et Billede; thi hiin Forskjel er kun et saare ufuldkomment Udtryk for Aandens Afstand.","translation":"This is only an image; for that difference is but a very imperfect expression for the distance of the spirit.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Aandens","title":"«Aand» — spirit","body":"«Aand» (modern «ånd») = 'spirit, mind' — the distance that matters is not social rank but «Aandens Afstand», the distance of the spirit. «hiin» = 'that, yonder' (archaic demonstrative); «saare» = 'very, exceedingly' (archaic); «Forskjel» (modern «forskel») = 'difference'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er (w2)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Dette to Billede","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Billede","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Billede","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Billede","lemma":"billede","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun of er (w2)","gloss":"image"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause (for), links to Dette er...","gloss":"for","note":"Archaic conjunction meaning 'for/because' (not the modern fordi)."},{"surface":"hiin","lemma":"hiin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forskjel","gloss":"that","note":"Archaic demonstrative meaning 'that' (modern hin); plural hine = 'those.'"},{"surface":"Forskjel","lemma":"forskjel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er (w9)","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking Forskjel to Udtryk","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saare","lemma":"saare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ufuldkomment","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ufuldkomment","lemma":"ufuldkomment","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"imperfect"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun of er (w9)","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Afstand","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Aandens","lemma":"aand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive, definite","role":"possessor of Afstand","gloss":"the spirit's"},{"surface":"Afstand","lemma":"afstand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of for, modifies Udtryk","gloss":"distance"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"problema-i-s129","source":"Jeg fordrer af ethvert Menneske, at han ikke skal tænke umenneskeligt nok om sig selv, til at han ikke tør træde ind i hine Palladser, hvor ikke blot Mindet om de Udvalgte boer; men hvor de selv boe.","translation":"I demand of every human being that he not think so inhumanly of himself that he dare not step into those palaces where not merely the memory of the chosen ones dwells, but where they themselves dwell.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"de Udvalgte","title":"«de Udvalgte» — the chosen ones","body":"«de Udvalgte» = 'the chosen, the elect' — the great spirits who, in Kierkegaard's image, still dwell in their palaces, not merely remembered. «hine» = 'those' (archaic); «Palladser» (modern «paladser») = 'palaces'; «boer»/«boe» are the old singular/plural forms of 'dwells/dwell' (modern «bor»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fordrer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fordrer","lemma":"fordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"demand"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Menneske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fordrer","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of fordrer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tænke","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tænke","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tænke","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"tænke","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause (object of fordrer)","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"umenneskeligt","lemma":"umenneskelig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tænke","gloss":"inhumanly"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies umenneskeligt","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"object of om, modifies tænke","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig (intensifier)","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the result clause of træde (nok...til at = enough that)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of træde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of træde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies træde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of træde","gloss":"dare"},{"surface":"træde","lemma":"træde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the til-at clause (nok...til at træde)","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"ind","lemma":"ind","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on træde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Palladser","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"hine","lemma":"hiin","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Palladser","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"Palladser","lemma":"palads","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"object of i, modifies træde","gloss":"palaces"},{"surface":"hvor","lemma":"hvor","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb, introduces the clause on Palladser","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of ikke blot...men, modifies Mindet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"blot","lemma":"blot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Mindet","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"Mindet","lemma":"minde","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of boer","gloss":"the memory"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udvalgte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Udvalgte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Udvalgte","lemma":"udvalgt","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"object of om, modifies Mindet","gloss":"the chosen ones"},{"surface":"boer","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (Mindet boer)","gloss":"dwells","note":"19th-century Danish marked singular vs. plural verbs distinctly: boer (dwells, singular) here vs. boe (dwell, plural, w38)."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hvor","lemma":"hvor","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb, introduces the second clause on Palladser","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of boe","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies de (intensifier, themselves)","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"boe","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, plural","role":"main verb of the second relative clause, coordinated with boer","gloss":"dwell"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"problema-i-s130","source":"Han skal ikke uforskammet trænge sig frem og paadutte dem sit Slægtskab, han skal være salig for hver Gang han bøier sig for dem, men han skal være frimodig og tillidsfuld og altid være noget mere end en Gangkone; thi vil han ikke være mere, da kommer han aldrig derind.","translation":"He shall not impudently push himself forward and foist his kinship upon them, he shall be blissful each time he bows before them, but he shall be bold and trusting and always be something more than a charwoman; for if he will not be more, then he will never get in there.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gangkone","title":"«Gangkone» — charwoman","body":"«Gangkone» is an old word for a cleaning-woman or charwoman — one who enters the great house only to serve, never as kin. The point: approach greatness with bold reverence, as more than a servant. «paadutte» = 'to foist, palm off on'; «Slægtskab» = 'kinship'; «salig» = 'blissful, blessed'; «bøier sig» = 'bows'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trænge","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of trænge","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uforskammet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"uforskammet","lemma":"uforskammet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trænge","gloss":"impudently"},{"surface":"trænge","lemma":"trænge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"push"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of trænge","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"frem","lemma":"frem","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trænge","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"paadutte","lemma":"paadutte","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with trænge","gloss":"foist"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"indirect object of paadutte","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Slægtskab","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Slægtskab","lemma":"slægtskab","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of paadutte","gloss":"kinship"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være (w15)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w15)","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to salig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"salig","lemma":"salig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective of han (via være)","gloss":"blissful"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gang, modifies salig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hver","lemma":"hver","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Gang","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"Gang","lemma":"gang","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of for; head of the temporal clause (han bøier sig...)","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bøier","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bøier","lemma":"bøie","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Gang","gloss":"bows"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of bøier","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of bøier","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være (w28)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w28)","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to frimodig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"frimodig","lemma":"frimodig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective of han (via være), coordinated with tillidsfuld","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillidsfuld","lemma":"tillidsfuld","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with frimodig","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"altid","lemma":"altid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være (w34)","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to mere (noget mere end en Gangkone — third predicate), coordinated with være (w28)","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of mere","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"mere","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"predicate complement of være (w34), coordinated with frimodig","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction","role":"comparative conjunction linking to Gangkone","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Gangkone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Gangkone","lemma":"gangkone","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of end (comparison)","gloss":"charwoman"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the final clause (for), links to the previous sentence","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w44), in the conditional clause (vil han ikke være mere = if he will not be more)","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of være (w44)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies være (w44)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking han to mere (w45), in the conditional clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"mere","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"predicate complement of være (w44)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb (then), introduces the main clause after the conditional, modifies kommer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"gets"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"derind","lemma":"derind","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"in there"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"problema-i-s131","source":"Og det, der skal hjælpe ham, er netop Angsten og Nøden, hvori de Store blive forsøgte, thi ellers vilde disse, hvis han har en Smule Marv i sig, blot vække hans retfærdige Misundelse.","translation":"And what shall help him is precisely the anxiety and the distress in which the great are tried, for otherwise these — if he has a little marrow in him — would merely awaken his righteous envy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"forsøgte","title":"«forsøgte» — tried, tested","body":"«blive forsøgte» = 'are tried, are put to the test' — it is the «Angst» and «Nød» of the great, their trial, that makes them approachable rather than merely enviable. «Marv» = 'marrow', i.e. inner strength, backbone; «retfærdige Misundelse» = 'righteous/just envy'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination, connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er (w7), with der forms 'that which'","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of hjælpe","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjælpe","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"hjælpe","lemma":"hjælpe","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjælpe","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"netop","lemma":"netop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Angsten","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"Angsten","lemma":"angst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"predicate noun of er","gloss":"the anxiety"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Nøden","lemma":"nød","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Angsten","gloss":"the distress"},{"surface":"hvori","lemma":"hvori","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb, introduces the clause of forsøgte","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Store","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Store","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"subject of forsøgte (passive with blive)","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of forsøgte","gloss":"are","note":"19th-century Danish used a distinct plural present: blive (are), vs. singular bliver."},{"surface":"forsøgte","lemma":"forsøge","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural","role":"main verb of the hvori-clause (passive with blive), modifies Angsten og Nøden","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the final clause (for)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ellers","lemma":"ellers","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vilde","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"vilde","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vække, main verb of the final clause","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of vække","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of har","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvis-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Marv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Smule","lemma":"smule","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Marv (partitive: en Smule Marv = a little marrow)","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"Marv","lemma":"marv","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"marrow"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"object of i, modifies har","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"blot","lemma":"blot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vække","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"vække","lemma":"vække","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vilde","gloss":"awaken"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Misundelse","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"retfærdige","lemma":"retfærdig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Misundelse","gloss":"righteous"},{"surface":"Misundelse","lemma":"misundelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vække","gloss":"envy"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"problema-i-s132","source":"Og hvad der kun kan være stort paa Afstand, hvad man ved Hjælp af tomme og udhulede Phraser vil gjøre til noget Stort, det tilintetgjør man selv.","translation":"And whatever can be great only at a distance, whatever one would make into something great by the help of empty and hollowed-out phrases, one oneself annihilates it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"relative pronoun, introduces the first free relative clause (object of tilintetgjør)","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of være (w6)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of være (w6)","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking der to stort","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective of der (via være)","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Afstand","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Afstand","lemma":"afstand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa, modifies være stort","gloss":"a distance"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"relative pronoun, introduces the second free relative clause; fronted direct object of gjøre","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of gjøre","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hjælp","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Hjælp","lemma":"hjælp","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ved, modifies gjøre","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Phraser","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tomme","lemma":"tom","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Phraser","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"udhulede","lemma":"udhule","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with tomme","gloss":"hollowed-out"},{"surface":"Phraser","lemma":"phrase","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of af, modifies Hjælp","gloss":"phrases"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjøre","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"gjøre","lemma":"gjøre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second hvad-clause","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stort","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Stort","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"Stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object of til, modifies gjøre","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tilintetgjør (fronted, refers back to both hvad-clauses)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tilintetgjør","lemma":"tilintetgjøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"annihilates","note":"Compound verb: til intet gjøre, literally 'make into nothing' — hence 'annihilate.'"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of tilintetgjør","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies man (intensifier, oneself)","gloss":"oneself"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"problema-i-s133","source":"Hvo var stor i Verden som hiin benaadede Qvinde, Guds Moder, Jomfru Maria?","translation":"Who was great in the world like that favored woman, the Mother of God, the Virgin Mary?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hvo","title":"«Hvo», «Qvinde» — who; woman (period spellings)","body":"«Hvo» is the archaic 'who' (modern «hvem»); «Qvinde» (modern «kvinde», 'woman') keeps the old «Qv-» for «Kv-». «benaadede» (modern «benådede») = 'favored, graced' — rendering the Gospel's 'highly favored' (Luke 1:28). Mary now becomes Kierkegaard's parallel to Abraham: greatness through anxiety, distress, and paradox."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvo","lemma":"hvo","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of var","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Verden","lemma":"Verden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stor","gloss":"the world"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison, governs Qvinde","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"hiin","lemma":"hiin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Qvinde","gloss":"that","note":"Archaic demonstrative meaning 'that/yon'; obsolete in modern Danish, replaced by 'den'."},{"surface":"benaadede","lemma":"benaade","morphology":"verb, past, participle, used adjectivally","role":"modifies Qvinde","gloss":"favored"},{"surface":"Qvinde","lemma":"Qvinde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of som","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"Guds","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Moder","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Moder","lemma":"Moder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Qvinde","gloss":"Mother"},{"surface":"Jomfru","lemma":"Jomfru","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, used as title","role":"modifies Maria","gloss":"Virgin"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to Qvinde","gloss":"Mary"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"problema-i-s134","source":"Og dog hvorledes taler man derom?","translation":"And yet how does one speak of it?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies taler","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies taler","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"taler","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of taler","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"derom","lemma":"derom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies taler","gloss":"of it"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"problema-i-s135","source":"At hun var den Benaadede blandt Qvinder gjør hende ikke stor, og dersom det ikke traf sig saa besynderligt, at de, der høre, kunne tænke ligesaa umenneskeligt som de, der tale, saa maatte vel enhver ung Pige spørge, hvorfor blev ikke ogsaa jeg den Benaadede?","translation":"That she was the favored one among women does not make her great, and if it did not happen so strangely that those who hear can think just as inhumanly as those who speak, then surely every young girl would have to ask: why did I not also become the favored one?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the subject clause of gjør","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula in the At-clause","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Benaadede","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Benaadede","lemma":"benaadet","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"favored one"},{"surface":"blandt","lemma":"blandt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Qvinder","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Qvinder","lemma":"Qvinde","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of blandt","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"gjør","lemma":"gøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjør","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjør","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"object complement of gjør","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dersom","lemma":"dersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of traf","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of traf","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies traf","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"traf","lemma":"træffe","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the dersom-clause","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive object of traf","gloss":"itself","note":"'traf sig' is an idiom meaning 'happened, came about' — sig doesn't translate separately."},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besynderligt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"besynderligt","lemma":"besynderlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies traf","gloss":"strangely"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tænke","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tænke","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of høre","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"høre","lemma":"høre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"kunne","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tænke","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tænke","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"ligesaa","lemma":"ligesaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies umenneskeligt","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"umenneskeligt","lemma":"umenneskelig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tænke","gloss":"inhumanly"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with de","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tale (comparison clause)","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of tale","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies maatte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"maatte","lemma":"maatte","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of spørge","gloss":"would have to"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies maatte","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Pige","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ung","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Pige","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Pige","lemma":"Pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of spørge","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"spørge","lemma":"spørge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the maatte-clause","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"hvorfor","lemma":"hvorfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the embedded question","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the embedded question","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Benaadede","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Benaadede","lemma":"benaadet","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blev","gloss":"favored one"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"problema-i-s136","source":"og hvis jeg ikke havde Andet at sige, da skulde jeg slet ikke afvise et saadant Spørgsmaal som dumt; thi ligeoverfor en Begunstigelse, abstrakt seet, er ethvert Menneske lige berettiget.","translation":"and if I had nothing else to say, I should not at all dismiss such a question as stupid; for in the face of a favor, regarded abstractly, every human being is equally entitled.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Begunstigelse","title":"«Begunstigelse» — favor, preferment","body":"«Begunstigelse» = 'favor, preferential treatment'. Seen «abstrakt» (abstractly, as bare favor), no one is more entitled to it than another — which is exactly why favor as such cannot be what makes Mary or Abraham great. «ligeoverfor» = 'in the face of, over against'; «lige berettiget» = 'equally entitled'."}],"words":[{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of havde","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of havde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies havde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"havde","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvis-clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"Andet","lemma":"anden","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of havde","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive sige","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Andet","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulde, resumes the main clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skulde","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of afvise","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of afvise","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"slet","lemma":"slet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies afvise","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"afvise","lemma":"afvise","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the da-clause (complement of skulde)","gloss":"dismiss"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Spørgsmaal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saadant","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Spørgsmaal","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Spørgsmaal","lemma":"spørgsmaal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of afvise","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the predicate complement dumt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"dumt","lemma":"dum","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"object complement describing Spørgsmaal","gloss":"stupid"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ligeoverfor","lemma":"ligeoverfor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Begunstigelse","gloss":"in the face of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Begunstigelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Begunstigelse","lemma":"begunstigelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ligeoverfor","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"abstrakt","lemma":"abstrakt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seet","gloss":"abstractly"},{"surface":"seet","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"parenthetical modifier of Begunstigelse","gloss":"regarded"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ethvert","lemma":"ethvert","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"lige","lemma":"lige","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berettiget","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"berettiget","lemma":"berettige","morphology":"verb, past, participle, used adjectivally","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"entitled"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"problema-i-s137","source":"Man udelader Nøden, Angsten, Paradoxet.","translation":"One leaves out the distress, the anxiety, the paradox.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of udelader","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"udelader","lemma":"udelade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leaves out"},{"surface":"Nøden","lemma":"Nød","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of udelader","gloss":"the distress"},{"surface":"Angsten","lemma":"Angst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of udelader, coordinated with Nøden","gloss":"the anxiety"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of udelader, coordinated with Nøden","gloss":"the paradox"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"problema-i-s138","source":"Min Tanke er reen trods Nogens, og den, der kan tænke Sligt, hans Tanke bliver nok reen, og han har ogsaa det Rædsomme at vente, hvis det ikke er saa; thi den, der engang har faaet disse Billeder frem, han kan ikke blive af med dem igjen, og synder han mod dem, da hævne de sig forfærdeligt ved stille Vrede, forfærdeligere end 10 glubende Recensenters Høirøstethed.","translation":"My thought is pure, in defiance of anyone's, and he who can think such things, his thought will surely be pure, and he also has the dreadful to expect if it is not so; for he who has once brought these images forth can never be rid of them again, and if he sins against them, they avenge themselves frightfully with silent wrath, more frightfully than the loud-voicedness of ten ravening reviewers.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"reen","title":"«reen» — pure","body":"«reen» (modern «ren») = 'pure, clean'; «trods Nogens» = 'in defiance of anyone's'. The «Billeder» ('images') of Abraham and Mary, once truly grasped, cannot be shaken off; to betray them brings a 'silent wrath' worse than any critic's noise. «Recensenters» = 'reviewers'', «Høirøstethed» = 'loud-voicedness'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Min","lemma":"min","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tanke","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Tanke","lemma":"tanke","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to reen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"reen","lemma":"reen","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"trods","lemma":"trods","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nogens","gloss":"in defiance of"},{"surface":"Nogens","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"object of trods","gloss":"anyone's"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"left-dislocated topic, resumed by hans","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of tænke","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tænke","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tænke","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"Sligt","lemma":"slig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tænke","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"hans","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Tanke, resumes den","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Tanke","lemma":"tanke","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bliver","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"nok","lemma":"nok","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bliver","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"reen","lemma":"reen","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of bliver","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Rædsomme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rædsomme","lemma":"rædsom","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"dreadful thing"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive vente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vente","lemma":"vente","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Rædsomme","gloss":"expect"},{"surface":"hvis","lemma":"hvis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to saa","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the next clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"left-dislocated topic, resumed by han","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of faaet","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"engang","lemma":"engang","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies faaet","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of faaet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"faaet","lemma":"faa","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Billeder","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Billeder","lemma":"Billede","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of faaet","gloss":"images"},{"surface":"frem","lemma":"frem","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the verb phrase faaet frem","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kan blive, resumes den","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blive","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blive","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause (complement of kan)","gloss":"get","note":"'blive af med' is an idiom meaning 'get rid of' — the three words together carry the meaning."},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom blive af med","gloss":"rid"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"object of med","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"igjen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blive af med","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"synder","lemma":"synde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of a verb-first conditional clause (= hvis han synder)","gloss":"sins","note":"Verb-first word order signals an implied 'hvis' (if): 'synder han mod dem' = 'if he sins against them' — an archaic conditional construction."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of synder","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"object of mod","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hævne, resumes the main clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hævne","lemma":"hævne","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"avenge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hævne","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of hævne","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"forfærdeligt","lemma":"forfærdelig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hævne","gloss":"frightfully"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vrede","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stille","lemma":"stille","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Vrede","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"Vrede","lemma":"Vrede","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ved","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"forfærdeligere","lemma":"forfærdelig","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"coordinated with forfærdeligt","gloss":"more frightfully"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"glubende","lemma":"glubende","morphology":"adjective (present participle)","role":"modifies Recensenters","gloss":"ravening"},{"surface":"Recensenters","lemma":"Recensent","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of Høirøstethed","gloss":"reviewers'"},{"surface":"Høirøstethed","lemma":"Høirøstethed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of end","gloss":"loud-voicedness"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"problema-i-s139","source":"Vel fødte Maria Barnet vidunderligt, men det gik hende dog paa Qvinders Viis, og denne Tid den er Angstens, Nødens og Paradoxets.","translation":"True, Mary bore the child miraculously, but it went with her nonetheless in the manner of women, and this time is the time of anxiety, distress, and paradox.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"paa Qvinders Viis","title":"«paa Qvinders Viis» — in the manner of women","body":"«paa Qvinders Viis» = 'in the way of women' — Mary conceived miraculously, yet she bore and labored as any woman, in real «Angst» and «Nød». The genitive triad «Angstens, Nødens og Paradoxets [Tid]» = 'the [time] of anxiety, distress, and paradox'. «Vel … men» = 'true … but' (concessive)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb, modifies fødte","gloss":"indeed","note":"Sentence adverb meaning 'true/indeed' here, not 'well' — a common false-friend trap for learners."},{"surface":"fødte","lemma":"føde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fødte","gloss":"Mary"},{"surface":"Barnet","lemma":"Barn","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"direct object of fødte","gloss":"the child"},{"surface":"vidunderligt","lemma":"vidunderlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fødte","gloss":"miraculously"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gik","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gik","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fødte","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of gik","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gik","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Viis","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Qvinders","lemma":"Qvinde","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of Viis","gloss":"women's"},{"surface":"Viis","lemma":"Viis","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of paa","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tid","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Tid","lemma":"Tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"left-dislocated topic, resumed by den","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Angstens","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Angstens","lemma":"Angst","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"of anxiety"},{"surface":"Nødens","lemma":"Nød","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Angstens","gloss":"of distress"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Paradoxets","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Angstens","gloss":"of paradox"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"problema-i-s140","source":"Engelen var vel en tjenende Aand, men han var ikke en tjenstvillig Aand, der gik til de andre unge Piger i Israel og sagde: foragter ikke Maria, hende hændes det Overordentlige.","translation":"The angel was indeed a ministering spirit, but he was not an obliging spirit who went to the other young girls in Israel and said: do not despise Mary, to her the extraordinary is happening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Engelen","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of var","gloss":"the angel"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Aand","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Aand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tjenende","lemma":"tjene","morphology":"adjective (present participle)","role":"modifies Aand","gloss":"ministering"},{"surface":"Aand","lemma":"Aand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Aand","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Aand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tjenstvillig","lemma":"tjenstvillig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Aand","gloss":"obliging"},{"surface":"Aand","lemma":"Aand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of gik","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"gik","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Aand","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Piger","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Piger","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"anden","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"modifies Piger","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"unge","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Piger","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Piger","lemma":"Pige","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of til","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Israel","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Israel","lemma":"Israel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Piger","gloss":"Israel"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sagde","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gik","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"foragter","lemma":"foragte","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the quoted command","gloss":"despise"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foragter","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of foragter","gloss":"Mary"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of hændes (fronted)","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"hændes","lemma":"hænde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happens","note":"Archaic/dialectal form of 'hænder' (happens); the -s ending here is not a passive marker."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Overordentlige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Overordentlige","lemma":"overordentlig","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), neuter, singular","role":"subject of hændes","gloss":"extraordinary thing"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"problema-i-s141","source":"Men Engelen kom kun til Maria, og Ingen kunde forstaae hende.","translation":"But the angel came only to Mary, and no one could understand her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Engelen","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"the angel"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"kun","lemma":"kun","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maria","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of til","gloss":"Mary"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of forstaae","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaae","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause (complement of kunde)","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forstaae","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"problema-i-s142","source":"Hvilken Qvinde blev dog krænket som Maria, og er det ikke ogsaa her sandt, at den, hvem Gud velsigner, forbander han i samme Aandedrag?","translation":"What woman was ever so wronged as Mary, and is it not also true here that the one whom God blesses, he curses in the same breath?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"velsigner … forbander","title":"«velsigner … forbander» — blesses … curses","body":"The paradox of election stated as an aphorism: «den, hvem Gud velsigner, forbander han i samme Aandedrag» — 'the one whom God blesses, he curses in the same breath'. To be chosen is to be set apart into anxiety and incomprehension. «krænket» = 'wronged, violated'; «Aandedrag» = 'breath'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hvilken","lemma":"hvilken","morphology":"determiner, interrogative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Qvinde","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Qvinde","lemma":"Qvinde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of krænket","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of krænket","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies krænket","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"krænket","lemma":"krænke","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wronged"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of som","gloss":"Mary"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sandt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sandt","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"her","lemma":"her","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sandt","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sandt","lemma":"sand","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of forbander","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of forbander (fronted)","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"hvem","lemma":"hvem","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender","role":"introduces the relative clause of velsigner","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Gud","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of velsigner","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"velsigner","lemma":"velsigne","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"blesses"},{"surface":"forbander","lemma":"forbande","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"curses"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forbander","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Aandedrag","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samme","lemma":"samme","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies Aandedrag","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"Aandedrag","lemma":"Aandedrag","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of i","gloss":"breath"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"problema-i-s143","source":"Dette er Aandens Opfattelse af Maria, og hun er ingenlunde, hvad der oprører mig at sige, men endnu mere, at man tankeløst og leflende har opfattet hende saaledes, hun er ingenlunde en Dame, der sidder paa Stads og leger med et Gudebarn.","translation":"This is the spirit's conception of Mary, and she is by no means — what it outrages me to say, but still more that one has thoughtlessly and trivially conceived her so — she is by no means a lady who sits in her finery and plays with a divine child.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Aandens Opfattelse","title":"«Aandens Opfattelse» — the spirit's conception","body":"«Aandens Opfattelse» = 'the spirit's view/conception' — the true understanding, against the sentimental picture of a «Dame … paa Stads» ('a lady in her finery'). «ingenlunde» = 'by no means'; «leflende» = 'trifling, dallying' (cf. «lefle» in s51); «Gudebarn» = 'divine child'; «oprører» = 'outrages, revolts'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Opfattelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Aandens","lemma":"Aand","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Opfattelse","gloss":"the spirit's"},{"surface":"Opfattelse","lemma":"Opfattelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"conception"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maria","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of af, modifies Opfattelse","gloss":"Mary"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ingenlunde","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingenlunde","lemma":"ingenlunde","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate adverb, modifies er","gloss":"by no means"},{"surface":"hvad","lemma":"hvad","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the parenthetical clause of oprører","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (formal subject)","role":"formal subject of oprører","gloss":"that","note":"'hvad der' is a fixed free-relative pair meaning 'what' — der does not translate separately here."},{"surface":"oprører","lemma":"oprøre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the hvad-clause","gloss":"outrages"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of oprører","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive sige","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of oprører","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"endnu","lemma":"endnu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mere","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"mere","lemma":"meget","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"coordinated with hvad, introduces the second clause","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of opfattet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of opfattet","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"tankeløst","lemma":"tankeløs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opfattet","gloss":"thoughtlessly"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"leflende","lemma":"lefle","morphology":"adverb (present participle)","role":"coordinated with tankeløst","gloss":"trivially"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of opfattet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"opfattet","lemma":"opfatte","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"main verb of the mere-clause","gloss":"conceived"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of opfattet","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opfattet","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Dame","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingenlunde","lemma":"ingenlunde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Dame","gloss":"by no means"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Dame","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Dame","lemma":"Dame","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of sidder","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sidder","lemma":"sidde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Dame","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stads","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Stads","lemma":"Stads","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of paa","gloss":"finery"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"leger","lemma":"lege","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sidder","gloss":"plays"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gudebarn","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Gudebarn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Gudebarn","lemma":"Gudebarn","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of med","gloss":"divine child"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"problema-i-s144","source":"Naar hun da desuagtet sagde: see jeg er en Herrens Tjenerinde, saa er hun stor, og jeg tænker, det skal ikke falde vanskeligt at forklare, hvorfor hun blev Guds Moder.","translation":"When she nonetheless said: behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord, then she is great, and I think it shall not prove difficult to explain why she became the Mother of God.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sagde","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sagde","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"desuagtet","lemma":"desuagtet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagde","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"sagde","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"verb of the clause introduced by Naar","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"see","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"interjection opening the quoted clause of sagde","gloss":"behold","note":"Old spelling of \"se\"; the whole quote is Mary's words from Luke 1:38."},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking jeg to Tjenerinde","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tjenerinde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Herrens","lemma":"Herre","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Tjenerinde","gloss":"the Lord's"},{"surface":"Tjenerinde","lemma":"tjenerinde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"handmaid"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb answering Naar, modifies er","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective of er","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tænker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tænker","lemma":"tænke","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second coordinated clause","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of falde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of falde","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies falde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"falde","lemma":"falde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement clause of tænker","gloss":"prove"},{"surface":"vanskeligt","lemma":"vanskelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective with falde","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive forklare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"forklare","lemma":"forklare","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vanskeligt","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"hvorfor","lemma":"hvorfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Moder","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"Guds","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Moder","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Moder","lemma":"moder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blev","gloss":"Mother"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"problema-i-s145","source":"Hun behøver ingen verdslig Beundring, ligesaa lidet som Abraham behøver Taarer, thi hun var ikke Heltinde, og han ikke Helt, men begge bleve de ingenlunde større end disse, ved at være fritagne for Nøden og Qvalen og Paradoxet, men bleve det ved disse.","translation":"She needs no worldly admiration, just as little as Abraham needs tears, for she was no heroine and he no hero, but the two of them became by no means greater than these by being exempted from the distress and the agony and the paradox, but became so through these.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fritagne for","title":"«fritagne for» — exempted from","body":"The crux of the parallel: Mary and Abraham became great «ved» ('through') the «Nød», «Qval», and «Paradox» — not «ved at være fritagne for» ('by being exempted from') them. «Heltinde» = 'heroine'; «verdslig» = 'worldly'; «ligesaa lidet som» = 'just as little as'. The faith stands above the heroic precisely by passing through dread."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of behøver","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"behøver","lemma":"behøve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Beundring","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"verdslig","lemma":"verdslig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Beundring","gloss":"worldly"},{"surface":"Beundring","lemma":"beundring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of behøver","gloss":"admiration"},{"surface":"ligesaa","lemma":"ligesaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lidet","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"lidet","lemma":"lidt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies behøver","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause of lidet","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of behøver","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"behøver","lemma":"behøve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"verb of the som-clause, comparative with lidet","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of behøver","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Heltinde","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Heltinde","lemma":"heltinde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"heroine"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Helt (elided var)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of elided var, coordinated with Heltinde","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"begge","lemma":"begge","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"predeterminer of de","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"bleve","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking de to større, main verb of the clause","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural verb form of \"blive\" agreeing with the plural subject de; modern Danish uses \"blev\" regardless of number."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bleve","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ingenlunde","lemma":"ingenlunde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies større","gloss":"by no means"},{"surface":"større","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement of bleve","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the standard of comparison, disse","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of større","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fritagne","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fritagne","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to fritagne","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"fritagne","lemma":"fritage","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural","role":"predicate complement of være, modifies de","gloss":"exempted"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nøden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Nøden","lemma":"nød","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of fritagne","gloss":"the distress"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Qvalen","lemma":"qval","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Nøden","gloss":"the agony"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Nøden","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"bleve","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bleve, main verb of the final clause","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of bleve, anaphoric for større","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disse","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of bleve","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"problema-i-s146","source":"Det er Stort, naar Digteren, idet han stiller sin tragiske Helt frem for Menneskenes Beundring, at han da tør sige: Græder over ham, thi han fortjener det; thi det er Stort at fortjene deres Taarer, der fortjene at udgyde Taarer; det er Stort, at Digteren tør holde Mængden i Ave, tør tugte Menneskene, at Enhver prøver sig selv, om hån er værdig til at græde over Helten, thi Flæbernes Spildevand er en Nedværdigelse af det Hellige.","translation":"It is great when the poet, as he sets his tragic hero before the admiration of men, then dares to say: weep over him, for he deserves it; for it is great to deserve the tears of those who deserve to shed tears; it is great that the poet dares to hold the crowd in check, dares to chasten men, that each one tests himself whether he is worthy to weep over the hero, for the slop-water of blubberers is a degradation of the holy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Flæbernes Spildevand","title":"«Flæbernes Spildevand» — the slop-water of blubberers","body":"A scornful image: «Flæber» = 'blubberer, cry-baby' and «Spildevand» = 'waste-water, slop' — the cheap, unearned tears of the sentimental crowd defile the holy. «holde … i Ave» = 'to keep in check, hold in awe'; «tugte» = 'to chasten, discipline'; «hån» is a typeset slip for «han» ('he')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Stort","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Stort","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective of er","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the naar-clause, correlates with at (w16)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Digteren","lemma":"digter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"subject of stiller, resumed by han in the at-clause","gloss":"the poet"},{"surface":"idet","lemma":"idet","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stiller","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stiller","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stiller","lemma":"stille","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the idet-clause","gloss":"sets"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular, reflexive","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stiller","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"frem","lemma":"frem","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stiller","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Menneskenes","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Menneskenes","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of Beundring","gloss":"men's"},{"surface":"Beundring","lemma":"beundring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition for","gloss":"admiration"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the extraposed subject clause of Stort, correlate of Det","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sige","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Græder","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"quoted imperative, complement of sige","gloss":"Weep"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Græder","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fortjener","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortjener","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fortjener","lemma":"fortjene","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the thi-clause","gloss":"deserves"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fortjener","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause det er Stort","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Stort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Stort","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective of er","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive clause, extraposed subject of Stort","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fortjene","lemma":"fortjene","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive clause, extraposed subject of Stort","gloss":"deserve"},{"surface":"deres","lemma":"deres","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Taarer","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fortjene","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of fortjene","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fortjene","lemma":"fortjene","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause modifying deres (those who)","gloss":"deserve"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive udgyde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"udgyde","lemma":"udgyde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of fortjene","gloss":"shed"},{"surface":"Taarer","lemma":"taare","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of udgyde","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Stort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Stort","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective of er","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the extraposed subject clause of Stort","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Digteren","lemma":"digter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of holde","gloss":"the poet"},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of holde","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"holde","lemma":"holde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause, subject of Stort","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"Mængden","lemma":"mængde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of holde","gloss":"the crowd"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ave","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ave","lemma":"ave","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"check","note":"Idiom \"holde i Ave\" = \"keep in check.\""},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tugte","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"tugte","lemma":"tugte","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with holde","gloss":"chasten"},{"surface":"Menneskene","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural, definite","role":"direct object of tugte","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second at-clause, subject of Stort","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Enhver","lemma":"enhver","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of prøver","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"prøver","lemma":"prøve","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second at-clause, coordinated with holde","gloss":"tests"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of prøver","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of værdig","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"hån","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of værdig","gloss":"he","note":"Apparent misprint for \"han\" (he); \"hån\" would otherwise mean \"scorn.\""},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to værdig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"værdig","lemma":"værdig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate adjective of er","gloss":"worthy"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of græde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive græde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"græde","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of værdig","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Helten","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Helten","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"oblique complement of græde","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er (Spildevand)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Flæbernes","lemma":"flæber","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural, definite","role":"possessor of Spildevand","gloss":"the blubberers'"},{"surface":"Spildevand","lemma":"spildevand","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"slop-water"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Nedværdigelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Nedværdigelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Nedværdigelse","lemma":"nedværdigelse","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"degradation"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hellige","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Hellige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hellige","lemma":"hellig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object of preposition af (substantivized)","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"problema-i-s147","source":"— Dog større. end alt dette er det, at Troens Ridder tør sige endog til det ædle Menneske, der vil græde over ham: græd ikke over mig, men græd over Dig selv.","translation":"— Yet greater than all this is it that the knight of faith dares to say even to the noble man who would weep over him: weep not over me, but weep over yourself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Troens Ridder","title":"«Troens Ridder» — the knight of faith","body":"«Troens Ridder» ('the knight of faith') is Kierkegaard's name for the one who, like Abraham, lives the paradox. Where the tragic hero invites our tears, the knight of faith refuses them and turns us back upon ourselves — echoing Christ to the women of Jerusalem, 'weep not for me, but weep for yourselves' (Luke 23:28). «ædle» = 'noble'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies større","gloss":"Yet"},{"surface":"større","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate adjective of er","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the standard of comparison, alt dette","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"alt","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dette","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of end (object of comparison)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula, links predicate større to subject det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er, correlate of the at-clause","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the extraposed subject clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Troens","lemma":"tro","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Ridder","gloss":"faith's"},{"surface":"Ridder","lemma":"ridder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sige","gloss":"knight"},{"surface":"tør","lemma":"turde","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sige","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"sige","lemma":"sige","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"endog","lemma":"endog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sige","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Menneske","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ædle","lemma":"ædel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Menneske","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition til","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of græde","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of græde","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"græde","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Menneske","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of græde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"græd","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"imperative, quoted speech (main verb)","gloss":"Weep"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies græd","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of græd","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"græd","lemma":"græde","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with græd","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dig","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender","role":"oblique complement of græd","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies Dig","gloss":"self"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"problema-i-s148","source":"Man bliver rørt, man søger tilbage i hine skjønne Tider, søde kjelne Længsler føre Een til Ønskets Maal, at see Christus vandre om i det forjættede Land.","translation":"One is moved, one seeks back into those beautiful times, sweet tender longings lead one to the goal of one's wish: to see Christ walking about in the promised land.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"det forjættede Land","title":"«det forjættede Land» — the promised land","body":"«det forjættede Land» = 'the promised land'; «forjætte» = 'to promise (solemnly)'. Kierkegaard mocks the sentimental wish to have lived in Jesus' day, as if proximity made faith easy — the next sentences puncture it. «skjønne» (modern «skønne») = 'beautiful'; «kjelne» = 'tender, fond'; «Een» (modern «én») = 'one'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of bliver","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rørt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"rørt","lemma":"røre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"past participle, passive predicate with bliver","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of søger","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"søger","lemma":"søge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bliver, main verb of the second clause","gloss":"seeks"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on søger","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tider","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"hine","lemma":"hin","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Tider","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"skjønne","lemma":"skjøn","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Tider","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"Tider","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"søde","lemma":"sød","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Længsler","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"kjelne","lemma":"kjælen","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Længsler","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"Længsler","lemma":"længsel","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of føre","gloss":"longings"},{"surface":"føre","lemma":"føre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with søger","gloss":"lead","note":"Archaic plural present-tense form of \"føre\", agreeing with the plural subject Længsler."},{"surface":"Een","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of føre","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maal","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ønskets","lemma":"ønske","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of Maal","gloss":"the wish's"},{"surface":"Maal","lemma":"maal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition til","gloss":"goal"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive at see, in apposition to Maal","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"see","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive verb, in apposition to Maal (explains the goal)","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"Christus","lemma":"Christus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of see, subject of vandre (accusative + infinitive)","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"vandre","lemma":"vandre","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of see, predicate of Christus","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"adverb","role":"particle with vandre (vandre om = wander about)","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Land","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Land","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"forjættede","lemma":"forjætte","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"modifies Land","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"Land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition i","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"problema-i-s149","source":"Man glemmer Angsten, Nøden, Paradoxet.","translation":"One forgets the anxiety, the distress, the paradox.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of glemmer","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"glemmer","lemma":"glemme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgets"},{"surface":"Angsten","lemma":"angst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"direct object of glemmer","gloss":"the anxiety"},{"surface":"Nøden","lemma":"nød","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Angsten (direct object of glemmer)","gloss":"the distress"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"coordinated with Angsten (direct object of glemmer)","gloss":"the paradox"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"problema-i-s150","source":"Var det saa let en Sag ikke at tage feil?","translation":"Was it so easy a matter not to be mistaken?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Sag","gloss":"Was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies let","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Sag","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Sag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sag","lemma":"sag","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of Var","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies at tage feil (negates the infinitive clause)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive tage","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tage","lemma":"tage","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Sag","gloss":"take","note":"\"Tage\" is part of the fixed idiom \"tage feil\" (= \"to be mistaken\"); the word itself literally means \"take,\" not \"be\" — the idiom sense is on \"feil.\""},{"surface":"feil","lemma":"fejl","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"part of the idiom tage feil (direct object of tage)","gloss":"mistaken","note":"\"Tage feil\" is an idiom meaning \"to be mistaken, to err\" (literally \"take wrong\")."}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"problema-i-s151","source":"Var det ikke forfærdeligt, at dette Menneske, der gik mellem de Andre, at han var Gud, var det ikke forfærdeligt at sidde tilbords med ham?","translation":"Was it not dreadful that this human being who walked among the others — that he was God; was it not dreadful to sit at table with him?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"forfærdeligt","title":"«forfærdeligt» — dreadful, terrifying","body":"«forfærdeligt» = 'dreadful, terrifying' — to be a contemporary of the God-man was not comfortable but appalling, full of the same «Angst» and possibility of «at tage feil» ('being mistaken') that faith always carries. «sidde tilbords med» = 'to sit at table with'. The sentimental wish forgets this terror."}],"words":[{"surface":"Var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to forfærdeligt","gloss":"Was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forfærdeligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"forfærdeligt","lemma":"forfærdelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective of Var","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the extraposed subject clause of forfærdeligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"topic of the at-clause, resumed by han","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of gik","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"gik","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Menneske","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"mellem","lemma":"mellem","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking de Andre","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"determiner of Andre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Andre","lemma":"anden","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of preposition mellem","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"resumes the at-clause after the relative interruption, introduces var","gloss":"that","note":"Kierkegaard restates \"at\" after the relative clause interrupts the sentence."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Gud","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Gud","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to forfærdeligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forfærdeligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"forfærdeligt","lemma":"forfærdelig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective of var","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the extraposed subject clause of forfærdeligt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidde","lemma":"sidde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the at-clause","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"tilbords","lemma":"tilbords","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial complement of sidde","gloss":"at table"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ham","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"object of preposition med","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"problema-i-s152","source":"Var det saa let en Sag at blive en Apostel?","translation":"Was it so easy a matter to become an apostle?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Sag","gloss":"Was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"saa","lemma":"saa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies let","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"let","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Sag","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Sag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sag","lemma":"sag","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of Var","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of blive, complement of Sag","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to Apostel, infinitive complement of Sag","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Apostel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Apostel","lemma":"apostel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blive","gloss":"apostle"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"problema-i-s153","source":"Men Udfaldet, 18 Aarhundreder, det hjælper, det hjælper til dette lumpne Bedrag, hvormed man bedrager sig selv og Andre.","translation":"But the outcome, eighteen centuries — that helps; it helps toward this contemptible deceit by which one deceives oneself and others.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Udfaldet","title":"«Udfaldet» — the outcome","body":"«Udfald» means 'outcome, result' (modern «udfald»). Segments s148–s153 concern Christ, not Abraham: the «18 Aarhundreder» are the roughly eighteen centuries from Christ's time to Kierkegaard's 1843, which make comfortable Christianity possible by removing the terror of being one of Christ's contemporaries. Kierkegaard's target here is the way historical distance erases that terror and enables the «lumpne Bedrag» (contemptible deceit) of judging apostolic faith by its later outcome. Note period orthography: «Aarhundreder» (modern «århundreder») writes «aa» for «å», and nouns are capitalized (Udfaldet, Bedrag)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, definite","role":"subject of hjælper","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"Aarhundreder","lemma":"aarhundrede","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"in apposition to Udfaldet","gloss":"centuries"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hjælper","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hjælper","lemma":"hjælpe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"helps"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hjælper","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hjælper","lemma":"hjælpe","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"helps"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bedrag","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Bedrag","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"lumpne","lemma":"lumpen","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Bedrag","gloss":"contemptible"},{"surface":"Bedrag","lemma":"bedrag","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition til","gloss":"deceit"},{"surface":"hvormed","lemma":"hvormed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrager","gloss":"by which"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of bedrager","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"bedrager","lemma":"bedrage","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the relative clause (hvormed)","gloss":"deceives"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of bedrager","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"selv","lemma":"selv","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Andre","lemma":"anden","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with sig (direct object of bedrager)","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"problema-i-s154","source":"Jeg føler ikke Mod til at ønske at være Samtidig med saadanne Begivenheder, men derfor dømmer jeg ikke strengt om dem, der toge feil, ikke ringe om dem, der saae det Rette.","translation":"I do not feel the courage to wish to be a contemporary of such events, but for that reason I do not judge harshly those who erred, nor lightly those who saw what was right.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"toge","title":"«toge» — old plural preterite","body":"«toge» is the old plural past tense of «tage» (to take), here 'took (wrongly), erred'; «saae» is likewise the old preterite of «see» (to see), 'saw'. The doubled vowel «saae» (modern «så») and these distinct plural verb forms mark 19th-century Danish, which still inflected verbs for number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of føler","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"føler","lemma":"føle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies føler","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of føler","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"complement of Mod, introduces ønske","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker for ønske","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ønske","lemma":"ønske","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement clause of Mod (til at ønske)","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker for være","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"være","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"object clause of ønske, copula linking to Samtidig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Samtidig","lemma":"samtidig","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of være","gloss":"a contemporary"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saadanne Begivenheder","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"saadanne","lemma":"saadan","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Begivenheder","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Begivenheder","lemma":"Begivenhed","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of med","gloss":"events"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"derfor","lemma":"derfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dømmer","gloss":"for that reason"},{"surface":"dømmer","lemma":"dømme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with føler","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dømmer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dømmer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"strengt","lemma":"strengt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dømmer","gloss":"harshly"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of dømmer","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of toge","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"toge","lemma":"tage","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"erred","note":"Archaic past-tense form of tage ('to take'); toge feil is the idiom 'to be mistaken/err.'"},{"surface":"feil","lemma":"feil","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of toge (idiom tage feil)","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ringe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ringe","lemma":"ringe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dømmer (elided), parallel to strengt","gloss":"lightly"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of ringe","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of saae","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"saae","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Rette","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rette","lemma":"ret","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular (substantivized adjective)","role":"direct object of saae","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"problema-i-s155","source":"Dog jeg vender tilbage til Abraham.","translation":"But I return to Abraham.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vender","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"jeg","lemma":"jeg","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vender","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vender","lemma":"vende","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"tilbage","lemma":"tilbage","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vender (vende tilbage)","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vender","gloss":"Abraham"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"problema-i-s156","source":"I den Tid før Udfaldet var Abraham enten i hvert Minut en Morder, eller vi staae ved det Paradox, der er højere end alle Mediationer.","translation":"In the time before the outcome, Abraham was either, in every minute, a murderer, or we stand at the paradox that is higher than all mediations.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Paradox","title":"«Paradoxet» — the paradox","body":"«Paradoxet» (the paradox) is the hinge of the whole book: faith places Abraham in a position that ethics can only read as murder, yet that is 'højere end alle Mediationer' — higher than all mediations. «Mediation» is Kierkegaard's jab at the Hegelian «Mediation» (sublation), the dialectical reconciling that he insists faith refuses."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"staae","title":"«staae» — doubled-vowel spelling","body":"«staae» is the period spelling of «stå» (to stand), with «aa» doubled into «aae». Compare «gaaer», «raade», «forstaae» later in the chunk — all show the «aa» orthography this 1843 edition keeps."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tid","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Tid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tid","lemma":"Tid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of I","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"før","lemma":"før","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Udfaldet","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Udfaldet","lemma":"Udfald","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of før","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Morder","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of var","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"enten","lemma":"enten","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces first branch of eller, modifies var","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Minut","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hvert","lemma":"hver","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Minut","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Minut","lemma":"Minut","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"minute"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Morder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Morder","lemma":"Morder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of var","gloss":"murderer"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of staae","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"staae","lemma":"staa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Paradox","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Paradox","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ved","gloss":"paradox"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to højere","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"relative clause on Paradox","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of Mediationer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Mediationer","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Mediationer","lemma":"Mediation","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of end (comparative)","gloss":"mediations"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"problema-i-s157","source":"Abrahams Historie indeholder da en teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske.","translation":"Abraham's story, then, contains a teleological suspension of the ethical.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske","title":"«teleologisk Suspension af det Ethiske»","body":"'A teleological suspension of the ethical' — the famous formula of Problema I. «det Ethiske» (the ethical), spelled with «th», is for Kierkegaard equivalent to «det Almene», the universal; faith 'suspends' it for the sake of a higher «telos» (end/purpose). The individual is justified before God in stepping outside the universal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Abrahams","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of Historie","gloss":"Abraham's"},{"surface":"Historie","lemma":"historie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of indeholder","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"indeholder","lemma":"indeholde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"contains"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies indeholder","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Suspension","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"teleologisk","lemma":"teleologisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Suspension","gloss":"teleological"},{"surface":"Suspension","lemma":"Suspension","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of indeholder","gloss":"suspension"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ethiske","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Ethiske","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ethiske","lemma":"ethisk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular (substantivized adjective)","role":"oblique complement of af","gloss":"ethical"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"problema-i-s158","source":"Han er som den Eukelte bleven højere end det Almene.","translation":"He has, as the single individual, become higher than the universal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Eukelte","title":"«den Eukelte» — the single individual","body":"Read «den Enkelte» — 'the single individual' (the OCR «Eukelte» preserves a flaw in this edition). «den Enkelte» is Kierkegaard's signature category, set here against «det Almene», the universal: faith's paradox is precisely that the single individual stands higher than the universal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bleven","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bleven (perfect: er bleven = has become)","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces phrase marking Eukelte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Eukelte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Eukelte","lemma":"Enkelte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular (substantivized adjective)","role":"oblique complement of som","gloss":"single individual","note":"Period spelling of Enkelte; den Enkelte ('the single individual') is Kierkegaard's key term for the person standing before God, outside the universal."},{"surface":"bleven","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, past participle, active","role":"main verb of the sentence (with er)","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"højere","lemma":"høj","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate complement of bleven","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of det","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Almene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Almene","lemma":"almen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular (substantivized adjective)","role":"oblique complement of end","gloss":"universal","note":"Det Almene ('the universal') is Kierkegaard's term for the ethical/social order, contrasted with den Enkelte."}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"problema-i-s159","source":"Dette er Paradoxet, som ikke lader sig mediere.","translation":"This is the paradox, which does not let itself be mediated.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lader sig mediere","title":"«lader sig mediere» — lets itself be mediated","body":"«lade sig + infinitive» is a reflexive passive: 'to let oneself be …', here 'does not let itself be mediated'. «mediere» again targets Hegelian «Mediation»: the paradox of faith resists being dialectically resolved into a higher synthesis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dette","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Paradoxet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Paradoxet","lemma":"Paradox","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"the paradox"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of lader","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lader","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lader","lemma":"lade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Paradoxet","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of lader","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"mediere","lemma":"mediere","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lader (lade sig mediere)","gloss":"be mediated","note":"Mediere ('to be mediated') is Kierkegaard's technical Hegelian term for reconciliation within a rational system — the paradox of faith resists it."}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"problema-i-s160","source":"Det er ligesaa uforklarligt, hvorledes han kom ind i det, som det er uforklarligt, hvorledes han bliver i det.","translation":"It is just as inexplicable how he entered into it as it is inexplicable how he remains in it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to uforklarligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ligesaa","lemma":"ligesaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uforklarligt","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"uforklarligt","lemma":"uforklarlig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"inexplicable"},{"surface":"hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"extraposed subject clause of uforklarligt (Det refers forward to this)","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ind","lemma":"ind","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison, depends on uforklarligt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to uforklarligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"uforklarligt","lemma":"uforklarlig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"inexplicable"},{"surface":"hvorledes","lemma":"hvorledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of bliver","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bliver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bliver","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"extraposed subject clause of uforklarligt (det refers forward to this)","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"problema-i-s161","source":"Forholder det sig ikke saaledes med Abraham, da er han end ikke en tragisk Helt, men. en Morder.","translation":"If this is not how it stands with Abraham, then he is not even a tragic hero, but a murderer.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Forholder det sig … da","title":"«Forholder det sig … da» — inverted conditional","body":"A conditional with no «hvis»: putting the verb first — «Forholder det sig ikke saaledes …» ('Stands it not thus …') — itself signals 'if'. The «da» ('then') opens the main clause. «saaledes» (thus) shows the «aa» spelling. Note the stray period in «men. en Morder» — a typographic flaw of the source edition, kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"Forholder","lemma":"forholde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Forholder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of Forholder","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Forholder","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"saaledes","lemma":"saaledes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Forholder","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Abraham","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of med","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the consequent clause of er (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Helt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ikke (end ikke = not even)","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er/Helt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tragisk","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Morder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Morder","lemma":"Morder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (elided, coordinated with Helt)","gloss":"murderer"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"problema-i-s162","source":"At ville vedblive at kalde ham Troens Fader, at tale derom til Mennesker, som ikke bekymre sig om Andet end om Ord, er tankeløst.","translation":"To go on wanting to call him the father of faith, to speak of it to people who care for nothing but words, is thoughtless.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Troens Fader","title":"«Troens Fader» — the father of faith","body":"«Troens Fader» (the father of faith) is Abraham's traditional title. «Tro» — faith — is the book's central term; the genitive «Troens» recurs throughout this chunk (Troens Fader, Troens Ridder, Troens trange Vei). Kierkegaard's point: keep the honorific only if you grasp the paradox behind it."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"infinitive marker for ville","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the subject clause, auxiliary of vedblive","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"vedblive","lemma":"vedblive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ville (ville vedblive = want to go on)","gloss":"to go on"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of kalde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kalde","lemma":"kalde","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of vedblive","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kalde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Troens","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Fader","gloss":"faith's"},{"surface":"Fader","lemma":"fader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of kalde","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tale","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tale","lemma":"tale","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated subject clause of tankeløst (with vedblive)","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"derom","lemma":"derom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tale","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mennesker","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Mennesker","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of tale","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of bekymre","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bekymre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bekymre","lemma":"bekymre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Mennesker","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of bekymre","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Andet","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Andet","lemma":"anden","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bekymre","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"end","lemma":"end","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of om","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ord","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ord","lemma":"Ord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of om (end om Ord)","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tankeløst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tankeløst","lemma":"tankeløs","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"thoughtless"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"problema-i-s163","source":"En tragisk Helt kan et Menneske blive ved egne Kræfter, men Troens Ridder ikke.","translation":"A tragic hero a person can become by his own powers, but a knight of faith he cannot.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Troens Ridder","title":"«Troens Ridder» — the knight of faith","body":"«Troens Ridder», 'the knight of faith', is Kierkegaard's term for the one who makes the movement of faith — opposed here to «den tragiske Helt», the tragic hero. The tragic hero a person can reach «ved egne Kræfter» (by his own powers); the knight of faith cannot, because faith is not an achievement of strength."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Helt","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"tragisk","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helt","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blive (fronted)","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blive","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blive","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"blive","lemma":"blive","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ved","lemma":"ved","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kræfter","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"egne","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Kræfter","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"Kræfter","lemma":"Kraft","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ved","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Troens","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Ridder","gloss":"faith's"},{"surface":"Ridder","lemma":"Ridder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of blive (elided, coordinated with Helt)","gloss":"knight"},{"surface":"ikke","lemma":"ikke","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elided kan blive","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"problema-i-s164","source":"Naar et Menneske tiltræder den tragiske Helts i en vis Forstand tunge Vei, da skal Mange kunne raade ham; den, der gaaer Troens trange Vei, ham kan Ingen raade, Ingen forstaae.","translation":"When a person sets out on the tragic hero's in a certain sense burdensome path, then many will be able to counsel him; but the one who walks faith's narrow way — him no one can counsel, no one understand.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Troens trange Vei","title":"«Troens trange Vei» — faith's narrow way","body":"«trang Vei» = 'narrow, hard way' (echoing the Gospel's strait gate). «gaaer», «raade», «forstaae» all carry the «aa» spelling (modern «går», «råde», «forstå»). The contrast: on the tragic hero's heavy path others can counsel you; on faith's narrow way no one can counsel or understand you — faith is incommunicable."}],"words":[{"surface":"Naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tiltræder","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tiltræder","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"tiltræder","lemma":"tiltræde","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sets out on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Vei","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragiske","lemma":"tragisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Helts","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Helts","lemma":"helt","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Vei","gloss":"hero's"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Forstand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Forstand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"vis","morphology":"adjective, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Forstand","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"Forstand","lemma":"forstand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"tunge","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, weak declension, singular","role":"modifies Vei","gloss":"burdensome"},{"surface":"Vei","lemma":"Vei","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tiltræder","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of skal (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skal","lemma":"skulle","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of raade","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"Mange","lemma":"mange","morphology":"adjective, plural (substantivized)","role":"subject of raade","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"kunne","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of raade","gloss":"be able to"},{"surface":"raade","lemma":"raade","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of raade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"topic, resumed by ham below","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of gaaer","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"gaaer","lemma":"gaae","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"Troens","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of Vei","gloss":"faith's"},{"surface":"trange","lemma":"trang","morphology":"adjective, weak declension, singular","role":"modifies Vei","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"Vei","lemma":"Vei","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gaaer","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ham","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of raade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of raade","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of raade","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"raade","lemma":"raade","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with forstaae","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of forstaae","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"forstaae","lemma":"forstaa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with raade","gloss":"understand","note":"Elliptical: kan and ham are understood from the previous clause (kan Ingen [ham] forstaae)."}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"problema-i-s165","source":"Troen er et Vidunder, og dog er intet Menneske udelukket derfra; thi det, hvori alt Menneskeliv enes, er i Lidenskab >), og Troen er en Lidenskab.","translation":"Faith is a marvel, and yet no human being is excluded from it; for that in which all human life is united is passion, and faith is a passion.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Lidenskab","title":"«Lidenskab» — passion","body":"«Lidenskab» = passion. The closing claim of Problema I: «Troen er en Lidenskab» — faith is a passion — is what unites all of human life and so excludes no one. The marker «>)» is a footnote reference cue from the source edition (the note follows, beginning «”)»); both are kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"Faith"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vidunder","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Vidunder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Vidunder","lemma":"vidunder","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"marvel"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dog","lemma":"dog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies er (dog = yet)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to udelukket","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Menneske","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Menneske","lemma":"Menneske","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"udelukket","lemma":"udelukke","morphology":"verb, past participle, singular","role":"predicate complement of er (passive)","gloss":"excluded"},{"surface":"derfra","lemma":"derfra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udelukket","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"thi","lemma":"thi","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"det","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hvori","lemma":"hvori","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"modifies enes (hvori = in which)","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"alt","lemma":"al","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Menneskeliv","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Menneskeliv","lemma":"menneskeliv","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of enes","gloss":"human life"},{"surface":"enes","lemma":"enes","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"is united"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Lidenskab","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lidenskab","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Lidenskab","lemma":"Lidenskab","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of er","gloss":"passion"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troen","lemma":"Tro","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of er","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"være","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Lidenskab","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Lidenskab","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Lidenskab","lemma":"Lidenskab","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate complement of er","gloss":"passion"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"problema-i-s166","source":"”) Lessing har etsteds yttret noget Lignende fra et reent æsthetisk Standpunkt.","translation":"Lessing has somewhere expressed something similar from a purely aesthetic standpoint.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lessing","lemma":"Lessing","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of yttret","gloss":"Lessing"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"have","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of yttret","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"etsteds","lemma":"etsteds","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies yttret","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"yttret","lemma":"yttre","morphology":"verb, past participle, active","role":"main verb of the sentence (with har)","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"noget","lemma":"nogen","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Lignende","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"Lignende","lemma":"lignende","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular (substantivized adjective)","role":"direct object of yttret","gloss":"similar"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Standpunkt","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Standpunkt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"reent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies æsthetisk","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"æsthetisk","lemma":"æsthetisk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Standpunkt","gloss":"aesthetic"},{"surface":"Standpunkt","lemma":"Standpunkt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fra","gloss":"standpoint"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"problema-i-s167","source":"Han vil egentlig paa det Sted vise, at Sorgen ogsaa kan give sig et vittigt Udtryk.","translation":"His real aim in that passage is to show that grief, too, can give itself a witty expression.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vise","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"ville","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vise","gloss":"means to"},{"surface":"egentlig","lemma":"egentlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vise","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"paa","lemma":"paa","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sted","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Sted","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sted","lemma":"Sted","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vise","gloss":"passage"},{"surface":"vise","lemma":"vise","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"show"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of give","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sorgen","lemma":"Sorg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of give","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ogsaa","lemma":"ogsaa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies give","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunne","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of give","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"give","lemma":"give","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vise","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of give","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Udtryk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vittigt","lemma":"vittig","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Udtryk","gloss":"witty"},{"surface":"Udtryk","lemma":"Udtryk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of give","gloss":"expression"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"problema-i-s168","source":"Han anfører til den Ende en Replik i en bestemt Situation af den ulykkelige engelske Konge Edvard, den Anden.","translation":"To that end he cites a line, in a particular situation, of the unhappy English king Edward the Second.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of anfører","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"anfører","lemma":"anføre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cites"},{"surface":"til","lemma":"til","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ende","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Ende","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Ende","lemma":"Ende","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of til","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Replik","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Replik","lemma":"Replik","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of anfører","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Situation","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Situation","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bestemt","lemma":"bestemt","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Situation","gloss":"particular"},{"surface":"Situation","lemma":"situation","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"situation"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Konge","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Konge","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ulykkelige","lemma":"ulykkelig","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Konge","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"engelske","lemma":"engelsk","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Konge","gloss":"English"},{"surface":"Konge","lemma":"Konge","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of af","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"Edvard","lemma":"Edvard","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to Konge","gloss":"Edward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Anden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Anden","lemma":"anden","morphology":"adjective, ordinal","role":"in apposition to Edvard","gloss":"Second"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"problema-i-s169","source":"I Modsætning dertil anfører han, efter Diderot, en Fortælling om en Bondekone og en Replik af hende.","translation":"In contrast to it he cites, after Diderot, a story about a peasant woman and a line of hers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Modsætning","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"Modsætning","lemma":"Modsætning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of anfører","gloss":"contrast"},{"surface":"dertil","lemma":"dertil","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Modsætning","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"anfører","lemma":"anføre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cites"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of anfører","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Diderot","gloss":"after","note":"Efter here means 'following/according to' (borrowing the anecdote from Diderot), not 'after' in time."},{"surface":"Diderot","lemma":"Diderot","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of efter","gloss":"Diderot"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Fortælling","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Fortælling","lemma":"Fortælling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of anfører","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bondekone","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Bondekone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Bondekone","lemma":"Bondekone","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of om","gloss":"peasant woman"},{"surface":"og","lemma":"og","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Replik","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Replik","lemma":"Replik","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Fortælling (second direct object of anfører)","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hende","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hende","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of af","gloss":"hers"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"problema-i-s170","source":"Nu vedbliver han: Auch das war Witz, und noch dazu Witz einer Baderin: aber die Umstånde machten ihn unvermeidlich.","translation":"Now he goes on: That too was wit, and what is more, the wit of a bathhouse keeper; but the circumstances made it inevitable.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedbliver","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"vedbliver","lemma":"vedblive","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes on"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vedbliver","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies das","gloss":"too","note":"This footnote quotes a German source, not Danish — but the parenthetical attribution to \"Hebbel's diary\" is unsupported and almost certainly wrong: Friedrich Hebbel (1813-1863) had no published Sämtliche Werke or diary edition in 1843 when Frygt og Bæven was written (his collected works and diaries were both published posthumously, decades later). The \"Cfr. Sämtliche W. 30 B. p. 293\" citation in s173 more plausibly points to a work like Jean Paul's Sämmtliche Werke, which existed in dozens of volumes by 1843. Drop the specific attribution rather than assert an unverifiable source."},{"surface":"das","lemma":"das","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Witz","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Witz","lemma":"Witz","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of war","gloss":"wit"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dazu","gloss":"what's more","note":"\"noch dazu\" is a German idiom meaning \"what is more / to boot\"."},{"surface":"dazu","lemma":"dazu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Witz","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"Witz","lemma":"Witz","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Witz","gloss":"wit"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"eine","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Baderin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Baderin","lemma":"Baderin","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Witz","gloss":"bathhouse-keeper","note":"An old German term for a female bathhouse attendant, a humble trade."},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of Umstånde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Umstånde","lemma":"Umstand","morphology":"noun, plural, nominative","role":"subject of machten","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"machten","lemma":"machen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of machten","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"unvermeidlich","lemma":"unvermeidlich","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement of machten","gloss":"inevitable"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"problema-i-s171","source":"Und folglich auch muss man die Entschuldigung der witzigen Ausdricke des Schmerzes und der Betråbniss nicht darin suchen, dass die Person, welche sie sagt, eine vornehme, wohlerzogene, verståndige, und auch sonst witzige Person sey; denn die Leidenschaften machen alle Menschen wieder gleich: sondern darin, dass wahbrscheinlicher Weise ein jeder Mensch ohne Unterschied in den nåmlichen Umstånden das nåmliche sagen wirde.","translation":"And consequently one must not seek the excuse for the witty expressions of pain and grief in the fact that the person who utters them is a distinguished, well-bred, sensible, and otherwise witty person — for the passions make all people alike again — but rather in the fact that, in all probability, every person without distinction would say the same thing in the same circumstances.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Leidenschaften machen alle Menschen wieder gleich","title":"'the passions make all people alike again'","body":"The heart of Lessing's point — and Kierkegaard's reason for quoting it: «die Leidenschaften machen alle Menschen wieder gleich», the passions make all people equal again. This echoes the chunk's own claim that all human life is united in «Lidenskab» (passion). German printed with «å» for «ä» throughout (verståndige = verständige, wahbrscheinlicher = wahrscheinlicher, an OCR flaw kept verbatim)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"folglich","lemma":"folglich","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muss","gloss":"consequently"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muss","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"muss","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"modal verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suchen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender","role":"subject of suchen","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Entschuldigung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Entschuldigung","lemma":"Entschuldigung","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, accusative","role":"direct object of suchen","gloss":"excuse"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of Ausdricke","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"witzigen","lemma":"witzig","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies Ausdricke","gloss":"witty"},{"surface":"Ausdricke","lemma":"Ausdruck","morphology":"noun, plural, genitive","role":"possessor of Entschuldigung","gloss":"expressions"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Schmerzes","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Schmerzes","lemma":"Schmerz","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Ausdricke","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Betråbniss","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Betråbniss","lemma":"Betrübnis","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, genitive","role":"coordinated with Schmerzes","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suchen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"darin","lemma":"darin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suchen","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"suchen","lemma":"suchen","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seek"},{"surface":"dass","lemma":"dass","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sey","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Person","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Person","lemma":"Person","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"subject of sey","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"welche","lemma":"welche","morphology":"pronoun, relative, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Person","gloss":"utters"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"eine","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Person","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vornehme","lemma":"vornehm","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"modifies Person","gloss":"distinguished"},{"surface":"wohlerzogene","lemma":"wohlerzogen","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"coordinated with vornehme","gloss":"well-bred"},{"surface":"verståndige","lemma":"verständig","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"coordinated with vornehme","gloss":"sensible"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies witzige","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"sonst","lemma":"sonst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies witzige","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"witzige","lemma":"witzig","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"coordinated with vornehme","gloss":"witty"},{"surface":"Person","lemma":"Person","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"predicate complement of sey","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"sey","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, active","role":"main verb of the dass-clause","gloss":"is","note":"Archaic spelling of the German subjunctive \"sei\" (from \"sein\", to be)."},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of Leidenschaften","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Leidenschaften","lemma":"Leidenschaft","morphology":"noun, plural, nominative","role":"subject of machen","gloss":"passions"},{"surface":"machen","lemma":"machen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"all","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Menschen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Menschen","lemma":"Mensch","morphology":"noun, plural, accusative","role":"direct object of machen","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gleich","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement of machen","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"sondern","lemma":"sondern","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"darin","lemma":"darin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suchen","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"dass","lemma":"dass","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of wirde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wahbrscheinlicher","lemma":"wahrscheinlich","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, dative","role":"modifies Weise","gloss":"probable","note":"\"wahrscheinlicher Weise\" is a fixed German phrase meaning \"in all probability\"."},{"surface":"Weise","lemma":"Weise","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies wirde","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Mensch","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"jeder","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mensch","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Mensch","lemma":"Mensch","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, nominative","role":"subject of wirde","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Unterschied","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Unterschied","lemma":"Unterschied","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, accusative","role":"object of ohne","gloss":"distinction"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Umstånden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of Umstånden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nåmlichen","lemma":"nämlich","morphology":"adjective, dative, plural","role":"modifies Umstånden","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"Umstånden","lemma":"Umstand","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"object of in","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"das","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular, accusative","role":"determiner of nåmliche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nåmliche","lemma":"nämlich","morphology":"adjective used as noun, neuter, singular, accusative","role":"direct object of sagen","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"sagen","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of wirde","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"wirde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, subjunctive II, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"problema-i-s172","source":"Den Gedanken der Båuerin håtte eine Kånigin haben kånnen und haben miissen: so wie das, was dort der Kånig sagt, . auch ein Bauer håtte sagen kånnen und ohne Zweifel wirde gesagt haben.","translation":"The peasant woman's thought a queen could have had and must have had — just as that which the king says there a peasant too could have said and without doubt would have said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Gedanken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gedanken","lemma":"Gedanke","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, accusative","role":"direct object of haben","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Båuerin","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Båuerin","lemma":"Bäuerin","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of Gedanken","gloss":"peasant woman"},{"surface":"håtte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, subjunctive, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have","note":"German \"hätte ... haben können\" is a double-infinitive modal-perfect construction: \"could have had\"."},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"eine","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Kånigin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Kånigin","lemma":"Königin","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, nominative","role":"subject of håtte","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kånnen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"kånnen","lemma":"können","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"complement of håtte","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of miissen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"miissen","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kånnen","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sagt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"das","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sagen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, relative, neuter","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Kånig","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kånig","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, nominative","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on das","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Bauer","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Bauer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Bauer","lemma":"Bauer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, nominative","role":"subject of håtte","gloss":"peasant"},{"surface":"håtte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, subjunctive, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"sagen","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of kånnen","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"kånnen","lemma":"können","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"complement of håtte","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Zweifel","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Zweifel","lemma":"Zweifel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, accusative","role":"object of ohne","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"wirde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, subjunctive II, active","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"gesagt","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"complement of wirde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"complement of gesagt","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"problema-i-s173","source":"Cfr. Såmtliche. W. 30 B. p. 293.","translation":"Cf. Complete Works, vol. 30, p. 293.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cfr","lemma":"cfr.","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cf."},{"surface":"Såmtliche","lemma":"sämtlich","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies W.","gloss":"collected"},{"surface":"W.","lemma":"Werke","morphology":"noun abbreviation, plural","role":"object of Cfr","gloss":"Works"},{"surface":"B.","lemma":"Band","morphology":"noun abbreviation, singular","role":"modifies W.","gloss":"volume"},{"surface":"p.","lemma":"pagina","morphology":"noun abbreviation, singular","role":"coordinated with B.","gloss":"page"}]}]}