{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch01","title":{"source":"Pojken","translated":"The Boy"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch01","lines":374},"previous":null,"next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch02","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch01-p1-s1","source":"Det var en gång en pojke.","translation":"Once upon a time there was a boy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Det var en gång","title":"«Det var en gång»","body":"The classic Swedish fairy-tale opening, literally 'it was one time' — exactly like English 'once upon a time'. It signals we are entering the register of folk story, not reportage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gång","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gång","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of pojke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pojke","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gång","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch01-p1-s2","source":"Han var så där en fjorton år gammal, lång och ranglig och linhårig.","translation":"He was about fourteen years old, tall and gangly and flaxen-haired.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gammal","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjorton","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjorton","lemma":"fjorton","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies år","gloss":"fourteen"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gammal","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on var","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gammal","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ranglig","lemma":"ranglig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"gangly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"linhårig","lemma":"linhårig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gammal","gloss":"flaxen-haired"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch01-p1-s3","source":"Inte stort dugde han till: han hade mest av allt lust att sova och äta, och därnäst tyckte han om att ställa till odygd.","translation":"He was not good for much: what he wanted most of all was to sleep and eat, and after that he liked to get up to mischief.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ställa till","title":"«ställa till» + noun","body":"«Ställa till odygd» literally 'set up mischief' — «ställa till» is a particle verb meaning 'to cause/kick up' (trouble, a mess, a scene). A very common colloquial pattern: «ställa till besvär», «ställa till en scen»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dugde","gloss":"much","note":"Adverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'."},{"surface":"dugde","lemma":"dugd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dugde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lust","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to dugde","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lust","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of lust","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying lust","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sova","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"därnäst","lemma":"därnäs","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of tyckte","gloss":"after that"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ställa","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ställa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"to get up to"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking odygd","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"odygd","lemma":"odygd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställa","gloss":"mischief"}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"ch01-p2-s1","source":"Nu var det en söndagsmorgon, och pojkens föräldrar höllo på att göra sig i ordning för att gå i kyrkan.","translation":"Now it was a Sunday morning, and the boy's parents were getting themselves ready to go to church.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"Archaic plural verb","body":"In 1906 spoken and written Swedish still marked the plural of some verbs: «höllo» (they were holding/were in the process of) where modern Swedish just uses «höll» for all persons. Watch for this -o ending on plural preterites throughout the book — «gingo», «voro», «foro» are the same pattern."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to söndagsmorgon","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of söndagsmorgon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"söndagsmorgon","lemma":"söndagsmorgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Sunday morning"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojkens","lemma":"pojk","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of föräldrar","gloss":"boy's"},{"surface":"föräldrar","lemma":"förälder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"hålloa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with söndagsmorgon","gloss":"were getting","note":"Surface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"getting"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"ordning","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"church"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch01-p2-s2","source":"Pojken själv satt i skjortärmarna på bordskanten och tänkte på hur lyckligt det var, att både far och mor gingo sin väg, så att han skulle få rå sig själv under ett par timmar.","translation":"The boy himself sat in his shirtsleeves on the edge of the table, thinking how lucky it was that both father and mother were going off, so that he'd get to do as he pleased for a couple of hours.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on Pojken","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skjortärmarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skjortärmarna","lemma":"skjortärmarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"his shirtsleeves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordskanten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bordskanten","lemma":"bordskant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"table edge"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lyckligt","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyckligt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lyckligt","lemma":"lycklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"lucky"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase lyckligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lyckligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gingo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lyckligt","gloss":"went","note":"Old plural past tense of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an infinitive."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gingo","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of rå","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of rå","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"rå","lemma":"rå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"do as he pleased"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of rå","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies timmar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"timmar","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rå","gloss":"hours"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch01-p2-s3","source":"»Nu kan jag då ta ner fars bössa och skjuta av ett skott, utan att någon behöver lägga sig i det,» sade han för sig själv.","translation":"\"Now I can take down father's gun and fire off a shot, without anyone needing to interfere,\" he said to himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"fars","lemma":"far","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of bössa","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"bössa","lemma":"bössa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"gun"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skjuta","lemma":"skjuta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ta","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on skjuta","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skott","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skjuta","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lägga","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lägga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lägga","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"behöver","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lägga","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"lägga","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ta","gloss":"to lay/put"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lägga","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"interfere"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lägga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to ta","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":7,"label":"3","id":"ch01-p3-s1","source":"Men det var nästan, som om far skulle ha gissat sig till pojkens tankar, för just som han stod på tröskeln och var färdig att gå, stannade han och vände sig mot honom.","translation":"But it was almost as if father had guessed the boy's thoughts, for just as he stood on the threshold, ready to leave, he stopped and turned toward him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stod","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gissat","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gissat","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gissat","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gissat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gissat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gissat","lemma":"gissa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on nästan","gloss":"guessed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gissat","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tankar","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"pojkens","lemma":"pojk","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of tankar","gloss":"boy's"},{"surface":"tankar","lemma":"tanka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gissat","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking som","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies som","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tröskeln","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"tröskeln","lemma":"tröskel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to färdig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"färdig","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on färdig","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vändea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch01-p3-s2","source":"»Eftersom du inte vill gå i kyrkan med mor och mig,» sade han, »så tycker jag, att du åtminstone kan läsa predikan hemma.","translation":"\"Since you don't want to go to church with mother and me,\" he said, \"I think you can at least read the sermon at home.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mor","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on tycker","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on tycker","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tycker","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of läsa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"åtminstone","lemma":"åtminstone","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of läsa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tycker","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predika","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of läsa","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"at home"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch01-p3-s3","source":"Vill du lova, att du gör det?»","translation":"Will you promise me you'll do that?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vill","lemma":"Vill","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lova","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lova","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lova","lemma":"lova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to promise"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gör","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of lova","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":10,"label":"4","id":"ch01-p4-s1","source":"»Ja,» sade pojken, »det kan jag väl göra.»","translation":"\"Yes,\" said the boy, \"I suppose I can do that.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on sade","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"suppose"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to sade","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch01-p4-s2","source":"Och han tänkte förstås, att inte skulle han läsa mer, än han hade lust till.","translation":"And of course he thought that he wouldn't read any more of it than he felt like.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of läsa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of läsa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tänkte","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"any more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hade","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":12,"label":"5","id":"ch01-p5-s1","source":"Pojken tyckte, att han aldrig hade sett mor så fortfärdig.","translation":"The boy thought he had never seen mother in such a hurry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fortfärdig","title":"«fortfärdig»","body":"An old-fashioned word for 'in a hurry, quick about it' — «fort» (fast) + «färdig» (ready/done). Modern Swedish would more likely say «brådskande» or just «snabb»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortfärdig","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"fortfärdig","lemma":"fortfärdig","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on sett","gloss":"in a hurry","note":"Archaic adjective meaning hurried or eager."}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch01-p5-s2","source":"I ett nu var hon borta vid vägghyllan, tog ner Luthers postilla och lade den på bordet framme vid fönstret med dagens predikan uppslagen.","translation":"In an instant she was over at the wall-shelf, took down Luther's postil, and laid it on the table by the window with the day's sermon open.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"postilla","title":"«postilla»","body":"A postil — a book of sermons or homilies meant for reading aloud at home, one per Sunday of the church year. Households without easy access to church used a postil like Luther's to hold their own service."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking var","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of var","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"over at"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägghyllan","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"vägghyllan","lemma":"vägghyllan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"the wall shelf"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"Luthers","lemma":"Luther","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of postilla","gloss":"Luther's"},{"surface":"postilla","lemma":"postilla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"postil","note":"A postil is a book of sermons or biblical commentary."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"laid","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"framme","lemma":"framme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of lade","gloss":"arrived, at the destination","note":"Framme consistently conveys 'arrived at / at one's destination' (voro framme vid berget = 'were already at the mountain'; voro framme vid ... Lungersudden = 'arrived at'), not a bare locative 'there'."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönstret","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"fönstret","lemma":"fönstr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"window","note":"Archaic/dialectal spelling of fönster."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking predikan","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dagens","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of predikan","gloss":"day's"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predikan","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies uppslagen","gloss":"the sermon"},{"surface":"uppslagen","lemma":"uppslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fönstret","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch01-p5-s3","source":"Hon slog också upp i evangelieboken och lade den bredvid postillan.","translation":"She also opened the book of Gospels and laid it beside the postil.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking evangelieboken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"evangelieboken","lemma":"evangeliebok","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"the Gospel book"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"laid","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"postillan","lemma":"postillan","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"the postil","note":"A postil is a book of sermons or biblical commentary."}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch01-p5-s4","source":"Sist drog hon fram till bordet den stora länstolen, som blev köpt på auktionen i Vemmenhögs prästgård förra året, och där eljest ingen annan än far fick sitta.","translation":"Last of all she pulled up to the table the big armchair that had been bought at the auction at the Vemmenhög parsonage the year before, and which otherwise no one but father was allowed to sit in.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"länstolen / bordet","title":"en- and ett-words, definite suffix","body":"«länstolen» is an en-word: definite 'the armchair' takes the suffix -en. «bordet» (the table, seen later) is an ett-word: its definite suffix is -et. Swedish has no separate word for 'the' — gender decides which suffix a noun takes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on drog","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"drog","lemma":"dra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of drog","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drog","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of länstolen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies länstolen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"länstolen","lemma":"länstol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of drog","gloss":"the armchair"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of köpt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"passive auxiliary of köpt","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"köpt","lemma":"köpt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on länstolen","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking auktionen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"auktionen","lemma":"auktion","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of köpt","gloss":"the auction"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prästgård","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Vemmenhögs","lemma":"Vemmenhögs","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of prästgård","gloss":"Vemmenhög's"},{"surface":"prästgård","lemma":"prästgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies auktionen","gloss":"parsonage"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies året","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies auktionen","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annan","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"eljest","lemma":"eljest","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annan","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with köpt","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sitta","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sitta","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sitta","gloss":"was allowed to"},{"surface":"sitta","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on annan","gloss":"to sit"}]},{"number":16,"label":"6","id":"ch01-p6-s1","source":"Pojken satt och tänkte, att mor gjorde sig alltför mycket besvär med den där uppdukningen, för han ämnade inte läsa mer än en eller annan sida.","translation":"The boy sat thinking that mother was going to far too much trouble with all that laying-out, for he didn't intend to read more than a page or two.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"alltför","lemma":"alltför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies besvär","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"besvär","lemma":"besvär","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying besvär","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppdukningen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"uppdukningen","lemma":"uppdukning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to den","gloss":"the laying-out"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ämnade","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ämnade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of satt","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sida","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with en","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sida","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"page"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch01-p6-s2","source":"Men nu var det för andra gången alldeles så, som om far skulle ha kunnat se tvärsigenom honom.","translation":"But now, for the second time, it was exactly as if father could see straight through him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gången","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gången","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gången","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"två","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"gången","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of se","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on gången","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"tvärsigenom","lemma":"tvärsigenom","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch01-p6-s3","source":"Han gick fram till pojken och sade med sträng röst: »Kom nu ihåg, att du läser ordentligt!","translation":"He went up to the boy and said in a stern voice, \"Now remember to read it properly!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sträng","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sträng","lemma":"sträng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"stern","note":"tagged as a noun but every occurrence is the adjective 'sträng' (stern/strict/severe)."},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Kom","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of läser","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of läser","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"läser","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on Kom","gloss":"reads"},{"surface":"ordentligt","lemma":"ordentlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies läser","gloss":"properly"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch01-p6-s4","source":"För när vi kommer tillbaka, ska jag förhöra dig på varenda sida, och har du då hoppat över någon, så går det inte väl för dig.»","translation":"For when we come back, I'll test you on every single page, and if you've skipped any, it won't go well for you.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förhöra","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommer","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förhöra","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förhöra","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"förhöra","lemma":"förhöra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on går","gloss":"to question"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förhöra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sida","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"varenda","lemma":"varenda","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sida","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"sida","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förhöra","gloss":"page"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hoppat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hoppat","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hoppat","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hoppat","lemma":"hoppa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with förhöra","gloss":"skipped"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking någon","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppat","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on går","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with går","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies går","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":20,"label":"7","id":"ch01-p7-s1","source":"»Predikan är fjorton och en halv sida,» sade mor liksom för att råga måttet.","translation":"\"The sermon is fourteen and a half pages,\" said mother, as if to make matters worse.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Predikan","lemma":"predikan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fjorton","gloss":"the sermon"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fjorton","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fjorton","lemma":"fjorton","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fourteen"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sida","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"halv","lemma":"halv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"sida","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fjorton","gloss":"page"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to fjorton","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of råga","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of råga","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"råga","lemma":"råga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"to make worse"},{"surface":"måttet","lemma":"mått","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies råga","gloss":"matters","note":"The parser conflates the definite noun måttet in råga måttet with the past-tense verb mått."}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch01-p7-s2","source":"»Du får nog sätta dig att läsa genast, om du ska hinna igenom den.»","translation":"\"You'd better sit down and start reading at once, if you're going to get through it.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sätta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sätta","gloss":"had better"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sätta","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"sätta","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to set/put"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sätta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sätta","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies läsa","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hinna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hinna","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hinna","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"hinna","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sätta","gloss":"to have time to"},{"surface":"igenom","lemma":"igenom","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hinna","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hinna","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":22,"label":"8","id":"ch01-p8-s1","source":"Därmed gingo de äntligen, och då pojken stod i dörren och såg efter dem, tyckte han, att han hade blivit fångad i en fälla.","translation":"With that they finally left, and as the boy stood in the doorway watching them go, he felt he had been caught in a trap.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Därmed gingo de","title":"V2: fronted adverb, verb second","body":"Swedish is a strict verb-second (V2) language: whatever element opens the sentence, the finite verb must come next. Here the adverb «Därmed» ('with that') is fronted, so the verb «gingo» jumps ahead of the subject «de» — 'With-that went they', not 'With that they went'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Därmed","lemma":"därmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"with that"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dörren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dörren","lemma":"dörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to gingo","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"fångad","lemma":"fångad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fälla","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fälla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fälla","lemma":"fälla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"trap","note":"The first example ('blivit fångad i en fälla' = 'caught in a trap') uses the unrelated noun 'fälla' (a trap), not the infinitive of the verb fälla ('to fell'); the other three examples are genuinely the verb. Flagged contextDependent since the single default gloss 'to fell' misrenders that example."}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch01-p8-s2","source":"»Nu går de nog och lyckönskar sig till att ha hittat på det så bra, att jag måste sitta och hänga över predikan hela tiden, som de är borta,» tänkte han.","translation":"\"Now they're probably off congratulating themselves on having thought up such a fine scheme, that I have to sit hunched over the sermon the whole time they're gone,\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of går","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyckönskar","lemma":"lyckönska","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with går","gloss":"congratulate"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lyckönskar","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hittat","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hittat","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of hittat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hittat","lemma":"hitta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lyckönskar","gloss":"thought up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hittat","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bra","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies hittat","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sitta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sitta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sitta","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"sitta","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of hittat","gloss":"to sit"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hänga","lemma":"hänga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sitta","gloss":"to hang"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking predikan","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predika","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hänga","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies tiden","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sitta","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of är","gloss":"while","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of är","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on går","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to går","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":24,"label":"9","id":"ch01-p9-s1","source":"Men far och mor gingo visst inte och lyckönskade sig till något, utan i stället voro de ganska bedrövade.","translation":"But father and mother certainly were not off congratulating themselves on anything; instead they were quite troubled.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural of «var»","body":"«voro» is the pre-reform plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'): modern Swedish uses «var» for every person. This book, written in 1906, keeps the old plural forms — «voro», «äro» — throughout, especially in narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyckönskade","lemma":"lyckönska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"congratulated"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lyckönskade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyckönskade","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bedrövade","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bedrövade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"ganska","lemma":"ganska","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövade","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"bedrövade","lemma":"bedrövad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"sorrowful"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s2","source":"De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk, och deras ställe var inte mycket större än en trädgårdstäppa.","translation":"They were poor cottar folk, and their place was not much bigger than a garden patch.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"husmansfolk","title":"«husman»","body":"A «husman» was a landless rural laborer who rented a small cottage and plot from a farmer in exchange for labor — a step below owning a farm. «Husmansfolk» names this whole class: cottars."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of husmansfolk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies husmansfolk","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"husmansfolk","lemma":"husmansfolk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"cottar folk"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ställe","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of större","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to större","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies större","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"större","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trädgårdstäppa","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trädgårdstäppa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trädgårdstäppa","lemma":"trädgårdstäppa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of större","gloss":"garden patch"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s3","source":"Då de först flyttade dit, kunde där inte födas mer än en gris och ett par höns, men de voro ovanligt strävsamma och duktiga människor, och nu hade de både kor och gäss.","translation":"When they first moved there, the place could support no more than one pig and a couple of hens, but they were unusually hardworking and capable people, and now they had both cows and geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of flyttade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flyttade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyttade","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"flyttade","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on födas","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyttade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of födas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies födas","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies födas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"födas","lemma":"föda","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be supported"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gris","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gris","lemma":"gris","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive födas","gloss":"pig"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies höns","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"höns","lemma":"höns","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with gris","gloss":"hens"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of strävsamma","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies strävsamma","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"ovanligt","lemma":"ovanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies strävsamma","gloss":"unusual"},{"surface":"strävsamma","lemma":"strävsamma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gris","gloss":"hardworking"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duktiga","lemma":"duktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies människor","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with strävsamma","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gris","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"kor","lemma":"kor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"cows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gäss","lemma":"gäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"geese","note":"gäss is the plural of gås ('goose'), despite the singular tag."}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s4","source":"Det hade gått ofantligt framåt för dem, och de skulle ha vandrat nöjda och glada till kyrkan den vackra morgonen, om de inte hade haft sonen att tänka på.","translation":"They had gotten on tremendously well, and they would have walked to church content and cheerful on that fine morning, if they hadn't had their son to worry about.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gotten on"},{"surface":"ofantligt","lemma":"ofantlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies framåt","gloss":"immensely"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vandrat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vandrat","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of vandrat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vandrat","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"nöjda","lemma":"nöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vandrat","gloss":"content"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with nöjda","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of glada","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of morgonen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vackra","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies morgonen","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"morgonen","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandrat","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haft","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on vandrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sonen","lemma":"son","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on haft","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tänka","gloss":"about"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s5","source":"Far klagade över att han var trög och lat: ingenting hade han velat lära i skolan, och han var så oduglig, att man nätt och jämnt kunde sätta honom till att valla gäss.","translation":"Father complained that he was slow and lazy: he had refused to learn anything at school, and he was so useless that he could barely be trusted to herd the geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klagade","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"klagade","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"complained"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trög","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trög","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to trög","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"trög","lemma":"trög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klagade","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lat","lemma":"lat","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with trög","gloss":"lazy"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of velat","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of velat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of velat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to klagade","gloss":"wanted","note":"lemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form."},{"surface":"lära","lemma":"lära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of velat","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skolan","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"skolan","lemma":"skola","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lära","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of oduglig","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to oduglig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oduglig","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"oduglig","lemma":"oduglig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with velat","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sätta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sätta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"nätt","lemma":"nätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sätta","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jämnt","lemma":"jämn","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with nätt","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sätta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"sätta","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on oduglig","gloss":"to set/put"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sätta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of valla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of valla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"valla","lemma":"valla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies gäss","gloss":"to herd"},{"surface":"gäss","lemma":"gäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sätta","gloss":"geese","note":"mistagged as neuter singular; 'gäss' is the plural of 'gås' (goose)."}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s6","source":"Och mor nekade inte till att detta var sant, men hon var mest bedrövad över att han var vild och elak, hård mot djur och illvillig mot människor.","translation":"And mother did not deny that this was true, but what troubled her most was that he was wild and unkind, hard on animals and spiteful toward people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nekade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"nekade","lemma":"neka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"denied"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nekade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sant","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sant","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sant","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sant","lemma":"sant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on nekade","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bedrövad","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bedrövad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövad","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"bedrövad","lemma":"bedrövad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with nekade","gloss":"distressed"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vild","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vild","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vild","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vild","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vild","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on bedrövad","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"elak","lemma":"elak","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vild","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"hård","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vild","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djur","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hård","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illvillig","lemma":"illvillig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with djur","gloss":"spiteful"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking människor","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s7","source":"»Måtte Gud bryta hans ondska och ge honom ett annat sinnelag!» sade mor.","translation":"\"May God break his wickedness and give him a different nature!\" said mother.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Måtte","lemma":"Måtte","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Gud","gloss":"may","note":"Not a name; the optative modal 'måtte' expressing a wish (may/might)."},{"surface":"Gud","lemma":"Gud","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of bryta","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"bryta","lemma":"bryta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"break"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ondska","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ondska","lemma":"ondska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bryta","gloss":"wickedness"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with bryta","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sinnelag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sinnelag","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sinnelag","lemma":"sinnelag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch01-p9-s8","source":"»Annars blir han till en olycka för både sig själv och oss.»","translation":"\"Otherwise he'll become a misfortune, both to himself and to us.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Annars","lemma":"annars","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olycka","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of olycka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blir","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"modifies olycka","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with sig","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":32,"label":"10","id":"ch01-p10-s1","source":"Pojken stod en lång stund och funderade om han skulle läsa predikan eller inte.","translation":"The boy stood for a long while wondering whether he should read the sermon or not.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"funderade","lemma":"fundera","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of läsa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of läsa","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on funderade","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predika","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of läsa","gloss":"the sermon"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinated with predikan","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch01-p10-s2","source":"Men så kom han överens med sig själv, att den här gången var det bäst att vara lydig.","translation":"But then he decided that this time it was best to be obedient.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"överens","lemma":"överens","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"in agreement"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bäst","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gången","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"gången","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bäst","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bäst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lydig","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to lydig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"lydig","lemma":"lydig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying bäst","gloss":"obedient"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch01-p10-s3","source":"Han satte sig i prästgårdslänstolen och började läsa.","translation":"He sat down in the parsonage armchair and began to read.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prästgårdslänstolen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"prästgårdslänstolen","lemma":"prästgårdslänstol","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"the parsonage armchair"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to read"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch01-p10-s4","source":"Men då han hade hållit på en stund med att rabbla upp orden halvhögt, så var det, som om det där mumlandet skulle ha sövt honom, och han märkte, att han nickade till.","translation":"But after he had been mumbling the words half aloud for a while, it was as if that muttering had lulled him to sleep, and he noticed himself nodding off.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hållit","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on var","gloss":"been","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hållit","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rabbla","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rabbla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rabbla","lemma":"rabbla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hållit","gloss":"rattle off"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rabbla","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"orden","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies halvhögt","gloss":"the words","note":"Surface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"halvhögt","lemma":"halvhögt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rabbla","gloss":"half aloud"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on var","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"mumlandet","lemma":"mumlande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"murmuring"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"sövt","lemma":"sövt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of honom","gloss":"lulled to sleep"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nickade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nickade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nickade","lemma":"nicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märkte","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nickade","gloss":"off"}]},{"number":36,"label":"11","id":"ch01-p11-s1","source":"Ute var det allra vackraste vårväder.","translation":"Outside it was the loveliest spring weather.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vårväder","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vårväder","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vårväder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackraste","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"vackraste","lemma":"vackr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies vårväder","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"vårväder","lemma":"vårväder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"spring weather"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s2","source":"Året var inte längre kommet än till den tjugonde mars, men pojken bodde i Västra Vemmenhögs socken långt nere i södra Skåne, och där var våren redan i full gång.","translation":"The year had gotten no further than the twentieth of March, but the boy lived in Västra Vemmenhög parish, far down in southern Skåne, and there spring was already in full swing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Året","lemma":"Året","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommet","gloss":"the year"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kommet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommet","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"kommet","lemma":"komme","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mars","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mars","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tjugonde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tjugonde","lemma":"tjugonde","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies mars","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"mars","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kommet","gloss":"March"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"bodde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with mars","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies bodde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Västra","lemma":"Västra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"western","note":"used only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög."},{"surface":"Vemmenhögs","lemma":"Vemmenhögs","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of socken","gloss":"Vemmenhög's"},{"surface":"socken","lemma":"socke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"parish"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nere","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bodde","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"södra","lemma":"södra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Skåne","gloss":"southern"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with mars","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of var","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"full swing"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s3","source":"Det var inte grönt än, men det var friskt och knoppande.","translation":"It was not green yet, but it was fresh and budding.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with grönt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to grönt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies grönt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"grönt","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"quantifies grönt","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of friskt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to friskt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"friskt","lemma":"frisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with grönt","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"knoppande","lemma":"knoppande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with friskt","gloss":"budding"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s4","source":"Det fanns vatten i alla diken, och hästhovsörten stod i blom på dikeskanten.","translation":"There was water in every ditch, and the coltsfoot stood in bloom along the ditch banks.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hästhovsört","title":"«hästhovsört»","body":"Literally 'horse-hoof herb' — coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara), one of the earliest wildflowers to bloom in the Nordic spring, often before its own leaves appear."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of diken","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"diken","lemma":"dik","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies vatten","gloss":"ditches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hästhovsörten","lemma":"hästhovsört","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the coltsfoot"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blom","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"blom","lemma":"blom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"bloom"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dikeskanten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dikeskanten","lemma":"dikeskant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"the ditch bank"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s5","source":"Allt det krattet, som växte på stengärdsgården, hade blivit brunt och blankt.","translation":"All the brushwood growing on the stone wall had turned brown and glossy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of krattet","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of krattet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"krattet","lemma":"kratte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the brushwood"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of växte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"växte","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on krattet","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stengärdsgården","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stengärdsgården","lemma":"stengärdsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of växte","gloss":"stone wall"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with krattet","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"brunt","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blankt","lemma":"blanka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with brunt","gloss":"glossy"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s6","source":"Bokskogen långt borta stod och liksom svällde och blev tätare för varje ögonblick.","translation":"The beech forest far off stood as if swelling, growing denser by the moment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bokskogen","lemma":"bokskog","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the beech forest"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies borta","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of svällde","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"svällde","lemma":"svällde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"swelled"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svällde","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"tätare","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"denser"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"with every"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ögonblick","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s7","source":"Himmelen var hög och rent blå.","translation":"The sky was high and purely blue.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Himmelen","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hög","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hög","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blå","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"blå","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hög","gloss":"blue"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s8","source":"Stugdörren stod på glänt, så att det hördes in i rummet hur lärkorna drillade.","translation":"The cottage door stood ajar, so that the trilling of the larks could be heard inside the room.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stugdörren","lemma":"stugdörre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"cottage door"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glänt","gloss":"ajar"},{"surface":"glänt","lemma":"glänt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"ajar","note":"used in the fixed phrase 'på glänt' (ajar)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hördes","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"could be heard"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hördes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rummet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"rummet","lemma":"rumm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hördes","gloss":"room","note":"Older double-m spelling of modern rum."},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drillade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lärkorna","lemma":"lärka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of drillade","gloss":"larks"},{"surface":"drillade","lemma":"drilla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on hördes","gloss":"trilled"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch01-p11-s9","source":"Hönsen och gässen gingo på gården, och korna, som kände vårluften ända in i båsen, gåvo ibland till ett råmande.","translation":"The hens and geese walked about the yard, and the cows, who could feel the spring air even in their stalls, now and then let out a low.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hönsen","lemma":"Hönsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"the hens"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Hönsen","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"yard"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"korna","lemma":"korna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"the cows"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"käna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on korna","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"vårluften","lemma":"vårluften","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"the spring air"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies in","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking båsen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"båsen","lemma":"bås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"the stalls"},{"surface":"gåvo","lemma":"gåvo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"gave","note":"Historical plural past-tense form of ge/giva (\"to give\"), not a noun."},{"surface":"ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gåvo","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råmande","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of råmande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"råmande","lemma":"råmande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gåvo","gloss":"a low"}]},{"number":45,"label":"12","id":"ch01-p12-s1","source":"Pojken han läste och nickade och stred mot sömnen.","translation":"The boy read and nodded and fought against sleep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of läste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"läste","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Pojken","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nickade","lemma":"nicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with läste","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stred","lemma":"stred","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with läste","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sömnen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"sömnen","lemma":"sömn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stred","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch01-p12-s2","source":"»Nej, jag vill inte somna,» tänkte han, »för då hinner jag inte igenom det här på hela förmiddagen.»","translation":"\"No, I don't want to fall asleep,\" he thought, \"because then I won't get through this all morning.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of somna","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of somna","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies somna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"somna","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"to fall asleep"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to somna","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hinner","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hinner","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hinner","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on somna","gloss":"get through in time"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hinner","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hinner","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"igenom","lemma":"igenom","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hinner","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of förmiddagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förmiddagen","gloss":"all morning"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies förmiddagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"förmiddagen","lemma":"förmiddag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hinner","gloss":"morning"}]},{"number":47,"label":"13","id":"ch01-p13-s1","source":"Men hur det var, så somnade han.","translation":"But however it happened, he fell asleep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on somnade","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on somnade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"somnade","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of somnade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":48,"label":"14","id":"ch01-p14-s1","source":"Han visste inte om han hade sovit litet eller länge, men han vaknade vid att han hörde ett lätt buller bakom sig.","translation":"He didn't know whether he had slept a little or a long while, but he woke because he heard a faint noise behind him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sovit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sovit","lemma":"sovit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sovit","gloss":"a little","note":"this type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with litet","gloss":"a long while"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vaknade","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sovit","gloss":"woke up"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vaknade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of buller","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies buller","gloss":"faint","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"buller","lemma":"buller","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":49,"label":"15","id":"ch01-p15-s1","source":"På själva fönsterbrädet rätt framför pojken stod en liten spegel, och i den syntes nästan hela rummet.","translation":"On the very windowsill right in front of the boy stood a small mirror, and in it almost the whole room could be seen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönsterbrädet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fönsterbrädet","gloss":"very","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"fönsterbrädet","lemma":"fönsterbräd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of rätt","gloss":"windowsill"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on stod","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of spegel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies spegel","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"spegel","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of syntes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hela","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies rummet","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"rummet","lemma":"rumm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of syntes","gloss":"room","note":"Older double-m spelling of modern rum."}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch01-p15-s2","source":"I detsamma som nu pojken lyfte huvudet, råkade han titta i spegeln, och då såg han, att locket till mors kista hade blivit uppslaget.","translation":"Just as the boy now lifted his head, he happened to glance in the mirror, and then he saw that the lid of mother's chest had been thrown open.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detsamma","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"densamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of råkade","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyfte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyfte","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lyfte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on detsamma","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened to"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of råkade","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of titta","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with råkade","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"locket","lemma":"lock","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"lid"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kista","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mors","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of kista","gloss":"mother's"},{"surface":"kista","lemma":"kista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies locket","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"uppslaget","lemma":"uppslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of blivit","gloss":"thrown open"}]},{"number":51,"label":"16","id":"ch01-p16-s1","source":"Det var så, att mor ägde en stor, tung, järnbeslagen ekkista, som ingen annan än hon själv fick öppna.","translation":"The fact was, mother owned a big, heavy, iron-bound oak chest that no one but she herself was allowed to open.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ägde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ägde","lemma":"ägde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on var","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"tung","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"järnbeslagen","lemma":"järnbeslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"iron-bound"},{"surface":"ekkista","lemma":"ekkista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies järnbeslagen","gloss":"oak chest"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of annan","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on järnbeslagen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hon","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying annan","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying hon","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to var","gloss":"was allowed"},{"surface":"öppna","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fick","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch01-p16-s2","source":"Där förvarade mor allt det, som hon hade ärvt efter sin mor, och som hon var särskilt rädd om.","translation":"In it mother kept everything she had inherited from her own mother, and which she was especially careful of.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förvarade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"förvarade","lemma":"förvara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förvarade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of ärvt","gloss":"all/everything"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase allt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ärvt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ärvt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ärvt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ärvt","lemma":"ärv","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förvarade","gloss":"inherited"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mor","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of mor","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ärvt","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of rädd","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"särskilt","lemma":"särskilt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with förvarade","gloss":"careful"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking som","gloss":"of"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch01-p16-s3","source":"Där lågo ett par gammaldags bondkvinnedräkter av rött kläde med kort liv och veckad kjol och pärlbesatt bröstsmäck.","translation":"In it lay a couple of old-fashioned peasant women's costumes of red cloth, with a short bodice and pleated skirt and a pearl-trimmed bib.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bröstsmäck","title":"«bröstsmäck»","body":"An embroidered or beaded bib worn over the chest as part of a traditional folk costume (compare the tomte's own «smäck» later in this chapter) — one of the heirloom pieces mother keeps locked away."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lay","note":"Past plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bondkvinnedräkter","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"gammaldags","lemma":"gammaldags","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bondkvinnedräkter","gloss":"old-fashioned"},{"surface":"bondkvinnedräkter","lemma":"bondkvinnedräkt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lågo","gloss":"peasant women's costumes"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kläde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rött","lemma":"rött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kläde","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"kläde","lemma":"kläde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bondkvinnedräkter","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liv","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"kort","lemma":"kort","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bondkvinnedräkter","gloss":"bodice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"veckad","lemma":"vecka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kjol","gloss":"pleated"},{"surface":"kjol","lemma":"kjol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liv","gloss":"skirt"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pärlbesatt","lemma":"pärlbesätta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bröstsmäck","gloss":"pearl-studded"},{"surface":"bröstsmäck","lemma":"bröstsmäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with bondkvinnedräkter","gloss":"bib"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch01-p16-s4","source":"Där funnos stärkta, vita huvudklutar och tunga silversöljor och kedjor.","translation":"There were starched white headcloths, and heavy silver buckles and chains.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there were","note":"this is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun."},{"surface":"stärkta","lemma":"stärkt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying funnos","gloss":"starched"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stärkta","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"huvudklutar","lemma":"huvudklut","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"headcloths"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tunga","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies silversöljor","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"silversöljor","lemma":"silversölja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with huvudklutar","gloss":"silver buckles"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kedjor","lemma":"kedja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with huvudklutar","gloss":"chains"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch01-p16-s5","source":"Folk ville inte gå med sådant nu för tiden, och mor hade flera gånger tänkt på att göra sig av med de gamla sakerna, men så hade hon inte haft hjärta till det.","translation":"People no longer wanted to wear such things nowadays, and mother had more than once thought of getting rid of the old things, but then she hadn't had the heart to.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sådant","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"nowadays"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gå","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on göra","gloss":"rid"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sakerna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sakerna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sakerna","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"sakerna","lemma":"sak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on haft","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hjärta","lemma":"hjärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of haft","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":56,"label":"17","id":"ch01-p17-s1","source":"Nu såg pojken i spegeln alldeles tydligt, att locket till kistan stod öppet.","translation":"Now the boy saw quite clearly in the mirror that the lid of the chest stood open.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tydligt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"locket","lemma":"lock","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"lid"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistan","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"kistan","lemma":"kista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies locket","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"öppet","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"open","note":"This is the neuter adjective form 'öppet' used predicatively/adverbially."}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch01-p17-s2","source":"Han kunde inte förstå hur detta hade gått till, för mor hade stängt kistan, innan hon gick.","translation":"He could not understand how this had happened, for mother had closed the chest before she left.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of förstå","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mor","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stängt","lemma":"stäng","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies kistan","gloss":"shut/closed"},{"surface":"kistan","lemma":"kista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying kistan","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch01-p17-s3","source":"Det skulle nog inte ha hänt mor, att hon hade lämnat den kistan öppen, när han var ensam hemma.","translation":"It surely would not have happened that mother had left that chest open while he was home alone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hänt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hänt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hänt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hänt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of hänt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hänt","lemma":"hända","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hänt","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lämnat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lämnat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hänt","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kistan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kistan","lemma":"kista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"öppen","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of lämnat","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ensam","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ensam","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ensam","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on öppen","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ensam","gloss":"at home"}]},{"number":59,"label":"18","id":"ch01-p18-s1","source":"Han blev riktigt hemsk till mods.","translation":"He grew truly uneasy at heart.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hemsk","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"hemsk","lemma":"hemsk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"uneasy"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mods","gloss":"at heart"},{"surface":"mods","lemma":"mods","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hemsk","gloss":"at heart","note":"Used in the fixed expression till mods, describing one's state of mind."}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch01-p18-s2","source":"Han var rädd för att en tjuv hade smugit sig in i stugan.","translation":"He was afraid that a thief had crept into the cottage.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of smugit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of smugit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tjuv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tjuv","lemma":"tjuv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smugit","gloss":"thief"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of smugit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"smugit","lemma":"smu","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on rädd","gloss":"crept","note":"Lemma is truncated; the word is 'smyga' (to creep/sneak)."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of smugit","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on smugit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stugan","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of smugit","gloss":"cottage"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch01-p18-s3","source":"Han vågade inte röra sig, utan satt stilla och stirrade i spegeln.","translation":"He didn't dare move, but sat still and stared into the mirror.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of röra","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies röra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"röra","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of röra","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with röra","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on satt","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"stared","note":"Really the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"mirror"}]},{"number":62,"label":"19","id":"ch01-p19-s1","source":"Medan han satt så och väntade, att tjuven skulle visa sig, började han undra vad det var för en svart skugga, som föll över kistkanten.","translation":"While he sat waiting for the thief to show himself, he began to wonder what kind of black shadow was falling over the edge of the chest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tjuven","lemma":"tjuv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"thief"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of satt","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"undra","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to wonder"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skugga","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skugga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skugga","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skugga","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skugga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skugga","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"skugga","lemma":"skugga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on föll","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to började","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistkanten","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"kistkanten","lemma":"kistkant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of föll","gloss":"edge of the chest"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch01-p19-s2","source":"Han såg och såg och ville inte tro sina ögon.","translation":"He looked and looked and would not believe his eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of ögon","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of tro","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch01-p19-s3","source":"Men det där, som till en början var skugglikt, blev allt tydligare, och snart märkte han, att det var något verkligt.","translation":"But that which at first was shadow-like grew ever clearer, and soon he noticed that it was something real.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skugglikt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skugglikt","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking början","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of början","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"början","lemma":"början","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skugglikt","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skugglikt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"skugglikt","lemma":"skugglikt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"shadow-like"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tydligare","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"tydligare","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"clearer"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of verkligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of verkligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to verkligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of verkligt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"verkligt","lemma":"verklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"real"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch01-p19-s4","source":"Det var inte bättre, det, än att en tomte satt och red grensle över kistkanten.","translation":"It was nothing less than a tomte sitting astride the edge of the chest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tomte","title":"«tomte»","body":"A tomte is a small household guardian spirit of Nordic folklore — usually invisible, tied to one farm, easily offended. This one has been caught in the act of admiring mother's heirlooms."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bättre","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bättre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bättre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on bättre","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tomte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tomte","lemma":"tomte","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"tomte","note":"A tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'."},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bättre","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"red","lemma":"red","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"rode","note":"Past tense of 'rida' (to ride), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"grensle","lemma":"grensle","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"astride"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistkanten","gloss":"astride"},{"surface":"kistkanten","lemma":"kistkant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"edge of the chest"}]},{"number":66,"label":"20","id":"ch01-p20-s1","source":"Pojken hade nog hört talas om tomtar, men han hade aldrig tänkt sig, att de kunde vara så små.","translation":"The boy had certainly heard people talk about tomtar, but he had never imagined they could be so small.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive talas","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of talas","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies talas","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"part of the phrase nog","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"talas","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to be talked about","note":"Idiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomtar","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"tomtar","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of talas","gloss":"gnomes","note":"This type merges two distinct words: tomte (gnome) and tomt (plot of land)."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with talas","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of tänkt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of små","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of små","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of små","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to små","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies små","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"small"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch01-p20-s2","source":"Han var inte mer än en tvärhand hög, han, som satt på kistkanten.","translation":"He was no more than a hand's-breadth tall, the one sitting on the edge of the chest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hög","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tvärhand","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tvärhand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tvärhand","lemma":"tvärhand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hög","gloss":"hand's breadth"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on hög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on han","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistkanten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kistkanten","lemma":"kistkant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"edge of the chest"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch01-p20-s3","source":"Han hade ett gammalt, rynkigt, skägglöst ansikte och var klädd i svart långrock, knäbyxor och bredskyggig, svart hatt.","translation":"He had an old, wrinkled, beardless face, and was dressed in a black frock coat, knee breeches, and a broad-brimmed black hat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of gammalt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammalt","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"rynkigt","lemma":"rynkig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gammalt","gloss":"wrinkled"},{"surface":"skägglöst","lemma":"skägglös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ansikte","gloss":"beardless"},{"surface":"ansikte","lemma":"ansikte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gammalt","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klädd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"klädd","lemma":"klädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking långrock","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies långrock","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"långrock","lemma":"långrock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klädd","gloss":"long coat"},{"surface":"knäbyxor","lemma":"knäbyxor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with klädd","gloss":"knee breeches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bredskyggig","lemma":"bredskyggig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klädd","gloss":"broad-brimmed"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hatt","gloss":"black","note":"Surface 'svart' is the adjective svart (black); the lemma 'svar' (answer) is a backbone mistag."},{"surface":"hatt","lemma":"hatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to klädd","gloss":"hat"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch01-p20-s4","source":"Han var mycket prydlig och fin med vita spetsar kring halsen och handlederna, spännen i skorna och strumpeband, knutna i rosetter.","translation":"He was very neat and fine, with white lace at his neck and wrists, buckles on his shoes, and garters tied in bows.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of prydlig","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to prydlig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prydlig","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"prydlig","lemma":"prydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"neat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with prydlig","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spetsar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies spetsar","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"spetsar","lemma":"spets","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of prydlig","gloss":"lace"},{"surface":"kring","lemma":"kring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies spetsar","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"handlederna","lemma":"handlederna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with halsen","gloss":"the wrists"},{"surface":"spännen","lemma":"spänne","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with prydlig","gloss":"buckles"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skorna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"skorna","lemma":"skorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies spännen","gloss":"the shoes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"strumpeband","lemma":"strumpeband","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with skorna","gloss":"garter"},{"surface":"knutna","lemma":"knutna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with prydlig","gloss":"tied"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rosetter","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rosetter","lemma":"rosetter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of knutna","gloss":"bows"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch01-p20-s5","source":"Han hade tagit upp ur kistan en broderad smäck och satt och såg på det gammaldags arbetet med sådan andakt, att han inte märkte, att pojken hade vaknat.","translation":"He had taken an embroidered bib out of the chest, and sat gazing at the old-fashioned needlework with such devotion that he did not notice the boy had woken.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tagit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tagit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistan","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"kistan","lemma":"kista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tagit","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of smäck","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"broderad","lemma":"broderad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies smäck","gloss":"embroidered"},{"surface":"smäck","lemma":"smäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tagit","gloss":"bib"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tagit","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetet","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of arbetet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammaldags","lemma":"gammaldags","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies arbetet","gloss":"old-fashioned"},{"surface":"arbetet","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tagit","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andakt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies andakt","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"andakt","lemma":"andakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies arbetet","gloss":"devotion"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tagit","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaknat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknat","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vaknat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vaknat","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"woken"}]},{"number":71,"label":"21","id":"ch01-p21-s1","source":"Pojken blev bra förvånad att få se tomten, men så särdeles rädd blev han däremot inte.","translation":"The boy was quite astonished to see the tomte, but on the other hand he wasn't especially afraid.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förvånad","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"förvånad","lemma":"förvånad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to blev","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"däremot","lemma":"däremot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch01-p21-s2","source":"Det var omöjligt att bli rädd för en, som var så liten.","translation":"It was impossible to be afraid of someone so small.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with omöjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to omöjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on omöjligt","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of liten","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to liten","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liten","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on en","gloss":"small"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch01-p21-s3","source":"Och eftersom tomten satt där så upptagen av sitt, att han varken såg eller hörde, tänkte pojken, att det skulle vara lustigt att spela honom ett spratt: knuffa ner honom i kistan och slå igen locket över honom eller något i den vägen.","translation":"And since the tomte sat there so absorbed in his own affairs that he neither saw nor heard, the boy thought it would be amusing to play a trick on him: push him down into the chest and slam the lid shut over him, or something of the sort.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on upptagen","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies upptagen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"upptagen","lemma":"upptagen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"absorbed"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sitt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"agent of upptagen","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on upptagen","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with upptagen","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lustigt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lustigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lustigt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to lustigt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"lustigt","lemma":"lustig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clause modifying pojken","gloss":"amusing"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of spela","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"spela","lemma":"spela","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lustigt","gloss":"play"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of spela","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of spratt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"spratt","lemma":"spratt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of spela","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"knuffa","lemma":"knuffa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with upptagen","gloss":"to push"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on knuffa","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of knuffa","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistan","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"kistan","lemma":"kista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of knuffa","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with knuffa","gloss":"slam"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"locket","lemma":"lock","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of slå","gloss":"lid"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with slå","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies något","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":74,"label":"22","id":"ch01-p22-s1","source":"Men pojken var ändå inte så modig, att han vågade röra vid tomten med händerna, utan han såg sig om i stugan efter något, som han kunde stöta till honom med.","translation":"But the boy was still not brave enough to touch the tomte with his bare hands, so he looked around the cottage for something he could use to poke him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of modig","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to modig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies modig","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies modig","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies modig","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"modig","lemma":"modig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vågade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on modig","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"röra","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of vågade","gloss":"touch"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomten","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of röra","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking händerna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"händerna","lemma":"händerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of röra","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on modig","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stugan","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"cottage"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of stöta","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stöta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stöta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"stöta","lemma":"stöta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"to poke"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stöta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch01-p22-s2","source":"Han lät blickarna vandra från liggsoffan till slagbordet och från slagbordet till spisen.","translation":"He let his eyes wander from the settle to the drop-leaf table, and from the table to the stove.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lät","lemma":"lät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"blickarna","lemma":"blickarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive lät","gloss":"his eyes","note":"'blickarna' = the gazes/glances, used for 'his eyes'."},{"surface":"vandra","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lät","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liggsoffan","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"liggsoffan","lemma":"liggsoffa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandra","gloss":"the settle"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slagbordet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"slagbordet","lemma":"slagbord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandra","gloss":"drop-leaf table"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slagbordet","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"slagbordet","lemma":"slagbord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vandra","gloss":"drop-leaf table"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spisen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"spisen","lemma":"spis","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slagbordet","gloss":"stove"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch01-p22-s3","source":"Han såg på grytorna och kaffepannan, som stodo på en hylla bredvid spisen, på vattenspannen vid dörren och på slevar och knivar och gafflar och fat och tallrikar, som syntes genom den halvöppna skåpdörren.","translation":"He looked at the pots and the coffee pot standing on a shelf beside the stove, at the water pail by the door, and at the ladles and knives and forks and dishes and plates visible through the half-open cupboard door.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grytorna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"grytorna","lemma":"grytorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"the pots"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kaffepannan","lemma":"kaffepanna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with grytorna","gloss":"coffee pot"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on grytorna","gloss":"stood","note":"Historical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hylla","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hylla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hylla","lemma":"hylla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"shelf"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hylla","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"spisen","lemma":"spis","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hylla","gloss":"stove"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattenspannen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"vattenspannen","lemma":"vattenspann","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"the water pail"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dörren","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dörren","lemma":"dörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vattenspannen","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slevar","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"slevar","lemma":"slevar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dörren","gloss":"ladles"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"knivar","lemma":"knivar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with slevar","gloss":"knives"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gafflar","lemma":"gaffl","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vattenspannen","gloss":"forks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fat","lemma":"fat","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gafflar","gloss":"dish"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tallrikar","lemma":"tallrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vattenspannen","gloss":"plates"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of syntes","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"relative clause on tallrikar","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skåpdörren","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skåpdörren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"halvöppna","lemma":"halvöppna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skåpdörren","gloss":"half-open"},{"surface":"skåpdörren","lemma":"skåpdörre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of syntes","gloss":"the cupboard door"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch01-p22-s4","source":"Han såg upp till fars bössa, som hängde på väggen bredvid de danska kungligas porträtt, och på pelargonierna och fuksiorna, som blommade i fönstret.","translation":"He looked up at father's gun, hanging on the wall beside the portraits of the Danish royals, and at the geraniums and fuchsias blooming in the window.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bössa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fars","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of bössa","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"bössa","lemma":"bössa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"gun"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hänga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bössa","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"väggen","lemma":"vägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hängde","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hängde","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kungligas","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"danska","lemma":"dansk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kungligas","gloss":"Danish"},{"surface":"kungligas","lemma":"kungligas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"direct object of hängde","gloss":"the royals'"},{"surface":"porträtt","lemma":"porträtt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hängde","gloss":"portraits"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pelargonierna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"pelargonierna","lemma":"pelargonierna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"the geraniums"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fuksiorna","lemma":"fuksiorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with pelargonierna","gloss":"the fuchsias"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blommade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blommade","lemma":"blomma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fuksiorna","gloss":"bloomed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönstret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fönstret","lemma":"fönstr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blommade","gloss":"window","note":"Archaic/dialectal spelling of fönster."}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch01-p22-s5","source":"Allra sist föllo hans blickar på en gammal flughåv, som hängde på fönsterkarmen.","translation":"Last of all his eyes fell on an old fly-net hanging on the window frame.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allra","lemma":"Allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sist","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föllo","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"föllo","lemma":"föllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell","note":"Archaic plural past of falla."},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of blickar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"blickar","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"direct object of föllo","gloss":"glances/eyes","note":"Every example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flughåv","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flughåv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flughåv","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"flughåv","lemma":"flughåv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blickar","gloss":"fly-net"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hänga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on flughåv","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönsterkarmen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fönsterkarmen","lemma":"fönsterkarm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hängde","gloss":"the window frame"}]},{"number":79,"label":"23","id":"ch01-p23-s1","source":"Knappast hade han fått syn på flughåven, förrän han ryckte den till sig och sprang upp och svängde den utmed kistkanten.","translation":"Scarcely had he caught sight of the fly-net before he snatched it up, sprang forward, and swept it along the edge of the chest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Knappast","lemma":"knappast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flughåven","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"flughåven","lemma":"flughåve","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"the fly-net"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ryckte","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ryckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ryckte","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"tugged"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ryckte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of ryckte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ryckte","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sprang","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svängde","lemma":"svängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ryckte","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of svängde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kistkanten","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"kistkanten","lemma":"kistkant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of svängde","gloss":"edge of the chest"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch01-p23-s2","source":"Och han blev själv förvånad över en sådan tur, som han hade.","translation":"And he himself was astonished at the luck he had.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"förvånad","lemma":"förvåna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tur","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tur","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"tur","lemma":"tur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förvånad","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tur","gloss":"had"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch01-p23-s3","source":"Han förstod nästan inte hur han hade burit sig åt, men han hade verkligen fångat tomten.","translation":"He could hardly understand how he'd managed it, but he had actually caught the tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies burit","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of burit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of burit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"burit","lemma":"burit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of burit","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies burit","gloss":"managed","note":"Mostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fångat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fångat","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"fångat","lemma":"fånga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fångat","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch01-p23-s4","source":"Den stackaren låg på bottnen av den långa håven med huvudet neråt och kunde inte komma upp ur den.","translation":"The poor fellow lay at the bottom of the long net with his head down, and couldn't climb back out of it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stackaren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stackaren","lemma":"stackar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the poor fellow"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bottnen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bottnen","lemma":"bottn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håven","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of håven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies håven","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"håven","lemma":"håve","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bottnen","gloss":"the net"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvudet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håven","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bottnen","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":83,"label":"24","id":"ch01-p24-s1","source":"I första ögonblicket visste pojken alls inte vad han skulle ta sig till med sin fångst.","translation":"In the first moment the boy had no idea what to do with his catch.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblicket","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögonblicket","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"ögonblicket","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of visste","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fångst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of fångst","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fångst","lemma":"fångst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"catch"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch01-p24-s2","source":"Han var bara noga med att svänga håven fram och tillbaka, för att inte tomten skulle få rådrum att klättra upp.","translation":"He was only careful to keep swinging the net back and forth, so the tomte wouldn't get the chance to climb out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of noga","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to noga","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies noga","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"noga","lemma":"noga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"careful"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of svänga","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of svänga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"svänga","lemma":"svänga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on noga","gloss":"to swing"},{"surface":"håven","lemma":"håve","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of svänga","gloss":"the net"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svänga","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on svänga","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"rådrum","lemma":"rådrum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"the chance"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of klättra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"klättra","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of få","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on klättra","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":85,"label":"25","id":"ch01-p25-s1","source":"Tomten började tala och bad så innerligt att bli frigiven.","translation":"The tomte began to speak, and begged so earnestly to be set free.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tomten","lemma":"Tomten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"the tomte","note":"A tomte is a traditional Swedish household or farm spirit."},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tala","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies innerligt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"innerligt","lemma":"innerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bad","gloss":"earnestly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bad","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"frigiven","lemma":"frigiven","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"set free"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch01-p25-s2","source":"Han hade gjort dem gott under många år, sade han, och var värd bättre medfart.","translation":"He had done them good for many years, he said, and deserved better treatment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies många","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies år","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to värd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"värd","lemma":"värd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies medfart","gloss":"deserving of"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies medfart","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"medfart","lemma":"medfart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"treatment"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch01-p25-s3","source":"Om nu pojken släppte lös honom, så skulle han ge honom en gammal speciedaler, en silversked och en guldpenning, som var lika stor som boetten på hans fars silverur.","translation":"If the boy would now let him loose, he would give him an old specie-daler, a silver spoon, and a gold coin as big as the case of his father's silver watch.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"speciedaler","title":"«speciedaler»","body":"An old high-value Scandinavian silver coin, the 'specie-daler' — the tomte is offering real antique wealth, not pocket change."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of släppte","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies släppte","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of släppte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"släppte","lemma":"släppte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ge","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"lös","lemma":"lös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies honom","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of släppte","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on ge","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of speciedaler","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies speciedaler","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"speciedaler","lemma":"speciedal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"specie-daler"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of silversked","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"silversked","lemma":"silversked","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to speciedaler","gloss":"silver spoon"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of guldpenning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"guldpenning","lemma":"guldpenning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with silversked","gloss":"gold coin"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on guldpenning","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of boetten","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"boetten","lemma":"boette","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on stor","gloss":"the case"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silverur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of silverur","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fars","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"modifies silverur","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"silverur","lemma":"silverur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies boetten","gloss":"silver watch"}]},{"number":88,"label":"26","id":"ch01-p26-s1","source":"Pojken tyckte inte, att detta var mycket bjudet, men det hade gått honom så, att sedan han hade fått tomten i sitt våld, hade han blivit rädd för honom.","translation":"The boy didn't think this was much of an offer, but it had happened that, once he had the tomte in his power, he had grown afraid of him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hade fått","title":"Pluperfect: «hade» + supine","body":"«hade fått» is the pluperfect of «få» ('to get'): the imperfect of «ha» plus the supine form. It marks an action already complete before another past moment — contrast the plain preterite «fick» ('got'), naming one finished event with no such 'already-by-then' layering."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bjudet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bjudet","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bjudet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bjudet","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"bjudet","lemma":"bjude","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tyckte","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gått","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våld","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of våld","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"våld","lemma":"våld","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tyckte","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rädd","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ch01-p26-s2","source":"Han märkte, att han hade gett sig i lag med något, som var främmande och hemskt och inte hörde hans värld till, och han var bara glad att bli av med otyget.","translation":"He realized he had gotten mixed up with something strange and uncanny that did not belong to his world, and he was simply glad to be rid of the creature.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gett","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gett","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lag","gloss":"mixed up"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"lag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gett","gloss":"company","note":"In the idiom 'ge sig i lag med' (to keep company with)."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gett","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of glad","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to främmande","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"främmande","lemma":"främmande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies till","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hemskt","lemma":"hemskt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with främmande","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with främmande","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of värld","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"värld","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies som","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glad","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to glad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on glad","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bli","gloss":"rid"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otyget","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"otyget","lemma":"otyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"creature"}]},{"number":90,"label":"27","id":"ch01-p27-s1","source":"Han gick därför genast in på köpet och höll håven stilla, för att tomten skulle kunna krypa ut ur den.","translation":"So he agreed to the bargain at once and held the net still, so the tomte could crawl out of it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gå in på","title":"«gå in på» + noun","body":"A particle verb: «gå in på» (literally 'go in on') means 'to agree to / accept' a deal or condition — «gå in på köpet» is 'to agree to the bargain'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking köpet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"köpet","lemma":"köp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"bargain","note":"Most examples use the fixed idiom till/på köpet, meaning \"on top of that\", rather than the literal \"the deal\"."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"håven","lemma":"håve","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of höll","gloss":"the net"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of krypa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of krypa","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of krypa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of krypa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"krypa","lemma":"krypa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"to creep"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on krypa","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of krypa","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch01-p27-s2","source":"Men när tomten nästan var ute ur håven, kom pojken att tänka på att han borde ha betingat sig stora ägodelar och allt möjligt gott.","translation":"But when the tomte was almost out of the net, it occurred to the boy that he ought to have bargained for great riches and all sorts of good things.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies Men","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håven","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"håven","lemma":"håv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"the net"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tänka","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of betingat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"betingat","lemma":"betinga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"bargained for"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of betingat","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ägodelar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"ägodelar","lemma":"ägodeel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of betingat","gloss":"riches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"all/everything"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with betingat","gloss":"all sorts of","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"good things"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ch01-p27-s3","source":"Åtminstone borde han då ha ställt upp det villkoret, att tomten skulle ha trollat predikan in i huvudet på honom.","translation":"At the very least he should have set the condition that the tomte should have conjured the sermon straight into his head.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åtminstone","lemma":"Åtminstone","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställt","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ställt","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ställt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ställt","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put/placed"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ställt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of villkoret","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"villkoret","lemma":"villkor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ställt","gloss":"condition"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trollat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trollat","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of trollat","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of trollat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"trollat","lemma":"trolla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clause modifying villkoret","gloss":"conjured"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predika","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of trollat","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trollat","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvudet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch01-p27-s4","source":"»Så dum jag var, som gav honom fri!» tänkte han och började skaka håven, för att tomten skulle ramla ner igen.","translation":"\"How stupid I was to let him go free!\" he thought, and started shaking the net so the tomte would tumble down into it again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dum","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dum","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dum","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"to","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on dum","gloss":"let go","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"fri","lemma":"fri","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of gav","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"skaka","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"håven","lemma":"håv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of skaka","gloss":"the net"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ramla","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ramla","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ramla","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ramla","lemma":"ramla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"to tumble"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ramla","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ramla","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":94,"label":"28","id":"ch01-p28-s1","source":"Men i samma stund, som pojken gjorde detta, fick han en så förfärlig örfil, att han trodde huvudet skulle springa i bitar.","translation":"But the very moment the boy did this, he got such a terrible slap that he thought his head would burst into pieces.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"when","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on stund","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of örfil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förfärlig","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"förfärlig","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies örfil","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"örfil","lemma":"örfil","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"slap"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trodde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying örfil","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of trodde","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of springa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"springa","lemma":"springa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"burst","note":"One cited example uses the homograph springa \"slit/crack\" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb \"to run\"."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bitar","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"bitar","lemma":"bit","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of springa","gloss":"pieces","note":"Two examples ('biter') are actually the present tense of bita (to bite), mixed in under this noun key."}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch01-p28-s2","source":"Han for först mot ena väggen, sedan mot den andra, till sist sjönk han ner på golvet, och där blev han liggande sanslös.","translation":"He flew first against one wall, then against the other; finally he sank down onto the floor, and there he lay unconscious.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of väggen","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väggen","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väggen","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väggen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies väggen","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"väggen","lemma":"vägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väggen","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of väggen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sjönk","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"sjönk","lemma":"sjönk","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on väggen","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sjönk","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sjönk","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golvet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"golvet","lemma":"golv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"liggande","lemma":"liggande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies sanslös","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"sanslös","lemma":"sanslös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"unconscious"}]},{"number":96,"label":"29","id":"ch01-p29-s1","source":"Då han vaknade upp igen, var han ensam i stugan.","translation":"When he woke up again, he was alone in the cottage.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vaknade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vaknade","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"woke up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vaknade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vaknade","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ensam","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ensam","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to vaknade","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stugan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ensam","gloss":"cottage"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ch01-p29-s2","source":"Han såg inte till ett spår efter tomten.","translation":"He saw no trace of the tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of spår","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"spår","lemma":"spår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"track/trace"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch01-p29-s3","source":"Kistlocket var stängt, och flughåven hängde på sin vanliga plats i fönstret.","translation":"The lid of the chest was closed, and the fly-net hung in its usual place at the window.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kistlocket","lemma":"Kistlocket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stängt","gloss":"the chest lid"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stängt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"stängt","lemma":"stäng","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flughåven","lemma":"flughåve","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"the fly-net"},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stängt","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plats","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of plats","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"vanliga","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies plats","gloss":"usual"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hängde","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönstret","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fönstret","lemma":"fönstr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hängde","gloss":"window","note":"Archaic/dialectal spelling of fönster."}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"ch01-p29-s4","source":"Om han inte hade känt hur högra kinden brände efter örfilen, skulle han ha varit frestad att tro, att det hade varit en dröm alltsammans.","translation":"If he hadn't felt his right cheek burning from the slap, he would have been tempted to think the whole thing had been a dream.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of känt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies känt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of känt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"känt","lemma":"känd","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on brände","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högra","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"högra","lemma":"högra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies kinden","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"kinden","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of brände","gloss":"the cheek"},{"surface":"brände","lemma":"brän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on frestad","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking örfilen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"örfilen","lemma":"örfil","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of brände","gloss":"slap"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of frestad","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frestad","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of frestad","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to frestad","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"frestad","lemma":"frestad","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tempted"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on frestad","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dröm","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dröm","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dröm","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to dröm","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dröm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dröm","lemma":"dröm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of alltsammans","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"alltsammans","lemma":"alltsammans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"all of it"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ch01-p29-s5","source":"»Hur som helst så lär väl far och mor påstå, att det inte har varit annat,» tänkte han.","translation":"\"Anyway, father and mother will probably claim it was nothing else,\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Hur","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Hur","gloss":"anyway","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lär","lemma":"lära","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of far","gloss":"will probably"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"påstå","lemma":"påstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"claim"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of annat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with annat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of annat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to annat","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on far","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to far","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch01-p29-s6","source":"»De kommer nog inte att göra något avdrag i predikan för tomtens skull.","translation":"\"They certainly won't give me any allowance in the sermon on the tomte's account.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nog","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of avdrag","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"avdrag","lemma":"avdrag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"shortening"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking predikan","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predika","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies avdrag","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomtens","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tomtens","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of skull","gloss":"gnome's","note":"Genitive of 'tomte', the household spirit, not 'tomt' (a plot of land)."},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch01-p29-s7","source":"Det är bäst jag sätter mig att läsa igen.»","translation":"I'd better sit down and read again.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sätter","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies sätter","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sätter","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sätter","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sit down"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sätter","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sätter","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on läsa","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":103,"label":"30","id":"ch01-p30-s1","source":"Men när han nu gick fram mot bordet, så lade han märke till något underligt.","translation":"But when he now walked toward the table, he noticed something strange.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on lade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordet","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on lade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märke","lemma":"märke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"notice","note":"Both attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking underligt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies underligt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"underligt","lemma":"underlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of lade","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch01-p30-s2","source":"Det kunde ju inte vara så, att stugan hade vuxit.","translation":"Surely it couldn't be that the cottage had grown.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with så","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of så","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies så","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to så","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuxit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vuxit","gloss":"cottage"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vuxit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vuxit","lemma":"vuxia","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on så","gloss":"grown"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"ch01-p30-s3","source":"Men varav kom det sig då, att han måste gå så många fler steg, än han brukade, för att komma fram till bordet?","translation":"But then how was it that he had to take so many more steps than usual to reach the table?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"varav","lemma":"varav","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of kom","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fler","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"fler","lemma":"fler","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of gå","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brukade","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch01-p30-s4","source":"Och vad gick det åt stolen?","translation":"And what was wrong with the chair?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stolen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stolen","lemma":"stol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"chair"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch01-p30-s5","source":"Den såg inte ut att vara större nu än nyss förut, men han måste först stiga upp på slån mellan stolbenen och sedan klättra för att nå till sitsen.","translation":"It didn't look any bigger now than it had a moment before, yet he first had to step up onto the rung between the chair legs and then climb to reach the seat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of större","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to större","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"större","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nyss","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"nyss","lemma":"nyss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förut","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stiga","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stiga","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stiga","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"stiga","lemma":"stiga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"to rise"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stiga","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slån","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"slån","lemma":"slån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stiga","gloss":"the rung"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stolbenen","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"stolbenen","lemma":"stolben","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slån","gloss":"the chair legs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klättra","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"klättra","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stiga","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of nå","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of nå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"nå","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on klättra","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sitsen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sitsen","lemma":"sits","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nå","gloss":"the seat"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch01-p30-s6","source":"Och på samma sätt var det med bordet.","translation":"And it was the same with the table.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"ch01-p30-s7","source":"Han kunde inte se över bordskivan utan att kliva upp på armstödet.","translation":"He couldn't see over the tabletop without climbing up onto the armrest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"bordskivan","lemma":"bordskivan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"the tabletop"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kliva","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of kliva","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"kliva","lemma":"kliva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"climbing up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kliva","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armstödet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"armstödet","lemma":"armstöd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kliva","gloss":"the armrest"}]},{"number":110,"label":"31","id":"ch01-p31-s1","source":"»Vad i all världen är detta?» sade pojken.","translation":"\"What in the world is this?\" said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of »","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of detta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of detta","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to detta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Vad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ch01-p31-s2","source":"»Jag menar tomten har förgjort både länstolen och bordet och hela stugan.»","translation":"\"I do believe the tomte has bewitched the armchair and the table and the whole cottage.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of menar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"menar","lemma":"mena","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förgjort","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förgjort","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"förgjort","lemma":"förgöra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of menar","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"länstolen","lemma":"länstol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förgjort","gloss":"the armchair"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with länstolen","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stugan","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bordet","gloss":"cottage"}]},{"number":112,"label":"32","id":"ch01-p32-s1","source":"Postillan låg på bordet, och synbarligen var den sig lik, men det måtte ha varit något galet med den också, för han kunde inte komma åt att läsa ett ord i den utan att rent av ställa sig i själva boken.","translation":"The postil lay on the table, and it looked, to all appearances, just as it always did, but there must have been something wrong with it too, for he couldn't manage to read a single word in it without actually standing on the book itself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postillan","lemma":"postillan","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the postil","note":"A postil is a book of sermons or biblical commentary."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bordet","lemma":"bord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"synbarligen","lemma":"synbarlig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lik","gloss":"to all appearances"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lik","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"lik","lemma":"lik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"unchanged"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of galet","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to galet","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies galet","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"galet","lemma":"gale","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies galet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies galet","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on galet","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"manage","note":"Mostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on komma","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of läsa","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of läsa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ställa","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ställa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställa","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase rent","gloss":"actually"},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on läsa","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställa","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies boken","gloss":"itself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"boken","lemma":"bok","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställa","gloss":"book"}]},{"number":113,"label":"33","id":"ch01-p33-s1","source":"Han läste ett par rader, men så råkade han att se upp.","translation":"He read a couple of lines, but then happened to glance up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of läste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"läste","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies rader","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"rader","lemma":"rad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of läste","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with läste","gloss":"happened to"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on råkade","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"ch01-p33-s2","source":"Därvid föllo hans blickar i spegeln, och då ropade han helt högt: »Se, där är ju en till!»","translation":"Just then his eyes fell on the mirror, and he cried out loud, \"Look, there's another one!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därvid","lemma":"därvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föllo","gloss":"just then"},{"surface":"föllo","lemma":"fölloma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of blickar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"blickar","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"subject of föllo","gloss":"glances/eyes","note":"Every example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blickar","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with föllo","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to en","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on Se","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on en","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":115,"label":"34","id":"ch01-p34-s1","source":"För i spegeln såg han tydligt en liten, liten parvel, som var klädd i toppluva och skinnbyxor.","translation":"For in the mirror he clearly saw a tiny, tiny little fellow dressed in a pointed cap and leather breeches.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies liten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies parvel","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"parvel","lemma":"parvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"little fellow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klädd","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klädd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"klädd","lemma":"klädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on parvel","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toppluva","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"toppluva","lemma":"toppluva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klädd","gloss":"pointed cap"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skinnbyxor","lemma":"skinnbyxor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with toppluva","gloss":"leather breeches"}]},{"number":116,"label":"35","id":"ch01-p35-s1","source":"»Den där är ju klädd alldeles som jag,» sade pojken och slog ihop händerna av förvåning.","translation":"\"Why, that one's dressed exactly like me,\" said the boy, and clapped his hands together in astonishment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klädd","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klädd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klädd","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"klädd","lemma":"klädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on Den","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jag","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jag","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klädd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to klädd","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"clapped","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"ihop","lemma":"ihop","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"händerna","lemma":"händerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förvåning","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"förvåning","lemma":"förvåning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies händerna","gloss":"astonishment"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ch01-p35-s2","source":"Men då såg han, att parveln i spegeln gjorde detsamma.","translation":"But then he saw that the little fellow in the mirror did the same thing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"parveln","lemma":"parvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"little fellow"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies parveln","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"densamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":118,"label":"36","id":"ch01-p36-s1","source":"Då började han att dra sig i håret och nypa sig i armarna och svänga sig runt, och ögonblickligen gjorde han efter det, han, som syntes i spegeln.","translation":"Then he began to pull his own hair and pinch his own arms and spin himself around, and instantly the one in the mirror imitated him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of dra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"dra","lemma":"dra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to pull"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of dra","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håret","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"håret","lemma":"hår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of dra","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nypa","lemma":"nypa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dra","gloss":"pinch"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of nypa","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"armarna","lemma":"armarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of nypa","gloss":"the arms"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svänga","lemma":"svänga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dra","gloss":"to swing"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of svänga","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svänga","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ögonblickligen","lemma":"ögonblickligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"instantly"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with började","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"in imitation"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of syntes","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"relative clause on han","gloss":"was visible"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of syntes","gloss":"mirror"}]},{"number":119,"label":"37","id":"ch01-p37-s1","source":"Pojken sprang omkring spegeln ett par gånger för att se efter om det stod någon liten karl gömd bakom den.","translation":"The boy ran around the mirror a couple of times to see whether some little fellow was hiding behind it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying gånger","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of karl","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies karl","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"karl","lemma":"karl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"gömd","lemma":"gömd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of se","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gömd","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ch01-p37-s2","source":"Men han fann ingen där, och då började han skälva av skräck.","translation":"But he found no one there, and then he began to tremble with fear.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fann","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fann","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skälva","lemma":"skälva","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of började","gloss":"tremble","note":"Infinitive 'to tremble', despite the noun tag."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skräck","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"skräck","lemma":"skräck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"terror"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch01-p37-s3","source":"Ty nu förstod han, att tomten hade förtrollat honom, och att den där parveln, som han såg bilden av i spegeln, det var han själv.","translation":"For now he understood that the tomte had bewitched him, and that the little fellow whose reflection he saw in the mirror was himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ty","lemma":"ty","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for","note":"Archaic causal conjunction, equivalent to 'because/for'."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förtrollat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förtrollat","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förtrollat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"förtrollat","lemma":"förtrolla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förtrollat","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of .","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase att","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parveln","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"parveln","lemma":"parvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with den","gloss":"little fellow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"whose","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on parveln","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"bilden","lemma":"bild","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"the image"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bilden","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to den","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":122,"label":"38","id":"ch01-p38-s1","source":"VILDGÄSSEN.","translation":"THE WILD GEESE.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"VILDGÄSSEN","lemma":"VILDGÄSSEN","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"THE WILD GEESE"}]},{"number":123,"label":"39","id":"ch01-p39-s1","source":"Pojken kunde rakt inte förmå sig att tro, att han hade blivit förvandlad till tomte.","translation":"The boy simply could not bring himself to believe that he had been turned into a tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förmå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förmå","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase rakt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förmå","lemma":"förmå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bring himself to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of förmå","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förmå","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"förvandlad","lemma":"förvandla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"transformed","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomte","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tomte","lemma":"tomte","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förvandlad","gloss":"tomte","note":"A tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'."}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ch01-p39-s2","source":"»Det är väl bara en dröm och en inbillning,» tänkte han.","translation":"\"It's probably just a dream and my imagination,\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dröm","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dröm","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröm","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dröm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dröm","lemma":"dröm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of inbillning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inbillning","lemma":"inbillning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dröm","gloss":"fancy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to dröm","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch01-p39-s3","source":"»Om jag väntar ett par ögonblick, så blir jag nog människa igen.»","translation":"\"If I wait a few moments, I'll surely be human again.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of väntar","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of väntar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"väntar","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on blir","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ögonblick","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of väntar","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on blir","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":126,"label":"40","id":"ch01-p40-s1","source":"Han ställde sig framför spegeln och slöt ögonen.","translation":"He stood in front of the mirror and closed his eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spegeln","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"spegeln","lemma":"spegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slöt","lemma":"slöt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ställde","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of slöt","gloss":"the eyes"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ch01-p40-s2","source":"Han öppnade dem först efter ett par minuter och väntade då, att det skulle ha gått över.","translation":"He didn't open them again until a couple of minutes had passed, expecting it to have gone away by then.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of öppnade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"öppnade","lemma":"öppna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of öppnade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies minuter","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minuter","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies minuter","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"minuter","lemma":"minut","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of öppnade","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with öppnade","gloss":"expecting"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väntade","gloss":"by then"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on öppnade","gloss":"gone away"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ch01-p40-s3","source":"Men det hade det inte, utan han var och förblev lika liten.","translation":"But it hadn't, and he remained just as small as before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"depends on förblev","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"förblev","lemma":"förbleva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liten","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of förblev","gloss":"small"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch01-p40-s4","source":"Eljest var han alldeles sådan, som han hade varit förut.","translation":"Otherwise he was exactly as he had been before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eljest","lemma":"eljest","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sådan","gloss":"otherwise","note":"Literary or archaic adverb meaning ‘otherwise’."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sådan","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sådan","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sådan","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of förut","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förut","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förut","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to förut","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on sådan","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch01-p40-s5","source":"Det vita linhåret och fräknarna över näsan och lapparna på skinnbyxorna och stoppen på strumpan, alltsammans var sig likt, med undantag av att det hade blivit förminskat.","translation":"The white flaxen hair, the freckles across his nose, the patches on his leather breeches, and the darn in his stocking — all of it was just the same, except that it had been shrunk down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of linhåret","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies linhåret","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"linhåret","lemma":"linhår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the flaxen hair"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fräknarna","lemma":"fräknarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with linhåret","gloss":"the freckles"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking näsan","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"näsan","lemma":"näsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fräknarna","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lapparna","lemma":"lapp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with näsan","gloss":"Lapps","note":"Period term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skinnbyxorna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skinnbyxorna","lemma":"skinnbyxorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies fräknarna","gloss":"the leather breeches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stoppen","lemma":"stopp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with skinnbyxorna","gloss":"the darn"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies linhåret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"strumpan","lemma":"strumpan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"the stocking"},{"surface":"alltsammans","lemma":"alltsammans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of likt","gloss":"all of it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to likt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"likt","lemma":"likt","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with linhåret","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förminskat","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"undantag","lemma":"undantag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"exception"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förminskat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of förminskat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förminskat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"passive auxiliary of förminskat","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"förminskat","lemma":"förminska","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on likt","gloss":"shrunk down"}]},{"number":131,"label":"41","id":"ch01-p41-s1","source":"Nej, det tjänade ingenting till att stå stilla och vänta, det märkte han.","translation":"No, standing still and waiting did no good, he realized.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with tjänade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tjänade","lemma":"tjäna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"was useful"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tjänade","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of stå","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tjänade","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stilla","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of märkte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch01-p41-s2","source":"Han fick lov att försöka med något annat.","translation":"He would have to try something else.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"lov","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"have to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of försöka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"försöka","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fick","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking annat","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of annat","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of försöka","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"ch01-p41-s3","source":"Och det klokaste, han kunde företa sig, tyckte han skulle vara att leta reda på tomten och försona sig med honom.","translation":"And the wisest thing he could do, he thought, would be to find the tomte and make peace with him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"försona sig","title":"Reflexive verb + «sig»","body":"«försona sig med (någon)» — 'to reconcile oneself with, make peace with' — is a reflexive verb: the action bends back onto the subject via «sig». Swedish leans on this reflexive «sig» constantly where English needs no pronoun at all ('make peace', not 'make peace to itself')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of klokaste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klokaste","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"adverbial clause on leta","gloss":"wisest"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of företa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of företa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"företa","lemma":"företa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to klokaste","gloss":"to undertake"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of företa","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tyckte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on leta","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of leta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to leta","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of leta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"leta","lemma":"leta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to search"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leta","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomten","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of leta","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"försona","lemma":"försona","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with tomten","gloss":"make peace"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tomten","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tomten","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":134,"label":"42","id":"ch01-p42-s1","source":"Han hoppade ner på golvet och började söka.","translation":"He jumped down onto the floor and began to search.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hoppade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hoppade","lemma":"hoppa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hoppade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golvet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"golvet","lemma":"golv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hoppade","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"search"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch01-p42-s2","source":"Han tittade bakom stolar och skåp och under liggsoffan och i bakugnen.","translation":"He looked behind chairs and cupboards, and under the settle, and in the baking oven.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tittade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tittade","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stolar","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"stolar","lemma":"stol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tittade","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skåp","lemma":"skåp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with stolar","gloss":"cupboards"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liggsoffan","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"liggsoffan","lemma":"liggsoffa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stolar","gloss":"the settle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bakugnen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"bakugnen","lemma":"bakugn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stolar","gloss":"the baking oven"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"ch01-p42-s3","source":"Han kröp till och med ner i ett par råtthål, men han var inte i stånd att finna tomten.","translation":"He even crawled down into a couple of rat holes, but he was unable to find the tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kröp","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kröp","lemma":"kröp","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crept"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kröp","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kröp","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking par","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies råtthål","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"råtthål","lemma":"råtthål","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"oblique complement of kröp","gloss":"rat holes"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of i","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to i","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kröp","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stånd","lemma":"stånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kröp","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":137,"label":"43","id":"ch01-p43-s1","source":"Medan han sökte, grät han och bad och lovade allt tänkbart.","translation":"While he searched, he wept and pleaded and promised every imaginable thing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sökte","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on grät","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"grät","lemma":"grät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of grät","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with grät","gloss":"pleaded"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lovade","lemma":"lova","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with grät","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkbart","gloss":"every imaginable thing"},{"surface":"tänkbart","lemma":"tänkbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lovade","gloss":"imaginable"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"ch01-p43-s2","source":"Aldrig mer skulle han svika sitt ord till någon, aldrig mer skulle han vara elak, aldrig mer skulle han somna ifrån predikan.","translation":"Never again would he break his word to anyone; never again would he be unkind; never again would he fall asleep and neglect the sermon.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aldrig","lemma":"Aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svika","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of svika","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svika","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"svika","lemma":"svika","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on somna","gloss":"break his word"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of ord","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of svika","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking någon","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of svika","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies elak","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of elak","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of elak","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to elak","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"elak","lemma":"elak","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with svika","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of somna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of somna","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"somna","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to fall asleep"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on somna","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"predikan","lemma":"predika","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of somna","gloss":"sermon"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"ch01-p43-s3","source":"Om han bara finge bli människa igen, så skulle det bli en så präktig och snäll och lydig gosse av honom.","translation":"If only he could become human again, he would turn into such a fine, kind, and obedient boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finge","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finge","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finge","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"finge","lemma":"finge","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"might get to","note":"Archaic past subjunctive of få (\"to get/be allowed\")."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on bli","gloss":"to become"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies människa","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"depends on bli","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies präktig","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"präktig","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snäll","lemma":"snäll","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with präktig","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lydig","lemma":"lydig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with snäll","gloss":"obedient"},{"surface":"gosse","lemma":"gosse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of präktig","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of präktig","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"ch01-p43-s4","source":"Men vad han än lovade, så hjälpte det inte det minsta.","translation":"But whatever he promised, it didn't help in the least.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lovade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lovade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lovade","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"lovade","lemma":"lova","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpte","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hjälpte","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hjälpte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hjälpte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of minsta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"minsta","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"subject of hjälpte","gloss":"least"}]},{"number":141,"label":"44","id":"ch01-p44-s1","source":"Med ens kom han ihåg, att han hade hört mor säga, att småfolket brukade bo i kostallet, och han beslöt genast att gå dit och se om han kunde finna tomten.","translation":"All at once he remembered having heard mother say that the little folk usually lived in the cow shed, and he decided at once to go there and see whether he could find the tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"småfolket","title":"«småfolket»","body":"A folkloric umbrella term, 'the little folk' — the hidden, small beings (tomtar and their kin) believed to live around a farm, especially in the cow shed and barn."}],"words":[{"surface":"Med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ens","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ens","lemma":"ens","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"at once","note":"Used in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hört","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies hört","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brukade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"småfolket","lemma":"småfolken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"the little folk"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of kom","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of brukade","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kostallet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"kostallet","lemma":"kostall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bo","gloss":"cow shed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beslöt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"beslöt","lemma":"beslöt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beslöt","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on beslöt","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gå","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finna","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"ch01-p44-s2","source":"Det var en lycka, att stugdörren stod på glänt, för han skulle inte ha kunnat nå upp till låset och öppna den, men nu slapp han igenom utan hinder.","translation":"It was lucky that the cottage door stood ajar, for he wouldn't have been able to reach the latch and open it, but now he slipped through without any trouble.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lycka","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lycka","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lycka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lycka","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lucky"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"stugdörren","lemma":"stugdörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the cottage door"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on lycka","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glänt","gloss":"ajar"},{"surface":"glänt","lemma":"glänt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"ajar","note":"used in the fixed phrase 'på glänt' (ajar)."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of nå","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of nå","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of nå","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"nå","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nå","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking låset","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"låset","lemma":"lås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nå","gloss":"lock"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"öppna","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with nå","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slapp","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"slapp","lemma":"slapp","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"got through"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slapp","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"igenom","lemma":"igenom","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on slapp","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hinder","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"hinder","lemma":"hinder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of slapp","gloss":"trouble"}]},{"number":143,"label":"45","id":"ch01-p45-s1","source":"Då han kom ut i förstun, såg han sig om efter sina träskor, för inne i rummet hade han förstås gått i strumpsockorna.","translation":"When he came out into the entryway, he looked around for his clogs, for indoors he had of course been walking in his stocking feet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förstun","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"förstun","lemma":"förstu","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"the entryway"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"saw","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked')."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking såg","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träskor","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of träskor","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"träskor","lemma":"träska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"clogs"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inne","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"indoors"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rummet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rummet","lemma":"rumm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"room","note":"Older double-m spelling of modern rum."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been walking"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strumpsockorna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"strumpsockorna","lemma":"strumpsockorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"his stockinged feet"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"ch01-p45-s2","source":"Han undrade hur han skulle reda sig med de stora, klumpiga träskorna, men i detsamma såg han ett par små skor stå på tröskeln.","translation":"He wondered how he'd manage with the big, clumsy clogs, but just then he saw a pair of small shoes standing on the threshold.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulle","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skulle","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on undrade","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on skulle","gloss":"manage","note":"Reflexive 'reda sig' = manage, get by."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skulle","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träskorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stora","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies träskorna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"klumpiga","lemma":"klumpig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"clumsy"},{"surface":"träskorna","lemma":"träska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skulle","gloss":"clogs"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detsamma","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"densamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with undrade","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skor","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skor","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"skor","lemma":"sko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"shoes"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tröskeln","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tröskeln","lemma":"tröskel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stå","gloss":"threshold"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"ch01-p45-s3","source":"När han märkte, att tomten hade varit så omtänksam, att han också hade förvandlat träskorna, blev han ännu mer ängslig.","translation":"When he realized that the tomte had been so thoughtful as to transform the clogs too, he grew even more anxious.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of omtänksam","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of omtänksam","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of omtänksam","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to omtänksam","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omtänksam","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"omtänksam","lemma":"omtänksam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"thoughtful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förvandlat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förvandlat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förvandlat","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förvandlat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"förvandlat","lemma":"förvandla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with omtänksam","gloss":"transformed"},{"surface":"träskorna","lemma":"träska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of förvandlat","gloss":"clogs"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ängslig","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ängslig","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"anxious"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch01-p45-s4","source":"Det tycktes, som om det vore meningen, att den här bedrövelsen skulle räcka länge.","translation":"It seemed as though this misery was meant to last a long time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of meningen","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of meningen","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with meningen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to meningen","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"meningen","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tycktes","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of räcka","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of räcka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bedrövelsen","lemma":"bedrövelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räcka","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of räcka","gloss":"was meant to"},{"surface":"räcka","lemma":"räcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying meningen","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies räcka","gloss":"a long time"}]},{"number":147,"label":"46","id":"ch01-p46-s1","source":"På den gamla ekbrädan, som låg framför förstudörren, hoppade en gråsparv.","translation":"On the old oak plank lying in front of the entryway door, a house sparrow was hopping about.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ekbrädan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ekbrädan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ekbrädan","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ekbrädan","lemma":"ekbräda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"the oak plank"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ekbrädan","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förstudörren","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"förstudörren","lemma":"förstudörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"front door"},{"surface":"hoppade","lemma":"hoppa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gråsparv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gråsparv","lemma":"gråsparv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hoppade","gloss":"house sparrow"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"ch01-p46-s2","source":"Han hade inte väl fått ögonen på pojken, förrän han ropade: »Tititt! Tititt! Se på Nils gåsapåg! Se på Tummetott! Se på Nils Holgersson Tummetott!»","translation":"No sooner had he set eyes on the boy than he cried out, \"Tee-hee! Tee-hee! Look at Nils the goose boy! Look at Thumbietot! Look at Nils Holgersson Thumbietot!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tummetott","title":"«Tummetott» — the boy's new name","body":"«Tummetott» ('Thumbietot' in the classic English translation) is the mocking nickname the birds give the shrunken boy — Sweden's answer to Tom Thumb. We also finally learn the boy's real name here: Nils Holgersson."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"no sooner"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Tititt","lemma":"Tititt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tee-hee"},{"surface":"Tititt","lemma":"tititt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Tititt","gloss":"tee-hee"},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsapåg","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of gåsapåg","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"gåsapåg","lemma":"gåsapåg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Se","gloss":"goose boy","note":"Dialectal compound, 'goose boy' (the boy who herds/rides geese), used as Nils's nickname."},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tummetott","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of Se","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname once shrunk; kept as the studio translation's name."},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tummetott","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Tummetott","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"Holgersson","lemma":"Holgersson","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Nils","gloss":"Holgersson"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of Se","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."}]},{"number":149,"label":"47","id":"ch01-p47-s1","source":"Genast vände både gässen och hönsen sina blickar mot pojken, och det blev ett förfärligt kacklande.","translation":"At once both the geese and the hens turned their eyes toward the boy, and there arose a terrible cackling.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Genast","lemma":"Genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hönsen","lemma":"hönse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gässen","gloss":"hens","note":"lemma is the defined plural form 'hönsen' (the hens)."},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of blickar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"blickar","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"glances/eyes","note":"Every example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blickar","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kacklande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kacklande","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"kacklande","lemma":"kacklande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"cackling","note":"mistagged as an adjective; used here as the noun 'a cackling'."}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"ch01-p47-s2","source":"»Kukeliku,» gol tuppen, »det var rätt åt honom.","translation":"\"Cock-a-doodle-doo,\" crowed the rooster, \"it serves him right.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kukeliku","lemma":"Kukeliku","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"cock-a-doodle-doo","note":"Rooster's crow, an interjection."},{"surface":"gol","lemma":"gol","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Kukeliku","gloss":"crowed"},{"surface":"tuppen","lemma":"tupp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Kukeliku","gloss":"rooster"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rätt","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch01-p47-s3","source":"Kukeliku, han har ryckt mig i kammen.»","translation":"Cock-a-doodle-doo, he's pulled my comb.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kukeliku","lemma":"Kukeliku","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cock-a-doodle-doo","note":"Rooster's crow, an interjection."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ryckt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ryckt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ryckt","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to Kukeliku","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ryckt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kammen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"kammen","lemma":"kamm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ryckt","gloss":"my comb"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch01-p47-s4","source":"— »Ka, ka, ka, det var rätt åt honom,» ropade hönorna, och härmed höllo de på i oändlighet.","translation":"\"Cluck, cluck, cluck, it serves him right,\" cried the hens, and they kept this up endlessly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ka","lemma":"Ka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cluck","note":"Hen's clucking sound, an interjection; mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"ka","lemma":"ka","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Ka","gloss":"cluck"},{"surface":"ka","lemma":"ka","morphology":"interjection","role":"coordinated with Ka","gloss":"cluck","note":"an onomatopoeic hen sound, not the modern casual interjection 'ka'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to Ka","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Ka","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"hönorna","lemma":"hönorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"the hens"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"härmed","lemma":"härmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höllo","gloss":"with this","note":"Narrative connective ('Härmed lyfte hon vingarna' = 'With this she lifted her wings'); 'hereby' is too formal/legalistic a register for this usage."},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Ka","gloss":"kept up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of höllo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höllo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oändlighet","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"oändlighet","lemma":"oändlighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"endlessly"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"ch01-p47-s5","source":"Gässen foro ihop i en tät klunga, stucko huvudena tillsammans och frågade: »Vem kan ha gjort det?","translation":"The geese crowded together into a tight cluster, stuck their heads together, and asked, \"Who could have done this?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"ihop","lemma":"ihop","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klunga","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klunga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tät","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies klunga","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"klunga","lemma":"klunga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"cluster"},{"surface":"stucko","lemma":"stucko","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies huvudena","gloss":"stuck","note":"Tagged as an adverb but is 'stucko', past tense plural of 'sticka', stuck out."},{"surface":"huvudena","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"tillsammans","lemma":"tillsammans","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies huvudena","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with huvudena","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"ch01-p47-s6","source":"Vem kan ha gjort det?»","translation":"Who could have done this?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":155,"label":"48","id":"ch01-p48-s1","source":"Men det märkvärdigaste härvid var, att pojken förstod vad de sade.","translation":"But the strangest thing about all this was that the boy understood what they said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of märkvärdigaste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"märkvärdigaste","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"most remarkable"},{"surface":"härvid","lemma":"härvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigaste","gloss":"at this","note":"means 'in connection with this' or 'at this point'."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies märkvärdigaste","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förstod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of märkvärdigaste","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch01-p48-s2","source":"Han var så förvånad, att han blev stående stilla på trappsteget och lyssnade.","translation":"He was so astonished that he stood stock-still on the doorstep, listening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förvånad","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förvånad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förvånad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förvånad","lemma":"förvånad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förvånad","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"stående","lemma":"stående","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trappsteget","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"trappsteget","lemma":"trappsteg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stilla","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyssnade","lemma":"lyssnad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stilla","gloss":"listened","note":"Past tense of lyssna (\"to listen\"), not an adjective."}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"ch01-p48-s3","source":"»Det måtte komma sig därav, att jag är förvandlad till tomte,» sade han.","translation":"\"It must come from my having been turned into a tomte,\" he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"därav","lemma":"därav","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förvandlad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förvandlad","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förvandlad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"förvandlad","lemma":"förvandla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on komma","gloss":"transformed","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomte","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tomte","lemma":"tomte","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förvandlad","gloss":"tomte","note":"A tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with förvandlad","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"ch01-p48-s4","source":"»Det är nog därför, som jag förstår fåglalåt.»","translation":"\"That's surely why I understand bird speech.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with därför","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to därför","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies därför","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of förstår","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstår","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"förstår","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on därför","gloss":"understand(s)"},{"surface":"fåglalåt","lemma":"fåglalåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of förstår","gloss":"bird speech","note":"Dialectal compound meaning birdsong or the speech of birds."}]},{"number":159,"label":"49","id":"ch01-p49-s1","source":"Han tyckte, att det var odrägligt, att hönsen inte ville sluta upp att säga, att det var rätt åt honom.","translation":"He thought it unbearable that the hens wouldn't stop saying it served him right.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of odrägligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with odrägligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to odrägligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"odrägligt","lemma":"odräglig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"unbearable"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sluta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hönsen","lemma":"höns","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sluta","gloss":"the hens"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sluta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sluta","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"sluta","lemma":"sluta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on odrägligt","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sluta","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sluta","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rätt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on odrägligt","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rätt","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch01-p49-s2","source":"Han kastade en sten mot dem och ropade: »Tig med er, ert pack!»","translation":"He threw a stone at them and shouted, \"Shut up, you rabble!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kastade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of kastade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kastade","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Tig","lemma":"Tig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"be quiet"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of Tig","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ert","lemma":"ert","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of pack","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pack","lemma":"pack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"rabble"}]},{"number":161,"label":"50","id":"ch01-p50-s1","source":"Men han hade inte tänkt på att han inte mer var sådan, att hönsen behövde vara rädda för honom.","translation":"But he hadn't considered that he was no longer the sort the hens needed to be afraid of.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sådan","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sådan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sådan","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sådan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sådan","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sådan","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rädda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hönsen","lemma":"höns","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädda","gloss":"the hens"},{"surface":"behövde","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rädda","gloss":"needed to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to rädda","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"rädda","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sådan","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rädda","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"ch01-p50-s2","source":"Hela hönshopen rusade emot honom, ställde sig runt omkring honom och skrek: »Ka, ka, ka, det var rätt åt dig.","translation":"The whole flock of hens rushed at him, gathered around him, and shrieked, \"Cluck, cluck, cluck, it serves you right.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies hönshopen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"hönshopen","lemma":"hönshop","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rusade","gloss":"the flock of hens"},{"surface":"rusade","lemma":"rusa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rusade","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rusade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rusade","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställde","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ställde","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"Ka","lemma":"Ka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cluck"},{"surface":"ka","lemma":"ka","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Ka","gloss":"cluck"},{"surface":"ka","lemma":"ka","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies Ka","gloss":"cluck","note":"an onomatopoeic hen sound, not the modern casual interjection 'ka'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to Ka","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"ch01-p50-s3","source":"Ka, ka, ka, det var rätt åt dig.»","translation":"Cluck, cluck, cluck, it serves you right.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ka","lemma":"Ka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cluck","note":"Hen's clucking sound, an interjection; mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"ka","lemma":"ka","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies Ka","gloss":"cluck","note":"an onomatopoeic hen sound, not the modern casual interjection 'ka'."},{"surface":"ka","lemma":"ka","morphology":"interjection","role":"coordinated with Ka","gloss":"cluck","note":"an onomatopoeic hen sound, not the modern casual interjection 'ka'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to Ka","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":164,"label":"51","id":"ch01-p51-s1","source":"Pojken försökte komma undan dem, men hönsen sprungo efter och skreko, så att han höll på att mista hörseln.","translation":"The boy tried to get away from them, but the hens ran after him, shrieking so that he nearly lost his hearing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försökte","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försökte","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hönsen","lemma":"hönse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase men","gloss":"hens","note":"lemma is the defined plural form 'hönsen' (the hens)."},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ran","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo)."},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with efter","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of höll","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sprungo","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mista","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mista","lemma":"mista","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"to lose"},{"surface":"hörseln","lemma":"hörsel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of mista","gloss":"his hearing"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch01-p51-s2","source":"Han hade väl aldrig sluppit ifrån dem, om inte stugkatten hade kommit gående.","translation":"He would probably never have escaped them, if the house cat hadn't come strolling along.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sluppit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sluppit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sluppit","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sluppit","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"sluppit","lemma":"sluppi","morphology":"verb, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of sluppit","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"stugkatten","lemma":"stugkatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"the house cat"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sluppit","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"gående","lemma":"gåe","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle 'gående' of 'gå' (to walk), used adjectivally/adverbially; mistagged as a plain adjective lemma."}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"ch01-p51-s3","source":"Så snart hönsen sågo katten, tystnade de och låtsade inte tänka på annat än att krafsa i jorden efter mask.","translation":"As soon as the hens saw the cat, they fell silent and pretended to think of nothing but scratching in the dirt for worms.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hönsen","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"hönsen","lemma":"höns","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"the hens"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"tystnade","lemma":"tystna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sågo","gloss":"fell silent"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tystnade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"låtsade","lemma":"låtsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tystnade","gloss":"pretended"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låtsade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låtsade","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tänka","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of krafsa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"krafsa","lemma":"krafsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"complement of tystnade","gloss":"scratch"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies krafsa","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mask","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mask","lemma":"mask","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of krafsa","gloss":"worms"}]},{"number":167,"label":"52","id":"ch01-p52-s1","source":"Pojken sprang genast fram till katten.","translation":"The boy ran straight up to the cat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking katten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"cat"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch01-p52-s2","source":"»Kära du Misse,» sade han, »du känner väl till alla vrår och smyghål här på gården?","translation":"\"Dear Puss,\" he said, \"you must know every nook and hiding place on this farm?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Misse","title":"«Misse»","body":"A common Swedish pet name for a cat, roughly like calling one 'Puss' or 'Kitty' in English."}],"words":[{"surface":"Kära","lemma":"kära","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dear","note":"Archaic vocative imperative of kära, used as an endearment (\"dear ___\") when addressing someone."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kära","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Misse","lemma":"Misse","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of Kära","gloss":"Puss"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kära","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känner","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"känner","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to sade","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies känner","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vrår","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vrår","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vrår","lemma":"vrå","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of känner","gloss":"nooks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"smyghål","lemma":"smyghål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vrår","gloss":"hiding place"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smyghål","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of känner","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"ch01-p52-s3","source":"Du får vara snäll och tala om för mig var jag kan finna tomten.»","translation":"Please be kind and tell me where I can find the tomte.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of snäll","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of snäll","gloss":"please"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to snäll","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"snäll","lemma":"snäll","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with snäll","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tala","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of snäll","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies finna","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finna","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finna","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on snäll","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":170,"label":"53","id":"ch01-p53-s1","source":"Katten svarade inte genast.","translation":"The cat didn't answer right away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"ch01-p53-s2","source":"Han satte sig ner, lade svansen prydligt i ring framför benen och stirrade på pojken.","translation":"He sat down, curled his tail neatly around in front of his paws, and stared at the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"curled","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"svansen","lemma":"svans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"tail"},{"surface":"prydligt","lemma":"prydlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade","gloss":"neatly"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ring","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ring","lemma":"ring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking benen","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"benen","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with benen","gloss":"stared","note":"Really the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies benen","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch01-p53-s3","source":"Det var en stor, svart katt med en vit fläck i bringan.","translation":"He was a big, black cat with a white patch on his chest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies katt","gloss":"black","note":"Surface 'svart' is the adjective svart (black); the lemma 'svar' (answer) is a backbone mistag."},{"surface":"katt","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fläck","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fläck","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fläck","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"fläck","lemma":"fläck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies katt","gloss":"spot"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bringan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bringan","lemma":"bringa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fläck","gloss":"chest"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"ch01-p53-s4","source":"Håret låg slätt och blänkte i solskenet.","translation":"His fur lay sleek and shone in the sunlight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Håret","lemma":"Hår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the fur"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"slätt","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of låg","gloss":"sleek"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blänkte","lemma":"blänkte","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with slätt","gloss":"gleamed","note":"Actually the past tense of blänka \"to gleam\", mislabeled as imperative."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solskenet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"solskenet","lemma":"solsken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies blänkte","gloss":"the sunshine"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"ch01-p53-s5","source":"Klorna voro indragna, och ögonen voro jämngråa med bara en liten, smal springa mittpå.","translation":"His claws were drawn in, and his eyes were an even gray with only a thin little slit down the middle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Klorna","lemma":"Klorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of springa","gloss":"the claws"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on indragna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"indragna","lemma":"indragen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Klorna","gloss":"drawn in"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Klorna","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Klorna","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"jämngråa","lemma":"jämngråa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Klorna","gloss":"even gray"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of springa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies springa","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of springa","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies springa","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"smal","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"springa","lemma":"springa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slit","note":"One cited example uses the homograph springa \"slit/crack\" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb \"to run\"."},{"surface":"mittpå","lemma":"mittpå","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of springa","gloss":"in the middle"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"ch01-p53-s6","source":"Katten såg genombeskedlig ut.","translation":"The cat looked thoroughly good-natured.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"genombeskedlig","lemma":"genombeskedlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"thoroughly good-natured"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on genombeskedlig","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":176,"label":"54","id":"ch01-p54-s1","source":"»Nog vet jag var tomten bor,» sade han med len röst, »men inte är det sagt, att jag vill tala om det för dig.»","translation":"\"I certainly know where the tomte lives,\" he said in a smooth voice, \"but it isn't said that I'm willing to tell you.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vet","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"vet","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vet","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"introduces the clause of bor","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of vet","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to vet","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking len","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"len","lemma":"len","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of röst","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sagt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sagt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sagt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"said","note":"Really the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tala","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tala","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sagt","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":177,"label":"55","id":"ch01-p55-s1","source":"»Kära Misse, du får lov att hjälpa mig,» sade pojken.","translation":"\"Dear Puss, you must help me,\" said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kära","lemma":"kära","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dear","note":"Archaic vocative imperative of kära, used as an endearment (\"dear ___\") when addressing someone."},{"surface":"Misse","lemma":"Misse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Kära","gloss":"Puss"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kära","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"lov","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of får","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hjälpa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on får","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kära","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"ch01-p55-s2","source":"»Ser du inte hur han har förtrollat mig?»","translation":"\"Can't you see how he has bewitched me?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ser","lemma":"Ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see","note":"Present tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Ser","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förtrollat","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förtrollat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förtrollat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"förtrollat","lemma":"förtrolla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of Ser","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förtrollat","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":179,"label":"56","id":"ch01-p56-s1","source":"Katten öppnade litet på ögonen, så att den gröna elakheten började lysa fram.","translation":"The cat opened his eyes a little, so that a green malice began to shine through.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of öppnade","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"öppnade","lemma":"öppna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"litet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies öppnade","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonen","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of öppnade","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of började","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of elakheten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies elakheten","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"elakheten","lemma":"elakhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"malice"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on öppnade","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"lysa","lemma":"lysa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to shine"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lysa","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"ch01-p56-s2","source":"Han spann och surrade av belåtenhet, innan han svarade.","translation":"He purred and buzzed with satisfaction before he answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of spann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"spann","lemma":"spann","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"purred"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"surrade","lemma":"surra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with spann","gloss":"buzzed"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking belåtenhet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"belåtenhet","lemma":"belåtenhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of surrade","gloss":"satisfaction"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svarade","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on spann","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"ch01-p56-s3","source":"»Ska jag kanske hjälpa dig, för det att du så ofta har ryckt mig i svansen?» sade han till sist.","translation":"\"Should I perhaps help you, seeing as how you've so often pulled my tail?\" he said at last.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjälpa","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjälpa","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hjälpa","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ryckt","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ryckt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ryckt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ryckt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ofta","lemma":"ofta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ryckt","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ryckt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ryckt","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpa","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ryckt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svansen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"svansen","lemma":"svans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ryckt","gloss":"tail"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"}]},{"number":182,"label":"57","id":"ch01-p57-s1","source":"Då blev pojken ond och glömde alldeles hur liten och maktlös han nu var.","translation":"Then the boy grew angry and completely forgot how small and powerless he now was.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ond","lemma":"ond","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"angry","note":"this is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glömde","lemma":"glömde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liten","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liten","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies han","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maktlös","lemma":"maktlös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"powerless"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"ch01-p57-s2","source":"»Jag kan allt rycka dig i svansen än en gång, jag,» sade han och sprang emot katten.","translation":"\"I can still pull your tail one more time, I can,\" he said, and ran at the cat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rycka","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rycka","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rycka","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"rycka","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pull/snatch"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rycka","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svansen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"svansen","lemma":"svans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rycka","gloss":"tail"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gång","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rycka","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rycka","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sprang","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sprang","gloss":"cat"}]},{"number":184,"label":"58","id":"ch01-p58-s1","source":"I nästa ögonblick var katten så förändrad, att pojken knappt kunde tro, att det var samma djur.","translation":"In the next instant the cat had changed so much that the boy could hardly believe it was the same animal.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögonblick","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of förändrad","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förändrad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förändrad","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förändrad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förändrad","lemma":"förändra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förändrad","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of djur","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of djur","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to djur","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of djur","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"animal"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"ch01-p58-s2","source":"Vartenda hår på hans kropp stod på ända.","translation":"Every single hair on his body stood on end.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vartenda","lemma":"vartenda","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hår","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"hår","lemma":"hår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kropp","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of kropp","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"kropp","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hår","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stod","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"on end"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"ch01-p58-s3","source":"Ryggen hade krökt sig, benen hade längt sig, klorna skrapade i marken, svansen hade blivit kort och tjock, öronen lade sig bakåt, munnen fräste, ögonen stodo vidöppna och lyste av röd eld.","translation":"His back had arched, his legs had lengthened, his claws scraped the ground, his tail had become short and thick, his ears lay back, his mouth hissed, and his eyes stood wide open, glowing with red fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of krökt","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of krökt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"krökt","lemma":"kröka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bends"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of krökt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"benen","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with krökt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"längt","lemma":"läng","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"lengthened"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"klorna","lemma":"klorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of skrapade","gloss":"the claws"},{"surface":"skrapade","lemma":"skrapa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with krökt","gloss":"scraped"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skrapade","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"svansen","lemma":"svans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"tail"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with krökt","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"kort","lemma":"kort","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tjock","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kort","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"öronen","lemma":"öron","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"lay","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"bakåt","lemma":"bakåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"munnen","lemma":"munn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"fräste","lemma":"fräste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies munnen","gloss":"hissed","note":"Actually the past tense of fräsa \"to hiss\", mislabeled as an adjective."},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with krökt","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with krökt","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"vidöppna","lemma":"vidöppna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of stodo","gloss":"wide open"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lyste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"shone","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eld","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"röd","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies eld","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of lyste","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":187,"label":"59","id":"ch01-p59-s1","source":"Pojken ville inte låta skrämma sig av en katt, utan tog än ett steg framåt.","translation":"The boy refused to let himself be frightened by a cat, and took yet another step forward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"skrämma","lemma":"skrämma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"to frighten"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skrämma","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking katt","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of katt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"katt","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrämma","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låta","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"quantifies steg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"ch01-p59-s2","source":"Men då gjorde katten ett språng, kom ner rätt på pojken, slog omkull honom och ställde sig över honom med framfötterna på hans bröst och gapet öppet över hans strupe.","translation":"But then the cat made a leap, came down right on top of the boy, knocked him over, and stood over him with his forepaws on his chest and his jaws open above his throat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of språng","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"språng","lemma":"språng","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjorde","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"on top of"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knocked over","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"omkull","lemma":"omkull","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"over","note":"Used with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking framfötterna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"framfötterna","lemma":"framfötterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"the front paws"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bröst","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of bröst","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bröst","lemma":"bröst","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gapet","lemma":"gap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bröst","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"öppet","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gapet","gloss":"open","note":"This is the neuter adjective form 'öppet' used predicatively/adverbially."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strupe","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of strupe","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"strupe","lemma":"strupe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"throat"}]},{"number":189,"label":"60","id":"ch01-p60-s1","source":"Pojken kände hur klorna trängde genom västen och skjortan in i skinnet och hur de vassa hörntänderna kittlade strupen.","translation":"The boy felt the claws pressing through his vest and shirt into his skin, and the sharp canine teeth tickling his throat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"käna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trängde","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"klorna","lemma":"kla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of trängde","gloss":"claws","note":"Modern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'."},{"surface":"trängde","lemma":"trängdema","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of kände","gloss":"pressed through"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking västen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"västen","lemma":"väst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of trängde","gloss":"waistcoat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skjortan","lemma":"skjorta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with västen","gloss":"the shirt"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trängde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skinnet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"skinnet","lemma":"skinn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kittlade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hörntänderna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vassa","lemma":"vass","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hörntänderna","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"hörntänderna","lemma":"hörntänd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kittlade","gloss":"fangs"},{"surface":"kittlade","lemma":"kittla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies strupen","gloss":"tickled"},{"surface":"strupen","lemma":"strup","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with trängde","gloss":"throat"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"ch01-p60-s2","source":"Han skrek på hjälp, allt vad han förmådde.","translation":"He screamed for help with all his might.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hjälp","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hjälp","lemma":"hjälp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrek","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vad","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förmådde","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förmådde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förmådde","lemma":"förmådde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skrek","gloss":"with all his might"}]},{"number":191,"label":"61","id":"ch01-p61-s1","source":"Men ingen kom, och han trodde förvisso, att hans sista stund var inne.","translation":"But no one came, and he was quite certain that his last moment had arrived.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"förvisso","lemma":"förvisso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of stund","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"had arrived"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"ch01-p61-s2","source":"Då kände han, att katten drog in klorna och släppte taget om strupen.","translation":"Then he felt the cat draw in its claws and release its hold on his throat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"käna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of drog","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of drog","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"drog","lemma":"drog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drog","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"klorna","lemma":"klorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of drog","gloss":"the claws"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"släppte","lemma":"släppte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with drog","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"taget","lemma":"tagen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on släppte","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strupen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"strupen","lemma":"strup","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of släppte","gloss":"throat"}]},{"number":193,"label":"62","id":"ch01-p62-s1","source":"»Så där,» sade han, »nu kan det vara nog.","translation":"\"There now,\" he said, \"that's enough.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Så","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nog","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nog","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nog","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to nog","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"enough"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"ch01-p62-s2","source":"Jag ska låta dig slippa undan den här gången för matmors skull.","translation":"I'll let you off this time, for the mistress's sake.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"slippa","lemma":"slippa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"be spared/avoid"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slippa","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gången","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"gången","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of slippa","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies slippa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"matmors","lemma":"matmor","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"the mistress's"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"ch01-p62-s3","source":"Jag ville bara, att du skulle veta vem av oss två det är, som nu har makten.»","translation":"I only wanted you to know which of the two of us has the power now.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ville","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ville","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of veta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of ville","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies vem","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies det","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to har","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"makten","lemma":"makt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":196,"label":"63","id":"ch01-p63-s1","source":"Därmed gick katten sin väg och såg lika slät och from ut som nyss, när han kom.","translation":"With that the cat went on his way, looking just as sleek and gentle as he had when he came.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därmed","lemma":"därmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"with that"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gick","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slät","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"slät","lemma":"slät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"from","lemma":"from","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with slät","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nyss","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nyss","lemma":"nyss","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gick","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":197,"label":"","id":"ch01-p63-s2","source":"Pojken var så skamsen, att han inte sade ett ord, utan bara skyndade till kostallet för att söka efter tomten.","translation":"The boy was so ashamed that he didn't say a word, but simply hurried off to the cow shed to search for the tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skamsen","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skamsen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skamsen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"skamsen","lemma":"skams","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ashamed","note":"Adjective 'skamsen' (ashamed); mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skamsen","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skyndade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skamsen","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kostallet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kostallet","lemma":"kostall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skyndade","gloss":"cow shed"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of söka","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of söka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying kostallet","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomten","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of söka","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":198,"label":"64","id":"ch01-p64-s1","source":"Där funnos inte fler än tre kor.","translation":"There were no more than three cows in there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there were","note":"this is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fler","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fler","lemma":"fler","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase fler","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies kor.","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"kor.","lemma":"kor.","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on funnos","gloss":"cows"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"ch01-p64-s2","source":"Men när pojken kom in, blev det ett bölande och ett oväsen, så att man gott kunde tro, att de voro åtminstone trettio.","translation":"But when the boy came in, there arose such a bellowing and commotion that one might easily have thought there were at least thirty of them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bölande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bölande","lemma":"bölande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"bellowing"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of oväsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"oväsen","lemma":"oväsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bölande","gloss":"commotion"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trettio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of trettio","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"åtminstone","lemma":"åtminstone","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trettio","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"trettio","lemma":"trettio","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on tro","gloss":"thirty"}]},{"number":200,"label":"65","id":"ch01-p65-s1","source":"»Mu, mu, mu,» råmade Majros.","translation":"\"Moo, moo, moo,\" lowed Majros.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mu","lemma":"Mu","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of råmade","gloss":"moo"},{"surface":"mu","lemma":"mu","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Mu","gloss":"moo"},{"surface":"mu","lemma":"mu","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Mu","gloss":"moo"},{"surface":"råmade","lemma":"råma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowed"},{"surface":"Majros","lemma":"Majros","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of råmade","gloss":"Majros","note":"Name of a cow."}]},{"number":201,"label":"","id":"ch01-p65-s2","source":"»Det är då gott, att det finns rättvisa till i världen.»","translation":"\"It's a good thing there's justice in the world after all.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gott","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gott","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"depends on gott","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"rättvisa","lemma":"rättvisa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"justice"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on finns","gloss":"in existence"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":202,"label":"66","id":"ch01-p66-s1","source":"»Mu, mu, mu,» stämde de upp alla tre.","translation":"\"Moo, moo, moo,\" all three struck up together.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mu","lemma":"Mu","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of »","gloss":"moo"},{"surface":"mu","lemma":"mu","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Mu","gloss":"moo"},{"surface":"mu","lemma":"mu","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Mu","gloss":"moo"},{"surface":"stämde","lemma":"stämde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to »","gloss":"struck up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stämde","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on de","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tre","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies stämde","gloss":"three"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"ch01-p66-s2","source":"Han kunde inte höra vad de sade, så skreko de över varandra.","translation":"He couldn't make out what they were saying, they bellowed so over one another.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies höra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of höra","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skreko","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skreko","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of skreko","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":204,"label":"67","id":"ch01-p67-s1","source":"Pojken ville fråga efter tomten, men han kunde inte göra sig hörd, därför att korna voro i fullt uppror.","translation":"The boy wanted to ask about the tomte, but he couldn't make himself heard, because the cows were in complete uproar.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fråga","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fråga","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"fråga","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tomten","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fråga","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with fråga","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hörd","lemma":"hörd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of göra","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"korna","lemma":"korna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the cows"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uppror","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fullt","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies uppror","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"uppror","lemma":"uppra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"uproar"}]},{"number":205,"label":"","id":"ch01-p67-s2","source":"De buro sig åt så, som de brukade, när han släppte en främmande hund in till dem.","translation":"They were behaving just as they usually did when he let a strange dog in among them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of buro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"buro","lemma":"buro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"wore","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'bära' (to wear/carry/bear), mislabeled as an adjective."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in that way"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase åt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of brukade","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"usually did","note":"Backbone tags this as an adjective, but the surface (brukade) is the past tense of bruka, 'to usually do'."},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of släppte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of släppte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"släppte","lemma":"släppte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on brukade","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"främmande","lemma":"främmande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies hund","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"hund","lemma":"hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of släppte","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on släppte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"ch01-p67-s3","source":"De sparkade med bakbenen, skakade i sina halslänkar, vände huvudena utåt och måttade med hornen.","translation":"They kicked with their hind legs, rattled their neck chains, turned their heads outward, and aimed with their horns.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sparkade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sparkade","lemma":"sparka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kicked"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bakbenen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bakbenen","lemma":"bakben","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sparkade","gloss":"hind legs"},{"surface":"skakade","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sparkade","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halslänkar","gloss":"rattle"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of halslänkar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"halslänkar","lemma":"halslänk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skakade","gloss":"neck chains"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sparkade","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"huvudena","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"utåt","lemma":"utåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies huvudena","gloss":"outward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"måttade","lemma":"måtta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with utåt","gloss":"aimed"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hornen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hornen","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"horns"}]},{"number":207,"label":"68","id":"ch01-p68-s1","source":"»Kom hit du bara,» sade Majros, »så ska du få dig en spark, som du inte ska glömma på länge!»","translation":"\"Just you come here,\" said Majros, \"and you'll get a kick you won't forget for a long time!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kom","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kom","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Majros","lemma":"Majros","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Majros","note":"Name of a cow."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of få","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of spark","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"spark","lemma":"spark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"kick"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of glömma","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glömma","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies glömma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glömma","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"glömma","lemma":"glömma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on spark","gloss":"to forget"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking länge","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glömma","gloss":"for a long time"}]},{"number":208,"label":"69","id":"ch01-p69-s1","source":"»Kom hit,» sade Gull-Lilja, »så ska du få dansa på mina horn!»","translation":"\"Come here,\" said Gull-Lilja, \"and you'll get to dance on my horns!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kom","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Gull-Lilja","lemma":"Gull-Lilja","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Gull-Lilja","note":"Proper name of a goat."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on dansa","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dansa","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dansa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of dansa","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"dansa","lemma":"dansa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to Kom","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horn","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"mina","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of horn","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mina\" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."},{"surface":"horn","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of dansa","gloss":"horns"}]},{"number":209,"label":"70","id":"ch01-p70-s1","source":"»Kom hit, så ska du få känna på hur det smakade, när du slängde på mig träskon, som du brukade göra i somras!» röt Stjärna.","translation":"\"Come here, and you'll get to feel what it was like when you threw your clog at me, the way you used to do last summer!\" bellowed Stjärna.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"depends on känna","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on känna","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of känna","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känna","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of känna","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on känna","gloss":"what it was like"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smakade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of smakade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"smakade","lemma":"smaka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of känna","gloss":"was like"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slängde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slängde","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"slängde","lemma":"slänga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on smakade","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träskon","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of träskon","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"träskon","lemma":"träskon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of slängde","gloss":"the clog","note":"This is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of brukade","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with känna","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of brukade","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on göra","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somras","lemma":"somras","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last summer"},{"surface":"röt","lemma":"röt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"roared","note":"Past tense of the verb 'ryta' (to roar/bellow), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"Stjärna","lemma":"Stjärna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Stjärna"}]},{"number":210,"label":"71","id":"ch01-p71-s1","source":"»Kom hit, så ska du få betalt för getingen, som du släppte in i örat på mig!» vrålade Gull-Lilja.","translation":"\"Come here, and you'll get paid back for the wasp you let loose in my ear!\" roared Gull-Lilja.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"depends on få","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"betalt","lemma":"betala","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of få","gloss":"paid","note":"Supine 'betalt' (paid), mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking getingen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"getingen","lemma":"geting","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"the wasp"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of släppte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of släppte","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"släppte","lemma":"släppa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on getingen","gloss":"let loose"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on släppte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking örat","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"örat","lemma":"öra","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of släppte","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of släppte","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vrålade","lemma":"vråla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to få","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"Gull-Lilja","lemma":"Gull-Lilja","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of vrålade","gloss":"Gull-Lilja","note":"Proper name of a goat."}]},{"number":211,"label":"72","id":"ch01-p72-s1","source":"Majros var den äldsta och klokaste av dem, och hon var allra ondast.","translation":"Majros was the oldest and wisest of them, and she was angriest of all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Majros","lemma":"majros","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of var","gloss":"Majros"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dem","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"äldsta","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies dem","gloss":"oldest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klokaste","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"coordinated with äldsta","gloss":"wisest"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ondast","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ondast","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ondast","gloss":"of all","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"ondast","lemma":"ondast","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"angriest"}]},{"number":212,"label":"","id":"ch01-p72-s2","source":"»Kom hit,» sade hon, »så att jag får ge dig betalt för alla de gånger, som du har ryckt mjölkpallen undan mor din, och för alla de krokben, som du har satt för henne, när hon har kommit bärande med mjölkspannen, och för alla de tårar, som hon har stått här och gråtit över dig!»","translation":"\"Come here,\" she said, \"so I can pay you back for every time you've pulled the milking stool out from under your mother, and for every time you've tripped her up when she came carrying the milk pail, and for all the tears she has stood here and wept over you!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kom","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"betalt","lemma":"betala","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of ge","gloss":"paid","note":"Supine 'betalt' (paid), mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gånger","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gånger","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of ryckt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ryckt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ryckt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ryckt","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on gånger","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"mjölkpallen","lemma":"mjölkpall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ryckt","gloss":"milking stool"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking mor","gloss":"out from under"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ryckt","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"din","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"depends on gånger","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking krokben","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of krokben","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of krokben","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"krokben","lemma":"krokben","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ge","gloss":"trips"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of satt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on krokben","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"bärande","lemma":"bärande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mjölkspannen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mjölkspannen","lemma":"mjölkspan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"milk pail"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tårar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of tårar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"tårar","lemma":"tåer","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kommit","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of stått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stått","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"stått","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on tårar","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stått","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gråtit","lemma":"gråta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with stått","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gråtit","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":213,"label":"73","id":"ch01-p73-s1","source":"Pojken ville säga dem, att han ångrade, att han hade varit stygg mot dem, och att han aldrig skulle bli annat än snäll, om de bara sade honom var tomten fanns.","translation":"The boy wanted to tell them that he was sorry for having been unkind to them, and that he would never be anything but kind from now on, if they would only tell him where the tomte was.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säga","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of säga","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ångrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ångrade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ångrade","lemma":"ångra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying dem","gloss":"regretted"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stygg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stygg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stygg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to stygg","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"stygg","lemma":"stygg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying dem","gloss":"unkind"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of stygg","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stygg","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of snäll","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"snäll","lemma":"snäll","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"sa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bli","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"clausal complement of säga","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"ch01-p73-s2","source":"Men korna lyssnade inte till honom.","translation":"But the cows did not listen to him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"korna","lemma":"ka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lyssnade","gloss":"the cows"},{"surface":"lyssnade","lemma":"lyssna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lyssnade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyssnade","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":215,"label":"","id":"ch01-p73-s3","source":"De bråkade så, att han blev rädd för att någon av dem skulle lyckas slita sig lös, och han tyckte, att det var bäst att smyga sig bort ur kostallet.","translation":"They carried on so that he grew afraid one of them might manage to tear herself loose, and he decided it was best to slip quietly out of the cow shed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bråkade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bråkade","lemma":"bråka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried on"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bråkade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bråkade","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lyckas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive lyckas","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lyckas","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"lyckas","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"succeed"},{"surface":"slita","lemma":"slita","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lyckas","gloss":"to tear"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slita","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"lös","lemma":"lös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of slita","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bäst","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bäst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of smyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"smyga","lemma":"smyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on bäst","gloss":"to sneak"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of smyga","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smyga","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kostallet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"kostallet","lemma":"kostall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of smyga","gloss":"cow shed"}]},{"number":216,"label":"74","id":"ch01-p74-s1","source":"Då han kom ut igen, var han rätt modlös.","translation":"When he came out again, he was quite discouraged.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on modlös","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to modlös","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of modlös","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies modlös","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"modlös","lemma":"modlös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"downhearted"}]},{"number":217,"label":"","id":"ch01-p74-s2","source":"Han kunde förstå, att ingen på gården ville hjälpa honom att finna tomten.","translation":"He could understand that no one on the farm was willing to help him find the tomte.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hjälpa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjälpa","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ingen","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjälpa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förstå","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpa","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"tomten","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"ch01-p74-s3","source":"Och litet skulle det väl också båta, om han funne honom.","translation":"And it would probably do little good even if he did find him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies båta","gloss":"little","note":"this type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of båta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of båta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies det","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies båta","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"båta","lemma":"båta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do any good"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funne","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of funne","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"funne","lemma":"funne","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on båta","gloss":"might find","note":"Funne is a past subjunctive form of finna."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of funne","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":219,"label":"75","id":"ch01-p75-s1","source":"Han kröp upp på den breda stengärdsgården, som gick runt omkring torpet och var övervuxen med törne och björnbärsrankor.","translation":"He crawled up onto the broad stone wall that ran around the cottage and was overgrown with thorn and blackberry vines.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kröp","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kröp","lemma":"kröp","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crept"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kröp","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stengärdsgården","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stengärdsgården","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"breda","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stengärdsgården","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"stengärdsgården","lemma":"stengärdsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kröp","gloss":"stone wall"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on stengärdsgården","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking torpet","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"torpet","lemma":"torp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"cottage","note":"small tenant farm/croft."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to övervuxen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"övervuxen","lemma":"övervuxen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"overgrown"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking törne","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"törne","lemma":"törne","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of övervuxen","gloss":"thorn"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"björnbärsrankor","lemma":"björnbärsrankor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with törne","gloss":"blackberry vines"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"ch01-p75-s2","source":"Där slog han sig ner för att tänka på hur det skulle gå, om han inte bleve människa igen.","translation":"There he settled down to think about what would happen if he did not become human again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"settled down","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on slog","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bleve","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bleve","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bleve","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bleve","lemma":"bleve","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on slog","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bleve","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies människa","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":221,"label":"","id":"ch01-p75-s3","source":"När nu far och mor komme hem ifrån kyrkan, skulle det väl bli ett undrande.","translation":"When father and mother came home from church now, there would surely be some wondering.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komme","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies När","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komme","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"komme","lemma":"komme","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"would come","note":"archaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma."},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komme","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komme","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of undrande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"undrande","lemma":"undrande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"wondering"}]},{"number":222,"label":"","id":"ch01-p75-s4","source":"Ja, ett undrande skulle det bli över hela landet, och folk skulle komma både från Östra Vemmenhög och från Torp och från Skurup; från hela Vemmenhögs härad skulle man komma för att titta på honom.","translation":"Yes, there would be wondering all over the countryside, and people would come both from Östra Vemmenhög and from Torp and from Skurup; from all of Vemmenhög district folk would come to gawk at him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on bli","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of undrande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"undrande","lemma":"undra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"wondering"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with bli","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vemmenhög","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Östra","lemma":"Östra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Vemmenhög","gloss":"Eastern"},{"surface":"Vemmenhög","lemma":"Vemmenhög","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"Vemmenhög"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Torp","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Torp","lemma":"Torp","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Vemmenhög","gloss":"Torp"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skurup","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Skurup","lemma":"Skurup","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Vemmenhög","gloss":"Skurup"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vemmenhögs","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Vemmenhögs","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Vemmenhögs","lemma":"Vemmenhögs","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"Vemmenhög's"},{"surface":"härad","lemma":"härad","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies Vemmenhögs","gloss":"district"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"folk"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to komma","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of titta","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of titta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on komma","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of titta","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"ch01-p75-s5","source":"Och kanske far och mor skulle ta honom med sig och visa honom på Kiviks marknad.","translation":"And perhaps father and mother would take him along and show him off at the Kivik market.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ta","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marknad","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Kiviks","lemma":"Kivik","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of marknad","gloss":"Kivik's"},{"surface":"marknad","lemma":"marknad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of visa","gloss":"market"}]},{"number":224,"label":"76","id":"ch01-p76-s1","source":"Nej, det var förskräckligt att tänka på.","translation":"No, it was dreadful to think about.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with förskräckligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förskräckligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förskräckligt","lemma":"förskräcklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on förskräckligt","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tänka","gloss":"about"}]},{"number":225,"label":"","id":"ch01-p76-s2","source":"Han ville helst, att aldrig mer någon människa skulle få se honom.","translation":"What he wanted most was that no human being should ever see him again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ville","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ville","gloss":"most","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ville","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":226,"label":"77","id":"ch01-p77-s1","source":"Det var förfärligt vad han var olycklig.","translation":"It was terrible how unhappy he was.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with förfärligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förfärligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of olycklig","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of olycklig","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to olycklig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"olycklig","lemma":"olycklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on förfärligt","gloss":"unhappy"}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"ch01-p77-s2","source":"Ingen i hela världen var så olycklig som han.","translation":"No one in the whole world was as unhappy as he.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of olycklig","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies världen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Ingen","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to olycklig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olycklig","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"olycklig","lemma":"olycklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of han","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on olycklig","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":228,"label":"","id":"ch01-p77-s3","source":"Han var inte en människa mer, utan ett vidunder.","translation":"He was no longer a human being, but a monster.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of människa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to människa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies människa","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vidunder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vidunder","lemma":"vidunder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with människa","gloss":"a monster"}]},{"number":229,"label":"78","id":"ch01-p78-s1","source":"Han började så småningom begripa vad det hade att betyda, att han inte mer var någon människa.","translation":"He began to gradually understand what it meant that he was no longer a human being.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"gradually"},{"surface":"småningom","lemma":"småningom","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"gradually","note":"Used in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of betyda","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of betyda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of betyda","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of betyda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"betyda","lemma":"betyda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"to mean"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to människa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to betyda","gloss":"human being"}]},{"number":230,"label":"","id":"ch01-p78-s2","source":"Han var skild från allting nu: inte kunde han leka med andra pojkar, inte kunde han överta torpet efter föräldrarna, och rakt inte kunde han få någon tös att gifta sig med.","translation":"He was cut off from everything now: he could not play with other boys, he could not take over the cottage from his parents, and he certainly could not get any girl to marry him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skild","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skild","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"skild","lemma":"skild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"separated"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking allting","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"allting","lemma":"allting","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skild","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skild","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies leka","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of leka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of leka","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"leka","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to skild","gloss":"to play"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojkar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies pojkar","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"pojkar","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of leka","gloss":"boys"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies överta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of överta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of överta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"överta","lemma":"överta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with leka","gloss":"take over"},{"surface":"torpet","lemma":"torp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of överta","gloss":"cottage","note":"small tenant farm/croft."},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking föräldrarna","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"föräldrarna","lemma":"förälder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of överta","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with leka","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tös","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"tös","lemma":"tös","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gifta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gifta","lemma":"gifta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gifta","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gifta","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":231,"label":"79","id":"ch01-p79-s1","source":"Han satt och såg på sitt hem.","translation":"He sat and looked at his home.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of hem","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":232,"label":"","id":"ch01-p79-s2","source":"Det var ett litet, vitmenat korsvirkeshus och låg som nertryckt i marken under det höga, branta halmtaket.","translation":"It was a small, whitewashed timber-framed house, seemingly pressed down into the ground beneath its tall, steep thatched roof.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"korsvirkeshus","title":"«korsvirkeshus»","body":"A half-timbered ('cross-timber') house — a traditional building style of southern Sweden and Denmark, with a visible timber frame and whitewashed panels in between."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of korsvirkeshus","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to korsvirkeshus","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of korsvirkeshus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies korsvirkeshus","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"vitmenat","lemma":"vitmena","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with litet","gloss":"whitewashed"},{"surface":"korsvirkeshus","lemma":"korsvirkeshus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"half-timbered house"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with korsvirkeshus","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nertryckt","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"nertryckt","lemma":"nertryck","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on låg","gloss":"pressed down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nertryckt","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halmtaket","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase under","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies halmtaket","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"branta","lemma":"brant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with höga","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"halmtaket","lemma":"halmtaket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of nertryckt","gloss":"the thatched roof"}]},{"number":233,"label":"","id":"ch01-p79-s3","source":"Uthusen voro också små, och åkerlapparna voro så smala, att en häst knappast kunde vända sig på dem.","translation":"The outbuildings were small too, and the little fields were so narrow that a horse could hardly turn around on them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uthusen","lemma":"Uthusen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smala","gloss":"the outbuildings"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Uthusen","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies små","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Uthusen","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"åkerlapparna","lemma":"åkerlapp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ,","gloss":"the little fields"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Uthusen","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smala","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vända","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of häst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"häst","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vända","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"knappast","lemma":"knappast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vända","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vända","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vända","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on smala","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vända","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of vända","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":234,"label":"","id":"ch01-p79-s4","source":"Men så litet och fattigt, som stället var, så var det nu alldeles för gott för honom.","translation":"But small and poor as the place was, it was now much too good for him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies litet","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"small","note":"this type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with litet","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on litet","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to så","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with honom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies honom","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies för","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies för","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to så","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":235,"label":"","id":"ch01-p79-s5","source":"Han kunde inte begära bättre bostad än en håla under stallgolvet.","translation":"He could ask for no better dwelling now than a hole under the stable floor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begära","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begära","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies begära","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"begära","lemma":"begära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ask for/demand"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies bostad","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"bostad","lemma":"bostad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of begära","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of håla","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of håla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"håla","lemma":"håla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on begära","gloss":"hole"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stallgolvet","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"stallgolvet","lemma":"stallgolv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of håla","gloss":"the stable floor"}]},{"number":236,"label":"80","id":"ch01-p80-s1","source":"Det var förunderligt vackert väder.","translation":"It was wonderfully beautiful weather.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of förunderligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förunderligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förunderligt","lemma":"förunderlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wonderfully"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förunderligt","gloss":"weather"}]},{"number":237,"label":"","id":"ch01-p80-s2","source":"Det porlade, och det knoppades, och det kvittrade runt omkring honom.","translation":"There was murmuring, and budding, and chirping all around him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of porlade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"porlade","lemma":"porla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"murmured"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive knoppades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"knoppades","lemma":"knoppades","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with porlade","gloss":"budded"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kvittrade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kvittrade","lemma":"kvittra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with porlade","gloss":"chirped"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kvittrade","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":238,"label":"","id":"ch01-p80-s3","source":"Men han satt i så tung sorg.","translation":"But he sat in such heavy grief.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on satt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tung","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"tung","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sorg","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"sorg","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"sorrow"}]},{"number":239,"label":"","id":"ch01-p80-s4","source":"Han skulle aldrig mer bli glad åt något.","translation":"He would never again be glad of anything.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":240,"label":"81","id":"ch01-p81-s1","source":"Han hade aldrig sett himmelen så blå som i dag.","translation":"He had never seen the sky so blue as today.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"himmelen","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blå","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"blå","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on sett","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":241,"label":"","id":"ch01-p81-s2","source":"Och flyttfåglar kom det farande.","translation":"And migrating birds came flying by.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flyttfåglar","lemma":"flyttfågl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"migratory birds"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of farande","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"farande","lemma":"farande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"flying/traveling"}]},{"number":242,"label":"","id":"ch01-p81-s3","source":"De kommo från utlandet och hade rest över Östersjön, styrande rätt mot Smygehuk, och nu voro de på väg norrut.","translation":"They came from abroad and had traveled across the Baltic Sea, heading straight for Smygehuk, and now they were on their way north.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"came","note":"Historical plural past tense of komma (\"to come\"), not an adjective."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking utlandet","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"utlandet","lemma":"utland","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"abroad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rest","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"rest","lemma":"rest","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östersjön","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"Östersjön","lemma":"Östersjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of rest","gloss":"the Baltic Sea"},{"surface":"styrande","lemma":"styra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"heading"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rest","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Smygehuk","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Smygehuk","lemma":"Smygehuk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"Smygehuk"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking de","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"northward"}]},{"number":243,"label":"","id":"ch01-p81-s4","source":"De voro visst av många olika slag, men han kände inte igen några andra än vildgässen, som kommo flygande i två långa rader, som möttes i en vinkel.","translation":"They were certainly of many different kinds, but he recognized none but the wild geese, which came flying in two long lines meeting at an angle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on visst","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slag","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slag","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"olika","lemma":"olik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slag","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"slag","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies visst","gloss":"kinds"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"käna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with visst","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kände","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vildgässen","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying andra","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on vildgässen","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"flygande","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rader","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies rader","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rader","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rader","lemma":"rad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of möttes","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"möttes","lemma":"möttes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on rader","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vinkel","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vinkel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vinkel","lemma":"vinkel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of möttes","gloss":"angle"}]},{"number":244,"label":"82","id":"ch01-p82-s1","source":"Flera vildgåsflockar hade redan farit förbi.","translation":"Several flocks of wild geese had already passed by.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vildgåsflockar","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"vildgåsflockar","lemma":"vildgåsflock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"wild-goose flocks"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on farit","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":245,"label":"","id":"ch01-p82-s2","source":"De flögo högt uppe, men han hörde ändå hur de skreko: »Nu bär det till fjälls.","translation":"They flew high up, but he could still hear them crying, \"Now off to the mountains.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skreko","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"cried out","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural)."},{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bär","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"bär","lemma":"bär","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bär","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjälls","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fjälls","lemma":"fjälls","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bär","gloss":"to the mountains","note":"Fixed idiom 'bär det till fjälls' = 'off to the mountains'."}]},{"number":246,"label":"","id":"ch01-p82-s3","source":"Nu bär det till fjälls.»","translation":"Now off to the mountains.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bär","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"bär","lemma":"bä","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"off","note":"lemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bär","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjälls","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fjälls","lemma":"fjälls","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bär","gloss":"to the mountains","note":"Fixed idiom 'bär det till fjälls' = 'off to the mountains'."}]},{"number":247,"label":"83","id":"ch01-p83-s1","source":"Då vildgässen sågo tamgässen, som gingo på gården, sänkte de sig mot jorden och ropade: »Kom med!","translation":"When the wild geese saw the tame geese walking about the yard, they swooped down toward the ground and called, \"Come with us!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"tamgässen","lemma":"tamgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"tame geese"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on tamgässen","gloss":"went","note":"Old plural past tense of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an infinitive."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"yard"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sänkte","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sänkte","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kom","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":248,"label":"","id":"ch01-p83-s2","source":"Kom med!","translation":"Come with us!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kom","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":249,"label":"","id":"ch01-p83-s3","source":"Nu bär det till fjälls.»","translation":"Now off to the mountains.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bär","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"bär","lemma":"bä","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"off","note":"lemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bär","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjälls","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fjälls","lemma":"fjälls","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bär","gloss":"to the mountains","note":"Fixed idiom 'bär det till fjälls' = 'off to the mountains'."}]},{"number":250,"label":"84","id":"ch01-p84-s1","source":"Tamgässen kunde inte låta bli att sträcka upp huvudena och lyssna.","translation":"The tame geese couldn't help stretching up their necks and listening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tamgässen","lemma":"Tamgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"the tame geese"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sträcka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sträcka","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"to stretch up","note":"ch05-p4-s3 ('Ingen den minsta sträcka land...') uses 'sträcka' as the noun (a strip/stretch of land, translated 'strip of land'), not the infinitive verb — a mistagged example under this verb key. The other three examples (stretch up necks / reach out a hand / fly back and forth) do belong to the verb and are covered by the listed senses."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträcka","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"huvudena","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of sträcka","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyssna","lemma":"lyssna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with huvudena","gloss":"to listen"}]},{"number":251,"label":"","id":"ch01-p84-s2","source":"Men de svarade helt förståndigt: »Vi har det bra, som vi har det.","translation":"But they answered quite sensibly, \"We're doing fine as we are.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förståndigt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"förståndigt","lemma":"förståndig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"sensibly"},{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies har","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on har","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":252,"label":"","id":"ch01-p84-s3","source":"Vi har det bra, som vi har det.»","translation":"We're doing fine as we are.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies har","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on har","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":253,"label":"85","id":"ch01-p85-s1","source":"Det var, som sagt, en ofantligt vacker dag med en luft, som det måtte ha varit en sann glädje att flyga i, så frisk och så lätt.","translation":"It was, as I said, an immensely beautiful day, with air that must have been a true joy to fly in, so fresh and so light.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sagt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ofantligt","lemma":"ofantlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vacker","gloss":"immensely"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luft","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of luft","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"luft","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sagt","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of glädje","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with glädje","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glädje","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of glädje","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to glädje","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of glädje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sann","lemma":"sann","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies glädje","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"glädje","lemma":"glädje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on luft","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on glädje","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on flyga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frisk","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"frisk","lemma":"frisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to sagt","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with frisk","gloss":"light","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."}]},{"number":254,"label":"","id":"ch01-p85-s2","source":"Och för varje ny vildgåsflock, som flög förbi, blevo tamgässen alltmer oroliga.","translation":"And with every new flock of wild geese that flew past, the tame geese grew more and more restless.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgåsflock","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vildgåsflock","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ny","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vildgåsflock","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"vildgåsflock","lemma":"vildgåsflock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of oroliga","gloss":"flock of wild geese"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flög","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vildgåsflock","gloss":"flew","note":"Actually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present."},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flög","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to oroliga","gloss":"grew","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli/varda."},{"surface":"tamgässen","lemma":"tamgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of oroliga","gloss":"tame geese"},{"surface":"alltmer","lemma":"alltmer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oroliga","gloss":"more and more"},{"surface":"oroliga","lemma":"orolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"uneasy"}]},{"number":255,"label":"","id":"ch01-p85-s3","source":"Ett par gånger flaxade de med vingarna, som om de skulle ha haft lust att följa med.","translation":"A couple of times they flapped their wings, as if they had a mind to go along.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flaxade","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"flaxade","lemma":"flaxa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flapped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flaxade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flaxade","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haft","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on flaxade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on haft","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking följa","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":256,"label":"","id":"ch01-p85-s4","source":"Men då sade alltid en gammal gåsamor: »Var nu inte galna!","translation":"But then an old goose-mother would always say, \"Now don't be foolish!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåsamor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gåsamor","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"gåsamor","lemma":"gåsamor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"goose-mother"},{"surface":"Var","lemma":"var","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of galna","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies galna","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies galna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"galna","lemma":"galn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foolish"}]},{"number":257,"label":"","id":"ch01-p85-s5","source":"De där får både hungra och frysa.»","translation":"Those ones get to go hungry and freeze.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on De","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"hungra","lemma":"hungra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with får","gloss":"to go hungry"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frysa","lemma":"frysa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with får","gloss":"freeze"}]},{"number":258,"label":"86","id":"ch01-p86-s1","source":"Det var en ung gåskarl, som vildgässens rop hade gett en riktig reslust.","translation":"There was a young gander who had been given a real urge to travel by the cries of the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gåskarl","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gåskarl","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarl","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ung","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gåskarl","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gett","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vildgässens","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of rop","gloss":"wild geese's","note":"surface 'vildgässens' is plural genitive (of the wild geese) despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gett","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gett","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on gåskarl","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of reslust","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riktig","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies reslust","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"reslust","lemma":"reslust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gett","gloss":"urge to travel"}]},{"number":259,"label":"","id":"ch01-p86-s2","source":"»Kommer det en flock till, så följer jag med,» sade han.","translation":"\"If one more flock comes, I'm going along,\" he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kommer","lemma":"Komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flock","gloss":"comes","note":"Base sense is 'comes', but ch01-p86-s2 example uses the idiom 'komma ihåg' (to remember), where the translation is 'do you remember', not 'comes'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of flock","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flock","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on följer","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on flock","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on följer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"följer","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följer","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to följer","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":260,"label":"87","id":"ch01-p87-s1","source":"Så kom en ny flock och skrek som de andra.","translation":"Then a new flock came along and cried out like the others.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flock","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ny","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flock","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of andra","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"complement of skrek","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":261,"label":"","id":"ch01-p87-s2","source":"Då svarade den unga gåskarlen: »Vänta!","translation":"Then the young gander answered, \"Wait!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"unga","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"Vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Wait!","note":"Parsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples."}]},{"number":262,"label":"","id":"ch01-p87-s3","source":"Vänta!","translation":"Wait!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Wait!","note":"Parsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples."}]},{"number":263,"label":"","id":"ch01-p87-s4","source":"Jag kommer.»","translation":"I'm coming.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":264,"label":"88","id":"ch01-p88-s1","source":"Han bredde ut vingarna och höjde sig i luften, men han var så ovan att flyga, att han föll ner till marken igen.","translation":"He spread his wings and rose into the air, but he was so unaccustomed to flying that he fell back down to the ground again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bredde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bredde","lemma":"breda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bredde","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höjde","lemma":"höjde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bredde","gloss":"rose","note":"almost always reflexive höjde sig, 'rose (into the air)'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjde","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ovan","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ovan","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ovan","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ovan","lemma":"ovan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bredde","gloss":"unaccustomed to","note":"Also occurs meaning 'unaccustomed' (ovan att flyga = unused to flying), a distinct sense from locative 'above'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ovan","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of föll","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bredde","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on föll","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of föll","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föll","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":265,"label":"89","id":"ch01-p89-s1","source":"Vildgässen måtte i alla fall ha hört hans rop.","translation":"The wild geese must have heard his cry all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vildgässen","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies Vildgässen","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of rop","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"cry"}]},{"number":266,"label":"","id":"ch01-p89-s2","source":"De vände om och flögo sakta tillbaka för att se om han skulle komma.","translation":"They turned around and flew slowly back to see whether he would come.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"sakta","lemma":"sakta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of flögo","gloss":"slowly","note":"sakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten)."},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sakta","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on flögo","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":267,"label":"90","id":"ch01-p90-s1","source":"»Vänta!","translation":"\"Wait!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Wait!","note":"Parsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples."}]},{"number":268,"label":"","id":"ch01-p90-s2","source":"Vänta!» ropade han och gjorde ett nytt försök.","translation":"Wait!\" he cried, and made a new attempt.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Wait!","note":"Parsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ropade","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of försök","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies försök","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"försök","lemma":"försök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"attempt"}]},{"number":269,"label":"91","id":"ch01-p91-s1","source":"Allt detta hörde pojken, där han låg på gärdsgården.","translation":"The boy heard all this, lying there on the stone wall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on pojken","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gärdsgården","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"gärdsgården","lemma":"gärdsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"fence"}]},{"number":270,"label":"","id":"ch01-p91-s2","source":"»Det vore bra stor skada,» tänkte han, »om den stora gåskarlen skulle fara sin väg.","translation":"\"That would be a great shame,\" he thought, \"if the big gander were to go away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skada","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to skada","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skada","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skada","lemma":"skada","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to skada","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tänkte","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fara","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":271,"label":"","id":"ch01-p91-s3","source":"Det skulle bli en sorg för far och mor, om han vore borta, när de kommer hem från kyrkan.»","translation":"It would be a sorrow for father and mother if he were gone when they come home from church.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sorg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sorg","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking far","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sorg","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vore","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vore","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vore","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"church"}]},{"number":272,"label":"92","id":"ch01-p92-s1","source":"Då han tänkte på detta, glömde han åter alldeles, att han var liten och vanmäktig.","translation":"As he thought about this, he again completely forgot that he was small and powerless.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of tänkte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on glömde","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"glömde","lemma":"glömde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glömde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies glömde","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glömde","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of liten","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of liten","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to liten","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of glömde","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vanmäktig","lemma":"vanmäktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"powerless"}]},{"number":273,"label":"","id":"ch01-p92-s2","source":"Han tog ett språng rätt ner i gåsflocken och slog armarna om halsen på gåskarlen.","translation":"He took a leap straight down into the flock of geese and threw his arms around the gander's neck.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of språng","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"språng","lemma":"språng","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsflocken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"gåsflocken","lemma":"gåsflock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"flock of geese"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"threw","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"armarna","lemma":"arem","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"his arms"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"the gander's"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies halsen","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":274,"label":"","id":"ch01-p92-s3","source":"»Du låter allt bli att flyga din väg, du,» ropade han.","translation":"\"You just leave off flying away, you,\" he cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låter","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"låter","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leave off"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of låter","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låter","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låter","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"din","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flyga","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låter","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to låter","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":275,"label":"93","id":"ch01-p93-s1","source":"Men just i detsamma hade gåskarlen kommit underfund med hur han skulle bära sig åt för att höja sig från marken.","translation":"But just at that moment the gander had figured out how to manage lifting himself off the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detsamma","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detsamma","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"densamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"underfund","lemma":"underfund","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"figured out","note":"only used in the fixed phrase 'komma underfund med' (to find out/figure out)."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bära","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bära","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bära","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bära","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"bära","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bära","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bära","gloss":"to manage"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of höja","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of höja","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"höja","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bära","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höja","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höja","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":276,"label":"","id":"ch01-p93-s2","source":"Han kunde inte hejda sig för att skaka av pojken, utan denne fick följa med upp i luften.","translation":"He couldn't stop himself to shake the boy off, so the boy was carried along up into the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hejda","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hejda","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hejda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hejda","lemma":"hejda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to stop"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hejda","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of skaka","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skaka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skaka","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hejda","gloss":"shake off"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skaka","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he","note":"Archaic masculine demonstrative \"denne\" used anaphorically for a previously named male person."},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"was carried"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hejda","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies följa","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":277,"label":"94","id":"ch01-p94-s1","source":"Det bar av mot höjden så fort, att pojken hisnade.","translation":"They shot upward so fast that the boy grew dizzy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"bara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shot","note":"Lemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höjden","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höjden","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"höjden","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bar","gloss":"height"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hisnade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hisnade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hisnade","lemma":"hisna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of bar","gloss":"grew dizzy"}]},{"number":278,"label":"","id":"ch01-p94-s2","source":"Innan han kom att tänka på att han borde släppa taget om gåskarlens hals, var han så högt uppe, att han skulle ha slagit ihjäl sig, om han hade fallit till marken.","translation":"Before it occurred to him that he ought to let go of the gander's neck, he was already so high up that he would have killed himself if he had fallen to the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of släppa","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of släppa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of släppa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of släppa","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"släppa","lemma":"släppa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"to let go of"},{"surface":"taget","lemma":"tagen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of släppa","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hals","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåskarlens","lemma":"gåskarlens","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of hals","gloss":"the gander's"},{"surface":"hals","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of släppa","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slagit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slagit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slagit","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of slagit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"slagit","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on slagit","gloss":"to death"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ihjäl","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fallit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fallit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fallit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tänka","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fallit","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":279,"label":"95","id":"ch01-p95-s1","source":"Det enda han kunde göra för att få det något bättre var att försöka komma upp på gåsryggen.","translation":"The only thing he could do to improve his situation was to try to climb up onto the goose's back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of enda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bättre","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"introduces the clause of försöka","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of försöka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"försöka","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försöka","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"goose's back"}]},{"number":280,"label":"","id":"ch01-p95-s2","source":"Och dit krånglade han sig också, fast inte utan stor möda.","translation":"And he did manage to work his way up there, though not without great effort.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies krånglade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"krånglade","lemma":"krångla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"worked his way"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of krånglade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of krånglade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies krånglade","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies krånglade","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fast","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking möda","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies möda","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"möda","lemma":"möda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of krånglade","gloss":"effort"}]},{"number":281,"label":"","id":"ch01-p95-s3","source":"Och inte var det en lätt sak heller att hålla sig kvar på den glatta ryggen mellan de två svängande vingarna.","translation":"Nor was it an easy thing to stay put on the slippery back between the two swinging wings.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sak","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sak","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sak","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sak","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sak","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"sak","lemma":"sak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sak","gloss":"to stay put"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ryggen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"glatta","lemma":"glatta","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ryggen","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vingarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies vingarna","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"svängande","lemma":"svängande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vingarna","gloss":"swinging"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."}]},{"number":282,"label":"","id":"ch01-p95-s4","source":"Han fick gripa djupt ner i fjäder och dun med båda händerna för att inte ramla i backen.","translation":"He had to grip deep into feathers and down with both hands so as not to tumble to the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gripa","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"gripa","lemma":"gripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"djupt","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gripa","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gripa","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjäder","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"fjäder","lemma":"fjäder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"feathers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dun","lemma":"dun","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with gripa","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking händerna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies händerna","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"händerna","lemma":"händerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gripa","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ramla","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ramla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ramla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ramla","lemma":"ramla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gripa","gloss":"to tumble"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking backen","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"backen","lemma":"backe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ramla","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":283,"label":"96","id":"ch01-p96-s1","source":"DET RUTIGA TYGSTYCKET.","translation":"THE CHECKERED CLOTH.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"DET","lemma":"ET","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"THE"},{"surface":"RUTIGA","lemma":"rutig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies TYGSTYCKET","gloss":"checkered"},{"surface":"TYGSTYCKET","lemma":"tYGSTYCKET","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the piece of cloth"}]},{"number":284,"label":"97","id":"ch01-p97-s1","source":"Pojken blev så huvudyr, att han inte visste till sig på en lång stund.","translation":"The boy grew so dizzy that he didn't know what was happening to him for a long while.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"huvudyr","lemma":"huvudyr","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"dizzy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of blev","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"happening to him"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of visste","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of visste","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":285,"label":"","id":"ch01-p97-s2","source":"Luften ven och väste emot honom, vingarna svingade, och det brusade i fjädrarna som en hel storm.","translation":"The air whined and hissed against him, the wings swung, and it roared in the feathers like a whole storm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ven","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"ven","lemma":"ven","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"howled/whined","note":"Past tense of the verb 'vina' (to howl, of wind), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väste","lemma":"väste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ven","gloss":"hissed","note":"this is the past tense of the verb väsa ('to hiss'), not an adjective."},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"coordinated with ven","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ven","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of svingade","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"svingade","lemma":"svinga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ven","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of brusade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"brusade","lemma":"brusa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ven","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjädrarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fjädrarna","lemma":"fjädr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of brusade","gloss":"feathers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of storm","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of storm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hel","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"storm","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying fjädrarna","gloss":"storm"}]},{"number":286,"label":"","id":"ch01-p97-s3","source":"Tretton gäss flögo omkring honom.","translation":"Thirteen geese flew around him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tretton","lemma":"Tretton","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gäss","gloss":"thirteen"},{"surface":"gäss","lemma":"gäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"geese"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":287,"label":"","id":"ch01-p97-s4","source":"Alla flaxade och kacklade.","translation":"All of them flapped and cackled.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"determiner of flaxade","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"flaxade","lemma":"flaxa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flapped"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kacklade","lemma":"kacklad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with flaxade","gloss":"cackled"}]},{"number":288,"label":"","id":"ch01-p97-s5","source":"Det dansade för hans ögon, och det susade för hans öron.","translation":"Everything danced before his eyes, and everything roared in his ears.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of dansade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dansade","lemma":"dansa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"danced"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögon","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ögon","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of dansade","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of susade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"susade","lemma":"susa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with dansade","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öron","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of öron","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"öron","lemma":"öron","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of susade","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":289,"label":"","id":"ch01-p97-s6","source":"Han visste inte om de flögo högt eller lågt, eller vart det bar av med dem.","translation":"He didn't know whether they flew high or low, or where they were headed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flögo","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on visste","gloss":"flew","note":"Archaic plural past tense of flyga \"to fly\"; mislabeled as present tense."},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"lågt","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with högt","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dem","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"bara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase vart","gloss":"were headed","note":"Lemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase vart","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of visste","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":290,"label":"98","id":"ch01-p98-s1","source":"Äntligen kom han så mycket till sans, att han förstod, att han borde taga reda på vart gässen förde honom.","translation":"At last he came enough to his senses to understand that he ought to find out where the geese were carrying him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Äntligen","lemma":"Äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sans","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"their senses"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förstod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of taga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of taga","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of taga","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"taga","lemma":"taga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"take","note":"Older spelling of 'ta' (to take)."},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on taga","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förde","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"var","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förde","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"förde","lemma":"förde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on taga","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förde","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":291,"label":"","id":"ch01-p98-s2","source":"Men detta var inte så lätt, för han visste inte hur han skulle få mod att se ner.","translation":"But this wasn't so easy, for he didn't know how he'd find the courage to look down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lätt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lätt","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of få","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":292,"label":"","id":"ch01-p98-s3","source":"Han var alldeles säker på att han skulle få svindel, om han försökte.","translation":"He was quite certain he would get dizzy if he tried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säker","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to säker","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säker","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"säker","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on säker","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"svindel","lemma":"svindel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"dizziness"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försökte","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"tried"}]},{"number":293,"label":"99","id":"ch01-p99-s1","source":"Vildgässen foro inte så särdeles högt, därför att den nykomna reskamraten inte kunde andas i den allra tunnaste luften.","translation":"The wild geese did not fly especially high, because their newly arrived travel companion couldn't breathe in the very thinnest air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of foro","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of särdeles","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdela","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"especially","note":"Old spelling of särdeles."},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of andas","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of reskamraten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nykomna","lemma":"nykomna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies reskamraten","gloss":"newly arrived"},{"surface":"reskamraten","lemma":"reskamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive andas","gloss":"traveling companion"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies andas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of andas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"andas","lemma":"anda","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on särdeles","gloss":"to breathe"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of luften","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tunnaste","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"tunnaste","lemma":"tunnaste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"thinnest"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of andas","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":294,"label":"","id":"ch01-p99-s2","source":"För hans skull flögo de också litet långsammare än vanligt.","translation":"For his sake they also flew a little more slowly than usual.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hans","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on hans","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"litet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsammare","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"långsammare","lemma":"långsamm","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"more slowly"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vanligt","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"vanligt","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on flögo","gloss":"usual"}]},{"number":295,"label":"100","id":"ch01-p100-s1","source":"Till sist tvang pojken sig ändå att kasta en blick åt jorden till.","translation":"At last the boy nonetheless forced himself to cast a glance down at the earth.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tvang","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tvang","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"tvang","lemma":"tvang","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sig","gloss":"forced","note":"Mistagged as a noun; this is tvang, the past tense of tvinga (\"to force\")."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of kasta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"kasta","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to throw"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of blick","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blick","lemma":"blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kasta","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blick","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kasta","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":296,"label":"","id":"ch01-p100-s2","source":"Då tyckte han, att under honom låg utbredd en stor duk, som var indelad i en otrolig massa små och stora rutor.","translation":"Then he thought that spread out beneath him lay a great cloth, divided into an incredible number of small and large squares.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"utbredd","lemma":"utbredd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on låg","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of duk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies duk","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"duk","lemma":"duk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of indelad","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to indelad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"indelad","lemma":"indela","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on låg","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking små","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of massa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"otrolig","lemma":"otrolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies massa","gloss":"incredible"},{"surface":"massa","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies små","gloss":"a mass of"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of indelad","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rutor","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"rutor","lemma":"rutor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with små","gloss":"squares"}]},{"number":297,"label":"101","id":"ch01-p101-s1","source":"»Vart i all världen är jag nu kommen?» undrade han.","translation":"\"Wherever in the world have I gotten to?\" he wondered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommen","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kommen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommen","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"komm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"arrived","note":"Past participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":298,"label":"102","id":"ch01-p102-s1","source":"Han såg ingenting annat än ruta vid ruta.","translation":"He saw nothing but square after square.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking ruta","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ruta","lemma":"ruta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"square","note":"'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruta","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ruta","lemma":"ruta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ruta","gloss":"square","note":"'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane."}]},{"number":299,"label":"","id":"ch01-p102-s2","source":"Somliga voro sneda och somliga långsmala, men överallt var det hörn och raka kanter.","translation":"Some were slanted and some long and narrow, but everywhere there were corners and straight edges.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Somliga","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"sneda","lemma":"sned","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Somliga","gloss":"slanting"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies långsmala","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"långsmala","lemma":"långsmal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with sneda","gloss":"long and narrow"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörn","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hörn","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hörn","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"hörn","lemma":"hörn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Somliga","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"raka","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kanter","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"kanter","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hörn","gloss":"edges"}]},{"number":300,"label":"","id":"ch01-p102-s3","source":"Ingenting var runt, och ingenting var krokigt.","translation":"Nothing was round, and nothing was crooked.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of krokigt","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to krokigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"krokigt","lemma":"krokig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"crooked"}]},{"number":301,"label":"103","id":"ch01-p103-s1","source":"»Vad är det för ett stort, rutigt stycke tyg, som jag ser ner på?» sade pojken för sig själv utan att vänta, att någon skulle svara.","translation":"\"What is this big, checkered piece of cloth I'm looking down at?\" said the boy to himself, without expecting anyone to answer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tyg","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tyg","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"rutigt","lemma":"rutig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"checkered"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with stort","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"tyg","lemma":"tyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Vad","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ser","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tyg","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ser","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ser","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vänta","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vänta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svara","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of svara","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"svara","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vänta","gloss":"to answer"}]},{"number":302,"label":"104","id":"ch01-p104-s1","source":"Men vildgässen, som flögo omkring honom, ropade genast: »Åkrar och ängar.","translation":"But the wild geese flying around him called out at once, \"Fields and meadows.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vildgässen","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Åkrar","lemma":"Åkre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ängar","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Åkrar","gloss":"meadows"}]},{"number":303,"label":"","id":"ch01-p104-s2","source":"Åkrar och ängar.»","translation":"Fields and meadows.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åkrar","lemma":"Åkrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ängar","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Åkrar","gloss":"meadows"}]},{"number":304,"label":"105","id":"ch01-p105-s1","source":"Då förstod han, att det stora, rutiga tygstycket var den platta skånska jorden, som han for fram över.","translation":"Then he understood that the great checkered cloth was the flat Scanian land he was passing over.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jorden","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stora","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies tygstycket","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"rutiga","lemma":"rutig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"checkered"},{"surface":"tygstycket","lemma":"tygstyck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of jorden","gloss":"the cloth"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to jorden","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of jorden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"platta","lemma":"platt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies jorden","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"skånska","lemma":"skånsk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies jorden","gloss":"Scanian"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies jorden","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase som","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase som","gloss":"was passing","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase som","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase som","gloss":"over"}]},{"number":305,"label":"","id":"ch01-p105-s2","source":"Och han började begripa varför den såg så mångfärgad och rutig ut.","translation":"And he began to understand why it looked so multi-colored and checkered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mångfärgad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mångfärgad","lemma":"mångfärgad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"multicolored"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rutig","lemma":"rutig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mångfärgad","gloss":"checkered"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":306,"label":"","id":"ch01-p105-s3","source":"De klargröna rutorna kände han först igen: det var rågåkrarna, som hade blivit sådda förra hösten och hade hållit sig gröna under snön.","translation":"The bright green squares he recognized first: those were the rye fields, which had been sown the previous autumn and had stayed green under the snow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of klargröna","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"klargröna","lemma":"klargröna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on kände","gloss":"bright green"},{"surface":"rutorna","lemma":"rutorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of klargröna","gloss":"the squares"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized","note":"Past tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rågåkrarna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rågåkrarna","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rågåkrarna","lemma":"rågåkrarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"parallel clause to kände","gloss":"the rye fields"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on rågåkrarna","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"sådda","lemma":"sådd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"sown"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies hösten","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"hösten","lemma":"höst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blivit","gloss":"autumn"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"stayed","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hållit","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of hållit","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking snön","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"snön","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hållit","gloss":"snow"}]},{"number":307,"label":"","id":"ch01-p105-s4","source":"De gulgråa rutorna voro stubbåkrar, där det förra sommaren hade vuxit säd, de brunaktiga voro gamla klövervallar, och de svarta voro tomma betland eller upplöjda trädesåkrar.","translation":"The yellow-gray squares were stubble fields, where grain had grown the previous summer; the brownish ones were old clover leys, and the black ones were empty pastureland or ploughed-up fallow fields.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rutorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gulgråa","lemma":"gulgrå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rutorna","gloss":"yellow-gray"},{"surface":"rutorna","lemma":"rutorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stubbåkrar","gloss":"the squares"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stubbåkrar","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"stubbåkrar","lemma":"stubbåker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stubble fields"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuxit","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sommaren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sommaren","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"sommaren","lemma":"sommar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vuxit","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vuxit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vuxit","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on stubbåkrar","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"säd","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vuxit","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of klövervallar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"brunaktiga","lemma":"brunaktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies klövervallar","gloss":"brownish"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with brunaktiga","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies klövervallar","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"klövervallar","lemma":"klövervall","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with säd","gloss":"clover meadows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of betland","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies betland","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies betland","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"tomma","lemma":"tom","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies betland","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"betland","lemma":"betland","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with säd","gloss":"beet fields"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"upplöjda","lemma":"upplöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies trädesåkrar","gloss":"ploughed-up"},{"surface":"trädesåkrar","lemma":"trädesåkr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with betland","gloss":"fallow fields"}]},{"number":308,"label":"","id":"ch01-p105-s5","source":"De rutorna, som voro bruna med gula kanter, voro säkert bokskogar, för i sådana stå de stora träden, som växa mitt i skogen, nakna om vintern, men småbokarna, som växa i skogsbrynet, behålla de torra, gulnade bladen ända till våren.","translation":"The squares that were brown with yellow edges must surely be beech woods, for in these the great trees growing in the depths of the forest stand bare in winter, while the young beeches growing at the wood's edge keep their dry, yellowed leaves all the way until spring.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rutorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"rutorna","lemma":"rutorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"the squares"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bruna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bruna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"bruna","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on rutorna","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kanter","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gula","lemma":"gul","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kanter","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"kanter","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies bruna","gloss":"edges"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"depends on bokskogar","gloss":"were","note":"Old plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative."},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bokskogar","gloss":"surely","note":"used adverbially, 'certainly/surely'."},{"surface":"bokskogar","lemma":"bokskog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bruna","gloss":"beech woods"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of träden","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies träden","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"träden","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of växa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"växa","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of stå","gloss":"to grow"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on växa","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of växa","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"nakna","lemma":"nakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with växa","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vintern","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vintern","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nakna","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"småbokarna","lemma":"småbok","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of behålla","gloss":"the young beeches"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of växa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"växa","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on småbokarna","gloss":"to grow"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsbrynet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogsbrynet","lemma":"skogsbryn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of växa","gloss":"edge of the forest"},{"surface":"behålla","lemma":"behålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with växa","gloss":"to keep"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of torra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"torra","lemma":"torr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies behålla","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"gulnade","lemma":"gulna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with torra","gloss":"yellowed"},{"surface":"bladen","lemma":"blad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gulnade","gloss":"leaves","note":"'Blad' means both tree leaves and paper sheets/pages."},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gulnade","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våren","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gulnade","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":309,"label":"","id":"ch01-p105-s6","source":"Det fanns också mörka rutor med grått i mitten: det var de stora, kringbyggda gårdarna med de svartnade halmtaken och de stensatta gårdsplanerna.","translation":"There were also dark squares with gray in the middle: these were the great farmsteads built around a courtyard, with their blackened thatched roofs and paved yards.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"mörka","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rutor","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"rutor","lemma":"rutor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"squares"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of grått","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"grått","lemma":"grått","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clause modifying rutor","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mitten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of grått","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stora","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stora","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"kringbyggda","lemma":"kringbyggd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"built around a courtyard"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of det","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halmtaken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of halmtaken","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"svartnade","lemma":"svartna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies halmtaken","gloss":"blackened"},{"surface":"halmtaken","lemma":"halmtak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"the thatched roofs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gårdsplanerna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stensatta","lemma":"stensatet","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdsplanerna","gloss":"paved"},{"surface":"gårdsplanerna","lemma":"gårdsplanerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with halmtaken","gloss":"farmyards"}]},{"number":310,"label":"","id":"ch01-p105-s7","source":"Och så fanns det rutor, som voro gröna i mitten och omgärdade med brunt: det var trädgårdarna, där gräsmattorna redan började grönska, fast buskarna och träden, som stodo omkring dem, ännu voro i nakna, bruna barken.","translation":"And then there were squares that were green in the middle and bordered with brown: these were the gardens, where the lawns had already begun to turn green, though the bushes and trees standing around them were still in their bare, brown bark.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"rutor","lemma":"rutor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"squares"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"in apposition to rutor","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gröna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies som","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mitten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gröna","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omgärdade","lemma":"omgärda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gröna","gloss":"bordered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brunt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"brunt","lemma":"brunt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on omgärdade","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of trädgårdarna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to trädgårdarna","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"trädgårdarna","lemma":"trädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"parallel clause to fanns","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"gräsmattorna","lemma":"gräsmattore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"lawns"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on trädgårdarna","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"grönska","lemma":"grönska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies började","gloss":"greenery"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trädgårdarna","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"buskarna","lemma":"busk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of trädgårdarna","gloss":"bushes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"träden","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with buskarna","gloss":"tree","note":"träd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means \"the trees.\""},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on trädgårdarna","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on trädgårdarna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nakna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nakna","lemma":"nakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies barken","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"bruna","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with nakna","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"barken","lemma":"bark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"bark"}]},{"number":311,"label":"106","id":"ch01-p106-s1","source":"Pojken kunde inte låta bli att skratta, när han såg hur rutigt allting var.","translation":"The boy couldn't help laughing when he saw how checkered everything was.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skratta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skratta","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skratta","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rutigt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"rutigt","lemma":"rutig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"checkered"},{"surface":"allting","lemma":"allting","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rutigt","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."}]},{"number":312,"label":"107","id":"ch01-p107-s1","source":"Men när vildgässen hörde, att han skrattade, ropade de liksom bestraffande: »Fruktbart och gott land.","translation":"But when the wild geese heard him laughing, they called out as if in reproach, \"Rich and good land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hörde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ropade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skrattade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrattade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bestraffande","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"bestraffande","lemma":"bestraffande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of ropade","gloss":"reproachfully"},{"surface":"Fruktbart","lemma":"fruktbart","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fertile"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Fruktbart","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":313,"label":"","id":"ch01-p107-s2","source":"Fruktbart och gott land.»","translation":"Rich and good land.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fruktbart","lemma":"fruktbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fertile"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Fruktbart","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Fruktbart","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":314,"label":"108","id":"ch01-p108-s1","source":"Pojken hade redan blivit allvarsam.","translation":"The boy had already turned serious.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blivit","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"allvarsam","lemma":"allvarsam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"serious"}]},{"number":315,"label":"","id":"ch01-p108-s2","source":"»Att du kan skratta, du, som har råkat ut för det allra förskräckligaste, som kan hända en människa,» tänkte han.","translation":"\"That you can laugh, you, who have suffered the very worst thing that can happen to a person,\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skratta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skratta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skratta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"skratta","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of »","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to skratta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of råkat","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of råkat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"råkat","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on du","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on råkat","gloss":"suffer"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förskräckligaste","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of förskräckligaste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förskräckligaste","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"förskräckligaste","lemma":"förskräcklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"oblique complement of råkat","gloss":"the very worst"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hända","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hända","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hända","lemma":"hända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on förskräckligaste","gloss":"to happen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hända","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to skratta","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":316,"label":"109","id":"ch01-p109-s1","source":"Han höll sig allvarsam en stund, men snart kom han till att skratta igen.","translation":"He kept himself serious for a while, but soon he found himself laughing again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"höll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höll","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"allvarsam","lemma":"allvarsam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of höll","gloss":"serious"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of höll","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with höll","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of skratta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skratta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skratta","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skratta","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":317,"label":"110","id":"ch01-p110-s1","source":"Allt eftersom han hade blivit van vid ritten och farten, så att han kunde tänka på annat än att hålla sig kvar på gåsryggen, började han att lägga märke till hur full luften var av fågelflockar, som flögo norrut.","translation":"As he grew used to the ride and the speed, so that he could think of something besides staying put on the goose's back, he began to notice how full the air was of flocks of birds flying north.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Allt","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ritten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ritten","lemma":"ritt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blivit","gloss":"the ride"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"farten","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ritten","gloss":"speed"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"to stay put"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"goose's back"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lägga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lägga","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to lay/put"},{"surface":"märke","lemma":"märke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lägga","gloss":"notice","note":"Both attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fågelflockar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies full","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fågelflockar","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fågelflockar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fågelflockar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fågelflockar","lemma":"fågelflocka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lägga","gloss":"flocks of birds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fågelflockar","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"northward"}]},{"number":318,"label":"","id":"ch01-p110-s2","source":"Och det var ett hojtande och ett ropande från flock till flock.","translation":"And there was shouting and calling from flock to flock.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hojtande","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hojtande","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hojtande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hojtande","lemma":"hojtande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ropande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ropande","lemma":"ropande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with hojtande","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flock","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ropande","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flock","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hojtande","gloss":"flock"}]},{"number":319,"label":"","id":"ch01-p110-s3","source":"»Jaså, ni har kommit över i dag,» skreko somliga.","translation":"\"So, you've crossed over today,\" some of them cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jaså","lemma":"Jaså","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"so","note":"Interjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on Jaså","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of somliga","gloss":"cried out","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural)."},{"surface":"somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with Jaså","gloss":"some"}]},{"number":320,"label":"","id":"ch01-p110-s4","source":"— »Ja, vi har så,» svarade gässen.","translation":"\"Yes, so we have,\" answered the geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on har","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to har","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."}]},{"number":321,"label":"","id":"ch01-p110-s5","source":"»Hur tror ni att det står till med våren?»","translation":"\"What do you think, how is spring coming along?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of står","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of står","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on står","gloss":"coming along"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våren","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of står","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":322,"label":"","id":"ch01-p110-s6","source":"— »Inte ett löv på träden och kallt vatten i sjöarna,» kom det till svar.","translation":"\"Not a leaf on the trees and cold water in the lakes,\" came the answer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies löv","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of löv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"löv","lemma":"löv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a leaf"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"träden","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of löv","gloss":"tree","note":"träd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means \"the trees.\""},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kallt","lemma":"kall","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies vatten","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with löv","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjöarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sjöarna","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies vatten","gloss":"lakes"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with löv","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"svar","lemma":"svar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"answer"}]},{"number":323,"label":"111","id":"ch01-p111-s1","source":"När gässen flögo fram över ett ställe, där det gick tamt fjäderfä ute, ropade de: »Vad heter gården?","translation":"When the geese flew over a place where tame poultry were out, they called, \"What's the farm called?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flögo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ropade","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"tamt","lemma":"tam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fjäderfä","gloss":"tame"},{"surface":"fjäderfä","lemma":"fjäderfä","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"poultry"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of heter","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of »","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":324,"label":"","id":"ch01-p111-s2","source":"Vad heter gården?»","translation":"What's the farm called?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of heter","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":325,"label":"","id":"ch01-p111-s3","source":"Då sträckte tuppen upp huvudet och svarade: »Gården heter Lillgärde i år som i fjol, i år som i fjol.»","translation":"Then the rooster stretched up his head and answered, \"The farm is called Lillgärde, this year as last, this year as last.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sträckte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sträckte","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"tuppen","lemma":"tupp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sträckte","gloss":"rooster"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträckte","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sträckte","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sträckte","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Gården","lemma":"Gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"the farm"},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Lillgärde","lemma":"Lillgärde","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of heter","gloss":"Lillgärde"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"this year"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of heter","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on heter","gloss":"last year"},{"surface":"fjol","lemma":"fjol","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last year","note":"Fixed idiom 'i fjol' = 'last year'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies heter","gloss":"this year"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on heter","gloss":"last year"},{"surface":"fjol","lemma":"fjol","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last year","note":"Fixed idiom 'i fjol' = 'last year'."}]},{"number":326,"label":"112","id":"ch01-p112-s1","source":"De flesta stugorna hade väl namn efter sina ägare, såsom det brukas i Skåne, men i stället för att svara, att detta var Per Matssons eller Ola Bossons, hittade tupparna på sådana namn, som de tyckte vara passande.","translation":"Most of the cottages probably had names after their owners, as is the custom in Skåne, but instead of answering that this was Per Matsson's or Ola Bosson's place, the roosters made up such names as they thought fitting.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stugorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"flesta","lemma":"mången","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural, superlative","role":"modifies stugorna","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"stugorna","lemma":"stugorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the cottages"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"namn","lemma":"namn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ägare","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of ägare","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ägare","lemma":"ägare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"owners"},{"surface":"såsom","lemma":"såsom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of brukas","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive brukas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"brukas","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"is customary"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of brukas","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of svara","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of svara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"svara","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"to answer"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hittade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hittade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Per","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Per","lemma":"Per","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on hittade","gloss":"Per","note":"Proper name (Per Ola, Sankte Per), mistagged as a preposition."},{"surface":"Matssons","lemma":"Matsson","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"part of the phrase Per","gloss":"Matsson's"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Ola","lemma":"Ola","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Matssons","gloss":"Ola"},{"surface":"Bossons","lemma":"Bosson","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"depends on Ola","gloss":"Bosson's"},{"surface":"hittade","lemma":"hitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of svara","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"tupparna","lemma":"tupparna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hittade","gloss":"the roosters"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking namn","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies namn","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"namn","lemma":"namn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hittade","gloss":"names"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on namn","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to passande","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"passande","lemma":"passande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"suitable"}]},{"number":327,"label":"","id":"ch01-p112-s2","source":"De, som bodde på fattiga torp och husmansställen, ropade: »Den här gården heter Grynlösa.»","translation":"Those who lived on poor crofts and cottars' holdings called out, \"This farm is called Grynlösa.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Grynlösa / Tuggelite","title":"Mock place-names","body":"The roosters invent joking names for the poorest farms: «Grynlösa» ('groatless', i.e. 'no porridge grain left') and, next sentence, «Tuggelite» ('chew-a-little') — folk humor about hardscrabble poverty."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"boda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on De","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking torp","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fattiga","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies torp","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"torp","lemma":"torp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"crofts"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"husmansställen","lemma":"husmansställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with torp","gloss":"cottars' holdings"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gården","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ropade","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Grynlösa","lemma":"Grynlösa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of heter","gloss":"Grynlösa"}]},{"number":328,"label":"","id":"ch01-p112-s3","source":"Och de, som hörde till de allra fattigaste, skreko: »Den här gården heter Tuggelite, Tuggelite, Tuggelite.»","translation":"And those who belonged to the very poorest cried, \"This farm is called Tuggelite, Tuggelite, Tuggelite.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fattigaste","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fattigaste","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fattigaste","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"fattigaste","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"poorest"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fattigaste","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gården","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to de","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Tuggelite","lemma":"Tuggelite","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies de","gloss":"Tuggelite"},{"surface":"Tuggelite","lemma":"Tuggelite","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"in apposition to de","gloss":"Tuggelite"},{"surface":"Tuggelite","lemma":"Tuggelite","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"Tuggelite"}]},{"number":329,"label":"113","id":"ch01-p113-s1","source":"De stora, välbärgade bondgårdarna fingo granna namn av tupparna, sådana som Lyckåker, Äggeberga och Penningby.","translation":"The big, well-off farms were given fine-sounding names by the roosters, such as Lyckåker, Äggeberga, and Penningby.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Lyckåker / Äggeberga / Penningby","title":"Mock-grand invented names","body":"More rooster humor, this time for the prosperous farms: these invented names read as 'Luck-field', 'Egg-borough', and 'Money-town' — boastful names to match a boastful bird."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bondgårdarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bondgårdarna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"välbärgade","lemma":"välbärga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"well-off"},{"surface":"bondgårdarna","lemma":"bondgårda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fingo","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"got","note":"Mistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få (\"got/were given\")."},{"surface":"granna","lemma":"grann","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies namn","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"namn","lemma":"namn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tupparna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"tupparna","lemma":"tupparna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies namn","gloss":"the roosters"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with namn","gloss":"such","note":"Colloquial/old plural of sådan ('such')."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Lyckåker","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Lyckåker","lemma":"Lyckåker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to namn","gloss":"Lyckåker"},{"surface":"Äggeberga","lemma":"Äggeberga","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Lyckåker","gloss":"Äggeberga"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Penningby","lemma":"Penningby","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Lyckåker","gloss":"Penningby"}]},{"number":330,"label":"114","id":"ch01-p114-s1","source":"Men tupparna på herrgårdarna voro för högfärdiga att hitta på något skämtsamt.","translation":"But the roosters at the manor houses were too proud to make up anything jesting.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"tupparna","lemma":"tupparna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the roosters"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking herrgårdarna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"herrgårdarna","lemma":"herrgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies tupparna","gloss":"manor houses"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies högfärdiga","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"högfärdiga","lemma":"högfärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hitta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hitta","lemma":"hitta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on högfärdiga","gloss":"make up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skämtsamt","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"skämtsamt","lemma":"skämtsam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hitta","gloss":"joking"}]},{"number":331,"label":"","id":"ch01-p114-s2","source":"En av dem gol och ropade med en kraft, som om han ville höras ända upp till solen: »Detta är Dybecks herrgård.","translation":"One of them crowed and called out with such force it seemed he wanted to be heard all the way up to the sun, \"This is Dybeck manor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies En","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"gol","lemma":"gol","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on En","gloss":"crowed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with En","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kraft","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kraft","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kraft","lemma":"kraft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive höras","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höras","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höras","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höras","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"höras","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on kraft","gloss":"to be heard"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies upp","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höras","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"solen","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höras","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of herrgård","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to herrgård","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Dybecks","lemma":"Dybeck","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of herrgård","gloss":"Dybeck's"},{"surface":"herrgård","lemma":"herrgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"manor house"}]},{"number":332,"label":"","id":"ch01-p114-s3","source":"I år som i fjol.","translation":"This year as last.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this year"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on I","gloss":"last year"},{"surface":"fjol","lemma":"fjol","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last year","note":"Fixed idiom 'i fjol' = 'last year'."}]},{"number":333,"label":"","id":"ch01-p114-s4","source":"I år som i fjol.»","translation":"This year as last.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this year"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial clause on I","gloss":"last year"},{"surface":"fjol","lemma":"fjol","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last year","note":"Fixed idiom 'i fjol' = 'last year'."}]},{"number":334,"label":"115","id":"ch01-p115-s1","source":"Och litet längre bort stod en, som ropade: »Detta är Svaneholm.","translation":"And a little farther off stood one that called out, \"This is Svaneholm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies längre","gloss":"a little","note":"this type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry."},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on en","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Svaneholm","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Svaneholm","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Svaneholm","lemma":"Svaneholm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Svaneholm"}]},{"number":335,"label":"","id":"ch01-p115-s2","source":"Det måtte väl hela världen ha reda på.»","translation":"Surely the whole world must know that.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of måtte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies världen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ha","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ha","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":336,"label":"116","id":"ch01-p116-s1","source":"Pojken märkte, att gässen inte flögo sin väg rakt fram.","translation":"The boy noticed that the geese did not fly their way in a straight line.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flögo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flögo","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":337,"label":"","id":"ch01-p116-s2","source":"De svävade hit och dit över hela Söderslätt, liksom voro de glada att vara i Skåne igen och ville hälsa på i varenda gård.","translation":"They drifted this way and that over all of Söderslätt, as if glad to be back in Skåne and wanting to pay a visit to every single farm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of svävade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"svävade","lemma":"sväva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hovered"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svävade","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Söderslätt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Söderslätt","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Söderslätt","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Söderslätt","lemma":"Söderslätt","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with svävade","gloss":"Söderslätt","note":"Plain in southern Skåne."},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of glada","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase liksom","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of glada","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on svävade","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on glada","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of vara","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with glada","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ville","gloss":"pay a visit","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"oblique complement of ville","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"varenda","lemma":"varenda","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of gård","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ville","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":338,"label":"117","id":"ch01-p117-s1","source":"De kommo till ett ställe, där det stod några stora, tunga byggnader med höga skorstenar och runt omkring dessa en mängd mindre hus.","translation":"They came to a place where there stood a few large, heavy buildings with tall chimneys, and around them a great many smaller houses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of byggnader","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase några","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"tunga","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies byggnader","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"byggnader","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"buildings"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skorstenar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skorstenar","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"skorstenar","lemma":"skorsten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies byggnader","gloss":"chimneys"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dessa","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dessa","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"mindre","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"smaller"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":339,"label":"","id":"ch01-p117-s2","source":"»Detta är Jordberga sockerbruk,» ropade tupparna.","translation":"\"This is Jordberga sugar mill,\" called the roosters.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sockerbruk","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sockerbruk","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Jordberga","lemma":"Jordberga","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"modifies sockerbruk","gloss":"Jordberga","note":"Estate name; appears in compound and possessive-like use."},{"surface":"sockerbruk","lemma":"sockerbruk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sugar mill"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to sockerbruk","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"tupparna","lemma":"tupparna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"the roosters"}]},{"number":340,"label":"","id":"ch01-p117-s3","source":"»Detta är Jordberga sockerbruk.»","translation":"\"This is Jordberga sugar mill.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sockerbruk","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sockerbruk","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Jordberga","lemma":"Jordberga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sockerbruk","gloss":"Jordberga"},{"surface":"sockerbruk","lemma":"sockerbruk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sugar mill"}]},{"number":341,"label":"118","id":"ch01-p118-s1","source":"Pojken ryckte till, där han satt på gåsryggen.","translation":"The boy gave a start where he sat on the goose's back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ryckte","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"ryckte","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tugged"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ryckte","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ryckte","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"goose's back"}]},{"number":342,"label":"","id":"ch01-p118-s2","source":"Han borde ju ha känt igen det här stället.","translation":"He surely ought to have recognized this place.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of känt","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies känt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of känt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"känt","lemma":"känd","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on känt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies känt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":343,"label":"","id":"ch01-p118-s3","source":"Det låg inte långt från hans hem, och här hade han förra året haft plats som vaktarpåg.","translation":"It wasn't far from his home, and the previous year he had worked here as a herd boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hem","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of hem","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies året","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaktarpåg","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vaktarpåg","lemma":"vaktarpåg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to plats","gloss":"herd boy"}]},{"number":344,"label":"","id":"ch01-p118-s4","source":"Men det var nog så, att ingenting var sig riktigt likt, när man såg det så där uppifrån.","translation":"But it seemed that nothing looked quite the same when seen from up there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with så","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to så","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"seemingly"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of likt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of likt","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to likt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies likt","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"likt","lemma":"likt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of så","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on likt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppifrån","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"uppifrån","lemma":"uppifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"from above"}]},{"number":345,"label":"119","id":"ch01-p119-s1","source":"Och tänk!","translation":"And just think!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tänk","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think!"}]},{"number":346,"label":"","id":"ch01-p119-s2","source":"Och tänk!","translation":"And just think!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tänk","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think!"}]},{"number":347,"label":"","id":"ch01-p119-s3","source":"Åsa gåsapiga och lille Mats, som voro hans kamrater i fjol!","translation":"Åsa the goose girl and little Mats, who had been his companions the year before!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"goose girl","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun \"goose girl\" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with gåsapiga","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Åsa","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Mats","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of kamrater","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"kamrater","lemma":"kamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of voro","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"last year"},{"surface":"fjol","lemma":"fjol","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last year","note":"Fixed idiom 'i fjol' = 'last year'."}]},{"number":348,"label":"","id":"ch01-p119-s4","source":"Pojken skulle allt ha velat veta om de gingo kvar här ännu.","translation":"The boy would have very much liked to know whether they were still working here.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of velat","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of velat","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies velat","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of velat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted","note":"lemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form."},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of velat","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gingo","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gingo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on veta","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gingo","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase kvar","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":349,"label":"","id":"ch01-p119-s5","source":"Vad skulle de ha sagt, om de hade anat, att han flög fram högt över deras huvuden?","translation":"What would they have said if they had guessed that he was flying high above their heads?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of anat","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of anat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of anat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"anat","lemma":"ana","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sagt","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flög","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of anat","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flög","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flög","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvuden","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of huvuden","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"huvuden","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"heads"}]},{"number":350,"label":"120","id":"ch01-p120-s1","source":"Så förlorade de Jordberga ur sikte och foro bortöver åt Svedala och Skabersjö och tillbaka över Börringekloster och Häckeberga.","translation":"Then they lost Jordberga from sight and flew onward toward Svedala and Skabersjö, and back over Börringekloster and Häckeberga.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förlorade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"förlorade","lemma":"förlora","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Jordberga","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"Jordberga","lemma":"Jordberga","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of förlorade","gloss":"Jordberga"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Svedala","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"sikte","lemma":"sikte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase ur","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with sikte","gloss":"went","note":"Old plural past tense of 'fara' (to go/travel), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"bortöver","lemma":"bortöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ur","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase ur","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Svedala","lemma":"Svedala","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of förlorade","gloss":"Svedala"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Skabersjö","lemma":"Skabersjö","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Svedala","gloss":"Skabersjö"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Börringekloster","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Börringekloster","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Börringekloster","lemma":"Börringekloster","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"coordinated with Svedala","gloss":"Börringe Abbey"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Häckeberga","lemma":"Häckeberga","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Börringekloster","gloss":"Häckeberga","note":"Manor/estate name."}]},{"number":351,"label":"","id":"ch01-p120-s2","source":"Pojken fick se mer av Skåne på den enda dagen, än vad han hade sett förut under alla de år, han hade levat.","translation":"The boy got to see more of Skåne in that one day than he had seen before in all the years he had lived.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"got to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of år","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of år","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to se","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"levat","lemma":"levat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"lived","note":"Mistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live')."}]},{"number":352,"label":"121","id":"ch01-p121-s1","source":"När vildgässen råkade på tamgäss, hade de allra roligast.","translation":"When the wild geese came upon tame geese, they had the most fun of all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of råkade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"came upon"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tamgäss","gloss":"encounter"},{"surface":"tamgäss","lemma":"tamgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of råkade","gloss":"tame geese"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roligast","gloss":"of all","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"roligast","lemma":"roligast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"the most fun"}]},{"number":353,"label":"","id":"ch01-p121-s2","source":"De flögo då fram helt sakta och ropade neråt: »Nu bär det till fjälls.","translation":"Then they flew along quite slowly and called down, \"Now off to the mountains.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flögo","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sakta","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"sakta","lemma":"sakta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"slowly","note":"Functions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bär","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"bär","lemma":"bär","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bär","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjälls","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fjälls","lemma":"fjälls","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bär","gloss":"to the mountains","note":"Fixed idiom 'bär det till fjälls' = 'off to the mountains'."}]},{"number":354,"label":"","id":"ch01-p121-s3","source":"Kommer ni med?","translation":"Are you coming along?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kommer","lemma":"Komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kommer","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kommer","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":355,"label":"","id":"ch01-p121-s4","source":"Kommer ni med?»","translation":"Are you coming along?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kommer","lemma":"Komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kommer","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kommer","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":356,"label":"122","id":"ch01-p122-s1","source":"Men tamgässen svarade: »Vintern är kvar i landet.","translation":"But the tame geese answered, \"Winter is still in the land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"tamgässen","lemma":"tamgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"tame geese"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Vintern","lemma":"vintern","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of är","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":357,"label":"","id":"ch01-p122-s2","source":"Ni är för tidigt ute.","translation":"You're too early.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tidigt","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"tidigt","lemma":"tidig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"early","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig."},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"outside"}]},{"number":358,"label":"","id":"ch01-p122-s3","source":"Far tillbaks!","translation":"Go back!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"tillbaks","lemma":"tillbaks","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Far","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":359,"label":"","id":"ch01-p122-s4","source":"Far tillbaks!»","translation":"Go back!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"tillbaks","lemma":"tillbaks","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Far","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":360,"label":"123","id":"ch01-p123-s1","source":"Vildgässen sänkte sig, för att de skulle höras bättre, och ropade: »Kom med, så ska vi lära er att flyga och simma!»","translation":"The wild geese dropped lower so they could be heard better, and called, \"Come with us, and we'll teach you to fly and to swim!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of höras","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive höras","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höras","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"höras","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"to be heard"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höras","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with höras","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"depends on lära","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on lära","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lära","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lära","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"lära","lemma":"lära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"teach"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of lära","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of lära","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"simma","lemma":"simma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with flyga","gloss":"swim"}]},{"number":361,"label":"124","id":"ch01-p124-s1","source":"Då blevo tamgässen förargade och svarade inte med ett enda kacklande.","translation":"Then the tame geese grew annoyed and did not answer with so much as a single cackle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"tamgässen","lemma":"tamgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"tame geese"},{"surface":"förargade","lemma":"förarga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying tamgässen","gloss":"annoyed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with förargade","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kacklande","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kacklande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kacklande","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"kacklande","lemma":"kacklande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"oblique complement of svarade","gloss":"cackling","note":"mistagged as an adjective; used here as the noun 'a cackling'."}]},{"number":362,"label":"125","id":"ch01-p125-s1","source":"Men vildgässen sänkte sig än mer, så att de nästan snuddade vid marken, och sedan höjde de sig så blixtsnabbt, som om de hade blivit förfärligt skrämda.","translation":"But the wild geese dropped even lower, so that they nearly grazed the ground, and then shot upward as fast as lightning, as if they had been badly frightened.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of snuddade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of snuddade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snuddade","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"snuddade","lemma":"snudda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of snuddade","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höjde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"höjde","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sänkte","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of höjde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blixtsnabbt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"blixtsnabbt","lemma":"blixtsnabb","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höjde","gloss":"like lightning"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on höjde","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrämda","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"skrämda","lemma":"skrämda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"frightened"}]},{"number":363,"label":"","id":"ch01-p125-s2","source":"»Oj, oj, oj!» ropade de.","translation":"\"Oh, oh, oh!\" they cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oj","lemma":"oj","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on ropade","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"oj","lemma":"oj","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Oj","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"oj","lemma":"oj","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Oj","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":364,"label":"","id":"ch01-p125-s3","source":"»Det var inga gäss.","translation":"\"Those weren't geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gäss","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gäss","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gäss","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"gäss","lemma":"gäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"geese"}]},{"number":365,"label":"","id":"ch01-p125-s4","source":"Det var bara får.","translation":"Those were only sheep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to får","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":366,"label":"","id":"ch01-p125-s5","source":"Det var bara får.»","translation":"Those were only sheep.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to får","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":367,"label":"126","id":"ch01-p126-s1","source":"De på marken blevo alldeles ursinniga och skreko: »Måtte ni bli skjutna, så många som ni ä’, så många som ni ä’!»","translation":"Those on the ground grew absolutely furious and screamed, \"May you all be shot, every one of you, every one of you!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ä’","title":"Dialectal contraction of «är»","body":"«ä’» is a clipped, dialectal form of «är» ('are/is') — the apostrophe marks the dropped -r, giving the sheep's outburst a rough, rustic voice distinct from the narrator's own literary Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of marken","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ursinniga","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ursinniga","lemma":"ursinnig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with ursinniga","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"Måtte","lemma":"Måtte","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of skjutna","gloss":"may","note":"Not a name; the optative modal 'måtte' expressing a wish (may/might)."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skjutna","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of skjutna","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"skjutna","lemma":"skjuten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on många","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of många","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of många","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ä","lemma":"ä","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"are","note":"Dialectal contraction of 'är' (is/are), used in direct speech."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"adverbial clause on många","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ä","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ä","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ä","lemma":"ä","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on många","gloss":"are","note":"Dialectal contraction of 'är' (is/are), used in direct speech."}]},{"number":368,"label":"127","id":"ch01-p127-s1","source":"När pojken hörde allt detta skämtande, skrattade han.","translation":"When the boy heard all this joking, he laughed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"skämtande","lemma":"skämtande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"joking"},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hörde","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrattade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":369,"label":"","id":"ch01-p127-s2","source":"Så kom han ihåg hur illa han hade det ställt för sig, och då grät han.","translation":"Then he remembered how badly off he was, and so he wept.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies illa","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"illa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ställt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ställt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ställt","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to kom","gloss":"put/placed"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of ställt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grät","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"grät","lemma":"grät","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"wept","note":"mistagged as a noun; it is the past tense of 'gråta' (to weep)."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of grät","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":370,"label":"","id":"ch01-p127-s3","source":"Men om en liten stund skrattade han på nytt.","translation":"But in a little while he was laughing again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skrattade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrattade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrattade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrattade","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":371,"label":"128","id":"ch01-p128-s1","source":"Aldrig förr hade han farit fram med så god fart, och att rida fort och vilt, det hade han alltid tyckt om.","translation":"Never before had he traveled at such a fine speed, and riding fast and wild was something he had always loved.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aldrig","lemma":"Aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fari","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on rida","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on farit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fart","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"speed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rida","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rida","lemma":"rida","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to ride"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rida","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vilt","lemma":"vilt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fort","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tyckt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckt","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"tyckt","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to rida","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tyckt","gloss":"loved"}]},{"number":372,"label":"","id":"ch01-p128-s2","source":"Och han hade förstås aldrig tänkt på att det kunde kännas så friskt, som det gjorde, uppe i luften, och att det steg upp från jorden en så god lukt av mylla och kåda.","translation":"And of course he had never imagined that it could feel so fresh, as it did, up in the air, and that such a good smell of earth and resin rose up from the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kännas","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kännas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kännas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kännas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"kännas","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies friskt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"friskt","lemma":"frisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kännas","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kännas","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kännas","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of steg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of steg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with tänkt","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of steg","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lukt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lukt","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"lukt","lemma":"lukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of steg","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mylla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mylla","lemma":"myll","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies lukt","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kåda","lemma":"kåda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with mylla","gloss":"resin"}]},{"number":373,"label":"","id":"ch01-p128-s3","source":"Och inte heller hade han tänkt på hur det kunde vara att färdas fram så där högt över jorden.","translation":"Nor had he ever thought about what it might be like to travel along so high above the earth.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vara","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tänkt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of färdas","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"färdas","lemma":"färda","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"depends on tänkt","gloss":"travel"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on färdas","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies färdas","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of högt","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":374,"label":"","id":"ch01-p128-s4","source":"Men det var liksom att flyga bort från bekymmer och sorger och förtretligheter av alla de slag, som tänkas kunde.","translation":"But it was rather like flying away from every worry and sorrow and vexation of every kind imaginable.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"rather like"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flyga","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bekymmer","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"bekymmer","lemma":"bekymmer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of flyga","gloss":"worries"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sorger","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bekymmer","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"förtretligheter","lemma":"förtretlighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bekymmer","gloss":"vexations"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slag","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of slag","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of slag","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"slag","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies förtretligheter","gloss":"kinds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive tänkas","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tänkas","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on slag","gloss":"imaginable"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"could"}]}]}