{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch04","title":{"source":"Glimmingehus","translated":"Glimmingehus"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch04","lines":196},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch03","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch05","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch04-p1-s1","source":"SVARTRÅTTOR OCH GRÅRÅTTOR.","translation":"BLACK RATS AND GRAY RATS.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"SVARTRÅTTOR","lemma":"SVARTRÅTTOR","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"BLACK RATS"},{"surface":"OCH","lemma":"OCH","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"AND"},{"surface":"GRÅRÅTTOR","lemma":"GRÅRÅTTOR","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"GRAY RATS"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"ch04-p2-s1","source":"I sydöstra Skåne inte långt från havet ligger en gammal borg, som kallas Glimmingehus.","translation":"In southeastern Skåne, not far from the sea, there lies an old castle called Glimmingehus.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Skåne","title":"«Skåne»","body":"Sweden's southernmost «landskap» (province), a flat farming region across the sound from Denmark — this book doubles as a geography lesson, and the whole chapter is set here."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sydöstra","lemma":"sydöstra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Skåne","gloss":"southeastern"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Skåne","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of borg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies borg","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"borg","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive kallas","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kallas","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on borg","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"complement of kallas","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s2","source":"Den består av ett enda högt, stort och starkt stenhus, som synes milsvitt över slätten.","translation":"It consists of a single tall, great, and strong stone house, which can be seen for miles across the plain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of består","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"består","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"consists of"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking högt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of högt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies stenhus","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with högt","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"starkt","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with högt","gloss":"strong","note":"Adverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'."},{"surface":"stenhus","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of består","gloss":"stone houses"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of synes","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"synes","lemma":"synes","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on stenhus","gloss":"can be seen"},{"surface":"milsvitt","lemma":"milsvitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of synes","gloss":"for miles"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies milsvitt","gloss":"plain"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s3","source":"Det är inte mer än fyra våningar högt, men det är så väldigt, att ett vanligt boningshus, som står på samma gård, tar sig ut som en liten barnlekstuga.","translation":"It is no more than four stories high, but it is so massive that an ordinary dwelling house standing on the same farm looks like a little child's playhouse beside it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of högt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to högt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fyra","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"fyra","lemma":"fyra","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies våningar","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"våningar","lemma":"våning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of högt","gloss":"stories"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of väldigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to väldigt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väldigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"väldigt","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with högt","gloss":"tremendous"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of boningshus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vanligt","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies boningshus","gloss":"usual"},{"surface":"boningshus","lemma":"boningshus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tar","gloss":"dwelling house"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of står","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on boningshus","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gård","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of står","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"tar","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on högt","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tar","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barnlekstuga","gloss":"like","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of barnlekstuga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies barnlekstuga","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"barnlekstuga","lemma":"barnlekstuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tar","gloss":"a child's playhouse"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"ch04-p3-s1","source":"Det stora stenhuset har så tjocka ytterväggar och mellanväggar och takvälvningar, att det i dess inre knappt finns plats för något annat än de tjocka murarna.","translation":"The great stone house has such thick outer walls, partition walls, and vaulted ceilings that inside there is scarcely room for anything but the thick walls themselves.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stenhuset","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stenhuset","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"stenhuset","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"stone house"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tjocka","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"tjocka","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ytterväggar","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ytterväggar","lemma":"yttervägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"outer walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mellanväggar","lemma":"mellanvägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ytterväggar","gloss":"partition walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"takvälvningar","lemma":"takvälvning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with mellanväggar","gloss":"vaulted ceilings"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inre","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dess","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of inre","gloss":"its","note":"ch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation."},{"surface":"inre","lemma":"inre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"clausal complement of har","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking annat","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of annat","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of murarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"tjocka","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies murarna","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"murarna","lemma":"murarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"the walls"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s2","source":"Trapporna äro trånga, förstugorna små och rummen fåtaliga.","translation":"The stairways are narrow, the entryways small, and the rooms few.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"äro","title":"Archaic plural: «äro»","body":"«äro» is the archaic plural present of «vara» ('to be') — modern Swedish uses «är» for every person and number. Lagerlöf's 1906 prose still keeps these older plural verb forms; they mark formal, literary register rather than spoken usage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Trapporna","lemma":"Trapporna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the stairways"},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies Trapporna","gloss":"are","note":"Archaic present plural of 'vara' (to be); modern 'är'."},{"surface":"trånga","lemma":"trång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Trapporna","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"förstugorna","lemma":"förstugorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with trånga","gloss":"the entryways"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with trånga","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rummen","lemma":"rumm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with små","gloss":"the rooms"},{"surface":"fåtaliga","lemma":"fåtalig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with trånga","gloss":"few"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s3","source":"För att väggarna skola få behålla sin styrka, är endast ett ringa antal fönster upptaget i de övre våningarna, och i den nedersta finnas inga alls, bara smala ljusöppningar.","translation":"So that the walls might keep their strength, only a small number of windows were set into the upper stories, and in the lowest there are none at all, only narrow slits of light.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of behålla","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of behålla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"väggarna","lemma":"väggarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies skola","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"skola","lemma":"skola","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of behålla","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of behålla","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"behålla","lemma":"behålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on finnas","gloss":"to keep"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of styrka","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"styrka","lemma":"styrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of behålla","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to upptaget","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"endast","lemma":"endast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fönster","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of antal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ringa","lemma":"ringa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies antal","gloss":"small","note":"This type covers both the adjective 'ringa' (slight/scant) and the present participle 'ringande' (ringing, from the verb 'ringa')."},{"surface":"antal","lemma":"antal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fönster","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"fönster","lemma":"fönst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of upptaget","gloss":"windows"},{"surface":"upptaget","lemma":"upptage","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with behålla","gloss":"set into"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våningarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of våningarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"övre","lemma":"övre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies våningarna","gloss":"upper"},{"surface":"våningarna","lemma":"våningarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of upptaget","gloss":"the floors"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finnas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of finnas","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nedersta","lemma":"nedersta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ljusöppningar","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ljusöppningar","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"ljusöppningar","lemma":"ljusöppning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with finnas","gloss":"light-slits"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s4","source":"Under de gamla krigstiderna voro människorna lika så glada att få stänga in sig i ett sådant där starkt och väldigt hus, som man nu är att få krypa in i en päls i smällkall vinter, men när den goda fredstiden kom, ville de inte längre bo i den gamla borgens mörka och kalla stensalar.","translation":"In the old days of war, people were just as glad to shut themselves up inside such a strong and mighty house as one is nowadays to creep into a fur coat in bitter cold winter, but when the good peacetime came, they no longer wished to live in the old castle's dark and cold stone halls.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural: «voro»","body":"«voro» is the archaic plural preterite of «vara» ('were') — modern Swedish uses «var» for all persons. Paired with «äro» above, it shows the full old present/past plural pattern that 1906 literary Swedish still preserved."}],"words":[{"surface":"Under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking krigstiderna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of krigstiderna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies krigstiderna","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"krigstiderna","lemma":"krigstid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of glada","gloss":"the times of war"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on människorna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies krigstiderna","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glada","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glada","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on glada","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"stänga","lemma":"stänga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of få","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stänga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of stänga","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sådant","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sådant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"starkt","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"strong","note":"Adverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väldigt","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with starkt","gloss":"tremendous"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of få","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on är","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on hus","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of krypa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of krypa","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"krypa","lemma":"krypa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of är","gloss":"to creep"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on krypa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking päls","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of päls","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"päls","lemma":"päls","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of krypa","gloss":"fur/coat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vinter","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"smällkall","lemma":"smällkall","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vinter","gloss":"bitterly cold"},{"surface":"vinter","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies päls","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fredstiden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fredstiden","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"fredstiden","lemma":"fredstid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"the peacetime"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with glada","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bo","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with glada","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mörka","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of borgens","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies borgens","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"borgens","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of mörka","gloss":"the castle's"},{"surface":"mörka","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of bo","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kalla","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with bo","gloss":"cold","note":"Mislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use."},{"surface":"stensalar","lemma":"stensal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bo","gloss":"stone halls"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s5","source":"De ha för längesedan övergivit det stora Glimmingehus och flyttat in i bostäder, som äro sådana, att ljus och luft kunna tränga in i dem.","translation":"They abandoned the great Glimmingehus long ago and moved into dwellings that let light and air come in.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of övergivit","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"längesedan","lemma":"längesedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies övergivit","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"övergivit","lemma":"övergivit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on ha","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Glimmingehus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Glimmingehus","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of övergivit","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flyttat","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with övergivit","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flyttat","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bostäder","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"bostäder","lemma":"bostad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flyttat","gloss":"dwellings"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sådana","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"modifies sådana","gloss":"are","note":"Old plural present tense of vara ('to be')."},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on bostäder","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tränga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ljus","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tränga","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"luft","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ljus","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of tränga","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tränga","lemma":"tränga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ha","gloss":"to force one's way"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tränga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of tränga","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":10,"label":"4","id":"ch04-p4-s1","source":"På den tiden, då Nils Holgersson drog omkring med vildgässen, fanns det alltså inga människor på Glimmingehus, men därför saknade det visst inte invånare.","translation":"At the time when Nils Holgersson was traveling about with the wild geese, there were accordingly no people living at Glimmingehus, but that did not mean it lacked inhabitants.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tiden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of drog","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of drog","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"Holgersson","lemma":"Holgersson","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Nils","gloss":"Holgersson"},{"surface":"drog","lemma":"dra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tiden","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drog","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgässen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of drog","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"alltså","lemma":"alltså","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of människor","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies människor","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saknade","gloss":"on that account"},{"surface":"saknade","lemma":"sakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of visst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies invånare","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies invånare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"invånare","lemma":"invånare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of saknade","gloss":"inhabitants"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s2","source":"På taket bodde varje sommar ett storkpar i ett stort bo, på vinden levde ett par kattugglor, i lönngångarna hängde flädermöss, i spisen i köket bodde en gammal katt, och nere i källaren funnos några hundratal av de gamla svartråttorna.","translation":"Every summer a pair of storks lived in a great nest on the roof; in the attic dwelt a pair of tawny owls; bats hung in the secret passages; an old cat lived by the hearth in the kitchen; and down in the cellar there were some hundreds of the old black rats.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kattugglor","title":"«kattugglor»","body":"Literally 'cat-owls' — the Swedish folk name for the tawny owl (Strix aluco), so called for its round, cat-like face. (The eagle-owl, «berguv», is a separate, much larger species.)"}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taket","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"taket","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"bodde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sommar","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"sommar","lemma":"sommar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of storkpar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"storkpar","lemma":"storkp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"a pair of storks"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies storkpar","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vinden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of levde","gloss":"attic","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"levde","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bodde","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kattugglor","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"kattugglor","lemma":"kattuggla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of levde","gloss":"tawny owls"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lönngångarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lönngångarna","lemma":"lönngång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hängde","gloss":"the secret passages"},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hänga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bodde","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"flädermöss","lemma":"flädermöss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"bats"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spisen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spisen","lemma":"spis","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with flädermöss","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking köket","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"köket","lemma":"kök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies spisen","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"boda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bodde","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of katt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies katt","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"katt","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bodde","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with bodde","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking källaren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"källaren","lemma":"källar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"the cellar"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there were","note":"Old plural past tense of 'finnas', existential 'there were/existed'."},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hundratal","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"hundratal","lemma":"hundratal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of funnos","gloss":"hundreds"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies svartråttorna","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hundratal","gloss":"the black rats"}]},{"number":12,"label":"5","id":"ch04-p5-s1","source":"Råttor hållas just inte i högt anseende av de andra djuren, men svartråttorna på Glimmingehus utgjorde ett undantag.","translation":"Rats are not exactly held in high regard by the other animals, but the black rats of Glimmingehus were an exception.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hållas","title":"s-passive: «hållas»","body":"Swedish forms a passive by adding «-s» to the verb stem: «hålla» ('to hold') → «hållas» ('to be held'). «hållas i högt anseende» = 'to be held in high regard' — no auxiliary verb needed, unlike English 'is held'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Råttor","lemma":"Råttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive hållas","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"hållas","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are held"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hållas","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hållas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anseende","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies anseende","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"anseende","lemma":"anseende","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hållas","gloss":"reputation"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djuren","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of djuren","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djuren","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"djuren","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies anseende","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of utgjorde","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies svartråttorna","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"utgjorde","lemma":"utgöra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hållas","gloss":"constituted"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of undantag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"undantag","lemma":"undantag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of utgjorde","gloss":"exception"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s2","source":"De omtalades alltid med aktning, därför att de hade visat mycken tapperhet i strid med sina fiender och mycken uthållighet under de stora olyckor, som hade övergått deras folk.","translation":"They were always spoken of with respect, because they had shown great bravery in battle against their enemies and great endurance through the great misfortunes that had befallen their people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive omtalades","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"omtalades","lemma":"omtala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were spoken of"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omtalades","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aktning","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"aktning","lemma":"aktning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of omtalades","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of visat","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visat","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on omtalades","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tapperhet","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"tapperhet","lemma":"tapperhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visat","gloss":"bravery"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on visat","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"strid","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiender","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of fiender","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"fiender","lemma":"fiende","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of visat","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies uthållighet","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"uthållighet","lemma":"uthållighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fiender","gloss":"endurance"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olyckor","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of olyckor","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies olyckor","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"olyckor","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of visat","gloss":"misfortunes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of övergått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of övergått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"övergått","lemma":"övergå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on olyckor","gloss":"befallen"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of folk","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of övergått","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s3","source":"De tillhörde nämligen ett råttfolk, som en gång hade varit mycket talrikt och mäktigt, men nu höll på att dö ut.","translation":"For they belonged to a rat-folk that had once been very numerous and mighty, but was now dying out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tillhörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tillhörde","lemma":"tillhöra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"belonged"},{"surface":"nämligen","lemma":"nämligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tillhörde","gloss":"for","note":"Explanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of råttfolk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"råttfolk","lemma":"råttfolk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tillhörde","gloss":"rat-folk"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of talrikt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of talrikt","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of talrikt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to talrikt","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies talrikt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"talrikt","lemma":"talrikt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on råttfolk","gloss":"numerous"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mäktigt","lemma":"mäktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with talrikt","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tillhörde","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"in progress"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of dö","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"dö","lemma":"dö","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dö","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s4","source":"Under en mångfald av år hade svartråttorna ägt Skåne och hela landet.","translation":"For a great many years the black rats had owned Skåne and the whole country.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mångfald","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mångfald","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mångfald","lemma":"mångfald","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ägt","gloss":"great many"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies mångfald","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ägt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ägt","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"ägt","lemma":"äga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of ägt","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Skåne","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s5","source":"De hade funnits i varenda källare, på varenda vind, i lador och logar, i visthus och bagarstugor, i ladugårdar och stall, i kyrkor och borgar, i brännerier och kvarnar, i varje av människor rest byggnad, men nu voro de fördrivna från allt detta och nästan utrotade.","translation":"They had been found in every cellar, in every attic, in barns and threshing-floors, in storehouses and bakehouses, in cowsheds and stables, in churches and castles, in breweries and mills, in every building raised by human hands, but now they were driven out of all this and almost exterminated.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of funnits","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of funnits","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"funnits","lemma":"funnits","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"existed/been found"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking källare","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"varenda","lemma":"varenda","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of källare","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"källare","lemma":"källare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnits","gloss":"cellar"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vind","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"varenda","lemma":"varenda","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vind","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"vind","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnits","gloss":"attic","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lador","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lador","lemma":"lador","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vind","gloss":"barns"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"logar","lemma":"log","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with lador","gloss":"threshing barns"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visthus","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"visthus","lemma":"visthus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of vind","gloss":"storehouses"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bagarstugor","lemma":"bagarstuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with visthus","gloss":"bakehouses"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ladugårdar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ladugårdar","lemma":"ladugård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vind","gloss":"cowsheds"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stall","lemma":"stall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with ladugårdar","gloss":"stable"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"kyrkor","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vind","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"borgar","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kyrkor","gloss":"castles"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brännerier","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"brännerier","lemma":"bränneri","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vind","gloss":"distilleries"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kvarnar","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with brännerier","gloss":"mills"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varje","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"oblique complement of rest","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking människor","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies varje","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"rest","lemma":"rest","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying vind","gloss":"built","note":"Past participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'."},{"surface":"byggnad","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rest","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"depends on fördrivna","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive fördrivna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"fördrivna","lemma":"fördrivna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with vind","gloss":"driven out"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fördrivna","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utrotade","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"utrotade","lemma":"utrotad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with detta","gloss":"exterminated"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s6","source":"Bara på ett och annat gammalt och ensligt ställe kunde man råka på några få av dem, och ingenstans funnos de till så stort antal som på Glimmingehus.","translation":"Only in this or that old and lonely spot could one still come across a few of them, and nowhere were they found in such great numbers as at Glimmingehus.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställe","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gammalt","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"gammalt","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with ett","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ensligt","lemma":"enslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gammalt","gloss":"lonely"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of råka","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of råka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of råka","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"råka","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come across"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking få","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of få","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of råka","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies få","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenstans","lemma":"ingenstans","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of antal","gloss":"there were","note":"this is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"in existence"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies antal","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"antal","lemma":"antal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with råka","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of Glimmingehus","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clause modifying antal","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]},{"number":18,"label":"6","id":"ch04-p6-s1","source":"När ett djurfolk dör ut, bruka människorna oftast vara skuld till det, men så var inte fallet denna gång.","translation":"When an animal-folk dies out, people are usually to blame for it, but that was not the case this time.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bruka","title":"«bruka» + infinitive","body":"«bruka» plus a bare infinitive expresses a habitual action: «människorna bruka vara skuld» = 'people usually are to blame'. It works like English 'tend to' or 'be used to', not like the ordinary verb «använda» ('to use')."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of dör","gloss":"when","note":"Functions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of djurfolk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"djurfolk","lemma":"djurfolk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive dör","gloss":"animal-folk","note":"Both studio translations use the coined collective term 'animal-folk'; 'animal people' needlessly replaces it."},{"surface":"dör","lemma":"döra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dies"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dör","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"bruka","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dör","gloss":"usually","note":"First example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of skuld","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"oftast","lemma":"ofta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies människorna","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to skuld","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"skuld","lemma":"skuld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bruka","gloss":"blame"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bruka","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fallet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fallet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fallet","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bruka","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fallet","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch04-p6-s2","source":"Människorna hade visserligen kämpat med svartråttorna, men de hade inte kunnat göra dem någon nämnvärd skada.","translation":"The people had indeed fought against the black rats, but they had not been able to do them any notable harm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Människorna","lemma":"Människorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kämpat","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kämpat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visserligen","lemma":"visserligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kämpat","gloss":"indeed","note":"Concessive adverb, close to \"it's true, but...\"."},{"surface":"kämpat","lemma":"kämpa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kämpat","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kämpat","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skada","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"nämnvärd","lemma":"nämnvärd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skada","gloss":"notable"},{"surface":"skada","lemma":"skada","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"harm"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch04-p6-s3","source":"De, som hade besegrat dem, voro ett djurfolk av deras egen stam, som kallades gråråttor.","translation":"Those who had defeated them were an animal-folk of their own kind, called gray rats.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"svartråttor / gråråttor","title":"Black rat vs. gray rat","body":"This is real natural history: the native black rat («svartråtta», Rattus rattus) was largely displaced across Europe in the 18th–19th centuries by the invasive brown/gray rat («gråråtta», Rattus norvegicus). Lagerlöf turns that ecological replacement into an epic of conquest and exile."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of besegrat","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of besegrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"besegrat","lemma":"besegra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on De","gloss":"defeated"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of besegrat","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with De","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of djurfolk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"djurfolk","lemma":"djurfolk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"animal-folk","note":"Both studio translations use the coined collective term 'animal-folk'; 'animal people' needlessly replaces it."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stam","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of stam","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"egen","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stam","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"stam","lemma":"stam","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies djurfolk","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive kallades","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kallades","lemma":"kallada","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on djurfolk","gloss":"was called"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of kallades","gloss":"gray rats"}]},{"number":21,"label":"7","id":"ch04-p7-s1","source":"Dessa gråråttor hade inte bott i landet alltifrån urminnes tid såsom svartråttorna.","translation":"These gray rats had not lived in the country since time immemorial, as the black rats had.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gråråttor","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bott","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bott","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bott","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bott","lemma":"bott","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bott","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"alltifrån","lemma":"alltifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"ever since"},{"surface":"urminnes","lemma":"urminnes","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular, superlative","role":"part of the phrase alltifrån","gloss":"time immemorial"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bott","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"såsom","lemma":"såsom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of svartråttorna","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clause modifying tid","gloss":"black rats"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch04-p7-s2","source":"De härstammade från ett par fattiga invandrare, som för en hundra år sedan stego i land i Malmö från en lybsk skuta.","translation":"They were descended from a pair of poor immigrants, who a hundred years before had come ashore at Malmö from a ship out of Lübeck.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lybsk skuta","title":"«lybsk skuta»","body":"A 'Lübeck ship' — «lybsk» means 'of Lübeck', the great Hanseatic port. Malmö's old trade ties across the Baltic to the German Hanse towns are folded into the rats' own origin story."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of härstammade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"härstammade","lemma":"härstamma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were descended"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking invandrare","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies invandrare","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"fattiga","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies invandrare","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"invandrare","lemma":"invandrare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies härstammade","gloss":"immigrants"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stego","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hundra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hundra","lemma":"hundra","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies år","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of stego","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on år","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"stego","lemma":"stego","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on invandrare","gloss":"came ashore","note":"Historical plural past form of stiga."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"ashore"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stego","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Malmö","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Malmö","lemma":"Malmö","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies land","gloss":"Malmö"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skuta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lybsk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lybsk","lemma":"lybsk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skuta","gloss":"from Lübeck","note":"Lybsk is an older adjective meaning ‘of or from Lübeck.’"},{"surface":"skuta","lemma":"skuta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of stego","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch04-p7-s3","source":"Dessa voro hemlösa, utsvultna stackare, som höllo till i själva hamnen, simmade omkring bland pålarna under bryggorna och åto avfall, som kastades i vattnet.","translation":"These were homeless, starving wretches, who kept to the harbor itself, swam about among the piles beneath the wharves, and ate the garbage that was thrown into the water.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"Archaic plural: «höllo»","body":"«höllo» is the archaic plural preterite of «hålla» ('held/kept') — modern Swedish uses «höll» for all persons. «höllo till» = 'kept themselves, hung about'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hemlösa","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on hemlösa","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"hemlösa","lemma":"hemlös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of simmade","gloss":"homeless"},{"surface":"utsvultna","lemma":"utsvulten","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies stackare","gloss":"starving"},{"surface":"stackare","lemma":"stackare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hemlösa","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"hålloa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on stackare","gloss":"kept to","note":"Surface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höllo","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hamnen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies hamnen","gloss":"itself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"hamnen","lemma":"hamn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"simmade","lemma":"simma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swam"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking pålarna","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"bland","lemma":"bland","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pålarna","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"pålarna","lemma":"pålare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of simmade","gloss":"the pilings"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bryggorna","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"bryggorna","lemma":"brygga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of simmade","gloss":"wharves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"åto","lemma":"åto","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with bryggorna","gloss":"ate","note":"Åto is the historical plural past form of äta."},{"surface":"avfall","lemma":"avfall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bryggorna","gloss":"garbage"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive kastades","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kastades","lemma":"kastaa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on avfall","gloss":"was/were thrown"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastades","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch04-p7-s4","source":"De vågade sig aldrig upp till staden, som ägdes av svartråttorna.","translation":"They never dared venture up into the town, which was owned by the black rats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vågade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vågade","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vågade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking staden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"staden","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vågade","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive ägdes","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ägdes","lemma":"ägdea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on staden","gloss":"was owned"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of ägdes","gloss":"the black rats"}]},{"number":25,"label":"8","id":"ch04-p8-s1","source":"Men så småningom, när gråråttorna hade växt till i antal, blevo de djärvare.","translation":"But little by little, as the gray rats grew in number, they became bolder.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on blevo","gloss":"gradually"},{"surface":"småningom","lemma":"småningom","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"gradually","note":"Used in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blevo","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"växt","lemma":"växt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"grown","note":"Actually the supine of the verb växa \"to grow\", mislabeled as a noun; all examples mean \"has/had grown\"."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking antal","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"antal","lemma":"antal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of djärvare","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"djärvare","lemma":"djärvare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"bolder"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s2","source":"Till en början flyttade de in i några öde och utdömda gamla hus, som svartråttorna hade övergivit.","translation":"At first they moved into a few deserted and condemned old houses that the black rats had abandoned.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking början","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of början","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"början","lemma":"början","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flyttade","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"flyttade","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flyttade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flyttade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öde","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of öde","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"öde","lemma":"öde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of flyttade","gloss":"deserted","note":"Surfaces mix the neuter noun 'öde' (fate, plural 'öden') with the homonymous adjective 'öde' (deserted); glossed per the noun sense as primary."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"utdömda","lemma":"utdömd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"condemned"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with öde","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of övergivit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of övergivit","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of övergivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"övergivit","lemma":"övergivia","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on hus","gloss":"abandoned"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s3","source":"De sökte sin föda i rännstenar och sophögar och höllo till godo med allt skräp, som svartråttorna inte gitte ta vara på.","translation":"They sought their food in gutters and rubbish heaps and made do with all the refuse that the black rats did not care to take.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gitte","title":"«gitta»","body":"An archaic/dialect verb meaning 'to care to, to bother to, to be bothered'. «inte gitte ta vara på» = 'didn't care to make use of'. It survives today mainly in regional speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of föda","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"föda","lemma":"föda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rännstenar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rännstenar","lemma":"rännsten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sökte","gloss":"gutters"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sophögar","lemma":"sophög","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with rännstenar","gloss":"rubbish heaps"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"hålloa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sökte","gloss":"made do","note":"Surface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höllo","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"godo","lemma":"godo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"make do (with)","note":"Archaic dative form of 'gott', almost always in 'hålla till godo med' = 'to make do with'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skräp","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skräp","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"skräp","lemma":"skräp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"rubbish"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gitte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gitte","lemma":"gitte","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with svartråttorna","gloss":"cared to","note":"Gitte is an archaic past form of gitta, ‘to care or trouble to’."},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on skräp","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ta","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vara","gloss":"make use of"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s4","source":"De voro härdiga, förnöjsamma och oförskräckta, och inom få år hade de blivit så mäktiga, att de företogo sig att jaga bort svartråttorna från Malmö.","translation":"They were hardy, easily satisfied, and undaunted, and within a few years they had grown so powerful that they set about driving the black rats out of Malmö.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"företogo","title":"Archaic plural: «-o» ending","body":"Old plural preterites often end in «-o»: «företogo» ('undertook', from «företaga'), «togo», «drogo». Modern Swedish drops the plural agreement entirely and just says «företog»."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on härdiga","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"härdiga","lemma":"härdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on blivit","gloss":"hardy"},{"surface":"förnöjsamma","lemma":"förnöjsamma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with härdiga","gloss":"easily satisfied"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oförskräckta","lemma":"oförskräckt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with härdiga","gloss":"undaunted"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inom","lemma":"inom","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies få","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with härdiga","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mäktiga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mäktiga","lemma":"mäktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of företogo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of företogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"företogo","lemma":"företogoa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"set about"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of företogo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of jaga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"jaga","lemma":"jaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of företogo","gloss":"to hunt"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on jaga","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of jaga","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Malmö","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Malmö","lemma":"Malmö","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of jaga","gloss":"Malmö"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s5","source":"De togo ifrån dem vindar, källare och magasiner, svälte ut dem eller beto ihjäl dem, för de voro inte alls rädda för strid.","translation":"They took from them attics, cellars, and storehouses, starved them out or bit them to death, for they were not at all afraid of a fight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of togo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vindar","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of vindar","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"vindar","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies togo","gloss":"attics"},{"surface":"källare","lemma":"källare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vindar","gloss":"cellar"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magasiner","lemma":"magasiner","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with källare","gloss":"storehouses"},{"surface":"svälte","lemma":"svälte","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with togo","gloss":"starved"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on svälte","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on togo","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"beto","lemma":"beto","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with dem","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on togo","gloss":"to death"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of togo","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rädda","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies rädda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädda","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"rädda","lemma":"rädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on togo","gloss":"afraid","note":"Merges plural of the adjective 'rädd' (afraid) with forms of the unrelated verb 'rädda' (to save); sense depends entirely on context."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strid","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"strid","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rädda","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":30,"label":"9","id":"ch04-p9-s1","source":"Och när Malmö var taget, drogo de bort i små och stora skaror för att erövra hela landet.","translation":"And once Malmö was taken, they set off in small and large bands to conquer the whole country.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"drogo","title":"Archaic plural: «drogo»","body":"«drogo» is the old plural preterite of «dra» ('went, drew off'); modern Swedish uses «drog» regardless of number. This whole chapter is thick with these dying plural forms — a deliberate period flavor, not a typo."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of drogo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Malmö","lemma":"Malmö","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of drogo","gloss":"Malmö"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on drogo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"taget","lemma":"tagen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"drogo","lemma":"drogo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew/set off","note":"Archaic plural past of dra(ga) ('drew, moved along')."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of drogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drogo","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skaror","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skaror","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with små","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skaror","lemma":"skara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of drogo","gloss":"crowds"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of erövra","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of erövra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"erövra","lemma":"erövra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on drogo","gloss":"to conquer"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of erövra","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch04-p9-s2","source":"Det är nästan omöjligt att förstå varför inte svartråttorna samlade sig till ett stort, gemensamt härnadståg och tillintetgjorde gråråttorna, medan dessa ännu voro fåtaliga.","translation":"It is almost impossible to understand why the black rats did not gather into one great, united war-host and destroy the gray rats while these were still few.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"härnadståg","title":"«härnadståg»","body":"A literary, saga-flavored word for a military campaign or war-expedition — «härnad» is an old term for warfare/raiding, still used in historical and epic writing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with omöjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to omöjligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omöjligt","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förstå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on omöjligt","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies samlade","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies samlade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of samlade","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"samlade","lemma":"samla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of förstå","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of samlade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking härnadståg","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of härnadståg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies härnadståg","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"gemensamt","lemma":"gemensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies härnadståg","gloss":"united"},{"surface":"härnadståg","lemma":"härnadståg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of samlade","gloss":"military expedition"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillintetgjorde","lemma":"tillintetgjorde","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with härnadståg","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of samlade","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fåtaliga","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of fåtaliga","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fåtaliga","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on fåtaliga","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"fåtaliga","lemma":"fåtalig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on samlade","gloss":"few"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch04-p9-s3","source":"Men de svarta voro väl så säkra på sin makt, att de inte kunde tro på möjligheten att förlora den.","translation":"But the black ones were, it seems, so sure of their power that they could not believe it possible to lose it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säkra","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säkra","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"säkra","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of voro","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking makt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of makt","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"makt","lemma":"makt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of säkra","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on voro","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking möjligheten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"möjligheten","lemma":"möjlighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tro","gloss":"possibility"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förlora","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förlora","lemma":"förlora","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying möjligheten","gloss":"to lose"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förlora","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch04-p9-s4","source":"De sutto stilla på sina egendomar, och under tiden togo gråråttorna ifrån dem lantgård efter lantgård, by efter by, stad efter stad.","translation":"They sat still on their own properties, and meanwhile the gray rats took from them farm after farm, village after village, town after town.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sutto","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sutto","lemma":"sutto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic plural past tense of sitta (they sat), not a noun."},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sutto","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking egendomar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of egendomar","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"egendomar","lemma":"egendom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stilla","gloss":"properties"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"preposition marking gråråttorna","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies tiden","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies tiden","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"lantgård","lemma":"lantgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lantgård","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"lantgård","lemma":"lantgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lantgård","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"by","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lantgård","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking by","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"by","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies by","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lantgård","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stad","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"town"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch04-p9-s5","source":"De blevo utsvälta, utträngda, utrotade.","translation":"They were starved out, driven out, exterminated.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of utsvälta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies utsvälta","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli/varda."},{"surface":"utsvälta","lemma":"utsvälta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"starved out"},{"surface":"utträngda","lemma":"utträngda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with utsvälta","gloss":"driven out"},{"surface":"utrotade","lemma":"utrotad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with utsvälta","gloss":"exterminated"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch04-p9-s6","source":"I Skåne hade de inte kunnat bibehålla sig på något enda ställe utom på Glimmingehus.","translation":"In Skåne they had not been able to hold their ground in a single place except at Glimmingehus.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of bibehålla","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bibehålla","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bibehålla","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bibehålla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of bibehålla","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"bibehålla","lemma":"bibehålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"maintain"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bibehålla","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ställe","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bibehålla","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"utom","lemma":"utom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies ställe","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]},{"number":36,"label":"10","id":"ch04-p10-s1","source":"Det gamla stenhuset ägde så säkra murar, och så få råttgångar ledde genom dessa, att svartråttorna hade lyckats försvara dem och hindra gråråttorna från att tränga in.","translation":"The old stone house had walls so secure, and so few rat-passages led through them, that the black rats had managed to defend them and keep the gray rats from breaking in.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stenhuset","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stenhuset","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"stenhuset","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"stone house"},{"surface":"ägde","lemma":"ägde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säkra","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"säkra","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies murar","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"murar","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ägde","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ägde","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"råttgångar","lemma":"råttgång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"rat-passages"},{"surface":"ledde","lemma":"leda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"complement of ägde","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dessa","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"oblique complement of ledde","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckats","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lyckats","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lyckats","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lyckats","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"in apposition to ledde","gloss":"succeeded","note":"Impersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'."},{"surface":"försvara","lemma":"försvara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lyckats","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of försvara","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hindra","lemma":"hindra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with försvara","gloss":"to prevent"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hindra","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tränga","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tränga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tränga","lemma":"tränga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lyckats","gloss":"to force one's way"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tränga","gloss":"in"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch04-p10-s2","source":"År efter år, natt efter natt hade striden fortgått mellan angripare och försvarare, men svartråttorna hade hållit trogen vakt och kämpat med största dödsförakt, och tack vare det präktiga gamla huset hade de alltid segrat.","translation":"Year after year, night after night the battle had gone on between attackers and defenders, but the black rats had kept faithful watch and fought with the utmost contempt for death, and thanks to the splendid old house they had always been victorious.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dödsförakt","title":"«dödsförakt»","body":"A compound of «död» ('death') and «förakt» ('contempt/scorn') — 'contempt for death', i.e. reckless bravery. Common in heroic and military writing."}],"words":[{"surface":"År","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fortgått","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies År","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase År","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies År","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase efter","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fortgått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"striden","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortgått","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"fortgått","lemma":"fortgå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angripare","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"angripare","lemma":"angripare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fortgått","gloss":"attackers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"försvarare","lemma":"försvarare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with angripare","gloss":"defenders"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with fortgått","gloss":"kept","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"trogen","lemma":"trogen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vakt","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"vakt","lemma":"vakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hållit","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kämpat","lemma":"kämpa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hållit","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dödsförakt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies dödsförakt","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"dödsförakt","lemma":"dödsförakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kämpat","gloss":"contempt for death"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tack","lemma":"tack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies huset","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"vare","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, active","role":"part of the phrase tack","gloss":"thanks to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of huset","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"präktiga","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huset","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huset","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"huset","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of segrat","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of segrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of segrat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies segrat","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"segrat","lemma":"segra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hållit","gloss":"been victorious"}]},{"number":38,"label":"11","id":"ch04-p11-s1","source":"Det måste erkännas, att så länge som svartråttorna voro vid makten, hade de varit lika avskydda av alla andra levande varelser, som gråråttorna äro nu för tiden, och detta med full rätt.","translation":"It must be admitted that as long as the black rats were in power, they had been just as hated by all other living creatures as the gray rats are nowadays, and rightly so.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro / äro","title":"Old past vs. present plural","body":"In one sentence Lagerlöf uses both archaic plurals side by side: «voro» ('were', past) for the black rats' vanished reign, «äro» ('are', present) for the gray rats' current one — a small grammatical mirror of the story's reversal of fortune."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive erkännas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of erkännas","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"erkännas","lemma":"erkänna","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be admitted"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of svartråttorna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase att","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svartråttorna","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on erkännas","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on erkännas","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking makten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"makten","lemma":"makt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of erkännas","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of avskydda","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of avskydda","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to avskydda","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avskydda","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"avskydda","lemma":"avskydd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on erkännas","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varelser","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of varelser","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies varelser","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"levande","lemma":"levande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies varelser","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"varelser","lemma":"varelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of avskydda","gloss":"creatures"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of äro","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of äro","gloss":"the gray rats"},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"particle","role":"relative clause on varelser","gloss":"are","note":"Same archaic present plural of 'vara'; mistagged as particle."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies äro","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"nowadays"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of äro","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rätt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with erkännas","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch04-p11-s2","source":"De hade kastat sig över arma, fjättrade fångar och pinat dem, de hade frossat på lik, de hade stulit bort den sista rovan i den fattiges källare, bitit fötterna av sovande gäss, rövat ägg och dunungar från hönsen och gjort tusen ogärningar.","translation":"They had fallen upon poor, chained prisoners and tormented them, they had feasted on corpses, they had stolen the last turnip from the poor man's cellar, bitten the feet off sleeping geese, robbed eggs and down-chicks from the hens, and done a thousand misdeeds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kastat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kastat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kastat","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fallen upon"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kastat","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arma","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastat","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"fjättrade","lemma":"fjättra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fångar","gloss":"chained"},{"surface":"fångar","lemma":"fång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kastat","gloss":"prisoners"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pinat","lemma":"pinaa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with fångar","gloss":"tormented"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kastat","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of frossat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of frossat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"frossat","lemma":"frossat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to kastat","gloss":"feasted"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lik","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"lik","lemma":"lik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of frossat","gloss":"corpses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to frossat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stulit","lemma":"stulit","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stulit","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rovan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies rovan","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"rovan","lemma":"rova","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stulit","gloss":"the turnip"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking källare","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fattiges","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fattiges","lemma":"fattige","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of källare","gloss":"poor man's"},{"surface":"källare","lemma":"källare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"cellar"},{"surface":"bitit","lemma":"bitit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"bitten"},{"surface":"fötterna","lemma":"föttere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bitit","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gäss","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"sovande","lemma":"sova","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gäss","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"gäss","lemma":"gäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bitit","gloss":"geese","note":"gäss is the plural of gås ('goose'), despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"rövat","lemma":"röva","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"robbed"},{"surface":"ägg","lemma":"ägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of rövat","gloss":"egg"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dunungar","lemma":"dunung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ägg","gloss":"downy chicks"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hönsen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hönsen","lemma":"höns","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rövat","gloss":"the hens"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"tusen","lemma":"tusen","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies ogärningar","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"ogärningar","lemma":"ogärning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"misdeeds"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch04-p11-s3","source":"Men sedan de hade råkat i olycka, tycktes allt detta vara glömt, och ingen kunde låta bli att beundra de sista av släkten, som hade hållit ut så länge med sitt motstånd mot fienderna.","translation":"But since misfortune had overtaken them, all this seemed to be forgotten, and no one could help admiring the last of the race, who had held out so long in their resistance against their enemies.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of råkat","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of råkat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of råkat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"råkat","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tycktes","gloss":"been overtaken"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olycka","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of råkat","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of glömt","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of glömt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to glömt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"glömt","lemma":"glömma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tycktes","gloss":"forgotten"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tycktes","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of beundra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"beundra","lemma":"beundra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"admire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sista","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"direct object of beundra","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking släkten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"släkten","lemma":"släkt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies beundra","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on släkten","gloss":"held out","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hållit","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hållit","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking motstånd","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of motstånd","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"motstånd","lemma":"motstånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hållit","gloss":"resistance"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fienderna","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"fienderna","lemma":"fiend","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies motstånd","gloss":"their enemies"}]},{"number":41,"label":"12","id":"ch04-p12-s1","source":"Gråråttorna, som bodde på Glimminge gård och i trakten däromkring, fortsatte alltjämt striden och försökte passa på varje lämpligt tillfälle att bemäktiga sig borgen.","translation":"The gray rats, who lived on the Glimminge farmstead and in the country round about, kept up the struggle without end and tried to seize every fitting chance to gain possession of the castle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gråråttorna","lemma":"Gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fortsatte","gloss":"the gray rats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"boda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Gråråttorna","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Glimminge","lemma":"Glimminge","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of gård","gloss":"Glimminge's"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"farmstead"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trakten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"trakten","lemma":"trakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of däromkring","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"däromkring","lemma":"däromkring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gård","gloss":"round about"},{"surface":"fortsatte","lemma":"fortsatte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortsatte","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"striden","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortsatte","gloss":"struggle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fortsatte","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"passa","lemma":"passa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försökte","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tillfälle","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tillfälle","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"lämpligt","lemma":"lämplig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tillfälle","gloss":"suitable"},{"surface":"tillfälle","lemma":"tillfälle","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of passa","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bemäktiga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bemäktiga","lemma":"bemäktig","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying tillfälle","gloss":"seize","note":"'bemäktiga sig' = to take possession of."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bemäktiga","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bemäktiga","gloss":"castle"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch04-p12-s2","source":"Det kunde tyckas, att de borde ha låtit den lilla skaran svartråttor besitta Glimmingehus i fred, sedan de själva hade vunnit hela det övriga landet, men detta föll dem visst inte in.","translation":"It might seem that they ought to have let the small band of black rats hold Glimmingehus in peace, since they themselves had won all the rest of the country, but that never occurred to them at all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with tyckas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tyckas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tyckas","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to seem"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låtit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of låtit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låtit","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of låtit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"låtit","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckas","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skaran","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skaran","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"skaran","lemma":"skara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies svartråttor","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"svartråttor","lemma":"svartråttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of besitta","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"besitta","lemma":"besitta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of låtit","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of besitta","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fred","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fred","lemma":"fred","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of besitta","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vunnit","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of vunnit","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying de","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vunnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vunnit","lemma":"vinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on besitta","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies vunnit","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"övriga","lemma":"övrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vunnit","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tyckas","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of föll","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föll","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies föll","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on föll","gloss":"in"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch04-p12-s3","source":"De brukade säga, att det var en hederssak för dem att en gång besegra svartråttorna, men den, som kände gråråttorna, visste nog, att det var därför, att människorna använde Glimmingehus till spannmålsmagasin, som de grå inte kunde ge sig någon ro, innan de hade intagit det.","translation":"They liked to say that it was a matter of honor for them to defeat the black rats once and for all, but whoever knew the gray rats well knew that it was really because people used Glimmingehus as a grain storehouse that the gray ones could not rest easy until they had taken it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"spannmålsmagasin","title":"«spannmålsmagasin»","body":"A grain storehouse — «spannmål» is 'grain/cereal crop' and «magasin» here means 'storehouse', not 'magazine'. Real castles like Glimmingehus were repurposed as farm granaries once they stopped being fortified homes."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on brukade","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hederssak","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hederssak","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hederssak","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hederssak","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hederssak","lemma":"hederssak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on brukade","gloss":"matter of honor"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of hederssak","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of besegra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of besegra","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"besegra","lemma":"besegra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on hederssak","gloss":"defeat"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of besegra","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with brukade","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with därför","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to därför","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of använde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of använde","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"använde","lemma":"användea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of använde","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spannmålsmagasin","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"spannmålsmagasin","lemma":"spannmålsmagasin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of använde","gloss":"grain storehouse"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of grå","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"grå","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with använde","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ro","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ro","lemma":"ro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of intagit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of intagit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of intagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"intagit","lemma":"intagit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on använde","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of intagit","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":44,"label":"13","id":"ch04-p13-s1","source":"Tidigt en morgon väcktes vildgässen, som stodo och sovo på Vombsjöns is, av starka rop uppifrån luften.","translation":"Early one morning the wild geese, who stood asleep on the ice of Lake Vomb, were woken by loud cries from up in the air.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Vombsjön","title":"«Vombsjön» (Lake Vomb)","body":"A real, shallow lake in central Skåne, a well-known resting ground for migratory geese and cranes — still a major bird-watching site today."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tidigt","lemma":"Tidig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of morgon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of väcktes","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"väcktes","lemma":"väcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were woken"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive väcktes","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on vildgässen","gloss":"stood","note":"Past-plural of the verb 'stå' (to stand); mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sovo","lemma":"sovo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"slept","note":"Archaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking is","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Vombsjöns","lemma":"Vombsjöns","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of is","gloss":"Lake Vomb's"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rop","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"starka","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rop","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of väcktes","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"uppifrån","lemma":"uppifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of väcktes","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch04-p13-s2","source":"»Trirop! Trirop!» ljöd det.","translation":"»Tri-rop! Tri-rop!» it rang out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Trirop","lemma":"trirop","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tri-rop","note":"An imitation of an animal’s call."},{"surface":"Trirop","lemma":"trirop","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tri-rop","note":"An imitation of an animal’s call."},{"surface":"ljöd","lemma":"ljöd","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rang out"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ljöd","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch04-p13-s3","source":"»Trianut, tranan, låter hälsa Akka, vildgåsen, och hennes flock. I morgon står den stora trandansen på Kullaberg.»","translation":"»Trianut, the crane, sends greetings to Akka, the wild goose, and her flock. Tomorrow the great crane dance takes place on Kullaberg.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kullaberg","title":"«Kullaberg»","body":"A real rocky headland on Skåne's northwest coast, famous in Swedish folklore as a gathering place for supernatural beings — and, as here, for the cranes' springtime dance, a real natural spectacle Lagerlöf borrows straight into her plot."}],"words":[{"surface":"Trianut","lemma":"Trianut","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of låter","gloss":"Trianut"},{"surface":"tranan","lemma":"trana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Trianut","gloss":"the crane"},{"surface":"låter","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låter","gloss":"sends greetings","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of låter","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgåsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"the wild goose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of flock","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies står","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trandansen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies trandansen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"trandansen","lemma":"trandans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of står","gloss":"crane dance"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of står","gloss":"Kullaberg"}]},{"number":47,"label":"14","id":"ch04-p14-s1","source":"Akka sträckte genast upp huvudet och svarade: »Hälsa och tacka! Hälsa och tacka!»","translation":"Akka at once raised her head and answered: »Greet them and give thanks! Greet them and give thanks!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sträckte","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sträckte","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sträckte","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträckte","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sträckte","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sträckte","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"greet","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tacka","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with Hälsa","gloss":"thank"},{"surface":"Hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"greet","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tacka","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with Hälsa","gloss":"thank"}]},{"number":48,"label":"15","id":"ch04-p15-s1","source":"Därpå flögo tranorna vidare, men vildgässen hörde dem länge, där de foro och ropade ut över varje fält och varje skogsbacke: »Trianut låter hälsa. I morgon står den stora trandansen på Kullaberg.»","translation":"Then the cranes flew on, but the wild geese heard them for a long while, as they went crying out over every field and every hillside: »Trianut sends greetings. Tomorrow the great crane dance takes place on Kullaberg.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"flögo / foro","title":"Archaic plural preterites","body":"«flögo» ('flew') and «foro» ('went, traveled') are the old plural preterites of «flyga» and «fara». Modern Swedish would use the singular-looking «flög» and «for» for any subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Därpå","lemma":"Därpå","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"then","note":"Mistagged as a noun; därpå is the adverb \"then/thereupon\"."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"tranorna","lemma":"tranorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"the cranes"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"for a long while"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase där","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ropade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fält","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fält","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"fält","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of skogsbacke","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"skogsbacke","lemma":"skogsbacke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fält","gloss":"wooded hillside"},{"surface":"Trianut","lemma":"Trianut","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låter","gloss":"Trianut"},{"surface":"låter","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låter","gloss":"sends greetings","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies står","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trandansen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies trandansen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"trandansen","lemma":"trandans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of står","gloss":"crane dance"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of står","gloss":"Kullaberg"}]},{"number":49,"label":"16","id":"ch04-p16-s1","source":"Över detta budskap blevo vildgässen mycket glada.","translation":"At this news the wild geese became very glad.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking budskap","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of budskap","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"budskap","lemma":"budskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blevo","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'bli' (to become)."},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glada","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"glad"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s2","source":"»Du har lycka med dig,» sade de till den vita gåskarlen, »som får vara med om den stora trandansen.»","translation":"»You are in luck,» they said to the white gander, »to get to see the great crane dance.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"lycka","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"in luck"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to har","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"to","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on »","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vara","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trandansen","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trandansen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies trandansen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"trandansen","lemma":"trandans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vara","gloss":"crane dance"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s3","source":"— »Är det då så märkvärdigt att se tranor dansa?» frågade gåskarlen.","translation":"— »Is it really so remarkable to watch cranes dance?» asked the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with märkvärdigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on märkvärdigt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"tranor","lemma":"trana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"cranes"},{"surface":"dansa","lemma":"dansa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of se","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s4","source":"»Det är vad du aldrig har drömt om,» svarade vildgässen.","translation":"»It is something you have never dreamed of,» answered the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of drömt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to drömt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of drömt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of drömt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drömt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of drömt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"drömt","lemma":"drömt","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on drömt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with drömt","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."}]},{"number":53,"label":"17","id":"ch04-p17-s1","source":"»Det blir nu att tänka ut var vi i morgon ska göra av Tummetott, så att ingen olycka händer honom, medan vi reser till Kullaberg,» sade Akka.","translation":"»Now we must think out where to put Thumbietot tomorrow, so that no harm comes to him while we travel to Kullaberg,» said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tummetott","title":"«Tummetott» (Thumbietot)","body":"The name the animals use for Nils after he is shrunk to elf-size — 'Thumbietot' in English, echoing 'Tom Thumb'. It marks that they still think of him as fragile and in need of protection."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on blir","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tänka","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to göra","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on var","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tummetott","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of händer","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of olycka","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of händer","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"händer","lemma":"hända","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of händer","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reser","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of reser","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"reser","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on händer","gloss":"travels","note":"3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of reser","gloss":"Kullaberg"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to blir","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s2","source":"— »Inte ska Tummetott behöva vara ensam,» sade gåskarlen. »Om inte tranorna tillåter, att han får se deras dans, så stannar jag hos honom.»","translation":"— »Thumbietot need not be alone,» said the gander. »If the cranes do not allow him to watch their dance, then I will stay with him.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ensam","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ensam","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of ensam","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"behöva","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ensam","gloss":"to need to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to ensam","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to ensam","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tillåter","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tillåter","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tranorna","lemma":"trana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tillåter","gloss":"cranes"},{"surface":"tillåter","lemma":"tillåta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on stannar","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"be allowed to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tillåter","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of dans","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on stannar","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"stannar","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stannar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hos","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stannar","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s3","source":"— »Ingen människa har ännu fått vara med om djurens möte på Kullaberg,» sade Akka, »och jag vågar inte ta Tummetott med mig dit. Men vi får tala vidare om detta längre fram på dagen. Nu måste vi först och främst tänka på att få oss något till livs.»","translation":"— »No human being has ever yet been allowed to attend the animals' gathering on Kullaberg,» said Akka, »and I dare not take Thumbietot there with me. But we can talk more of this later in the day. Right now we must first of all think about getting something to eat.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"been allowed","note":"\"hade alltid fått lära sig\" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction (\"had always been taught\"), a distinct sense from the permissive \"gotten to\" readings in the other examples."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vara","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking möte","gloss":"attend"},{"surface":"djurens","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of möte","gloss":"the animals'"},{"surface":"möte","lemma":"möte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vara","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies möte","gloss":"Kullaberg"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vågar","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vågar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of vågar","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tala","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tala","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tala","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänka","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänka","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase först","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"främst","lemma":"främst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänka","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of få","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking livs","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"livs","lemma":"livs","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"something to eat","note":"Used in the expression få något till livs, meaning to get something to eat."}]},{"number":56,"label":"18","id":"ch04-p18-s1","source":"Akka gav därmed tecken till uppbrott.","translation":"With that Akka gave the signal to set off.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"därmed","lemma":"därmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gav","gloss":"with that"},{"surface":"tecken","lemma":"tecken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uppbrott","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uppbrott","lemma":"uppbrott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gav","gloss":"departure"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s2","source":"Också denna dag sökte hon sin betesmark långt borta för Smirre rävs skull och slog inte ner förrän på de sumpiga ängarna ett stycke söder om Glimmingehus.","translation":"That day too she sought her grazing ground far away for fear of Smirre Fox, and did not land until she reached the marshy meadows a little south of Glimmingehus.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Smirre räv","title":"Smirre Fox","body":"The fox who has sworn to hunt down the wild geese — a recurring villain from earlier chapters, not a new character. «för ... skull» = 'for the sake of / because of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dag","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sökte","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of betesmark","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"betesmark","lemma":"betesmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"grazing ground"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies borta","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sökte","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rävs","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"Smirre","lemma":"Smirre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies rävs","gloss":"Smirre","note":"mistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character."},{"surface":"rävs","lemma":"rävs","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sökte","gloss":"Fox's"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on rävs","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sökte","gloss":"landed","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ängarna","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ängarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ängarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sumpiga","lemma":"sumpig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ängarna","gloss":"marshy"},{"surface":"ängarna","lemma":"ängarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"the meadows"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]},{"number":58,"label":"19","id":"ch04-p19-s1","source":"Hela den dagen satt pojken vid stranden av en liten damm och blåste på vasspipor.","translation":"All that day the boy sat by the edge of a small pond, blowing on reed-pipes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vasspipor","title":"«vasspipor»","body":"Whistles made from hollow reed stems — an ordinary child's pastime here, which quietly sets up the magic pipe the boy will play later in the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking damm","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of damm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies damm","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"damm","lemma":"damm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"pond"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vasspipor","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"vasspipor","lemma":"vasspipa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blåste","gloss":"reed-pipes"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch04-p19-s2","source":"Han var misslynt över att han inte skulle få se på trandansen och kunde inte förmå sig att säga ett ord vare sig till gåskarlen eller någon av de andra.","translation":"He was sulking because he would not be allowed to watch the crane dance, and could not bring himself to say a word either to the gander or to any of the others.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of misslynt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to misslynt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"misslynt","lemma":"misslynt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sulky"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"be allowed to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on misslynt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trandansen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"trandansen","lemma":"trandans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"crane dance"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förmå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förmå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förmå","lemma":"förmå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with se","gloss":"bring himself to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of förmå","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förmå","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"vare","lemma":"vare","morphology":"conjunction","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"whether","note":"Appears in the correlative vare sig ... eller ... (\"whether ... or ...\")."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of säga","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of säga","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gåskarlen","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":60,"label":"20","id":"ch04-p20-s1","source":"Det var bra bittert, att Akka ännu skulle misstro honom.","translation":"It was quite bitter that Akka should still distrust him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bittert","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bittert","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies bittert","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"bittert","lemma":"bittert","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of misstro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of misstro","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies misstro","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"possessor of misstro","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"misstro","lemma":"misstro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on bittert","gloss":"distrust"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of misstro","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch04-p20-s2","source":"När en pojke hade avstått från att bli människa för att få resa omkring med några fattiga vildgäss, så borde de väl begripa, att han inte hade lust att förråda dem.","translation":"When a boy had given up being human in order to travel about with a few poor wild geese, they surely ought to understand that he had no wish to betray them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"så borde de","title":"Resumptive «så»","body":"When a subordinate clause is fronted, Swedish often inserts «så» before the main clause: '«När X..., så borde de...»' = 'When X..., [so] they ought...'. It has no direct English equivalent and is simply dropped in translation."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avstått","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of pojke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pojke","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of avstått","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of avstått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"avstått","lemma":"avstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on resa","gloss":"given up"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on avstått","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vildgäss","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgäss","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vildgäss","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"fattiga","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vildgäss","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"vildgäss","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of resa","gloss":"wild geese"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on begripa","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on resa","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förråda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förråda","lemma":"förråda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"to betray"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of förråda","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch04-p20-s3","source":"Och likaså borde de begripa, att när han hade offrat så mycket för att få följa dem, så var det deras plikt att låta honom se allt märkvärdigt, som de kunde visa honom.","translation":"And just as much they ought to understand that, since he had sacrificed so much to be allowed to follow them, it was their duty to let him see everything remarkable that they could show him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"likaså","lemma":"likaså","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on plikt","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of offrat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of offrat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of offrat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of offrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"offrat","lemma":"offra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies offrat","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"be allowed to"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on offrat","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of följa","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on plikt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to plikt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with plikt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of plikt","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"plikt","lemma":"plikt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on plikt","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with plikt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of se","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on märkvärdigt","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":63,"label":"21","id":"ch04-p21-s1","source":"»Jag får allt lov att säga dem min mening rent ut,» tänkte han.","translation":"»I really must tell them my mind straight out,» he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies får","gloss":"all/everything"},{"surface":"lov","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of får","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on får","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of mening","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"mening","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to får","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s2","source":"Men timme efter timme gick, utan att han kom sig för med att göra det.","translation":"But hour after hour went by, without him bringing himself to do it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"timme","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timme","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"timme","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gick","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"bring himself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s3","source":"Det kan låta märkvärdigt, men pojken hade verkligen fått ett slags respekt för den gamla förargåsen.","translation":"It may sound strange, but the boy had truly come to feel a kind of respect for the old lead-goose.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"förargåsen","title":"«förargåsen»","body":"«förare» ('leader, guide') + «gåsen» ('the goose') — 'the lead-goose', the standard term for the bird that flies at the point of the wedge and leads the flock; here Akka, toward whom the boy's grudging respect keeps growing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"remarkably"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"come to feel"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of slags","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"slags","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of respekt","gloss":"kind of","note":"Genitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'."},{"surface":"respekt","lemma":"respekt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förargåsen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of förargåsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies förargåsen","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"förargåsen","lemma":"förargås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"lead goose"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s4","source":"Det var inte lätt, det kände han, att sätta sig upp mot hennes vilja.","translation":"It was not easy, he felt, to set himself up against her will.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kände","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to lätt","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sätta","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"to set/put"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sätta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sätta","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vilja","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of vilja","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"vilja","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sätta","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":67,"label":"22","id":"ch04-p22-s1","source":"På ena sidan om den sumpiga ängsmarken, där gässen betade, låg en bred stengärdsgård.","translation":"On one side of the marshy meadow where the geese were grazing, there lay a broad stone wall.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"stengärdsgård","title":"«stengärdsgård»","body":"A dry stone wall built without mortar from loose field stones, used across Scandinavia to fence in pastures — a piece of everyday Swedish farm landscape."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sidan","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ängsmarken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sumpiga","lemma":"sumpig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ängsmarken","gloss":"marshy"},{"surface":"ängsmarken","lemma":"ängsmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"the meadow"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of betade","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"betade","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ängsmarken","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stengärdsgård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stengärdsgård","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"stengärdsgård","lemma":"stengärdsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"stone wall"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch04-p22-s2","source":"Och det hände sig nu, att när pojken framemot kvällen lyfte huvudet för att äntligen tala med Akka, föllo hans blickar på denna.","translation":"And it happened now that when the boy, toward evening, raised his head to speak to Akka at last, his eyes fell upon it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hände","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hände","lemma":"hän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hände","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hände","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyfte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking kvällen","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of framemot","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"framemot","lemma":"framemot","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kvällen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"kvällen","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyfte","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on hände","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lyfte","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"föllo","lemma":"föllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to hände","gloss":"fell","note":"Archaic plural past of falla."},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of blickar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"blickar","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"direct object of föllo","gloss":"glances/eyes","note":"Every example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking denna","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies blickar","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch04-p22-s3","source":"Han gav till ett litet rop av förvåning, och alla gässen sågo genast upp och ställde sig att stirra åt samma håll som han.","translation":"He gave a little cry of astonishment, and all the geese at once looked up and turned to stare in the same direction as he did.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let out","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rop","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of rop","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies rop","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gav","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förvåning","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"förvåning","lemma":"förvåning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rop","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gässen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gav","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sågo","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stirra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stirra","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ställde","gloss":"stare"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in that direction","note":"Mostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb."},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stirra","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of han","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying håll","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch04-p22-s4","source":"I första ögonblicket tyckte både de och pojken, att alla de gråa kullerstenarna, som gärdsgården bestod av, hade fått ben under sig och börjat springa, men snart sågo de, att det var en skara råttor, som löpte fram över den.","translation":"For the first instant both they and the boy thought that all the gray cobblestones the wall was built of had grown legs and begun to run, but soon they saw that it was a horde of rats racing along over it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblicket","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögonblicket","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"ögonblicket","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tyckte","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kullerstenarna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kullerstenarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gråa","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kullerstenarna","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"kullerstenarna","lemma":"kullerstenarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"the cobblestones"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of bestod","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gärdsgården","lemma":"gärdsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bestod","gloss":"fence"},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on kullerstenarna","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bestod","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"leg","note":"ben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"börjat","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with fått","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"springa","lemma":"springa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of börjat","gloss":"to run","note":"One cited example uses the homograph springa \"slit/crack\" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb \"to run\"."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fått","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of råttor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of råttor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to råttor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skara","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skara","lemma":"skara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies råttor","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of fått","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of löpte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpte","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on råttor","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies löpte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch04-p22-s5","source":"De rörde sig mycket snabbt och sprungo fram tätt packade, led vid led, och voro så många, att de en god stund täckte hela gärdsgården.","translation":"They moved very fast and ran along tightly packed, rank upon rank, and were so many that for a good while they covered the whole wall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snabbt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"snabbt","lemma":"snabb","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rörde","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with rörde","gloss":"ran","note":"tagged as a noun but is the plural past tense of springa (to run); glossed as its actual meaning."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies packade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies packade","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"packade","lemma":"packa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with packade","gloss":"rank","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking led","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"rank","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with rörde","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of täckte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of täckte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of täckte","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"täckte","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on många","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gärdsgården","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"gärdsgården","lemma":"gärdsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of täckte","gloss":"fence"}]},{"number":72,"label":"23","id":"ch04-p23-s1","source":"Pojken hade varit rädd för råttor, redan när han var en stor, stark människa.","translation":"The boy had been afraid of rats even when he was a big, strong human being.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rädd","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råttor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rädd","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies när","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stor","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on råttor","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies människa","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"human being"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch04-p23-s2","source":"Vad skulle han då inte vara nu, när han var så liten, att två eller tre av dem kunde rå på honom?","translation":"How much more afraid must he be now, when he was so small that two or three of them could overpower him?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skulle","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies nu","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nu","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to nu","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vad","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of liten","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of liten","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to liten","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liten","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Vad","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies dem","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies två","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"subject of rå","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"rå","lemma":"rå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"overpower"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"overpower"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rå","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch04-p23-s3","source":"Den ena rysningen efter den andra for neråt hans rygg, medan han stod och såg på dem.","translation":"Shiver after shiver ran down his back as he stood watching them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rysningen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies rysningen","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"rysningen","lemma":"rysning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shiver"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies rysningen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rygg","gloss":"ran","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of rygg","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rysningen","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying rysningen","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":75,"label":"24","id":"ch04-p24-s1","source":"Men det var märkvärdigt, att gässen tycktes känna samma avsky för råttorna som han.","translation":"But it was strange that the geese seemed to feel the same disgust for the rats as he did.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of märkvärdigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of känna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känna","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on känna","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on märkvärdigt","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of avsky","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"avsky","lemma":"avsky","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of känna","gloss":"disgust"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råttorna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"råttorna","lemma":"råttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of känna","gloss":"the rats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of han","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to råttorna","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch04-p24-s2","source":"De talade inte till dem, och när de voro förbi, skakade de på sig, som om de hade fått dy mellan fjädrarna.","translation":"They did not speak to them, and once they had passed, they shook themselves, as though mud had gotten between their feathers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of talade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies talade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of talade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on skakade","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"skakade","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with talade","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skakade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of skakade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on skakade","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"dy","lemma":"dy","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"mud"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjädrarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"fjädrarna","lemma":"fjädr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"feathers"}]},{"number":77,"label":"25","id":"ch04-p25-s1","source":"»Så mycket gråråttor ute!» sade Yksi från Vassijaure. »Det är inte något gott tecken.»","translation":"»So many gray rats out!» said Yksi of Vassijaure. »That is not a good sign.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Yksi från Vassijaure","title":"«Vassijaure»","body":"Vassijaure is a real lake far north in Swedish Lapland, near the Norwegian border. One of the wild geese carries her home region in her name, a reminder of how far the flock travels each year."}],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gråråttor","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gråråttor","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Yksi","lemma":"Yksi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Yksi"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vassijaure","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Vassijaure","lemma":"Vassijaure","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"Vassijaure"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tecken","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tecken","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tecken","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of tecken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tecken","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"tecken","lemma":"tecken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sign"}]},{"number":78,"label":"26","id":"ch04-p26-s1","source":"Nu ämnade pojken passa på att säga Akka, att han tyckte, att hon borde låta honom följa med till Kullaberg, men han blev hindrad på nytt, därav att en stor fågel helt hastigt slog ner mittibland gässen.","translation":"Now the boy intended to seize the chance to tell Akka that he thought she ought to let him come along to Kullaberg, but he was hindered once again, because a big bird suddenly swooped down right among the geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ämnade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passa","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"passa","lemma":"passa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seize the chance"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on passa","gloss":"seize the chance"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on passa","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"complement of passa","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tyckte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on passa","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of passa","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of följa","gloss":"Kullaberg"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with passa","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"hindrad","lemma":"hindra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"hindered"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"därav","lemma":"därav","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of slog","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slog","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fågel","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase helt","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"swooped down","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mittibland","lemma":"mittibland","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gässen","gloss":"right among","note":"Functions as the preposition 'mittibland' (right in the midst of), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."}]},{"number":79,"label":"27","id":"ch04-p27-s1","source":"När man såg denna fågel, kunde man tro, att han hade lånat kropp, hals och huvud av en liten vit gås.","translation":"Seeing this bird, one might think he had borrowed his body, neck, and head from a little white goose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tro","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågel","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lånat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lånat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lånat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lånat","lemma":"låna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"borrowed"},{"surface":"kropp","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lånat","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"hals","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"coordinated with kropp","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvud","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with kropp","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vit","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vit","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gås","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lånat","gloss":"goose"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch04-p27-s2","source":"Men till allt detta hade han skaffat sig stora, svarta vingar, höga, röda ben och en lång, tjock näbb, som var för stor för det lilla huvudet och tyngde ner det, så att han fick något bekymrat och sorgset i sitt utseende.","translation":"But in addition to all that he had provided himself with great black wings, tall red legs, and a long, thick beak, which was too big for the small head and weighed it down, giving him a somewhat worried and mournful look.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"in addition to"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skaffat","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skaffat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skaffat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skaffat","lemma":"skaffaa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"obtained","note":"Lemma spelled with a doubled final vowel; the modern lemma is 'skaffa' (to get/obtain)."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skaffat","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ben","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ben","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"röda","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ben","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of skaffat","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies lång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies näbb","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"tjock","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"näbb","lemma":"näbb","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ben","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on näbb","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvudet","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of huvudet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huvudet","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stor","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tyngde","lemma":"tyngde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tyngde","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tyngde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of fick","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skaffat","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bekymrat","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"bekymrat","lemma":"bekymrad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of fick","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sorgset","lemma":"sorgs","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bekymrat","gloss":"mournful"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking utseende","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of utseende","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"utseende","lemma":"utseende","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"appearance"}]},{"number":81,"label":"28","id":"ch04-p28-s1","source":"Akka lade hastigt vingtäckarna till rätta och neg mångfaldiga gånger med halsen, när hon gick emot storken.","translation":"Akka quickly smoothed her wing-coverts and bowed her neck many times over as she went toward the stork.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smoothed","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"vingtäckarna","lemma":"vingtäcek","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"her wing-coverts"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"rätta","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"neg","lemma":"neg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with rätta","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"mångfaldiga","lemma":"mångfaldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"many times over"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gick","gloss":"stork"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch04-p28-s2","source":"Hon var inte särdeles förvånad att se honom i Skåne så tidigt på våren, därför att hon visste, att storkhannarna bruka fara ditöver i god tid för att se efter, att boet inte har lidit skada under vintern, innan storkhonorna göra sig besvär att flyga över Östersjön.","translation":"She was not especially surprised to see him in Skåne so early in spring, for she knew that the male storks are used to travel ahead in good time to check that the nest has not been damaged over the winter, before the female storks trouble themselves to fly across the Baltic.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"storkhannarna / storkhonorna","title":"«hane» / «hona»","body":"«hane» and «hona» are the general Swedish words for 'male animal' and 'female animal' (as opposed to «man»/«kvinna» for people). «storkhannarna» = 'the male storks', «storkhonorna» = 'the female storks'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förvånad","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förvånad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"passive auxiliary of förvånad","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"förvånad","lemma":"förvånad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förvånad","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tidigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tidigt","lemma":"tidig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"early","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våren","gloss":"in spring"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tidigt","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förvånad","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bruka","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"storkhannarna","lemma":"storkhannarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bruka","gloss":"the male storks"},{"surface":"bruka","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förvånad","gloss":"are used to","note":"First example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bruka","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"ditöver","lemma":"ditöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"over there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bruka","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bruka","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lidit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"boet","lemma":"bo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lidit","gloss":"the nest"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lidit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lidit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"lidit","lemma":"lidi","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"been damaged"},{"surface":"skada","lemma":"skada","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lidit","gloss":"damage"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vintern","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"vintern","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lidit","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"storkhonorna","lemma":"storkhona","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"the female storks"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lidit","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"besvär","lemma":"besvär","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östersjön","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Östersjön","lemma":"Östersjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of flyga","gloss":"the Baltic Sea"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch04-p28-s3","source":"Men hon undrade mycket vad det kunde ha att betyda, att han sökte upp henne, eftersom storkar helst umgås med folk av deras egen stam.","translation":"But she wondered a great deal what it could mean that he had sought her out, since storks generally keep company with their own kind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies undrade","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of undrade","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of betyda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"betyda","lemma":"betyda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ha","gloss":"to mean"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sökte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ha","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sökte","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of storkar","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"storkar","lemma":"storka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on undrade","gloss":"storks"},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies storkar","gloss":"generally","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"umgås","lemma":"umgås","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of storkar","gloss":"keep company"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking folk","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of umgås","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stam","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of stam","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"egen","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stam","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"stam","lemma":"stam","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"kind"}]},{"number":84,"label":"29","id":"ch04-p29-s1","source":"»Jag kan väl inte tro, att det är något i olag med bostaden, herr Ermenrich,» sade Akka.","translation":"»I surely cannot believe that something is wrong with your home, Mr. Ermenrich,» said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"herr Ermenrich","title":"The stork's name","body":"The stork is named Ermenrich — storks in the book, like the geese, are given individual names and are addressed formally («herr», 'Mr.')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of något","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to något","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olag","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"olag","lemma":"olag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies något","gloss":"wrong","note":"Used in the expression i olag, 'wrong' or 'out of order.'"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bostaden","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bostaden","lemma":"bostad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies olag","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with olag","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on något","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":85,"label":"30","id":"ch04-p30-s1","source":"Det visade sig nu, att det är sant, det, som säges, att en stork sällan kan öppna sin näbb utan att klaga.","translation":"It now turned out to be true, what people say, that a stork can hardly open his beak without complaining.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with visade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"visade","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of visade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sant","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sant","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sant","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"sant","lemma":"sant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of visade","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sant","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive säges","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"säges","lemma":"säge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"is said"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of öppna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stork","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stork","lemma":"stork","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sällan","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"sällan","lemma":"sällan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies öppna","gloss":"seldom"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of öppna","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"öppna","lemma":"öppna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on sant","gloss":"to open"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of näbb","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"näbb","lemma":"näbb","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of öppna","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of klaga","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of klaga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"klaga","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on öppna","gloss":"to complain"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch04-p30-s2","source":"Vad som gjorde, att det, som storken sade, lät ännu bedrövligare, var, att han hade svårt att få fram orden.","translation":"What made what the stork said sound even more mournful was that he had trouble getting the words out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gjorde","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lät","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"storke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the stork"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lät","lemma":"lät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"sounded"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövligare","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"bedrövligare","lemma":"bedrövlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of lät","gloss":"more mournful"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lät","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of lät","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on få","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"orden","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"the words","note":"Surface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag."}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch04-p30-s3","source":"Han stod en lång stund och bara klapprade med näbben och talade sedan med hes och svag röst.","translation":"He stood a long while just clattering with his beak, and then spoke in a hoarse, weak voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klapprade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"klapprade","lemma":"klappra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking näbben","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"näbben","lemma":"näbbe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of klapprade","gloss":"the beak","note":"Mislabeled as plural; näbben is the definite singular of näbb (\"the beak\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies talade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hes","lemma":"hes","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of talade","gloss":"hoarse"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svag","lemma":"svag","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hes","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ch04-p30-s4","source":"Han beklagade sig över allt möjligt: boet, som låg överst på takåsen av Glimmingehus, hade blivit alldeles fördärvat av vinterstormarna, och ingen mat kunde han numera få i Skåne.","translation":"He complained about all sorts of things: the nest, which lay at the very top of the roof-ridge of Glimmingehus, had been completely ruined by the winter storms, and he could no longer get any food in Skåne.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beklagade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"beklagade","lemma":"beklaga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"complained"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of beklagade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies beklagade","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of beklagade","gloss":"all sorts of","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"boet","lemma":"bo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"the nest"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on boet","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"överst","lemma":"överst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"at the very top"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking takåsen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"takåsen","lemma":"takås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"roof ridge"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies takåsen","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fördärvat","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"fördärvat","lemma":"fördärvat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"ruined"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vinterstormarna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"vinterstormarna","lemma":"vinterstorm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies fördärvat","gloss":"the winter storms"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mat","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"numera","lemma":"numera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"nowadays"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"Skåne"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ch04-p30-s5","source":"Skåningarna höllo på att tillägna sig all hans egendom.","translation":"The people of Skåne were busy appropriating all his property.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo på att","title":"Progressive: «hålla på att»","body":"«hålla på att» + infinitive marks an action in progress: 'to be in the process of doing'. Here in its archaic plural form «höllo», it means 'were busy appropriating'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Skåningarna","lemma":"Skåningarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"the Scanian people"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were busy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tillägna","gloss":"busy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tillägna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tillägna","lemma":"tillägna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"to appropriate"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tillägna","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"depends on tillägna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of egendom","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"egendom","lemma":"egendom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tillägna","gloss":"estate"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"ch04-p30-s6","source":"De dikade ut hans sumpmarker och odlade hans mossar.","translation":"They were draining his marshes and cultivating his bogs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of dikade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"dikade","lemma":"dika","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drained"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dikade","gloss":"drain"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of sumpmarker","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sumpmarker","lemma":"sumpmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of dikade","gloss":"marshes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"odlade","lemma":"odla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with dikade","gloss":"cultivating"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of mossar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mossar","lemma":"moss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of odlade","gloss":"bogs"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch04-p30-s7","source":"Han ämnade flytta från detta land och aldrig mer komma tillbaka.","translation":"He intended to leave this land and never come back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ämnade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"flytta","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of ämnade","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ämnade","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ämnade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":92,"label":"31","id":"ch04-p31-s1","source":"Medan storken klagade, kunde Akka, vildgåsen, som ingenstans ägde huld eller skydd, inte låta bli att tänka för sig själv: »Om jag hade det så bra som ni, herr Ermenrich, så skulle jag hålla mig för god att klaga. Ni har förblivit en fri och vild fågel, och ändå står ni så väl hos människorna, att ingen vill lossa ett skott på er eller stjäla ett ägg ur ert bo.»","translation":"While the stork complained, Akka the wild goose, who had nowhere any shelter or protection, could not help thinking to herself: »If I had it as good as you, Mr. Ermenrich, I would think myself above complaining. You have remained a free and wild bird, and yet you stand so well with the people that no one wants to fire a shot at you or steal an egg from your nest.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"huld","title":"«huld»","body":"An archaic, literary word for favor, grace, or shelter — related to English 'hold' in the old sense of 'protection'. Rarely used in ordinary modern Swedish."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"tänka för sig själv","title":"Reflexive «sig»","body":"«sig» is the third-person reflexive pronoun, used regardless of gender/number: «tänka för sig själv» = 'to think to oneself'. It refers back to the sentence's own subject (Akka), unlike «henne» ('her'), which would point to someone else."}],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"Medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klagade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klagade","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"klagade","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"complained"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of Akka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with klagade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgåsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"the wild goose"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ingenstans","lemma":"ingenstans","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"ägde","lemma":"ägde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"huld","lemma":"huld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ägde","gloss":"favor","note":"Archaic in the phrase huld och skydd, meaning favor and protection."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"skydd","lemma":"skydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with huld","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of tänka","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bra","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ni","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with ni","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on hålla","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to consider oneself above"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of klaga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"klaga","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hålla","gloss":"to complain"},{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förblivit","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förblivit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"förblivit","lemma":"förblivit","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fri","lemma":"fri","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fågel","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vild","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fri","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förblivit","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies står","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with förblivit","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of står","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väl","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies står","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hos","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking människorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of står","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lossa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lossa","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lossa","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"lossa","lemma":"lossa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of står","gloss":"to fire"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skott","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lossa","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skott","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"stjäla","lemma":"stjäla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"to steal"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ägg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ägg","lemma":"ägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skott","gloss":"egg"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lossa","gloss":"out of","note":"Functions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb."},{"surface":"ert","lemma":"ert","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of bo","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with lossa","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch04-p31-s2","source":"Men allt detta behöll hon för sig själv.","translation":"But all this she kept to herself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of behöll","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"behöll","lemma":"behöll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of behöll","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of behöll","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"herself"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"ch04-p31-s3","source":"Till storken sade hon endast, att hon inte kunde tro, att han skulle vilja flytta bort från ett hus, där storkar hade haft sitt tillhåll, alltsedan det byggdes.","translation":"To the stork she said only that she could not believe he would want to move away from a house where storks had had their home ever since it was built.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking storken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"sa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"endast","lemma":"endast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on sade","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flytta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flytta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flytta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vilja","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of flytta","gloss":"to want"},{"surface":"flytta","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flytta","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hus","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of flytta","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"storkar","lemma":"storka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"storks"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on hus","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of tillhåll","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"tillhåll","lemma":"tillhåll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"alltsedan","lemma":"alltsedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of byggdes","gloss":"ever since"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive byggdes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"byggdes","lemma":"bygga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with flytta","gloss":"was built"}]},{"number":95,"label":"32","id":"ch04-p32-s1","source":"Då frågade storken hastigt om gässen hade sett gråråttorna, som tågade mot Glimmingehus, och när Akka svarade, att hon hade sett otyget, började han berätta henne om de tappra svartråttorna, som i många år hade försvarat borgen.","translation":"Then the stork asked quickly whether the geese had seen the gray rats marching toward Glimmingehus, and when Akka answered that she had seen the vermin, he began to tell her about the brave black rats, who for many years had defended the castle.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"otyget","title":"«otyget»","body":"A collective, contemptuous word for vermin or pests — «o-» negates «tyg» ('stuff, gear') in the old sense of 'good order', so 'otyg' is 'unruly, worthless stuff', here applied to the rats."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frågade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"storke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"the stork"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frågade","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on frågade","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tågade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tågade","lemma":"tåga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on gråråttorna","gloss":"marched"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of tågade","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svarade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with frågade","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on svarade","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"otyget","lemma":"otyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"vermin"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to frågade","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"berätta","lemma":"berätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of berätta","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svartråttorna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"tappra","lemma":"tappr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies svartråttorna","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of berätta","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of försvarat","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies år","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of försvarat","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försvarat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"försvarat","lemma":"försvara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on svartråttorna","gloss":"defended"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of försvarat","gloss":"castle"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ch04-p32-s2","source":"»Men i denna natt kommer Glimmingehus att falla i gråråttornas våld,» sade storken suckande.","translation":"»But this very night Glimmingehus will fall into the power of the gray rats,» said the stork with a sigh.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking denna","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of natt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of falla","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of falla","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of falla","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of falla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"falla","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to fall"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våld","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"gråråttornas","lemma":"gråråttornas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of våld","gloss":"the gray rats'"},{"surface":"våld","lemma":"våld","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of falla","gloss":"the power"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with falla","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"suckande","lemma":"suckande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of sade","gloss":"sighing"}]},{"number":97,"label":"33","id":"ch04-p33-s1","source":"»Varför just i denna natt, herr Ermenrich?» frågade Akka.","translation":"»Why this very night, Mr. Ermenrich?» asked Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies natt","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies natt","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking natt","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of natt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with natt","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of frågade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":98,"label":"34","id":"ch04-p34-s1","source":"»Jo, därför att nästan alla svartråttorna i går kväll drog till Kullaberg,» sade storken, »eftersom de litade på att alla andra djur också skulle skynda dit. Men ni ser, att gråråttorna har stannat hemma, och nu samlar de sig för att intränga i borgen i natt, när den bara försvaras av några gamla stackare, som inte har orkat följa med till Kullaberg. De kommer nog att nå sitt mål, men i så många år har jag nu levat i grannsämja med svartråttorna, att det inte behagar mig att bo på samma ställe som deras fiender.»","translation":"»Yes, because almost all the black rats went off to Kullaberg last evening,» said the stork, »since they trusted that all the other animals would hurry there too. But you see that the gray rats have stayed at home, and now they are gathering to force their way into the castle tonight, when it is defended only by a few poor old ones who haven't had the strength to go along to Kullaberg. They will most likely reach their goal, but I have now lived in such long neighborly peace with the black rats that it does not please me to live in the same place as their enemies.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"grannsämja","title":"«grannsämja»","body":"A compound of «granne» ('neighbor') and «sämja» ('harmony, concord') — 'neighborly good will'. A tidy literary word for getting along well with those next door."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on drog","gloss":"well/yes","note":"used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt."},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of går","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alla","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttorna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of går","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of går","gloss":"last evening"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on drog","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"kväll","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase går","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"drog","lemma":"drog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of drog","gloss":"Kullaberg"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to drog","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of litade","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of litade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"litade","lemma":"lita","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"trusted"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of skynda","gloss":"rely on"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skynda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of djur","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of skynda","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skynda","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skynda","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"skynda","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on litade","gloss":"to hurry"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skynda","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stannat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stannat","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stannat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"stannat","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of ser","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stannat","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies samlar","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"samlar","lemma":"samla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannat","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of samlar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of samlar","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of intränga","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of intränga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"intränga","lemma":"intränga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on samlar","gloss":"force their way"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borgen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of intränga","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies intränga","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försvaras","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive försvaras","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies försvaras","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"försvaras","lemma":"försvara","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on samlar","gloss":"is defended"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stackare","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stackare","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stackare","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"stackare","lemma":"stackare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of försvaras","gloss":"poor wretches"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of följa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies följa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"orkat","lemma":"orka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies följa","gloss":"had strength to"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on stackare","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kullaberg","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Kullaberg","lemma":"Kullaberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of följa","gloss":"Kullaberg"},{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of nå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nå","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nå","gloss":"most likely"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of nå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"nå","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of mål","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"mål","lemma":"mål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of nå","gloss":"goal"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies år","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with nå","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levat","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"levat","lemma":"levat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"lived","note":"Mistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live')."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grannsämja","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grannsämja","lemma":"grannsämja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"neighborly peace"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of behagar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with behagar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies behagar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behagar","lemma":"behaga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of har","gloss":"pleases"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of behagar","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bo","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on behagar","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"rely on"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bo","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of fiender","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of fiender","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"fiender","lemma":"fiende","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clause modifying ställe","gloss":"enemies"}]},{"number":99,"label":"35","id":"ch04-p35-s1","source":"Akka förstod nu, att storken hade blivit så förargad över gråråttornas handlingssätt, att han hade sökt upp henne för att få beklaga sig över dem.","translation":"Akka now understood that the stork had become so angry over the gray rats' behavior that he had sought her out in order to complain about them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förargad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förargad","lemma":"förargad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"annoyed"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking handlingssätt","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"gråråttornas","lemma":"gråråttornas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of handlingssätt","gloss":"the gray rats'"},{"surface":"handlingssätt","lemma":"handlingssätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of förargad","gloss":"behavior"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sökt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sökt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sökt","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sökt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sökt","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of beklaga","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of beklaga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of beklaga","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"beklaga","lemma":"beklaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sökt","gloss":"complain about"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of beklaga","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of beklaga","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ch04-p35-s2","source":"Men efter storkars sed hade han helt säkert inte gjort något för att förebygga olyckan.","translation":"But according to the ways of storks, he had surely done nothing at all to prevent the disaster.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking storkars","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"storkars","lemma":"storkar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"storks'"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säkert","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förebygga","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förebygga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förebygga","lemma":"förebygga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gjort","gloss":"prevent"},{"surface":"olyckan","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förebygga","gloss":"misfortune"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch04-p35-s3","source":"»Har ni skickat bud efter svartråttorna, herr Ermenrich?» frågade hon.","translation":"»Have you sent word to the black rats, Mr. Ermenrich?» she asked.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skickat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skickat","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"skickat","lemma":"skickada","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"bud","lemma":"bud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skickat","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skickat","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with skickat","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch04-p35-s4","source":"— »Nej,» svarade storken, »det skulle inte tjäna något till. Innan de hinner tillbaka, är borgen redan tagen.»","translation":"— »No,» answered the stork, »that would be no use. Before they can get back, the castle will already be taken.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the stork"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tjäna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tjäna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tjäna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tjäna","lemma":"tjäna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to svarade","gloss":"to be of use","note":"Occurs in the idiom 'tjäna till' = to be of use/serve a purpose."},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tjäna","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tjäna","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"Innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hinner","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hinner","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hinner","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on borgen","gloss":"get through in time"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hinner","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to borgen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tagen","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"tagen","lemma":"tag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies borgen","gloss":"taken"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch04-p35-s5","source":"— »Det ska ni inte vara så säker på, herr Ermenrich,» sade Akka. »Jag känner en gammal vildgås, jag, som gärna vill hindra sådana nidingsdåd.»","translation":"— »You should not be so sure of that, Mr. Ermenrich,» said Akka. »I know an old wild goose, I do, who would very much like to prevent such a wicked deed.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nidingsdåd","title":"«nidingsdåd»","body":"A 'niding-deed' — an act of shameful villainy. «niding» is an old Norse-derived word for a base coward or outlaw without honor; «nidingsdåd» is still the standard literary word for a truly heinous crime."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of säker","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of säker","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säker","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies säker","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to säker","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säker","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"säker","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking säker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with på","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to säker","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känner","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"känner","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vildgås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vildgås","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"vildgås","lemma":"vildgås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of känner","gloss":"wild goose"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vildgås","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hindra","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gärna","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hindra","gloss":"very much","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hindra","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"hindra","lemma":"hindra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on jag","gloss":"to prevent"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies nidingsdåd","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"nidingsdåd","lemma":"nidingsdåd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hindra","gloss":"villainous deeds"}]},{"number":104,"label":"36","id":"ch04-p36-s1","source":"När Akka sade detta, lyfte storken huvudet och såg stort på henne.","translation":"When Akka said this, the stork raised his head and stared wide-eyed at her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lyfte","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lyfte","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lyfte","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"wide-eyed","note":"Adverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"ch04-p36-s2","source":"Och det var ju inte underligt, för gamla Akka hade varken klor eller näbb, som dugde i en strid.","translation":"And that was hardly surprising, for old Akka had neither claws nor beak fit for a fight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with underligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to underligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies underligt","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies underligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"underligt","lemma":"underlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to underligt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"klor","lemma":"kla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"claws","note":"Modern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"näbb","lemma":"näbb","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klor","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of dugde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"dugde","lemma":"dugde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on underligt","gloss":"was fit for","note":"past tense of duga ('to be good/fit for'); mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strid","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of strid","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"strid","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dugde","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch04-p36-s3","source":"Och till på köpet var hon en dagfågel, och så fort mörkret kom, föll hon hjälplöst i sömn, under det att råttorna kämpade just om natten.","translation":"And on top of that she was a daytime bird, and as soon as darkness fell she sank helplessly into sleep, while it was exactly at night that the rats did their fighting.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dagfågel","title":"«dagfågel»","body":"Literally 'day-bird' — an animal active by day rather than at night, the natural-history counterpart of «nattfågel» ('night-bird'). Akka's plan depends on borrowing eyes that work after dark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase Och","gloss":"on top of that"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking köpet","gloss":"on top of that"},{"surface":"köpet","lemma":"köp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Och","gloss":"on top of that","note":"Most examples use the fixed idiom till/på köpet, meaning \"on top of that\", rather than the literal \"the deal\"."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dagfågel","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagfågel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagfågel","lemma":"dagfågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on föll","gloss":"daytime bird"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"mörkret","lemma":"mörker","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with dagfågel","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hjälplöst","lemma":"hjälplös","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of föll","gloss":"helplessly"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sömn","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sömn","lemma":"sömn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hjälplöst","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kämpade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase under","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kämpade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"råttorna","lemma":"råttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kämpade","gloss":"the rats"},{"surface":"kämpade","lemma":"kämpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on föll","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kämpade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking natten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kämpade","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":107,"label":"37","id":"ch04-p37-s1","source":"Men Akka hade tydligen bestämt sig för att bistå svartråttorna.","translation":"But Akka had evidently made up her mind to help the black rats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of bestämt","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bestämt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tydligen","lemma":"tydligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bestämt","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"bestämt","lemma":"bestämma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made up her mind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bestämt","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bistå","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bistå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bistå","lemma":"bistå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bestämt","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bistå","gloss":"black rats"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch04-p37-s2","source":"Hon kallade fram Yksi från Vassijaure och befallde honom att föra gässen upp till Vombsjön, och när gässen gjorde invändningar, sade hon myndigt: »Jag tror, att det blir bäst för oss alla, att ni lyder mig. Jag måste flyga fram till det stora stenhuset, och om ni följer mig, kan det inte undgås, att gårdsfolket får se oss och skjuter ner oss. Den ende, som jag vill föra med mig på denna resa, är Tummetott. Han kan göra mig mycken nytta, därför att han har goda ögon och kan hålla sig vaken om natten.»","translation":"She called Yksi of Vassijaure forward and ordered him to lead the geese up to Lake Vomb, and when the geese raised objections, she said commandingly: »I think it will be best for all of us if you obey me. I must fly ahead to the great stone house, and if you follow me, it cannot be helped that the farm folk will see us and shoot us down. The only one I want to bring with me on this journey is Thumbietot. He can be of great use to me, because he has good eyes and can stay awake at night.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kallade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kallade","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kallade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"Yksi","lemma":"Yksi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kallade","gloss":"Yksi","note":"One of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vassijaure","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Vassijaure","lemma":"Vassijaure","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kallade","gloss":"Vassijaure"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"befallde","lemma":"befallde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kallade","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of befallde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of föra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"föra","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of befallde","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of föra","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on föra","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vombsjön","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Vombsjön","lemma":"Vombsjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of föra","gloss":"Lake Vomb"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kallade","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"invändningar","lemma":"invändning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"objections"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to kallade","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"myndigt","lemma":"myndig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"commandingly"},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blir","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lyder","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"lyder","lemma":"lyda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on blir","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lyder","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flyga","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyga","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenhuset","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stenhuset","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stenhuset","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"stenhuset","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"stone house"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of följer","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följer","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"följer","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flyga","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följer","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of undgås","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of undgås","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies undgås","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"undgås","lemma":"undgås","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with flyga","gloss":"be avoided"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gårdsfolket","lemma":"gårdsfolk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"the farm folk"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on undgås","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skjuter","lemma":"skjuta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with se","gloss":"shoot down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skjuter","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of skjuter","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ende","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ende","lemma":"ende","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of Tummetott","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of föra","gloss":"whom","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föra","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of föra","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"föra","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on ende","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on föra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of föra","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking resa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of resa","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of föra","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Tummetott","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies nytta","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"nytta","lemma":"nytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ögon","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"to stay awake"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"vaken","lemma":"vak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"awake","note":"All four examples in this chunk use \"vaken\" as the adjective (awake), not the noun \"vak\" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be \"awake\" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking natten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":109,"label":"38","id":"ch04-p38-s1","source":"Pojken var i sitt trilska lynne den dagen, och när han hörde vad Akka sade, sträckte han på sig för att bli så stor han kunde och steg fram med händerna på ryggen och näsan i vädret och ämnade säga, att han visst inte ville vara med om att slåss med gråråttor.","translation":"The boy was in his stubborn mood that day, and when he heard what Akka said, he drew himself up to look as tall as he could and stepped forward with his hands on his back and his nose in the air, meaning to say that he certainly did not want to take part in fighting gray rats.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"trilska","title":"«trilska»","body":"An old/dialect word for stubbornness or willfulness — «i sitt trilska lynne» = 'in his obstinate mood'. Not part of everyday modern vocabulary, but common in older prose."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lynne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of lynne","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"trilska","lemma":"trilsk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies lynne","gloss":"stubborn"},{"surface":"lynne","lemma":"lynne","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"mood"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hörde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on hörde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"sträckte","lemma":"sträckte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to var","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sträckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sträckte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sträckte","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bli","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking händerna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"händerna","lemma":"händerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kunde","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kunde","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"näsan","lemma":"näsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ryggen","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vädret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vädret","lemma":"vädret","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kunde","gloss":"the air"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sträckte","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vara","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of slåss","gloss":"take part in"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of slåss","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"slåss","lemma":"slåss","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vara","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gråråttor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slåss","gloss":"gray rats"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ch04-p38-s2","source":"Hon fick se sig om efter hjälp på annat håll.","translation":"She would just have to look elsewhere for help.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hjälp","lemma":"hjälp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase efter","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase efter","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":111,"label":"39","id":"ch04-p39-s1","source":"Men i samma ögonblick, som pojken blev synlig, började storken röra på sig.","translation":"But the very moment the boy became visible, the stork began to stir.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ögonblick","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of blev","gloss":"when","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ögonblick","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"synlig","lemma":"synlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"röra","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"stir"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"stir"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of röra","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"ch04-p39-s2","source":"Förut hade han enligt storkars vana stått med huvudet nerböjt och näbben tryckt emot halsen.","translation":"Until then he had stood, as storks are used to do, with his head bent down and his beak pressed against his neck.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stått","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"enligt","lemma":"enligt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vana","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"storkars","lemma":"storkar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of vana","gloss":"storks'"},{"surface":"vana","lemma":"vana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stått","gloss":"used to do"},{"surface":"stått","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvudet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stått","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"nerböjt","lemma":"nerböj","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of stått","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"näbben","lemma":"näbben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with nerböjt","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"tryckt","lemma":"trycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on stått","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tryckt","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ch04-p39-s3","source":"Men nu hördes det gurgla djupt nere i hans strupe, som om han skulle ha skrattat.","translation":"But now a gurgling could be heard deep down in his throat, as though he were laughing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could be heard"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hördes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gurgla","lemma":"gurgla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"gurgling"},{"surface":"djupt","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strupe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of strupe","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"strupe","lemma":"strupe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hördes","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skrattat","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skrattat","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrattat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skrattat","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of skrattat","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"skrattat","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on strupe","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"ch04-p39-s4","source":"Han sänkte näbben blixtsnabbt, fattade pojken och kastade honom ett par meter upp i luften.","translation":"He lowered his beak like lightning, seized the boy, and tossed him a couple of meters up into the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"näbben","lemma":"näbbe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"blixtsnabbt","lemma":"blixtsnabb","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"like lightning"},{"surface":"fattade","lemma":"fatta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sänkte","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fattade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fattade","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of kastade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies meter","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"meter","lemma":"meter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fattade","gloss":"meters"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meter","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"ch04-p39-s5","source":"Detta konststycke gjorde han om sju gånger, allt under det att pojken skrek och gässen ropade: »Vad tar ni er till, herr Ermenrich? Det är ingen groda. Det är en människa, herr Ermenrich.»","translation":"He repeated this feat seven times over, all the while the boy screamed and the geese called out: »What are you doing, Mr. Ermenrich? That is no frog. That is a human being, Mr. Ermenrich.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"konststycke","title":"«konststycke»","body":"Literally an 'art-piece' — an idiom for a trick, feat, or stunt (compare «konststycken» = 'circus tricks'). Nothing to do with fine art here, just showmanship."}],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of konststycke","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"konststycke","lemma":"konststycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"feat"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"sju","lemma":"sju","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gånger","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of skrek","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase allt","gloss":"all the while"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase under","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skrek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying gånger","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with skrek","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to gjorde","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tar","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tar","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of tar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tar","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with till","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of groda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to groda","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of groda","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"groda","lemma":"groda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"frog"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of människa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to människa","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"herr","lemma":"herr","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on människa","gloss":"Mr."},{"surface":"Ermenrich","lemma":"Ermenrich","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on herr","gloss":"Ermenrich"}]},{"number":116,"label":"40","id":"ch04-p40-s1","source":"Till sist satte ändå storken ner pojken alldeles oskadd.","translation":"At last the stork set the boy down again, quite unharmed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on satte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oskadd","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"oskadd","lemma":"oskadd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"unharmed","note":"Functions as an adjective ('unharmed'), though the backbone tags it as a noun."}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ch04-p40-s2","source":"Därpå sade han till Akka: »Jag flyger nu tillbaka till Glimmingehus, mor Akka. Alla, som bor där, var mycket ängsliga, när jag reste. Ni kan vara viss om att de blir mycket glada, när jag berättar för dem, att Akka, vildgåsen, och Tummetott, människoparveln, kommer efter för att rädda dem.»","translation":"Then he said to Akka: »I am flying back to Glimmingehus now, mother Akka. Everyone who lives there was very anxious when I left. You may be sure they will be very glad when I tell them that Akka the wild goose and Thumbietot the little human are coming along behind to save them.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"människoparveln","title":"«parvel»","body":"«parvel» is an old, affectionate/dismissive word for a small child or urchin. «människoparveln» = 'the little human youngster', the stork's teasing nickname for Nils."}],"words":[{"surface":"Därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyger","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"flyger","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyger","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyger","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of flyger","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Glimmingehus","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Glimmingehus","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Alla","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ängsliga","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ängsliga","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ängsliga","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with bor","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reste","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of reste","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ängsliga","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viss","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of viss","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to viss","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"viss","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certain/sure"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of blir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on viss","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glada","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of berättar","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berättar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"berättar","lemma":"berätta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blir","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of berättar","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Akka","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clausal complement of berättar","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgåsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"the wild goose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"människoparveln","lemma":"människoparvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Tummetott","gloss":"little human"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommer","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rädda","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rädda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rädda","lemma":"rädda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kommer","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of rädda","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":118,"label":"41","id":"ch04-p41-s1","source":"Därmed sträckte storken fram halsen, slog ut med vingarna och satte åstad som pilen, när den far från en hårt spänd båge.","translation":"With that the stork stretched out his neck, spread his wings, and set off like an arrow shot from a taut bow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därmed","lemma":"därmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sträckte","gloss":"with that"},{"surface":"sträckte","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sträckte","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträckte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sträckte","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sträckte","gloss":"spread","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"complement of satte","gloss":"off","note":"Fixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off')."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking pilen","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"pilen","lemma":"pil","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of åstad","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of far","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of far","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on åstad","gloss":"goes","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking båge","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of båge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hårt","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spänd","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"spänd","lemma":"spänd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies båge","gloss":"taut"},{"surface":"båge","lemma":"båge","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of far","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ch04-p41-s2","source":"Akka förstod, att han gjorde narr av henne, men hon lät sig ingenting bekomma.","translation":"Akka understood that he was making fun of her, but she did not let it trouble her at all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"narr","lemma":"narr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"fool","note":"'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"lät","lemma":"lät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjorde","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lät","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies lät","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"bekomma","lemma":"bekomma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lät","gloss":"trouble","note":"Archaic in the expression låta något bekomma sig: to let something affect or trouble one."}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ch04-p41-s3","source":"Hon väntade, tills pojken hade funnit reda på sina träskor, som storken hade skakat av honom; därpå satte hon honom på sin rygg och följde storken.","translation":"She waited until the boy had found his wooden shoes, which the stork had shaken off him; then she set him on her back and followed the stork.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of väntade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funnit","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of funnit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of funnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"funnit","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on väntade","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on funnit","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träskor","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of träskor","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"träskor","lemma":"träska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of funnit","gloss":"clogs"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of skakat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skakat","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skakat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skakat","lemma":"skakat","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"relative clause on träskor","gloss":"had shaken off"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skakat","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to väntade","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rygg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of rygg","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"stork"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch04-p41-s4","source":"Och pojken för sin del gjorde intet motstånd och sade inte ett ord om att han inte ville följa med.","translation":"And the boy, for his part, put up no resistance and did not say a single word about not wanting to come along.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking del","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of del","gloss":"for his part"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"inte","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"no","note":"archaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'."},{"surface":"motstånd","lemma":"motstånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"resistance"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjorde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies följa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying ord","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"ch04-p41-s5","source":"Han hade blivit så ond på storken, att han riktigt satt och fnyste.","translation":"He had grown so angry at the stork that he sat there positively snorting.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ond","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ond","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"angry","note":"ond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking storken","gloss":"angry with"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ond","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on satt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fnyste","lemma":"fnyste","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"snorted"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"ch04-p41-s6","source":"Det där långa rödbenet trodde, att han ingenting dugde till, därför att han var liten, men han skulle allt visa honom vad Nils Holgersson från Västra Vemmenhög var för en karl.","translation":"That long red-leg thought he was good for nothing just because he was small, but he would show him what sort of fellow Nils Holgersson of Västra Vemmenhög was.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Västra Vemmenhög","title":"«Västra Vemmenhög»","body":"Nils's home parish in Skåne, the village he set out from at the very beginning of his journey — a real place, still on the map today, that anchors his adventures in actual Swedish geography."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rödbenet","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rödbenet","lemma":"rödbeen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"the red-leg"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"trodde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Det","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dugde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dugde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dugde","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"dugde","lemma":"dugde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on Det","gloss":"was fit for","note":"past tense of duga ('to be good/fit for'); mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dugde","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of liten","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of liten","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to liten","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Det","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visa","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Nils","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of karl","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"Holgersson","lemma":"Holgersson","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Nils","gloss":"Holgersson"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västra","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Västra","lemma":"Västra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Vemmenhög","gloss":"western","note":"used only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög."},{"surface":"Vemmenhög","lemma":"Vemmenhög","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Nils","gloss":"Vemmenhög"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to karl","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking karl","gloss":"sort of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of karl","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"karl","lemma":"karl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of visa","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":124,"label":"42","id":"ch04-p42-s1","source":"Ett par ögonblick därefter stod Akka i storkboet på Glimmingehus.","translation":"A couple of moments later Akka stood in the stork's nest on Glimmingehus.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ögonblick","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"därefter","lemma":"därefter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ögonblick","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking storkboet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"storkboet","lemma":"storkbo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"stork's nest"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch04-p42-s2","source":"Det var ett stort och präktigt bo.","translation":"It was a large and splendid nest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"präktigt","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with stort","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"ch04-p42-s3","source":"Till underrede hade det ett hjul, och däröver lågo flera varv kvistar och grästuvor.","translation":"For a foundation it had a wheel, and over that lay several layers of twigs and clumps of grass.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"underrede","lemma":"underrede","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"foundation"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hjul","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hjul","lemma":"hjul","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"wheel"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"däröver","lemma":"däröver","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"over that"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies varv","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies varv","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"varv","lemma":"varv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kvistar","gloss":"layers"},{"surface":"kvistar","lemma":"kvist","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"twigs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grästuvor","lemma":"grästuva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kvistar","gloss":"grass clumps"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ch04-p42-s4","source":"Boet var så gammalt, att många buskar och örter hade slagit rot däruppe, och när storkmor låg på ägg i den runda hålan mitt i boet, hade hon inte allenast den granna utsikten över en god del av Skåne att fröjda sig åt, utan hon hade också nyponblommor och taklök att titta på.","translation":"The nest was so old that many bushes and herbs had taken root up there, and when the mother stork lay on her eggs in the round hollow at the center of the nest, she had not only the fine view over a good part of Skåne to delight in, but also rosehip blossoms and houseleek to look at.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"taklök","title":"«taklök»","body":"'Roof-leek' — the houseleek plant (Sempervivum), which really does self-seed on old thatch and stone roofs across Sweden. A nice bit of natural realia growing right in the stork's nest."}],"words":[{"surface":"Boet","lemma":"Boet","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gammalt","gloss":"the nest"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gammalt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gammalt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"gammalt","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slagit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies buskar","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"buskar","lemma":"busk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of slagit","gloss":"bushes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"örter","lemma":"ört","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with buskar","gloss":"herbs"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"slagit","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on gammalt","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"rot","lemma":"rot","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on slagit","gloss":"root"},{"surface":"däruppe","lemma":"däruppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of slagit","gloss":"up there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"storkmor","lemma":"storkmor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"mother stork"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gammalt","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ägg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ägg","lemma":"ägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"egg"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hålan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hålan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"runda","lemma":"rund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies hålan","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"hålan","lemma":"håla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"boet","lemma":"bo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"the nest"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fröjda","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies utsikten","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"allenast","lemma":"allenast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utsikten","gloss":"only","note":"An archaic or formal word for only."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of utsikten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"granna","lemma":"grann","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies utsikten","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"utsikten","lemma":"utsikt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fröjda","gloss":"view"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking del","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of del","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies del","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies utsikten","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies del","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fröjda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fröjda","lemma":"fröjda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gammalt","gloss":"to delight in"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of fröjda","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies fröjda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gammalt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nyponblommor","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"nyponblommor","lemma":"nyponblomma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"rosehip blossoms"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"taklök","lemma":"taklök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with nyponblommor","gloss":"houseleek"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of titta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying nyponblommor","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking titta","gloss":"at"}]},{"number":128,"label":"43","id":"ch04-p43-s1","source":"Både pojken och Akka kunde genast se, att här försiggick något, som vände upp och ner på all vanlig ordning.","translation":"Both the boy and Akka could see at once that something was going on here that turned all the usual order upside down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with pojken","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försiggick","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies försiggick","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"försiggick","lemma":"försiggå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"was going on"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of försiggick","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on försiggick","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ordning","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ordning","gloss":"upside down"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ordning","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vanlig","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ordning","gloss":"ordinary"},{"surface":"ordning","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with försiggick","gloss":"order"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch04-p43-s2","source":"På storkboets kant sutto nämligen två kattugglor, en gammal gråstrimmig katt och ett dussin utgamla råttor med förväxta tänder och rinnande ögon.","translation":"For on the edge of the stork's nest sat two tawny owls, an old gray-striped cat, and a dozen ancient rats with overgrown teeth and watery eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sutto","title":"Archaic plural: «sutto»","body":"«sutto» is the old plural preterite of «sitta» ('sat'); modern Swedish uses «satt» for every person and number."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sutto","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"storkboets","lemma":"storkbo","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of kant","gloss":"the stork nest's"},{"surface":"kant","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sutto","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"sutto","lemma":"sutto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of utgamla","gloss":"sat","note":"Old plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"nämligen","lemma":"nämligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sutto","gloss":"for","note":"Explanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses."},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies kattugglor","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"kattugglor","lemma":"kattuggla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of utgamla","gloss":"tawny owls"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gråstrimmig","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gråstrimmig","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"gråstrimmig","lemma":"gråstrimmig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies katt","gloss":"gray-striped"},{"surface":"katt","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kattugglor","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of dussin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dussin","lemma":"dussin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utgamla","gloss":"dozen"},{"surface":"utgamla","lemma":"utgamla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of utgamla","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tänder","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"förväxta","lemma":"förväxta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tänder","gloss":"overgrown"},{"surface":"tänder","lemma":"tänd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of utgamla","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rinnande","lemma":"rinnande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögon","gloss":"watery"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with tänder","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch04-p43-s3","source":"Det var just inte sådana djur, som man annars får se i fredligt samkväm.","translation":"These were not exactly the kind of animals one usually sees gathered together in peaceful company.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with djur","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to djur","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"annars","lemma":"annars","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"usually"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on djur","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking samkväm","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fredligt","lemma":"fredlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies samkväm","gloss":"peaceful"},{"surface":"samkväm","lemma":"samkväm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"company"}]},{"number":131,"label":"44","id":"ch04-p44-s1","source":"Ingen av dem vände sig om för att se på Akka eller hälsa henne välkommen.","translation":"None of them turned around to look at Akka or bid her welcome.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies Ingen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Really the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vände","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"bid","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies välkommen","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"välkommen","lemma":"välkommen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"welcome"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch04-p44-s2","source":"De tänkte inte på annat än att stirra efter några långa, gråa linjer, som skymtade fram här och där på de vinternakna fälten.","translation":"They could think of nothing but staring after certain long, gray lines that glimpsed here and there across the winter-bare fields.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of stirra","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stirra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stirra","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"stare"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking linjer","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of långa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies linjer","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"gråa","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies linjer","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"linjer","lemma":"linje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stirra","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skymtade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skymtade","lemma":"skymta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on linjer","gloss":"came into view"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skymtade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fälten","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fälten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fälten","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vinternakna","lemma":"vinternakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fälten","gloss":"winter-bare"},{"surface":"fälten","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of skymtade","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":133,"label":"45","id":"ch04-p45-s1","source":"Alla svartråttorna höllo sig tysta.","translation":"All the black rats kept silent.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"Archaic plural: «höllo»","body":"Yet another old plural preterite of «hålla» — «höllo sig tysta» = 'kept themselves quiet'. These forms recur throughout the chapter as a period marker of formal, literary Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttorna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höllo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"tysta","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of höllo","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"ch04-p45-s2","source":"Man kunde se på dem, att de befunno sig i djup förtvivlan och väl visste, att de varken kunde försvara sina egna liv eller borgen.","translation":"One could see by them that they were sunk in deep despair and knew full well that they could defend neither their own lives nor the castle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of befunno","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of befunno","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"befunno","lemma":"befunno","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"were (located)","note":"Archaic plural past tense of befinna sig (they found themselves), not an adjective."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of befunno","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förtvivlan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"djup","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies förtvivlan","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"förtvivlan","lemma":"förtvivlan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of befunno","gloss":"despair"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with befunno","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försvara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of försvara","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försvara","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"försvara","lemma":"försvara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of liv","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"egna","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of försvara","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liv","gloss":"castle"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch04-p45-s3","source":"De båda ugglorna sutto och rullade med sina stora ögon, vredo på ögonkransarna och talade med hemska, skarpa röster om gråråttornas stora grymhet, och att de måste flytta bort ur sitt bo, därför att de hade hört om dem, att de varken skonade ägg eller dunungar.","translation":"The two owls sat rolling their great eyes, twisting their eye-rings, and talking in horrid, sharp voices about the gray rats' great cruelty, and about how they themselves would have to move out of their nest, because they had heard that the gray rats spared neither eggs nor down-chicks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ugglorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ugglorna","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ugglorna","lemma":"ugglorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies sutto","gloss":"the owls"},{"surface":"sutto","lemma":"sutto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic plural past tense of sitta (they sat), not a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rullade","lemma":"rulla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögon","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of ögon","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ögon","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of rullade","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"vredo","lemma":"vredo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying ögon","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonkransarna","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"ögonkransarna","lemma":"ögonkransare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vredo","gloss":"the eye-rings"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with rullade","gloss":"talked","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hemska","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hemska","lemma":"hemsk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of talade","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"skarpa","lemma":"skarep","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies röster","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"röster","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grymhet","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"gråråttornas","lemma":"gråråttornas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of grymhet","gloss":"the gray rats'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies grymhet","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"grymhet","lemma":"grymhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies röster","gloss":"cruelty"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flytta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flytta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flytta","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"flytta","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flytta","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bo","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of bo","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of flytta","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hört","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on flytta","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of hört","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ägg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of ägg","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"skonade","lemma":"skonad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ägg","gloss":"spared"},{"surface":"ägg","lemma":"ägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"in apposition to dem","gloss":"eggs"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"dunungar","lemma":"dunung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ägg","gloss":"downy chicks"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"ch04-p45-s4","source":"Den gamla strimmiga katten var viss om att gråråttorna skulle bita ihjäl honom, när de i så stort antal trängde in i borgen, och han grälade oupphörligen på svartråttorna.","translation":"The old striped cat was certain that the gray rats would bite him to death once they forced their way into the castle in such great numbers, and he quarreled ceaselessly with the black rats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of katten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies katten","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"strimmiga","lemma":"strimmig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies katten","gloss":"striped"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viss","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to viss","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"viss","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certain/sure"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bita","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bita","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bita","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bita","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bita","lemma":"bita","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on viss","gloss":"to bite"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"complement of bita","gloss":"to death"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ihjäl","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trängde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of trängde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies de","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies antal","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"antal","lemma":"antal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies trängde","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"trängde","lemma":"trängdema","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on viss","gloss":"forced into"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trängde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borgen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of grälade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"grälade","lemma":"gräla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with viss","gloss":"quarreled"},{"surface":"oupphörligen","lemma":"oupphörligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grälade","gloss":"ceaselessly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of grälade","gloss":"black rats"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"ch04-p45-s5","source":"»Hur kunde ni vara så dumma och låta era bästa krigare dra bort?» sade han.","translation":"»How could you be so foolish as to let your best warriors go away?» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dumma","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dumma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dumma","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to dumma","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dumma","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"dumma","lemma":"dumm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dumma","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"era","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of krigare","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies krigare","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"krigare","lemma":"krigare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies dra","gloss":"warriors"},{"surface":"dra","lemma":"dra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dumma","gloss":"go away"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dra","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"ch04-p45-s6","source":"»Hur kunde ni lita på gråråttorna? Det är alldeles oförlåtligt.»","translation":"»How could you trust the gray rats? It is quite unforgivable.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lita","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lita","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lita","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"lita","lemma":"lita","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to trust"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gråråttorna","gloss":"rely on"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lita","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of oförlåtligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to oförlåtligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oförlåtligt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"oförlåtligt","lemma":"oförlåtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unforgivable"}]},{"number":139,"label":"46","id":"ch04-p46-s1","source":"De tolv svartråttorna svarade inte ett ord, men storken kunde trots sin bedrövelse inte låta bli att gäckas med katten.","translation":"The twelve black rats did not answer a single word, but the stork, despite his own grief, could not resist teasing the cat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"tolv","lemma":"tolv","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies svartråttorna","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of svarade","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"trots","lemma":"trots","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bedrövelse","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of bedrövelse","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"bedrövelse","lemma":"bedrövelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låta","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with svarade","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gäckas","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gäckas","lemma":"gäcka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"to mock"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking katten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gäckas","gloss":"cat"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"ch04-p46-s2","source":"»Var inte ängslig, Måns huskatt!» sade han.","translation":"»Don't be anxious, Måns the housecat!» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Måns","title":"«Måns»","body":"A traditional Swedish folk-name for a cat, the rough equivalent of English 'Tom' — used here as a generic, slightly mocking form of address rather than the cat's real name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Var","lemma":"var","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ängslig","gloss":"be","note":"\"var\" is both the interrogative/relative adverb \"where\" and the past tense of vara (\"was\"); the parser conflated the two under one type."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ängslig","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ängslig","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies huskatt","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"Måns","lemma":"Måns","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with ängslig","gloss":"Måns"},{"surface":"huskatt","lemma":"huskatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"housecat"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"ch04-p46-s3","source":"»Ser du inte, att mor Akka och Tummetott har kommit hit för att rädda borgen? Du kan vara viss om att det skall lyckas dem. Nu måste jag ställa mig att sova, och jag gör det med största lugn. I morgon, när jag vaknar, finns nog inte en enda gråråtta på Glimmingehus.»","translation":"»Don't you see that mother Akka and Thumbietot have come here to save the castle? You may be sure they will succeed. Now I must settle down to sleep, and I shall do it with the greatest calm. Tomorrow, when I wake, there will surely not be a single gray rat left at Glimmingehus.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ser","lemma":"Ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see","note":"Present tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Ser","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Akka","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Akka","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clausal complement of Ser","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rädda","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rädda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rädda","lemma":"rädda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rädda","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viss","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of viss","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to viss","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"viss","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certain/sure"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckas","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lyckas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skall","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lyckas","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"lyckas","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on viss","gloss":"succeed"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of lyckas","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställa","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ställa","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställa","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to settle down"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ställa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ställa","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ställa","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lugn","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies lugn","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"lugn","lemma":"lugn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gör","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaknar","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vaknar","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on finns","gloss":"wakes"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gråråtta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gråråtta","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"gråråtta","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"gray rat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]},{"number":142,"label":"47","id":"ch04-p47-s1","source":"Pojken blinkade åt Akka och gjorde ett tecken, att han ville knuffa storken ner i backen, när denne nu ställde sig att sova på yttersta kanten av boet med ena benet uppdraget, men Akka hejdade honom.","translation":"The boy winked at Akka and made a sign that he wanted to push the stork down onto the ground, now that he was settling himself to sleep on the very edge of the nest with one leg drawn up, but Akka stopped him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blinkade","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"blinkade","lemma":"blinka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"winked"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of blinkade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blinkade","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of tecken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tecken","lemma":"tecken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of knuffa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of knuffa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of knuffa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"knuffa","lemma":"knuffa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with blinkade","gloss":"to push"},{"surface":"storken","lemma":"stork","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of knuffa","gloss":"stork"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies knuffa","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking backen","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"backen","lemma":"back","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ställde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ställde","gloss":"he","note":"Archaic masculine demonstrative \"denne\" used anaphorically for a previously named male person."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställde","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on knuffa","gloss":"settled down"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ställde","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kanten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"yttersta","lemma":"yttersta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies kanten","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"kanten","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sova","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"boet","lemma":"bo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kanten","gloss":"the nest"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uppdraget","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies benet","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"benet","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies uppdraget","gloss":"leg","note":"ben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context."},{"surface":"uppdraget","lemma":"uppdrage","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kanten","gloss":"drawn up"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hejdade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"hejdade","lemma":"hejda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sova","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hejdade","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"ch04-p47-s2","source":"Hon såg inte alls förargad ut.","translation":"She did not look at all annoyed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förargad","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"förargad","lemma":"förargad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"annoyed"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on förargad","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"ch04-p47-s3","source":"I stället sade hon i belåten ton: »Det vore väl dåligt, om den, som är så gammal som jag, inte skulle kunna reda sig ur värre svårigheter än denna. Om bara ugglemannen och ugglekvinnan, som kan hålla sig vakna hela natten, vill flyga bort med ett par budskap för min räkning, så tänker jag, att allt ska gå väl.»","translation":"Instead she said in a satisfied tone: »It would indeed be a poor thing if someone as old as I could not manage her way out of worse troubles than this. If only the owl-husband and the owl-wife, who can stay awake the whole night, will fly off with a couple of messages on my behalf, I think everything will go well.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ugglemannen och ugglekvinnan","title":"The owl-husband and owl-wife","body":"Akka speaks of the two eagle owls as a married pair using ordinary human kinship terms («man» / «kvinna»), the storybook habit of treating paired animals as husband and wife."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"sa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ton","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"belåten","lemma":"belåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ton","gloss":"satisfied/content","note":"Predicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"tone"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dåligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to dåligt","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dåligt","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"dåligt","lemma":"dålig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kunna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gammal","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gammal","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gammal","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jag","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on gammal","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kunna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kunna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on dåligt","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on kunna","gloss":"manage","note":"Reflexive 'reda sig' = manage, get by."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of reda","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kunna","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"värre","lemma":"värre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies svårigheter","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"svårigheter","lemma":"svårighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kunna","gloss":"difficulties"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of denna","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying svårigheter","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ugglemannen","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ugglemannen","lemma":"ugglemannen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"owl-husband"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ugglekvinnan","lemma":"ugglekvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ugglemannen","gloss":"owl-wife"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on ugglemannen","gloss":"to stay awake"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"vakna","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hålla","gloss":"to wake"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies natten","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vakna","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flyga","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on tänker","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flyga","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking budskap","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies budskap","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"budskap","lemma":"budskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of flyga","gloss":"messages"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking räkning","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of räkning","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"räkning","lemma":"räkning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies budskap","gloss":"behalf"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on tänker","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tänker","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tänker","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":145,"label":"48","id":"ch04-p48-s1","source":"Båda kattugglorna voro villiga, och Akka bad då ugglemannen, att han skulle fara och söka upp de bortresta svartråttorna och råda dem att genast skynda hem.","translation":"Both eagle owls were willing, and Akka asked the owl-husband to go and seek out the black rats who had traveled away, and to advise them to hurry home at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kattugglorna","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"kattugglorna","lemma":"kattugglorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bad","gloss":"the tawny owls"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on bad","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"villiga","lemma":"villig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bad","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with villiga","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"bad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked","note":"Past tense of 'be' (to ask/request)."},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bad","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ugglemannen","lemma":"ugglemannen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bad","gloss":"owl-husband"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to ugglemannen","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with fara","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on söka","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"bortresta","lemma":"bortresta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies svartråttorna","gloss":"traveled away"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of söka","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"råda","lemma":"råda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with söka","gloss":"to advise"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of råda","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skynda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skynda","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"skynda","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on råda","gloss":"to hurry"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skynda","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch04-p48-s2","source":"Ugglekvinnan skickade hon till Flammea, tornugglan, som bodde i Lunds domkyrka, med ett uppdrag, som var så hemligt, att Akka bara med viskande röst vågade anförtro henne det.","translation":"The owl-wife she sent to Flammea, the barn owl, who lived in Lund Cathedral, with a task so secret that Akka dared entrust it to her only in a whispering voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ugglekvinnan","lemma":"Ugglekvinnan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skickade","gloss":"the owl-wife"},{"surface":"skickade","lemma":"skicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skickade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Flammea","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Flammea","lemma":"flammea","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skickade","gloss":"Flammea","note":"proper name of the barn owl character; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"tornugglan","lemma":"tornugglan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Flammea","gloss":"the barn owl"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"boda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Flammea","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking domkyrka","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Lunds","lemma":"Lund","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of domkyrka","gloss":"Lund's","note":"Genitive of the city Lund."},{"surface":"domkyrka","lemma":"domkyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"cathedral"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uppdrag","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of uppdrag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uppdrag","lemma":"uppdrag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hemligt","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hemligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hemligt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hemligt","lemma":"hemlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on uppdrag","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of henne","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of passive henne","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"viskande","lemma":"viskande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"whispering"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies henne","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"anförtro","lemma":"anförtro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"to entrust","note":"Infinitive verb 'anförtro', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of skickade","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of henne","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":147,"label":"49","id":"ch04-p49-s1","source":"RÅTTFÅNGAREN.","translation":"THE RATCATCHER.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Råttfångaren","title":"«Råttfångaren»","body":"'The Ratcatcher' — this section title signals the chapter's turn toward the German legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, whose magic pipe likewise lures rats away from a town under siege."}],"words":[{"surface":"RÅTTFÅNGAREN","lemma":"RÅTTFÅNGAREN","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"THE RATCATCHER"}]},{"number":148,"label":"50","id":"ch04-p50-s1","source":"Det led framemot midnatt, när gråråttorna efter mycket sökande lyckades finna en källarglugg, som stod öppen.","translation":"It was drawing on toward midnight when the gray rats, after much searching, managed to find a cellar vent that stood open.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"källarglugg","title":"«källarglugg»","body":"A small, narrow cellar window or vent, too small for a person but just large enough for rats to squeeze through — a real feature of old stone farm buildings."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of led","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"lea","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"drew on"},{"surface":"framemot","lemma":"framemot","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies midnatt","gloss":"toward","note":"Adverb/preposition of approaching time, e.g. 'toward evening'."},{"surface":"midnatt","lemma":"midnatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies led","gloss":"midnight"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckades","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lyckades","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sökande","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sökande","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"sökande","lemma":"sökande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"oblique complement of lyckades","gloss":"searching"},{"surface":"lyckades","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on led","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lyckades","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of källarglugg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"källarglugg","lemma":"källarglugg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"cellar vent"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on källarglugg","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"öppen","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of stod","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"ch04-p50-s2","source":"Den satt tämligen högt uppe på väggen, men råttorna ställde sig på varandras axlar, och det dröjde inte länge, förrän den modigaste ibland dem satt i gluggen, färdig att tränga in på Glimmingehus, utanför vars murar så många av hennes förfäder hade stupat.","translation":"It sat rather high up on the wall, but the rats stood on one another's shoulders, and it was not long before the boldest among them was sitting in the vent, ready to force her way into Glimmingehus, outside whose walls so many of her ancestors had fallen.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ställde sig","title":"Reflexive «ställa sig»","body":"«ställa sig» means 'to position/place oneself' — the reflexive «sig» is required; without it, «ställa» alone means 'to place (something else)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"tämligen","lemma":"tämligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"fairly"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"väggen","lemma":"vägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"råttorna","lemma":"råttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ställde","gloss":"the rats"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking axlar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"varandras","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of axlar","gloss":"one another's"},{"surface":"axlar","lemma":"axel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dröjde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dröjde","lemma":"dröj","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"was long in coming","note":"Idiomatic: \"det dröjde inte länge\" = \"it was not long before.\""},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies modigaste","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of modigaste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"modigaste","lemma":"modig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on dröjde","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gluggen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gluggen","lemma":"glugg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"vent"},{"surface":"färdig","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of satt","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tränga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tränga","lemma":"tränga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on färdig","gloss":"to force one's way"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tränga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of tränga","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking murar","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"vars","lemma":"vars","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of murar","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"murar","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies murar","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förfäder","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of förfäder","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"förfäder","lemma":"förfäder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies många","gloss":"ancestors"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tränga","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stupat","lemma":"stupa","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"had fallen"}]},{"number":150,"label":"51","id":"ch04-p51-s1","source":"Gråråttan satt en stund stilla i gluggen och väntade, att hon skulle bli anfallen.","translation":"The gray rat sat still for a moment in the vent, waiting to be attacked.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gråråttan","lemma":"Gråråttan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"the gray rat"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gluggen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gluggen","lemma":"glugg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stilla","gloss":"vent"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gluggen","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of satt","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"anfallen","lemma":"anfall","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"attacked"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch04-p51-s2","source":"Försvararnas huvudhär var visserligen borta, men hon antog, att de svartråttor, som funnos kvar i borgen, inte skulle ge sig utan strid.","translation":"The defenders' main host was indeed gone, but she supposed that the black rats still remaining in the castle would not give up without a fight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Försvararnas","lemma":"Försvararnas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of huvudhär","gloss":"the defenders'"},{"surface":"huvudhär","lemma":"huvudhär","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of borta","gloss":"main host"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to borta","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"visserligen","lemma":"visserligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies borta","gloss":"indeed","note":"Concessive adverb, close to \"it's true, but...\"."},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of antog","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"antog","lemma":"antog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with borta","gloss":"supposed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttor","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"svartråttor","lemma":"svartråttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of funnos","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"relative clause on svartråttor","gloss":"existed","note":"Old plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on funnos","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borgen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnos","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on antog","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strid","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"strid","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch04-p51-s3","source":"Med klappande hjärta lyssnade hon efter det minsta buller, men allt förblev tyst.","translation":"With a pounding heart she listened for the slightest noise, but everything remained silent.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hjärta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"klappande","lemma":"klappa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies hjärta","gloss":"pounding"},{"surface":"hjärta","lemma":"hjärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyssnade","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"lyssnade","lemma":"lyssna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lyssnade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking buller","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of buller","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"minsta","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies buller","gloss":"slightest"},{"surface":"buller","lemma":"buller","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyssnade","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of förblev","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"förblev","lemma":"förbli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lyssnade","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"tyst","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of förblev","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"ch04-p51-s4","source":"Då tog gråråttornas anförare mod till sig och hoppade ner i den kolmörka källaren.","translation":"Then the gray rats' leader took her courage in hand and jumped down into the pitch-black cellar.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tog mod till sig","title":"«ta mod till sig»","body":"A set phrase meaning 'to pluck up courage' — literally 'to take courage to oneself'. The reflexive «sig» again shows the action folding back onto the subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"gråråttornas","lemma":"gråråttornas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of anförare","gloss":"the gray rats'"},{"surface":"anförare","lemma":"anförare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"mod","lemma":"mod","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in hand"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hoppade","lemma":"hoppa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hoppade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking källaren","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of källaren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kolmörka","lemma":"kolmörka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies källaren","gloss":"pitch-black"},{"surface":"källaren","lemma":"källar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"the cellar"}]},{"number":154,"label":"52","id":"ch04-p52-s1","source":"Den ena gråråttan efter den andra följde anföraren.","translation":"One gray rat after another followed the leader.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gråråttan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gråråttan","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"gråråttan","lemma":"gråråttan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"the gray rat"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of följde","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"anföraren","lemma":"anförar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"the leader"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"ch04-p52-s2","source":"Alla höllo sig mycket tysta, och alla väntade på försåt av svartråttorna.","translation":"All of them kept very quiet, and all of them expected an ambush from the black rats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höllo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tysta","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"tysta","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of höllo","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of väntade","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with höllo","gloss":"expected","note":"Past tense of the verb 'vänta', mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking försåt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"försåt","lemma":"försåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of väntade","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svartråttorna","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies försåt","gloss":"black rats"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch04-p52-s3","source":"Inte förrän så många av dem hade trängt in i källaren, att golvet inte kunde rymma fler, vågade de sig vidare.","translation":"Not until so many of them had crowded into the cellar that the floor could hold no more did they venture any further.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies många","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of trängt","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies många","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of trängt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"trängt","lemma":"träng","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trängt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking källaren","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"källaren","lemma":"källar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of trängt","gloss":"the cellar"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rymma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"golvet","lemma":"golv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rymma","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies rymma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rymma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"rymma","lemma":"rymma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on trängt","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"fler","lemma":"fler","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rymma","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to trängt","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vågade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vågade","gloss":"further"}]},{"number":157,"label":"53","id":"ch04-p53-s1","source":"Fast de aldrig förr hade varit inne i byggnaden, vållade det dem ingen svårighet att hitta.","translation":"Although they had never been inside the building before, it gave them no difficulty to find their way.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"although","note":"here fast functions as the conjunction 'although,' not as an inflected form of the adjective fast (firm)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on vållade","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking byggnaden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"byggnaden","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of varit","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"vållade","lemma":"vålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"caused"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vållade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of vållade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of svårighet","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"svårighet","lemma":"svårighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vållade","gloss":"difficulty"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hitta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hitta","lemma":"hitta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying svårighet","gloss":"find the way"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"ch04-p53-s2","source":"De letade mycket snart reda på de gångar i murarna, som svartråttorna hade betjänat sig av för att komma till de övre våningarna.","translation":"Very soon they found the passages in the walls that the black rats had used to reach the upper floors.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of letade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"letade","lemma":"leta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snart","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies letade","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on letade","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gångar","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gångar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gångar","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of letade","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking murarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"murarna","lemma":"murarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies gångar","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of betjänat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of betjänat","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of betjänat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"betjänat","lemma":"betjäna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on gångar","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of betjänat","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking som","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on betjänat","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våningarna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of våningarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"övre","lemma":"övre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies våningarna","gloss":"upper"},{"surface":"våningarna","lemma":"våningarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"the floors"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"ch04-p53-s3","source":"Innan de började klättra uppför dessa trånga och branta stigar, lyssnade de åter mycket uppmärksamt.","translation":"Before they began to climb up these narrow, steep paths, they listened once more very carefully.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of började","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of klättra","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"klättra","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on klättra","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stigar","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"trånga","lemma":"trång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stigar","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"branta","lemma":"brant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with trånga","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"stigar","lemma":"stig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of klättra","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"lyssnade","lemma":"lyssna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with klättra","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lyssnade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppmärksamt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"uppmärksamt","lemma":"uppmärksamt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of lyssnade","gloss":"carefully"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch04-p53-s4","source":"De kände sig vida mer förskräckta över att svartråttorna på detta sätt höllo sig undan, än om de hade mött dem i öppen strid.","translation":"They felt far more frightened by the black rats holding themselves hidden this way than they would have if they had met them in open battle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vid","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förskräckta","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"förskräckta","lemma":"förskräckt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of kände","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of höllo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höllo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höllo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höllo","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mött","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mött","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of mött","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mött","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mött","lemma":"mött","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of mött","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"öppen","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies strid","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"strid","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mött","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"ch04-p53-s5","source":"De kunde knappt tro sin lycka, när de kommo upp i den första våningen utan missöden.","translation":"They could hardly believe their luck when they came up into the first floor without mishap.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommo","title":"Archaic plural: «kommo»","body":"«kommo» is the old plural preterite of «komma» ('came'); modern Swedish uses «kom» regardless of subject number."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of lycka","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"lycka","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tro","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tro","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våningen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of våningen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies våningen","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"våningen","lemma":"våning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"missöden","lemma":"missöd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with våningen","gloss":"mishaps"}]},{"number":162,"label":"54","id":"ch04-p54-s1","source":"Genast vid sitt inträde möttes gråråttorna av lukten från säden, som förvarades i stora bingar på golvet.","translation":"As soon as they entered, the gray rats were met by the smell of the grain stored in great bins on the floor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Genast","lemma":"Genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inträde","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inträde","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of inträde","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"inträde","lemma":"inträde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of möttes","gloss":"their entry"},{"surface":"möttes","lemma":"möttes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of möttes","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lukten","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"lukten","lemma":"lukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gråråttorna","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking säden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"säden","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lukten","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive förvarades","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"förvarades","lemma":"förvara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on gråråttorna","gloss":"was stored"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bingar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bingar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"bingar","lemma":"bing","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of förvarades","gloss":"bins"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golvet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"golvet","lemma":"golv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of förvarades","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s2","source":"Men det var ännu inte tid för dem att börja njuta av sin seger.","translation":"But it was not yet time for them to begin enjoying their victory.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tid","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tid","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inte","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of börja","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"börja","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying tid","gloss":"to begin"},{"surface":"njuta","lemma":"njuta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of börja","gloss":"enjoy"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seger","gloss":"enjoy"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of seger","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"seger","lemma":"seger","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of njuta","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s3","source":"De sökte först med största noggrannhet igenom de dystra, nakna rummen.","translation":"First they searched through the gloomy, bare rooms with the greatest care.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sökte","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noggrannhet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies noggrannhet","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"noggrannhet","lemma":"noggrannhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sökte","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"igenom","lemma":"igenom","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sökte","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dystra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"dystra","lemma":"dystr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rummen","gloss":"gloomy"},{"surface":"nakna","lemma":"nakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with dystra","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"rummen","lemma":"rummen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"the rooms"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s4","source":"De sprungo upp i spisen, som stod mittpå golvet i det gamla borgköket, och voro nära att störta ner i brunnen i det inre rummet.","translation":"They ran up into the hearth that stood in the middle of the floor of the old castle kitchen, and came close to tumbling down into the well in the inner room.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sprungo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ran","note":"tagged as a noun but is the plural past tense of springa (to run); glossed as its actual meaning."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spisen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"spisen","lemma":"spis","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sprungo","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"mittpå","lemma":"mittpå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies golvet","gloss":"in the middle of","note":"Functions as the preposition 'mittpå' (in the middle of), mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"golvet","lemma":"golv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borgköket","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of borgköket","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies borgköket","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"borgköket","lemma":"borgkök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"the castle kitchen"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"introduces the clause of störta","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of störta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"störta","lemma":"störta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"to plunge"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies störta","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brunnen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"brunnen","lemma":"brunn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"the well"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rummet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of rummet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inre","lemma":"inre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies rummet","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"rummet","lemma":"rumm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies brunnen","gloss":"room","note":"Older double-m spelling of modern rum."}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s5","source":"Inte en enda av de smala ljusöppningarna lämnade de obesedd, men funno alltjämt inga svartråttor.","translation":"Not one of the narrow light-slits did they leave unexamined, but still they found no black rats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lämnade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies lämnade","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"clause modifying en","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ljusöppningarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ljusöppningarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ljusöppningarna","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"ljusöppningarna","lemma":"ljusöppningarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of enda","gloss":"the light-slits"},{"surface":"lämnade","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lämnade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"obesedd","lemma":"obesedd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lämnade","gloss":"unexamined"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"funno","lemma":"funno","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with lämnade","gloss":"found","note":"Archaic plural past tense of finna \"to find\"; mislabeled as supine."},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funno","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of svartråttor","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"svartråttor","lemma":"svartråttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of funno","gloss":"black rats"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s6","source":"När denna våning var helt och hållet i deras våld, började de att med samma försiktighet bemäktiga sig den nästa.","translation":"When this floor was entirely in their power, they began to take possession of the next one with the same caution.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of helt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of våning","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"våning","lemma":"våning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of helt","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to helt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"entirely","note":"used in the fixed phrase 'helt och hållet' (entirely, completely)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase helt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hållet","lemma":"hållen","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase helt","gloss":"entirely","note":"surface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction')."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våld","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of våld","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"våld","lemma":"våld","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of helt","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bemäktiga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking försiktighet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of försiktighet","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"försiktighet","lemma":"försiktighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bemäktiga","gloss":"caution"},{"surface":"bemäktiga","lemma":"bemäktig","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"seize","note":"'bemäktiga sig' = to take possession of."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bemäktiga","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of nästa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of bemäktiga","gloss":"next"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s7","source":"Åter måste de våga en mödosam och farlig klättring genom murarna, medan de i andlös ängslan väntade, att fienden skulle kasta sig över dem.","translation":"Again they had to risk a laborious and dangerous climb through the walls, while in breathless dread they waited for the enemy to hurl themselves upon them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åter","lemma":"Åter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"adverbial clause on våga","gloss":"again","note":"Mistagged as a noun; this is the adverb åter (\"again\")."},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of våga","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of våga","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"våga","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to dare"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klättring","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mödosam","lemma":"mödosam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies klättring","gloss":"laborious"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"farlig","lemma":"farlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mödosam","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"klättring","lemma":"klättring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of våga","gloss":"climb"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking murarna","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"murarna","lemma":"murarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies klättring","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of väntade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of väntade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ängslan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"andlös","lemma":"andlös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"breathless"},{"surface":"ängslan","lemma":"ängslan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of väntade","gloss":"anxiety"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on våga","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kasta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fienden","lemma":"fiend","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kasta","gloss":"the enemy"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kasta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"kasta","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of våga","gloss":"to throw"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kasta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of kasta","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"ch04-p54-s8","source":"Och fast de lockades av den härligaste lukt från sädesbingarna, tvingade de sig att med största ordning undersöka de forna knektarnas pelarstödda borgstuga, deras stenbord och spisel, de djupa fönsternischerna och hålet i golvet, som man i forna dagar hade tagit upp för att därigenom kunna hälla ner kokande beck över en inträngande fiende.","translation":"And though they were tempted by the most delicious smell from the grain bins, they forced themselves to search with the greatest order through the old soldiers' pillared castle hall, their stone tables and hearths, the deep window niches, and the hole in the floor that in olden days had been made so that boiling pitch could be poured down through it onto an invading enemy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lockades","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive lockades","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lockades","lemma":"locka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on tvingade","gloss":"was lured"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lukt","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lukt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"härligaste","lemma":"härlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies lukt","gloss":"loveliest"},{"surface":"lukt","lemma":"lukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of lockades","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sädesbingarna","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sädesbingarna","lemma":"sädesbing","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies lukt","gloss":"the grain bins"},{"surface":"tvingade","lemma":"tvinga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forced"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tvingade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tvingade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of undersöka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ordning","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies ordning","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"ordning","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of undersöka","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"undersöka","lemma":"undersöka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tvingade","gloss":"to investigate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of knektarnas","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"forna","lemma":"forn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies knektarnas","gloss":"former","note":"forna is the adjective 'of former times'; mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"knektarnas","lemma":"knektarnas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of borgstuga","gloss":"the soldiers'"},{"surface":"pelarstödda","lemma":"pelarstödd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies borgstuga","gloss":"pillared"},{"surface":"borgstuga","lemma":"borgstuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of undersöka","gloss":"castle hall"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of stenbord","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"stenbord","lemma":"stenbord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with borgstuga","gloss":"stone tables"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spisel","lemma":"spisel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stenbord","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fönsternischerna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"djupa","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fönsternischerna","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"fönsternischerna","lemma":"fönsternischerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to borgstuga","gloss":"the window niches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hålet","lemma":"hål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fönsternischerna","gloss":"hole"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golvet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"golvet","lemma":"golv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hålet","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tagit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tagit","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"forna","lemma":"forn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies dagar","gloss":"former","note":"forna is the adjective 'of former times'; mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"dagar","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tagit","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on borgstuga","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tagit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hälla","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hälla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"därigenom","lemma":"därigenom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hälla","gloss":"through it"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of hälla","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hälla","lemma":"hälla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tagit","gloss":"pour down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hälla","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"kokande","lemma":"kokande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies beck","gloss":"boiling"},{"surface":"beck","lemma":"beck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hälla","gloss":"pitch"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiende","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fiende","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inträngande","lemma":"inträngande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies fiende","gloss":"invading"},{"surface":"fiende","lemma":"fiende","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hälla","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":170,"label":"55","id":"ch04-p55-s1","source":"Alltjämt voro svartråttorna osynliga.","translation":"The black rats were still nowhere to be seen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alltjämt","lemma":"Alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies osynliga","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on osynliga","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of osynliga","gloss":"black rats"},{"surface":"osynliga","lemma":"osynlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"invisible"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"ch04-p55-s2","source":"De grå letade sig fram till tredje våningen med borgherrns stora högtidssal, som stod lika kal och naken som alla andra rum i det gamla huset, och de sökte sig till och med upp i översta våningen, som bestod av bara ett stort, ödsligt rum.","translation":"The gray ones felt their way up to the third floor with the lord's great banquet hall, which stood just as bare and naked as every other room in the old house, and they even made their way up to the topmost floor, which consisted of nothing but one large, desolate room.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of grå","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"grå","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of letade","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"letade","lemma":"leta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of letade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies letade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våningen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tredje","lemma":"tre","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies våningen","gloss":"third","note":"Surface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'."},{"surface":"våningen","lemma":"våning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of letade","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borgherrns","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"borgherrns","lemma":"borgherrns","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies våningen","gloss":"the castle lord's"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies högtidssal","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"högtidssal","lemma":"högtidssal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of letade","gloss":"banquet hall"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on högtidssal","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kal","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"kal","lemma":"kal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"bare","note":"Adjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naken","lemma":"nak","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rum","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rum","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rum","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"rum","lemma":"rum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"rooms"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of huset","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huset","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"huset","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies rum","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with letade","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sökte","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våningen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"översta","lemma":"översta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies våningen","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"våningen","lemma":"våning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sökte","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bestod","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on våningen","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rum","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rum","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of rum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies rum","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"ödsligt","lemma":"ödslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with stort","gloss":"desolate"},{"surface":"rum","lemma":"rum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"agent of bestod","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch04-p55-s3","source":"Det enda ställe, som de inte tänkte på att genomforska, var det stora storkboet på taket, där just vid denna tid ugglekvinnan väckte Akka och meddelade henne, att Flammea, tornugglan, hade bifallit hennes begäran och skickat henne det hon önskade.","translation":"The one place they never thought to search was the great stork's nest on the roof, where at that very moment the owl-wife was waking Akka and telling her that Flammea the barn owl had granted her request and sent her what she had asked for.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ställe","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tänkte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taket","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of storkboet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"genomforska","lemma":"genomforska","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive storkboet","gloss":"search thoroughly"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to storkboet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of storkboet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies storkboet","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"storkboet","lemma":"storkbo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"stork's nest"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taket","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"taket","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of storkboet","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väckte","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väckte","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tid","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of väckte","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ugglekvinnan","lemma":"ugglekvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of väckte","gloss":"owl-wife"},{"surface":"väckte","lemma":"väcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on taket","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of väckte","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"meddelade","lemma":"meddela","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with väckte","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of meddelade","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ställe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Flammea","lemma":"flammea","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bifallit","gloss":"Flammea","note":"proper name of the barn owl character; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"tornugglan","lemma":"tornugglan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Flammea","gloss":"the barn owl"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bifallit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bifallit","lemma":"bifalli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with att","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of begäran","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"begäran","lemma":"begäran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bifallit","gloss":"request"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skickat","lemma":"skickaa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with bifallit","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bifallit","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bifallit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of önskade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"önskade","lemma":"önska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"wished"}]},{"number":173,"label":"56","id":"ch04-p56-s1","source":"Sedan gråråttorna så samvetsgrant hade genomforskat hela borgen, kände de sig lugna.","translation":"Once the gray rats had so conscientiously searched through the whole castle, they felt at ease.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"samvetsgrant","lemma":"samvetsgrant","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"conscientiously"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"genomforskat","lemma":"genomforska","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"explored"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies borgen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"borgen","lemma":"borg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt","note":"Past tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"lugna","lemma":"lugen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of kände","gloss":"calm","note":"Mistagged; 'lugna' here is the adjective plural of 'lugn' (calm)."}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"ch04-p56-s2","source":"De förstodo, att svartråttorna hade flytt sin väg och inte tänkte på att göra motstånd, och de sprungo med glatt hjärta upp i sädesbingarna.","translation":"They understood that the black rats had fled and had no thought of putting up resistance, and with glad hearts they scampered up into the grain bins.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of förstodo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"förstodo","lemma":"förstodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"understood","note":"past plural of förstå ('to understand'); mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"svartråttorna","lemma":"svartråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the black rats"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on förstodo","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"flytt","lemma":"flytt","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"indirect object of hade","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"put up"},{"surface":"motstånd","lemma":"motstånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"resistance"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sprungo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with förstodo","gloss":"ran","note":"tagged as a noun but is the plural past tense of springa (to run); glossed as its actual meaning."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hjärta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"glatt","lemma":"glatt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hjärta","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"hjärta","lemma":"hjärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sädesbingarna","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sädesbingarna","lemma":"sädesbing","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"the grain bins"}]},{"number":175,"label":"57","id":"ch04-p57-s1","source":"Men knappt hade gråråttorna sväljt de första vetekornen, förrän nerifrån gården hördes det skarpa ljudet av en liten gäll pipa.","translation":"But scarcely had the gray rats swallowed the first grains of wheat when, from down in the courtyard, the sharp sound of a small shrill pipe was heard.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sväljt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sväljt","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"sväljt","lemma":"svälj","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swallowed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vetekornen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vetekornen","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"vetekornen","lemma":"vetekorn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of sväljt","gloss":"the wheat grains"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"nerifrån","lemma":"nerifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"from below"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"hör","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on sväljt","gloss":"was heard","note":"Passive past of höra, surface hördes."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ljudet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skarpa","lemma":"skarep","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ljudet","gloss":"sharp","note":"Lemma is a variant spelling of 'skarp', sharp."},{"surface":"ljudet","lemma":"ljud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pipa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gäll","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gäll","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"gäll","lemma":"gäll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies pipa","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"pipa","lemma":"pipa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of hördes","gloss":"pipe"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"ch04-p57-s2","source":"Gråråttorna lyfte huvudena från säden, lyssnade oroligt, sprungo ett par steg, som om de ämnade lämna bingen, men vände därpå om och började äta på nytt.","translation":"The gray rats lifted their heads from the grain, listened uneasily, ran a few steps as though meaning to leave the bin, but then turned back and began eating again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gråråttorna","lemma":"Gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lyfte","gloss":"the gray rats"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"huvudena","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking säden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"säden","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of huvudena","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"lyssnade","lemma":"lyssna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lyfte","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"oroligt","lemma":"orolig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyssnade","gloss":"anxiously"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lyfte","gloss":"ran","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo)."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of lämna","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking ämnade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of ämnade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on lämna","gloss":"intended to","note":"Actually the past tense of the verb ämna \"to intend\", mislabeled as an adjective."},{"surface":"lämna","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on steg","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"bingen","lemma":"bing","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämna","gloss":"the grain bin"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lyfte","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of äta","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":177,"label":"58","id":"ch04-p58-s1","source":"Åter ljöd pipan med stark och skärande klang, och nu skedde något märkvärdigt.","translation":"Again the pipe sounded with a strong, piercing note, and now something remarkable happened.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åter","lemma":"Åter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies ljöd","gloss":"again","note":"Mistagged as a noun; this is the adverb åter (\"again\")."},{"surface":"ljöd","lemma":"ljöd","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rang out"},{"surface":"pipan","lemma":"pipa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ljöd","gloss":"pipe"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klang","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies klang","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skärande","lemma":"skärande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with stark","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"klang","lemma":"klang","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ljöd","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skedde","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"skedde","lemma":"skeda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ljöd","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of skedde","gloss":"remarkable"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"ch04-p58-s2","source":"En råtta, två råttor, ja, en hel hop råttor lämnade säden, hoppade ur bingen och skyndade på kortaste väg ner till källaren för att komma ut ur huset.","translation":"One rat, two rats, indeed a whole crowd of rats left the grain, jumped out of the bin, and hurried by the shortest way down to the cellar to get out of the house.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of råtta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"råtta","lemma":"råtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rat"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies råttor","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to råtta","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"in apposition to råttor","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hop","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hel","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hop","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"hop","lemma":"hop","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to råttor","gloss":"crowd","note":"ch22-p80-s4 'en hop trassliga trådar' is a mass/heap of threads, not a crowd."},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lämnade","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"lämnade","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to råtta","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"säden","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lämnade","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"hoppade","lemma":"hoppa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with råtta","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bingen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"bingen","lemma":"bing","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"the grain bin"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hoppade","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väg","gloss":"the shortest way"},{"surface":"kortaste","lemma":"kort","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"shortest"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skyndade","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking källaren","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"källaren","lemma":"källar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"the cellar"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skyndade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huset","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"huset","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"ch04-p58-s3","source":"Ännu voro likväl många gråråttor kvar.","translation":"Still, many gray rats remained.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"still/yet","note":"Actually the adverb 'ännu', mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"likväl","lemma":"likväl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gråråttor","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gråråttor","gloss":"still there"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"ch04-p58-s4","source":"De tänkte på den möda, som det hade kostat dem att vinna Glimmingehus, och de ville inte lämna det.","translation":"They thought of the trouble it had cost them to win Glimmingehus, and they did not want to leave it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking möda","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of möda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"möda","lemma":"möda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kostat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kostat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kostat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kostat","lemma":"kosta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on möda","gloss":"cost"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kostat","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vinna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vinna","lemma":"vinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kostat","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of vinna","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lämna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämna","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lämna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lämna","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kostat","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lämna","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"ch04-p58-s5","source":"Men pipans toner nådde dem än en gång, och de måste följa dem.","translation":"But the notes of the pipe reached them once more, and they had to follow them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pipans","lemma":"pipa","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of toner","gloss":"the pipe's"},{"surface":"toner","lemma":"ton","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of nådde","gloss":"notes"},{"surface":"nådde","lemma":"nåda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of nådde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gång","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nådde","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of följa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with nådde","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of följa","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":182,"label":"","id":"ch04-p58-s6","source":"De störtade med vild iver upp ur bingarna, åkte ner genom de trånga hålen i murarna och tumlade över varandra i sin iver att komma ut.","translation":"They rushed up out of the bins in wild eagerness, tumbled down through the narrow holes in the walls, and stumbled over one another in their eagerness to get out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of störtade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"störtade","lemma":"störta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rushed","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is 'störtade', past tense plural of 'störta', rushed/plunged."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iver","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vild","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies iver","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"iver","lemma":"iva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of störtade","gloss":"eagerness","note":"Parser split 'iver' into two spurious lemmas ('iva'/'iv'); both mean eagerness."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies iver","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bingarna","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"bingarna","lemma":"bingare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"the bins"},{"surface":"åkte","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with störtade","gloss":"tumbled"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies åkte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hålen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hålen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"trånga","lemma":"trång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hålen","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"hålen","lemma":"hål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of åkte","gloss":"holes"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking murarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"murarna","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hålen","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tumlade","lemma":"tumla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with åkte","gloss":"tumbled"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of tumlade","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iver","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of iver","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"iver","lemma":"iva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tumlade","gloss":"eagerness","note":"Parser split 'iver' into two spurious lemmas ('iva'/'iv'); both mean eagerness."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying iver","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":183,"label":"59","id":"ch04-p59-s1","source":"Mittpå gårdsplanen stod en liten parvel, som blåste på en pipa.","translation":"In the middle of the courtyard stood a small youngster, blowing on a pipe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mittpå","lemma":"Mittpå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdsplanen","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"gårdsplanen","lemma":"gårdsplan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of parvel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies parvel","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"parvel","lemma":"parvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"little fellow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blåste","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pipa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of pipa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pipa","lemma":"pipa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blåste","gloss":"pipe"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"ch04-p59-s2","source":"Runt omkring sig hade han redan en hel krets av råttor, som häpna och tjusade lyssnade till honom, och flera kommo till för varje ögonblick.","translation":"Around him he already had a whole circle of rats, listening to him amazed and spellbound, and more came at every moment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies omkring","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of krets","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hel","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies krets","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"krets","lemma":"krets","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"circle"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råttor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råttor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies krets","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of häpna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"häpna","lemma":"häpna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to råttor","gloss":"astonished","note":"Mistagged as noun; it is the plural form of the adjective 'häpen' (astonished)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tjusade","lemma":"tjusa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies lyssnade","gloss":"spellbound"},{"surface":"lyssnade","lemma":"lyssnad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with häpna","gloss":"listened","note":"Past tense of lyssna (\"to listen\"), not an adjective."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lyssnade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ögonblick","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"ch04-p59-s3","source":"En gång tog han pipan från munnen bara för en sekund för att kunna räcka lång näsa åt råttorna, och då såg det ut, som om de hade haft lust att kasta sig över honom och bita ihjäl honom, men så snart han blåste, voro de under hans makt.","translation":"Once he took the pipe from his mouth for just a second to make a long nose at the rats, and then it looked as if they wanted to fling themselves on him and bite him to death, but the moment he blew again, they were under his power.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"räcka lång näsa","title":"«räcka lång näsa»","body":"A set idiom meaning 'to make a long nose' — a mocking, thumb-to-the-nose gesture, the Swedish equivalent of English 'thumbing one's nose' at someone."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"pipan","lemma":"pipan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"the pipe","note":"Pipan is the definite noun 'the pipe,' despite the adverb label."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking munnen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"munnen","lemma":"munn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sekund","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sekund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sekund","lemma":"sekund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of räcka","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of räcka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of räcka","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"räcka","lemma":"räcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tog","gloss":"make a long nose"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies näsa","gloss":"thumb his nose"},{"surface":"näsa","lemma":"näsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of räcka","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råttorna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"råttorna","lemma":"råttore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of räcka","gloss":"the rats"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haft","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of kasta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"kasta","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying lust","gloss":"to throw"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kasta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kasta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bita","lemma":"bita","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kasta","gloss":"to bite"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on bita","gloss":"to death"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bita","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blåste","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blåste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with haft","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"were","note":"Old plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking makt","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of makt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"makt","lemma":"makt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":186,"label":"60","id":"ch04-p60-s1","source":"När parveln hade spelat alla gråråttor ut ur Glimmingehus, började han sakta vandra från gårdsplanen ut på landsvägen, och alla gråråttorna följde honom, därför att tonerna ur den där pipan ljödo så ljuvliga i deras öron, att de inte kunde stå emot dem.","translation":"When the youngster had piped all the gray rats out of Glimmingehus, he began to walk slowly from the courtyard out onto the highway, and all the gray rats followed him, because the notes from that pipe sounded so sweet in their ears that they could not resist them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ljödo","title":"Archaic plural: «ljödo»","body":"«ljödo» is the old plural preterite of «ljuda» ('sounded, rang out'); modern Swedish uses «ljöd» regardless of number — one more of this chapter's many surviving pre-reform verb forms."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of spelat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"parveln","lemma":"parvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of spelat","gloss":"little fellow"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of spelat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"spelat","lemma":"spela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gråråttor","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of spelat","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on spelat","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"Glimmingehus"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sakta","lemma":"sakta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"slowly","note":"sakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten)."},{"surface":"vandra","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sakta","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdsplanen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"gårdsplanen","lemma":"gårdsplan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandra","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandra","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsvägen","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"landsvägen","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"highway"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gråråttorna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gråråttorna","lemma":"gråråttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"the gray rats","note":"Lemma is the fixed definite-plural form as it recurs as a near-proper name for this rat-folk."},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with började","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of ljuvliga","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tonerna","lemma":"tonerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ljuvliga","gloss":"the notes"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tonerna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ljödo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"pipan","lemma":"pipan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ljödo","gloss":"the pipe"},{"surface":"ljödo","lemma":"ljödo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ljuvliga","gloss":"sounded","note":"Ljödo is the historical plural past form of ljuda."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ljuvliga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ljuvliga","lemma":"ljuvlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on följde","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öron","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of öron","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"öron","lemma":"öron","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ljuvliga","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ljuvliga","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stå","gloss":"resist"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of stå","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":187,"label":"61","id":"ch04-p61-s1","source":"Parveln gick före dem och lockade dem med sig på vägen mot Vallby.","translation":"The youngster walked ahead of them and lured them along on the road toward Vallby.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parveln","lemma":"Parvel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the little fellow"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"före","lemma":"före","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lockade","lemma":"locka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"lured"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of lockade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of lockade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lockade","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vallby","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Vallby","lemma":"Vallby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies vägen","gloss":"Vallby"}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"ch04-p61-s2","source":"Han förde dem i alla möjliga slags ringar och krokar och bukter fram genom häckar och ner i diken, och vart han gick, måste de följa efter.","translation":"He led them in all sorts of rings and turns and bends, through hedges and down into ditches, and wherever he went, they had to follow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förde","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"led","note":"Second example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck')."},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of förde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ringar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of slags","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"möjliga","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slags","gloss":"all sorts of"},{"surface":"slags","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of ringar","gloss":"sorts"},{"surface":"ringar","lemma":"ring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of förde","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"krokar","lemma":"krok","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ringar","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bukter","lemma":"bukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with krokar","gloss":"bends"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking häckar","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"häckar","lemma":"häck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of förde","gloss":"hedges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with häckar","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"diken","lemma":"dik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"ditches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on följa","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of följa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förde","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"after"}]},{"number":189,"label":"","id":"ch04-p61-s3","source":"Han blåste oupphörligt på sin pipa, som tycktes vara gjord av ett djurhorn, fast hornet var så litet, att det inte finns något djur i våra dagar, ur vars panna det kunde ha varit brutet.","translation":"He blew ceaselessly on his pipe, which seemed to be made from an animal's horn, though the horn was so small that there is no animal nowadays from whose forehead it could have been cut.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blåste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"oupphörligt","lemma":"oupphörlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of blåste","gloss":"ceaselessly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pipa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of pipa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pipa","lemma":"pipa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blåste","gloss":"pipe"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gjord","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjord","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to gjord","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"gjord","lemma":"gjord","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on pipa","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djurhorn","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of djurhorn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"djurhorn","lemma":"djurhorn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjord","gloss":"animal horn"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies litet","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"hornet","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase fast","gloss":"horn"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to litet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies litet","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with gjord","gloss":"small","note":"this type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"clausal complement of blåste","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of djur","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"animal"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"våra","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of dagar","gloss":"our","note":"Possessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi."},{"surface":"dagar","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking panna","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"vars","lemma":"vars","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of panna","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"panna","lemma":"panna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of brutet","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of brutet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of brutet","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of brutet","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to brutet","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"brutet","lemma":"bruted","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on finns","gloss":"broken off"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"ch04-p61-s4","source":"Ingen visste heller vem som hade tillverkat det.","translation":"Nor did anyone know who had made it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"depends on tillverkat","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tillverkat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tillverkat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tillverkat","lemma":"tillverka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tillverkat","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":191,"label":"","id":"ch04-p61-s5","source":"Flammea, tornugglan, hade funnit det i en nisch i Lunds domkyrkotorn.","translation":"Flammea the barn owl had found it in a niche in the tower of Lund Cathedral.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Flammea","lemma":"flammea","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of funnit","gloss":"Flammea","note":"proper name of the barn owl character; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"tornugglan","lemma":"tornugglan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Flammea","gloss":"the barn owl"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of funnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"funnit","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of funnit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nisch","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of nisch","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nisch","lemma":"nisch","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnit","gloss":"niche"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking domkyrkotorn","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Lunds","lemma":"Lund","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of domkyrkotorn","gloss":"Lund's","note":"Genitive of the city Lund."},{"surface":"domkyrkotorn","lemma":"domkyrkotor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies nisch","gloss":"cathedral tower"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"ch04-p61-s6","source":"Hon hade visat det för Bataki, korpen, och de båda hade räknat ut, att det var ett sådant horn, som brukade tillverkas förr i världen av dem, som ville skaffa sig makt över råttor och möss.","translation":"She had shown it to Bataki the raven, and the two of them had worked out that it was the kind of horn that used to be made, in olden times, by those who wanted to gain power over rats and mice.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bataki, korpen","title":"Bataki the raven","body":"A recurring character from earlier in the book: a wise, somewhat sardonic raven who is Akka's old friend and a source of secret knowledge — here explaining the magic horn's origin."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visat","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of visat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bataki","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Bataki","lemma":"bataki","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of visat","gloss":"Bataki"},{"surface":"korpen","lemma":"korp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Bataki","gloss":"raven"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of båda","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of räknat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"räknat","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with visat","gloss":"worked out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on räknat","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of horn","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of horn","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to horn","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of horn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies horn","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"horn","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on räknat","gloss":"horn"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on horn","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"tillverkas","lemma":"tillverka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"direct object of brukade","gloss":"to be made"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tillverkas","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of brukade","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies världen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skaffa","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skaffa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"skaffa","lemma":"skaffa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"to get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of skaffa","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"makt","lemma":"makt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skaffa","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råttor","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"råttor","lemma":"råtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skaffa","gloss":"rats"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"möss","lemma":"möss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with råttor","gloss":"mice"}]},{"number":193,"label":"","id":"ch04-p61-s7","source":"Men korpen var Akkas vän, och det var av honom, som hon hade fått veta, att Flammea ägde en sådan skatt.","translation":"But the raven was Akka's friend, and it was from him that she had learned that Flammea possessed such a treasure.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"korpen","lemma":"korp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vän","gloss":"raven"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vän","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Akkas","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of vän","gloss":"Akka's"},{"surface":"vän","lemma":"vän","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vän","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of veta","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"learned","note":"\"hade alltid fått lära sig\" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction (\"had always been taught\"), a distinct sense from the permissive \"gotten to\" readings in the other examples."},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on var","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ägde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Flammea","lemma":"flammea","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"Flammea"},{"surface":"ägde","lemma":"ägde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on var","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skatt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skatt","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"skatt","lemma":"skatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ägde","gloss":"treasure"}]},{"number":194,"label":"62","id":"ch04-p62-s1","source":"Och det var sant, att råttorna inte kunde stå emot pipan.","translation":"And it was true that the rats could not resist the pipe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sant","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sant","lemma":"sant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"råttorna","lemma":"råttorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"the rats"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on sant","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stå","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"pipan","lemma":"pipan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"the pipe"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"ch04-p62-s2","source":"Pojken gick före dem och spelade, så länge som stjärnljuset varade, och hela tiden följde de honom.","translation":"The boy walked ahead of them and played for as long as the starlight lasted, and the whole time they followed him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"före","lemma":"före","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spelade","lemma":"spela","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spelade","gloss":"for as long as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of varade","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"stjärnljuset","lemma":"stjärnljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of varade","gloss":"the starlight"},{"surface":"varade","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on spelade","gloss":"lasted"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies tiden","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of följde","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to gick","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"ch04-p62-s3","source":"Han spelade i gryningen, han spelade i soluppgången, och alltjämt följde hela skaran av gråråttor efter honom och lockades allt längre och längre bort från de stora sädesloften på Glimmingehus.","translation":"He played at dawn, he played at sunrise, and all the while the whole horde of gray rats followed after him, lured farther and farther away from the great grain lofts of Glimmingehus.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of spelade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"spelade","lemma":"spela","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gryningen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"gryningen","lemma":"gryning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of spelade","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of spelade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"spelade","lemma":"spela","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to spelade","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soluppgången","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"soluppgången","lemma":"soluppgång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of spelade","gloss":"sunrise"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies följde","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with spelade","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skaran","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"skaran","lemma":"skara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gråråttor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gråråttor","lemma":"gråråtta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of följde","gloss":"gray rats"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of följde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lockades","lemma":"locka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with spelade","gloss":"was lured"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lockades","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lockades","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies lockades","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sädesloften","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sädesloften","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sädesloften","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"sädesloften","lemma":"sädesloft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bort","gloss":"the grain lofts"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Glimmingehus","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Glimmingehus","lemma":"Glimmingehus","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies sädesloften","gloss":"Glimmingehus"}]}]}