{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch10","title":{"source":"Resa till Öland","translated":"Journey to Öland"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch10","lines":103},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch09","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch11","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch10-p1-s1","source":"Vildgässen foro ut på en skärgårdsö för att beta.","translation":"The wild geese went out to an island in the skerries to graze.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"foro","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «foro»","body":"«foro» is the pre-1906-reform plural preterite of «fara» ('to go/travel'); the singular would be «for». Modern Swedish dropped plural verb agreement entirely, but Lagerlöf's original text still marks it — a small flag that this is period, not modern, prose."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"skärgårdsö","title":"«skärgård» — the skerries","body":"A «skärgård» is a skerry archipelago, the belt of small rocky islands that fringes much of Sweden's coast. «skärgårdsö» = 'skerry island', one of countless such islets the geese use as stepping stones."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of skärgårdsö","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Vildgässen","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vildgässen","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skärgårdsö","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skärgårdsö","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skärgårdsö","lemma":"skärgårdsö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"skerry island"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of beta","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of beta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"beta","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skärgårdsö","gloss":"graze"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s2","source":"De råkade där tillsammans med några grågäss, och dessa blevo förvånade att se dem, eftersom de mycket väl visste, att deras fränder vildgässen helst fara fram över det inre av landet.","translation":"There they happened to meet some greylag geese, and these were astonished to see them, since they knew very well that their kinsfolk the wild geese preferred to travel over the interior of the land.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blevo","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «blevo»","body":"Another pre-reform plural form, from «bli» ('to become'); singular would be «blev». Look for these -o endings throughout the chapter whenever the subject is plural — «voro», «gingo», «höllo» all work the same way."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"grågäss","title":"«grågås» — the greylag goose","body":"The «grågås» (greylag goose) is a wild relative of the domestic goose, distinct from Akka's flock; it is a settled native bird, unlike the migrating «vildgäss», which explains its surprise at meeting travelers headed the wrong way."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened to meet"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"tillsammans","lemma":"tillsammans","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grågäss","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grågäss","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of grågäss","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"grågäss","lemma":"grågäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of råkade","gloss":"greylag geese"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of förvånade","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förvånade","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli (\"to become\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"förvånade","lemma":"förvåna","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural, nominative","role":"coordinated with råkade","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förvånade","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väl","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on råkade","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vildgässen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of fränder","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"fränder","lemma":"fränder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies vildgässen","gloss":"kinsfolk"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"preferred","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visste","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inre","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of inre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inre","lemma":"inre","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the interior"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies inre","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s3","source":"De voro nyfikna och frågvisa och nöjde sig inte med mindre, än att vildgässen berättade om den förföljelse, som de hade att utstå av Smirre räv.","translation":"They were curious and full of questions and would not be satisfied with less than the wild geese telling them about the persecution they had to endure from Smirre Fox.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «voro»","body":"Plural past tense of «vara» ('to be'); the singular counterpart is «var». This chapter uses it constantly — a register marker of formal, old-fashioned narration rather than any special meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of nyfikna","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies nyfikna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"nyfikna","lemma":"nyfiken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frågvisa","lemma":"frågvisa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with nyfikna","gloss":"inquisitive"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nöjde","lemma":"nöjde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with nyfikna","gloss":"contented (oneself)"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of nöjde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nöjde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mindre","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mindre","lemma":"lite","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nyfikna","gloss":"less","note":"Surface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre)."},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of berättade","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of berättade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berättade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"berättade","lemma":"berätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on nyfikna","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förföljelse","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of förföljelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förföljelse","lemma":"förföljelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of berättade","gloss":"persecution"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on förföljelse","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of utstå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"utstå","lemma":"utstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"to endure"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking räv","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Smirre","lemma":"smirre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"possessor of räv","gloss":"Smirre","note":"Name of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective."},{"surface":"räv","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utstå","gloss":"fox"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s4","source":"När de hade slutat, sade en grågås, som tycktes vara lika gammal och lika klok som själva Akka: »Det var en stor olycka för er, att räven blev förklarad fredlös i sitt eget land.","translation":"When they had finished, a greylag goose who seemed to be just as old and just as wise as Akka herself said: \"It was a great misfortune for you that the fox was declared an outlaw in his own country.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fredlös","title":"«fredlös» — outlaw","body":"Literally 'peace-less': someone placed outside the protection of the law, a term with roots in old Scandinavian law codes. Smirre the fox has been formally outlawed by the other animals, which is why he now hunts the geese out of pure spite."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slutat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slutat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slutat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"slutat","lemma":"sluta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grågås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grågås","lemma":"grågås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gammal","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies gammal","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to gammal","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gammal","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on grågås","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klok","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"klok","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gammal","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Akka","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"herself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on gammal","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of olycka","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to olycka","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of olycka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies olycka","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies olycka","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fredlös","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"räven","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fredlös","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"passive auxiliary of fredlös","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"förklarad","lemma":"förklara","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fredlös","gloss":"declared"},{"surface":"fredlös","lemma":"fredlös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with olycka","gloss":"an outlaw"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of land","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"eget","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fredlös","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s5","source":"Han kommer säkert att hålla sitt ord och följa er ända opp till Lappland.","translation":"He is certain to keep his word and follow you all the way up to Lapland.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to keep"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of ord","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hålla","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of följa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opp","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of följa","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lappland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Lappland","lemma":"Lappland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of opp","gloss":"Lapland"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s6","source":"Om jag vore som ni, skulle jag inte fara norrut över Småland, utan i stället ta den yttre vägen till Öland, så att han alldeles mister spåret.","translation":"If I were you, I would not travel north over Småland, but instead take the outer route to Öland, so that he loses the trail entirely.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vore","title":"Subjunctive «vore»","body":"«vore» is the old subjunctive of «vara», used in unreal conditions ('if I were'); modern spoken Swedish mostly replaces it with «var», but «vore» survives in careful and literary style, exactly as here."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Småland","title":"«Småland»","body":"A real landscape («landskap») in southern Sweden, known historically for poor, stony farmland and heavy emigration — one of the many actual Swedish provinces the geese's route threads together."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vore","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vore","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"adverbial clause on ta","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of vore","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"northward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Småland","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Småland","lemma":"Småland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"Småland"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"yttre","lemma":"yttre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies vägen","gloss":"outer"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of mister","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of mister","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mister","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"mister","lemma":"mist","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ta","gloss":"loses"},{"surface":"spåret","lemma":"spår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of mister","gloss":"track/trace"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s7","source":"För att riktigt villa bort honom bör ni stanna ett par dar på Ölands södra udde.","translation":"To really throw him off the trail, you ought to stay a couple of days on the southern point of Öland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Öland","title":"«Öland»","body":"Öland is Sweden's second-largest island, a long, flat limestone landscape in the Baltic Sea off the southeast coast — a real stop on the route the geese and Nils actually take north."}],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of villa","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of villa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies villa","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"villa","lemma":"villa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stanna","gloss":"throw off track"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on villa","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of villa","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"bör","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stanna","gloss":"ought to"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"d","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stanna","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking udde","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ölands","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of udde","gloss":"Öland's","note":"Swedish island."},{"surface":"södra","lemma":"södra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies udde","gloss":"southern"},{"surface":"udde","lemma":"udde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dar","gloss":"point","note":"a headland/point of land."}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s8","source":"Där finns det gott om mat och gott om sällskap.","translation":"There is plenty of food there and plenty of company.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mat","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"plenty"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sällskap","lemma":"sällskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with mat","gloss":"company"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch10-p1-s9","source":"Jag tror inte, att ni ska ångra er, om ni far ditöver.»","translation":"I don't think you will regret it, if you travel over there.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ångra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ångra","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ångra","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ångra","lemma":"ångra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"to regret"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ångra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of far","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of far","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ångra","gloss":"travels/flies","note":"Vildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means."},{"surface":"ditöver","lemma":"ditöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"over there"}]},{"number":10,"label":"3","id":"ch10-p3-s1","source":"Detta var verkligen ett klokt råd, och vildgässen beslöto att följa det.","translation":"This was truly wise advice, and the wild geese decided to follow it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"beslöto","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «beslöto»","body":"From «besluta» ('to decide'); the pre-reform plural ending -o again marks a plural subject, here «vildgässen»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of råd","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to råd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råd","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of råd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klokt","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies råd","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"råd","lemma":"råd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beslöto","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"beslöto","lemma":"beslöto","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with råd","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on beslöto","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of följa","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch10-p3-s2","source":"Så snart de hade ätit sig väl mätta, började de färden till Öland.","translation":"As soon as they had eaten themselves well full, they began the journey to Öland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ätit sig väl mätta","title":"Reflexive «sig» with a result","body":"«äta sig mätt» uses the reflexive pronoun «sig» to mean 'eat oneself full' — a common Swedish pattern where a reflexive verb plus an adjective describes the state reached by the action, here intensified by «väl» ('thoroughly')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ätit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ätit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ätit","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"eaten"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ätit","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mätta","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"mätta","lemma":"mätta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of ätit","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"färden","lemma":"färd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of började","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"Öland"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch10-p3-s3","source":"Ingen av dem hade någonsin varit där förut, men grågåsen hade givit dem goda vägmärken.","translation":"None of them had ever been there before, but the greylag goose had given them good landmarks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies Ingen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"någonsin","lemma":"någonsin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förut","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of givit","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of givit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"givit","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with varit","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of vägmärken","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vägmärken","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"vägmärken","lemma":"vägmärken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of givit","gloss":"landmarks"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch10-p3-s4","source":"De hade bara att resa rätt mot söder, tills de råkade det stora fågelsträcket, som gick fram utanför Blekingskusten.","translation":"They only had to travel straight toward the south, until they came upon the great bird migration that passed along outside the coast of Blekinge.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Blekingskusten","title":"«Blekinge»","body":"Blekinge is a small coastal «landskap» in southeastern Sweden, between Skåne and Öland — another real waypoint stitched into the geese's northward route."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of resa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of resa","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking söder","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of råkade","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"came upon"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of fågelsträcket","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fågelsträcket","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"fågelsträcket","lemma":"fågelsträck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of råkade","gloss":"the bird migration"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Blekingskusten","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"Blekingskusten","lemma":"blekingskust","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"Blekinge coast"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch10-p3-s5","source":"Alla de fåglar, som hade vinterbostad vid Västerhavet och nu ämnade sig till Finland och Ryssland, flögo fram där, och de brukade alla i förbifarten slå ner på Öland för att vila.","translation":"All the birds that had their winter home by the North Sea and now intended to go to Finland and Russia flew along there, and they all used to stop off at Öland in passing to rest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Västerhavet","title":"«Västerhavet» — 'the Western Sea'","body":"The traditional Swedish name for the Kattegat/Skagerrak, the North Sea waters west of Sweden, contrasted here with the Baltic route east toward Finland and Russia."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"flögo","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «flögo»","body":"From «flyga» ('to fly'); singular «flög». Another instance of the pre-reform plural verb ending this chapter uses throughout."}],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglar","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fåglar","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vinterbostad","lemma":"vinterbostad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"winter home"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västerhavet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Västerhavet","lemma":"Västerhav","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the North Sea"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ämnade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ämnade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Finland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Finland","lemma":"Finland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ämnade","gloss":"Finland"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ryssland","lemma":"Ryssland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Finland","gloss":"Russia"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flögo","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of brukade","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förbifarten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"förbifarten","lemma":"förbifart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies alla","gloss":"passing","note":"used in 'i förbifarten' = in passing."},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of brukade","gloss":"stop off"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vila","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vila","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on slå","gloss":"to rest"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch10-p3-s6","source":"Vildgässen skulle inte få svårt att finna vägvisare.","translation":"The wild geese would not have any difficulty finding guides.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of få","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"vägvisare","lemma":"vägvisare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"guides"}]},{"number":16,"label":"5","id":"ch10-p5-s1","source":"Den dagen var det alldeles stilla och varmt som på en sommardag, det bästa väder man kunde tänka sig för en sjöresa.","translation":"That day it was completely calm and warm as on a summer day, the best weather one could imagine for a sea crossing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stilla","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stilla","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stilla","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stilla","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"varmt","lemma":"varm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with stilla","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sommardag","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommardag","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sommardag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sommardag","lemma":"sommardag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stilla","gloss":"summer day"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of väder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"parallel clause to stilla","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on väder","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tänka","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjöresa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sjöresa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sjöresa","lemma":"sjöresa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänka","gloss":"sea crossing"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch10-p5-s2","source":"Det enda betänkliga var, att det inte var fullt klart, utan grå och beslöjad himmel.","translation":"The only worrying thing was that it was not fully clear, but a gray and veiled sky.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of var","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies betänkliga","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"betänkliga","lemma":"betänklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"worrying"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klart","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of klart","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies klart","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klart","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"fullt","lemma":"full","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klart","gloss":"fully","note":"Adverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'."},{"surface":"klart","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"grå","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies himmel","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beslöjad","lemma":"beslöjad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with grå","gloss":"veiled"},{"surface":"himmel","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klart","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch10-p5-s3","source":"Här och där stodo väldiga molnmassor, som hängde ända ner mot havsytan och skymde utsikten.","translation":"Here and there stood enormous cloud masses that hung all the way down toward the sea's surface and blocked the view.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"stodo","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «stodo»","body":"From «stå» ('to stand'); singular «stod». Same pre-reform pattern as «foro», «voro», «flögo» elsewhere in the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Här","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Här","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"modifies molnmassor","gloss":"stood","note":"Historical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense."},{"surface":"väldiga","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies molnmassor","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"molnmassor","lemma":"molnmassa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cloud masses"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hänga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on molnmassor","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ner","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hängde","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havsytan","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"havsytan","lemma":"havsyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hängde","gloss":"sea's surface"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skymde","lemma":"skymde","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with havsytan","gloss":"blocked","note":"Past tense of the verb 'skymma' (to block/obscure); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"utsikten","lemma":"utsikt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skymde","gloss":"view"}]},{"number":19,"label":"7","id":"ch10-p7-s1","source":"När de resande voro komna utanför skären, bredde havet ut sig så jämnt och speglande, att pojken, då han råkade se neråt, tyckte, att vattnet var försvunnet.","translation":"When the travelers had come out beyond the skerries, the sea spread itself out so smooth and mirror-like that the boy, when he happened to look down, thought that the water had disappeared.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro komna","title":"Pluperfect with «vara»: «voro komna»","body":"Verbs of motion like «komma» often form their perfect tenses with «vara» rather than «ha»: «voro komna» is a plural pluperfect, 'had come'. The plural «voro» again marks the subject «de resande» as more than one."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komna","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of resande","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"resande","lemma":"resande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the travelers"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on komna","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara \"to be\"; mislabeled as pronoun."},{"surface":"komna","lemma":"komn","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"adverbial clause on bredde","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skären","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"skären","lemma":"skär","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komna","gloss":"skerries"},{"surface":"bredde","lemma":"bredde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bredde","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jämnt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"jämnt","lemma":"jämn","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bredde","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"speglande","lemma":"speglande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with jämnt","gloss":"mirror-still"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"happened to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of bredde","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with se","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försvunnet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of försvunnet","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to försvunnet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"försvunnet","lemma":"försvunn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"disappeared"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch10-p7-s2","source":"Det fanns ingen jord mer under honom.","translation":"There was no longer any ground beneath him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of jord","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"jord","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch10-p7-s3","source":"Han hade inte något annat än moln och himmel omkring sig.","translation":"He had nothing but cloud and sky around him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of annat","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking moln","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"moln","lemma":"moln","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"himmel","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with moln","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch10-p7-s4","source":"Han blev alldeles huvudyr och klämde sig fast vid gåsryggen ängsligare, än när han satt där första gången.","translation":"He became completely dizzy and clung fast to the goose's back more anxiously than when he had sat there the first time.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"huvudyr","title":"«huvudyr» — dizzy","body":"Literally 'head-dizzy' («huvud» + «yr»), a compound describing lightheadedness or vertigo — here brought on by the sheer, groundless view of sea and sky."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies huvudyr","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"huvudyr","lemma":"huvudyr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"dizzy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klämde","lemma":"klämde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"clung"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of klämde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klämde","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"goose's back"},{"surface":"ängsligare","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"anxiously"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"gången","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch10-p7-s5","source":"Det var, som om han omöjligt kunde hålla sig kvar: han måste falla åt något håll.","translation":"It was as if it were impossible for him to hold on: he had to fall in some direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ,","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to hold on"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of falla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of falla","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"falla","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to hålla","gloss":"to fall"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of falla","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":24,"label":"9","id":"ch10-p9-s1","source":"Det blev än värre, när de nådde fram till det stora fågelsträcket, som grågåsen hade talat om.","translation":"It grew even worse when they reached the great bird migration that the greylag goose had spoken of.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of värre","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"värre","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nådde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of nådde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nådde","lemma":"nådde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nådde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fågelsträcket","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of fågelsträcket","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fågelsträcket","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"fågelsträcket","lemma":"fågelsträcket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nådde","gloss":"the bird migration"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of talat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of talat","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of talat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"talat","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"in apposition to nådde","gloss":"talked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking talat","gloss":"about"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch10-p9-s2","source":"Där kom verkligen flock efter flock flygande i alldeles samma riktning.","translation":"There, truly, flock after flock came flying in exactly the same direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flock","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"flygande","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of kom","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riktning","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies samma","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of riktning","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"riktning","lemma":"riktning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch10-p9-s3","source":"De liksom följde en utstakad väg.","translation":"They seemed to be following a marked-out path.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies följde","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on De","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of väg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"utstakad","lemma":"utstakad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"marked-out"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch10-p9-s4","source":"Det var änder och grågäss, svärtor och grisslor, lommar och alfågel, skrakar och doppingar, strandskator och sjöorrar.","translation":"There were ducks and greylag geese, scoters and guillemots, loons and long-tailed ducks, mergansers and grebes, oystercatchers and black scoters.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"svärtor, grisslor, lommar, alfågel, skrakar, doppingar, strandskator, sjöorrar","title":"A roll call of Swedish waterbirds","body":"Lagerlöf names eight coastal and sea birds in a row — «svärta» (common scoter), «grissla» (guillemot), «lom» (loon/diver), «alfågel» (long-tailed duck), «skrak» (merganser), «dopping» (grebe), «strandskata» (oystercatcher), «sjöorre» (black/velvet scoter) — turning the migration itself into a small lesson in Swedish bird names."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of änder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to änder","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"änder","lemma":"änd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ducks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grågäss","lemma":"grågäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with änder","gloss":"greylag geese"},{"surface":"svärtor","lemma":"svärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grågäss","gloss":"scoters"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grisslor","lemma":"grissla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grågäss","gloss":"guillemots"},{"surface":"lommar","lemma":"lomm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grågäss","gloss":"loons"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alfågel","lemma":"alfågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with grågäss","gloss":"long-tailed duck"},{"surface":"skrakar","lemma":"skraka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with änder","gloss":"mergansers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"doppingar","lemma":"dopping","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with änder","gloss":"grebes"},{"surface":"strandskator","lemma":"strandskator","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with änder","gloss":"oystercatchers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sjöorrar","lemma":"sjöorer","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with änder","gloss":"scoters"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch10-p9-s5","source":"Men när nu pojken böjde sig framöver och tittade åt det håll, där havet borde ligga, såg han hela fågeltåget avspeglat i vattnet.","translation":"But when the boy now leaned forward and looked toward the direction where the sea ought to lie, he saw the whole procession of birds reflected in the water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of böjde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies böjde","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of böjde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"böjde","lemma":"böja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of böjde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"framöver","lemma":"framöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies böjde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tittade","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with böjde","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tittade","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on håll","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked')."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fågeltåget","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"fågeltåget","lemma":"fågeltåg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"the bird procession"},{"surface":"avspeglat","lemma":"avspegla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"reflected"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch10-p9-s6","source":"Men han var så yr, att han inte förstod hur detta kom sig, utan tyckte, att hela fågelskaran flög med buken uppåt.","translation":"But he was so dizzy that he did not understand how this came about, but thought that the whole flock of birds was flying with its belly upward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of yr","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to yr","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies yr","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"yr","lemma":"yr","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dizzy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förstod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of yr","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with förstod","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flög","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fågelskaran","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"fågelskaran","lemma":"fågelskaran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flög","gloss":"the flock of birds"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking buken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"buken","lemma":"buk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flög","gloss":"upward"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch10-p9-s7","source":"Han undrade ändå inte mycket över detta, för han visste inte själv vad som var upp, och vad som var ner.","translation":"Still, he did not wonder much about this, for he himself did not know what was up and what was down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies undrade","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies undrade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies undrade","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of undrade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on undrade","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on var","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of var","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on var","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on var","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of var","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with visste","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":31,"label":"11","id":"ch10-p11-s1","source":"Fåglarna voro uttröttade och otåliga att komma fram.","translation":"The birds were worn out and impatient to arrive.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fåglarna","lemma":"Fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of uttröttade","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on uttröttade","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"uttröttade","lemma":"uttrötta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"otåliga","lemma":"otålig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with uttröttade","gloss":"impatient"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on uttröttade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch10-p11-s2","source":"Ingen av dem skrek eller sade ett lustigt ord, och det gjorde, att allting föreföll så besynnerligt overkligt.","translation":"None of them screamed or said a merry word, and that made everything seem so strangely unreal.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies Ingen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"screamed"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skrek","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lustigt","lemma":"lustig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ord","gloss":"amusing"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skrek","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of föreföll","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"allting","lemma":"allting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of föreföll","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"föreföll","lemma":"förefölal","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"clausal complement of gjorde","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besynnerligt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"besynnerligt","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies overkligt","gloss":"strangely"},{"surface":"overkligt","lemma":"overklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of föreföll","gloss":"unreal"}]},{"number":33,"label":"13","id":"ch10-p13-s1","source":"»Tänk, om vi har farit bort ifrån jorden!» sade han till sig själv.","translation":"\"Just think, if we have journeyed away from the earth!\" he said to himself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sig själv","title":"Reflexive «sig» + «själv»","body":"«sade... till sig själv» = 'said to himself'. «sig» is the third-person reflexive pronoun (used for he/she/it/they alike), and «själv» ('self') is added for emphasis, exactly as English doubles up on 'him-self'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tänk","lemma":"Tänk","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of farit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of Tänk","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on farit","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of farit","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch10-p13-s2","source":"»Tänk, om vi håller på att resa opp till himlen!»","translation":"\"Just think, if we are in the middle of traveling up to heaven!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"håller på att","title":"«hålla på att» + infinitive","body":"«hålla på att» plus an infinitive marks an action in progress, like English '-ing': «håller på att resa» = 'are in the process of traveling'. It is one of the standard ways Swedish builds a progressive sense without a dedicated progressive tense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tänk","lemma":"Tänk","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of håller","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of håller","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"håller","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on Tänk","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on håller","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of resa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on håller","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on resa","gloss":"up","note":"Mistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, \"up\"."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of opp","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":35,"label":"15","id":"ch10-p15-s1","source":"Han såg ingenting annat än moln och fåglar omkring sig och började hålla det för rimligt, att de foro mot himlen.","translation":"He saw nothing but cloud and birds around him and began to consider it likely that they were traveling toward heaven.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking moln","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"moln","lemma":"moln","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with moln","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"modifies fåglar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to consider"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies rimligt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"rimligt","lemma":"rimlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"likely"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of foro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hålla","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch10-p15-s2","source":"Han blev glad och undrade vad han skulle få se däruppe.","translation":"He became glad and wondered what he would get to see up there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with glad","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"däruppe","lemma":"däruppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"up there"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch10-p15-s3","source":"Yrseln gick över på en gång.","translation":"The dizziness passed off all at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yrseln","lemma":"Yrseln","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the dizziness"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch10-p15-s4","source":"Han blev så förfärligt glad vid tanken på att han for upp till himlen och lämnade jorden.","translation":"He grew so terribly glad at the thought that he was traveling up to heaven and leaving the earth behind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tanken","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tanken","lemma":"tanke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of himlen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of himlen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive himlen","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies himlen","gloss":"was traveling","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tanken","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lämnade","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with himlen","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnade","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":39,"label":"17","id":"ch10-p17-s1","source":"I detsamma hörde han ett par knallande skott och såg ett par små vita rökpelare stiga upp.","translation":"At that same moment he heard a couple of banging shots and saw a couple of small white columns of smoke rise up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detsamma","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"detsamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"that same moment"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies knallande","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"knallande","lemma":"knallande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies skott","gloss":"banging"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hörde","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies rökpelare","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rökpelare","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rökpelare","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"rökpelare","lemma":"rökpelare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stiga","gloss":"columns of smoke"},{"surface":"stiga","lemma":"stiga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"to rise"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stiga","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":40,"label":"19","id":"ch10-p19-s1","source":"Det blev oro och uppståndelse bland fåglarna.","translation":"There was unrest and commotion among the birds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"commotion"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uppståndelse","lemma":"uppståndelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with oro","gloss":"commotion"},{"surface":"bland","lemma":"bland","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglarna","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"the birds"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch10-p19-s2","source":"»Skyttar! Skyttar! Skyttar i båtarna!» ropade de.","translation":"\"Gunners! Gunners! Gunners in the boats!\" they cried.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Skyttar","title":"«skytt» — gunner/shooter","body":"A «skytt» is one who shoots — here hunters lying in boats to fire on the migrating birds, a real and dangerous hazard on this crossing that the greylag goose's warning earlier in the chapter had not covered."}],"words":[{"surface":"Skyttar","lemma":"Skyttar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of Skyttar","gloss":"gunners"},{"surface":"Skyttar","lemma":"Skyttar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gunners"},{"surface":"Skyttar","lemma":"Skytta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gunners"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking båtarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"båtarna","lemma":"båtarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of Skyttar","gloss":"the boats"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch10-p19-s3","source":"»Flyg högt! Flyg undan!»","translation":"\"Fly high! Fly clear!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Flyg","lemma":"flyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of högt","gloss":"fly!","note":"surfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun."},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"Flyg","lemma":"flyg","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Flyg","gloss":"clear"}]},{"number":43,"label":"21","id":"ch10-p21-s1","source":"Då såg pojken äntligen, att de alltjämt foro fram över havsytan, och att de alls inte voro i himlen.","translation":"Then the boy finally saw that they were still traveling along over the sea's surface, and that they were not in heaven at all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of foro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of foro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havsytan","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"havsytan","lemma":"havsyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"sea's surface"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara \"to be\"; mislabeled as pronoun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch10-p21-s2","source":"I en lång rad lågo små båtar, fyllda av skyttar, som lossade skott på skott.","translation":"In a long row lay small boats, filled with gunners who kept firing shot after shot.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lågo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rad","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rad","lemma":"rad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"row"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies båtar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"båtar","lemma":"båt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive lågo","gloss":"boats"},{"surface":"fyllda","lemma":"fylla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying båtar","gloss":"filled","note":"past participle of fylla (to fill), tagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skyttar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"skyttar","lemma":"skytt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of fyllda","gloss":"gunners"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of lossade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"lossade","lemma":"lossa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on skyttar","gloss":"fired"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lossade","gloss":"shots"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skott","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lossade","gloss":"shot"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch10-p21-s3","source":"De främsta fågelflockarna hade inte märkt dem i tid.","translation":"The foremost flocks of birds had not noticed them in time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fågelflockarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"främsta","lemma":"främst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies fågelflockarna","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"fågelflockarna","lemma":"fågelflock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of märkt","gloss":"flocks of birds"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of märkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies märkt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"märkt","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of märkt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in time"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of märkt","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch10-p21-s4","source":"De hade hållit för lågt.","translation":"They had kept too low.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lågt","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"lågt","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hållit","gloss":"low"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch10-p21-s5","source":"Flera mörka kroppar sjönko ner mot havet, och för var och en, som föll, höjdes höga jämmerskrik av de levande.","translation":"Several dark bodies sank down toward the sea, and for each one that fell, loud cries of anguish rose up from the living.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höjdes","title":"S-passive: «höjdes»","body":"The «-s» ending turns «höja» ('to raise') into a passive: «höjdes» = 'was/were raised'. Swedish forms much of its passive voice this way, by simply adding «-s» to the verb, instead of an auxiliary plus participle as in English."}],"words":[{"surface":"Flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kroppar","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"mörka","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kroppar","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"kroppar","lemma":"kroppa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive sjönko","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"sjönko","lemma":"sjönko","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sank down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sjönko","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking var","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"var","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"depends on föll","gloss":"each","note":"\"var\" is both the interrogative/relative adverb \"where\" and the past tense of vara (\"was\"); the parser conflated the two under one type."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sjönko","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"höjdes","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with sjönko","gloss":"were raised"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies jämmerskrik","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"jämmerskrik","lemma":"jämmerskrik","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höjdes","gloss":"cries of anguish"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking levande","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of levande","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"levande","lemma":"levande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"agent of höjdes","gloss":"living"}]},{"number":48,"label":"23","id":"ch10-p23-s1","source":"Det var besynnerligt för den, som nyss trodde sig vara i himlen, att vakna upp till sådan skräck och jämmer.","translation":"It was strange for one who a moment ago believed himself to be in heaven to wake up to such terror and lamentation.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of besynnerligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to besynnerligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"besynnerligt","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of besynnerligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nyss","lemma":"nyss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of trodde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of trodde","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vara","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vakna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vakna","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of trodde","gloss":"to wake"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vakna","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skräck","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skräck","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"skräck","lemma":"skräck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vakna","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jämmer","lemma":"jämmer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skräck","gloss":"lamentation","note":"Mistagged as a verb by the parser; it is the noun 'jämmer' (lament, wailing)."}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch10-p23-s2","source":"Akka sköt mot höjden så raskt hon kunde, och sedan satte flocken av med största möjliga fart.","translation":"Akka shot upward as quickly as she could, and then the flock set off at the greatest possible speed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sköt","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sköt","lemma":"sköt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höjden","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"höjden","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sköt","gloss":"height"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies raskt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"raskt","lemma":"rask","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunde","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sköt","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on satte","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fart","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"möjliga","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"speed"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch10-p23-s3","source":"Vildgässen kommo också oskadda undan, men pojken kunde inte hämta sig från sin förvåning.","translation":"The wild geese also got away unharmed, but the boy could not recover from his astonishment.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommo","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «kommo»","body":"From «komma» ('to come'); singular «kom». One more example of the pre-reform plural verb ending running through the whole chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oskadda","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"oskadda","lemma":"oskadda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommo","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hämta","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hämta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hämta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hämta","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"to fetch"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hämta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förvåning","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of förvåning","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"förvåning","lemma":"förvåning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hämta","gloss":"astonishment"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch10-p23-s4","source":"Tänk, att någon kunde vilja skjuta på sådana som Akka och Yksi och Kaksi och gåskarlen och de andra!","translation":"Just think, that anyone could want to shoot at ones like Akka and Yksi and Kaksi and the gander and the others!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tänk","lemma":"Tänk","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skjuta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skjuta","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skjuta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vilja","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of skjuta","gloss":"to want"},{"surface":"skjuta","lemma":"skjuta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Tänk","gloss":"shoot"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on skjuta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of skjuta","gloss":"such","note":"Colloquial/old plural of sådan ('such')."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Akka","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"in apposition to sådana","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Yksi","lemma":"Yksi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"Yksi","note":"One of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Kaksi","lemma":"Kaksi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kaksi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Kaksi","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch10-p23-s5","source":"Människorna hade inte något begrepp om vad de gjorde.","translation":"The humans had no idea at all what they were doing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Människorna","lemma":"Människorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of begrepp","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"begrepp","lemma":"begrepp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying begrepp","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":53,"label":"25","id":"ch10-p25-s1","source":"Så bar det framåt igen i den stilla luften, och det var tyst som nyss förut, med undantag av att några uttröttade fåglar då och då ropade: »Är vi inte framme snart?","translation":"So it carried them onward again through the still air, and it was quiet as it had just been before, except that some worn-out birds now and then called out: \"Aren't we there soon?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"ba","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried","note":"Tagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära (\"carried\"), not the present."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of luften","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of igen","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tyst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tyst","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tyst","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bar","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nyss","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nyss","lemma":"nyss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förut","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyst","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"undantag","lemma":"undantag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"exception"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking fåglar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"uttröttade","lemma":"uttrötta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fåglar","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tyst","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of ropade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase då","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fåglar","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to framme","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of framme","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies framme","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"framme","lemma":"framme","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there","note":"'vara framme' = to have arrived/be at the front."},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies framme","gloss":"soon"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch10-p25-s2","source":"Är ni säkra på att vi håller rätt väg?»","translation":"Are you certain that we are keeping to the right way?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to säkra","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säkra","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"säkra","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of håller","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of håller","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of håller","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"håller","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on säkra","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of håller","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch10-p25-s3","source":"Härpå svarade de, som flögo i spetsen: »Vi far rätt mot Öland, rätt mot Öland.»","translation":"To this the ones flying at the front answered: \"We are going straight toward Öland, straight toward Öland.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Härpå","lemma":"Härpå","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"at this","note":"Adverb 'härpå' (thereupon/to this), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spetsen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"spetsen","lemma":"spetse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"front/head","note":"i spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line)."},{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of far","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"goes","note":"'far' = travels/goes (present tense of 'fara')."},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Öland","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"Öland"}]},{"number":56,"label":"27","id":"ch10-p27-s1","source":"Gräsänderna voro trötta, och lommarna foro om dem.","translation":"The mallards were tired, and the loons went past them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gräsänderna","lemma":"Gräsänderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the mallards"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Gräsänderna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"trötta","lemma":"trött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies Gräsänderna","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lommarna","lemma":"lommarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"the loons"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Gräsänderna","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on foro","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch10-p27-s2","source":"»Ha inte så bråttom!» ropade då änderna.","translation":"\"Don't be in such a hurry!\" the ducks called out then.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ha","lemma":"Ha","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"subject of bråttom","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Ha","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bråttom","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"bråttom","lemma":"bråttom","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in a hurry"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"änderna","lemma":"ände","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"the ducks"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch10-p27-s3","source":"»Ni äter opp all maten för oss.»","translation":"\"You are eating up all the food ahead of us.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"äter opp","title":"«äta opp» — particle verb","body":"«äta» ('to eat') plus the particle «opp» (an older spelling of «upp», 'up') forms a particle verb meaning 'to eat up, finish off'. Particle verbs like this pack a small everyday image — food being used up entirely — into two short words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of äter","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"äter","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on äter","gloss":"up","note":"mistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'."},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of äter","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"maten","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of äter","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"ahead of"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of äter","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch10-p27-s4","source":"— »Den räcker till både för er och oss,» svarade lommarna.","translation":"—\"There's enough for both you and us,\" the loons answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räcker","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"räcker","lemma":"räcka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is enough"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of räcker","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to räcker","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"lommarna","lemma":"lomma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the loons"}]},{"number":60,"label":"29","id":"ch10-p29-s1","source":"Innan de ännu hade hunnit så långt, att de sågo Öland, kom en svag vind emot dem.","translation":"Before they had yet gotten so far that they could see Öland, a faint wind came toward them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hunnit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hunnit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hunnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hunnit","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"gotten so far"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hunnit","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vind","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svag","lemma":"svag","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vind","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"vind","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch10-p29-s2","source":"Den förde med sig något, som liknade väldiga massor av vit rök, alldeles som skulle det vara stor eldsvåda någonstans.","translation":"It carried with it something that resembled enormous masses of white smoke, exactly as if there were a great fire somewhere.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"förde","lemma":"förde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of förde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förde","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of massor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"liknade","lemma":"likna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies massor","gloss":"resembled","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'liknade'/'likna' are forms of the verb 'likna' (to resemble)."},{"surface":"väldiga","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies massor","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"massor","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to något","gloss":"masses/lots"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rök","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rök","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies massor","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stor","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies eldsvåda","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"eldsvåda","lemma":"eldsvåda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to förde","gloss":"fire","note":"A conflagration/house fire, distinct from a controlled hearth fire."},{"surface":"någonstans","lemma":"någonstans","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"somewhere"}]},{"number":62,"label":"31","id":"ch10-p31-s1","source":"När fåglarna sågo de första vita virvlarna, blevo de ängsliga och ökade farten.","translation":"When the birds saw the first white swirls, they grew anxious and increased their speed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blevo","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of virvlarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies virvlarna","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies virvlarna","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"virvlarna","lemma":"virvlarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"the swirls"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of farten","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"ängsliga","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies farten","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ökade","lemma":"öka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ängsliga","gloss":"increased"},{"surface":"farten","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"speed"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch10-p31-s2","source":"Men det där, som var likt en rök, bolmade fram allt tätare, och till sist omvärvde det dem alldeles.","translation":"But that thing, which was like smoke, billowed forward ever thicker, and at last it enveloped them completely.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies det","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of likt","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to likt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"likt","lemma":"likt","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rök","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of likt","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"bolmade","lemma":"bolma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with likt","gloss":"billowed"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bolmade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tätare","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"tätare","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies bolmade","gloss":"denser"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies och","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"omvärvde","lemma":"omvärva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"enveloped"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies till","gloss":"quite"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch10-p31-s3","source":"Ingen lukt kändes, och röken var inte mörk och torr, utan vit och fuktig.","translation":"No smell could be felt, and the smoke was not dark and dry, but white and damp.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lukt","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"lukt","lemma":"lukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of mörk","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"kändes","lemma":"kändes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies lukt","gloss":"was felt"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of mörk","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to mörk","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies mörk","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mörk","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"torr","lemma":"torr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mörk","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"preposition marking vit","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mörk","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fuktig","lemma":"fuktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"damp"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch10-p31-s4","source":"Pojken förstod helt hastigt, att det inte var annat än dimma.","translation":"The boy suddenly understood that it was nothing other than fog.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"suddenly","note":"adverbial neuter form 'hastigt' used as 'suddenly'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dimma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dimma","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dimma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies dimma","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dimma","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"dimma","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"fog"}]},{"number":66,"label":"33","id":"ch10-p33-s1","source":"Då dimman blev så tät, att man inte kunde se en gåslängd framför sig, började fåglarna bära sig åt som riktiga galningar.","translation":"When the fog grew so thick that one could not see a goose-length ahead, the birds began to behave like real madmen.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en gåslängd","title":"«en gåslängd» — 'a goose-length'","body":"A homemade unit of distance, the length of one goose, used the way English might say 'you couldn't see a hand in front of your face' — a small, birds-eye joke of a measurement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimman","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tät","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tät","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of blev","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåslängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gåslängd","lemma":"gåslängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"goose-length"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"modifies gåslängd","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"bära","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bära","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bära","gloss":"in that way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of galningar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"riktiga","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies galningar","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"galningar","lemma":"galning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of bära","gloss":"madmen"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch10-p33-s2","source":"Alla dessa, som förut hade farit fram med så god ordning, började leka i dimman.","translation":"All these, who had before traveled along in such good order, began to play about in the fog.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dessa","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on dessa","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on farit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ordning","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ordning","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ordning","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"leka","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to play"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimman","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of leka","gloss":"the fog"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch10-p33-s3","source":"De flögo härs och tvärs för att locka varandra vilse.","translation":"They flew this way and that to lure one another astray.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"härs","lemma":"härs","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tvärs","lemma":"tvärs","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with härs","gloss":"this way and that"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of locka","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of locka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"locka","lemma":"locka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on flögo","gloss":"lure/tempt"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of locka","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"vilse","lemma":"vilse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of locka","gloss":"astray"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch10-p33-s4","source":"»Akta er!» ropade de.","translation":"\"Watch out!\" they cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akta","lemma":"Akta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"watch out!","note":"imperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Akta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch10-p33-s5","source":"»Ni far ju bara runt.","translation":"\"Why, you're only going around in circles.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of far","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes","note":"'far' = travels/goes (present tense of 'fara')."},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies far","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch10-p33-s6","source":"Vänd om för all del!","translation":"Turn back, by all means!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vänd","lemma":"Vända","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turn back"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Vänd","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking del","gloss":"by all means"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of del","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Vänd","gloss":"part"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch10-p33-s7","source":"Inte kommer ni till Öland på det där sättet.»","translation":"You won't get to Öland that way.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Inte kommer ni","title":"V2: negation fronted, subject inverted","body":"Because Swedish is verb-second, putting «Inte» ('Not') in first position forces the finite verb «kommer» to follow it directly, with the subject «ni» pushed after — 'Not come you to Öland that way', unlike the fixed subject-verb-negation order of the English translation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sättet","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":73,"label":"35","id":"ch10-p35-s1","source":"Alla visste mycket väl var de hade ön, men de gjorde sitt bästa för att villa bort varandra.","translation":"Everyone knew very well where the island lay, but they did their best to lead one another astray.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väl","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hade","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"the island","note":"Definite noun 'ön' (the island); mistagged as pronoun."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with visste","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of bästa","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of villa","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of villa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"villa","lemma":"villa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"throw off track"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on villa","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of villa","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch10-p35-s2","source":"»Se på de där alorna!» ljöd det i dimman.","translation":"\"Look at those long-tailed ducks over there!\" a voice sounded in the fog.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"alorna","title":"«alorna» — dialect for long-tailed ducks","body":"«alorna» comes from «al»/«ale», an old regional folk name for the «alfågel» (the long-tailed duck) along this coast; Lagerlöf lets the birds' own regional vocabulary color their calls."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alorna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of alorna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alorna","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"alorna","lemma":"alorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of Se","gloss":"the long-tailed ducks"},{"surface":"ljöd","lemma":"ljöd","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rang out"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with ljöd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ljöd","gloss":"the fog"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch10-p35-s3","source":"»De far tillbaka till Nordsjön.»","translation":"\"They're going back to the North Sea.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of far","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"travels/flies","note":"Vildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means."},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nordsjön","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Nordsjön","lemma":"Nordsjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"the North Sea"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch10-p35-s4","source":"— »Akta er, grågäss!» skrek någon från ett annat håll.","translation":"—\"Watch out, greylag geese!\" someone shrieked from another direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akta","lemma":"Akta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrek","gloss":"watch out!","note":"imperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Akta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"grågäss","lemma":"grågäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"greylag geese"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrek","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch10-p35-s5","source":"»Om ni fortsätter så där, kommer ni ända till Rügen.»","translation":"\"If you keep on like that, you'll end up all the way at Rügen.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Rügen","title":"«Rügen»","body":"Rügen is a real island off the German Baltic coast, far south of Öland — the false warning is meant to panic the geese into believing they have drifted absurdly off course."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätter","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortsätter","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fortsätter","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommer","gloss":"keep on"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortsätter","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortsätter","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Rügen","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rügen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Rügen","lemma":"Rügen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"Rügen"}]},{"number":78,"label":"37","id":"ch10-p37-s1","source":"Det var, som sagt, ingen fara för att de fåglar, som voro vana att färdas fram här, skulle låta narra sig åt galet håll.","translation":"There was, as has been said, no danger that the birds who were used to traveling through here would let themselves be tricked in the wrong direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sagt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to sagt","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on fåglar","gloss":"were","note":"Voro is the historical plural past form of vara."},{"surface":"vana","lemma":"vana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of voro","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of färdas","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"färdas","lemma":"färda","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"travel"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies färdas","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying fara","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"narra","lemma":"narra","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"trick","note":"Infinitive of the verb 'narra' (to trick/deceive), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"galet","lemma":"gale","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låta","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ch10-p37-s2","source":"Men de, som fingo det svårt, det var vildgässen.","translation":"But the ones who had a hard time of it were the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fingo","title":"Archaic plural preterite: «fingo»","body":"From «få» ('to get/have'); singular «fick». Same pre-reform ending as «foro», «voro», «kommo» throughout this chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"introduces the clause of vildgässen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fingo","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"got","note":"Mistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få (\"got/were given\")."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fingo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fingo","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vildgässen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vildgässen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch10-p37-s3","source":"Upptågsmakarna märkte, att de inte voro säkra om vägen, och gjorde allt, vad de kunde, för att förvilla dem.","translation":"The pranksters noticed that they were not sure of the way, and did everything they could to lead them astray.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Upptågsmakarna","title":"«upptågsmakare» — prankster","body":"«upptåg» means a prank or trick, and «-makare» a 'maker of' — so «upptågsmakare» is literally a 'prank-maker', here the local birds amusing themselves at the confused wild geese's expense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Upptågsmakarna","lemma":"Upptågsmakarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"the pranksters"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of säkra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on säkra","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"säkra","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of säkra","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with säkra","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of märkte","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förvilla","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förvilla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förvilla","lemma":"förvilla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kunde","gloss":"lead astray"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of förvilla","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":81,"label":"39","id":"ch10-p39-s1","source":"»Vart ämnar ni er, gott folk?» ropade en svan.","translation":"\"Where are you headed, good folk?\" called a swan.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ämnar ni er","title":"Reflexive «ämna sig» — to head/intend to go","body":"«ämna sig» (with reflexive «sig») means 'to be headed, to intend to go somewhere', distinct from plain «ämna» ('to intend'); the reflexive turns intention into a destination — 'where do you intend yourselves'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ämnar","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ämnar","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"intend to"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ämnar","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ämnar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"got","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ämnar","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of svan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svan","lemma":"svan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"swan"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch10-p39-s2","source":"Han kom rätt fram mot Akka och såg deltagande och allvarlig ut.","translation":"He came straight up to Akka and looked sympathetic and serious.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"deltagande","lemma":"deltagande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"sympathetic"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"allvarlig","lemma":"allvarlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with deltagande","gloss":"serious"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":83,"label":"41","id":"ch10-p41-s1","source":"»Vi ska resa till Öland, men vi har aldrig varit där förut,» sade Akka.","translation":"\"We are going to travel to Öland, but we have never been there before,\" said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of resa","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of resa","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with resa","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förut","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with resa","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch10-p41-s2","source":"Hon tyckte, att detta var en fågel att lita på.","translation":"She thought that this was a bird to be trusted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fågel","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fågel","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fågel","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lita","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lita","lemma":"lita","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying fågel","gloss":"to trust"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lita","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":85,"label":"43","id":"ch10-p43-s1","source":"»Det var för illa,» sade svanen.","translation":"\"That is too bad,\" said the swan.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of illa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to illa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies illa","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"illa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with illa","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"svanen","lemma":"svan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"swan"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch10-p43-s2","source":"»De har ju lockat er vilse.","translation":"\"Why, they have lured you astray.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lockat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lockat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lockat","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"lockat","lemma":"locka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lured"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of lockat","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vilse","lemma":"vilse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of lockat","gloss":"astray"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch10-p43-s3","source":"Ni är på väg till Blekinge.","translation":"You are on your way to Blekinge.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies är","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Blekinge","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Blekinge","lemma":"Blekinge","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of på","gloss":"Blekinge","note":"A Swedish province."}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ch10-p43-s4","source":"Kom nu med mig, ska jag visa er rätt!»","translation":"Come along with me now, and I'll show you the right way!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"adverbial clause on visa","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kom","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Kom","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of rätt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":89,"label":"45","id":"ch10-p45-s1","source":"Och så for han åstad med dem, och när han hade fört dem så långt bort från den stora stråkvägen, att de inga rop hörde, försvann han i dimman.","translation":"And so he set off with them, and when he had led them so far away from the great main route that they heard no calls, he disappeared into the fog.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"stråkvägen","title":"«stråkväg» — main route","body":"«stråk» means a stretch or route, and «stråkväg» the well-traveled main path that migrating birds follow — the very route the deceitful swan lures the geese away from."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of åstad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"set off","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of åstad","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åsta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"off/away","note":"Duplicate entry for the adverb 'åstad'; lemma mis-split as 'åsta'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of åstad","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies fört","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fört","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fört","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with åstad","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of fört","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fört","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stråkvägen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stråkvägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stråkvägen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"stråkvägen","lemma":"stråkväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bort","gloss":"the main route"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rop","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rop","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of passive hörde","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hörde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of fört","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"försvann","lemma":"försvann","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fört","gloss":"disappeared","note":"Past tense of försvinna ('disappeared'), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försvann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimman","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of försvann","gloss":"the fog"}]},{"number":90,"label":"47","id":"ch10-p47-s1","source":"Nu foro de omkring en stund alldeles på måfå.","translation":"Now they traveled about for a while entirely at random.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"på måfå","title":"«på måfå» — at random","body":"A fixed idiom meaning 'haphazardly, without a plan' — capturing exactly how lost the geese have become in the fog."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of foro","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies de","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies måfå","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking måfå","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"måfå","lemma":"måfå","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of foro","gloss":"at random"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch10-p47-s2","source":"Knappt hade de lyckats att finna reda på fåglarna igen, förrän en and kom fram till dem.","translation":"Scarcely had they managed to find their way back to the birds again, before a duck came up to them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Knappt hade de","title":"V2: fronted «Knappt» inverts the clause","body":"Fronting the adverb «Knappt» ('Scarcely') into first position forces the finite verb «hade» to follow immediately, per Swedish's verb-second rule — 'Scarcely had they', mirroring the same inversion English keeps for this idiom."}],"words":[{"surface":"Knappt","lemma":"Knappt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies lyckats","gloss":"scarcely","note":"Used adverbially, 'scarcely had...'; mistagged as adjective."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lyckats","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lyckats","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lyckats","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lyckats","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on finna","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglarna","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finna","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fåglarna","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of and","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"and","lemma":"and","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"a duck"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lyckats","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ch10-p47-s3","source":"»Det är bäst, att ni lägger er ner på vattnet, tills dimman går sin väg,» sade anden.","translation":"\"It's best that you lie down on the water until the fog goes on its way,\" said the duck.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bäst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lägger","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lägger","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"lägger","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on bäst","gloss":"lie down"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of lägger","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lägger","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lägger","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of går","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimman","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of går","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lägger","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of går","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"saa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bäst","gloss":"said","note":"lemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms."},{"surface":"anden","lemma":"ande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the duck"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch10-p47-s4","source":"»Det märks ju, att ni inte är vana att reda er på resor.»","translation":"\"One can certainly tell that you are not used to managing on journeys.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive märks","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"märks","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can tell"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märks","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vana","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vana","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vana","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vana","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vana","lemma":"vana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on märks","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of reda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vana","gloss":"manage","note":"Reflexive 'reda sig' = manage, get by."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of reda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking resor","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"resor","lemma":"resa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of reda","gloss":"journeys"}]},{"number":94,"label":"49","id":"ch10-p49-s1","source":"Det var inte utan, att det lyckades de skälmarna att göra Akka huvudyr.","translation":"It was not without success that those rascals managed to make Akka dizzy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"skälmarna","title":"«skälm» — rascal, rogue","body":"A «skälm» is a mischievous rascal or trickster, here the local birds who have been leading the wild geese astray for sport."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies Det","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"preposition marking var","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckades","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lyckades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lyckades","lemma":"lyckades","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on Det","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of skälmarna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skälmarna","lemma":"skälma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lyckades","gloss":"the rascals"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying skälmarna","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"Akka","note":"Proper name of the lead wild goose."},{"surface":"huvudyr","lemma":"huvudyr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"dizzy"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch10-p49-s2","source":"Så vitt pojken kunde förstå, flögo vildgässen runt en lång stund.","translation":"As far as the boy could understand, the wild geese flew around in circles for a long while.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vitt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vitt","lemma":"vi","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on flögo","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":96,"label":"51","id":"ch10-p51-s1","source":"»Akta er! Ser ni inte, att ni flyger opp och ner?» ropade en lom, när han störtade förbi.","translation":"\"Watch out! Don't you see that you're flying upside down?\" cried a loon, as he plunged past.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akta","lemma":"Akta","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on »","gloss":"watch out!","note":"imperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Akta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Ser","lemma":"Ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see","note":"Present tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Ser","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flyger","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyger","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"flyger","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of Ser","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on flyger","gloss":"up","note":"Mistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, \"up\"."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with opp","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lom","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lom","lemma":"lom","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"loon"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of störtade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of störtade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"störtade","lemma":"störta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on lom","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on störtade","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ch10-p51-s2","source":"Pojken grep ovillkorligen tag om gåskarlens hals.","translation":"The boy instinctively grabbed hold of the gander's neck.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of grep","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"grep","lemma":"grepa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gripped/seized","note":"Past tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling."},{"surface":"ovillkorligen","lemma":"ovillkorligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grep","gloss":"instinctively"},{"surface":"tag","lemma":"tag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on grep","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tag","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåskarlens","lemma":"gåskarlens","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of hals","gloss":"the gander's"},{"surface":"hals","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of grep","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch10-p51-s3","source":"Det var något, som han länge hade fruktat för.","translation":"It was something that he had long dreaded.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to något","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fruktat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fruktat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fruktat","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fruktat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fruktat","lemma":"frukta","morphology":"verb, past, participle, neuter, singular, nominative","role":"depends on något","gloss":"dreaded"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fruktat","gloss":"feared"}]},{"number":99,"label":"53","id":"ch10-p53-s1","source":"Ingen kan säga när de skulle ha kommit fram, om det inte hade hörts ett dovt rullande skott långt borta.","translation":"No one can say when they would have arrived, if a dull, rolling shot had not been heard far away.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hade hörts","title":"S-passive in the pluperfect: «hade hörts»","body":"The «-s» passive combines with «hade» to form a pluperfect passive: «hade hörts» = 'had been heard'. Compare the active «hade hört» ('had heard') — the added «-s» is the whole difference between hearing and being heard."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säga","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of säga","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of säga","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörts","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hörts","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hörts","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hörts","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hörts","lemma":"hörts","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"been heard"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skott","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dovt","lemma":"dov","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skott","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"rullande","lemma":"rullande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies skott","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörts","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies borta","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörts","gloss":"far away"}]},{"number":100,"label":"55","id":"ch10-p55-s1","source":"Då sköt Akka fram halsen, smällde hårt med vingarna och satte full fart.","translation":"Then Akka thrust her neck forward, beat her wings hard, and set off at full speed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sköt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sköt","lemma":"sköt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sköt","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sköt","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"smällde","lemma":"smälla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sköt","gloss":"clapped"},{"surface":"hårt","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smällde","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of smällde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with smällde","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"speed"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch10-p55-s2","source":"Nu hade hon något att rätta sig efter.","translation":"Now she had something to guide herself by.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rätta sig efter","title":"«rätta sig efter» — to be guided by","body":"«rätta sig efter (något)» means to adjust or orient oneself according to something — here the sound of the fog cannon gives Akka a fixed point to steer by."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rätta","lemma":"rätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying något","gloss":"to go by","note":"Occurs in the idiom rätta sig efter, \"to conform to/follow\"."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of rätta","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rätta","gloss":"by"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch10-p55-s3","source":"Grågåsen hade just sagt henne, att hon inte skulle slå ner ytterst på Ölands södra udde, därför att där stod en kanon, som människorna brukade skjuta på dimman med.","translation":"The greylag goose had just told her that she should not land right out on the southern tip of Öland, because there stood a cannon that people used to fire at the fog with.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Grågåsen","lemma":"Grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"the greylag goose"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagt","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of sagt","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slå","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies slå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slå","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sagt","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ytterst","lemma":"ytterst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slå","gloss":"at the very edge"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking udde","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ölands","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of udde","gloss":"Öland's","note":"Swedish island."},{"surface":"södra","lemma":"södra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies udde","gloss":"southern"},{"surface":"udde","lemma":"udde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"point","note":"a headland/point of land."},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on slå","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kanon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kanon","lemma":"kanon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"a cannon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of brukade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on kanon","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"skjuta","lemma":"skjuta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of brukade","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on skjuta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skjuta","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on skjuta","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch10-p55-s4","source":"Nu kände hon riktningen, och nu skulle ingen i världen kunna locka henne vilse.","translation":"Now she knew the direction, and now no one in the world would be able to lure her astray.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"riktningen","lemma":"riktning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies locka","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of locka","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of locka","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of locka","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of locka","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"locka","lemma":"locka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kände","gloss":"lure/tempt"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of locka","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"vilse","lemma":"vilse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of locka","gloss":"astray"}]}]}