{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch11","title":{"source":"Ölands södra udde","translated":"Öland's Southern Tip"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch11","lines":175},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch10","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch12","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch11-p1-s1","source":"På den sydligaste delen av Öland ligger en gammal kungsgård, som heter Ottenby.","translation":"On the southernmost tip of Öland lies an old royal estate called Ottenby.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kungsgård","title":"Crown estate","body":"A «kungsgård» is a crown/royal manor farm — land historically administered for the Swedish crown. Ottenby, on Öland's southern tip, is real and still exists as a nature reserve and bird observatory."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of delen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sydligaste","lemma":"sydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"southernmost"},{"surface":"delen","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kungsgård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kungsgård","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"kungsgård","lemma":"kungsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"royal estate"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on kungsgård","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of heter","gloss":"Ottenby"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch11-p1-s2","source":"Det är en rätt stor egendom, som sträcker sig tvärsöver ön, från strand till strand, och den är märkvärdig därför, att den alltid har varit ett tillhåll för stora djurskaror.","translation":"It is a rather large property, stretching straight across the island from shore to shore, and it is remarkable because it has always been a haunt for great herds of animals.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of egendom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to egendom","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of egendom","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies egendom","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"egendom","lemma":"egendom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"estate"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sträcker","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sträcker","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on egendom","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sträcker","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"tvärsöver","lemma":"tvärsöv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of sträcker","gloss":"straight across","note":"Lemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver."},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sträcker","gloss":"the island","note":"Same common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strand","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"strand","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sträcker","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strand","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"strand","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sträcker","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkvärdig","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"märkvärdig","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with egendom","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdig","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tillhåll","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tillhåll","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tillhåll","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tillhåll","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to tillhåll","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of tillhåll","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tillhåll","lemma":"tillhåll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on märkvärdig","gloss":"haunt"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djurskaror","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djurskaror","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"djurskaror","lemma":"djurskara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tillhåll","gloss":"animal herds"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch11-p1-s3","source":"På sextonhundratalet, när kungarna brukade fara över till Öland för att jaga, var hela egendomen inte något annat än en stor hjortpark.","translation":"In the sixteen-hundreds, when the kings used to cross over to Öland to hunt, the whole estate was nothing but a great deer park.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sextonhundratalet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sextonhundratalet","lemma":"sextonhundratal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the sixteen-hundreds"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brukade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"kungarna","lemma":"kungare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"the kings"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sextonhundratalet","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of brukade","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of över","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of jaga","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of jaga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"jaga","lemma":"jaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on över","gloss":"to hunt"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"copula linking to hjortpark","gloss":"was","note":"mistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies egendomen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"egendomen","lemma":"egendom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjortpark","gloss":"estate"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hjortpark","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies en","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase något","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hjortpark","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hjortpark","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"hjortpark","lemma":"hjortpark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sextonhundratalet","gloss":"deer park"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch11-p1-s4","source":"På sjuttonhundratalet funnos där ett stuteri, där ädla rashästar uppföddes, och ett schäferi, där flera hundra får underhöllos.","translation":"In the seventeen-hundreds there was a stud farm there, where noble purebred horses were raised, and a sheepfold, where several hundred sheep were kept.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"funnos / underhöllos","title":"Archaic plural verb forms","body":"«funnos» (plural preterite of «finnas», 'existed') and «underhöllos» (plural passive, 'were kept') show pre-1906-reform plural verb agreement, dropped from modern Swedish, which just uses «fanns» / «underhölls» regardless of subject number."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjuttonhundratalet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sjuttonhundratalet","lemma":"sjuttonhundratal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"the seventeen-hundreds"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stuteri","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stuteri","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stuteri","lemma":"stuteri","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to funnos","gloss":"stud farm"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ädla","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ädla","lemma":"ädla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying stuteri","gloss":"noble","note":"Mistagged as a verb; ädla is the plural form of the adjective ädel (\"noble\")."},{"surface":"rashästar","lemma":"rashäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ädla","gloss":"purebred horses"},{"surface":"uppföddes","lemma":"uppföddes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"quantifies stuteri","gloss":"were raised"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of schäferi","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"schäferi","lemma":"schäferi","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with funnos","gloss":"sheep farm"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hundra","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"hundra","lemma":"hundra","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"subject of får","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on schäferi","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"underhöllos","lemma":"underhöllos","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of får","gloss":"were kept"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch11-p1-s5","source":"I våra dagar finnas vid Ottenby varken fullblodshästar eller får.","translation":"In our own day there are at Ottenby neither thoroughbred horses nor sheep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"våra","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of dagar","gloss":"our","note":"Possessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi."},{"surface":"dagar","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ottenby","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"fullblodshästar","lemma":"fullblodshäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Ottenby","gloss":"thoroughbred horses"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Ottenby","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch11-p1-s6","source":"I deras ställe leva där stora skaror av unghästar, som skola användas vid våra kavalleriregementen.","translation":"In their place there now live great troops of young horses, destined for our cavalry regiments.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ställe","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of leva","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"leva","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leva","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skaror","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skaror","lemma":"skara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of leva","gloss":"crowds"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking unghästar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"unghästar","lemma":"unghäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies skaror","gloss":"young horses"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of passive användas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"skola","lemma":"skola","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive användas","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"användas","lemma":"använda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on unghästar","gloss":"be used"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kavalleriregementen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"våra","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of kavalleriregementen","gloss":"our","note":"Possessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi."},{"surface":"kavalleriregementen","lemma":"kavalleriregement","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of användas","gloss":"cavalry regiments"}]},{"number":7,"label":"2","id":"ch11-p2-s1","source":"Det finns säkert inte i hela landet någon gård, som kan vara en bättre uppehållsort för djur.","translation":"Surely there is no farm in the whole country that could be a better home for animals.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gård","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of uppehållsort","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of uppehållsort","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to uppehållsort","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of uppehållsort","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies uppehållsort","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"uppehållsort","lemma":"uppehållsort","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on gård","gloss":"dwelling place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djur","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies uppehållsort","gloss":"animals"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch11-p2-s2","source":"Längs efter den östra kusten ligger den gamla schäferiängen, som är en fjärdedels mil lång, den största ängen på hela Öland, där djuren kunna beta och leka och tumla sig lika fritt som i vildmarken.","translation":"Along the eastern coast lies the old sheepfold meadow, a quarter of a mile long, the largest meadow on all of Öland, where the animals can graze and play and tumble about as freely as in the wilderness.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Längs","lemma":"Längs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kusten","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kusten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"öster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kusten","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"coast"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of schäferiängen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies schäferiängen","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"schäferiängen","lemma":"schäferiäng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"sheepfold meadow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mil","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to mil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjärdedels","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjärdedels","lemma":"fjärdedels","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mil","gloss":"a quarter of"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on schäferiängen","gloss":"mile","note":"A Swedish mil is historically about 10 km; the studio translation renders it as an English mile."},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying mil","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ängen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies ängen","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"ängen","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of mil","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Öland","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies ängen","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beta","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"djuren","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of beta","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of beta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"beta","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Öland","gloss":"graze"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"leka","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with beta","gloss":"to play"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tumla","lemma":"tumla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with beta","gloss":"tumble about"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tumla","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fritt","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"fritt","lemma":"fri","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tumla","gloss":"freely"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildmarken","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildmarken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vildmarken","lemma":"vildmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of beta","gloss":"wilderness"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch11-p2-s3","source":"Och där finns den berömda Ottenby lund med de hundraåriga ekarna, som ge skugga för sol och lä för den stränga Ölandsblåsten.","translation":"And there is the famous Ottenby grove with its hundred-year-old oaks, which give shade from the sun and shelter from the harsh Öland wind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Ottenby","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"berömda","lemma":"berömda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Ottenby","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies lund","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"lund","lemma":"lund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"grove"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ekarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ekarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"hundraåriga","lemma":"hundraårig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ekarna","gloss":"hundred-year-old"},{"surface":"ekarna","lemma":"ek","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"the oaks"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on ekarna","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"skugga","lemma":"skugga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lä","lemma":"lä","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with sol","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ölandsblåsten","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Ölandsblåsten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stränga","lemma":"stränga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Ölandsblåsten","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"Ölandsblåsten","lemma":"Ölandsblåsten","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"the Öland wind"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch11-p2-s4","source":"Och så får man inte glömma den långa Ottenby mur, som går från strand till strand och skiljer Ottenby från den övriga ön, så att djuren kunna veta hur långt den gamla kungsgården sträcker sig och akta sig att ge sig in på annan mark, där de inte äro så väl fredade.","translation":"And one must not forget the long Ottenby wall, which runs from shore to shore and separates Ottenby from the rest of the island, so that the animals can know how far the old royal estate extends and take care not to stray onto other ground, where they are not so well protected.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glömma","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glömma","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glömma","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies glömma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"glömma","lemma":"glömma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to forget"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Ottenby","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Ottenby","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of mur","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"mur","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of glömma","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of går","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on mur","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strand","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"strand","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strand","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"strand","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skiljer","lemma":"skilja","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with mur","gloss":"separates"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of skiljer","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"övriga","lemma":"övrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ön","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skiljer","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of veta","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"djuren","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skiljer","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sträcker","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kungsgården","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kungsgården","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"kungsgården","lemma":"kungsgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sträcker","gloss":"royal estate"},{"surface":"sträcker","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sträcker","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"akta","lemma":"akta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sträcker","gloss":"watch out/beware"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of akta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on akta","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ge","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mark","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mark","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"mark","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fredade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fredade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fredade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase inte","gloss":"are","note":"Archaic plural present tense of vara (they are), not an adverb."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fredade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fredade","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"fredade","lemma":"freda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on mark","gloss":"protected"}]},{"number":11,"label":"3","id":"ch11-p3-s1","source":"Men det är inte nog med att det finns gott om tama djur på Ottenby.","translation":"But it is not enough that there are plenty of tame animals at Ottenby.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nog","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nog","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nog","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase nog","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"clausal complement of nog","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"plenty"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tama","lemma":"tama","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"tame"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ottenby","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"Ottenby"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch11-p3-s2","source":"Man skulle nästan kunna tro, att de vilda också hade en känsla av att på ett gammalt kronogods bör både vilt och tamt kunna räkna på huld och skydd, och att det är därför, som de i så stora skaror våga sig dit.","translation":"One might almost believe that the wild ones too had a feeling that on an old crown estate both wild and tame ought to be able to count on favor and protection, and that this is why they venture there in such great numbers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"to be able to"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying de","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of känsla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"känsla","lemma":"känsla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kronogods","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of kronogods","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kronogods","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kronogods","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammalt","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kronogods","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"kronogods","lemma":"kronogods","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies känsla","gloss":"crown estate"},{"surface":"bör","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vilt","gloss":"ought to"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"vilt","lemma":"vilt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tamt","lemma":"tamt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies räkna","gloss":"tame animals"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of räkna","gloss":"to be able to"},{"surface":"räkna","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vilt","gloss":"to count"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huld","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"huld","lemma":"huld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of räkna","gloss":"favor","note":"Archaic in the phrase huld och skydd, meaning favor and protection."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skydd","lemma":"skydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with huld","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of därför","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to därför","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of våga","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of våga","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skaror","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skaror","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skaror","lemma":"skara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of våga","gloss":"crowds"},{"surface":"våga","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on därför","gloss":"to dare"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of våga","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies våga","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch11-p3-s3","source":"Förutom att där ännu finnas kvar hjortar av den gamla stammen och att harar och grav-änder och rapphöns älska att leva där, så utgör den på våren och sensommaren en viloplats för många tusental av flyttfåglar.","translation":"Besides the fact that deer of the old stock still remain there, and that hares and shelducks and partridges love to live there, in spring and late summer it also serves as a resting place for many thousands of migratory birds.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"grav-änder","title":"Shelduck","body":"«grav-änder» ('grave-ducks') are shelducks, so named because they nest in burrows dug into the ground rather than in the open — a habit mocked later in the chapter by the other birds."}],"words":[{"surface":"Förutom","lemma":"förutom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of finnas","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finnas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on utgör","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on finnas","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"hjortar","lemma":"hjort","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on finnas","gloss":"deer"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stammen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stammen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stammen","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"stammen","lemma":"stamm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of hjortar","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of harar","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"harar","lemma":"hara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with finnas","gloss":"hares"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grav-änder","lemma":"grav-änd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with harar","gloss":"shelducks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rapphöns","lemma":"rapphöns","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with harar","gloss":"partridges"},{"surface":"älska","lemma":"älska","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of harar","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of leva","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"leva","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on harar","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leva","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utgör","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"utgör","lemma":"utgöra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"serves as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of utgör","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utgör","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sensommaren","lemma":"sensommare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with våren","gloss":"late summer"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of viloplats","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viloplats","lemma":"viloplats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utgör","gloss":"resting place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tusental","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tusental","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"tusental","lemma":"tusental","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of utgör","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flyttfåglar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"flyttfåglar","lemma":"flyttfågl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies tusental","gloss":"migratory birds"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch11-p3-s4","source":"Framför allt är det på den sumpiga östra stranden nedanför schäferiängen, som flyttfåglarna slå ner för att beta och vila.","translation":"Above all it is on the marshy eastern shore below the sheepfold meadow that the migratory birds settle down to feed and rest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Framför","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stranden","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stranden","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stranden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sumpiga","lemma":"sumpig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"marshy"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"öster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"nedanför","lemma":"nedanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking schäferiängen","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"schäferiängen","lemma":"schäferiäng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"sheepfold meadow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"flyttfåglarna","lemma":"flyttfågl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of slå","gloss":"migratory birds"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on stranden","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of beta","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of beta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"beta","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on slå","gloss":"graze"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with beta","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":15,"label":"4","id":"ch11-p4-s1","source":"När vildgässen och Nils Holgersson äntligen hade letat sig fram till Öland, slogo de som alla andra ner på stranden under schäferiängen.","translation":"When the wild geese and Nils Holgersson had finally found their way to Öland, they, like all the others, came down on the shore below the sheepfold meadow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of letat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of letat","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with vildgässen","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"Holgersson","lemma":"Holgersson","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Nils","gloss":"Holgersson"},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Nils","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of letat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"letat","lemma":"leta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on slogo","gloss":"found their way"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of letat","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies letat","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Öland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"slogo","lemma":"slogoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came down","note":"Past plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of andra","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"complement of slogo","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andra","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking schäferiängen","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"schäferiängen","lemma":"schäferiäng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"sheepfold meadow"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch11-p4-s2","source":"Dimman låg tät över ön liksom förut över havet.","translation":"The fog lay thick over the island, just as it had before over the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dimman","lemma":"Dimman","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the fog","note":"Common noun 'dimman' (the fog), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"tät","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tät","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förut","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on tät","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of förut","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch11-p4-s3","source":"Men pojken blev ändå häpen över alla de fåglar, som han urskilde bara på det lilla stycke av stranden, som han kunde se ut över.","translation":"But the boy was still astonished at all the birds he could make out on just the small stretch of shore he was able to see.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"häpen","lemma":"häp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"astonished","note":"Predicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglar","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglar","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of urskilde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of urskilde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"urskilde","lemma":"urskila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fåglar","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies urskilde","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stycke","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of urskilde","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on stycke","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies se","gloss":"over"}]},{"number":18,"label":"5","id":"ch11-p5-s1","source":"Det var en låg sandstrand med stenar och vattenpussar och en mängd uppkastad tång.","translation":"It was a low sandy beach with stones and puddles and a great deal of washed-up seaweed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sandstrand","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sandstrand","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sandstrand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sandstrand","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"sandstrand","lemma":"sandstrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sandy shore"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stenar","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sandstrand","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vattenpussar","lemma":"vattenpuss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with stenar","gloss":"puddles"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tång","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"uppkastad","lemma":"uppkastad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tång","gloss":"washed-up"},{"surface":"tång","lemma":"tång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stenar","gloss":"seaweed"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch11-p5-s2","source":"Om pojken hade fått välja, skulle han väl aldrig ha tänkt på att slå ner där, men fåglarna ansågo visst detta för ett riktigt paradis.","translation":"If the boy had been given the choice, he would surely never have thought of landing there, but the birds evidently considered it a real paradise.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"been given","note":"\"hade alltid fått lära sig\" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction (\"had always been taught\"), a distinct sense from the permissive \"gotten to\" readings in the other examples."},{"surface":"välja","lemma":"välja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fått","gloss":"to choose"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of slå","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of slå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ansågo","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"ansågo","lemma":"ansågo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"considered"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detta","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ansågo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paradis","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of paradis","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies paradis","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"paradis","lemma":"paradis","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ansågo","gloss":"paradise"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch11-p5-s3","source":"Änder och grågäss gingo och betade på ängen, närmare vattnet sprungo snäppor och andra strandfåglar.","translation":"Ducks and gray geese walked about grazing on the meadow, while closer to the water sandpipers and other shorebirds ran to and fro.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Änder","lemma":"Änder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ducks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grågäss","lemma":"grågäss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"gray geese"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Änder","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"betade","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Änder","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ängen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ängen","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of betade","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"närmare","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vattnet","gloss":"closer","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of sprungo","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Änder","gloss":"ran","note":"Historical plural past form of springa."},{"surface":"snäppor","lemma":"snäppor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"sandpipers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies strandfåglar","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"strandfåglar","lemma":"strandfågl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with snäppor","gloss":"shorebirds"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch11-p5-s4","source":"Lommarna lågo i havet och fiskade, men mest liv och rörelse var det på de långa tångbankarna utanför kusten.","translation":"The loons lay out in the sea fishing, but the most life and movement was on the long seaweed banks off the coast.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lommarna","lemma":"Lommarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of lågo","gloss":"the loons"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tångbankarna","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fiskade","lemma":"fiska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"fished"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rörelse","lemma":"rörelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liv","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tångbankarna","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with tångbankarna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tångbankarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tångbankarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tångbankarna","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"tångbankarna","lemma":"tångbanka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seaweed banks"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tångbankarna","gloss":"coast"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch11-p5-s5","source":"Där stodo fåglarna tätt bredvid varandra och plockade i sig larver, som måtte ha funnits i gränslös mängd, för det märktes aldrig, att det uppstod någon klagan över brist på mat.","translation":"There the birds stood close together, picking up larvae, which must have existed in boundless quantity, for there was never any sign of complaint about a lack of food.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood","note":"Stodo is the historical plural past form of stå, ‘to stand’."},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"plockade","lemma":"plocka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"picked"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking larver","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"larver","lemma":"larver","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of plockade","gloss":"larvae"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of funnits","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnits","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of funnits","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"funnits","lemma":"funnits","morphology":"verb, supine","role":"relative clause on larver","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mängd","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gränslös","lemma":"gränslös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mängd","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnits","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with märktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"märktes","lemma":"märktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"was evident"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märktes","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uppstod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with uppstod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"uppstod","lemma":"uppstå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märktes","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klagan","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"klagan","lemma":"klagan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of uppstod","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mat","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"brist","lemma":"brist","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase över","gloss":"lack"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase över","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppstod","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":23,"label":"6","id":"ch11-p6-s1","source":"De allra flesta skulle resa vidare och hade slagit ner bara för att få vila, och så snart som anföraren för en flock tyckte, att kamraterna hade vederkvickt sig tillräckligt, sade han: »Är ni nu färdiga, så ger vi oss väl av.»","translation":"Most of them were only traveling on and had landed just to rest, and as soon as the leader of a flock thought his companions had refreshed themselves enough, he would say: \"If you're ready now, then let's be off.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Är ni nu färdiga, så ger vi oss väl av","title":"Verb-first conditional","body":"«Är ni nu färdiga» ('Are you ready now') has no «om» ('if') — the inverted, verb-first word order alone signals a conditional clause, resumed by «så» ('then'). This asyndetic if-clause is a classic Germanic construction, still alive in literary Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flesta","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flesta","gloss":"most","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"flesta","lemma":"mången","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural, superlative","role":"subject of resa","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resa","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"slagit","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with resa","gloss":"landed"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slagit","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slagit","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on slagit","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snart","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slagit","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tyckte","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"anföraren","lemma":"anförar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"the leader"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flock","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flock","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies anföraren","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on snart","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vederkvickt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kamraterna","lemma":"kamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of vederkvickt","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vederkvickt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vederkvickt","lemma":"vederkvick","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of slagit","gloss":"refreshed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vederkvickt","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"tillräckligt","lemma":"tillräcklig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vederkvickt","gloss":"sufficiently"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to resa","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to färdiga","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of färdiga","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies färdiga","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"färdiga","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on ger","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on ger","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ger","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ger","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ger","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ger","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ger","gloss":"off"}]},{"number":24,"label":"7","id":"ch11-p7-s1","source":"»Nej, vänta, vänta!","translation":"\"No, wait, wait!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Nej","gloss":"to wait"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch11-p7-s2","source":"Vi är inte mätta ännu på länge,» sade följesfolket.","translation":"We're nowhere near full yet,\" said the followers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of mätta","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to mätta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies mätta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mätta","lemma":"mätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mätta","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking länge","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of mätta","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"sade","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to mätta","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"följesfolket","lemma":"följesfolket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"the followers"}]},{"number":26,"label":"8","id":"ch11-p8-s1","source":"»Ni tror väl inte, att jag ämnar låta er äta så mycket, att ni inte kan röra er?» sade anföraren, smällde i vingarna och satte av.","translation":"\"You surely don't think I intend to let you eat so much that you can't move?\" said the leader, and with a clap of his wings he set off.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"satte av","title":"Particle verb: «sätta av»","body":"«sätta av» ('to set off, take off') is a particle verb — verb + adverbial particle («av») that together carry an idiomatic meaning distinct from «sätta» alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ämnar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ämnar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ämnar","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"intend to"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ämnar","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of röra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of röra","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies röra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of röra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"röra","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of låta","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of röra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"anföraren","lemma":"anförar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the leader"},{"surface":"smällde","lemma":"smällde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to sade","gloss":"clapped"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vinge","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of smällde","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with smällde","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on satte","gloss":"off"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch11-p8-s2","source":"Men det hände mer än en gång, att han måste vända om, därför att han inte kunde förmå de andra att följa med.","translation":"But it happened more than once that he had to turn back, because he could not persuade the others to follow along.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hände","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hände","lemma":"häna","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"happened","note":"mistagged as an adjective; it is the past tense of 'hända' (to happen)."},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hände","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vända","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vända","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vända","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"vända","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying gång","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vända","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of förmå","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förmå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förmå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förmå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"förmå","lemma":"förmå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vända","gloss":"persuade"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of förmå","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förmå","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking följa","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":28,"label":"9","id":"ch11-p9-s1","source":"Utanför de yttersta tångbankarna låg en flock svanor.","translation":"Beyond the outermost seaweed banks lay a flock of swans.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tångbankarna","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tångbankarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"yttersta","lemma":"yttersta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies tångbankarna","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"tångbankarna","lemma":"tångbankarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"the seaweed banks"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flock","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies svanor","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"svanor","lemma":"svana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of låg","gloss":"swans"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch11-p9-s2","source":"De brydde sig inte om att gå i land, utan vilade sig genom att ligga och gunga på vattnet.","translation":"They did not bother going ashore, but rested by lying and rocking on the water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of brydde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"brydde","lemma":"brydde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cared","note":"Occurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of brydde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies brydde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on brydde","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"ashore"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"vilade","lemma":"vila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gå","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vilade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ligga","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ligga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vilade","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gunga","lemma":"gunga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ligga","gloss":"to rock"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gunga","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch11-p9-s3","source":"Då och då döko de ner med halsarna och hämtade upp mat från havsbottnen.","translation":"Now and then they dove down with their necks and brought up food from the sea bottom.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies döko","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"döko","lemma":"döko","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Då","gloss":"dove","note":"Historical plural past form of dyka."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of ner","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies döko","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"halsarna","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hämtade","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with döko","gloss":"brought up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hämtade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of döko","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havsbottnen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"havsbottnen","lemma":"havsbottn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mat","gloss":"sea floor"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch11-p9-s4","source":"När de hade fått fatt i något riktigt gott, gåvo de till höga rop, som ljödo likt trumpetstötar.","translation":"When they had gotten hold of something really good, they let out loud cries that sounded like trumpet blasts.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"fatt","lemma":"fatt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fått","gloss":"hold","note":"Occurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gott","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"gåvo","lemma":"gåvo","morphology":"interjection","role":"coordinated with fått","gloss":"let out","note":"Gåvo is the historical plural past form of ge."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gåvo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rop","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rop","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gåvo","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of trumpetstötar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ljödo","lemma":"ljödo","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"part of the phrase som","gloss":"sounded","note":"Historical plural past form of ljuda, ‘to sound.’"},{"surface":"likt","lemma":"likt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trumpetstötar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"trumpetstötar","lemma":"trumpetstöt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to rop","gloss":"trumpet blasts"}]},{"number":32,"label":"10","id":"ch11-p10-s1","source":"När pojken hörde, att det låg svanor på grundet, skyndade han ut på tångbankarna.","translation":"When the boy heard that there were swans on the shoal, he hurried out onto the seaweed banks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skyndade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies svanor","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"svanor","lemma":"svana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"swans"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grundet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"grundet","lemma":"grunde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"shoal"},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skyndade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skyndade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tångbankarna","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"tångbankarna","lemma":"tångbankarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skyndade","gloss":"the seaweed banks"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch11-p10-s2","source":"Han hade aldrig sett vildsvan på nära håll förut.","translation":"He had never seen a wild swan up close before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"vildsvan","lemma":"vildsvan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"a wild swan"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch11-p10-s3","source":"Han hade lycka med sig, så att han kom alldeles fram till dem.","translation":"He had luck with him, so that he got right up close to them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lycka","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":35,"label":"11","id":"ch11-p11-s1","source":"Pojken var inte den enda, som hade hört svanorna.","translation":"The boy was not the only one who had heard the swans.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of var","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies var","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on var","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"svanorna","lemma":"svanore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"swans"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch11-p11-s2","source":"Både vildgäss och grågäss och änder och lommar summo ut mellan bankarna, lade sig som en ring runt om svanflocken och stirrade på den.","translation":"Both wild geese and gray geese and ducks and loons swam out among the banks, laid themselves in a ring around the flock of swans, and stared at it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"summo","title":"Archaic plural preterite","body":"«summo» is the old plural preterite of «simma» ('to swim'); modern Swedish uses «simmade» for every subject. Lagerlöf still writes separate singular/plural verb forms, a distinction Swedish dropped in the early 20th century."}],"words":[{"surface":"Både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"vildgäss","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"wild geese"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grågäss","lemma":"grågäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vildgäss","gloss":"greylag geese"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"änder","lemma":"änd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grågäss","gloss":"ducks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lommar","lemma":"lomm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vildgäss","gloss":"loons"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vildgäss","gloss":"swam","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'simma' (they swam), despite the adverb tag."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vildgäss","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bankarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"bankarna","lemma":"bankarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"the banks"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"formed","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ring","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ring","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ring","lemma":"ring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of lade","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svanflocken","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svanflocken","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"svanflocken","lemma":"svanflock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"the flock of swans"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with svanflocken","gloss":"stared","note":"Really the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of svanflocken","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch11-p11-s3","source":"Svanorna blåste upp fjädrarna, höjde vingarna som segel och lyfte halsarna högt i vädret.","translation":"The swans puffed up their feathers, raised their wings like sails, and lifted their necks high in the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Svanorna","lemma":"Svanorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of blåste","gloss":"the swans"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blåste","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"fjädrarna","lemma":"fjädr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of blåste","gloss":"feathers"},{"surface":"höjde","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blåste","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of segel","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"segel","lemma":"segel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of höjde","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfte","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with höjde","gloss":"lifted","note":"Mislabeled as imperative; lyfte is the simple past tense of lyfta (\"to lift\")."},{"surface":"halsarna","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyfte","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vädret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vädret","lemma":"vädre","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of högt","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch11-p11-s4","source":"Ibland sam en och annan av dem fram till en gås eller storlom eller dykand och sade ett par ord.","translation":"Now and then one or another of them would swim over to a goose or a great loon or a diving duck and say a couple of words.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sam","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"sam","lemma":"sam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies en","gloss":"swam","note":"Past tense of 'simma' (to swim), mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies dem","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dem","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gås","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"storlom","lemma":"storlom","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gås","gloss":"great loon"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"dykand","lemma":"dykand","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with gås","gloss":"diving duck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"saa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"said","note":"lemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ord","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch11-p11-s5","source":"Och då tycktes det, som om den tilltalade knappt skulle våga lyfta näbben för att svara.","translation":"And then it seemed as though the one addressed hardly dared to lift its bill to answer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tycktes","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with tycktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of våga","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking tilltalade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tilltalade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tilltalade","lemma":"tilltala","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on våga","gloss":"the addressee"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies våga","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of våga","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"våga","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tycktes","gloss":"to dare"},{"surface":"lyfta","lemma":"lyfta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of våga","gloss":"to lift"},{"surface":"näbben","lemma":"näbbe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lyfta","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of svara","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of svara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"svara","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lyfta","gloss":"to answer"}]},{"number":40,"label":"12","id":"ch11-p12-s1","source":"Men så var det en smålom, en liten svart odygdspåse, som inte kunde stå ut med all denna högtidlighet.","translation":"But then there was a red-throated loon, a little black rascal, who could not stand all this solemnity.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smålom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to smålom","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of smålom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of smålom","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smålom","lemma":"smålom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"red-throated loon"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of odygdspåse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies odygdspåse","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies odygdspåse","gloss":"black","note":"Surface 'svart' is the adjective svart (black); the lemma 'svar' (answer) is a backbone mistag."},{"surface":"odygdspåse","lemma":"odygdspåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to smålom","gloss":"rascal"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on odygdspåse","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stå","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking högtidlighet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of högtidlighet","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"högtidlighet","lemma":"högtidlighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stå","gloss":"solemnity"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch11-p12-s2","source":"Han dök helt hastigt och försvann under vattenytan.","translation":"He dove all at once and vanished beneath the surface of the water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dök","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dök","lemma":"dökma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dove"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dök","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"försvann","lemma":"försvann","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dök","gloss":"disappeared","note":"Past tense of försvinna ('disappeared'), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattenytan","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"vattenytan","lemma":"vattenyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of försvann","gloss":"water's surface"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch11-p12-s3","source":"Strax därpå skrek en av svanorna till och simmade undan så hastigt, att vattnet skummade.","translation":"Right after, one of the swans let out a shriek and swam away so quickly that the water foamed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Strax","lemma":"strax","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies därpå","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrek","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"screamed","note":"Past tense of 'skrika' (to scream/shriek)."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svanorna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"svanorna","lemma":"svanore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"swans"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on skrek","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"simmade","lemma":"simma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skrek","gloss":"swam"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies simmade","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies simmade","gloss":"suddenly","note":"adverbial neuter form 'hastigt' used as 'suddenly'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skummade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skummade","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"skummade","lemma":"skummad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on skrek","gloss":"foamed"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch11-p12-s4","source":"Därpå stannade han och började på nytt att se majestätisk ut.","translation":"Then it stopped and once again began to look majestic.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därpå","lemma":"Därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stannade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"majestätisk","lemma":"majestätisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"majestic"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch11-p12-s5","source":"Men snart skrek en annan till på samma sätt som den första, och så skrek en tredje.","translation":"But soon another shrieked in the same way as the first, and then a third shrieked too.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrek","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"screamed","note":"Past tense of 'skrika' (to scream/shriek)."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skrek","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrek","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of första","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of första","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"clause modifying sätt","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrek","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skrek","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tredje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tredje","lemma":"tre","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"third","note":"Surface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'."}]},{"number":45,"label":"13","id":"ch11-p13-s1","source":"Nu orkade inte smålommen stanna längre under vattnet, utan han visade sig på vattenytan liten och svart och ondskefull.","translation":"Now the little loon could no longer stay under the water, and he showed himself on the surface, small and black and mischievous.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies orkade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"orkade","lemma":"orka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had the strength to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"smålommen","lemma":"smålomm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"the red-throated diver"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of orkade","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stanna","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visade","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on orkade","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of visade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattenytan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vattenytan","lemma":"vattenyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of visade","gloss":"water's surface"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies visade","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"black","note":"The lemma should be svart (\"black\"); the parser mistagged the surface \"svart\" under the noun svar (\"answer\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ondskefull","lemma":"ondskefull","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"mischievous"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch11-p13-s2","source":"Svanorna störtade emot honom, men när de sågo vad det var för en liten stackare, vände de tvärt, liksom om de hölle sig för goda att bråka med honom.","translation":"The swans rushed at him, but when they saw what a poor little wretch it was, they turned sharply away, as though they thought themselves too fine to quarrel with him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hölle","title":"Archaic subjunctive","body":"«hölle» is an old subjunctive (imperfect subjunctive) form of «hålla», used after «som om» ('as if') to mark an unreal, hypothetical stance — modern Swedish would simply use the ordinary preterite «höll» here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Svanorna","lemma":"Svanore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of störtade","gloss":"the swans"},{"surface":"störtade","lemma":"störta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of störtade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vad","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of stackare","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stackare","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stackare","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stackare","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stackare","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stackare","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stackare","lemma":"stackare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with störtade","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vääggn","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with störtade","gloss":"turned","note":"Lemma is garbled; surface vände is the past tense of vända (\"to turn\")."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"tvärt","lemma":"tvär","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"sharply","note":"Neuter form 'tvärt' used adverbially with varied senses depending on what it modifies."},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hölle","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hölle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hölle","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"hölle","lemma":"hölle","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vände","gloss":"thought themselves","note":"Archaic subjunctive form of 'hålla' (to hold), used in 'som om...' clauses."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hölle","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies goda","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hölle","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bråka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bråka","lemma":"bråka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hölle","gloss":"to quarrel"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bråka","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch11-p13-s3","source":"Då dök smålommen på nytt och nöp dem i fötterna.","translation":"Then the little loon dove again and nipped them in the feet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dök","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"dök","lemma":"dök","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dove"},{"surface":"smålommen","lemma":"smålomm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive dök","gloss":"the red-throated diver"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dem","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nöp","lemma":"nöp","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with nytt","gloss":"nipped","note":"Past tense of 'nypa' (to nip/pinch), mistagged here as imperative."},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"subject of passive dök","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fötterna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fötterna","lemma":"fötterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of dök","gloss":"the feet"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch11-p13-s4","source":"Det gjorde säkert ont, och det värsta var, att de inte kunde bibehålla sin värdighet.","translation":"It surely hurt, and the worst of it was that they could not maintain their dignity.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"ont","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"hurt","note":"Both examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of värsta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"värsta","lemma":"värsta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"coordinated with ont","gloss":"worst"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bibehålla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bibehålla","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bibehålla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bibehålla","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"bibehålla","lemma":"bibehålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"maintain"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of värdighet","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"värdighet","lemma":"värdighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bibehålla","gloss":"dignity"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch11-p13-s5","source":"Med ens gjorde de slag i saken.","translation":"All at once they took matters into their own hands.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ens","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ens","lemma":"ens","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"at once","note":"Used in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of slag","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"slag","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"kinds"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"saken","lemma":"sak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch11-p13-s6","source":"De började piska luften med vingarna, så att det dånade, foro fram ett långt stycke liksom springande på vattnet, fingo äntligen luft under vingarna och lyfte.","translation":"They began to thrash the air with their wings so that it thundered, sped along a long stretch as if running on the water, finally got air under their wings, and rose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"piska","lemma":"pisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"thrash"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of dånade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dånade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dånade","lemma":"dåna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"boomed"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with dånade","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dånade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"long","note":"Both examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance)."},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of dånade","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of springande","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"springande","lemma":"springande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clause modifying stycke","gloss":"running","note":"Present participle of springa (to run), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies springande","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with dånade","gloss":"got","note":"past plural of få ('to get'); mistagged as imperative."},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fingo","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"luft","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of dånade","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of dånade","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfte","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dånade","gloss":"rose","note":"ch11-p13-s6 uses lyfte intransitively for a bird taking off (\"rose\"), not \"lifted\" something."}]},{"number":51,"label":"14","id":"ch11-p14-s1","source":"När svanorna voro borta, blev det stor saknad efter dem, och de, som förut hade haft roligt åt smålommens tilltag, klandrade honom nu för hans oförsynthet.","translation":"When the swans were gone, they were greatly missed, and those who had earlier laughed at the little loon's prank now blamed him for his impudence.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural of «vara»","body":"«voro» is the old plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'); modern Swedish uses «var» for both singular and plural. This plural verb agreement recurs throughout the chapter (e.g. «de voro inte gråa», «vingspetsarna voro svarta») and marks the text's 1906 literary register."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"when","note":"Functions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb."},{"surface":"svanorna","lemma":"svanore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"swans"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies saknad","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"saknad","lemma":"saknad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"a sense of loss"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of saknad","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with ,","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"roligt","lemma":"rolig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"fun"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tilltag","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"smålommens","lemma":"smålomm","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of tilltag","gloss":"the little loon's"},{"surface":"tilltag","lemma":"tilltag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of haft","gloss":"prank"},{"surface":"klandrade","lemma":"klandra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with haft","gloss":"blamed"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of klandrade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klandrade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oförsynthet","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of oförsynthet","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"oförsynthet","lemma":"oförsynthet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klandrade","gloss":"impudence"}]},{"number":52,"label":"15","id":"ch11-p15-s1","source":"Pojken gick åter inåt land.","translation":"The boy walked back inland again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"inåt","lemma":"inåt","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch11-p15-s2","source":"Där ställde han sig att se på hur snäpporna lekte.","translation":"There he stood watching the sandpipers at play.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställde","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ställde","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lekte","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lekte","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"snäpporna","lemma":"snäpporna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lekte","gloss":"the sandpipers"},{"surface":"lekte","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"played"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch11-p15-s3","source":"De liknade små, små tranor, hade liksom dessa små kroppar, höga ben, långa halsar och lätta, svävande rörelser, men de voro inte gråa, utan bruna.","translation":"They resembled tiny little cranes, having like them small bodies, tall legs, long necks, and light, floating movements, but they were not gray, only brown.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of små","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"liknade","lemma":"liknad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies små","gloss":"resembled","note":"Mislabeled as an adjective; liknade is the past tense of the verb likna (\"to resemble\")."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tranor","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"tranor","lemma":"trana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with små","gloss":"cranes"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kroppar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kroppar","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kroppar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"kroppar","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ben","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with kroppar","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies halsar","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"halsar","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to kroppar","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lätta","lemma":"lätta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with halsar","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"svävande","lemma":"sväva","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies rörelser","gloss":"floating"},{"surface":"rörelser","lemma":"rörelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kroppar","gloss":"movements"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gråa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gråa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gråa","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"bruna","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gråa","gloss":"brown"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch11-p15-s4","source":"De stodo i en lång rad på stranden, där den spolades av vågorna.","translation":"They stood in a long row on the shore, where it was washed by the waves.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood","note":"Historical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rad","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rad","lemma":"rad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"row"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rad","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spolades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive spolades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"spolades","lemma":"spola","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on rad","gloss":"was washed"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågorna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of spolades","gloss":"the waves"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch11-p15-s5","source":"Så snart en våg strömmade in, sprang hela raden baklänges.","translation":"As soon as a wave rushed in, the whole row ran backward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of våg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"våg","lemma":"våg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of strömmade","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"strömmade","lemma":"strömma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"streamed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on strömmade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with strömmade","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies raden","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"raden","lemma":"rad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"row"},{"surface":"baklänges","lemma":"baklänge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"modifies strömmade","gloss":"backward","note":"Adverb 'baklänges' (backward), mistagged as a passive verb."}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch11-p15-s6","source":"Så snart den sögs ut, följde de efter.","translation":"As soon as it was sucked back out, they followed after.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sögs","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sögs","lemma":"sögs","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on följde","gloss":"was sucked out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sögs","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följde","gloss":"after"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch11-p15-s7","source":"Och så höllo de på i timtal.","translation":"And so they kept at it for hours.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"Archaic plural preterite","body":"«höllo» is the old plural preterite of «hålla på» ('to keep at something'); another instance of the pre-reform plural verb forms Lagerlöf uses throughout."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höllo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept at it"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höllo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timtal","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"timtal","lemma":"timtal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"for hours","note":"Occurs in the fixed phrase 'i timtal' = for hours."}]},{"number":59,"label":"16","id":"ch11-p16-s1","source":"De grannaste av alla fåglarna voro grav-änderna.","translation":"The handsomest of all the birds were the shelducks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of grannaste","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"grannaste","lemma":"grann","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"handsomest"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglarna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies grannaste","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"preposition marking grav-änderna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"grav-änderna","lemma":"grav-änderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grannaste","gloss":"the shelducks"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch11-p16-s2","source":"De voro nog släkt med vanliga änder, för de hade som dessa en tung, satt kropp, bred näbb och simfötter, men de voro mycket praktfullare utstyrda.","translation":"They were surely kin to ordinary ducks, for like them they had a heavy, thickset body, a broad bill, and webbed feet, but they were far more splendidly arrayed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of släkt","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies släkt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"släkt","lemma":"släkt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"related"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking änder","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vanliga","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies änder","gloss":"ordinary"},{"surface":"änder","lemma":"änder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of släkt","gloss":"ducks"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on släkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of tung","gloss":"like","note":"Adverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense."},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tung","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tung","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tung","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies utstyrda","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tung","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"kropp","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies näbb","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"näbb","lemma":"näbb","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to kropp","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"simfötter","lemma":"simfött","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kropp","gloss":"webbed feet"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of praktfullare","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on praktfullare","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies praktfullare","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"praktfullare","lemma":"praktfullare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kropp","gloss":"more splendidly"},{"surface":"utstyrda","lemma":"utstyrda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"arrayed"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch11-p16-s3","source":"Själva fjäderskruden var vit, kring halsen buro de ett brett gult band, vingspegeln blänkte i grönt, rött och svart, vingspetsarna voro svarta, och huvudet var svartgrönt och skiftade som siden.","translation":"The plumage itself was white, around the neck they wore a broad yellow band, the wing patch gleamed in green, red, and black, the wingtips were black, and the head was blackish-green and shimmered like silk.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fjäderskruden","gloss":"itself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"fjäderskruden","lemma":"fjäderskrud","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vit","gloss":"plumage"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vit","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"kring","lemma":"kring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of buro","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"buro","lemma":"buro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"wore","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'bära' (to wear/carry/bear), mislabeled as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"modifies vit","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of band","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"brett","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gult","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"gult","lemma":"gult","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies band","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"band","lemma":"band","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vit","gloss":"band"},{"surface":"vingspegeln","lemma":"vingspegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blänkte","gloss":"wing patch"},{"surface":"blänkte","lemma":"blänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"gleamed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grönt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grönt","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies blänkte","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"rött","lemma":"rött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with grönt","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with grönt","gloss":"black","note":"The lemma should be svart (\"black\"); the parser mistagged the surface \"svart\" under the noun svar (\"answer\")."},{"surface":"vingspetsarna","lemma":"vingspets","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"the wingtips"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"depends on vingspetsarna","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase voro","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of svartgrönt","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to svartgrönt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"svartgrönt","lemma":"svartgrönt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"blackish-green"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skiftade","lemma":"skifta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svartgrönt","gloss":"shimmered"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of siden","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"siden","lemma":"side","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of skiftade","gloss":"silk"}]},{"number":62,"label":"17","id":"ch11-p17-s1","source":"Så snart några av dem visade sig på stranden, sade de andra fåglarna: »Titta på de där!","translation":"As soon as a few of them showed themselves on the shore, the other birds said: \"Look at those!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies några","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of visade","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies några","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"visade","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of visade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of visade","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåglarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fåglarna","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"Titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look!"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking de","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of Titta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Titta","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch11-p17-s2","source":"De förstår sig på att kluta ut sig.»","translation":"They certainly know how to dress themselves up.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of förstår","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"förstår","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand(s)"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of förstår","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kluta","gloss":"how to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of kluta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"kluta","lemma":"kluta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förstår","gloss":"dress up"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kluta","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kluta","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch11-p17-s3","source":"— »Om de inte vore så granna, skulle de inte behöva gräva sina bon nere i jorden, utan kunde ligga oppe i dagen som en annan,» sade en brun gräsandhona.","translation":"— \"If they weren't so fine, they wouldn't have to dig their nests down in the ground, but could lie out in the open like anyone else,\" said a brown mallard hen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vore","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vore","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vore","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"adverbial clause on gräva","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase vore","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"granna","lemma":"granna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vore","gloss":"fine","note":"adjective granna ('fine, splendid, gaily colored'); mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gräva","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gräva","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gräva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behöva","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gräva","gloss":"to need to"},{"surface":"gräva","lemma":"gräva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dig"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of bon","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bon","lemma":"bo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of gräva","gloss":"nests"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gräva","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gräva","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"oppe","lemma":"oppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"up there","note":"Colloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligga","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of annan","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on ligga","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gräva","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gräsandhona","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"brun","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gräsandhona","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"gräsandhona","lemma":"gräsandhona","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"mallard hen"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch11-p17-s4","source":"— »De må bjuda till hur mycket som helst, så kan de då aldrig komma att ta sig något ut med en sådan näsa, som de har,» sade en grågås.","translation":"— \"They can try as hard as they like, but they can never make anything of themselves with a nose like that,\" said a gray goose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bjuda","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"må","lemma":"må","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bjuda","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"bjuda","lemma":"bjuda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bjuda","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bjuda","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mycket","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase mycket","gloss":"ever","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on ta","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of ta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"make of oneself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking näsa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of näsa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies näsa","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"näsa","lemma":"näsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on näsa","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ta","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grågås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grågås","lemma":"grågås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"greylag goose"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch11-p17-s5","source":"Och detta var verkligen sant.","translation":"And this was really true.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sant","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sant","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"sant","lemma":"sant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch11-p17-s6","source":"Grav-änderna hade en stor knöl på näbbroten, som skämde bort deras utseende.","translation":"The shelducks had a large knob at the base of the bill, which spoiled their looks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Grav-änderna","lemma":"Grav-änderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the shelducks"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of knöl","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies knöl","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"knöl","lemma":"knöl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"knob"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking näbbroten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"näbbroten","lemma":"näbbrot","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"base of the bill"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skämde","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skämde","lemma":"skämde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on näbbroten","gloss":"spoiled"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skämde","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of utseende","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"utseende","lemma":"utseende","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skämde","gloss":"appearance"}]},{"number":68,"label":"18","id":"ch11-p18-s1","source":"Utanför stranden foro måsar och tärnor fram över vattnet och fiskade.","translation":"Out beyond the shore, gulls and terns skimmed over the water, fishing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of foro","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form."},{"surface":"måsar","lemma":"mås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gulls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tärnor","lemma":"tärna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with måsar","gloss":"terns"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies måsar","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fiskade","lemma":"fiska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vattnet","gloss":"fished"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s2","source":"»Vad är det för fisk, som ni tar opp?» frågade en vildgås.","translation":"\"What kind of fish are you catching?\" asked a wild goose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fisk","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"fisk","lemma":"fisk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Vad","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tar","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"tar","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fisk","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vildgås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vildgås","lemma":"vildgås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"wild goose"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s3","source":"— »Det är spigg.","translation":"— \"It's stickleback.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of spigg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to spigg","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"spigg","lemma":"spigg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stickleback"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s4","source":"Det är ölandsspigg.","translation":"It's Öland stickleback.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ölandsspigg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ölandsspigg","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ölandsspigg","lemma":"ölandsspigg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Öland stickleback"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s5","source":"Det är den bästa spigg i världen,» sade en mås.","translation":"It's the best stickleback in the world,\" said a gull.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with spigg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to spigg","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of spigg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies spigg","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"spigg","lemma":"spigg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stickleback"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of spigg","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with spigg","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mås","lemma":"mås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"gull"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s6","source":"»Vill du inte smaka?»","translation":"\"Won't you try some?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vill","lemma":"Vill","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of smaka","gloss":"won't"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smaka","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies smaka","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"smaka","lemma":"smaka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"try some","note":"ch31-p27-s3 'det fick smaka i hungersnödens dagar' = 'it had to do in those days of famine' — idiomatic 'make do/suffice', not literally 'taste'."}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s7","source":"Och han flög emot gåsen med munnen full av de små fiskarna och ville ge henne.","translation":"And he flew toward the goose with his mouth full of the little fish, wanting to give her some.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on flög","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"gåsen","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flög","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking munnen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"munnen","lemma":"munn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of flög","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiskarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fiskarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fiskarna","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"fiskarna","lemma":"fiskare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of full","gloss":"fish","note":"The definite plural 'fiskarna' is orthographically identical for 'fiskare' (fishermen) and 'fisk' (fish). In example ch20-p2-s2 ('...måtte ha lockat fiskarna...') it is the fish being lured by torchlight, not fishermen — that example belongs to a different lemma and should not be glossed 'fishermen'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with flög","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s8","source":"»Usch då!","translation":"\"Ugh, no!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usch","lemma":"usch","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ugh"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Usch","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch11-p18-s9","source":"Tror du jag vill äta sådan där otäckhet?» sade vildgåsen.","translation":"Do you think I want to eat such nastiness?\" said the wild goose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tror","lemma":"Tror","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on äta","gloss":"think/believe"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Tror","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of äta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of äta","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of äta","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies äta","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"otäckhet","lemma":"otäckhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of äta","gloss":"nastiness"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"wild goose"}]},{"number":77,"label":"19","id":"ch11-p19-s1","source":"Nästa morgon var det alltjämt lika dimmigt.","translation":"The next morning it was still just as foggy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dimmigt","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dimmigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dimmigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dimmigt","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dimmigt","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"dimmigt","lemma":"dimmig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foggy"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch11-p19-s2","source":"Vildgässen gingo på ängen och betade, men pojken hade gått ner till stranden för att samla in musslor.","translation":"The wild geese went about the meadow grazing, but the boy had gone down to the shore to gather mussels.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ängen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ängen","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"betade","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ängen","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"gone down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of samla","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of samla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"samla","lemma":"samla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"to gather"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on samla","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"musslor","lemma":"mussla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of samla","gloss":"mussels"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ch11-p19-s3","source":"Det fanns gott om dem, och när han tänkte på att han nästa dag kanske skulle vara på ett ställe, där han inte kunde få någon mat alls, så beslöt han, att han skulle försöka göra sig en liten påse, som han kunde plocka full av musslor.","translation":"There were plenty of them, and when he thought that the next day he might be somewhere he could get no food at all, he decided he would try to make himself a little pouch that he could fill up with mussels.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"plenty"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tänkte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of beslöt","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of beslöt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies han","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on beslöt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vara","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mat","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on beslöt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"beslöt","lemma":"beslöt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beslöt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försöka","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försöka","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försöka","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"försöka","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on beslöt","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försöka","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of påse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies påse","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"påse","lemma":"påse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"bag"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of plocka","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of plocka","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of plocka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"plocka","lemma":"plocka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on påse","gloss":"to pick"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of plocka","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musslor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"musslor","lemma":"mussla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of full","gloss":"mussels"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch11-p19-s4","source":"Han fann på ängen gammal starr, som var seg och stark, och av den började han fläta sig en ränsel.","translation":"He found old sedge grass in the meadow, which was tough and strong, and from it he began to weave himself a knapsack.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking starr","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ängen","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of starr","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies starr","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"starr","lemma":"starr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fann","gloss":"sedge"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of seg","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to seg","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"seg","lemma":"seg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on starr","gloss":"tough"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with seg","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fläta","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fläta","lemma":"fläta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to fann","gloss":"to weave"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of fläta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ränsel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ränsel","lemma":"ränsel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fläta","gloss":"knapsack"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch11-p19-s5","source":"Detta hade han arbete med i flera timmar, men han var också riktigt nöjd med den, när den var färdig.","translation":"This kept him busy for several hours, but he was also really pleased with it once it was finished.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies timmar","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"timmar","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nöjd","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nöjd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nöjd","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nöjd","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"nöjd","lemma":"nöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nöjd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of färdig","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of färdig","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to färdig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"färdig","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"ready"}]},{"number":82,"label":"20","id":"ch11-p20-s1","source":"Vid middagstiden kommo alla vildgässen springande och frågade om han hade sett den vita gåskarlen.","translation":"At midday all the wild geese came running and asked if he had seen the white gander.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommo","title":"Archaic plural preterite","body":"«kommo» is the old plural preterite of «komma» ('to come'); modern Swedish uses «kom» regardless of number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking middagstiden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"middagstiden","lemma":"middagstid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"midday"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vildgässen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"wild geese"},{"surface":"springande","lemma":"springande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"running","note":"Present participle of springa (to run), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on frågade","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch11-p20-s2","source":"»Nej, inte har han varit med mig,» sade pojken.","translation":"\"No, he hasn't been with me,\" said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of varit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch11-p20-s3","source":"— »Vi hade honom med oss ända tills helt nyligen,» sade Akka, »men nu vet vi inte mer var han finns.»","translation":"— \"We had him with us right up until just recently,\" said Akka, \"but now we don't know anymore where he is.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies helt","gloss":"right up to"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ända","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"nyligen","lemma":"nyligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies helt","gloss":"recently"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to hade","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vet","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"vet","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of vet","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"any more"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of vet","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"depends on vet","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":85,"label":"21","id":"ch11-p21-s1","source":"Pojken for upp och blev förfärligt rädd.","translation":"The boy jumped up and grew terribly afraid.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Pojken","gloss":"jumped","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Pojken","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch11-p21-s2","source":"Han frågade om någon räv eller örn hade visat sig, eller om någon människa hade varit synlig i närheten.","translation":"He asked whether any fox or eagle had shown itself, or whether any human had been seen nearby.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking räv","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of räv","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"räv","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of frågade","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"örn","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with räv","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visat","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with frågade","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of visat","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synlig","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of synlig","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of synlig","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to synlig","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"synlig","lemma":"synlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with frågade","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking närheten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"närheten","lemma":"närhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of synlig","gloss":"vicinity"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch11-p21-s3","source":"Men ingen hade kunnat märka något farligt.","translation":"But no one had been able to notice anything dangerous.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märka","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of märka","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of märka","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"märka","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to notice"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies farligt","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"farligt","lemma":"farlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of märka","gloss":"dangerous"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ch11-p21-s4","source":"Gåskarlen hade nog bara gått vilse i dimman.","translation":"The gander had surely just gone astray in the fog.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarlen","lemma":"Gåskarlen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"the gander"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone astray"},{"surface":"vilse","lemma":"vilse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"astray"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimman","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"the fog"}]},{"number":89,"label":"22","id":"ch11-p22-s1","source":"Men det var lika stor olycka för pojken, på vad sätt den vite än hade kommit bort, och han gav sig genast åstad för att söka efter honom.","translation":"But it was just as great a misfortune for the boy, however the white one had gotten lost, and he set off at once to search for him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"på vad sätt ... än","title":"«vad ... än»: concessive 'however'","body":"«vad sätt ... än» ('in whatever way') is built with the indefinite concessive particle «än» after a question word — the same pattern as «vem som än» ('whoever') or «hur ... än» ('however'), meaning 'no matter how/what'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of olycka","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to olycka","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies olycka","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies olycka","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vite","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vite","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vite","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with olycka","gloss":"white one","note":"Definite form used as a noun, referring to the white gander."},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on vite","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with olycka","gloss":"set off","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies åstad","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"complement of gav","gloss":"off","note":"Fixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off')."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of söka","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of söka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on åstad","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of söka","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"ch11-p22-s2","source":"Dimman skyddade honom, så att han kunde springa osedd vart som helst, men den hindrade honom också från att se.","translation":"The fog protected him, so that he could run about unseen wherever he liked, but it also kept him from seeing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dimman","lemma":"Dimman","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of skyddade","gloss":"the fog","note":"Common noun 'dimman' (the fog), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"skyddade","lemma":"skydda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"protected"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skyddade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of springa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of springa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of springa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"springa","lemma":"springa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skyddade","gloss":"to run","note":"One cited example uses the homograph springa \"slit/crack\" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb \"to run\"."},{"surface":"osedd","lemma":"osedd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies springa","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"var","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of springa","gloss":"wherever","note":"Surface 'vart' covers both the adverb 'vart' (whither/to where, ch11/ch16) and the neuter form of determiner 'var' (each, agreeing with neuter 'ett' in 'vart och ett' = each one, ch34/ch43); the latter sense was missing."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase vart","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase vart","gloss":"ever","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hindrade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hindrade","lemma":"hindra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with springa","gloss":"hindered"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hindrade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hindrade","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch11-p22-s3","source":"Han sprang söderut efter kusten ända ner till fyren och mistkanonen på öns yttersta udde.","translation":"He ran southward along the coast all the way down to the lighthouse and the fog cannon on the island's outermost point.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"söderut","lemma":"söderut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"southward"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"coast"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ner","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fyren","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fyren","lemma":"fyr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"lighthouse"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mistkanonen","lemma":"mistkanon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fyren","gloss":"fog cannon"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking udde","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"öns","lemma":"öns","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of udde","gloss":"the island's"},{"surface":"yttersta","lemma":"yttersta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies udde","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"udde","lemma":"udde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mistkanonen","gloss":"point","note":"a headland/point of land."}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ch11-p22-s4","source":"Överallt var det samma fågelvimmel, men ingen gåskarl.","translation":"Everywhere it was the same swarm of birds, but no gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fågelvimmel","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of fågelvimmel","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"fågelvimmel","lemma":"fågelvimmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"swarm of birds"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarl","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fågelvimmel","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch11-p22-s5","source":"Han vågade sig fram till Ottenby gård, och han sökte igenom varenda en av de gamla ihåliga ekarna i Ottenby lund, men han fann inte något spår av gåskarlen.","translation":"He ventured up to the Ottenby manor, and he searched through every single one of the old hollow oaks in the Ottenby grove, but he did not find any trace of the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vågade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vågade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of gård","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"manor"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vågade","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"igenom","lemma":"igenom","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sökte","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"varenda","lemma":"varenda","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of en","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ekarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ekarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ekarna","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ihåliga","lemma":"ihålig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ekarna","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ekarna","lemma":"ek","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"the oaks"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ottenby","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of en","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"lund","lemma":"lund","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Ottenby","gloss":"grove"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vågade","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fann","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of spår","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"spår","lemma":"spår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"track/trace"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies spår","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":94,"label":"23","id":"ch11-p23-s1","source":"Han sökte, ända tills det började mörkna.","translation":"He searched until it began to grow dark.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of började","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sökte","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"mörkna","lemma":"mörkna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"grow dark"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch11-p23-s2","source":"Då måste han bege sig tillbaka till östra stranden.","translation":"Then he had to make his way back to the eastern shore.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bege","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bege","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bege","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bege","lemma":"bege","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set off","note":"Used reflexively, bege sig, \"to betake oneself, set off\"."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bege","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bege","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"öster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ch11-p23-s3","source":"Han gick med tunga steg och var fasligt dyster till sinnes.","translation":"He walked with heavy steps and was dreadfully gloomy in spirit.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking steg","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tunga","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dyster","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"fasligt","lemma":"faslig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dyster","gloss":"dreadfully"},{"surface":"dyster","lemma":"dyster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"gloomy"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sinnes","gloss":"in spirit"},{"surface":"sinnes","lemma":"sinnes","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of dyster","gloss":"in spirit","note":"Occurs in the fixed idiom 'till sinnes' (at heart); mistagged as a proper noun."}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ch11-p23-s4","source":"Han visste inte vad det skulle bli av honom, om han inte fick reda på gåskarlen.","translation":"He did not know what would become of him if he could not find the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bli","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fick","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fick","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch11-p23-s5","source":"Det fanns ingen, han mindre kunde undvara.","translation":"There was no one he could less afford to lose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undvara","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mindre","lemma":"lite","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of undvara","gloss":"less","note":"Surface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre)."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of undvara","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"undvara","lemma":"undvara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to fanns","gloss":"do without"}]},{"number":99,"label":"24","id":"ch11-p24-s1","source":"Men när han vandrade över schäferiängen, vad var det väl för ett stort vitt, som kom emot honom i dimman, om inte gåskarlen?","translation":"But as he wandered across the sheepfold meadow, what should come toward him through the fog, big and white, but the gander?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vandrade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vandrade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vandrade","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vad","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking schäferiängen","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"schäferiängen","lemma":"schäferiäng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandrade","gloss":"sheepfold meadow"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vad","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vitt","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vitt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies vitt","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"vitt","lemma":"vi","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vad","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gåskarlen","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on vad","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ch11-p24-s2","source":"Han var alldeles oskadd och mycket glad över att han äntligen hade kunnat leta sig tillbaka till de andra.","translation":"He was completely unharmed and very glad that he had finally been able to find his way back to the others.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of oskadd","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to oskadd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oskadd","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"oskadd","lemma":"oskadd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unharmed","note":"Functions as an adjective ('unharmed'), though the backbone tags it as a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with oskadd","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of leta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of leta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of leta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leta","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of leta","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of leta","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"leta","lemma":"leta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on glad","gloss":"to search"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of leta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leta","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch11-p24-s3","source":"Dimman hade gjort honom så yr i huvudet, sade han, att han hade gått runt på den stora ängen hela dagen.","translation":"The fog had made him so dizzy, he said, that he had wandered around the big meadow the whole day.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dimman","lemma":"Dimman","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"the fog","note":"Common noun 'dimman' (the fog), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies yr","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"yr","lemma":"yr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"dizzy"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvudet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of yr","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to gjort","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of sade","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ängen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ängen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ängen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"ängen","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of dagen","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gått","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch11-p24-s4","source":"Pojken slog i glädjen armarna om hans hals och bad honom, att han skulle ta sig till vara och inte gå ifrån de andra.","translation":"In his joy the boy threw his arms around the gander's neck and begged him to take care and not stray from the others.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glädjen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"glädjen","lemma":"glädje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"armarna","lemma":"armarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"the arms"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hals","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of hals","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"hals","lemma":"hals","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bad","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on slog","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vara","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ta","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gå","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of gå","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch11-p24-s5","source":"Och det lovade han säkert, att han aldrig mer skulle göra.","translation":"And this he promised faithfully he would never do again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lovade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lovade","lemma":"lova","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lovade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lovade","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of lovade","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch11-p24-s6","source":"Nej, aldrig mer.","translation":"No, never again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":105,"label":"25","id":"ch11-p25-s1","source":"Men nästa morgon, när pojken gick nere på strandbrädden och sökte musslor, kommo gässen springande och frågade om han hade sett till gåskarlen.","translation":"But the next morning, as the boy was down on the shore looking for mussels, the geese came running and asked if he had seen anything of the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on morgon","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandbrädden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"strandbrädden","lemma":"strandbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"riverbank"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"searched"},{"surface":"musslor","lemma":"mussla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"mussels"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"springande","lemma":"springande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"running","note":"Present participle of springa (to run), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on frågade","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":106,"label":"26","id":"ch11-p26-s1","source":"Nej, det hade han visst inte.","translation":"No, he certainly had not.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Nej","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch11-p26-s2","source":"Ja, då var gåskarlen borta igen.","translation":"Well then, the gander was gone again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on var","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch11-p26-s3","source":"Han hade gått vilse i dimman på samma sätt som förra dagen.","translation":"He had gone astray in the fog the same way as the day before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone astray"},{"surface":"vilse","lemma":"vilse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"astray"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dagen","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sätt","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":109,"label":"27","id":"ch11-p27-s1","source":"Pojken sprang åstad i stor förfäran och började söka.","translation":"The boy ran off in great alarm and began to search.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"subject of åstad","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"off","note":"Fixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off')."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förfäran","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies förfäran","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"förfäran","lemma":"förfäran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of åstad","gloss":"fright"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with åstad","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"search"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ch11-p27-s2","source":"Han fann ett ställe, där Ottenby mur var så nedrasad, att han kunde klättra över den.","translation":"He found a spot where the Ottenby wall had crumbled so much that he could climb over it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nedrasad","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ottenby","lemma":"Ottenby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of mur","gloss":"Ottenby"},{"surface":"mur","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nedrasad","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nedrasad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nedrasad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nedrasad","lemma":"nedrasad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to ställe","gloss":"crumbled"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klättra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klättra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of klättra","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"klättra","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on nedrasad","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klättra","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ch11-p27-s3","source":"Sedan gick han omkring både nere på strandbrädden, som så småningom vidgade ut sig och blev så stor, att där fanns plats för åkrar och ängar och bondgårdar, och uppe på det platta höglandet, som intog mitten av ön, där det inte fanns andra byggnader än väderkvarnar, och där växtmattan var så tunn, att det vita kalkberget lyste fram under den.","translation":"Then he wandered about both down on the shore, which gradually widened and grew so large that there was room for fields and meadows and farmsteads, and up on the flat highland that occupied the middle of the island, where there were no buildings but windmills, and where the plant cover was so thin that the white limestone shone through beneath it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kalkberg","title":"Limestone bedrock","body":"«kalkberg» ('limestone rock') refers to Öland's characteristic thin-soiled limestone plateau — the «Stora Alvaret» — where the ground cover is too shallow to hide the pale bedrock beneath it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandbrädden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"strandbrädden","lemma":"strandbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"riverbank"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vidgade","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vidgade","gloss":"gradually"},{"surface":"småningom","lemma":"småningom","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"gradually","note":"Used in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'"},{"surface":"vidgade","lemma":"vidga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"widened"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vidgade","gloss":"widen"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vidgade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vidgade","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fanns","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkrar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"åkrar","lemma":"åkra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ängar","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with åkrar","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bondgårdar","lemma":"bondgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ängar","gloss":"farms"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höglandet","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höglandet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of höglandet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"platta","lemma":"platt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies höglandet","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"höglandet","lemma":"höglande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"the highland"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of intog","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"intog","lemma":"inta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on höglandet","gloss":"occupied"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of intog","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"modifies mitten","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"relative clause on mitten","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies byggnader","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"byggnader","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"buildings"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of väderkvarnar","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"väderkvarnar","lemma":"väderkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"adverbial clause on fanns","gloss":"windmills"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tunn","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"växtmattan","lemma":"växtmatta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tunn","gloss":"the plant cover"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tunn","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tunn","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tunn","lemma":"tunn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kalkberget","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kalkberget","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"kalkberget","lemma":"kalkberg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lyste","gloss":"the limestone hill"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lyste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of intog","gloss":"shone","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lyste","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyste","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":112,"label":"28","id":"ch11-p28-s1","source":"Gåskarlen kunde han emellertid inte finna, och när det led mot kvällen, och pojken måste vända åter till stranden, kunde han inte tro annat, än att reskamraten var förlorad.","translation":"The gander, however, he could not find, and as evening drew near and the boy had to turn back to the shore, he could not help but believe his traveling companion was lost.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarlen","lemma":"Gåskarlen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of finna","gloss":"the gander"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finna","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"emellertid","lemma":"emellertid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finna","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies vända","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of led","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase när","gloss":"drew near","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvällen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"kvällen","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of när","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vända","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vända","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"vända","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with finna","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vända","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of åter","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with finna","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tro","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förlorad","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förlorad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"reskamraten","lemma":"reskamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förlorad","gloss":"traveling companion"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förlorad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förlorad","lemma":"förlorad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tro","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ch11-p28-s2","source":"Han var så modlös, att han inte visste vad han skulle ta sig till.","translation":"He was so downcast that he did not know what to do with himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of modlös","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to modlös","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies modlös","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"modlös","lemma":"modlös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"downhearted"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on modlös","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":114,"label":"29","id":"ch11-p29-s1","source":"Han hade redan klättrat över muren igen, när han hörde en sten rasa ner tätt bredvid.","translation":"He had already climbed back over the wall when he heard a stone tumble down close beside him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klättrat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of klättrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klättrat","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"klättrat","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muren","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"muren","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klättrat","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klättrat","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on rasa","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"rasa","lemma":"rasa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with klättrat","gloss":"tumble down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rasa","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bredvid","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rasa","gloss":"nearby"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"ch11-p29-s2","source":"När han vände sig om för att se vad det var, tyckte han sig urskilja något, som rörde sig i en stenhög, som låg alldeles invid muren.","translation":"When he turned to see what it was, he thought he could make out something moving in a heap of stones that lay right up against the wall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vände","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of var","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"urskilja","lemma":"urskilja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"to make out"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of urskilja","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenhög","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stenhög","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stenhög","lemma":"stenhög","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rörde","gloss":"stone heap"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on stenhög","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies invid","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"invid","lemma":"invid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"close to","note":"Functions as a preposition (\"right next to\") in these examples."},{"surface":"muren","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"wall"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"ch11-p29-s3","source":"Han smög närmare och såg då den vita gåskarlen komma mödosamt vandrande uppför stenhögen med flera långa rottågor i munnen.","translation":"He crept closer and then saw the white gander come laboriously climbing up the stone heap with several long root strands in his beak.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"såg ... komma","title":"Perception verb + bare infinitive","body":"«såg ... gåskarlen komma ... vandrande» ('saw the gander come walking') uses a bare infinitive («komma») after a verb of perception («såg») — Swedish, like English, drops any linking preposition or «att» here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"smög","lemma":"smöga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crept/slipped","note":"Past tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'."},{"surface":"närmare","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smög","gloss":"closer","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with smög","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"mödosamt","lemma":"mödosam","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"laboriously"},{"surface":"vandrande","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies stenhögen","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenhögen","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"stenhögen","lemma":"stenhög","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"stone heap"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rottågor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rottågor","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rottågor","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rottågor","lemma":"rottåga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"root strands"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking munnen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"munnen","lemma":"mun","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rottågor","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ch11-p29-s4","source":"Gåskarlen såg inte pojken, och denne ropade inte till honom, utan tyckte, att det var skäl att först ta reda på varför gåskarlen på detta sätt försvann gång på gång.","translation":"The gander did not see the boy, and the boy did not call out to him, but thought it best first to find out why the gander kept disappearing like this again and again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarlen","lemma":"Gåskarlen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"the gander"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denne","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he/this one"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ropade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skäl","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with skäl","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skäl","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"skäl","lemma":"skäl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying skäl","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of försvann","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of försvann","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"försvann","lemma":"försvann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ta","gloss":"disappeared"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of försvann","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":118,"label":"30","id":"ch11-p30-s1","source":"Han fick också snart veta orsaken.","translation":"He soon learned the reason too.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"orsaken","lemma":"orsak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of veta","gloss":"reason"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s2","source":"Uppe i stenröset låg en ung grågås, som ropade av glädje, när gåskarlen kom.","translation":"Up in the stone heap lay a young gray goose, who cried out with joy when the gander arrived.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenröset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stenröset","lemma":"stenrös","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Uppe","gloss":"stone heap"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grågås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ung","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies grågås","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"grågås","lemma":"grågås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on grågås","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glädje","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"glädje","lemma":"glädje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of ropade","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on låg","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s3","source":"Pojken smög närmare, så att han hörde vad de sade, och fick då veta, att grågåsen var skadad i ena vingen, så att hon inte kunde flyga, och att hennes flock hade rest ifrån henne och lämnat henne ensam.","translation":"The boy crept closer, so that he heard what they said, and then learned that the gray goose was injured in one wing, so that she could not fly, and that her flock had traveled on without her and left her alone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of smög","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"smög","lemma":"smöga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"crept"},{"surface":"närmare","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smög","gloss":"closer","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on smög","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hörde","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skadad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skadad","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skadad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"skadad","lemma":"skada","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"injured"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vingen","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vingen","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skadad","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies flyga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flyga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on veta","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rest","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of flock","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rest","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rest","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"rest","lemma":"rest","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with flyga","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rest","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with rest","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of lämnat","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s4","source":"Hon hade varit nära att dö av hunger, när den vita gåskarlen förra dagen hade fått höra hennes rop och sökt upp henne.","translation":"She had come close to dying of hunger when the white gander, the day before, had happened to hear her cries and sought her out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nära","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nära","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to nära","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of dö","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"dö","lemma":"dö","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on nära","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hunger","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hunger","lemma":"hung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of dö","gloss":"hunger","note":"Lemma is a truncated form; the word is 'hunger'."},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höra","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase när","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"happened to","note":"\"hade alltid fått lära sig\" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction (\"had always been taught\"), a distinct sense from the permissive \"gotten to\" readings in the other examples."},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on nära","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of rop","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of höra","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sökt","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with höra","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sökt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sökt","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s5","source":"Alltsedan hade han hållit på att bära mat till henne.","translation":"Ever since, he had kept on bringing food to her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alltsedan","lemma":"Alltsedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hållit","gloss":"ever since"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept on","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bära","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bära","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bära","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hållit","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bära","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bära","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s6","source":"Båda två hade de hoppats, att hon skulle bli frisk, innan han lämnade ön, men hon kunde ännu varken flyga eller gå.","translation":"The two of them had hoped she would recover before he left the island, but she still could neither fly nor walk.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies två","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"subject of passive hoppats","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hoppats","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hoppats","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"hoppats","lemma":"hoppas","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hoppats","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"frisk","lemma":"frisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"recover"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lämnade","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lämnade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lämnade","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnade","gloss":"the island","note":"Definite noun 'ön' (the island); mistagged as pronoun."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flyga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyga","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with lämnade","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with flyga","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s7","source":"Hon var mycket bedrövad över detta, men han tröstade henne med att han inte skulle resa på länge.","translation":"She was very grieved about this, but he comforted her by saying he would not be leaving for a long while yet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bedrövad","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bedrövad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövad","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bedrövad","lemma":"bedrövad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"distressed"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bedrövad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tröstade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tröstade","lemma":"trösta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bedrövad","gloss":"comforted"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tröstade","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of resa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of resa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies resa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tröstade","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking länge","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resa","gloss":"for a long while"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch11-p30-s8","source":"Till sist bjöd han henne godnatt och lovade, att han skulle komma tillbaka nästa dag.","translation":"At last he bid her goodnight and promised he would come back the next day.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies bjöd","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"bjöd","lemma":"bjöd","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bid"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bjöd","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of godnatt","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"godnatt","lemma":"godnatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bjöd","gloss":"goodnight"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lovade","lemma":"lova","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bjöd","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of lovade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":126,"label":"31","id":"ch11-p31-s1","source":"Pojken lät gåskarlen gå, och så snart som han var borta, smög han sig i sin tur upp i stenröset.","translation":"The boy let the gander go, and as soon as he was gone, he in turn crept up into the stone heap.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"lät","lemma":"lät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lät","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snart","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on smög","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"smög","lemma":"smöga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to lät","gloss":"crept/slipped","note":"Past tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smög","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of smög","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies upp","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"tur","lemma":"tur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of smög","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenröset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stenröset","lemma":"stenrös","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"stone heap"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ch11-p31-s2","source":"Han var ond för att han hade blivit narrad, och nu ville han säga den där grågåsen, att gåskarlen var hans egendom.","translation":"He was angry at having been fooled, and now he wanted to tell that gray goose that the gander was his own.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ond","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ond","lemma":"ond","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"angry","note":"this is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on ond","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"narrad","lemma":"narrad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"fooled"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of säga","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säga","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grågåsen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of säga","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of egendom","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of egendom","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase gåskarlen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of egendom","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"egendom","lemma":"egendom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"estate"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ch11-p31-s3","source":"Han skulle föra pojken upp till Lappland, och det kunde inte bli tal om att han finge stanna här för hennes skull.","translation":"He was to carry the boy up to Lapland, and there could be no question of his staying here for her sake.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of föra","gloss":"was to"},{"surface":"föra","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of föra","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föra","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lappland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Lappland","lemma":"Lappland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of föra","gloss":"Lapland"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with föra","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of finge","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finge","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finge","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"finge","lemma":"finge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"were allowed to","note":"past subjunctive of få ('to get/be allowed'); mistagged as supine."},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of finge","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of skull","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bli","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch11-p31-s4","source":"Men när han nu såg unggåsen på nära håll, förstod han både varför gåskarlen hade gått och burit mat till henne i två dar, och varför han inte hade velat tala om, att han hjälpte henne.","translation":"But now that he saw the young goose up close, he understood both why the gander had gone and carried food to her for two days, and why he had not wanted to speak of helping her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"unggåsen","lemma":"unggåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"young goose"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"burit","lemma":"burit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of burit","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of burit","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies dar","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"d","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tala","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tala","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tala","gloss":"wanted","note":"lemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form."},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tala","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hjälpte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjälpte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hjälpte","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tala","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpte","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch11-p31-s5","source":"Hon hade det vackraste lilla huvud, fjäderskruden var som mjukt siden, och ögonen voro milda och bedjande.","translation":"She had the loveliest little head, her plumage was like soft silk, and her eyes were gentle and pleading.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of huvud","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vackraste","lemma":"vackr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies huvud","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huvud","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"huvud","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"fjäderskruden","lemma":"fjäderskrud","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"plumage"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to siden","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of siden","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"mjukt","lemma":"mjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies siden","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"siden","lemma":"side","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"silk"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with siden","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"particle","role":"copula linking to milda","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle."},{"surface":"milda","lemma":"mild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with siden","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bedjande","lemma":"bedjande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with milda","gloss":"pleading"}]},{"number":131,"label":"32","id":"ch11-p32-s1","source":"När hon fick se pojken, ville hon springa undan.","translation":"When she caught sight of the boy, she wanted to run away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on springa","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of springa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of springa","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"springa","lemma":"springa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to run","note":"One cited example uses the homograph springa \"slit/crack\" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb \"to run\"."},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on springa","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch11-p32-s2","source":"Men den vänstra vingen var ur led och släpade mot marken, så att den hindrade alla hennes rörelser.","translation":"But her left wing was out of joint and dragged along the ground, hindering all her movements.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vingen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vänstra","lemma":"vänster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies vingen","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"vingen","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of led","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to led","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"joint","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"släpade","lemma":"släpad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with led","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of släpade","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hindrade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hindrade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hindrade","lemma":"hindra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on led","gloss":"hindered"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies rörelser","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of rörelser","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"rörelser","lemma":"rörelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hindrade","gloss":"movements"}]},{"number":133,"label":"33","id":"ch11-p33-s1","source":"»Du ska inte vara rädd för mig,» sade pojken och såg inte alls så ond ut, som han hade ämnat visa sig.","translation":"\"You mustn't be afraid of me,\" said the boy, and he did not look nearly as angry as he had intended to seem.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rädd","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rädd","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rädd","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ond","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"angry","note":"ond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ämnat","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"intended to"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on sade","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"ch11-p33-s2","source":"»Jag är Tummetott, som är Mårten gåskarls reskamrat,» fortfor han.","translation":"\"I am Thumbietot, Morten Gander's traveling companion,\" he went on.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tummetott","title":"The boy's Swedish name","body":"«Tummetott» is Nils's fairy-sized nickname once he is shrunk — literally a rough Swedish counterpart to 'Tom Thumb' («tumme» = thumb). It is used here instead of «pojken» because the goose is addressing him directly by name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Tummetott","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Tummetott","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of reskamrat","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to reskamrat","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Mårten","lemma":"Mårten","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of reskamrat","gloss":"Morten","note":"the studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'."},{"surface":"gåskarls","lemma":"gåskarls","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies reskamrat","gloss":"gander's"},{"surface":"reskamrat","lemma":"reskamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on Tummetott","gloss":"traveling companion"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Tummetott","gloss":"went on","note":"Mistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortfor","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch11-p33-s3","source":"Och så blev han stående och visste inte vad han ville säga.","translation":"And then he just stood there, not knowing what he wanted to say.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stående","lemma":"ståe","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ville","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ville","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of säga","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"to say"}]},{"number":136,"label":"34","id":"ch11-p34-s1","source":"Det kan ibland finnas något hos djur, som gör, att man undrar vad de äro för slags varelser.","translation":"There can sometimes be something about animals that makes one wonder what sort of creatures they really are.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finnas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of finnas","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hos","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking djur","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on djur","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on finnas","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of varelser","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of varelser","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies de","gloss":"are","note":"Archaic present plural of 'vara' (to be), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varelser","gloss":"sort of"},{"surface":"slags","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of varelser","gloss":"sort"},{"surface":"varelser","lemma":"varelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clausal complement of undrar","gloss":"creatures"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"ch11-p34-s2","source":"Man känner sig nästan rädd för att de skola vara förvandlade människor.","translation":"One almost feels afraid that they might be transformed humans.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känner","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"känner","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of känner","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of känner","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förvandlade","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förvandlade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skola","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"skola","lemma":"skola","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förvandlade","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to förvandlade","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"förvandlade","lemma":"förvandla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on känner","gloss":"transformed"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of förvandlade","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"ch11-p34-s3","source":"Det var något sådant med grågåsen.","translation":"There was something like that about the gray goose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sådant","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sådant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sådant","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grågåsen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sådant","gloss":"greylag goose"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"ch11-p34-s4","source":"Så snart som Tummetott sade vem han var, sänkte hon halsen och huvudet mycket behagfullt inför honom och sade med en röst, som var så vacker, att pojken inte kunde tro, att det var en gås, som talade: »Jag är mycket glad, att du har kommit hit för att bistå mig.","translation":"As soon as Thumbietot said who he was, she lowered her neck and head most gracefully before him and said, in a voice so beautiful that the boy could not believe it was a goose speaking: \"I am very glad that you have come here to help me.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sade","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of var","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on sade","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with halsen","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies behagfullt","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"behagfullt","lemma":"behagfull","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"gracefully"},{"surface":"inför","lemma":"inför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sänkte","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sänkte","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of röst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vacker","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vacker","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vacker","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on röst","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vacker","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gås","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gås","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gås","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of talade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tro","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glad","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to glad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on glad","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bistå","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bistå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bistå","lemma":"bistå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bistå","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"ch11-p34-s5","source":"Den vita gåskarlen har sagt mig, att ingen är så klok och så god som du.»","translation":"The white gander has told me that no one is as wise and as good as you.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"sag","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said","note":"Lemma is a truncated form of säga; surface sagt is the supine, 'said'."},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klok","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klok","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klok","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klok","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"klok","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of sagt","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klok","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of du","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klok","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":141,"label":"35","id":"ch11-p35-s1","source":"Hon sade detta med en sådan värdighet, att pojken blev riktigt blyg.","translation":"She said this with such dignity that the boy grew quite shy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"sa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking värdighet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of värdighet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies värdighet","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"värdighet","lemma":"värdighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"dignity"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of sade","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blyg","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"blyg","lemma":"blyg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"shy"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"ch11-p35-s2","source":"»Det här kan väl inte vara någon fågel,» tänkte han.","translation":"\"This surely cannot be just any bird,\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fågel","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fågel","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fågel","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fågel","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fågel","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to fågel","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågel","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to fågel","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"ch11-p35-s3","source":"»Det är säkert en förtrollad prinsessa.»","translation":"\"It must be an enchanted princess.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of prinsessa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to prinsessa","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förtrollad","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of förtrollad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förtrollad","lemma":"förtrolla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies prinsessa","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"prinsessa","lemma":"prinsessa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"princess"}]},{"number":144,"label":"36","id":"ch11-p36-s1","source":"Han fick stor lust att hjälpa henne och stack in sina små händer under fjädrarna och kände utmed vingbenet.","translation":"He felt a great urge to help her, and he slipped his small hands in under the feathers and felt along the wing bone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lust","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hjälpa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying lust","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stack","lemma":"stack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with henne","gloss":"slipped","note":"This is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hjälpa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of händer","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies händer","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"händer","lemma":"hända","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of fick","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjädrarna","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"fjädrarna","lemma":"fjädr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of händer","gloss":"feathers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with händer","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingbenet","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"vingbenet","lemma":"vingben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kände","gloss":"wing bone"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"ch11-p36-s2","source":"Benet var inte brutet, men det var något i olag med leden.","translation":"The bone was not broken, but there was something wrong with the joint.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Benet","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of brutet","gloss":"bone","note":"ben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to brutet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies brutet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"brutet","lemma":"brute","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to något","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with brutet","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olag","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"olag","lemma":"olag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies något","gloss":"wrong","note":"Used in the expression i olag, 'wrong' or 'out of order.'"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leden","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"leden","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies olag","gloss":"the joint"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch11-p36-s3","source":"Han fick ner fingret i en tom ledhåla.","translation":"He got his finger down into an empty joint socket.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fick","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"fingret","lemma":"fingr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"the finger"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ledhåla","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ledhåla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tom","lemma":"tom","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ledhåla","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"ledhåla","lemma":"ledhåla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"joint socket"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"ch11-p36-s4","source":"»Akta dig nu!» sade han, tog ett fast tag om benpipan och passade in den, där den skulle vara.","translation":"\"Now hold still!\" he said, took a firm grip on the bone, and set it back where it belonged.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akta","lemma":"Akta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies »","gloss":"watch out!","note":"imperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb."},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Akta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Akta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tog","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of tag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase ett","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"tag","lemma":"tag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"grip"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"benpipan","lemma":"benpipan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"the leg bone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"passade","lemma":"passa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"set","note":"'passade på' is an idiom meaning 'seized the opportunity'."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on passade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of passade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"ch11-p36-s5","source":"Han gjorde det riktigt raskt och bra för att vara första gången, som han försökte sig på dylikt, men det måtte ha gjort mycket ont, för den stackars unggåsen utstötte ett enda gällt skrik, och sedan sjönk hon ner bland stenarna utan att ge ifrån sig ett livstecken.","translation":"He did it quite quickly and well for a first attempt at such a thing, but it must have hurt terribly, for the poor young goose let out a single shrill scream, and then sank down among the stones without giving any further sign of life.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies raskt","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"raskt","lemma":"rask","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"quickly","note":"neuter form used adverbially, 'raskt' = briskly/quickly."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with raskt","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to gången","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"gången","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of försökte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on gången","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of försökte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dylikt","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dylikt","lemma":"dylik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of försökte","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with försökte","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ont","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"ont","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"hurt","note":"Both examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"for","note":"mistagged as a verb; every example is the conjunction/preposition 'för' meaning 'for/because'."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of utstötte","gloss":"the","note":"The recorded surface is den in both examples, functioning as the definite article before stackars unggåsen/kon ('the poor young goose/cow'). The glosser incorrectly took enda ('single') elsewhere in the first sentence as the token."},{"surface":"stackars","lemma":"stackars","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"unggåsen","lemma":"unggåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of utstötte","gloss":"young goose"},{"surface":"utstötte","lemma":"utstötte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjorde","gloss":"let out"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of gällt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gällt","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"gällt","lemma":"gälla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies skrik","gloss":"shrill","note":"Used adjectivally/adverbially of a shrill sound (ett gällt skrik = a shrill scream; skrek gällt = screamed shrilly), distinct from gälla \"to apply.\" \"Shrilled\" is the wrong part of speech for these examples."},{"surface":"skrik","lemma":"skrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utstötte","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sjönk","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sjönk","lemma":"sjönk","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjorde","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sjönk","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sjönk","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"bland","lemma":"bland","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenarna","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"stenarna","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sjönk","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ge","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of livstecken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"livstecken","lemma":"livstecken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"sign of life"}]},{"number":149,"label":"37","id":"ch11-p37-s1","source":"Pojken blev förfärligt skrämd.","translation":"The boy was terribly frightened.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrämd","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"skrämd","lemma":"skrämd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"frightened"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"ch11-p37-s2","source":"Han hade velat hjälpa henne, men nu var hon ju död.","translation":"He had wanted to help her, but now she was dead.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjälpa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjälpa","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to död","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies död","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"död","lemma":"död","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hjälpa","gloss":"dead","note":"Examples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival."}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch11-p37-s3","source":"Han tog ett långt hopp ner från stenröset och sprang sin väg.","translation":"He took a long leap down from the stone heap and ran off.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hopp","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hopp","gloss":"long","note":"Both examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance)."},{"surface":"hopp","lemma":"hopp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"leap","note":"Two distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenröset","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"stenröset","lemma":"stenrös","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"stone heap"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sprang","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch11-p37-s4","source":"Han tyckte, att det var, som om han hade dödat en människa.","translation":"It seemed to him as if he had killed a human being.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dödat","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dödat","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dödat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dödat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dödat","lemma":"dödat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on var","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of dödat","gloss":"human being"}]},{"number":153,"label":"38","id":"ch11-p38-s1","source":"Nästa morgon var det klart och dimfritt, och Akka sade, att nu skulle de fortsätta resan.","translation":"The next morning it was clear and free of fog, and Akka said that now they would continue the journey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klart","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klart","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of klart","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"klart","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dimfritt","lemma":"dimfritt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with klart","gloss":"fog-free"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to klart","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortsätta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fortsätta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fortsätta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"fortsätta","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying sade","gloss":"to continue"},{"surface":"resan","lemma":"resa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortsätta","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"ch11-p38-s2","source":"Alla de andra voro villiga att fara, men den vita gåskarlen gjorde invändningar.","translation":"All the others were willing to go, but the white gander raised objections.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of villiga","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of villiga","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"depends on villiga","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"villiga","lemma":"villig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"preposition marking fara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on villiga","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with villiga","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"invändningar","lemma":"invändning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"objections"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"ch11-p38-s3","source":"Pojken förstod nog, att han inte ville fara ifrån grågåsen.","translation":"The boy well understood that he did not want to leave the gray goose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of förstod","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grågåsen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"greylag goose"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch11-p38-s4","source":"Men Akka hörde inte på honom, utan begav sig åstad.","translation":"But Akka would not listen to him, and set off regardless.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"begav","lemma":"begav","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hörde","gloss":"set off","note":"Reflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of begav","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of begav","gloss":"off/away","note":"Actually the adverb/particle 'åstad' used with verbs of motion ('ge sig åstad' = to set off), mistagged as a verb."}]},{"number":157,"label":"39","id":"ch11-p39-s1","source":"Pojken sprang upp på gåskarlens rygg, och den vite följde flocken, fastän långsamt och ovilligt.","translation":"The boy ran up onto the gander's back, and the white one followed the flock, though slowly and unwillingly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sprang","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlens","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"gåskarlens","lemma":"gåskarlens","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"the gander's"},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vite","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vite","lemma":"vite","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"the white one","note":"Substantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander."},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sprang","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of långsamt","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on följde","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ovilligt","lemma":"ovillig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with långsamt","gloss":"unwillingly"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"ch11-p39-s2","source":"Pojken var riktigt glad, att de fingo fara ifrån ön.","translation":"The boy was truly glad that they got to leave the island.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glad","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to glad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"got","note":"Mistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få (\"got/were given\")."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on glad","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"the island"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"ch11-p39-s3","source":"Han hade samvetskval för grågåsens skull och hade inte velat säga gåskarlen hur det hade gått, när han hade velat bota henne.","translation":"He had pangs of conscience over the gray goose, and had not wanted to tell the gander how things had gone when he had tried to cure her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"samvetskval","lemma":"samvetskval","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"pangs of conscience"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grågåsens","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"grågåsens","lemma":"grågås","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the gray goose's"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on grågåsens","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of velat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies velat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"wanted","note":"lemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of velat","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on velat","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bota","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bota","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bota","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of bota","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"bota","lemma":"bota","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"to cure"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bota","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch11-p39-s4","source":"Det vore nog bäst, om Mårten gåskarl aldrig finge veta detta, tänkte han.","translation":"It would probably be best, he thought, if Morten Gander never found this out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bäst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bäst","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finge","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Mårten","lemma":"Mårten","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of finge","gloss":"Morten","note":"the studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'."},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finge","gloss":"gander","note":"'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl."},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finge","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"finge","lemma":"finge","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"adverbial clause on veta","gloss":"might get to","note":"Archaic past subjunctive of få (\"to get/be allowed\")."},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of veta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to veta","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"ch11-p39-s5","source":"På samma gång undrade han på att den vite hade hjärta att fara ifrån grågåsen.","translation":"At the same time he wondered that the white one had the heart to leave the gray goose behind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of undrade","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vite","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vite","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"white one","note":"Definite form used as a noun, referring to the white gander."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on undrade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hjärta","lemma":"hjärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grågåsen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"greylag goose"}]},{"number":162,"label":"40","id":"ch11-p40-s1","source":"Men plötsligen vände gåskarlen.","translation":"But suddenly the gander turned back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"plötsligen","lemma":"plötsligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"ch11-p40-s2","source":"Tanken på unggåsen hade blivit honom övermäktig.","translation":"The thought of the young goose had become too much for him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tanken","lemma":"tanken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"the thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking unggåsen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"unggåsen","lemma":"unggås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Tanken","gloss":"young goose"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of blivit","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"övermäktig","lemma":"övermäktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"too much for"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"ch11-p40-s3","source":"Det finge gå hur det ville med Lapplandsresan.","translation":"Let the journey to Lapland go however it would.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of finge","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"finge","lemma":"finge","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"might get to","note":"Archaic past subjunctive of få (\"to get/be allowed\")."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of finge","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ville","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ville","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of gå","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lapplandsresan","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Lapplandsresan","lemma":"Lapplandsresan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ville","gloss":"the journey to Lapland"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch11-p40-s4","source":"Han kunde inte följa med de andra, när han visste, att hon låg ensam och sjuk och skulle svälta ihjäl.","translation":"He could not go on with the others, knowing that she lay there alone and sick and would starve to death.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies följa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of följa","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on följa","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sjuk","lemma":"sjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ensam","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of svälta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"svälta","lemma":"svälta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"to starve"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of svälta","gloss":"to death","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl)."}]},{"number":166,"label":"41","id":"ch11-p41-s1","source":"Med några vingslag var han framme vid stenröset.","translation":"With a few beats of his wings he was back at the stone heap.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingslag","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vingslag","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"vingslag","lemma":"vingslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"wingbeats"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"framme","lemma":"framme","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"there","note":"'vara framme' = to have arrived/be at the front."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenröset","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"stenröset","lemma":"stenrös","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"stone heap"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"ch11-p41-s2","source":"Men då låg det ingen grå unggås mellan stenarna.","translation":"But then there was no young gray goose lying among the stones.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of unggås","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"grå","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies unggås","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"unggås","lemma":"unggås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"young goose"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"stenarna","lemma":"stenarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"the stones"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch11-p41-s3","source":"»Dunfin!","translation":"\"Dunfin!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dunfin","title":"The gray goose's name","body":"«Dunfin» is the young gray goose's given name; it echoes «dun» ('down feathers') and «fin» ('fine, lovely') — a name that fits the goose's soft, silky plumage described a few lines earlier."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dunfin","lemma":"dunfin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Dunfin"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"ch11-p41-s4","source":"Dunfin!","translation":"Dunfin!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dunfin","lemma":"Dunfin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Dunfin"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"ch11-p41-s5","source":"Var är du?» frågade gåskarlen.","translation":"Where are you?\" asked the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Var","lemma":"var","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":171,"label":"42","id":"ch11-p42-s1","source":"»Räven har nog varit framme och tagit henne,» tänkte pojken.","translation":"\"The fox has surely gotten to her and taken her,\" thought the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Räven","lemma":"Räven","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies framme","gloss":"the fox","note":"this is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of framme","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies framme","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to framme","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"framme","lemma":"framme","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with framme","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tagit","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to framme","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch11-p42-s2","source":"Men i detsamma hörde han en vacker röst svara gåskarlen: »Jag är här, gåskarl, jag är här!","translation":"But at that very moment he heard a lovely voice answer the gander: \"I'm here, gander, I'm here!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detsamma","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"densamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of röst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"svara","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"to answer"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of svara","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with är","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to här","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"ch11-p42-s3","source":"Jag har bara tagit mig ett morgonbad.»","translation":"I've only taken myself a morning bath.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tagit","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tagit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tagit","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of tagit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of morgonbad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"morgonbad","lemma":"morgonbad","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tagit","gloss":"morning bath"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"ch11-p42-s4","source":"Och upp ur vattnet kom den lilla grågåsen frisk och välbehållen och berättade, att Tummetott hade dragit hennes vinge i led, och att hon var alldeles bra och redo att följa med på färden.","translation":"And up out of the water came the little gray goose, sound and well, and she told them that Thumbietot had set her wing back in joint, and that she was completely well and ready to join the journey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vattnet","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase upp","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of frisk","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to frisk","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grågåsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies grågåsen","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"grågåsen","lemma":"grågåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frisk","gloss":"greylag goose"},{"surface":"frisk","lemma":"frisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"välbehållen","lemma":"välbehåll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with frisk","gloss":"safe and sound","note":"Adjective 'välbehållen' (safe and sound) used predicatively/adverbially."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"berättade","lemma":"berättad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with frisk","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dragit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of dragit","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dragit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dragit","lemma":"draga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with frisk","gloss":"set","note":"Archaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp)."},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of vinge","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"vinge","lemma":"vinge","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of dragit","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking led","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of dragit","gloss":"joint","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bra","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bra","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bra","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with frisk","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"redo","lemma":"redo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with bra","gloss":"ready","note":"One example uses redo as the archaic plural past tense of rida (\"to ride\"), a homograph of the adjective redo (\"ready\")."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of följa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bra","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking färden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"färden","lemma":"färd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of följa","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":175,"label":"43","id":"ch11-p43-s1","source":"Vattendropparna lågo som pärlstänk på hennes sidenskiftande fjädrar, och Tummetott tänkte återigen, att hon var en riktig liten prinsessa.","translation":"The drops of water lay like scattered pearls on her silken-sheened feathers, and Thumbietot thought once again that she was a real little princess.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vattendropparna","lemma":"vattendropep","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of lågo","gloss":"the water drops"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"preposition marking pärlstänk","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"pärlstänk","lemma":"pärlstänk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"relative clause on lågo","gloss":"scattered pearls"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjädrar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of fjädrar","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"sidenskiftande","lemma":"sidenskifta","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies fjädrar","gloss":"silken-sheened"},{"surface":"fjädrar","lemma":"fjäder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies pärlstänk","gloss":"feathers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies Tummetott","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"återigen","lemma":"återig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Tummetott","gloss":"again","note":"This is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prinsessa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of prinsessa","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to prinsessa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of prinsessa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riktig","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies prinsessa","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies prinsessa","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"prinsessa","lemma":"prinsessa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of Tummetott","gloss":"princess"}]}]}