{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch12","title":{"source":"Den stora fjärilen","translated":"The Great Butterfly"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch12","lines":66},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch11","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch13","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch12-p1-s1","source":"Gässen foro fram längsefter den långa ön, som låg tydligt synbar under dem.","translation":"The geese flew on along the length of the long island, which lay clearly visible below them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of synbar","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"längsefter","lemma":"längsefter","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ön","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ön","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies synbar","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"synbar","lemma":"synbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of synbar","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch12-p1-s2","source":"Pojken kände sig glad och lätt om hjärtat under färden.","translation":"The boy felt glad and light of heart during the journey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of kände","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with glad","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hjärtat","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hjärtat","lemma":"hjärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lätt","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking färden","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"färden","lemma":"färd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lätt","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch12-p1-s3","source":"Han var lika så nöjd och belåten, som han hade varit dyster och nedstämd dagen förut, när han hade strövat omkring nere på ön och sökt efter gåskarlen.","translation":"He was just as content and satisfied as he had been gloomy and downcast the day before, when he had wandered about down on the island searching for the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nöjd","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nöjd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nöjd","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nöjd","lemma":"nöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"belåten","lemma":"belåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with nöjd","gloss":"satisfied/content","note":"Predicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of dyster","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dyster","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dyster","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to dyster","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"dyster","lemma":"dyster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on belåten","gloss":"gloomy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nedstämd","lemma":"nedstämd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with dyster","gloss":"downcast"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dyster","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dyster","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of strövat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of strövat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of strövat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"strövat","lemma":"ströva","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on nöjd","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nere","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies strövat","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sökt","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with strövat","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of sökt","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"ch12-p2-s1","source":"Han såg nu, att det inre av ön bestod av en kal högslätt med en bred krans av gott och fruktbart land längsmed kusterna, och han började förstå meningen med något, som han hade hört förra kvällen.","translation":"He saw now that the interior of the island was a bare high plain with a broad wreath of good, fertile land along the coasts, and he began to understand the meaning of something he had heard the evening before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bestod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of inre","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inre","lemma":"inre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"subject of bestod","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies inre","gloss":"the island","note":"Same common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun."},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kal","lemma":"kal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies högslätt","gloss":"bare","note":"Adjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"högslätt","lemma":"högslätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bestod","gloss":"high plain"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking krans","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of krans","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies krans","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"krans","lemma":"krans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of högslätt","gloss":"wreath"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fruktbart","lemma":"fruktbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gott","gloss":"fertile"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies krans","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"längsmed","lemma":"längsmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusterna","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"kusterna","lemma":"kusterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies land","gloss":"the coasts"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies meningen","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"meningen","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of började","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies meningen","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of hört","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kvällen","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"kvällen","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"ch12-p3-s1","source":"Han hade just suttit och vilat vid en av de många väderkvarnarna, som voro resta på högslätten, när ett par fårherdar hade kommit gående med hundarna vid sidan och en stor fårhjord i följe.","translation":"He had just been sitting and resting by one of the many windmills, which stood raised on the high plain, when a couple of shepherds came walking along with their dogs at their sides and a large flock of sheep in tow.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":null,"title":"Archaic plural verb: «voro»","body":"«voro» is the old plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'), used for plural subjects like «väderkvarnarna» ('the windmills'). Modern Swedish dropped verb-number agreement entirely; a 1906 text like this still marks it — you'll see «voro», «äro», «höllo», «gingo» throughout for plural subjects where today's Swedish would just use «var», «är», «höll», «gick»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"väderkvarnarna","title":"Definite plural: -arna","body":"«väderkvarn» ('windmill') is an en-word; its definite plural adds «-arna»: «väderkvarn» → «väderkvarnar» (plural) → «väderkvarnarna» ('the windmills'). Windmills dot the Öland highland in this chapter — real 19th-century features of the island's treeless plain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suttit","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vilat","lemma":"vila","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking en","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vilat","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väderkvarnarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of väderkvarnarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies väderkvarnarna","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"väderkvarnarna","lemma":"väderkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"windmills"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resta","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"possessor of resta","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"resta","lemma":"resta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"clause modifying en","gloss":"raised","note":"Mislabeled as an adjective superlative; resta is the past participle of resa (\"to raise/erect\")."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking högslätten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"högslätten","lemma":"högslätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of resta","gloss":"high plateau"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fårherdar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"fårherdar","lemma":"fårherd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"shepherds"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clause modifying en","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"gående","lemma":"gå","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hundarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hundarna","lemma":"hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fårhjord","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase vid","gloss":"at their sides"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase vid","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fårhjord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fårhjord","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"fårhjord","lemma":"fårhjord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"flock of sheep"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"följe","lemma":"följe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"company"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch12-p3-s2","source":"Pojken hade inte blivit rädd, för han hade suttit väl gömd under kvarntrappan.","translation":"The boy had not become afraid, for he had sat well hidden under the windmill steps.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies blivit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of suttit","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suttit","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"gömd","lemma":"gömda","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"depends on suttit","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvarntrappan","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"kvarntrappan","lemma":"kvarntrappa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of suttit","gloss":"the windmill steps"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch12-p3-s3","source":"Men det hade fallit sig så, att herdarna hade kommit och satt sig på samma trappa, och då hade det inte varit annat för pojken ätt göra än att hålla sig stilla.","translation":"But it so happened that the shepherds had come and sat down on that very same step, and then there had been nothing else for the boy to do but keep himself still.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hålla sig stilla","title":"Reflexive «sig»","body":"«hålla sig stilla» literally 'hold oneself still' — «sig» is the reflexive pronoun used for third-person subjects (he/she/it/they) regardless of gender or number. Swedish reflexive verbs like this are common where English just uses an intransitive verb ('keep still')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fallit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fallit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"falli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of fallit","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fallit","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"herdarna","lemma":"herd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"the shepherds"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of fallit","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kommit","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trappa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of trappa","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"trappa","lemma":"trappa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"staircase"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of annat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with annat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to annat","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with kommit","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ätt","lemma":"ätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of kommit","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"to keep still"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":8,"label":"4","id":"ch12-p4-s1","source":"Den ena herden var ung och såg ut, som folk gör mest, den andre var en gammal besynnerlig en.","translation":"One of the shepherds was young and looked the way most people do; the other was an old, peculiar fellow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of herden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies herden","gloss":"one of"},{"surface":"herden","lemma":"herd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ung","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ung","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ung","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ung","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"the way","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ung","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gör","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of besynnerlig","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to besynnerlig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of besynnerlig","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies besynnerlig","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"besynnerlig","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to ung","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of besynnerlig","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch12-p4-s2","source":"Kroppen var stor och knotig, men huvudet var litet, och ansiktet hade veka och milda drag.","translation":"His body was big and knotty, but his head was small, and his face had soft and gentle features.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kroppen","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"knotig","lemma":"knotig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"knobby"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ansiktet","lemma":"ansikt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the face"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"veka","lemma":"veka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies drag","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"milda","lemma":"mild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with veka","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"drag","lemma":"drag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"features"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch12-p4-s3","source":"Det föreföll, som om kropp och huvud alls inte ville passa ihop.","translation":"It seemed as though body and head did not want to match each other at all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of föreföll","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"föreföll","lemma":"föreföll","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed","note":"Actually a past-tense form of förefalla ('seemed'), despite the present-indicative tag."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kropp","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kropp","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"kropp","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of föreföll","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvud","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies passa","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies passa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of passa","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"passa","lemma":"passa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kropp","gloss":"match"},{"surface":"ihop","lemma":"ihop","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on passa","gloss":"together"}]},{"number":11,"label":"5","id":"ch12-p5-s1","source":"En stund satt han tyst och stirrade in i dimman med en obeskrivligt trött blick.","translation":"For a while he sat silent and stared into the mist with an indescribably weary gaze.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyst","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of satt","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"stared","note":"Really the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stirrade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dimman","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blick","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of blick","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"obeskrivligt","lemma":"obeskrivlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trött","gloss":"indescribably"},{"surface":"trött","lemma":"trött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blick","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"blick","lemma":"blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"glance"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch12-p5-s2","source":"Så började han tala med","translation":"Then he began to speak to","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tala","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":13,"label":"6","id":"ch12-p6-s1","source":"kamraten.","translation":"his companion.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"kamraten","lemma":"kamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch12-p6-s2","source":"Denne tog då upp bröd och ost ur sin påse för att äta sin aftonvard.","translation":"The latter then took out bread and cheese from his bag to eat his supper.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Denne","lemma":"Denne","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"bröd","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ost","lemma":"ost","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bröd","gloss":"cheese"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking påse","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of påse","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"påse","lemma":"påse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ost","gloss":"bag"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tog","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of aftonvard","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"aftonvard","lemma":"aftonvard","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of äta","gloss":"supper"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch12-p6-s3","source":"Han svarade nästan ingenting, men han hörde på mycket tåligt, alldeles som om han hade tänkt: »Jag ska väl göra dig den glädjen att låta dig prata en stund.»","translation":"He answered almost nothing, but he listened very patiently, quite as if he had thought: »I suppose I'll do you the favor of letting you talk for a while.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ingenting","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of svarade","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svarade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tåligt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tåligt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"tåligt","lemma":"tålig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"patiently"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tänkt","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tänkt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on svarade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"suppose"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of glädjen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"glädjen","lemma":"glädje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying glädjen","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"prata","lemma":"prata","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"to talk"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of prata","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":16,"label":"7","id":"ch12-p7-s1","source":"»Nu ska jag tala om något för dig, Erik,» sade den gamla herden.","translation":"»Now I'm going to tell you something, Erik,» said the old shepherd.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sade den gamla herden","title":"V2: verb before subject","body":"After a fronted quotation, Swedish keeps the verb in second position and inverts it ahead of the subject: «sade den gamla herden» ('said the old shepherd'), not «den gamla herden sade». This verb-second (V2) rule is the backbone of Swedish word order and fires whenever something other than the subject opens the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tala","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tala","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies något","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Erik","lemma":"Erik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with dig","gloss":"Erik"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to tala","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of herden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies herden","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"herden","lemma":"herd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"shepherd"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch12-p7-s2","source":"»Jag har tänkt ut, att förr i världen, då både människor och djur var mycket större, än de nu är, blev väl också fjärilarna alldeles ofantligt stora.","translation":"»I have worked out that long ago, when both people and animals were much bigger than they are now, the butterflies too must have grown altogether enormous.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tänkt","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of är","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förr","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of större","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with människor","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to större","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"större","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"adverbial clause on förr","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of är","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of är","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"fjärilarna","lemma":"fjärilarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stora","gloss":"the butterflies"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ofantligt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ofantligt","lemma":"ofantlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"immensely"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"big"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch12-p7-s3","source":"Och en gång fanns det en fjäril, som var många mil lång och hade vingar, som var breda som sjöar.","translation":"And once there was a butterfly that was many miles long and had wings as broad as lakes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjäril","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjäril","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of lång","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"determiner of mil","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies mil","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies lång","gloss":"miles","note":"Swedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation."},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on fjäril","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of breda","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to breda","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"breda","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on vingar","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjöar","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"sjöar","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of breda","gloss":"lakes"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch12-p7-s4","source":"De där vingarna var blåa och silverblänkande och så granna, att när fjärilen var ute och flög, stod alla andra djur och stirrade efter den.","translation":"Those wings were blue and shimmering silver and so splendid that when the butterfly was out flying, all the other animals stood staring after it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blåa","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of blåa","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to blåa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"in apposition to De","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"silverblänkande","lemma":"silverblänkande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with blåa","gloss":"shimmering silver"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"granna","lemma":"granna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with blåa","gloss":"fine","note":"adjective granna ('fine, splendid, gaily colored'); mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fjärilen","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on De","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of djur","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"stared","note":"Really the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stirrade","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":20,"label":"8","id":"ch12-p8-s1","source":"Det var förstås det felet med den, att den var för stor.","translation":"Of course, the trouble with it was that it was too big.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with förstås","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förstås","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of felet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"felet","lemma":"fel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of förstås","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies felet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying felet","gloss":"big"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s2","source":"Vingarna hade svårt att bära den.","translation":"Its wings had trouble carrying it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vingarna","lemma":"vineg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wings"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bära","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bära","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bära","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s3","source":"Men det hade nog gått bra, om den hade varit klok nog att hålla sig kvar över landbacken.","translation":"But it would probably have gone well enough, if it had been wise enough to stay over the mainland.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"well enough"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klok","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klok","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of klok","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to klok","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"klok","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klok","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on klok","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landbacken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"landbacken","lemma":"landback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"shoreland","note":"Dialectal/archaic word for the coastal mainland as seen from the sea."}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s4","source":"Men det var den inte, utan den gav sig åstad ut över Östersjön.","translation":"But it was not, and instead it set off out over the Baltic Sea.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gav sig åstad","title":"Particle verb: «ge sig åstad»","body":"«ge sig åstad» ('set off, depart') pairs the reflexive «ge sig» ('betake oneself') with the adverb «åstad» ('on one's way'). Reflexive-plus-particle combinations like this are common idiomatic units in Swedish; you cannot translate them word by word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"set off","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of gav","gloss":"off/away","note":"Actually the adverb/particle 'åstad' used with verbs of motion ('ge sig åstad' = to set off), mistagged as a verb."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on åstad","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östersjön","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Östersjön","lemma":"Östersjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of åstad","gloss":"the Baltic Sea"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s5","source":"Och den var inte långt hunnen, förrän stormen kom emot den och började slita i vingarna.","translation":"And it had not gotten far before the storm came against it and began tearing at its wings.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hunnen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hunnen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hunnen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunnen","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"hunnen","lemma":"hunn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"gotten (this far)","note":"Mistagged as noun; it is the past participle 'hunnen' of 'hinna' (to reach/get as far as)."},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stormen","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"slita","lemma":"slita","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to tear"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slita","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s6","source":"Ja, det är lätt att begripa, du Erik, hur det skulle gå, när en östersjöstorm fick handskas med sköra fjärilvingar.","translation":"Yes, it's easy to understand, you Erik, how it would go, when a Baltic storm got to handle fragile butterfly wings.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of begripa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Erik","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Erik","lemma":"Erik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on lätt","gloss":"Erik"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Erik","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of östersjöstorm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"östersjöstorm","lemma":"östersjöstorm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"Baltic storm"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"got to"},{"surface":"handskas","lemma":"handskas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"to handle"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sköra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sköra","lemma":"sköra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fick","gloss":"fragile"},{"surface":"fjärilvingar","lemma":"fjärilving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sköra","gloss":"butterfly wings"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s7","source":"Det dröjde inte, förrän de var bortryckta och bortvirvlade, och då föll förstås fjärilstackaren ner i havet.","translation":"It wasn't long before they were torn away and whirled off, and then, of course, the poor butterfly fell down into the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dröjde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dröjde","lemma":"dröj","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was long in coming","note":"Idiomatic: \"det dröjde inte länge\" = \"it was not long before.\""},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bortryckta","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bortryckta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bortryckta","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bortryckta","lemma":"bortryckta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on dröjde","gloss":"torn away"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bortvirvlade","lemma":"bortvirvlad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with bortryckta","gloss":"whirled away"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föll","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with dröjde","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föll","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"fjärilstackaren","lemma":"fjärilstackar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"the poor butterfly"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies föll","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s8","source":"Den vräktes fram och tillbaka i vågorna till en början, och sedan strandade den på några klippgrund utanför Småland.","translation":"It was tossed back and forth in the waves at first, and then it ran aground on some rocky shoals off Småland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Småland","title":"Real Swedish province","body":"«Småland» is a real historical province on the southeastern Swedish mainland, facing Öland across the Kalmar Sound — the book keeps its fantastical geology anchored to actual Swedish places."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive vräktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vräktes","lemma":"vräktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was tossed"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vräktes","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågorna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vräktes","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking början","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of början","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"början","lemma":"början","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vräktes","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies strandade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"strandade","lemma":"stranda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vräktes","gloss":"ran aground"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of strandade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klippgrund","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of klippgrund","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"klippgrund","lemma":"klippgrund","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of strandade","gloss":"rocky shoals"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Småland","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"Småland","lemma":"Småland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies klippgrund","gloss":"Småland"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch12-p8-s9","source":"Och där blev den liggande, så stor och lång, som den var.","translation":"And there it lay, as big and long as it was.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liggande","lemma":"liggande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to blev","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on som","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."}]},{"number":29,"label":"9","id":"ch12-p9-s1","source":"Nu tänker jag mig, Erik, att om fjärilen hade blivit liggande på land, så hade den snart multnat och fallit sönder.","translation":"Now I imagine, Erik, that if the butterfly had stayed lying on land, it would soon have rotted and fallen apart.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänker","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tänker","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tänker","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Erik","lemma":"Erik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tänker","gloss":"Erik"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fjärilen","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tänker","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"liggande","lemma":"liggande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies blivit","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blivit","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on multnat","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of multnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of multnat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies multnat","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"multnat","lemma":"multna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on blivit","gloss":"rotted"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with multnat","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"sönder","lemma":"sönder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fallit","gloss":"apart/broken"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch12-p9-s2","source":"Men eftersom den föll i havet, blev den genompyrd med kalk och så hård som sten.","translation":"But since it fell into the sea, it became thoroughly permeated with lime and as hard as stone.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"genompyrd","title":"Literary compound: «genompyrd»","body":"«genompyrd» ('thoroughly soaked/permeated through') combines the intensifying prefix «genom-» ('through') with the old participle «pyrd» (from «pyra», roughly 'to seep, saturate'). It's a literary, slightly archaic word choice you would not meet in ordinary modern Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of föll","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föll","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of föll","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of genompyrd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"genompyrd","lemma":"genompyrd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"permeated throughout"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kalk","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"kalk","lemma":"kalk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies genompyrd","gloss":"lime"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hård","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hård","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hård","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch12-p9-s3","source":"Du vet nog, att vi har funnit stenar på stranden, som inte har varit annat än förhårdnade maskar.","translation":"You surely know that we have found stones on the shore that were nothing but hardened worms.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vet","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vet","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funnit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of funnit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of funnit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"funnit","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of vet","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"stenar","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of funnit","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnit","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of annat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of annat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to annat","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies maskar","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förhårdnade","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"förhårdnade","lemma":"förhårdna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on annat","gloss":"hardened"},{"surface":"maskar","lemma":"mask","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with funnit","gloss":"worms"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch12-p9-s4","source":"Och nu tror jag, att det gick med den stora fjärilkroppen på samma sätt.","translation":"And now I believe the same thing happened with the great butterfly body.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjärilkroppen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjärilkroppen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fjärilkroppen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"fjärilkroppen","lemma":"fjärilkropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"butterfly body"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch12-p9-s5","source":"Jag tror, att den blev till en lång, smal klippa, där den låg ute i Östersjön.","translation":"I believe it turned into a long, narrow cliff, out where it lay in the Baltic Sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lång","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"smal","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies klippa","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"klippa","lemma":"klippa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"cliff"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on klippa","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östersjön","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Östersjön","lemma":"Östersjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"the Baltic Sea"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch12-p9-s6","source":"Tror inte du det också?»","translation":"Don't you believe that too?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tror","lemma":"Tror","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Tror","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Tror","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Tror","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Tror","gloss":"also"}]},{"number":35,"label":"10","id":"ch12-p10-s1","source":"Han höll upp för att få svar, och den andre nickade åt honom.","translation":"He paused to get an answer, and the other man nodded to him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paused"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"svar","lemma":"svar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of nickade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"nickade","lemma":"nicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with höll","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nickade","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch12-p10-s2","source":"»Håll nu på, så att jag får höra vart du vill komma!» sade han.","translation":"»Go on, so I can hear where you're headed!» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Håll","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Håll","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of höra","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Håll","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of höra","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Håll","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":37,"label":"11","id":"ch12-p11-s1","source":"»Och märk nu, Erik, att det här Öland, som du och jag lever på, det är ingenting annat än den gamla fjärilkroppen.","translation":"»And now note, Erik, that this Öland, which you and I live on, is nothing other than the old butterfly's body.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fjärilkroppen","title":"Closed compound: «fjäril» + «kropp»","body":"Swedish freely fuses nouns without a space or hyphen: «fjäril» ('butterfly') + «kropp» ('body') + the definite suffix «-en» gives «fjärilkroppen» ('the butterfly's body'/'the butterfly-body'). This kind of closed compounding is the normal way Swedish builds new nouns, unlike English, which usually keeps two words or adds 'of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"märk","lemma":"märk","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märk","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Erik","lemma":"Erik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of märk","gloss":"Erik"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Öland","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Öland","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clause modifying Erik","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of lever","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lever","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with du","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"lever","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Öland","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lever","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with annat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to annat","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"parallel clause to märk","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fjärilkroppen","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjärilkroppen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fjärilkroppen","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"fjärilkroppen","lemma":"fjärilkropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on annat","gloss":"butterfly body"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch12-p11-s2","source":"Bara man tänker efter, så märker man, att ön är en fjäril.","translation":"If you just think it over, you'll notice that the island is a butterfly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänker","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänker","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tänker","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on märker","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tänker","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on märker","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"märker","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"notices"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märker","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fjäril","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fjäril","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fjäril","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjäril","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjäril","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of märker","gloss":"butterfly"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch12-p11-s3","source":"Mot norr syns den smala framkroppen och det runda huvudet, och mot söder ser man bakkroppen, som först breder ut sig och sedan smalnar av till en vass spets.»","translation":"To the north you can see the narrow foreparts and the round head, and to the south you see the hind body, which first spreads itself out and then narrows down to a sharp point.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies syns","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase Mot","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"syns","lemma":"synas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you can see"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of framkroppen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies framkroppen","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"framkroppen","lemma":"framkropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of syns","gloss":"the forepart"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of huvudet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"runda","lemma":"rund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huvudet","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with framkroppen","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase mot","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with syns","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"bakkroppen","lemma":"bakkropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ser","gloss":"the hind body"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of breder","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies breder","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"breder","lemma":"breda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bakkroppen","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on breder","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of breder","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smalnar","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"smalnar","lemma":"smaln","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with breder","gloss":"narrows"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on smalnar","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spets","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of spets","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vass","lemma":"vass","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies spets","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"spets","lemma":"spets","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of smalnar","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":40,"label":"12","id":"ch12-p12-s1","source":"Här höll han inne än en gång och såg på kamraten, liksom ängslig för hur denne skulle ta detta påstående.","translation":"Here he paused once more and looked at his companion, as if anxious about how the other would take this claim.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paused"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"paused"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höll","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with höll","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kamraten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"kamraten","lemma":"kamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ängslig","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"ängslig","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"he","note":"Archaic masculine demonstrative \"denne\" used anaphorically for a previously named male person."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ängslig","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of påstående","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"påstående","lemma":"påstående","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"claim"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch12-p12-s2","source":"Men den unge fortsatte att äta i största lugn och nickade åt honom att fortsätta.","translation":"But the young one went on eating in perfect calm and nodded to him to continue.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of unge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"unge","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fortsatte","gloss":"young one"},{"surface":"fortsatte","lemma":"fortsatte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fortsatte","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lugn","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies lugn","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"lugn","lemma":"lugn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of äta","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nickade","lemma":"nicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with äta","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nickade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fortsätta","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on nickade","gloss":"to continue"}]},{"number":42,"label":"13","id":"ch12-p13-s1","source":"»Så snart som fjärilen hade blivit förbytt till en kalkstensklippa, kom mångahanda frön av örter och träd farande med vinden och ville slå rot på den.","translation":"»As soon as the butterfly had been turned into a limestone cliff, all manner of seeds of herbs and trees came flying with the wind and wanted to take root on it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"slå rot","title":"Particle verb: «slå rot»","body":"«slå rot» ('take root', literally 'strike root') is a fixed particle-verb idiom, used here of the first plants trying to establish themselves on the bare new cliff."}],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"fjärilen","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"depends on Så","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"förbytt","lemma":"förbytt","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kalkstensklippa","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kalkstensklippa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kalkstensklippa","lemma":"kalkstensklippa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förbytt","gloss":"a limestone cliff"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"mångahanda","lemma":"mångahand","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies frön","gloss":"all manner of"},{"surface":"frön","lemma":"frön","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"seeds"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking örter","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"örter","lemma":"ört","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies frön","gloss":"herbs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with örter","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"farande","lemma":"farande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"traveling","note":"Present participle 'flying/traveling', used adverbially with verbs of motion."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vinden","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slå","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"take root"},{"surface":"rot","lemma":"rot","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of slå","gloss":"root"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch12-p13-s2","source":"Men de hade allt svårt att få fäste på det kala och glatta berget.","translation":"But they all had a hard time getting a foothold on the bare, smooth rock.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svårt","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on hade","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"fäste","lemma":"fäste","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"foothold"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of berget","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kala","lemma":"kal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies berget","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glatta","lemma":"glatta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kala","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch12-p13-s3","source":"Det dröjde länge, innan någonting annat än starr kunde växa där.","translation":"It was a long time before anything but sedge could grow there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dröjde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dröjde","lemma":"dröj","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was long in coming","note":"Idiomatic: \"det dröjde inte länge\" = \"it was not long before.\""},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"a long time"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of växa","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"någonting","lemma":"någonting","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"anything","note":"Indefinite pronoun, mistagged here as an adverb."},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies starr","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of starr","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"starr","lemma":"starr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of växa","gloss":"sedge"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of växa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"växa","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on dröjde","gloss":"to grow"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies växa","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch12-p13-s4","source":"Sedan kom fårsvingeln och solvändan och törnriset.","translation":"Then came the sheep's fescue, the rock-rose, and the thornbushes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fårsvingeln, solvändan, törnriset","title":"Alvar flora, by name","body":"«fårsvingel» (sheep's fescue, a tough grass), «solvända» (a rock-rose), and «törne» (thorn-scrub) are among the real hardy plants of Stora Alvaret, Öland's limestone plain — the book names the actual pioneer species of this famously thin-soiled landscape."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"fårsvingeln","lemma":"fårsvingel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"the sheep fescue"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solvändan","lemma":"solvända","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fårsvingeln","gloss":"the rockrose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"törnriset","lemma":"törnris","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fårsvingeln","gloss":"the thornbushes"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch12-p13-s5","source":"Men än i dag finns det inte så mycken växtlighet på Alvaret, att berget blir riktigt skylt, utan det lyser fram både här och där.","translation":"But even to this day there isn't so much vegetation on the Alvar that the rock is properly covered; it shows through here and there instead.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Alvaret","title":"«Alvaret» — the Great Alvar","body":"«Alvaret» (definite form of «alvar») names the Stora Alvaret, a vast, nearly treeless limestone plain covering the middle of Öland — a real, distinctive landscape, still famously thin-soiled and open today."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies växtlighet","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"växtlighet","lemma":"växtlighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"vegetation"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alvaret","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Alvaret","lemma":"Alvaret","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies växtlighet","gloss":"the Alvar"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying växtlighet","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skylt","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"skylt","lemma":"skylt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lyser","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lyser","lemma":"lysa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on finns","gloss":"shows through"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lyser","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with lyser","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch12-p13-s6","source":"Och ingen kan tänka på att plöja och så häroppe, där jordskorpan är så tunn.","translation":"And no one can think of plowing and sowing up here, where the crust of soil is so thin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of plöja","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of plöja","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"plöja","lemma":"plöja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"to plow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"sow"},{"surface":"häroppe","lemma":"häroppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänka","gloss":"up here","note":"Functions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tunn","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"jordskorpan","lemma":"jordskorpa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tunn","gloss":"the soil crust"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tunn","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tunn","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tunn","lemma":"tunn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on häroppe","gloss":"thin"}]},{"number":48,"label":"14","id":"ch12-p14-s1","source":"Men om du nu går in på det, att Alvaret och landborgarna, som står runt omkring det, är bildade av fjärilkroppen, så kan du väl ha rätt att fråga var det landet, som ligger nedanför landborgarna, har kommit ifrån.»","translation":"But if you now grant that the Alvar and the coastal cliffs standing around it are formed from the butterfly's body, then you may well have the right to ask where the land lying below the cliffs has come from.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"landborgarna","title":"Öland's cliff-edges: «landborg»","body":"«landborg» is a regional geographic term for the low limestone escarpments ringing the Öland plateau, where the Alvar breaks down toward the coastal farmland — a real feature of the island named plainly in the shepherd's geology."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of går","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of går","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on ha","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on går","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bildade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Alvaret","lemma":"Alvar","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of bildade","gloss":"the Alvar","note":"The Stora Alvaret limestone plain on Öland."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"landborgarna","lemma":"landborg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Alvaret","gloss":"coastal cliffs"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of står","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Alvaret","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies står","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of står","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bildade","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bildade","lemma":"bilda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of går","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjärilkroppen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"fjärilkroppen","lemma":"fjärilkropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of bildade","gloss":"butterfly body"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on ha","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fråga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fråga","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying rätt","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to landet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with landet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ha","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landet","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"nedanför","lemma":"nedanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landborgarna","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"landborgarna","lemma":"landborg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"coastal cliffs"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to ha","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"from"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch12-p14-s2","source":"— »Ja, det är just det,» sade han, som åt.","translation":"— »Yes, that's just it,» said the one who was eating.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"—","title":"Dash marks a change of speaker","body":"The em-dash — opens this line mid-paragraph to signal that the *other* shepherd is now speaking, without starting a new paragraph. Swedish dialogue often switches speaker this way inside one block of text, using the dash rather than a line break."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on ,","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with det","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies det","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with ,","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to det","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of åt","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"complement of sade","gloss":"eating"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch12-p14-s3","source":"»Det skulle jag nog vilja veta.»","translation":"»That I would indeed like to know.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of veta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"vilja","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"to want"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to know"}]},{"number":51,"label":"15","id":"ch12-p15-s1","source":"»Jo, du får komma ihåg, att Öland har legat i havet i bra många år, och under tiden har allt sådant, som vräker omkring med vågorna, tång och sand och snäckor, samlat sig runt om det och blivit liggande.","translation":"»Well, you must remember that Öland has lain in the sea for a good many years, and meanwhile everything that drifts about with the waves — seaweed and sand and shells — has gathered around it and settled there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"well/yes","note":"used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of legat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of legat","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of legat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"legat","lemma":"legat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on komma","gloss":"lain"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of legat","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking år","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies år","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of legat","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sådant","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sådant","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sådant","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on samlat","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of vräker","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vräker","lemma":"vräka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"in apposition to sådant","gloss":"drifts"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vräker","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vräker","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"tång","lemma":"tång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vågorna","gloss":"seaweed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sand","lemma":"sand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vågorna","gloss":"sand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snäckor","lemma":"snäcka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vågorna","gloss":"shells"},{"surface":"samlat","lemma":"samla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with legat","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of samlat","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies samlat","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of samlat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with samlat","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"liggande","lemma":"liggande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies blivit","gloss":"lying"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch12-p15-s2","source":"Och så har sten och grus rasat ner från både östra och västra landborgen.","translation":"And so stone and gravel have tumbled down from both the eastern and the western cliffs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on har","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grus","lemma":"grus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with sten","gloss":"gravel"},{"surface":"rasat","lemma":"rasa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"complement of har","gloss":"tumbled down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rasat","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landborgen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"östra","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"modifies landborgen","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"västra","lemma":"västra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landborgen","gloss":"western"},{"surface":"landborgen","lemma":"landborg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rasat","gloss":"the coastal cliff"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch12-p15-s3","source":"På det sättet har ön fått breda stränder, där det kan växa säd och blommor och träd.","translation":"In that way the island has gotten broad shores, where grain and flowers and trees can grow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sättet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sättet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sättet","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"breda","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stränder","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"stränder","lemma":"stränd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies växa","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of växa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of växa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"växa","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on stränder","gloss":"to grow"},{"surface":"säd","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of växa","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blommor","lemma":"blomma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with säd","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with blommor","gloss":"trees"}]},{"number":54,"label":"16","id":"ch12-p16-s1","source":"Häroppe på hårda fjärilryggen går endast får och kor och småhästar, här bor bara vipor och brockfågel, och inga andra byggnader finns här än väderkvarnar och några fattiga stenskjul, där vi herdar kryper in.","translation":"Up here on the butterfly's hard back only sheep and cattle and small horses graze; only lapwings and stone-curlews live here, and no buildings stand here but windmills and a few poor stone huts, where we shepherds creep in.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vipor och brockfågel","title":"Alvar birds, by name","body":"«vipa» (lapwing) and «brockfågel» (an old regional name for the stone-curlew) are ground-nesting birds still characteristic of Öland's open Alvar grassland."}],"words":[{"surface":"Häroppe","lemma":"Häroppe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of går","gloss":"up here","note":"Adverb 'up here'; mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjärilryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hårda","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fjärilryggen","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"fjärilryggen","lemma":"fjärilrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Häroppe","gloss":"the butterfly's back"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"endast","lemma":"endast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to går","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kor","lemma":"kor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with får","gloss":"cows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"småhästar","lemma":"småhäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kor","gloss":"small horses"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to går","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vipor","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"vipor","lemma":"vipa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"lapwings"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brockfågel","lemma":"brockfågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vipor","gloss":"stone-curlew"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of byggnader","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies byggnader","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"byggnader","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"buildings"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"coordinated with går","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of väderkvarnar","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"väderkvarnar","lemma":"väderkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"adverbial clause on finns","gloss":"windmills"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stenskjul","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"fattiga","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenskjul","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"stenskjul","lemma":"stenskjul","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with väderkvarnar","gloss":"stone huts"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kryper","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of herdar","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"herdar","lemma":"herda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"part of the phrase där","gloss":"shepherds"},{"surface":"kryper","lemma":"krypa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on stenskjul","gloss":"creeps"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kryper","gloss":"in"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch12-p16-s2","source":"Men nere på stranden ligger stora bondbyar och kyrkor och prästgårdar och fiskelägen och en hel stad.»","translation":"But down on the shore lie big farming villages and churches and parsonages and fishing hamlets and a whole town.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligger","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bondbyar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"bondbyar","lemma":"bondbyar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"farming villages"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kyrkor","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bondbyar","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prästgårdar","lemma":"prästgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bondbyar","gloss":"parsonages"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fiskelägen","lemma":"fiskeläg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with bondbyar","gloss":"fishing villages"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hel","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stad","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bondbyar","gloss":"town"}]},{"number":56,"label":"17","id":"ch12-p17-s1","source":"Han såg frågande på den andre.","translation":"He looked questioningly at the other.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"frågande","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"questioningly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andre","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch12-p17-s2","source":"Denne hade slutat att äta och höll på att knyta ihop matsäckspåsen.","translation":"The latter had stopped eating and was tying up his food bag.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Denne","lemma":"Denne","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of slutat","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slutat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"slutat","lemma":"sluta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on slutat","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slutat","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of knyta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"knyta","lemma":"knyta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"tie up"},{"surface":"ihop","lemma":"ihop","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on knyta","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"matsäckspåsen","lemma":"matsäckspås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of knyta","gloss":"the food bag"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch12-p17-s3","source":"»Jag undrar vart du vill komma med allt det här,» sade han.","translation":"»I wonder where you're going with all this,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of undrar","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase allt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to undrar","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":59,"label":"18","id":"ch12-p18-s1","source":"»Jo, det är bara detta, som jag ville veta,» sade herden, medan han sänkte rösten, så att han nästan viskade fram orden, och såg inåt dimman med sina små ögon, som syntes vara uttröttade av att speja efter allt det, som inte finns, »bara detta ville jag veta: om bönderna, som bor i de kringbyggda gårdarna nere under landborgarna, eller fiskarna, som tar opp strömmingen ur havet, eller köpmännen i Borgholm eller badgästerna, som far hit var sommar, eller de resande, som vandrar omkring i Borgholms slottsruin, eller jägarna, som om hösten kommer hit och jagar rapphöns, eller målarna, som sitter här på Alvaret och målar av fåren och väderkvarnarna, — jag skulle vilja veta om någon av dem förstår, att den här ön har varit en fjäril, som har flugit omkring med stora, blänkande vingar.»","translation":"»Well, it's only this that I wanted to know,» said the shepherd, while he lowered his voice, so that he almost whispered the words, and looked into the mist with his small eyes, which seemed worn out from searching for all that does not exist, »this alone I wanted to know: whether the farmers who live in the clustered farms down below the cliffs, or the fishermen who haul the herring up out of the sea, or the merchants in Borgholm, or the summer visitors who come here every summer, or the travelers who wander about in Borgholm Castle ruin, or the hunters who come here in the autumn and hunt partridge, or the painters who sit here on the Alvar and paint the sheep and the windmills — I would like to know whether any of them understands that this island has been a butterfly that once flew about with great, gleaming wings.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Borgholm","title":"Real Öland town and castle","body":"«Borgholm» is Öland's main town, and «Borgholms slottsruin» is the real ruined castle above it — a genuine 1906 tourist landmark the old shepherd lists alongside farmers and fishermen as people who fail to see the island's secret."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on detta","gloss":"well/yes","note":"used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with detta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to detta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detta","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of veta","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on detta","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to detta","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"herden","lemma":"herd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sänkte","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"rösten","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of viskade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viskade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viskade","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"viskade","lemma":"viska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"whispered"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on viskade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"orden","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of viskade","gloss":"the words","note":"Surface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with viskade","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"inåt","lemma":"inåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"into/inward"},{"surface":"dimman","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögon","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of ögon","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ögon","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of uttröttade","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"passive auxiliary of uttröttade","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to uttröttade","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"uttröttade","lemma":"uttrötta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on ögon","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of veta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of veta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"speja","lemma":"speja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of veta","gloss":"searching"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking »","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase efter","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase efter","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detta","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of veta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on uttröttade","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking bönderna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of veta","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bönderna","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gårdarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"kringbyggda","lemma":"kringbyggd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"built around a courtyard"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of bor","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landborgarna","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"landborgarna","lemma":"landborg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"coastal cliffs"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"fiskarna","lemma":"fiskare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with nere","gloss":"fishermen","note":"The definite plural 'fiskarna' is orthographically identical for 'fiskare' (fishermen) and 'fisk' (fish). In example ch20-p2-s2 ('...måtte ha lockat fiskarna...') it is the fish being lured by torchlight, not fishermen — that example belongs to a different lemma and should not be glossed 'fishermen'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tar","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tar","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fiskarna","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"oppa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on tar","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"strömmingen","lemma":"strömming","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"the herring"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tar","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"köpmännen","lemma":"köpmänn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fiskarna","gloss":"merchants"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Borgholm","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Borgholm","lemma":"Borgholm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies köpmännen","gloss":"Borgholm"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"badgästerna","lemma":"badgästerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with köpmännen","gloss":"the summer visitors"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of far","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fiskarna","gloss":"goes","note":"'far' = travels/goes (present tense of 'fara')."},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sommar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sommar","lemma":"sommar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of resande","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"resande","lemma":"resande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with sommar","gloss":"travelers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vandrar","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vandrar","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on resande","gloss":"wanders"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slottsruin","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slottsruin","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Borgholms","lemma":"Borgholm","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of slottsruin","gloss":"Borgholm's"},{"surface":"slottsruin","lemma":"slottsruin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandrar","gloss":"castle ruin"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"jägarna","lemma":"jäg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vandrar","gloss":"the hunters"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking hösten","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"hösten","lemma":"höst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"autumn"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on jägarna","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jagar","lemma":"jaga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kommer","gloss":"hunt"},{"surface":"rapphöns","lemma":"rapphöns","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies jagar","gloss":"partridges"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"målarna","lemma":"målare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with kommer","gloss":"painters"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sitter","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sitter","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on målarna","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sitter","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alvaret","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Alvaret","lemma":"Alvar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sitter","gloss":"the Alvar"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"målar","lemma":"måla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sitter","gloss":"paint"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåren","gloss":"depict"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of målar","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väderkvarnarna","lemma":"väderkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with fåren","gloss":"windmills"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vilja","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"to want"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sommar","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förstår","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstår","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"förstår","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"understand(s)"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fjäril","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fjäril","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fjäril","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to fjäril","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjäril","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjäril","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of förstår","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flugit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flugit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"flugit","lemma":"fluga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on fjäril","gloss":"flown"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"blänkande","lemma":"blänkande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"glittering"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flugit","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":60,"label":"19","id":"ch12-p19-s1","source":"»Åja,» sade den unga herden plötsligt, »nog borde det ha gått opp för någon av dem, som har suttit en kväll på kanten av landborgen och hört näktergalarna slå i lövängen under dem och sett över Kalmar sund, att den här ön inte kan vara tillkommen som alla andra.»","translation":"»Oh yes,» said the young shepherd suddenly, »surely it ought to have dawned on one of those who has sat some evening on the edge of the cliff and heard the nightingales trilling in the leafy meadow below and looked out over the Kalmar Sound, that this island cannot have come into being like all the others.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kalmar sund","title":"The Kalmar Sound","body":"«Kalmar sund» is the real strait separating Öland from the Swedish mainland at Kalmar — visible from the cliffs the shepherd describes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Åja","lemma":"Åja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"oh yes","note":"Interjection meaning 'oh yes'; mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of herden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"unga","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies herden","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"herden","lemma":"herd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"plötsligt","lemma":"plötslig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"dawned"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"dawned","note":"Opp is the particle upp in older spelling, despite the participle label."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking någon","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of opp","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kväll","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kväll","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of suttit","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kanten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kanten","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kväll","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landborgen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"landborgen","lemma":"landborg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kanten","gloss":"the coastal cliff"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"näktergalarna","lemma":"näktergalarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"the nightingales"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sade","gloss":"trill"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies slå","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lövängen","lemma":"löväng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"the leafy meadow"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with slå","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kalmar","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Kalmar","lemma":"Kal","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"Kalmar"},{"surface":"sund","lemma":"sund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"sound/strait","note":"Noun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tillkommen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive tillkommen","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tillkommen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tillkommen","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to tillkommen","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"tillkommen","lemma":"tillkomm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of sade","gloss":"come into being"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of andra","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of tillkommen","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":61,"label":"20","id":"ch12-p20-s1","source":"»Jag ville fråga,» fortfor den gamle, »om ingen enda har haft den önskan att ge väderkvarnarna vingar så stora, att de kunde nå opp till himlen, så stora, att de vore i stånd att lyfta hela ön opp ur havet och låta den flyga som en fjäril bland fjärilar.»","translation":"»I wanted to ask,» the old one went on, »whether not a single one has had the wish to give the windmills wings so big that they could reach up to the sky, so big that they would be able to lift the whole island up out of the sea and let it fly like a butterfly among butterflies.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vore","title":"Archaic subjunctive: «vore»","body":"«vore» is the old past subjunctive of «vara» ('to be'), used here in an unreal condition — 'so big that they would be able to'. Modern spoken Swedish mostly replaces it with «skulle vara», but «vore» survives in careful written and literary Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fråga","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fråga","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"fråga","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on »","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"modifies gamle","gloss":"went on/continued","note":"Past tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gamle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamle","lemma":"gamle","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fråga","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haft","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on fråga","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of önskan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"önskan","lemma":"önskan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on haft","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"väderkvarnarna","lemma":"väderkvarnare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"the windmills"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of nå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"nå","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stora","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nå","gloss":"up","note":"Colloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of opp","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with nå","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vore","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vore","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"adverbial clause on stora","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies lyfta","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"stånd","lemma":"stånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lyfta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lyfta","lemma":"lyfta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vore","gloss":"to lift"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ön","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lyfta","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies lyfta","gloss":"up","note":"Opp is the particle upp in older spelling, despite the verb label."},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of opp","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with lyfta","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fjäril","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjäril","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjäril","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"a butterfly"},{"surface":"bland","lemma":"bland","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjärilar","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"fjärilar","lemma":"fjäriel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fjäril","gloss":"butterflies","note":"Also covers moths in some contexts."}]},{"number":62,"label":"21","id":"ch12-p21-s1","source":"»Det kan nog hända, att det är något i det, som du säger,» sade den unge, »för om sommarnätterna, när himlen välver sig hög och öppen över ön, har jag ibland tyckt, att det var, som om den ville höja sig ur havet och flyga sin väg.»","translation":"»It may well be that there is something to what you say,» said the young one, »for on summer nights, when the sky arches high and open over the island, I have sometimes felt as though it wanted to rise up out of the sea and fly away.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hända","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hända","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hända","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"hända","lemma":"hända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to happen"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of något","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to något","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hända","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of säger","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säger","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"säger","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on något","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hända","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of unge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"unge","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"young one"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommarnätterna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommarnätterna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sommarnätterna","lemma":"sommarnätterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of »","gloss":"the summer nights"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of välver","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of välver","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"välver","lemma":"välva","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on sommarnätterna","gloss":"arches"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of välver","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with välver","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"öppen","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with välver","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of öppen","gloss":"the island","note":"Same common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tyckt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckt","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"tyckt","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ,","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of höja","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höja","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höja","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höja","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"höja","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ,","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höja","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of höja","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with höja","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flyga","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":63,"label":"22","id":"ch12-p22-s1","source":"Men när den gamle nu äntligen hade fått den unge till att tala, hörde han inte mycket på honom.","translation":"But now that the old man had finally gotten the young one to speak, he did not listen much to him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gamle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamle","lemma":"gamle","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"the old man","note":"Definite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nu","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of unge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"unge","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"young one"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch12-p22-s2","source":"»Jag ville allt veta,» sade han med än lägre röst, »om någon kan förklara varför det bor en sådan längtan häroppe på Alvaret.","translation":"»I really wanted to know,» he said in a still lower voice, »whether anyone could explain why such a longing dwells up here on the Alvar.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to veta","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lägre","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"lägre","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förklara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förklara","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förklara","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"förklara","lemma":"förklara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with veta","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of förklara","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of häroppe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies längtan","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"längtan","lemma":"längtan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies häroppe","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"häroppe","lemma":"häroppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"up here","note":"Functions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alvaret","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Alvaret","lemma":"Alvar","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies häroppe","gloss":"the Alvar","note":"The Stora Alvaret limestone plain on Öland."}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch12-p22-s3","source":"Jag har känt den var dag i mitt liv, och jag tänker, att den tär sig in i bröstet på envar, som måste gå här.","translation":"I have felt it every day of my life, and I think it gnaws into the breast of everyone who must walk here.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of känt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"känt","lemma":"känt","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dag","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dag","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of känt","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liv","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of liv","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mitt\" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of dag","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tänker","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with känt","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tär","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tär","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tär","lemma":"tära","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tänker","gloss":"gnaws"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tär","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tär","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bröstet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"bröstet","lemma":"bröst","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies tär","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"envar","lemma":"envar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on tänker","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch12-p22-s4","source":"Jag ville veta om ingen annan har förstått, att all den trånaden kommer sig därav, att hela ön är en fjäril, som längtar efter sina vingar.»","translation":"I wanted to know if no one else has understood that all that yearning comes from the fact that the whole island is a butterfly longing for its wings.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of veta","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förstått","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstått","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"förstått","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trånaden","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trånaden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trånaden","lemma":"trånad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"the yearning"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of förstått","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kommer","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"därav","lemma":"därav","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"from the fact"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fjäril","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ön","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fjäril","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fjäril","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fjäril","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fjäril","lemma":"fjäril","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kommer","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of längtar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"längtar","lemma":"längta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on fjäril","gloss":"longs"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of vingar","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of längtar","gloss":"wings"}]}]}