{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch13","title":{"source":"Lilla Karlsön","translated":"Little Karlsö"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch13","lines":323},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch12","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch14","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch13-p1-s1","source":"Vildgässen hade tillbragt natten på Ölands norra udde och voro nu på väg mot fastlandet.","translation":"The wild geese had spent the night on Öland's northern point and were now on their way toward the mainland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural: «voro»","body":"Pre-1906-reform Swedish still conjugated «vara» ('to be') for number: singular «var», plural «voro». Modern Swedish uses «var» for every subject; this plural marking is a hallmark of Lagerlöf's literary register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tillbragt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tillbragt","lemma":"tillbrag","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tillbragt","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking udde","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ölands","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of udde","gloss":"Öland's","note":"Swedish island."},{"surface":"norra","lemma":"norra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies udde","gloss":"northern"},{"surface":"udde","lemma":"udde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tillbragt","gloss":"point","note":"a headland/point of land."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with tillbragt","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tillbragt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tillbragt","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fastlandet","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"fastlandet","lemma":"fastland","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of på","gloss":"the mainland"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s2","source":"Det blåste rätt stark sunnanvind över Kalmar sund, så att de hade blivit kastade norrut.","translation":"A rather strong south wind was blowing over Kalmar Sound, so that they had been driven northward.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sunnanvind","title":"«sunnanvind» — a poetic compound","body":"«sunnan» ('from the south') plus «vind» ('wind') is an old compass-direction compound, more literary than the plain «sydvind». Compare «norrut» later in the same sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blåste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stark","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sunnanvind","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"sunnanvind","lemma":"sunnanvind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of blåste","gloss":"south wind"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kalmar","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Kalmar","lemma":"Kalmar","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies sunnanvind","gloss":"Kalmar","note":"Town/sound name."},{"surface":"sund","lemma":"sund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Kalmar","gloss":"sound/strait","note":"Noun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blåste","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"threw","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw)."},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"northward"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s3","source":"De arbetade sig ändå med god fart fram mot land.","translation":"Even so, they worked their way forward toward land at a good pace.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of arbetade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"arbetade","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of arbetade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetade","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fart","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of arbetade","gloss":"speed"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s4","source":"Men när de nalkades de första skären, hörde de ett väldigt dån, som om en mängd vingstarka fåglar hade kommit flygande, och vattnet under dem blev på en gång alldeles svart.","translation":"But as they neared the first skerries, they heard a tremendous roar, as if a great host of strong-winged birds had come flying, and the water beneath them turned all at once completely black.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nalkades","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive nalkades","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nalkades","lemma":"nalkaa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"approached","note":"Nalkas is a deponent verb: its passive-looking form has an active meaning, \"to approach\"."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skären","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies skären","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"skären","lemma":"skär","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of nalkades","gloss":"skerries"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of dån","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"väldigt","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dån","gloss":"tremendous"},{"surface":"dån","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fåglar","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"vingstarka","lemma":"vingstark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fåglar","gloss":"strong-winged"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on dån","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"flygande","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with flygande","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of vattnet","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dån","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svart","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"black","note":"The lemma should be svart (\"black\"); the parser mistagged the surface \"svart\" under the noun svar (\"answer\")."}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s5","source":"Akka höll in vingarna så hastigt, att hon nästan blev stående stilla i luften.","translation":"Akka checked her wings so suddenly that she almost came to a standstill in the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"checked"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blev","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"stående","lemma":"stående","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stående","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stilla","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s6","source":"Därpå sänkte hon sig för att slå ner på havsytan.","translation":"Then she dropped down to alight on the surface of the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därpå","lemma":"Därpå","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"then/thereupon","note":"Actually the adverb 'därpå', mistagged as a pronoun."},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänkte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of slå","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of slå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"alight"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havsytan","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"havsytan","lemma":"havsyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"sea's surface"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s7","source":"Men innan gässen hade nått vattnet, hann västanstormen fram till dem.","translation":"But before the geese had reached the water, the west storm caught up with them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nått","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nått","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nått","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hann","gloss":"reached","note":"Supine of nå ('to reach')."},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of nått","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"hann","lemma":"hann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had time","note":"Past tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'."},{"surface":"västanstormen","lemma":"västanstorm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hann","gloss":"the west storm"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hann","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch13-p1-s8","source":"Redan jagade den framför sig dammmoln, saltskum och småfåglar, nu ryckte den också med sig vildgässen, kastade dem över ända och vräkte dem ut mot havet.","translation":"It was already driving clouds of dust, spray, and small birds before it; now it swept up the wild geese too, tumbled them over, and hurled them out toward the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jagade","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"jagade","lemma":"jaga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"chased"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of jagade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies jagade","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase framför","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dammmoln","lemma":"dammmoln","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of jagade","gloss":"dust clouds"},{"surface":"saltskum","lemma":"saltskum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with dammmoln","gloss":"sea spray"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"småfåglar","lemma":"småfågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with dammmoln","gloss":"small birds"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ryckte","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ryckte","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to jagade","gloss":"tugged"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ryckte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ryckte","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of ryckte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ryckte","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with jagade","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase över","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vräkte","lemma":"vräka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ända","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of vräkte","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":9,"label":"2","id":"ch13-p2-s1","source":"Det blev en ohygglig storm.","translation":"It became a dreadful storm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of storm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ohygglig","lemma":"ohygglig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"storm","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"storm"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch13-p2-s2","source":"Vildgässen försökte vända gång på gång, men de förmådde inte, utan drevos utåt Östersjön.","translation":"The wild geese tried again and again to turn back, but they could not, and were driven out over the Baltic.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of försökte","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"vända","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försökte","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vända","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vända","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of förmådde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"förmådde","lemma":"förmåd","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with försökte","gloss":"could manage","note":"From förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förmådde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking drevos","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"drevos","lemma":"drevos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of förmådde","gloss":"were driven"},{"surface":"utåt","lemma":"utåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Östersjön","gloss":"out over"},{"surface":"Östersjön","lemma":"Östersjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies drevos","gloss":"the Baltic Sea"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch13-p2-s3","source":"Stormen hade redan kastat dem förbi Öland, och havet låg tomt och ödsligt framför dem.","translation":"The storm had already carried them past Öland, and the sea lay empty and desolate before them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kastat","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kastat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastat","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"kastat","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kastat","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kastat","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"Öland","lemma":"Öland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of förbi","gloss":"Öland"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kastat","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"tomt","lemma":"tomt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låg","gloss":"tomte (gnome)","note":"false friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ödsligt","lemma":"ödslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with tomt","gloss":"desolate"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of ödsligt","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch13-p2-s4","source":"De hade intet annat att göra än att länsa undan.","translation":"There was nothing left for them to do but scud before it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"inte","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"nothing","note":"archaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'."},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of länsa","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of länsa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"länsa","lemma":"länsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"scud away","note":"The nautical phrase länsa undan means to run or scud before the wind."},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on länsa","gloss":"before it"}]},{"number":13,"label":"3","id":"ch13-p3-s1","source":"När Akka märkte, att de inte voro i stånd att vända, tyckte hon, att det var onödigt att låta stormen driva dem över hela Östersjön.","translation":"When Akka noticed that they were unable to turn, she thought it was pointless to let the storm drive them across the whole Baltic.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"stånd","lemma":"stånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vända","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vända","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of onödigt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with onödigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to onödigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"onödigt","lemma":"onödig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"unnecessary"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on onödigt","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"driva","lemma":"driva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of driva","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östersjön","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Östersjön","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Östersjön","lemma":"Östersjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of låta","gloss":"the Baltic Sea"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s2","source":"Hon sänkte sig därför ner på vattnet.","translation":"So she sank down onto the water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s3","source":"Sjögången var redan häftig och växte i varje ögonblick.","translation":"The sea was already running high, and it grew rougher every moment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sjögången","lemma":"sjögånge","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of häftig","gloss":"the swell"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to häftig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies häftig","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"häftig","lemma":"häftig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"växte","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with häftig","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ögonblick","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of växte","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s4","source":"Vågorna rullade fram sjögröna med fräsande skum på kammarna.","translation":"The waves rolled forward sea-green with hissing foam on their crests.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vågorna","lemma":"Vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of rullade","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"rullade","lemma":"rulla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rullade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"sjögröna","lemma":"sjögröna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of rullade","gloss":"sea-green"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skum","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fräsande","lemma":"fräsande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies skum","gloss":"hissing"},{"surface":"skum","lemma":"skum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of rullade","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kammarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kammarna","lemma":"kammarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rullade","gloss":"their crests"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s5","source":"Den ena vräkte upp högre än den andra.","translation":"Each one heaved up higher than the last.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vräkte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"part of the phrase Den","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"vräkte","lemma":"vräka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vräkte","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"högre","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies den","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase högre","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vräkte","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s6","source":"Det var, som om de tävlade om vem som skulle kunna resa sig högst och skumma yrast.","translation":"It was as if they were competing over which could rise the highest and foam the wildest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies Det","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tävlade","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tävlade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of tävlade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tävlade","lemma":"tävla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on Det","gloss":"competed"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of resa","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"depends on resa","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of resa","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tävlade","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of resa","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"högst","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resa","gloss":"highest","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skumma","lemma":"skumma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with högst","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"yrast","lemma":"yrast","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase högst","gloss":"most wildly"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s7","source":"Men vildgässen voro inte rädda för vågsvallet.","translation":"But the wild geese were not afraid of the surging waves.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies rädda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"rädda","lemma":"rädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of voro","gloss":"afraid","note":"Merges plural of the adjective 'rädd' (afraid) with forms of the unrelated verb 'rädda' (to save); sense depends entirely on context."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågsvallet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vågsvallet","lemma":"vågsvalle","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"the surging waves"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s8","source":"Detta tycktes tvärtom bereda dem ett stort nöje.","translation":"This seemed, on the contrary, to give them great pleasure.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"tvärtom","lemma":"tvärtom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bereda","gloss":"on the contrary"},{"surface":"bereda","lemma":"bereda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tycktes","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"indirect object of bereda","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of nöje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies nöje","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"nöje","lemma":"nöje","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bereda","gloss":"pleasure"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s9","source":"De ansträngde sig inte med att simma, utan läto sig sköljas upp på vågkammarna och ner i vågdalarna och hade lika roligt som barn i en gunga.","translation":"They made no effort to swim, but let themselves be washed up onto the wave-crests and down into the troughs, and had as much fun as children on a swing.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"läto","title":"Archaic plural: «läto»","body":"«läta» ('to let') likewise had a distinct plural preterite, «läto», beside the singular «lät». Watch for this -o plural ending throughout the chapter: «voro», «gingo», «kommo», «blevo»."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ansträngde","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"ansträngde","lemma":"ansträngde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"strained"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ansträngde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ansträngde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of simma","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of simma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"simma","lemma":"simma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ansträngde","gloss":"swim"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"läto","lemma":"läto","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sig","gloss":"let","note":"Läto is the historical plural past form of låta."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"subject of passive sköljas","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"sköljas","lemma":"skölja","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ansträngde","gloss":"be washed"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sköljas","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågkammarna","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"vågkammarna","lemma":"vågkammare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sköljas","gloss":"the wave crests"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with vågkammarna","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågdalarna","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"vågdalarna","lemma":"vågdal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"the wave troughs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sköljas","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roligt","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"roligt","lemma":"rolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"fun"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking barn","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"barn","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gunga","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking en","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"modifies barn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gunga","lemma":"gunga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sköljas","gloss":"swing"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s10","source":"Deras enda bekymmer var, att flocken skulle bli skingrad.","translation":"Their only worry was that the flock might be scattered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of bekymmer","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies bekymmer","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"bekymmer","lemma":"bekymmer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies bekymmer","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on bekymmer","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"skingrad","lemma":"skingrad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"scattered"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch13-p3-s11","source":"De stackars landfåglarna, som drevo förbi uppe i stormen, ropade avundsjukt: »Det är ingen nöd för er, som kan simma.»","translation":"The poor land birds, driven past overhead in the storm, called out enviously: »There's no trouble for you, who can swim.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"»…»","title":"Swedish quotation marks","body":"Swedish dialogue is framed by the same mark, », at both open and close — unlike English's paired « » or “ ”. Only context tells you where a quotation ends."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive stackars","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stackars","lemma":"stackars","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"landfåglarna","lemma":"landfåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive stackars","gloss":"the land birds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of drevo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"drevo","lemma":"drevo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landfåglarna","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drevo","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drevo","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stormen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stackars","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"avundsjukt","lemma":"avundsjukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ropade","gloss":"enviously"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nöd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nöd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of nöd","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"nöd","lemma":"nöd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"distress"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of nöd","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of simma","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of simma","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"simma","lemma":"simma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on nöd","gloss":"swim"}]},{"number":24,"label":"4","id":"ch13-p4-s1","source":"Men vildgässen voro visst inte utom all fara.","translation":"But the wild geese were certainly not out of all danger.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"utom","lemma":"utom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fara","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of voro","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch13-p4-s2","source":"För det första gjorde gungningen dem ohjälpligt sömniga.","translation":"For one thing, the rocking made them helplessly drowsy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking första","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of första","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"gungningen","lemma":"gungning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"the rocking"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ohjälpligt","lemma":"ohjälplig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sömniga","gloss":"helplessly"},{"surface":"sömniga","lemma":"sömnig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of gjorde","gloss":"sleepy"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch13-p4-s3","source":"Oupphörligen ville de vända huvudet bakåt, sticka näbben in under vingen och sova.","translation":"Again and again they wanted to turn their heads back, tuck their bills under their wings, and sleep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oupphörligen","lemma":"oupphörligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vända","gloss":"ceaselessly"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vända","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vända","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vända","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vända","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"bakåt","lemma":"bakåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vända","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"sticka","lemma":"sticka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vända","gloss":"tuck"},{"surface":"näbben","lemma":"näbbe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sticka","gloss":"beak"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sticka","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingen","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"vingen","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sticka","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vända","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch13-p4-s4","source":"Ingenting kan vara farligare än att på detta sätt falla i sömn, och Akka ropade oupphörligen: »Somna inte, vildgäss!","translation":"Nothing could be more dangerous than falling asleep like that, and Akka called out again and again: »Don't fall asleep, wild geese!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of farligare","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farligare","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to farligare","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"farligare","lemma":"farlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"more dangerous"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of falla","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of falla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of falla","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"falla","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on farligare","gloss":"to fall"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sömn","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sömn","lemma":"sömn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of falla","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with farligare","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"oupphörligen","lemma":"oupphörligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"ceaselessly"},{"surface":"Somna","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fall asleep"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Somna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vildgäss","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with Somna","gloss":"wild geese"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch13-p4-s5","source":"Den, som somnar, kommer bort från flocken.","translation":"Whoever falls asleep drifts away from the flock.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of somnar","gloss":"whoever","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"somnar","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Den","gloss":"falls asleep"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommer","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flocken","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"flock"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch13-p4-s6","source":"Den, som kommer bort från flocken, är förlorad.»","translation":"Whoever drifts away from the flock is lost.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förlorad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"whoever","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Den","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommer","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flocken","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förlorad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"förlorad","lemma":"förlorad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":30,"label":"5","id":"ch13-p5-s1","source":"Trots alla försök att stå emot, somnade den ena efter den andra, och själva Akka var mycket nära att slumra in, när hon plötsligen såg något runt, mörkt höja sig över toppen av en våg.","translation":"Despite every effort to resist, one after another fell asleep, and Akka herself came very close to dozing off, when she suddenly saw something round and dark rise above the crest of a wave.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Trots","lemma":"trots","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking försök","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of försök","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"försök","lemma":"försök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of somnade","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying försök","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stå","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"somnade","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ena","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of somnade","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of somnade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"herself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with somnade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to slumra","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nära","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies slumra","gloss":"very close"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of slumra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"slumra","lemma":"slumra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of somnade","gloss":"doze off"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slumra","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"plötsligen","lemma":"plötsligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on slumra","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"mörkt","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höja","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"höja","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höja","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toppen","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"toppen","lemma":"topp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höja","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of våg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"våg","lemma":"våg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies toppen","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch13-p5-s2","source":"»Sälar!","translation":"»Seals!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sälar","lemma":"Sälar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seals"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch13-p5-s3","source":"Sälar!","translation":"Seals!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sälar","lemma":"Sälar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seals"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch13-p5-s4","source":"Sälar!»","translation":"Seals!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sälar","lemma":"Sälar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seals"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch13-p5-s5","source":"ropade Akka med hög, gäll röst och höjde sig i luften med smällande vingslag.","translation":"cried Akka in a high, shrill voice, and rose into the air with loud beats of her wings.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of ropade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hög","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"gäll","lemma":"gäll","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with hög","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ropade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höjde","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ropade","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjde","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingslag","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"smällande","lemma":"smällande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vingslag","gloss":"loudly beating"},{"surface":"vingslag","lemma":"vingslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjde","gloss":"wingbeat"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch13-p5-s6","source":"Det var i yttersta stunden.","translation":"It was at the very last moment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stunden","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stunden","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stunden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"yttersta","lemma":"yttersta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies stunden","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"stunden","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch13-p5-s7","source":"Innan den sista vildgåsen hade hunnit upp ur vattnet, voro sälarna så nära, att de nafsade efter hennes fötter.","translation":"Before the last wild goose had managed to lift off the water, the seals were so close that they snapped at her feet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hunnit","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vildgåsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies vildgåsen","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hunnit","gloss":"the wild goose"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hunnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hunnit","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hunnit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hunnit","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"modifies sälarna","gloss":"were","note":"Old plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative."},{"surface":"sälarna","lemma":"säel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hunnit","gloss":"the seals"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nära","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"near","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nafsade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of nafsade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nafsade","lemma":"nafsa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of hunnit","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fötter","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of fötter","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"fötter","lemma":"fött","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of nafsade","gloss":"feet","note":"Surface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact."}]},{"number":37,"label":"6","id":"ch13-p6-s1","source":"Så voro vildgässen åter uppe i stormen, som drev dem framför sig utåt havet.","translation":"So the wild geese were up in the storm again, which drove them before it out over the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies åter","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"part of the phrase Så","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies åter","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stormen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of drev","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"drev","lemma":"dreva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on stormen","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of drev","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of drev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"utåt","lemma":"utåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"out over"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of drev","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch13-p6-s2","source":"Ingen vila unnade den varken sig eller dem.","translation":"It allowed itself no rest, and gave them none either.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vila","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of unnade","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"unnade","lemma":"unna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of unnade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of unnade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"coordinated with sig","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch13-p6-s3","source":"Och intet land sågo de, bara öde hav.","translation":"And they saw no land at all, only desolate sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"int","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"nothing","note":"archaic pronoun 'intet' (nothing)."},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies öde","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"öde","lemma":"öde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"desolate","note":"öde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective."},{"surface":"hav","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":40,"label":"7","id":"ch13-p7-s1","source":"De slogo ner på vattnet igen, så snart de tordes.","translation":"They dropped down onto the water again as soon as they dared.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"slogo","lemma":"slogo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dropped down","note":"Archaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slogo","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of slogo","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slogo","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tordes","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of tordes","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tordes","lemma":"tora","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on slogo","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch13-p7-s2","source":"Men när de hade gungat på vågorna en stund, blevo de sömniga på nytt.","translation":"But when they had rocked on the waves for a while, they grew drowsy again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gungat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gungat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gungat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gungat","lemma":"gungat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blevo","gloss":"rocked"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gungat","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sömniga","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sömniga","lemma":"sömnig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"sleepy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blevo","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch13-p7-s3","source":"Och när de somnade, kommo sälarna simmande.","translation":"And when they fell asleep, the seals came swimming.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of somnade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of somnade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"somnade","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"sälarna","lemma":"sälarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"the seals"},{"surface":"simmande","lemma":"simma","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"swimming"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch13-p7-s4","source":"Om inte den gamla Akka hade varit så vaksam, skulle inte en enda av dem ha sluppit lyckligt undan.","translation":"If old Akka had not been so watchful, not a single one of them would have escaped safely.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaksam","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vaksam","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Akka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of vaksam","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vaksam","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to vaksam","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vaksam","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vaksam","lemma":"vaksam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sluppit","gloss":"watchful"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sluppit","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sluppit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"introduces the clause of sluppit","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"clause modifying en","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of sluppit","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sluppit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sluppit","lemma":"sluppi","morphology":"verb, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"lyckligt","lemma":"lycklig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sluppit","gloss":"safely","note":"lyckligt often means \"safely/successfully,\" not just \"happily\" — a minor false-friend trap."},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sluppit","gloss":"escaped"}]},{"number":44,"label":"8","id":"ch13-p8-s1","source":"Hela dagen fortfor stormen, och den anställde fruktansvärda härjningar bland de massor av fåglar, som vid denna tid på året voro ute på flyttresor.","translation":"All day long the storm raged on, and it wrought terrible havoc among the great masses of birds that were out on their migrations at this time of year.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fortfor","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went on/continued","note":"Past tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral."},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortfor","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of anställde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"anställde","lemma":"anställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fortfor","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"fruktansvärda","lemma":"fruktansvärd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies härjningar","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"härjningar","lemma":"härjning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of anställde","gloss":"havoc"},{"surface":"bland","lemma":"bland","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking massor","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of massor","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"massor","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of anställde","gloss":"masses/lots"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies massor","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tid","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking året","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"relative clause on fåglar","gloss":"were","note":"Mistagged as a pronoun; voro is the archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flyttresor","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"flyttresor","lemma":"flyttresa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"migrations"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch13-p8-s2","source":"Somliga blevo drivna ur sin kosa bort till fjärran land, där de dogo av svält, andra blevo så uttröttade, att de sjönko ner i havet och drunknade.","translation":"Some were driven off course to distant lands, where they died of starvation; others grew so exhausted that they sank into the sea and drowned.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blevo drivna","title":"«bliva» + participle: a periphrastic passive","body":"«blevo drivna» = 'were driven' — the plural preterite of «bliva» ('become') plus a past participle forms a passive, running alongside the s-passive; compare «krossades» in the next sentence, built the other way."}],"words":[{"surface":"Somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drivna","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli (\"to become\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"drivna","lemma":"drivna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kosa","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of kosa","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"kosa","lemma":"kosa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of drivna","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drivna","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjärran","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fjärran","lemma":"fjärran","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bort","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies drivna","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uttröttade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of dogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"dogo","lemma":"dogo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"subject of uttröttade","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svält","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"svält","lemma":"svält","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dogo","gloss":"starvation"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of uttröttade","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"passive auxiliary of uttröttade","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uttröttade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"uttröttade","lemma":"uttrötta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on drivna","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sjönko","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive sjönko","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sjönko","lemma":"sjönko","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on drivna","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sjönko","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"drunknade","lemma":"drunknad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sjönko","gloss":"drowned"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch13-p8-s3","source":"Många krossades mot klippväggarna, och många blevo ett rov för sälarna.","translation":"Many were dashed to pieces against the cliff walls, and many fell prey to the seals.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"krossades","title":"The s-passive","body":"Adding «-s» to the verb stem («krossa» → «krossades») makes a passive without needing «bliva»: 'were smashed'. Both passive strategies exist side by side here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of passive krossades","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"krossades","lemma":"krossa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was/were shattered"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klippväggarna","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"klippväggarna","lemma":"klippväggarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of krossades","gloss":"the cliff walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with krossades","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of rov","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rov","lemma":"rov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of krossades","gloss":"prey"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sälarna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sälarna","lemma":"säl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of krossades","gloss":"seals"}]},{"number":47,"label":"9","id":"ch13-p9-s1","source":"Hela dagen varade stormen, och Akka började till sist undra om hon och flocken skulle förolyckas.","translation":"All day the storm lasted, and Akka began at last to wonder whether she and the flock would perish.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varade","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"varade","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lasted"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varade","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with ,","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with varade","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies började","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"undra","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"to wonder"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hon","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive förolyckas","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förolyckas","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"förolyckas","lemma":"förolycka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hon","gloss":"perish"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch13-p9-s2","source":"De voro nu dödströtta, och ingenstans såg hon någon plats, där de kunde få vila.","translation":"They were now dead tired, and nowhere did she see a place where they could rest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dödströtta","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on dödströtta","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dödströtta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"dödströtta","lemma":"dödstrött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dead tired"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenstans","lemma":"ingenstans","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with dödströtta","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of plats","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of få","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on plats","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch13-p9-s3","source":"Mot kvällen vågade hon inte mer lägga sig ner på havet, därför att detta nu helt plötsligen fylldes av stora isflak, som tornade mot varandra, och hon fruktade för att de skulle bli krossade mellan dessa.","translation":"Toward evening she no longer dared settle onto the sea, because it had all at once filled with great ice floes piling up against one another, and she feared they would be crushed between them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvällen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"kvällen","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vågade","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lägga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lägga","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"lägga","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of vågade","gloss":"to lay/put"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lägga","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lägga","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of fylldes","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive fylldes","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fylldes","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fylldes","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"plötsligen","lemma":"plötsligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fylldes","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"fylldes","lemma":"fyll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on lägga","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isflak","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies isflak","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"isflak","lemma":"isflak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"agent of fylldes","gloss":"ice floes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tornade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tornade","lemma":"torna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on isflak","gloss":"piled up"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of tornade","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fruktade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fruktade","lemma":"frukta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vågade","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of krossade","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of krossade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of krossade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of krossade","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of krossade","gloss":"to become"},{"surface":"krossade","lemma":"krossa","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on fruktade","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dessa","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of krossade","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch13-p9-s4","source":"Ett par gånger försökte vildgässen ställa sig på isflaken.","translation":"A couple of times the wild geese tried to stand on the ice floes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of försökte","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försökte","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försökte","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställa","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isflaken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"isflaken","lemma":"isflak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställa","gloss":"ice floe"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch13-p9-s5","source":"Men en gång sopade den vilda stormen ner dem i vattnet.","translation":"But once the wild storm swept them down into the water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sopade","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"sopade","lemma":"sopa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swept"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stormen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stormen","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sopade","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sopade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of sopade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sopade","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch13-p9-s6","source":"En annan gång kommo de obarmhärtiga sälarna krypande upp på isen.","translation":"Another time the merciless seals came crawling up onto the ice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sälarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"obarmhärtiga","lemma":"obarmhärtig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sälarna","gloss":"merciless"},{"surface":"sälarna","lemma":"sälarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"the seals"},{"surface":"krypande","lemma":"krypande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"crawling"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":53,"label":"10","id":"ch13-p10-s1","source":"I solnedgången voro gässen än en gång uppe i luften.","translation":"At sunset the geese were once again up in the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solnedgången","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"solnedgången","lemma":"solnedgång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gång","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"depends on gång","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gång","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch13-p10-s2","source":"De flögo framåt, ängsliga för natten.","translation":"They flew onward, anxious about the coming night.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ängsliga","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking natten","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ängsliga","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch13-p10-s3","source":"Mörkret tycktes komma alltför hastigt över dem denna kväll, som var så full av faror.","translation":"Darkness seemed to close in on them far too quickly this evening, which was so full of dangers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mörkret","lemma":"Mörkret","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"the darkness"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"alltför","lemma":"alltför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kväll","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"kväll","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of full","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to full","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies full","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on kväll","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking faror","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"faror","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of full","gloss":"dangers"}]},{"number":56,"label":"11","id":"ch13-p11-s1","source":"Det var förfärligt, att de ännu inte sågo land.","translation":"It was dreadful that they still saw no land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with förfärligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förfärligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on förfärligt","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch13-p11-s2","source":"Hur skulle det gå med dem, om de nödgades stanna ute på havet hela natten?","translation":"What would become of them if they were forced to stay out on the sea the whole night?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nödgades","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive nödgades","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nödgades","lemma":"nödga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"were forced"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of nödgades","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ute","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies natten","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nödgades","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch13-p11-s3","source":"De skulle antingen bli krossade mellan isflaken eller ihjälbitna av sälarna eller skingrade av stormen.","translation":"They would either be crushed between the ice floes, or bitten to death by the seals, or scattered by the storm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"antingen","lemma":"antingen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"krossade","lemma":"krossa","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural, nominative","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isflaken","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"isflaken","lemma":"isflak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of krossade","gloss":"ice floe"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ihjälbitna","lemma":"ihjälbitna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with isflaken","gloss":"bitten to death"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sälarna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sälarna","lemma":"säl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies ihjälbitna","gloss":"seals"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"skingrade","lemma":"skingra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with sälarna","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stormen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skingrade","gloss":"storm"}]},{"number":59,"label":"12","id":"ch13-p12-s1","source":"Himlen stod molnhöljd, månen höll sig dold, och mörkret kom hastigt.","translation":"The sky stood cloud-covered, the moon kept itself hidden, and the darkness came quickly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Himlen","lemma":"himle","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"molnhöljd","lemma":"molnhöljd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"cloud-covered"},{"surface":"månen","lemma":"måne","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to stod","gloss":"kept hidden"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höll","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"dold","lemma":"dold","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of höll","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mörkret","lemma":"mörkr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch13-p12-s2","source":"På samma gång fylldes hela naturen av en hemskhet, som kom de modigaste hjärtan att förfäras.","translation":"At the same time, all of nature filled with a dreadfulness that made even the bravest hearts quail.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fylldes","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"fylldes","lemma":"fyll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies naturen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"naturen","lemma":"natur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive fylldes","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hemskhet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hemskhet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hemskhet","lemma":"hemskhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies naturen","gloss":"dreadfulness"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on hemskhet","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hjärtan","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"modigaste","lemma":"modig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies hjärtan","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"hjärtan","lemma":"hjärtan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förfäras","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förfäras","lemma":"förfära","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"quail"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch13-p12-s3","source":"Nödställda flyttfåglars rop hade ljudit över havet hela dagen, utan att någon hade givit akt på dem, men nu, när man inte mer såg vem det var, som upphävde dem, föreföllo de dystra och skrämmande.","translation":"The cries of migrating birds in distress had rung out over the sea all day, without anyone paying them any heed, but now, when one could no longer see who was uttering them, they seemed gloomy and frightening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nödställda","lemma":"Nödställda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies flyttfåglars","gloss":"in distress"},{"surface":"flyttfåglars","lemma":"flyttfåglars","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of rop","gloss":"migrating birds'"},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ljudit","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ljudit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ljudit","lemma":"ljudit","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on föreföllo","gloss":"rung out","note":"Mislabeled as a noun; ljudit is the supine of ljuda (\"to sound/ring out\")."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ljudit","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ljudit","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of givit","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of givit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of givit","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of givit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"givit","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on ljudit","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"akt","lemma":"akt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of givit","gloss":"heed","note":"Used in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of givit","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ljudit","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ljudit","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vem","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of upphävde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"upphävde","lemma":"upphäva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vem","gloss":"let out (a cry)"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of upphävde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"föreföllo","lemma":"föreföllo","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seemed","note":"Historical plural past form of förefalla."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dystra","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"dystra","lemma":"dystr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of föreföllo","gloss":"gloomy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skrämmande","lemma":"skrämmande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with dystra","gloss":"frightening"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch13-p12-s4","source":"Nere på havet stötte drivis-flaken mot varandra med ett starkt dånande.","translation":"Down on the sea the drift-ice floes struck against one another with a loud booming.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stötte","gloss":"down","note":"Adverb meaning 'down there/below', tagged as a noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Nere","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"stötte","lemma":"stötte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"drivis-flaken","lemma":"drivis-flak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stötte","gloss":"the drift-ice floes"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of stötte","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dånande","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of dånande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"starkt","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dånande","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"dånande","lemma":"dånande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of stötte","gloss":"booming"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch13-p12-s5","source":"Sälarna stämde upp sina vilda jaktsånger.","translation":"The seals struck up their wild hunting songs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sälarna","lemma":"Sälarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stämde","gloss":"the seals"},{"surface":"stämde","lemma":"stämde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stämde","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of jaktsånger","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies jaktsånger","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"jaktsånger","lemma":"jaktsång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of stämde","gloss":"hunting songs"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch13-p12-s6","source":"Det var, som om himmel och jord hölle på att störta samman.","translation":"It was as if heaven and earth were about to crash together.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hölle","title":"Subjunctive «hölle»","body":"«hölle» is the old past subjunctive of «hålla» ('to hold'), used here in «hölle på att» ('were about to') to frame an unreal, imagined collapse — modern Swedish would just use the indicative «höll»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hölle","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hölle","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hölle","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himmel","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"himmel","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of hölle","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jord","lemma":"jord","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with himmel","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"hölle","lemma":"hölle","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were about to","note":"Archaic subjunctive form of 'hålla' (to hold), used in 'som om...' clauses."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of störta","gloss":"about to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of störta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"störta","lemma":"störta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hölle","gloss":"to plunge"},{"surface":"samman","lemma":"samman","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on störta","gloss":"together"}]},{"number":65,"label":"13","id":"ch13-p13-s1","source":"FÅREN.","translation":"THE SHEEP.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"FÅREN","title":"«fåren» — definite plural","body":"«får» ('sheep', identical singular/plural) is a neuter noun («ett får»); its definite plural «fåren» = 'the sheep' — fifth-declension nouns take «-en» in the definite plural. This heading names the chapter's second half."}],"words":[{"surface":"FÅREN","lemma":"FÅREN","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"THE SHEEP"}]},{"number":66,"label":"14","id":"ch13-p14-s1","source":"Pojken hade en stund suttit och sett ner i havet.","translation":"The boy had sat for a while looking down into the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sett","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch13-p14-s2","source":"Plötsligen tyckte han, att det började brusa starkare än förut.","translation":"Suddenly he thought the roar had begun to grow louder than before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plötsligen","lemma":"Plötsligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of började","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with började","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"brusa","lemma":"brus","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"starkare","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of brusa","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förut","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on starkare","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch13-p14-s3","source":"Han såg upp.","translation":"He looked up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch13-p14-s4","source":"Rätt framför honom på bara ett par meters avstånd reste sig en skrovlig och naken bergvägg.","translation":"Directly in front of him, only a couple of meters away, rose a rugged, bare rock wall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies reste","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Rätt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking avstånd","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies meters","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"meters","lemma":"meter","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of avstånd","gloss":"meters'"},{"surface":"avstånd","lemma":"avstånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of reste","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of reste","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skrovlig","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skrovlig","lemma":"skrovlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of reste","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naken","lemma":"naken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bergvägg","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"bergvägg","lemma":"bergvägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with reste","gloss":"rock wall"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch13-p14-s5","source":"Nere vid dess fot slogos vågorna till högt uppsprutande skum.","translation":"Down at its foot the waves broke into high spraying foam.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nere","lemma":"Nere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slogos","gloss":"down","note":"Adverb 'nere' (down/below), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fot","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dess","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of fot","gloss":"its","note":"ch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation."},{"surface":"fot","lemma":"fot","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Nere","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"slogos","lemma":"slogos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"våga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive slogos","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skum","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies uppsprutande","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"uppsprutande","lemma":"uppspruta","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies skum","gloss":"spraying up"},{"surface":"skum","lemma":"skum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of slogos","gloss":"foam"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch13-p14-s6","source":"Vildgässen flögo rakt mot klippan, och pojken kunde inte förstå annat, än att de måste krossas mot den.","translation":"The wild geese flew straight toward the cliff, and the boy could not imagine anything but that they must be dashed against it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klippan","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"klippan","lemma":"klippan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"the cliff"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of krossas","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of krossas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive krossas","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of krossas","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"krossas","lemma":"krossa","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"clause modifying annat","gloss":"be dashed"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of krossas","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":72,"label":"15","id":"ch13-p15-s1","source":"Knappt hann han undra över att inte Akka i tid hade sett denna fara, så voro de framme vid berget.","translation":"He had scarcely had time to wonder that Akka had not seen this danger in time, when they were already right at the mountain.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Knappt hann han","title":"V2 word order: fronted adverb, inverted verb","body":"Swedish is a strict verb-second language: when the adverb «Knappt» ('scarcely') opens the sentence, the verb «hann» must immediately follow, pushing the subject «han» after it — literally 'Scarcely managed he to wonder…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies hann","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"hann","lemma":"hann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had time","note":"Past tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"undra","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hann","gloss":"to wonder"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Akka","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on undra","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of framme","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of framme","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"framme","lemma":"framme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hann","gloss":"arrived, at the destination","note":"Framme consistently conveys 'arrived at / at one's destination' (voro framme vid berget = 'were already at the mountain'; voro framme vid ... Lungersudden = 'arrived at'), not a bare locative 'there'."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of framme","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch13-p15-s2","source":"Då märkte han också, att framför dem öppnade sig den halvrunda mynningen till en grotta.","translation":"Then he also noticed that ahead of them the half-round mouth of a cave was opening up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of öppnade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of öppnade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"öppnade","lemma":"öppna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märkte","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of öppnade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mynningen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"halvrunda","lemma":"halvrund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies mynningen","gloss":"half-round"},{"surface":"mynningen","lemma":"mynning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of öppnade","gloss":"mouth","note":"The mouth of a cave or river."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grotta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grotta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grotta","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of öppnade","gloss":"cave"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch13-p15-s3","source":"In i denna styrde gässen, och i nästa ögonblick voro de i säkerhet.","translation":"Into this the geese steered, and in the next moment they were safe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"subject of styrde","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking denna","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of styrde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"styrde","lemma":"styra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steered"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of styrde","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögonblick","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with styrde","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking säkerhet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"säkerhet","lemma":"säkerhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies de","gloss":"safety"}]},{"number":75,"label":"16","id":"ch13-p16-s1","source":"Det första, som de resande tänkte på, innan de gåvo sig ro att fröjda sig över sin räddning, var att se efter om alla kamraterna också voro bärgade.","translation":"The first thing the travelers thought of, before they allowed themselves to rejoice over their rescue, was to check whether all their companions had also come through safely.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of första","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tänkte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of resande","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"resande","lemma":"resande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"travelers"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tänkte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gåvo","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of gåvo","gloss":"the","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"gåvo","lemma":"gåvo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"allowed","note":"Archaic plural past form of ge, despite the parser's present-tense label."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gåvo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ro","lemma":"ro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gåvo","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fröjda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fröjda","lemma":"fröjda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gåvo","gloss":"to delight in"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of fröjda","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking räddning","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of räddning","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"räddning","lemma":"räddning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fröjda","gloss":"rescue"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kamraterna","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kamraterna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"kamraterna","lemma":"kamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bärgade","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"auxiliary of bärgade","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"bärgade","lemma":"bärga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of se","gloss":"safe"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch13-p16-s2","source":"Där funnos då Akka, Yksi, Kolme, Neljä, Viisi, Kuusi, alla sex gässlingarna, gåskarlen, Dunfin och Tummetott, men Kaksi från Nuolja, den första vänstergåsen, var försvunnen, och ingen visste något om hennes öde.","translation":"There were Akka, Yksi, Kolme, Neljä, Viisi, Kuusi, all six of the goslings, the gander, Dunfin, and Thumbietot, but Kaksi from Nuolja, the first goose on the left, was missing, and no one knew anything of her fate.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tummetott","title":"«Tummetott» — the boy's name among the animals","body":"«Tummetott» ('Tom Thumb') is what the animals call the boy after he is shrunk; it plays on «tumme» ('thumb') much as the English name does."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist), mislabeled as imperative."},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on funnos","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"Yksi","lemma":"Yksi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to funnos","gloss":"Yksi","note":"One of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'."},{"surface":"Kolme","lemma":"Kolme","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kolme"},{"surface":"Neljä","lemma":"Neljä","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Neljä"},{"surface":"Viisi","lemma":"Viisi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Viisi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese (Finnish for \"five\")."},{"surface":"Kuusi","lemma":"Kuusi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kuusi","note":"Proper name of one of the goslings."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gässlingarna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"sex","lemma":"sex","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gässlingarna","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"gässlingarna","lemma":"gässlingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to funnos","gloss":"the goslings"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with gässlingarna","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"Dunfin","lemma":"Dunfin","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with gässlingarna","gloss":"Dunfin"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with gässlingarna","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Kaksi","lemma":"Kaksi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with funnos","gloss":"Kaksi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuolja","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Nuolja","lemma":"Nuolja","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Kaksi","gloss":"Nuolja"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vänstergåsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vänstergåsen","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"vänstergåsen","lemma":"vänstergås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to funnos","gloss":"left-hand goose"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to försvunnen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"försvunnen","lemma":"försvunn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on funnos","gloss":"vanished","note":"Past participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with funnos","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of visste","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of öde","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"öde","lemma":"öde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies något","gloss":"fate","note":"öde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective."}]},{"number":77,"label":"17","id":"ch13-p17-s1","source":"När vildgässen märkte, att ingen annan än Kaksi hade blivit skild från flocken, togo de saken lätt.","translation":"When the wild geese noticed that no one but Kaksi had been separated from the flock, they took the matter lightly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of annan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"Kaksi","lemma":"Kaksi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"Kaksi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clause modifying annan","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"skild","lemma":"skild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"separated"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flocken","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blivit","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with annan","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of saken","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"saken","lemma":"sak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of togo","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies togo","gloss":"easily","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch13-p17-s2","source":"Kaksi var gammal och klok.","translation":"Kaksi was old and wise.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kaksi","lemma":"Kaksi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gammal","gloss":"Kaksi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gammal","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klok","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gammal","gloss":"wise"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ch13-p17-s3","source":"Hon kände alla deras vägar och vanor, och hon skulle nog förstå att leta sig tillbaka till dem.","translation":"She knew all their routes and habits, and she would surely know how to find her way back to them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"determiner of vägar","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of vägar","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"vägar","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vanor","lemma":"vana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vägar","gloss":"habits"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kände","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of leta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"leta","lemma":"leta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förstå","gloss":"to search"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of leta","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leta","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":80,"label":"18","id":"ch13-p18-s1","source":"Så började vildgässen se sig om inne i bergshålan.","translation":"So the wild geese began to look around inside the mountain cave.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking se","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergshålan","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"bergshålan","lemma":"bergshåla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"the mountain cave"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s2","source":"Det kom ännu så mycken dager in genom öppningen, att de kunde se, att grottan var både djup och vid.","translation":"Enough daylight still came in through the opening that they could see the cave was both deep and wide.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ännu","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dager","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"dager","lemma":"dager","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"daylight"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dager","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öppningen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"öppningen","lemma":"öppning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"opening"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of djup","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"grottan","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of djup","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to djup","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"djup","lemma":"djup","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"coordinated with djup","gloss":"wide"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s3","source":"De gladde sig åt att ha funnit ett så präktigt natthärbärge, när en av dem fick syn på några glänsande, gröna punkter, som lyste fram ur en mörk vrå.","translation":"They were rejoicing at having found such a splendid night's shelter, when one of them caught sight of some gleaming, green points shining out of a dark corner.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gladde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gladde","lemma":"gla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rejoiced","note":"reflexive 'gladde sig' = rejoiced/delighted."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gladde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of funnit","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of funnit","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of funnit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"funnit","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on gladde","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of natthärbärge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies präktigt","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"präktigt","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies natthärbärge","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"natthärbärge","lemma":"natthärbärge","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of funnit","gloss":"night's lodging"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gladde","gloss":"caught sight"},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glänsande","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of glänsande","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"glänsande","lemma":"glänsande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies punkter","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies punkter","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"punkter","lemma":"punkt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"points"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of lyste","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lyste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on punkter","gloss":"shone","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lyste","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vrå","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vrå","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mörk","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vrå","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"vrå","lemma":"vrå","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyste","gloss":"corner"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s4","source":"»Detta är ögon!»","translation":"»Those are eyes!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ögon","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ögon","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s5","source":"ropade då Akka.","translation":"cried Akka then.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of ropade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s6","source":"»Det finns stora djur härinne.»","translation":"»There are large animals in here.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"härinne","lemma":"härinne","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"in here"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s7","source":"De störtade mot utgången, men Tummetott, som såg bättre i mörkret än vildgässen, ropade till dem: »Det är ingenting att fly för!","translation":"They rushed toward the exit, but Thumbietot, who saw better in the dark than the wild geese, called out to them: »There's nothing to flee from!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of störtade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"störtade","lemma":"störta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rushed","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is 'störtade', past tense plural of 'störta', rushed/plunged."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking utgången","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"utgången","lemma":"utgång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of störtade","gloss":"exit"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Tummetott","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mörkret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mörkret","lemma":"mörker","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vildgässen","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying mörkret","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with störtade","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with ingenting","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ingenting","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fly","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fly","lemma":"fly","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying ingenting","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fly","gloss":"from"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch13-p18-s8","source":"Det är bara några får, som ligger utmed grottväggen.»","translation":"It's only some sheep lying along the cave wall.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to får","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of får","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to får","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottväggen","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"grottväggen","lemma":"grottvägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"the cave wall"}]},{"number":88,"label":"19","id":"ch13-p19-s1","source":"När vildgässen hade vant sig vid den skumma dagern i grottan, sågo de fåren mycket väl.","translation":"When the wild geese had grown used to the dim light in the cave, they could see the sheep quite well.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sågo","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vant","lemma":"van","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagern","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagern","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skumma","lemma":"skumm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagern","gloss":"dim"},{"surface":"dagern","lemma":"dager","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"daylight"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grottan","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väl","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ch13-p19-s2","source":"De vuxna kunde vara ungefär lika många som de själva, men dessutom fanns det några små lamm.","translation":"The adults numbered about as many as themselves, but besides these there were a few small lambs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vuxna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vuxna","lemma":"vuxen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of många","gloss":"grown-up"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of många","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to många","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ungefär","lemma":"ungefär","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lika","gloss":"approximately"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fanns","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying de","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dessutom","lemma":"dessutom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on många","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of lamm","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies lamm","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"lamm","lemma":"lamm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"lambs"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"ch13-p19-s3","source":"En stor gumse med långa, vridna horn tycktes vara den förnämsta av flocken.","translation":"A large ram with long, twisted horns seemed to be the foremost of the flock.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gumse","title":"«gumse» vs «tacka»","body":"Swedish has separate words for a ram («gumse») and a ewe («tacka»), the way English does — vocabulary this pastoral chapter leans on constantly."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gumse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gumse","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"gumse","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horn","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies horn","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"vridna","lemma":"vriden","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with långa","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"horn","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies gumse","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to förnämsta","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of förnämsta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förnämsta","lemma":"förnämsta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"complement of tycktes","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flocken","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies förnämsta","gloss":"flock"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch13-p19-s4","source":"Vildgässen gingo emot honom under mycket nigande.","translation":"The wild geese went up to him, bowing a great deal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gingo","title":"Archaic plural: «gingo»","body":"«gingo» is the plural preterite of «gå» ('to go/walk'); modern Swedish uses «gick» for every subject. These -o plural endings run throughout Lagerlöf's prose."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'."},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gingo","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of emot","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nigande","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies nigande","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"nigande","lemma":"nigande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"bowing"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ch13-p19-s5","source":"»Väl mött i vildmarken!»","translation":"»Well met in the wilderness!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mött","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"mött","lemma":"mött","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildmarken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vildmarken","lemma":"vildmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mött","gloss":"wilderness"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch13-p19-s6","source":"hälsade de, men storgumsen låg stilla och sade inte ett välkomstord.","translation":"they greeted him, but the great ram lay still and did not say a single word of welcome.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hälsade","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"greeted"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hälsade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the great ram"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hälsade","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of välkomstord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"välkomstord","lemma":"välkomstord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"word of welcome"}]},{"number":94,"label":"20","id":"ch13-p20-s1","source":"Vildgässen trodde då, att fåren voro missnöjda över att de hade tagit in i deras grotta.","translation":"The wild geese thought then that the sheep were displeased that they had taken shelter in their cave.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"missnöjda","lemma":"missnöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of voro","gloss":"displeased"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tagit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tagit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tagit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tagit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grotta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of grotta","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"grotta","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tagit","gloss":"cave"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s2","source":"»Det är kanske inte till lags, att vi har kommit in här i huset?»","translation":"»Perhaps it isn't proper that we've come in here into your house?»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"till lags","title":"«vara till lags»","body":"The idiom «vara till lags» means 'to be fitting / to suit', usually in the negative, as here: 'perhaps it isn't proper that…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kommit","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"proper"},{"surface":"lags","lemma":"lags","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"proper","note":"Till lags is an older expression meaning acceptable or pleasing."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huset","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"huset","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s3","source":"sade Akka.","translation":"said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s4","source":"»Men vi kan inte hjälpa det, för vi är vinddrivna.","translation":"»But we can't help it, for we've been driven by the wind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hjälpa","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjälpa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hjälpa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vinddrivna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of vinddrivna","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vinddrivna","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vinddrivna","lemma":"vinddrivna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpa","gloss":"wind-driven"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s5","source":"Vi har farit omkring i stormen hela dagen, och det vore allt gott att få stanna här i natt.»","translation":"We've been driven about in the storm all day, and it would be a great mercy to be allowed to stay here tonight.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagen","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of farit","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gott","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to gott","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with farit","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on gott","gloss":"be allowed to"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of få","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s6","source":"Efter detta dröjde det en god stund, innan något av fåren svarade med ord, men däremot hördes det tydligt, att ett par av dem drogo långa suckar.","translation":"After this it was a good while before any of the sheep answered in words, but instead it could be clearly heard that a couple of them drew long sighs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of dröjde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dröjde","lemma":"dröja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was a good while"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dröjde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dröjde","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svarade","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåren","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies något","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on dröjde","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ord","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of svarade","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"däremot","lemma":"däremot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with dröjde","gloss":"could be heard"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hördes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of par","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hördes","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies par","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"drogo","lemma":"drogo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies suckar","gloss":"drew","note":"past plural of dra ('to draw/pull'); mistagged as adjective."},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies suckar","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"suckar","lemma":"suck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies par","gloss":"sighs"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s7","source":"Akka visste nog, att får alltid äro blyga och besynnerliga, men de här tycktes inte alls ha något begrepp om hur de skulle skicka sig.","translation":"Akka certainly knew that sheep are always shy and peculiar, but these seemed to have no idea at all how to conduct themselves.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"äro","title":"Archaic plural: «äro»","body":"«äro» is the old plural present of «vara» ('to be'), used alongside singular «är» — one more pre-reform form that had already dropped out of speech well before 1906 but lingered in literary prose."}],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of blyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blyga","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blyga","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to blyga","gloss":"are","note":"Old plural present tense of vara ('to be')."},{"surface":"blyga","lemma":"blyg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"shy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"besynnerliga","lemma":"besynnerliga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with blyga","gloss":"peculiar"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"these","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with blyga","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tycktes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tycktes","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of begrepp","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"begrepp","lemma":"begrepp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of skicka","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skicka","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skicka","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skicka","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"skicka","lemma":"skicka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying begrepp","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skicka","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s8","source":"Äntligen sade en gammal tacka, som hade ett långlagt och sorgset ansikte och en klagande röst: »Inte är det någon av oss, som nekar er att stanna, men detta är ett sorgens hus, och vi kan inte ta emot gäster som förr i världen.»","translation":"At last an old ewe, who had a long, sorrowful face and a plaintive voice, said: »It isn't that any of us refuses to let you stay, but this is a house of mourning, and we cannot receive guests as we once did.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tacka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tacka","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"tacka","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"ewe","note":"Gloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tacka","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ansikte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långlagt","lemma":"långlagd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ansikte","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sorgset","lemma":"sorgsen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with långlagt","gloss":"sorrowful"},{"surface":"ansikte","lemma":"ansikte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of röst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klagande","lemma":"klagande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to någon","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of någon","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of »","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of nekar","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nekar","lemma":"neka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on någon","gloss":"refuses"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nekar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of nekar","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hus","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hus","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sorgens","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sorgens","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of hus","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with någon","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with någon","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"receive"},{"surface":"gäster","lemma":"gäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"guests"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of förr","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on gäster","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förr","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s9","source":"— »Inte behöver ni vara ängsliga för sådant,»","translation":"— »You needn't be anxious about that,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ängsliga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behöver","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ängsliga","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ängsliga","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to ängsliga","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ängsliga","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sådant","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ängsliga","gloss":"such a thing"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s10","source":"sade Akka.","translation":"said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch13-p20-s11","source":"»Om ni visste vad vi har utstått i dag, skulle ni nog begripa, att vi är nöjda, bara vi får en trygg fläck att sova på.»","translation":"»If you knew what we've been through today, you would surely understand that we're content just to have a safe spot to sleep on.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"utstått","title":"Supine: «har utstått»","body":"«utstått» is the supine of «utstå» ('to endure'), used after «har» to build the present perfect: 'what we have endured'. Compare the plain preterite forms elsewhere, which name a single finished past action rather than a lasting result."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on begripa","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of utstått","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of utstått","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of utstått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"utstått","lemma":"utstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies utstått","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nöjda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of nöjda","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nöjda","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nöjda","lemma":"nöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"content"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of får","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on nöjda","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fläck","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trygg","lemma":"trygg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fläck","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"fläck","lemma":"fläck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of får","gloss":"spot"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying fläck","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sova","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":105,"label":"21","id":"ch13-p21-s1","source":"När Akka sade detta, reste sig den gamla tackan.","translation":"When Akka said this, the old ewe rose.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on reste","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of reste","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tackan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies tackan","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"tackan","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of reste","gloss":"the ewe"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch13-p21-s2","source":"»Jag tror nog, att det vore bättre för er att flyga omkring i starkaste storm än att stanna här.","translation":"»I do believe it would be better for you to fly about in the strongest storm than to stay here.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bättre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bättre","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to bättre","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bättre","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bättre","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking storm","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"starkaste","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"strongest"},{"surface":"storm","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flyga","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying storm","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch13-p21-s3","source":"Men nu ska ni ändå inte fara härifrån, förrän vi har fått bjuda er på en så god välfägnad, som huset förmår.»","translation":"But even so, you shall not leave here before we have offered you as good a welcome as the house can provide.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"härifrån","lemma":"härifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bjuda","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bjuda","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bjuda","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of bjuda","gloss":"have offered","note":"\"hade alltid fått lära sig\" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction (\"had always been taught\"), a distinct sense from the permissive \"gotten to\" readings in the other examples."},{"surface":"bjuda","lemma":"bjuda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"in apposition to fara","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bjuda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking välfägnad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of välfägnad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies välfägnad","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"välfägnad","lemma":"välfägnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bjuda","gloss":"fare"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of förmår","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"huset","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of förmår","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"förmår","lemma":"förmå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on välfägnad","gloss":"is able to"}]},{"number":108,"label":"22","id":"ch13-p22-s1","source":"Hon visade dem fram till en grop i marken, som var full av vatten.","translation":"She led them to a hollow in the ground that was full of water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"visade","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of visade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grop","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grop","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grop","lemma":"grop","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of visade","gloss":"pit"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies grop","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of full","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to full","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on grop","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vatten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of full","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"ch13-p22-s2","source":"Därbredvid låg en hög med agnar och boss, och den bad hon dem hålla till godo med.","translation":"Beside it lay a heap of husks and chaff, and this she asked them to make do with.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"boss","title":"«boss» — chaff","body":"An old farm word for the husks and dust left after threshing grain, paired here with «agnar» ('husks'); both name what's left once the useful grain is gone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Därbredvid","lemma":"därbredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"beside it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hög","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agnar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"agnar","lemma":"agn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"chaff"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"boss","lemma":"boss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with agnar","gloss":"chaff"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"bad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"asked","note":"Past tense of 'be' (to ask/request)."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bad","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of bad","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of bad","gloss":"to make do"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"godo","lemma":"godo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"make do (with)","note":"Archaic dative form of 'gott', almost always in 'hålla till godo med' = 'to make do with'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hålla","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ch13-p22-s3","source":"»Vi har haft sträng snövinter i år här på ön,»","translation":"»We've had a harsh, snowy winter this year here on the island,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sträng","lemma":"sträng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies snövinter","gloss":"harsh","note":"tagged as a noun but every occurrence is the adjective 'sträng' (stern/strict/severe)."},{"surface":"snövinter","lemma":"snövint","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"snowy winter"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"this year"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of i","gloss":"the island"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ch13-p22-s4","source":"sade hon.","translation":"she said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"ch13-p22-s5","source":"»Bönderna, som äger oss, kom ut till oss med hö och havrehalm, för att vi inte skulle svälta ihjäl.","translation":"»The farmers who own us came out to us with hay and oat straw, so that we wouldn't starve to death.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bönderna","lemma":"Bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of äger","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"äger","lemma":"äga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Bönderna","gloss":"owns"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of äger","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hö","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hö","lemma":"hö","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"hay"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"havrehalm","lemma":"havrehalm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hö","gloss":"oat straw"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of svälta","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of svälta","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies svälta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of svälta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"svälta","lemma":"svälta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"to starve"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of svälta","gloss":"to death","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl)."}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ch13-p22-s6","source":"Och det här skräpet är allt, som är kvar av välfägnaden.»","translation":"And this rubbish here is all that's left of the fare.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skräpet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skräpet","lemma":"skräp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of allt","gloss":"rubbish"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to allt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of är","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on allt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on är","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking välfägnaden","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"välfägnaden","lemma":"välfägnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of är","gloss":"fare"}]},{"number":114,"label":"23","id":"ch13-p23-s1","source":"Gässen störtade sig genast över maten.","translation":"The geese fell upon the food at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of störtade","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"störtade","lemma":"störta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of störtade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies störtade","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maten","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"maten","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of störtade","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s2","source":"De tyckte, att de hade råkat väl ut och voro i sitt bästa lynne.","translation":"They felt they had come off well, and were in their best of spirits.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of råkat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of råkat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of råkat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"råkat","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"come off"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkat","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on råkat","gloss":"come off"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with råkat","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lynne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of lynne","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies lynne","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"lynne","lemma":"lynne","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of råkat","gloss":"mood"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s3","source":"De märkte nog, att fåren voro ängsliga, men de visste hur lättskrämda får bruka vara och trodde inte, att det var någon verklig fara å färde.","translation":"They did notice that the sheep were anxious, but they knew how easily frightened sheep tend to be, and did not think there was any real danger afoot.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märkte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on märkte","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ängsliga","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lättskrämda","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lättskrämda","lemma":"lättskrämed","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bruka","gloss":"easily frightened"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bruka","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"bruka","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"tend to","note":"First example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of bruka","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bruka","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fara","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"verklig","lemma":"verklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of bruka","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"å","lemma":"å","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking färde","gloss":"afoot","note":"Mostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use."},{"surface":"färde","lemma":"färde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"afoot","note":"Archaic noun surviving only in the idiom 'fara å färde', 'danger afoot/about'."}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s4","source":"Så snart som de hade ätit, ämnade de som vanligt ställa sig att sova.","translation":"As soon as they had eaten, they intended, as usual, to settle down to sleep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ätit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Så","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ätit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ätit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ätit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ätit","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on ämnade","gloss":"eaten"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ämnade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vanligt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vanligt","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of ämnade","gloss":"usual","note":"Appears in the fixed phrase 'som vanligt' (as usual)."},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ämnade","gloss":"to settle down"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställa","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ställa","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s5","source":"Men då reste sig den stora gumsen och gick fram till dem.","translation":"But then the great ram rose and came up to them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reste","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of reste","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gumsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gumsen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of reste","gloss":"the ram","note":"gumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with reste","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s6","source":"Gässen tänkte, att de aldrig hade sett ett får med så långa och grova horn.","translation":"The geese thought they had never seen a sheep with such long, heavy horns.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of sett","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on får","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långa","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies får","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grova","lemma":"grova","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with får","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"horn","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of grova","gloss":"horns"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s7","source":"Också i annat var han märklig.","translation":"In other ways too he was remarkable.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking var","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"other ways"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märklig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märklig","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märklig","lemma":"märklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"remarkable"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch13-p23-s8","source":"Han hade stor, kullrig panna, kloka ögon och god hållning, som om han vore ett stolt och modigt djur.","translation":"He had a large, domed forehead, wise eyes, and a fine bearing, as though he were a proud and courageous creature.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"kullrig","lemma":"kullrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies panna","gloss":"rounded"},{"surface":"panna","lemma":"panna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"kloka","lemma":"kloka","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögon","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hållning","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"hållning","lemma":"hållning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of stolt","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stolt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stolt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to stolt","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stolt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stolt","lemma":"stolt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on hållning","gloss":"proud","note":"Functions as adjective 'proud' in all examples, despite the noun tag."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"modigt","lemma":"modig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with stolt","gloss":"animals"}]},{"number":122,"label":"24","id":"ch13-p24-s1","source":"»Jag kan inte stå till svars med att låta er somna, utan att tala om, att här är osäkert,»","translation":"»I cannot answer for letting you fall asleep without telling you that it is not safe here,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stå","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svars","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"svars","lemma":"svars","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stå","gloss":"accountable","note":"Used only in the expression stå till svars, ‘be answerable’."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stå","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of låta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"somna","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"to fall asleep"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tala","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of osäkert","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies osäkert","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to osäkert","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"osäkert","lemma":"osäker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tala","gloss":"unsafe"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s2","source":"sade han.","translation":"he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s3","source":"»Vi kan inte ta emot nattgäster nu för tiden.»","translation":"»We cannot receive night guests these days.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"receive"},{"surface":"nattgäster","lemma":"nattgäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"overnight guests"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"nowadays"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s4","source":"Äntligen började Akka förstå, att detta var allvar.","translation":"At last Akka began to understand that this was serious.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Äntligen","lemma":"Äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of började","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of allvar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of allvar","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to allvar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"allvar","lemma":"allvar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"serious"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s5","source":"»Vi ska fara vår väg, eftersom ni nödvändigt önskar det,»","translation":"»We'll go our way, since you insist upon it,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"vår","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"our","note":"Mistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive \"our\", not the pronoun \"we\"."},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fara","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of önskar","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of önskar","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"nödvändigt","lemma":"nödvändig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies önskar","gloss":"insist upon"},{"surface":"önskar","lemma":"önska","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fara","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of önskar","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s6","source":"sade hon.","translation":"she said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s7","source":"»Men vill ni inte först tala om vad det är, som plågar er?","translation":"»But won't you first tell us what it is that troubles you?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tala","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tala","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of plågar","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of är","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to plågar","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of plågar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"plågar","lemma":"plåga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tala","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of plågar","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s8","source":"Vi har inte reda på någonting.","translation":"We have no idea about anything.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies har","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on har","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking någonting","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"någonting","lemma":"någonting","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s9","source":"Vi vet inte en gång vart vi är komna.»","translation":"We don't even know where we've come to.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of vet","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"vet","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vet","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komna","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of komna","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to komna","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"komna","lemma":"komn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of vet","gloss":"come","note":"Plural past participle of komma (\"to come\")."}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s10","source":"— »Detta är Lilla Karlsön,»","translation":"— »This is Little Karlsö,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Karlsön","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Karlsön","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Lilla","lemma":"Lilla","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Karlsön","gloss":"Little","note":"Part of the place name 'Lilla Karlsön' (Little Karlsö)."},{"surface":"Karlsön","lemma":"Karlsön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Karlsön"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s11","source":"sade gumsen.","translation":"said the ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the ram","note":"gumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag."}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s12","source":"»Den ligger utanför Gottland, och det är inga andra än får och havsfåglar, som bor här.»","translation":"»It lies off Gotland, and no one but sheep and seabirds lives here.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gottland","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"Gottland","lemma":"Gottland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"Gotland","note":"Older spelling of Gotland."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of andra","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to andra","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with ligger","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of får","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on andra","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"havsfåglar","lemma":"havsfågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with får","gloss":"seabirds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on havsfåglar","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s13","source":"— »Kanske ni är vildfår?»","translation":"— »Perhaps you're wild sheep?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vildfår","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vildfår","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vildfår","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vildfår","lemma":"vildfår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wild sheep"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s14","source":"sade Akka.","translation":"said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s15","source":"— »Det är inte långt ifrån,»","translation":"— »It's not far from that,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of långt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to långt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase långt","gloss":"from"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s16","source":"svarade gumsen.","translation":"answered the ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the ram","note":"gumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag."}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s17","source":"»Vi har just ingenting att göra med människor.","translation":"»We have next to nothing to do with people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on har","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking människor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s18","source":"Det är en gammal överenskommelse mellan oss och bönderna i en gård inne på Gottland, att de ska förse oss med foder, ifall det blir snövinter, och till gengäld får de föra bort dem av oss, som blir övertaliga.","translation":"There is an old agreement between us and the farmers at a farm over on Gotland, that they will supply us with fodder if it turns into a snowy winter, and in exchange they may take away those of us who become too many.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of överenskommelse","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to överenskommelse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of överenskommelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies överenskommelse","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"överenskommelse","lemma":"överenskommelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"agreement"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies överenskommelse","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with oss","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies överenskommelse","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gård","gloss":"over on"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gottland","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gottland","lemma":"Gottland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"Gotland","note":"Older spelling of Gotland."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of förse","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förse","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"förse","lemma":"förse","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on överenskommelse","gloss":"supply"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of förse","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foder","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"foder","lemma":"foder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of förse","gloss":"fodder"},{"surface":"ifall","lemma":"ifall","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of blir","gloss":"if","note":"Functions as the conjunction 'if/in case'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förse","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"snövinter","lemma":"snövint","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"snowy winter"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies får","gloss":"in return"},{"surface":"gengäld","lemma":"gengäld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"return","note":"used in the phrase 'till gengäld', 'in return'."},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of föra","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of föra","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"föra","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with blir","gloss":"take away"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on föra","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of föra","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of föra","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on föra","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"övertaliga","lemma":"övertalig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"too many"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s19","source":"Ön är liten, så att den kan inte föda alltför många av oss.","translation":"The island is small, so it cannot feed too many of us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ön","lemma":"Ön","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of liten","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to liten","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of föda","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of föda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of föda","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies föda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"föda","lemma":"föda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on liten","gloss":"feed"},{"surface":"alltför","lemma":"alltför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of föda","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of föda","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"ch13-p24-s20","source":"Men eljest sköter vi oss själva hela året om, och vi bor inte i hus med dörrar och lås, utan vi håller till i sådana här grottor.»","translation":"But otherwise we take care of ourselves all year round, and we don't live in houses with doors and locks, but keep to caves like this one.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"eljest","lemma":"eljest","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sköter","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"sköter","lemma":"sköta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes care of"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sköter","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sköter","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies året","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies året","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sköter","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking året","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sköter","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hus","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of bor","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dörrar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dörrar","lemma":"dörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lås","lemma":"lås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with dörrar","gloss":"locks"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of håller","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"håller","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sköter","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on håller","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies grottor","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase sådana","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"grottor","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of håller","gloss":"caves"}]},{"number":142,"label":"25","id":"ch13-p25-s1","source":"»Stannar ni här ute om vintern med?»","translation":"»Do you stay out here in winter too?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stannar","lemma":"Stannar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Stannar","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stannar","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stannar","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vintern","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vintern","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Stannar","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Stannar","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s2","source":"frågade Akka förvånad.","translation":"asked Akka, astonished.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"förvånad","lemma":"förvånad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of frågade","gloss":"astonished"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s3","source":"— »Ja, det gör vi,»","translation":"— »Yes, we do,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on gör","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s4","source":"svarade gumsen.","translation":"answered the ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the ram","note":"gumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag."}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s5","source":"»Vi har gott bete häroppe på berget hela året om.»","translation":"»We have good grazing up here on the mountain all year round.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bete","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"bete","lemma":"bete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"indirect object of har","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"häroppe","lemma":"häroppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"up here","note":"Functions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies häroppe","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies året","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking året","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s6","source":"— »Jag tycker, att det låter, som om ni skulle ha det bättre än andra får,»","translation":"— »It sounds to me as though you should have things better than other sheep,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tycker","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låter","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låter","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låter","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tycker","gloss":"sounds"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of får","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on får","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of ha","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on låter","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s7","source":"sade Akka.","translation":"said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s8","source":"»Men vad är det nu för en olycka, som har kommit över er?»","translation":"»But what misfortune is it, then, that has come upon you?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vad","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olycka","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of olycka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vad","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on olycka","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s9","source":"— »Det var stark köld i vintras.","translation":"— »There was a hard frost this past winter.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of köld","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to köld","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies köld","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"köld","lemma":"köld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies köld","gloss":"last winter"},{"surface":"vintras","lemma":"vintras","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"last winter"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s10","source":"Havet frös, och då gick tre stycken rävar hitöver på isen, och de har stannat kvar här alltsedan.","translation":"The sea froze, and then three foxes came across on the ice, and they have stayed here ever since.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Havet","lemma":"Hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of frös","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"frös","lemma":"frös","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"froze"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with frös","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies stycken","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"stycken","lemma":"styck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of rävar","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"rävar","lemma":"räva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"foxes","note":"tagged as a verb form but every occurrence is the plural noun 'rävar' (foxes); glossed as the noun it actually is."},{"surface":"hitöver","lemma":"hitöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rävar","gloss":"over here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hitöver","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stannat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"stannat","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stannat","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stannat","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"alltsedan","lemma":"alltsedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stannat","gloss":"ever since"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s11","source":"Eljest finns det inte ett livsfarligt djur här på ön.»","translation":"Otherwise there isn't a single dangerous animal on this island.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eljest","lemma":"eljest","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of djur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"livsfarligt","lemma":"livsfarlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"animal"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ön","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of här","gloss":"the island"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s12","source":"— »Jaså, vågar rävarna sig på en sådan som ni?»","translation":"— »Really, do the foxes dare tackle one such as you?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jaså","lemma":"Jaså","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågar","gloss":"really","note":"Interjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone."},{"surface":"vågar","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of vågar","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vågar","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sådan","gloss":"tackle"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sådan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of vågar","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ni","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to sådan","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s13","source":"— »Ånej, inte om dagen, då kan jag nog försvara mig och de mina,»","translation":"— »Oh no, not by day; then I can well defend myself and mine,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ånej","lemma":"Ånej","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh no","note":"Interjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Ånej","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies försvara","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försvara","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försvara","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies försvara","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"försvara","lemma":"försvara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on Ånej","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of försvara","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mina","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"mina","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with mig","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mina\" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s14","source":"sade gumsen och skakade på hornen.","translation":"said the ram, shaking his horns.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the ram","note":"gumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skakade","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hornen","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"hornen","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of skakade","gloss":"horns"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s15","source":"»Men de smyger sig över oss om natten, när vi sover inne i grottorna.","translation":"»But they creep up on us at night, when we're asleep inside the caves.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of smyger","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"smyger","lemma":"smyga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"creeps"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of smyger","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of smyger","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking natten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of smyger","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sover","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sover","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"sover","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on smyger","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sover","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottorna","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"grottorna","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sover","gloss":"caves"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s16","source":"Vi försöker att hålla oss vakna, men någon gång måste man ju sova, och då kommer de över oss.","translation":"We try to stay awake, but sometime one has to sleep, and then they come upon us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of försöker","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"försöker","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tries"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försöker","gloss":"to stay awake"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"vakna","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hålla","gloss":"to wake"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"sometime"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sova","gloss":"sometime"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sova","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sova","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sova","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hålla","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hålla","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"ch13-p25-s17","source":"De har redan dödat vartenda får i de andra grottorna, och där fanns flockar, som var lika stora som min.»","translation":"They've already killed every single sheep in the other caves, and there were flocks there just as large as mine.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of dödat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dödat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dödat","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"dödat","lemma":"döda","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"vartenda","lemma":"vartend","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"complement of dödat","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"oblique complement of dödat","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottorna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of grottorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies grottorna","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"grottorna","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of får","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with dödat","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"flockar","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stora","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stora","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on flockar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of min.","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"min.","lemma":"min.","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on stora","gloss":"mine"}]},{"number":159,"label":"26","id":"ch13-p26-s1","source":"»Det är inte roligt att tala om, att vi är så hjälplösa,»","translation":"»It's no pleasure to speak of how helpless we are,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with roligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to roligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies roligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"roligt","lemma":"rolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fun"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tala","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on roligt","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tala","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hjälplösa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hjälplösa","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hjälplösa","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hjälplösa","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"hjälplösa","lemma":"hjälplös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on roligt","gloss":"helpless"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s2","source":"sade nu den gamla tackan.","translation":"said the old ewe now.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tackan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies tackan","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"tackan","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the ewe"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s3","source":"»Vi kan inte reda oss bättre, än om vi vore tamfår.»","translation":"»We can do no better than if we were tame sheep.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of reda","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of reda","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies reda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"manage","note":"Infinitive of the verb 'reda sig' (to manage/fend for oneself), mistagged as a preposition."},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of reda","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reda","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tamfår","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tamfår","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tamfår","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to tamfår","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"tamfår","lemma":"tamfår","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on reda","gloss":"tame sheep"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s4","source":"— »Tror ni, att de kommer hit i natt?»","translation":"— »Do you think they'll come here tonight?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tror","lemma":"Tror","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think/believe"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Tror","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of Tror","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s5","source":"sade Akka.","translation":"said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s6","source":"— »Det är inte annat att vänta,»","translation":"— »There's nothing else to expect,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with annat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to annat","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vänta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on annat","gloss":"to wait"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s7","source":"svarade den gamla.","translation":"answered the old one.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"complement of svarade","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s8","source":"»De var här i går natt och stal ett lamm ifrån oss.","translation":"»They were here last night and stole a lamb from us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of går","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to går","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies var","gloss":"last night"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies går","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stal","lemma":"stal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with natt","gloss":"stole","note":"Past tense of the verb 'stjäla' (to steal); mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of lamm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lamm","lemma":"lamm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of går","gloss":"a lamb"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies lamm","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s9","source":"De lär nog komma igen, så länge någon av oss finns i livet.","translation":"They'll surely come again, for as long as any of us is left alive.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lär","lemma":"lär","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"is said to","note":"modal expressing hearsay or likelihood."},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on komma","gloss":"for as long as"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on komma","gloss":"is left alive"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking livet","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"livet","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"alive"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s10","source":"Så har de gjort på de andra ställena.»","translation":"That's what they've done at the other places.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställena","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ställena","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställena","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ställena","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"places"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s11","source":"— »Men om de får hålla på så här, så blir ni ju rent utödda,»","translation":"— »But if they're allowed to go on like this, you'll be wiped out entirely,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"allowed to"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on blir","gloss":"to go on"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on blir","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utödda","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"utödda","lemma":"utödda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"wiped out"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s12","source":"sade Akka.","translation":"said Akka.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s13","source":"— »Ja, det ska inte dröja länge, förrän det är slut med alla fåren på Lilla Karlsön,»","translation":"— »Yes, it won't be long before it's the end of all the sheep on Little Karlsö,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on ,","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dröja","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dröja","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dröja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dröja","lemma":"dröja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to delay"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröja","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slut","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of slut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to slut","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"slut","lemma":"slut","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on dröja","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåren","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fåren","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slut","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Karlsön","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Lilla","lemma":"Lilla","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of Karlsön","gloss":"Little","note":"Part of the place name 'Lilla Karlsön' (Little Karlsö)."},{"surface":"Karlsön","lemma":"Karlsön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies fåren","gloss":"Karlsön"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch13-p26-s14","source":"sade tackan.","translation":"said the ewe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"tackan","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the ewe"}]},{"number":173,"label":"27","id":"ch13-p27-s1","source":"Akka stod där rätt tvehågsen.","translation":"Akka stood there rather torn.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tvehågsen","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"tvehågsen","lemma":"tvehågs","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"torn","note":"Mistagged as a noun; surface 'tvehågsen' is the adjective tvehågsen (undecided/hesitant)."}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s2","source":"Inte var det roligt att ge sig ut i stormen igen, och inte var det gott att stanna i ett hus, där det väntades sådana gäster.","translation":"It was no pleasure to go back out into the storm again, and it was no good either to stay in a house where such guests were expected.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies roligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to roligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with roligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"roligt","lemma":"rolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fun"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on roligt","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stormen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gott","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gott","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with roligt","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hus","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stanna","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väntades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with väntades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väntades","lemma":"väntadea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on hus","gloss":"were expected"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gäster","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"gäster","lemma":"gäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive väntades","gloss":"guests"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s3","source":"När hon hade funderat en stund, vände hon sig till Tummetott.","translation":"When she had thought it over for a while, she turned to Thumbietot.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funderat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of funderat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of funderat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"funderat","lemma":"fundera","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on vände","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of funderat","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tummetott","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname once shrunk; kept as the studio translation's name."}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s4","source":"»Jag undrar om du vill hjälpa oss, som du har gjort många gånger förut,»","translation":"»I wonder if you would help us, as you have done many times before,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hjälpa","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hjälpa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hjälpa","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of undrar","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hjälpa","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of förut","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":177,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s5","source":"sade hon.","translation":"she said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s6","source":"Jo, svarade pojken, det ville han nog.","translation":"Yes, the boy answered, he would be glad to.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on svarade","gloss":"well/yes","note":"used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt."},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ville","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to svarade","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ville","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ville","gloss":"gladly"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s7","source":"— »Det är allt synd om dig att inte få sova,»","translation":"— »It's a great pity for you not to get any sleep,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with synd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to synd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies synd","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"synd","lemma":"synd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a pity"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of synd","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sova","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sova","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on synd","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s8","source":"sade vildgåsen, »men jag undrar om du orkar vaka, tills rävarna kommer, och väcka oss då, så att vi får flyga undan.»","translation":"said the wild goose, »but I wonder if you're able to stay awake until the foxes come, and wake us then, so that we can fly away.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"orkar","title":"«orka» — to have the strength for","body":"«orka» means 'to be able to, physically or in stamina' — not simple ability («kunna») but having enough energy left: 'do you have it in you to stay awake?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"wild goose"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of orkar","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of orkar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"orkar","lemma":"orka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of undrar","gloss":"manages"},{"surface":"vaka","lemma":"vaka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of orkar","gloss":"to keep watch"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking rävarna","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vaka","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with orkar","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väcka","lemma":"väcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kommer","gloss":"to wake"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of väcka","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väcka","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flyga","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kommer","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flyga","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"ch13-p27-s9","source":"Pojken blev så måttligt glad åt detta, men allting var bättre än att ge sig ut i stormen igen, så att han lovade, att han skulle hålla sig vaken.","translation":"The boy was only moderately pleased by this, but anything was better than going back out into the storm again, so he promised that he would keep himself awake.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"måttligt","lemma":"måttlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"moderately"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"allting","lemma":"allting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bättre","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bättre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bättre","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stormen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ge","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of lovade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lovade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lovade","lemma":"lova","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of lovade","gloss":"to stay awake"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"vaken","lemma":"vak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"awake","note":"All four examples in this chunk use \"vaken\" as the adjective (awake), not the noun \"vak\" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be \"awake\" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface."}]},{"number":182,"label":"28","id":"ch13-p28-s1","source":"Han gick fram till grottöppningen, kröp ner bakom en sten, för att han skulle få lä för stormen, och satte sig att vaka.","translation":"He went up to the cave opening, crept down behind a rock so as to have shelter from the storm, and sat down to keep watch.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottöppningen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"grottöppningen","lemma":"grottöppning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"the cave opening"},{"surface":"kröp","lemma":"kröp","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"crept","note":"Past tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kröp","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kröp","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kröp","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"lä","lemma":"lä","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stormen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with få","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vaka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vaka","lemma":"vaka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of satte","gloss":"to keep watch"}]},{"number":183,"label":"29","id":"ch13-p29-s1","source":"När pojken hade suttit där en stund, tycktes stormen avtaga.","translation":"When the boy had sat there for a while, the storm seemed to be dying down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suttit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tycktes","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suttit","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of suttit","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"avtaga","lemma":"avtaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tycktes","gloss":"die down"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"ch13-p29-s2","source":"Himlen blev klar, och månskenet började leka på vågorna.","translation":"The sky grew clear, and moonlight began to play on the waves.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Himlen","lemma":"Himlen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"the sky","note":"Common noun 'himmel' (sky/heaven) mistagged as a proper noun here."},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"klar","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"månskenet","lemma":"månsken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"moonlight"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"leka","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to play"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågorna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of leka","gloss":"the waves"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"ch13-p29-s3","source":"Pojken gick till grottöppningen för att se ut.","translation":"The boy went to the cave opening to look out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottöppningen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"grottöppningen","lemma":"grottöppning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"the cave opening"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gick","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"ch13-p29-s4","source":"Grottan befann sig rätt högt uppåt berget.","translation":"The cave was situated quite high up on the mountain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Grottan","lemma":"Grottan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of befann","gloss":"the cave"},{"surface":"befann","lemma":"befanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was situated","note":"Reflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of befann","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppåt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppåt","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berget","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of befann","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"ch13-p29-s5","source":"En smal och brant stig ledde ditupp.","translation":"A narrow, steep path led up there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ledde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smal","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ledde","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brant","lemma":"brant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stig","gloss":"steep","note":"Also used as a noun for 'a steep slope' in some occurrences."},{"surface":"stig","lemma":"stig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with smal","gloss":"path","note":"Mostly the noun 'stig' (path), mistagged as an adjective; one example is instead the imperative 'stig opp!' (get up!) of the verb stiga."},{"surface":"ledde","lemma":"leda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ditupp","lemma":"ditupp","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of ledde","gloss":"up there"}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"ch13-p29-s6","source":"På den var det väl, han hade att vänta rävarna.","translation":"It was on that path, no doubt, that he had to expect the foxes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vänta","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vänta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on var","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of vänta","gloss":"the foxes"}]},{"number":189,"label":"30","id":"ch13-p30-s1","source":"Inga rävar såg han ännu till, men däremot något, som han i första ögonblicket blev mycket mera rädd för.","translation":"No foxes did he see as yet, but instead something that in the first instant frightened him a great deal more.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inga","lemma":"inga","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies rävar","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"rävar","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"foxes"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"däremot","lemma":"däremot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies något","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on blev","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblicket","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ögonblicket","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"ögonblicket","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mera","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"mera","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblicket","gloss":"of"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s2","source":"På strandremsan nedanför berget stodo några stora jättar eller andra stentroll, eller kanske att det rent av var människor.","translation":"On the strip of beach below the mountain stood some great giants or other stone trolls, or perhaps they were actually people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandremsan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"strandremsan","lemma":"strandremsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"strip of shore"},{"surface":"nedanför","lemma":"nedanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies strandremsan","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stora","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of jättar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"jättar","lemma":"jätta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of stodo","gloss":"giants","note":"jättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stentroll","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"stentroll","lemma":"stentroll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of jättar","gloss":"stone troll"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies människor","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of människor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of människor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies människor","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase rent","gloss":"actually"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to människor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with jättar","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":191,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s3","source":"Först trodde han, att han drömde, men nu var han alldeles säker på att han inte hade fallit i sömn.","translation":"At first he thought he was dreaming, but now he was quite certain that he had not fallen asleep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of drömde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of drömde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"drömde","lemma":"drömdea","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to säker","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säker","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säker","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"säker","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with trodde","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fallit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fallit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fallit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fallit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fallit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on säker","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sömn","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sömn","lemma":"sömn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fallit","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s4","source":"Han såg de stora karlarna så tydligt, att det inte kunde vara någon synvilla.","translation":"He saw the great fellows so clearly that it could not be any trick of the eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of karlarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies karlarna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"karlarna","lemma":"karlarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tydligt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synvilla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of synvilla","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies synvilla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of synvilla","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to synvilla","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of synvilla","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"synvilla","lemma":"synvilla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"illusion"}]},{"number":193,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s5","source":"Somliga stodo ute på strandbrädden och andra alldeles inpå berget, som om de ämnade klättra uppför det.","translation":"Some stood out on the strand and others right up against the mountain, as if they meant to climb up it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandbrädden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"strandbrädden","lemma":"strandbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"riverbank"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berget","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"inpå","lemma":"inpå","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"right up on"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of andra","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klättra","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klättra","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of klättra","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on klättra","gloss":"intended to","note":"Actually the past tense of the verb ämna \"to intend\", mislabeled as an adjective."},{"surface":"klättra","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on berget","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on klättra","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of uppför","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s6","source":"Somliga hade stora, tjocka huvuden, och andra hade inget alls.","translation":"Some had large, thick heads, and others had none at all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies huvuden","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"tjocka","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"huvuden","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inget","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s7","source":"Somliga voro enarmade, och somliga hade pucklar både fram och bak.","translation":"Some were one-armed, and some had humps both front and back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on enarmade","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"enarmade","lemma":"enarma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Somliga","gloss":"one-armed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Somliga","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"pucklar","lemma":"puckel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"humps"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bak","lemma":"bak","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"back","note":"Usually the adverb 'at the back', but in ch42-p19 'ha bak för sig' means 'to be baking'."}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"ch13-p30-s8","source":"Han hade aldrig sett något så märkvärdigt.","translation":"He had never seen anything so extraordinary.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of sett","gloss":"extraordinary"}]},{"number":197,"label":"31","id":"ch13-p31-s1","source":"Pojken stod och skrämde upp sig för de där trollen, så att han nästan glömde att spana efter rävarna.","translation":"The boy stood there frightening himself over those trolls, so that he almost forgot to watch out for the foxes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skrämde","lemma":"skrämde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skrämde","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skrämde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking de","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of skrämde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trollen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"trollen","lemma":"troll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to de","gloss":"troll"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of glömde","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glömde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glömde","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"glömde","lemma":"glöma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of spana","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"spana","lemma":"spana","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of glömde","gloss":"watch for"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rävarna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of spana","gloss":"the foxes"}]},{"number":198,"label":"","id":"ch13-p31-s2","source":"Men nu hörde han en klo skrapa mot en sten.","translation":"But now he heard a claw scrape against a stone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hörde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klo","lemma":"klo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skrapa","gloss":"claw"},{"surface":"skrapa","lemma":"skrapa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"scrape"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrapa","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"ch13-p31-s3","source":"Han såg tre rävar komma uppför branten, och så snart som han visste, att han hade något verkligt att göra med, blev han lugn igen och inte ett grand rädd.","translation":"He saw three foxes coming up the steep slope, and as soon as he knew he had something real to deal with, he grew calm again and was not the least bit afraid.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies rävar","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"rävar","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"foxes"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking branten","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"branten","lemma":"brant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"slope"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snart","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies och","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of visste","gloss":"as","note":"Adverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of verkligt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"verkligt","lemma":"verklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying verkligt","gloss":"deal"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on göra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to såg","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lugn","lemma":"lugn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blev","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies rädd","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of grand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"least bit"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":200,"label":"","id":"ch13-p31-s4","source":"Det föll honom in, att det var bra synd att bara väcka gässen och lämna fåren åt sitt öde.","translation":"It occurred to him that it would be a great shame just to wake the geese and leave the sheep to their fate.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with föll","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"föll","lemma":"föll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of föll","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on föll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synd","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with synd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to synd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies synd","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"synd","lemma":"synd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of föll","gloss":"a shame"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of väcka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väcka","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"väcka","lemma":"väcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on synd","gloss":"to wake"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of väcka","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lämna","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with väcka","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämna","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of öde","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"öde","lemma":"öde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lämna","gloss":"fate","note":"öde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective."}]},{"number":201,"label":"","id":"ch13-p31-s5","source":"Han tyckte, att han skulle vilja ställa till på annat sätt.","translation":"He felt he would like to arrange things differently.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ställa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ställa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vilja","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ställa","gloss":"to want"},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"to arrange"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ställa","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sätt","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställa","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":202,"label":"32","id":"ch13-p32-s1","source":"Han sprang hastigt inåt grottan, skakade storgumsen i hornen, så att han vaknade, och svängde sig på samma gång upp på hans rygg.","translation":"He ran quickly back into the cave, shook the great ram by the horns until he woke, and at the same time swung himself up onto his back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprang","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"inåt","lemma":"inåt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottan","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"grottan","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"skakade","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sprang","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skakade","gloss":"the big ram"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hornen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hornen","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of skakade","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vaknade","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vaknade","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sprang","gloss":"woke up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svängde","lemma":"svängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vaknade","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of svängde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of svängde","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svängde","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rygg","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of rygg","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of svängde","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"ch13-p32-s2","source":"»Res på er, far, så ska vi försöka att skrämma rävarna en smula!»","translation":"»Get up, father, and we'll try to give the foxes a scare!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Res","lemma":"Res","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on försöka","gloss":"get up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies Res","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with er","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on försöka","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försöka","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of försöka","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"försöka","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skrämma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skrämma","lemma":"skrämma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of försöka","gloss":"to frighten"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of skrämma","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of smula","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smula","lemma":"smula","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skrämma","gloss":"bit"}]},{"number":204,"label":"","id":"ch13-p32-s3","source":"sade pojken.","translation":"said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":205,"label":"33","id":"ch13-p33-s1","source":"Han hade försökt att vara så tyst som möjligt, men rävarna måtte allt ha hört något buller.","translation":"He had tried to be as quiet as possible, but the foxes must still have heard some noise.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försökt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försökt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"försökt","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tyst","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to tyst","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyst","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"tyst","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on försökt","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of möjligt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tyst","gloss":"possible","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rävarna","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hört","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tyst","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of buller","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"buller","lemma":"buller","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"noise"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s2","source":"När de kommo upp till grottans mynning, stannade de och överlade.","translation":"When they came up to the mouth of the cave, they stopped and conferred.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stannade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mynning","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"grottans","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of mynning","gloss":"the cave's"},{"surface":"mynning","lemma":"mynning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"mouth","note":"The mouth of a cave or river."},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"överlade","lemma":"överla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"deliberated"}]},{"number":207,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s3","source":"»Det var bestämt någon av dem därinne, som rörde på sig,»","translation":"»That was surely one of them in there, moving about,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bestämt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bestämt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bestämt","lemma":"bestämma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bestämt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"därinne","lemma":"därinne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bestämt","gloss":"in there"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on bestämt","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of rörde","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":208,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s4","source":"sade en.","translation":"said one.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"a"}]},{"number":209,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s5","source":"»Jag undrar om de är vakna.»","translation":"»I wonder if they're awake.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vakna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vakna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vakna","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vakna","lemma":"vakn","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on undrar","gloss":"awake"}]},{"number":210,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s6","source":"— »Å, gå på du bara!»","translation":"— »Oh, just go on!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Å","lemma":"Å","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gå","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":211,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s7","source":"sade en annan.","translation":"said another.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of annan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":212,"label":"","id":"ch13-p33-s8","source":"»De kan i alla fall inte göra oss något.»","translation":"»They can't do anything to us anyway.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"in any case"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":213,"label":"34","id":"ch13-p34-s1","source":"När de kommo längre in i grottan, stannade de och vädrade.","translation":"When they came farther into the cave, they stopped and sniffed the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stannade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies in","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grottan","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vädrade","lemma":"vädra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with de","gloss":"sniffed the air"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"ch13-p34-s2","source":"»Vem ska vi ta i kväll?»","translation":"»Which one shall we take tonight?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"kväll","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":215,"label":"","id":"ch13-p34-s3","source":"viskade den, som gick först.","translation":"whispered the one going first.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viskade","lemma":"viska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"whispered"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viskade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":216,"label":"","id":"ch13-p34-s4","source":"— »I kväll ska vi ta storgumsen,»","translation":"— »Tonight we'll take the great ram,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"kväll","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase I","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"the great ram"}]},{"number":217,"label":"","id":"ch13-p34-s5","source":"sade den siste.","translation":"said the last one.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of siste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"siste","lemma":"siste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the last"}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"ch13-p34-s6","source":"»Sedan får vi ett lätt arbete med de andra.»","translation":"»After that we'll have easy work with the rest.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies får","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of får","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of arbete","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies arbete","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of får","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of får","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":219,"label":"35","id":"ch13-p35-s1","source":"Pojken satt på den gamla gumsens rygg och såg hur de smögo sig fram.","translation":"The boy sat on the old ram's back and watched how they crept forward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rygg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gumsens","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gumsens","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"gumsens","lemma":"gums","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of rygg","gloss":"ram's"},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smögo","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of smögo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"smögo","lemma":"smögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"crept","note":"Historical plural past form of smyga."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of smögo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smögo","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s2","source":"»Stöt nu till rakt fram!»","translation":"»Now push straight ahead!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stöt","lemma":"stöt","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"push"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stöt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rakt","gloss":"with force"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stöt","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":221,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s3","source":"viskade pojken.","translation":"whispered the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viskade","lemma":"viska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"whispered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of viskade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":222,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s4","source":"Storgumsen stötte till, och den första räven kastades huvudstupa tillbaka mot öppningen.","translation":"The great ram lunged, and the first fox was flung headlong back toward the opening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Storgumsen","lemma":"Storgumsen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stötte","gloss":"the great ram"},{"surface":"stötte","lemma":"stötte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stötte","gloss":"with force"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of räven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies räven","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"räven","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive kastades","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"kastades","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with stötte","gloss":"was flung"},{"surface":"huvudstupa","lemma":"huvudstupa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive kastades","gloss":"headlong","note":"Mistagged as noun; it functions as an adverb."},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastades","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öppningen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"öppningen","lemma":"öppning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"opening"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s5","source":"»Stöt nu till åt vänster!»","translation":"»Now push to the left!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stöt","lemma":"stöt","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"push"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stöt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Stöt","gloss":"with force"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Stöt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vänster","lemma":"vänster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase åt","gloss":"left","note":"the left side/direction."}]},{"number":224,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s6","source":"sade pojken och vände gumsens stora huvud åt rätt håll.","translation":"said the boy, turning the ram's great head in the right direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"gumsens","lemma":"gums","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of huvud","gloss":"ram's"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies huvud","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"huvud","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":225,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s7","source":"Gumsen måttade ett förfärligt slag, som träffade den andra räven i sidan.","translation":"The ram aimed a terrible blow, which caught the second fox in the side.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gumsen","lemma":"Gumsen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of måttade","gloss":"the ram","note":"Definite of 'gumse' (ram); used as a semi-proper reference."},{"surface":"måttade","lemma":"måtta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"aimed"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of slag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies slag","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"slag","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of måttade","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of träffade","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"träffade","lemma":"träffa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on slag","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of räven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies räven","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"räven","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of träffade","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies träffade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"side"}]},{"number":226,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s8","source":"Han rullade runt flera gånger, innan han kom på benen igen och kunde fly.","translation":"He rolled over several times before he got back on his feet and could flee.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rullade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rullade","lemma":"rulla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flera","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rullade","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on rullade","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking benen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"benen","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fly","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"fly","lemma":"fly","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"to flee"}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"ch13-p35-s9","source":"Pojken hade allt gärna önskat, att också den tredje skulle ha fått en stöt, men han hade redan givit sig av.","translation":"The boy would have gladly wished that the third one too had gotten a blow, but he had already made off.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"givit sig av","title":"«ge sig av» — particle verb","body":"«ge sig av» ('to set off / make off') pairs the reflexive «sig» with the particle «av»; here in its supine form, «givit sig av». Reflexive plus particle together carry the idiom — neither piece alone means 'leave'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies önskat","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"gärna","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies önskat","gloss":"gladly","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"önskat","lemma":"önskaa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"wished","note":"Lemma has a typo (önskaa for önska)."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tredje","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tredje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tredje","lemma":"tre","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"third","note":"Surface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stöt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stöt","lemma":"stöt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of givit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of givit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies givit","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"givit","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of givit","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking givit","gloss":"off"}]},{"number":228,"label":"36","id":"ch13-p36-s1","source":"»Nu tänker jag, att de har fått nog för i natt,»","translation":"»Now I think they've had enough for tonight,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänker","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tänker","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tänker","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fått","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"natt","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":229,"label":"","id":"ch13-p36-s2","source":"sade pojken.","translation":"said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":230,"label":"","id":"ch13-p36-s3","source":"— »Jag tror så med,»","translation":"— »I think so too,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tror","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":231,"label":"","id":"ch13-p36-s4","source":"sade storgumsen.","translation":"said the great ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the great ram"}]},{"number":232,"label":"","id":"ch13-p36-s5","source":"»Lägg dig nu på min rygg och kryp ner i ullen!","translation":"»Now lie down on my back and burrow down into the wool!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lägg","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Lägg","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Lägg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rygg","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of rygg","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Lägg","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kryp","lemma":"kryp","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with Lägg","gloss":"burrow"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kryp","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ullen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ullen","lemma":"ull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kryp","gloss":"wool"}]},{"number":233,"label":"","id":"ch13-p36-s6","source":"Du kan förtjäna att få det gott och varmt efter all blåst, som du har varit ute i.»","translation":"You deserve to be good and warm after all the wind you've been out in.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förtjäna","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förtjäna","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"förtjäna","lemma":"förtjäna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"deserve"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of förtjäna","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies få","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"varmt","lemma":"varm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gott","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of blåst","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blåst","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"blåst","lemma":"blåsa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förtjäna","gloss":"wind","note":"All four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förtjäna","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"oblique complement of varit","gloss":"in"}]},{"number":234,"label":"37","id":"ch13-p37-s1","source":"Nästa dag gick storgumsen omkring med pojken på ryggen och visade honom ön.","translation":"The next day the great ram walked about with the boy on his back and showed him the island.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the big ram"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"visade","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visade","gloss":"the island","note":"Definite noun 'ön' (the island); mistagged as pronoun."}]},{"number":235,"label":"","id":"ch13-p37-s2","source":"Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa.","translation":"It consisted of one single enormous rock.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bestod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klippa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klippa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies väldig","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"väldig","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies klippa","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"klippa","lemma":"klippa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"agent of bestod","gloss":"rock","note":"Two of the four example sentences (ch13-p37-s2 'Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa' and ch14-p64-s1 'hög, brant klippa') use the unrelated homograph noun klippa ('cliff/rock'), not this verb 'to clip.' Do not gloss those occurrences as 'to clip' — the verb sense only fits ch03-p57-s2 and ch03-p57-s4."}]},{"number":236,"label":"","id":"ch13-p37-s3","source":"Den var som ett stort hus med lodräta väggar och platt tak.","translation":"It was like a great house with sheer walls and a flat roof.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hus","gloss":"like","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väggar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lodräta","lemma":"lodrät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies väggar","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"väggar","lemma":"vägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hus","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"platt","lemma":"platt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tak","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"tak","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with väggar","gloss":"roof"}]},{"number":237,"label":"","id":"ch13-p37-s4","source":"Gumsen gick först upp på bergtaket och visade pojken de goda betesmarkerna där, och denne fick lov att erkänna, att ön tycktes vara särskilt skapad för får.","translation":"The ram first went up onto the mountaintop and showed the boy the good grazing lands there, and the boy had to admit that the island seemed made especially for sheep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gumsen","lemma":"Gumsen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the ram","note":"Definite of 'gumse' (ram); used as a semi-proper reference."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergtaket","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"bergtaket","lemma":"bergtak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"the mountaintop"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"visade","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies betesmarkerna","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of betesmarkerna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies betesmarkerna","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"betesmarkerna","lemma":"betesmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of visade","gloss":"grazing lands"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he","note":"Archaic masculine demonstrative \"denne\" used anaphorically for a previously named male person."},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"lov","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of erkänna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"erkänna","lemma":"erkänna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fick","gloss":"to admit"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skapad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skapad","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skapad","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to skapad","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"särskilt","lemma":"särskilt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skapad","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"skapad","lemma":"skapa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of erkänna","gloss":"made","note":"Past participle used adjectivally: 'created/made for'."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of får","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skapad","gloss":"had to"}]},{"number":238,"label":"","id":"ch13-p37-s5","source":"Det växte inte mycket annat uppe på berget än fårsvingel och sådana små torra, krydd-doftande växter, som får tycka om.","translation":"Not much else grew up on the mountain besides sheep's fescue and those small dry, spice-scented plants that sheep like.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tycka om","title":"«tycka om» — particle verb 'to like'","body":"«tycka om», literally 'to think about/around', has drifted to mean simply 'to like'; the particle «om» is what makes the idiom, not the verb «tycka» alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with växte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"växte","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies växte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of växte","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies växte","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fårsvingel","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"fårsvingel","lemma":"fårsvingel","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clause modifying berget","gloss":"sheep fescue"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies växter","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies torra","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"torra","lemma":"torr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies växter","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"krydd-doftande","lemma":"krydd-doftande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies växter","gloss":"spice-scented"},{"surface":"växter","lemma":"växt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with växte","gloss":"plants"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tycka","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tycka","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"tycka","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on växter","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tycka","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":239,"label":"38","id":"ch13-p38-s1","source":"Men det fanns minsann annat än fårbete att se på för den, som väl var kommen uppför branten.","translation":"But there was indeed more than sheep-pasture to look at for one who had made it up the steep slope.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"minsann","lemma":"minsann","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"fårbete","lemma":"fårbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"sheep pasture"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fanns","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommen","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kommen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"komm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"made it"},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking branten","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"branten","lemma":"brant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommen","gloss":"slope"}]},{"number":240,"label":"","id":"ch13-p38-s2","source":"Där syntes för det första hela havet, som nu låg blått och solbelyst och rullade fram i blanka dyningar.","translation":"First of all, the whole sea could be seen, which now lay blue and sunlit, rolling forward in glossy swells.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies syntes","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of havet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of syntes","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on havet","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"blått","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solbelyst","lemma":"solbelysa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with blått","gloss":"sunlit"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rullade","lemma":"rulla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rullade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dyningar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"blanka","lemma":"blank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies dyningar","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"dyningar","lemma":"dyning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rullade","gloss":"swells"}]},{"number":241,"label":"","id":"ch13-p38-s3","source":"Bara vid en och annan udde sprutade det upp i skum.","translation":"Only here and there at a headland did it spray up in foam.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udde","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking udde","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of udde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"udde","lemma":"udde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprutade","gloss":"point","note":"a headland/point of land."},{"surface":"sprutade","lemma":"spruta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sprayed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sprutade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sprutade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skum","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"skum","lemma":"skum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprutade","gloss":"foam"}]},{"number":242,"label":"","id":"ch13-p38-s4","source":"Rakt österut låg Gottland med jämn och långsträckt kust och i sydväst Stora Karlsön, som var byggd på samma sätt som Lillön.","translation":"Straight to the east lay Gotland with its even, elongated coastline, and to the southwest, Great Karlsö, which was built in the same way as the little island.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rakt","lemma":"rakt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"österut","lemma":"österut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Rakt","gloss":"eastward"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"Gottland","lemma":"Gottland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of låg","gloss":"Gotland","note":"Older spelling of Gotland."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kust","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"jämn","lemma":"jämn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kust","gloss":"even/smooth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"långsträckt","lemma":"långsträck","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with jämn","gloss":"elongated"},{"surface":"kust","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"coast"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Karlsön","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sydväst","lemma":"sydväst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Karlsön","gloss":"southwest"},{"surface":"Stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Karlsön","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"Karlsön","lemma":"Karlsön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"Karlsön"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive byggd","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to byggd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"byggd","lemma":"bygga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on Karlsön","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of byggd","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Lillön","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Lillön","lemma":"Lillön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clause modifying sätt","gloss":"Little Karlsö","note":"Literally 'the little island', island name."}]},{"number":243,"label":"","id":"ch13-p38-s5","source":"När gumsen gick ända fram till kanten av bergtaket, så att pojken kunde se neråt bergväggarna, märkte han, att de voro alldeles fulla av fågelbon, och i det blåa havet nedanför honom lågo svärtor och ejdrar och kryckjor och grisslor och tordmular så vackert och fredligt och sysslade med strömmingfiske.","translation":"When the ram went all the way to the edge of the mountaintop, so that the boy could see down along the rock walls, he noticed that they were entirely full of birds' nests, and on the blue sea below him lay scoters and eiders and kittiwakes and guillemots and razorbills, so peaceful and pretty, busy fishing for herring.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"svärtor och ejdrar och kryckjor och grisslor och tordmular","title":"Seabird names","body":"Scoters, eiders, kittiwakes, guillemots, and razorbills — the working vocabulary of a Baltic seabird colony; Lagerlöf catalogs Sweden's coastal wildlife as carefully as its geography."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the ram"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märkte","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kanten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kanten","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergtaket","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bergtaket","lemma":"bergtaek","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kanten","gloss":"the mountaintop"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on märkte","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"bergväggarna","lemma":"bergväggarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"the rock walls"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märkte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fulla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fulla","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fulla","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"fulla","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fågelbon","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fågelbon","lemma":"fågelbon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of fulla","gloss":"birds' nests"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of havet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vackert","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"nedanför","lemma":"nedanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svärtor","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of svärtor","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies svärtor","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"svärtor","lemma":"svärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies havet","gloss":"scoters"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ejdrar","lemma":"ejdra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svärtor","gloss":"eiders"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kryckjor","lemma":"kryckjor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ejdrar","gloss":"kittiwakes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grisslor","lemma":"grissla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with svärtor","gloss":"guillemots"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tordmular","lemma":"tordmula","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with havet","gloss":"razorbills"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with märkte","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fredligt","lemma":"fredlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vackert","gloss":"peaceful"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sysslade","lemma":"syssla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vackert","gloss":"was busy"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strömmingfiske","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"strömmingfiske","lemma":"strömmingfiske","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sysslade","gloss":"herring fishing"}]},{"number":244,"label":"39","id":"ch13-p39-s1","source":"»Det här är riktigt ett förlovat land,»","translation":"»This is truly a land of promise,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of land","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to land","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies land","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förlovat","lemma":"förlova","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":245,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s2","source":"sade pojken.","translation":"said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":246,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s3","source":"»Ni bor bra vackert, ni får.»","translation":"»You sheep live in a very beautiful place.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of bor","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of får","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bor","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":247,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s4","source":"— »Ja, nog är här vackert,»","translation":"— »Yes, it's certainly beautiful here,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on vackert","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vackert","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":248,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s5","source":"sade storgumsen.","translation":"said the great ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the great ram"}]},{"number":249,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s6","source":"Det var, som om han hade velat tillägga något, men han sade ingenting, utan bara suckade.","translation":"It was as if he had wanted to add something, but he said nothing, only sighed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tillägga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ,","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of tillägga","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tillägga","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tillägga","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tillägga","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of tillägga","gloss":"wanted","note":"lemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form."},{"surface":"tillägga","lemma":"tillägga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to add"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tillägga","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tillägga","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suckade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"suckade","lemma":"sucka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"sighed"}]},{"number":250,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s7","source":"»Men om du går här ensam, får du ta dig väl i akt för alla sprickor, som löper fram över berget,»","translation":"»But if you go about here alone, you must be very careful of all the fissures that run across the mountain,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of går","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of går","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ta","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies går","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"on guard"},{"surface":"akt","lemma":"akt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"heed","note":"Used in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sprickor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sprickor","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"sprickor","lemma":"spricka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of löper","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"löper","lemma":"löpa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sprickor","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on löper","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berget","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"berget","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":251,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s8","source":"fortsatte han om en stund.","translation":"he continued after a while.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fortsatte","lemma":"fortsatte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortsatte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fortsatte","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":252,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s9","source":"Och detta var en god varning, för det fanns djupa och breda sprickor på flera ställen.","translation":"And this was good advice, for there were deep and wide fissures in several places.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of varning","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to varning","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of varning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies varning","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"varning","lemma":"varning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"warning"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on varning","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"djupa","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"breda","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sprickor","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"sprickor","lemma":"spricka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with djupa","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies sprickor","gloss":"places"}]},{"number":253,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s10","source":"Den största av dem hette Helveteshålet.","translation":"The largest of them was called Hell's Hole.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Helveteshålet","title":"«Helveteshålet» — Hell's Hole","body":"A plain compound, «helvete» ('hell') plus «hål» ('hole') plus the definite suffix «-et», naming the island's deepest fissure — bluntly literal, the way Swedish place-names for hazards often are."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of största","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"subject of hette","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies största","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hette","lemma":"hette","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was called"},{"surface":"Helveteshålet","lemma":"Helveteshålet","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of hette","gloss":"Hell's Hole"}]},{"number":254,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s11","source":"Den sprickan var många famnar djup och närapå en famn bred.","translation":"That fissure was many fathoms deep and nearly a fathom wide.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sprickan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sprickan","lemma":"spricka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of famnar","gloss":"crack"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies famnar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of famnar","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"famnar","lemma":"famna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fathoms","note":"the plural of the noun famn (fathom, a unit of length), tagged as a verb."},{"surface":"djup","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies famnar","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"närapå","lemma":"närapå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies och","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of famn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"famn","lemma":"famn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with famnar","gloss":"fathom"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies famn","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":255,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s12","source":"»Om någon fölle ner här, vore det allt slut med honom,»","translation":"»If anyone fell down here, it would be the end of him,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fölle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fölle","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"fölle","lemma":"fölle","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on slut","gloss":"fell","note":"Historical subjunctive past form of falla."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fölle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ner","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to slut","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with slut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slut","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"slut","lemma":"slut","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"depends on »","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slut","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":256,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s13","source":"sade storgumsen.","translation":"said the great ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the great ram"}]},{"number":257,"label":"","id":"ch13-p39-s14","source":"Pojken tyckte, att det lät, som om han hade haft en särskild mening med vad han sade.","translation":"The boy thought it sounded as though he had some particular meaning behind what he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lät","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lät","lemma":"lät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"sounded"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haft","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haft","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lät","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mening","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"särskild","lemma":"särskild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mening","gloss":"particular"},{"surface":"mening","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on haft","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":258,"label":"40","id":"ch13-p40-s1","source":"Sedan förde han pojken ner på strandbrädden.","translation":"Then he led the boy down to the strand.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"förde","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"led","note":"Second example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck')."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandbrädden","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"strandbrädden","lemma":"strandbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"riverbank"}]},{"number":259,"label":"","id":"ch13-p40-s2","source":"Han fick nu på nära håll se de där jättarna, som hade skrämt honom förra natten.","translation":"Now, close up, he got to see those giants that had frightened him the night before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"got to see"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"close up"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"jättarna","lemma":"jättarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"giants"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on jättarna","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skrämt","lemma":"skräm","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies natten","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":260,"label":"","id":"ch13-p40-s3","source":"Det var ingenting annat än stora klipp-pelare.","translation":"They were nothing more than great rock pillars.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with annat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to annat","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies klipp-pelare","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of klipp-pelare","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies klipp-pelare","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"klipp-pelare","lemma":"klipp-pelare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rock pillars"}]},{"number":261,"label":"","id":"ch13-p40-s4","source":"Storgumsen kallade dem för »raukar».","translation":"The great ram called them »raukar».","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Storgumsen","lemma":"Storgumsen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of kallade","gloss":"the great ram"},{"surface":"kallade","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kallade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies raukar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"raukar","lemma":"rauk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"adverbial clause on kallade","gloss":"sea stacks","note":"A rauk is a freestanding limestone sea stack, especially characteristic of Gotland."}]},{"number":262,"label":"","id":"ch13-p40-s5","source":"Pojken kunde inte se sig mätt på dem.","translation":"The boy could not get his fill of looking at them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mätt","lemma":"mätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of se","gloss":"full","note":"'äta sig mätt' = eat one's fill."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":263,"label":"","id":"ch13-p40-s6","source":"Han tyckte, att om det någonsin hade funnits troll, som hade blivit förbytta till sten, så borde de se ut på det sättet.","translation":"He thought that if there had ever been trolls turned to stone, they ought to look just like this.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funnits","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funnits","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with funnits","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"någonsin","lemma":"någonsin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnits","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of funnits","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"funnits","lemma":"funnits","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"existed/been found"},{"surface":"troll","lemma":"troll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of funnits","gloss":"troll"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of förbytta","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förbytta","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"passive auxiliary of förbytta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"förbytta","lemma":"förbytta","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"relative clause on troll","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förbytta","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on funnits","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sättet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sättet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sättet","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":264,"label":"41","id":"ch13-p41-s1","source":"Fastän det var vackert nere på strandremsan, tyckte pojken ändå bättre om sig uppe på bergshöjden.","translation":"Even though it was beautiful down on the strip of beach, the boy still liked it better up on the mountain height.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vackert","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vackert","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vackert","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandremsan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"strandremsan","lemma":"strandremsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"strip of shore"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tyckte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of tyckte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergshöjden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bergshöjden","lemma":"bergshöjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tyckte","gloss":"mountain height"}]},{"number":265,"label":"","id":"ch13-p41-s2","source":"Det var hemskt härnere, därför att de överallt råkade på döda får.","translation":"It was gruesome down here, because everywhere they came upon dead sheep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of härnere","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to härnere","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hemskt","lemma":"hemskt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of härnere","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"härnere","lemma":"härnere","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"down here"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of råkade","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on härnere","gloss":"came upon"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking döda","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"döda","lemma":"död","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on härnere","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":266,"label":"","id":"ch13-p41-s3","source":"Här var det, som rävarna hade hållit sina måltider.","translation":"It was here that the foxes had held their meals.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on var","gloss":"eaten","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of måltider","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"måltider","lemma":"måltid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hållit","gloss":"meals"}]},{"number":267,"label":"","id":"ch13-p41-s4","source":"Han såg helt och hållet avätna skelett, men också kroppar, som bara voro halvätna, och andra, som de knappt hade smakat på, utan låtit ligga orörda.","translation":"He saw skeletons picked entirely clean, but also bodies that were only half-eaten, and others that they had barely tasted, leaving them lying untouched.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"entirely","note":"used in the fixed phrase 'helt och hållet' (entirely, completely)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hållet","lemma":"hållen","morphology":"adverb","role":"quantifies avätna","gloss":"entirely","note":"surface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction')."},{"surface":"avätna","lemma":"avätna","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies skelett","gloss":"picked clean"},{"surface":"skelett","lemma":"skelett","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with helt","gloss":"skeletons"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kroppar","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"kroppar","lemma":"kroppa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of halvätna","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies halvätna","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on halvätna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"halvätna","lemma":"halväten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on kroppar","gloss":"half-eaten"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with kroppar","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of smakat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of smakat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smakat","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of smakat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"smakat","lemma":"smaka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on andra","gloss":"tasted"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on smakat","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"låtit","lemma":"låta","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"orörda","lemma":"orörd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of ligga","gloss":"untouched"}]},{"number":268,"label":"","id":"ch13-p41-s5","source":"Det var rent hjärtskärande att se, att vilddjuren hade kastat sig över fåren bara för ro skull, bara för att få jaga och riva ihjäl.","translation":"It was quite heartbreaking to see that the wild beasts had thrown themselves on the sheep purely for sport, just for the sake of hunting and tearing them to death.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hjärtskärande","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hjärtskärande","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hjärtskärande","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"hjärtskärande","lemma":"hjärtskärande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heartbreaking"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on hjärtskärande","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kastat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vilddjuren","lemma":"vilddjur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kastat","gloss":"wild beasts"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kastat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kastat","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"thrown themselves"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kastat","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåren","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fåren","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastat","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastat","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kastat","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ro","lemma":"ro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kastat","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jaga","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of jaga","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of jaga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of jaga","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"jaga","lemma":"jaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kastat","gloss":"to hunt"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"riva","lemma":"riva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with jaga","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of jaga","gloss":"to death","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl)."}]},{"number":269,"label":"42","id":"ch13-p42-s1","source":"Storgumsen stannade inte framför de döda, utan gick lugnt förbi dem.","translation":"The great ram did not stop in front of the dead, but walked calmly past them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Storgumsen","lemma":"Storgumsen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"the great ram"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stannade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking döda","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of döda","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"döda","lemma":"död","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stannade","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"lugnt","lemma":"lugnd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"calmly"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of gick","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":270,"label":"","id":"ch13-p42-s2","source":"Men pojken kunde i alla fall inte undgå att se all ohyggligheten.","translation":"But the boy could not help seeing all the horror of it, all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of undgå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of undgå","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies undgå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"undgå","lemma":"undgå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to avoid"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of undgå","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"depends on se","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ohyggligheten","lemma":"ohygglighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"the horror"}]},{"number":271,"label":"43","id":"ch13-p43-s1","source":"Nu gick storgumsen åter upp på bergshöjden, men när han kom dit, stannade han och sade: »Om någon, som vore duktig och klok, finge se allt elände, som råder här, så skulle han väl inte vila, förrän de här rävarna hade fått sitt straff.»","translation":"Now the great ram went back up onto the mountain height, but when he got there, he stopped and said: »If someone able and clever were to see all the misery that reigns here, he surely would not rest until these foxes had gotten their punishment.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the big ram"},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase åter","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergshöjden","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"bergshöjden","lemma":"bergshöjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"mountain height"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finge","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finge","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of duktig","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to duktig","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"duktig","lemma":"duktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on någon","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klok","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with duktig","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"finge","lemma":"finge","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"might get to","note":"Archaic past subjunctive of få (\"to get/be allowed\")."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of elände","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"elände","lemma":"elände","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"misery"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of råder","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"råder","lemma":"råda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on elände","gloss":"reigns"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råder","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on vila","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vila","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vila","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vila","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vila","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rävarna","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rävarna","gloss":"these","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vila","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to se","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of straff","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"straff","lemma":"straff","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"punishment"}]},{"number":272,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s2","source":"— »Rävarna måste väl leva de också,»","translation":"— »The foxes have to live too, I suppose,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rävarna","lemma":"Rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of leva","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of leva","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leva","gloss":"suppose"},{"surface":"leva","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of leva","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leva","gloss":"also"}]},{"number":273,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s3","source":"sade pojken.","translation":"said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":274,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s4","source":"— »Ja,»","translation":"— »Yes,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"}]},{"number":275,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s5","source":"sade storgumsen, »de, som inte river ihjäl flera djur, än de behöver för sitt uppehälle, de må väl leva.","translation":"said the great ram, »those that don't tear apart more animals than they need for their keep may well live.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"må väl leva","title":"«må» — archaic permissive","body":"«må» here means 'may / is permitted to' — the ram is granting the harmless foxes a right to live, an older sense of «må» close to English 'may', not the modern hedge 'maybe'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the great ram"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of leva","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of river","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies river","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"river","lemma":"riva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"tear apart"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"indirect object of river","gloss":"to death"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies djur","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"djur","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ihjäl","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of behöver","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of behöver","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"behöver","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uppehälle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of uppehälle","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"uppehälle","lemma":"uppehälle","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of behöver","gloss":"sustenance"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of leva","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"må","lemma":"må","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of leva","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leva","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"leva","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to sade","gloss":"to live"}]},{"number":276,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s6","source":"Men de här är illgärningsmän.»","translation":"But these here are evildoers.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of illgärningsmän","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to illgärningsmän","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"illgärningsmän","lemma":"illgärningsmän","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"evildoers"}]},{"number":277,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s7","source":"— »Bönderna, som äger ön, borde väl kunna komma hit och hjälpa er,»","translation":"— »The farmers who own the island ought surely to be able to come here and help you,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bönderna","lemma":"Bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of äger","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"äger","lemma":"äga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Bönderna","gloss":"owns"},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of äger","gloss":"the island","note":"Same common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun."},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"to be able to"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komma","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with komma","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":278,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s8","source":"menade pojken.","translation":"the boy suggested.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"menade","lemma":"mena","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meant/thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of menade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":279,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s9","source":"— »De har rott hitöver flera gånger,»","translation":"— »They have rowed over here several times,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"rott","lemma":"rott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"rowed"},{"surface":"hitöver","lemma":"hitöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"over here"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"times"}]},{"number":280,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s10","source":"svarade gumsen, »men rävarna gömde sig undan i grottor och sprickor, så att de inte kom åt att skjuta dem.»","translation":"answered the ram, »but the foxes hid themselves away in caves and fissures, so that they couldn't get a shot at them.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the ram"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with »","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"gömde","lemma":"gömde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svarade","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gömde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gömde","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grottor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grottor","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gömde","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprickor","lemma":"spricka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grottor","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gömde","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"get","note":"Mostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skjuta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skjuta","lemma":"skjuta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"shoot"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of skjuta","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":281,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s11","source":"— »Ni kan väl aldrig mena, far, att en liten stackare som jag ska kunna rå på dem, som inte ni och inte bönderna har kunnat få bukt med.»","translation":"— »Surely you can't mean, father, that a poor little wretch like me should be able to master creatures that neither you nor the farmers have been able to get the better of.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive mena","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mena","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mena","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mena","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mena","lemma":"me","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mena","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stackare","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stackare","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stackare","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stackare","lemma":"stackare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on mena","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of rå","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rå","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rå","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of rå","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"rå","lemma":"rå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on stackare","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"overpower"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of rå","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of få","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of få","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"bukt","lemma":"bukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"the better of"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking få","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":282,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s12","source":"— »Den, som är liten och klipsk, kan allt ställa många ting till rätta,»","translation":"— »One who is small and clever can still set many things right,»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of liten","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to liten","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on Den","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klipsk","lemma":"klipsk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"clever"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ställa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställa","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ställa","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ting","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ting","lemma":"ting","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ställa","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ställa","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"rätta","lemma":"rätta","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"right","note":"The gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'."}]},{"number":283,"label":"","id":"ch13-p43-s13","source":"sade storgumsen.","translation":"said the great ram.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"storgumsen","lemma":"storgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the great ram"}]},{"number":284,"label":"44","id":"ch13-p44-s1","source":"De talade inte mer om detta, utan pojken gick och satte sig hos vildgässen, som betade uppe på högslätten.","translation":"They spoke no more of this, but the boy went and sat down with the wild geese, who were grazing up on the high plateau.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of talade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies talade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies talade","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of talade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on talade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hos","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgässen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of betade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"betade","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vildgässen","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on betade","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking högslätten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"högslätten","lemma":"högslätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of betade","gloss":"high plateau"}]},{"number":285,"label":"","id":"ch13-p44-s2","source":"Fastän han inte hade velat visa det för gumsen, var han mycket bedrövad för fårens skull, och han hade gärna velat hjälpa dem.","translation":"Although he had not wanted to show it to the ram, he was very grieved for the sheep's sake, and he would gladly have wanted to help them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of velat","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of velat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies velat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of velat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on bedrövad","gloss":"wanted","note":"lemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form."},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of velat","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gumsen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of visa","gloss":"the ram"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bedrövad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bedrövad","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövad","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bedrövad","lemma":"bedrövad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"distressed"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fårens","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"fårens","lemma":"får","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bedrövad","gloss":"the sheep's"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on fårens","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of velat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of velat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gärna","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies velat","gloss":"gladly","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."},{"surface":"velat","lemma":"vela","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bedrövad","gloss":"wanted","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; surface 'velat' is the supine of vilja (to want)."},{"surface":"hjälpa","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of velat","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of hjälpa","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":286,"label":"","id":"ch13-p44-s3","source":"»Jag får åtminstone tala vid Akka och Mårten gåskarl om saken,»","translation":"»At least I can speak to Akka and Morten Goosey-Gander about the matter,»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mårten gåskarl","title":"«Mårten gåskarl» — the gander's name","body":"«gåskarl» is a plain word for 'gander'; «Mårten» is the folkloric name Swedish tradition gives the farmyard gander (compare the Martinmas goose, «mårtensgås»), which Lagerlöf borrows for this character."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tala","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tala","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"åtminstone","lemma":"åtminstone","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Akka","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Mårten","lemma":"Mårten","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"Morten","note":"the studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'."},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tala","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saken","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"saken","lemma":"sak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":287,"label":"","id":"ch13-p44-s4","source":"tänkte han.","translation":"he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":288,"label":"","id":"ch13-p44-s5","source":"»Kanske att de kan bistå mig med ett gott råd.»","translation":"»Perhaps they can help me with a good piece of advice.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of bistå","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Kanske","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bistå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bistå","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"bistå","lemma":"bistå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bistå","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking råd","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of råd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies råd","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"råd","lemma":"råd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bistå","gloss":"advice"}]},{"number":289,"label":"45","id":"ch13-p45-s1","source":"En stund efteråt tog den vita gåskarlen pojken på ryggen och gick över bergslätten bortåt Helveteshålet till.","translation":"A little while later the white gander took the boy on his back and walked out over the mountain plateau toward Hell's Hole.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"efteråt","lemma":"efteråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gåskarlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gåskarlen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"bergslätten","lemma":"bergslätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gick","gloss":"mountain plateau"},{"surface":"bortåt","lemma":"bortåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking Helveteshålet","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Helveteshålet","lemma":"Helveteshålet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"Hell's Hole"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":290,"label":"46","id":"ch13-p46-s1","source":"Han vandrade sorglöst på det öppna bergtaket och tycktes inte tänka på hur vit och stor han var.","translation":"He wandered carefree over the open mountaintop and did not seem to think about how white and large he was.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vandrade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vandrade","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"subject of sorglöst","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"sorglöst","lemma":"sorglös","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"carefree"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergtaket","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bergtaket","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"öppna","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies bergtaket","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"bergtaket","lemma":"bergtak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sorglöst","gloss":"the mountaintop"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with sorglöst","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänka","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tycktes","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tycktes","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vit","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies han","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tycktes","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":291,"label":"","id":"ch13-p46-s2","source":"Han sökte inte skydd bakom tuvor eller andra upphöjningar, utan gick rätt framåt.","translation":"He sought no shelter behind tussocks or other rises, but walked straight ahead.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sökte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skydd","lemma":"skydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sökte","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tuvor","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"tuvor","lemma":"tuva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sökte","gloss":"tussocks"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies upphöjningar","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"upphöjningar","lemma":"upphöjning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with tuvor","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sökte","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":292,"label":"","id":"ch13-p46-s3","source":"Det var besynnerligt, att han inte var mer försiktig, för han tycktes ha farit illa under gårdagsstormen.","translation":"It was strange that he was not more careful, for he seemed to have suffered badly in yesterday's storm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with besynnerligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to besynnerligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"besynnerligt","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försiktig","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of försiktig","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies försiktig","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to försiktig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies försiktig","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"försiktig","lemma":"försiktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on besynnerligt","gloss":"careful"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of farit","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on besynnerligt","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"illa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdagsstormen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gårdagsstormen","lemma":"gårdagsstorm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of illa","gloss":"yesterday's storm"}]},{"number":293,"label":"","id":"ch13-p46-s4","source":"Han haltade på högra benet, och den vänstra vingen hängde och släpade, som om den skulle vara bruten.","translation":"He limped on his right leg, and his left wing hung and dragged, as though it might be broken.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haltade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"haltade","lemma":"halta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"limped"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking benet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"högra","lemma":"högra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies benet","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"benet","lemma":"ben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of haltade","gloss":"leg","note":"ben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vingen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vänstra","lemma":"vänster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies vingen","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"vingen","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with haltade","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"släpade","lemma":"släpad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hängde","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bruten","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bruten","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bruten","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bruten","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to bruten","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"bruten","lemma":"brut","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hängde","gloss":"broken","note":"predicate adjective use of the past participle of bryta, tagged as a noun type."}]},{"number":294,"label":"47","id":"ch13-p47-s1","source":"Han uppförde sig så, som skulle ingen fara finnas, nappade ett grässtrå här och ett annat där och såg sig inte om åt något håll.","translation":"He behaved as though there were no danger at all, nipping a blade of grass here and another there, without looking around in any direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of uppförde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"uppförde","lemma":"uppföra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"behaved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of uppförde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppförde","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of finnas","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on uppförde","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"nappade","lemma":"nappa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with finnas","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of grässtrå","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grässtrå","lemma":"grässtrå","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nappade","gloss":"blade of grass"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grässtrå","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of annat","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with nappade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with finnas","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":295,"label":"","id":"ch13-p47-s2","source":"Pojken låg utsträckt på gåsryggen och tittade upp mot den blåa himlen.","translation":"The boy lay stretched out on the goose's back, looking up at the blue sky.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"utsträckt","lemma":"utsträcka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"goose's back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tittade","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tittade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of himlen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies himlen","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tittade","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":296,"label":"","id":"ch13-p47-s3","source":"Han var nu så van att rida, att han kunde både stå och ligga på gåsryggen.","translation":"He was by now so used to riding that he could both stand and lie down on the goose's back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of van","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to van","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies van","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rida","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rida","lemma":"rida","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on van","gloss":"to ride"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kunde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on van","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligga","gloss":"goose's back"}]},{"number":297,"label":"48","id":"ch13-p48-s1","source":"När gåskarlen och pojken voro så sorglösa, märkte de förstås inte, att de tre rävarna voro uppkomna på bergslätten.","translation":"As the gander and the boy were so carefree, they did not, of course, notice that the three foxes had come up onto the mountain plateau.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gåskarlen","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sorglösa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"sorglösa","lemma":"sorglös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"carefree"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rävarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies rävarna","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on märkte","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"uppkomna","lemma":"uppkomn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of voro","gloss":"come up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergslätten","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"bergslätten","lemma":"bergslätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppkomna","gloss":"mountain plateau"}]},{"number":298,"label":"","id":"ch13-p48-s2","source":"Och rävarna, som visste, att det är nästan omöjligt att komma en gås inpå livet på öppen mark, tänkte i början inte alls jaga efter gåskarlen.","translation":"And the foxes, who knew that it is nearly impossible to get close to a goose on open ground, did not at first intend to hunt the gander at all.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on rävarna","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of omöjligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with omöjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to omöjligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omöjligt","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on omöjligt","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"inpå","lemma":"inpå","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking livet","gloss":"right up on"},{"surface":"livet","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mark","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"öppen","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mark","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"mark","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies livet","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to rävarna","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking början","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"början","lemma":"början","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies jaga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alls","lemma":"alls","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jaga","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"jaga","lemma":"jaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"to hunt"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of jaga","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."}]},{"number":299,"label":"","id":"ch13-p48-s3","source":"Men som de inte hade något annat att göra, gingo de ändå till sist ner i en av de långa springorna och försökte att smyga fram mot honom.","translation":"But as they had nothing else to do, they finally went down into one of the long crevices anyway and tried to creep up on him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of annat","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying annat","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with göra","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking en","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking springorna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of springorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies springorna","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"springorna","lemma":"springorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"the fissures"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of smyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"smyga","lemma":"smyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försökte","gloss":"to sneak"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on smyga","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":300,"label":"","id":"ch13-p48-s4","source":"De gingo så försiktigt till väga, att gåskarlen inte kunde se en skymt av dem.","translation":"They went about it so carefully that the gander could not catch a glimpse of them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gingo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of försiktigt","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies försiktigt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"försiktigt","lemma":"försiktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of väga","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"väga","lemma":"väga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on försiktigt","gloss":"go about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on försiktigt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skymt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skymt","lemma":"skymt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"glimpse"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies skymt","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":301,"label":"49","id":"ch13-p49-s1","source":"De voro inte långt borta, när gåskarlen gjorde ett försök att höja sig i luften.","translation":"They were not far off when the gander made an attempt to rise into the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies borta","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of försök","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"försök","lemma":"försök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"attempt"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of höja","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"höja","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying försök","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höja","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höja","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":302,"label":"","id":"ch13-p49-s2","source":"Han slog ut med vingarna, men det lyckades honom inte att lyfta.","translation":"He beat out with his wings, but he did not manage to lift off.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"beat","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lyckades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lyckades","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"succeeded","note":"Impersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lyckades","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lyckades","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lyfta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lyfta","lemma":"lyfta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of lyckades","gloss":"to lift"}]},{"number":303,"label":"","id":"ch13-p49-s3","source":"När rävarna härav tyckte sig förstå, att han inte kunde flyga, skyndade de framåt med större iver än förut.","translation":"When the foxes, seeing this, felt they understood that he could not fly, they hurried forward with greater eagerness than before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tyckte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"härav","lemma":"härav","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"from this"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skyndade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies flyga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flyga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skyndade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skyndade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iver","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"större","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies iver","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"iver","lemma":"iv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skyndade","gloss":"eagerness"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förut","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"clause modifying iver","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":304,"label":"","id":"ch13-p49-s4","source":"De höllo sig inte längre dolda i klyftan, utan gingo upp på högslätten.","translation":"They no longer kept themselves hidden in the ravine, but went up onto the high plateau.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höllo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dolda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dolda","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"dolda","lemma":"dölja","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of höllo","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klyftan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"klyftan","lemma":"klyfta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"gorge"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with höllo","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking högslätten","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"högslätten","lemma":"högslätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"high plateau"}]},{"number":305,"label":"","id":"ch13-p49-s5","source":"De skyddade sig, så gott de kunde, bakom tuvor och hällar och kommo gåskarlen allt närmare, utan att han tycktes märka, att han var jagad.","translation":"They sheltered themselves as best they could behind tussocks and slabs of rock, and came ever closer to the gander, without his seeming to notice that he was being hunted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of skyddade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"skyddade","lemma":"skydda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sheltered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skyddade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunde","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skyddade","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tuvor","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"tuvor","lemma":"tuva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kunde","gloss":"tussocks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hällar","lemma":"häll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with tuvor","gloss":"rock slabs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies närmare","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"närmare","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"closer","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of märka","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tycktes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on märka","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"märka","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skyddade","gloss":"to notice"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jagad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of jagad","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to jagad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"jagad","lemma":"jagada","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of märka","gloss":"being hunted"}]},{"number":306,"label":"","id":"ch13-p49-s6","source":"Till sist voro rävarna så nära, att de kunde ta sats till det sista språnget.","translation":"At last the foxes were so close that they could take a run-up for the final leap.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rävarna","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies rävarna","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nära","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rävarna","gloss":"near","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying rävarna","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sats","lemma":"sats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"run-up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking språnget","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of språnget","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies språnget","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"språnget","lemma":"språnge","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"the leap"}]},{"number":307,"label":"","id":"ch13-p49-s7","source":"Alla tre kastade sig på en gång med ett långt hopp mot gåskarlen.","translation":"All three flung themselves at once with a long leap at the gander.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies kastade","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Alla","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastade","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hopp","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hopp","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hopp","gloss":"long","note":"Both examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance)."},{"surface":"hopp","lemma":"hopp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"leap","note":"Two distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":308,"label":"50","id":"ch13-p50-s1","source":"I sista stund måste denne ändå ha märkt något, för han sprang undan, så att rävarna förfelade honom.","translation":"At the last moment he must have noticed something after all, for he sprang aside, so that the foxes missed him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of märkt","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of märkt","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"denne","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkt","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of märkt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"märkt","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies märkt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking han","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprang","gloss":"aside"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of förfelade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förfelade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of förfelade","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"förfelade","lemma":"förfela","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"adverbial clause on märkt","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förfelade","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":309,"label":"","id":"ch13-p50-s2","source":"Detta betydde i alla fall inte så mycket, för gåskarlen hade bara ett par famnars försprång, och därtill haltade han.","translation":"This did not mean a great deal, however, for the gander had only a couple of fathoms' lead, and on top of that he was limping.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of betydde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"betydde","lemma":"betyda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of betydde","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"that much"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betydde","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskarlen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to mycket","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies famnars","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"famnars","lemma":"famnars","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies försprång","gloss":"fathoms'"},{"surface":"försprång","lemma":"försprång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"head start"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"därtill","lemma":"därtill","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haltade","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"haltade","lemma":"halta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with betydde","gloss":"limped"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haltade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":310,"label":"","id":"ch13-p50-s3","source":"Stackaren löpte i alla fall åstad, så fort han förmådde.","translation":"The poor fellow ran off all the same, as fast as he could manage.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stackaren","lemma":"stackare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of löpte","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of löpte","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with löpte","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of förmådde","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förmådde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förmådde","lemma":"förmåd","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on löpte","gloss":"could manage","note":"From förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'."}]},{"number":311,"label":"51","id":"ch13-p51-s1","source":"Pojken satt baklänges på gåsryggen och ropade och skrek åt rävarna: »Ni har ätit er för feta på fårkött, rävar.","translation":"The boy sat backwards on the goose's back and called and shouted at the foxes: »You've eaten yourselves too fat on mutton, foxes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"baklänges","lemma":"baklänge","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"depends on satt","gloss":"backwards","note":"Functions as an adverb, not a verb."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"goose's back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ropade","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rävarna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ätit","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ätit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ätit","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"eaten"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ätit","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies feta","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"feta","lemma":"fet","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of ätit","gloss":"fat","note":"Also 'rich' when describing fields."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fårkött","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fårkött","lemma":"fårkött","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ätit","gloss":"mutton"},{"surface":"rävar","lemma":"rävar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fårkött","gloss":"foxes","note":"Plural 'foxes' (from 'räv'), mistagged here as neuter singular."}]},{"number":312,"label":"","id":"ch13-p51-s2","source":"Ni kan inte hinna opp en gås en gång.»","translation":"You can't even catch up to a goose.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hinna","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hinna","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hinna","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hinna","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have time to"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"oppa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"complement of hinna","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of opp","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":313,"label":"","id":"ch13-p51-s3","source":"Han retades med dem, så att de blevo galna av ilska och bara tänkte på att rusa framåt.","translation":"He taunted them so that they grew mad with rage and thought of nothing but rushing forward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive retades","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"retades","lemma":"reta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taunted"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of retades","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of galna","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of galna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies galna","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli (\"to become\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"galna","lemma":"galn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on retades","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ilska","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ilska","lemma":"ilska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on galna","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ilska","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rusa","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of rusa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"rusa","lemma":"rusa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rusa","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":314,"label":"52","id":"ch13-p52-s1","source":"Den vite sprang rätt emot den stora klyftan.","translation":"The white one ran straight toward the great crevice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vite","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vite","lemma":"vite","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"white one"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sprang","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klyftan","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klyftan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies klyftan","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"klyftan","lemma":"klyfta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"gorge"}]},{"number":315,"label":"","id":"ch13-p52-s2","source":"När han kom fram till den, gjorde han ett slag med vingarna, så att han kom över.","translation":"When he reached it, he gave a beat of his wings so that he got across.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of slag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"slag","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"over"}]},{"number":316,"label":"","id":"ch13-p52-s3","source":"Rävarna voro just då alldeles inpå honom.","translation":"The foxes were, just then, right upon him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rävarna","lemma":"Rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies då","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies honom","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"inpå","lemma":"inpå","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"right up on"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of då","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":317,"label":"53","id":"ch13-p53-s1","source":"Gåskarlen skyndade framåt med samma hast som förut, också sedan han hade kommit över Helveteshålet.","translation":"The gander hurried on at the same pace as before, even after he had gotten across Hell's Hole.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarlen","lemma":"Gåskarlen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of skyndade","gloss":"the gander"},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skyndade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hast","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hast","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"hast","lemma":"hast","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skyndade","gloss":"hurry","note":"'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förut","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"clause modifying hast","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with skyndade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Helveteshålet","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"Helveteshålet","lemma":"Helveteshålet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"Hell's Hole"}]},{"number":318,"label":"","id":"ch13-p53-s2","source":"Men knappast hade han sprungit ett par meter, förrän pojken klappade honom på halsen och sade: »Nu kan du stanna, gåskarl.»","translation":"But he had scarcely run a couple of meters before the boy patted him on the neck and said: »Now you can stop, gander.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"knappast","lemma":"knappast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprungit","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sprungit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprungit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sprungit","lemma":"sprun","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"run","note":"Lemma is truncated; the word is 'springa' (to run)."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies meter","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"meter","lemma":"meter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sprungit","gloss":"meters"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klappade","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klappade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"klappade","lemma":"klappa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on meter","gloss":"patted"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of klappade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking halsen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"halsen","lemma":"halse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klappade","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with klappade","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stanna","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stanna","gloss":"gander"}]},{"number":319,"label":"54","id":"ch13-p54-s1","source":"I detsamma hörde de bakom sig några vilda tjut och ett skrapande med klor och tunga fall.","translation":"At that same moment they heard behind them some wild howls and a scraping of claws and heavy falls.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detsamma","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"detsamma","lemma":"detsamma","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"that same moment"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase bakom","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tjut","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tjut","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"tjut","lemma":"tjut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"howls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skrapande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skrapande","lemma":"skrapande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with tjut","gloss":"scraping"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"klor","lemma":"kla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies skrapande","gloss":"claws","note":"Modern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tunga","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fall","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with klor","gloss":"cases"}]},{"number":320,"label":"","id":"ch13-p54-s2","source":"Men av rävarna sågo de ingenting mer.","translation":"But of the foxes they saw nothing more.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rävarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rävarna","lemma":"räv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":321,"label":"55","id":"ch13-p55-s1","source":"Nästa morgon fann fyrvaktaren på Stora Karlsön en bit bark instucken under förstudörren, och däri stod inristat med sneda, kantiga bokstäver: »Rävarna på Lillön är nerfallna i Helveteshålet.","translation":"The next morning the lighthouse keeper on Great Karlsö found a piece of bark wedged under his front door, and on it was carved, in slanting, angular letters: »The foxes on Little Karlsö have fallen into Hell's Hole.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"fann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"fyrvaktaren","lemma":"fyrvaktar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"the lighthouse keeper"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Karlsön","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Karlsön","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"Karlsön","lemma":"Karlsön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fann","gloss":"Karlsön"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bit","lemma":"bit","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bark","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"bark","lemma":"bark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of instucken","gloss":"bark"},{"surface":"instucken","lemma":"instuck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"parallel clause to fann","gloss":"wedged"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förstudörren","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"förstudörren","lemma":"förstudörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of instucken","gloss":"front door"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"däri","lemma":"däri","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"subject of inristat","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"inristat","lemma":"inristat","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fann","gloss":"carved"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bokstäver","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sneda","lemma":"sned","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bokstäver","gloss":"slanting"},{"surface":"kantiga","lemma":"kantig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bokstäver","gloss":"angular"},{"surface":"bokstäver","lemma":"bokstäv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of inristat","gloss":"letters"},{"surface":"Rävarna","lemma":"Rävarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of nerfallna","gloss":"the foxes"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lillön","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Lillön","lemma":"Lillön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Rävarna","gloss":"Little Karlsö","note":"Literally 'the little island', island name."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nerfallna","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nerfallna","lemma":"nerfallna","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"parallel clause to fann","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Helveteshålet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Helveteshålet","lemma":"Helveteshålet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nerfallna","gloss":"Hell's Hole"}]},{"number":322,"label":"","id":"ch13-p55-s2","source":"Tag vara på dem!»","translation":"Take care of them!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tag","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of Tag","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":323,"label":"56","id":"ch13-p56-s1","source":"Och detta gjorde fyrvaktaren också.","translation":"And that the lighthouse keeper did.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"fyrvaktaren","lemma":"fyrvaktare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"the lighthouse keeper"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"also"}]}]}