{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch18","title":{"source":"Från Taberg till Huskvarna","translated":"From Taberg to Huskvarna"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch18","lines":79},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch17","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch19","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch18-ch18-p1-s1","source":"Pojken satt vaken nästan hela natten, men mot morgonen somnade han in, och då drömde han om far och mor.","translation":"The boy lay awake almost the whole night, but toward morning he fell asleep, and then he dreamed about his father and mother.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mot morgonen somnade han","title":"V2 word order: fronted adverbial","body":"When a Swedish main clause opens with something other than the subject — here the time phrase «mot morgonen» ('toward morning') — the finite verb still has to come second, so subject and verb invert: «somnade han» ('fell-asleep he'), not «han somnade». This verb-second (V2) rule holds throughout the language."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"vaken","lemma":"vak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"awake","note":"All four examples in this chunk use \"vaken\" as the adjective (awake), not the noun \"vak\" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be \"awake\" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface."},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hela","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies natten","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morgonen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"morgonen","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of somnade","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"somnade","lemma":"somna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of somnade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies somnade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drömde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"drömde","lemma":"drömdea","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of drömde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking far","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of drömde","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p1-s2","source":"Han kunde knappt känna igen dem.","translation":"He could hardly recognize them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känna","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of känna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies känna","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on känna","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of känna","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p1-s3","source":"Båda två hade fått gråa hår och gamla, rynkiga ansikten.","translation":"Both of them had gone gray-haired and gotten old, wrinkled faces.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hade fått","title":"Pluperfect: «hade» + supine","body":"«hade fått» ('had gotten/received') pairs the auxiliary «hade» with the supine form of «få», the invariant form used after «ha(r)/hade» to build perfect and pluperfect tenses — distinct from a finite preterite like «kom» ('came') elsewhere in this paragraph, which names one completed past action rather than a state already reached."}],"words":[{"surface":"Båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies två","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone gray-haired"},{"surface":"gråa","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hår","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"hår","lemma":"hår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hår","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"rynkiga","lemma":"rynkig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ansikten","gloss":"wrinkled"},{"surface":"ansikten","lemma":"ansikt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hår","gloss":"faces"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p1-s4","source":"Han frågade vad detta kom sig av, och de svarade, att de hade åldrats så mycket, därför att de hade längtat efter honom.","translation":"He asked what had brought this about, and they answered that they had aged so much because they had longed for him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kom sig av","title":"«komma sig av» — 'to come about, be caused by'","body":"«vad detta kom sig av» literally 'what this came itself of' is a fixed idiom meaning 'what had brought this about' or 'what was the cause of this' — the reflexive «sig» is frozen into the phrase and doesn't translate word for word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of frågade","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kom","gloss":"due to"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with frågade","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of åldrats","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive åldrats","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of åldrats","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"åldrats","lemma":"åldra","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"adverbial clause on svarade","gloss":"aged"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies åldrats","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of längtat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"längtat","lemma":"längtat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on åldrats","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of längtat","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p1-s5","source":"Han blev både rörd och förvånad, för han hade aldrig trott annat, än att de skulle vara glada att slippa honom.","translation":"He was both moved and astonished, for he had never believed anything else than that they would be glad to be rid of him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"rörd","lemma":"rörd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"förvånad","lemma":"förvånad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with rörd","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"trott","lemma":"trott","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of glada","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase än","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of glada","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glada","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to glada","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of slippa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"slippa","lemma":"slippa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on glada","gloss":"be spared/avoid"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of slippa","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":6,"label":"2","id":"ch18-ch18-p2-s1","source":"När pojken vaknade, var morgonen kommen med vackert och klart väder.","translation":"When the boy woke, morning had come with beautiful, clear weather.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaknade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"vaknade","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommen","gloss":"woke up"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kommen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"morgonen","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"komm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"arrived","note":"Past participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vackert","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kommen","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klart","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vackert","gloss":"weather"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p2-s2","source":"Han åt själv först ett stycke bröd, som han fann i stugan, gav därpå morgonfoder åt både gäss och ko och ställde upp lagårdsdörren, för att kon skulle kunna bege sig till närmaste gård.","translation":"He first ate a piece of bread himself, which he found in the cottage, then gave morning feed to both the geese and the cow, and opened the barn door so that the cow could set off for the nearest farm.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bege sig","title":"Reflexive verb «bege sig» — 'to set off'","body":"«bege sig» ('to betake oneself, set off, head for') is one of many Swedish verbs that only exist with the reflexive pronoun «sig» — it can't mean 'to go' without it. «Sig» itself never changes for gender or number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bröd","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies åt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"bröd","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Han","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bröd","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stugan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fann","gloss":"cottage"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies morgonfoder","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"morgonfoder","lemma":"morgonfod","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"morning feed"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gäss","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"gäss","lemma":"gäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gav","gloss":"geese","note":"mistagged as neuter singular; 'gäss' is the plural of 'gås' (goose)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ko","lemma":"ko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gäss","gloss":"cow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gav","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ställde","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"lagårdsdörren","lemma":"lagårdsdörre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"the barn door"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bege","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kon","lemma":"kon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of bege","gloss":"the cow","note":"Definite singular of ko 'cow', mistagged as plural."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bege","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of bege","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"bege","lemma":"bege","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gav","gloss":"set off","note":"Used reflexively, bege sig, \"to betake oneself, set off\"."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bege","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"närmaste","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies gård","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bege","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p2-s3","source":"När hon kom gående ensam, skulle nog grannarna förstå, att det stod illa till med hennes matmor.","translation":"When she came walking alone, the neighbors would surely understand that things stood badly with her mistress.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on förstå","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"gående","lemma":"gåe","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ensam","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle 'gående' of 'gå' (to walk), used adjectivally/adverbially; mistagged as a plain adjective lemma."},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"grannarna","lemma":"grannarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"the neighbors"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of förstå","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"illa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stod","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking matmor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of matmor","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"matmor","lemma":"matmor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"mistress","note":"Old word for the woman who runs the household/farm; tagged plural but used as singular here."}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p2-s4","source":"De skulle skynda upp till ödegården för att se hur den gamla hade det, och så skulle de finna hennes döda kropp och begrava den.","translation":"They would hurry up to the deserted farm to see how the old woman was, and so they would find her dead body and bury it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ödegården","title":"«ödegård» — an abandoned farm","body":"«öde» means 'desolate, deserted' and «gård» is 'farm(stead)'; the compound «ödegård» names a farm left to fall to ruin — common in the poor Swedish highlands the boy is now flying over."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skynda","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skynda","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"skynda","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to hurry"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skynda","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ödegården","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ödegården","lemma":"ödegård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skynda","gloss":"the deserted farm"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skynda","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gamla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finna","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of finna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with skynda","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of kropp","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"döda","lemma":"död","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kropp","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"kropp","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"begrava","lemma":"begrava","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with finna","gloss":"bury"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of begrava","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":10,"label":"3","id":"ch18-ch18-p3-s1","source":"Knappt hade pojken och gässen höjt sig i luften, förrän de fingo syn på ett högt berg med nästan lodräta väggar och en tvärt avbruten topp, och de förstodo, att detta måste vara Taberg.","translation":"Scarcely had the boy and the geese risen into the air before they caught sight of a tall mountain with almost sheer walls and an abruptly broken-off peak, and they understood that this must be Taberg.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höjt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höjt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with pojken","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"höjt","lemma":"höj","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjt","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjt","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies syn","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of syn","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"got","note":"Mistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få (\"got/were given\")."},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjt","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of berg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies syn","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väggar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lodräta","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"lodräta","lemma":"lodrät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies väggar","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"väggar","lemma":"vägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of syn","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of topp","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tvärt","lemma":"tvär","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avbruten","gloss":"abruptly"},{"surface":"avbruten","lemma":"avbruten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies topp","gloss":"broken-off"},{"surface":"topp","lemma":"topp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with väggar","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of förstodo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"förstodo","lemma":"förstodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with höjt","gloss":"understood","note":"past plural of förstå ('to understand'); mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on förstodo","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Taberg","lemma":"Taberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Taberg"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p3-s2","source":"Och på toppen av Taberg stod Akka med Yksi och Kaksi, Kolme och Neljä, Viisi och Kuusi och alla sex gässlingarna och väntade på dem.","translation":"And on the top of Taberg stood Akka with Yksi and Kaksi, Kolme and Neljä, Viisi and Kuusi, and all six goslings, waiting for them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Yksi och Kaksi, Kolme och Neljä, Viisi och Kuusi","title":"The goslings' names are Finnish numbers","body":"«Yksi, Kaksi, Kolme, Neljä, Viisi, Kuusi» are simply the Finnish words for 'one' through 'six' — Lagerlöf names Akka's six goslings by counting them off in Finnish, a small joke that survives untranslated in the Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toppen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"toppen","lemma":"topp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Taberg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Taberg","lemma":"Taberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies toppen","gloss":"Taberg"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Yksi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Yksi","lemma":"Yksi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"Yksi","note":"One of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Kaksi","lemma":"Kaksi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kaksi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese."},{"surface":"Kolme","lemma":"Kolme","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kolme"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Neljä","lemma":"Neljä","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Neljä"},{"surface":"Viisi","lemma":"Viisi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Viisi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese (Finnish for \"five\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Kuusi","lemma":"Kuusi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kuusi","note":"Proper name of one of the goslings."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gässlingarna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"sex","lemma":"sex","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gässlingarna","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"gässlingarna","lemma":"gässling","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"goslings"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gässlingarna","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p3-s3","source":"Det blev en glädje och ett kacklande och ett flaxande och ett ropande, som ingen kan beskriva, när de sågo, att det hade lyckats gåskarlen och Dunfin att finna reda på Tummetott.","translation":"There arose a joy and a cackling and a flapping and a calling that no one can describe, when they saw that the gander and Dunfin had succeeded in finding Thumbietot.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of glädje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"glädje","lemma":"glädje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kacklande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kacklande","lemma":"kacklande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"cackling","note":"mistagged as an adjective; used here as the noun 'a cackling'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of flaxande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"flaxande","lemma":"flaxande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with kacklande","gloss":"flapping"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ropande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ropande","lemma":"ropande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with kacklande","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of beskriva","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of beskriva","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of beskriva","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"beskriva","lemma":"beskriva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on ropande","gloss":"to describe"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kacklande","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyckats","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lyckats","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lyckats","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lyckats","lemma":"lycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"succeeded","note":"Impersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'."},{"surface":"gåskarlen","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lyckats","gloss":"gander","note":"morphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Dunfin","lemma":"Dunfin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lyckats","gloss":"Dunfin"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lyckats","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on finna","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tummetott","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of finna","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."}]},{"number":13,"label":"4","id":"ch18-ch18-p4-s1","source":"Det växte skog tämligen högt uppåt Tabergssidorna, men den översta toppen var kal, och därifrån kunde man se vitt omkring åt alla håll.","translation":"Forest grew fairly high up the sides of Taberg, but the topmost peak was bare, and from there one could see far around in every direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with växte","gloss":"there","note":"this type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry."},{"surface":"växte","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"skog","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of växte","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"tämligen","lemma":"tämligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"fairly"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppåt","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Tabergssidorna","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"Tabergssidorna","lemma":"Tabergssidorna","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of växte","gloss":"the Taberg slopes"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of toppen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"översta","lemma":"överst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies toppen","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"toppen","lemma":"topp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kal","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kal","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"kal","lemma":"kal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with växte","gloss":"bare","note":"Adjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"därifrån","lemma":"därifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with växte","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"vitt","lemma":"vitd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"far and wide"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"directions"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p4-s2","source":"Blickade man åt öster, åt söder eller åt väster, så var det nästan intet annat att se än ett fattigt högland med mörka granskogar, bruna mossar, istäckta sjöar och blånande bergåsar.","translation":"If one looked east, south, or west, there was almost nothing else to see than a poor highland with dark spruce forests, brown bogs, ice-covered lakes, and bluish mountain ridges.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Blickade","lemma":"Blicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on intet","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Blickade","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öster","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"öster","lemma":"öster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Blickade","gloss":"east"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking söder","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Blickade","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väster","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"väster","lemma":"väster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with söder","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on intet","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to intet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with intet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies intet","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"intet","lemma":"intet","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of annat","gloss":"nothing","note":"archaic/literary form of inget/ingenting."},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying annat","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of högland","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of högland","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies högland","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"högland","lemma":"högland","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"highland"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of granskogar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mörka","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies granskogar","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"granskogar","lemma":"granskog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"spruce forests"},{"surface":"bruna","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies mossar","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"mossar","lemma":"moss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with granskogar","gloss":"bogs"},{"surface":"istäckta","lemma":"istäckt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sjöar","gloss":"ice-covered"},{"surface":"sjöar","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with granskogar","gloss":"lakes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blånande","lemma":"blåna","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies bergåsar","gloss":"bluish","note":"Present participle of 'blåna' (to turn blue) used adjectivally."},{"surface":"bergåsar","lemma":"bergås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with granskogar","gloss":"ridges"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p4-s3","source":"Pojken kunde inte låta bli att tycka, att det var sant, att den, som hade skapat detta, inte hade gjort sig mycken möda med sitt arbete, utan hade yxat till det i en hast.","translation":"The boy could not help thinking that it was true that whoever had created this had not taken much trouble with his work, but had hacked it together in a hurry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"yxat till","title":"«yxa till» — 'to hack together'","body":"«yxa» is 'axe' turned into a verb; «yxa till» means to rough something out crudely and in haste, as if with an axe rather than careful tools — the boy's unflattering verdict on the barren southern highland."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tycka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tycka","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sant","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sant","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sant","lemma":"sant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of låta","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjort","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skapat","gloss":"whoever","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skapat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skapat","lemma":"skapa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"created"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skapat","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on sant","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies möda","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"möda","lemma":"möda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbete","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of arbete","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"yxat","lemma":"yxan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"hacked together"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hast","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hast","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hast","lemma":"hast","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"hurry","note":"'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'."}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p4-s4","source":"Men blickade man åt norr, var det en helt annan sak.","translation":"But if one looked north, it was quite another matter.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"blickade","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked/gazed"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blickade","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blickade","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sak","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sak","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sak","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annan","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sak","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sak","lemma":"sak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blickade","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p4-s5","source":"Här såg landet ut, som om det skulle ha blivit utformat med största kärlek och omsorg.","translation":"Here the land looked as though it had been shaped with the greatest love and care.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"utformat","lemma":"utforma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"shaped"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kärlek","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies kärlek","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"kärlek","lemma":"kärlek","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utformat","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omsorg","lemma":"omsorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kärlek","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p4-s6","source":"Åt det hållet syntes idel vackra berg, mjuka dalar och slingrande åar ända fram till den stora sjön Vättern, som låg isfri och skinande klar och lyste, som om den inte vore fylld med vatten, utan med blått ljus.","translation":"In that direction nothing but beautiful mountains, soft valleys, and winding streams could be seen, all the way to the great lake Vättern, which lay free of ice, shining and clear, and glowed as though it were filled not with water but with blue light.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åt","lemma":"Åt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Åt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hållet","lemma":"hållen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Åt","gloss":"direction","note":"surface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction')."},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with Åt","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"idel","lemma":"idel","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies dalar","gloss":"nothing but","note":"mistagged as a numeral; it is the adjective/adverb 'idel' meaning 'nothing but, sheer'."},{"surface":"vackra","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with idel","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"mjuka","lemma":"mjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies dalar","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"dalar","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Åt","gloss":"valleys"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slingrande","lemma":"slingrand","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with dalar","gloss":"winding"},{"surface":"åar","lemma":"åar","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on dalar","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Åt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vättern","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sjön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sjön","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Vättern","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"Vättern","lemma":"vätter","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"Vättern"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Vättern","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"isfri","lemma":"isfri","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"free of ice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skinande","lemma":"skinande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with isfri","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"klar","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Vättern","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lysa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Vättern","gloss":"to shine"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fylld","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fylld","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fylld","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fylld","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to fylld","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"fylld","lemma":"fylld","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Åt","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vatten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fylld","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ljus","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"blått","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ljus","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"ljus","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Åt","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":19,"label":"5","id":"ch18-ch18-p5-s1","source":"Det var just Vättern, som gjorde det så vackert att se mot norr, därför att det såg ut, som om ett blått skimmer hade stigit upp från sjön och brett ut sig också över land.","translation":"It was Vättern itself that made it so beautiful to look north, because it looked as though a blue shimmer had risen up from the lake and spread out over the land as well.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vättern","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vättern","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"Vättern","lemma":"vätter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Lake Vättern"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Vättern","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of gjorde","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on Vättern","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stigit","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skimmer","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skimmer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blått","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skimmer","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"skimmer","lemma":"skimmer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stigit","gloss":"shimmer"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stigit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stigit","lemma":"stiga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on Vättern","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stigit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stigit","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brett","lemma":"bret","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with stigit","gloss":"spread out","note":"appears in the phrasal 'bredde/brett ut' (spread out); an old supine form of breda used adverbially."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase brett","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of stigit","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stigit","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stigit","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p5-s2","source":"Lundar och höjder och taken och spirorna av Jönköpings stad, som skymtade fram på Vätterstranden, lågo omsvepta av ljust blått, som smekte ögat.","translation":"Groves and heights and the roofs and spires of the town of Jönköping, which showed faintly on the shore of Vättern, lay wrapped in a light blue that caressed the eye.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lundar","lemma":"Lund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive omsvepta","gloss":"groves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höjder","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Lundar","gloss":"heights"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"taken","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Lundar","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spirorna","lemma":"spirorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with taken","gloss":"the spires"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Jönköpings","lemma":"Jönköping","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of stad","gloss":"Jönköping's"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies spirorna","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skymtade","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skymtade","lemma":"skymta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Lundar","gloss":"came into view"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skymtade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vätterstranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Vätterstranden","lemma":"Vätterstranden","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of skymtade","gloss":"Vättern shore"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Lundar","gloss":"lay","note":"Past plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'."},{"surface":"omsvepta","lemma":"omsvepta","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blått","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ljust","lemma":"ljust","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blått","gloss":"brightly"},{"surface":"blått","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"agent of omsvepta","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of smekte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"smekte","lemma":"smeka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on omsvepta","gloss":"stroked"},{"surface":"ögat","lemma":"öga","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of smekte","gloss":"eye"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p5-s3","source":"Om det funnes länder i himmelen, skulle de väl också vara så där blåa, tänkte pojken och tyckte, att han hade fått en liten aning om hur det såg ut i paradiset.","translation":"If there were countries in heaven, they would surely be just as blue as that, the boy thought, and felt that he had gotten a small idea of what paradise looked like.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"funnes","title":"«funnes» — archaic subjunctive of «finnas»","body":"«funnes» is an old optative/subjunctive form of «finnas» ('to exist, be found'), used for a hypothetical ('if there were countries in heaven'). Modern Swedish would simply reuse the past tense «fanns» here; the special subjunctive form was already old-fashioned by 1906 and has since dropped out of everyday use."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funnes","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with funnes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"funnes","lemma":"funnes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vara","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"länder","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of funnes","gloss":"countries","note":"One example uses land nautically to mean \"shore\" rather than \"country\"."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himmelen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"himmelen","lemma":"himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies länder","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on vara","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to vara","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of aning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies aning","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"aning","lemma":"aning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying aning","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paradiset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"paradiset","lemma":"paradis","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"paradise"}]},{"number":22,"label":"6","id":"ch18-ch18-p6-s1","source":"När gässen frampå dagen fortsatte sin flyttresa, foro de uppåt den blåa dalen.","translation":"When the geese continued their migration later in the day, they flew up along the blue valley.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dalen","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of dalen","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"frampå","lemma":"frampå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"later in"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of frampå","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"fortsatte","lemma":"fortsatte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"complement of frampå","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of flyttresa","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"flyttresa","lemma":"flyttresa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortsatte","gloss":"migration"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fortsatte","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dalen","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dalen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dalen","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"valley"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p6-s2","source":"De voro i det allra bästa lynne, skreko och larmade, så att ingen, som hade öron, kunde undgå att lägga märke till dem.","translation":"They were in the very best of spirits, screeching and clamoring so that no one who had ears could fail to notice them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"«voro» — archaic plural of «var» ('were')","body":"Pre-1906-reform written Swedish still gave plural subjects their own verb form: «voro» ('were', plural) beside singular «var». Lagerlöf's generation wrote this distinction as a literary register even though spoken Swedish had already leveled it; modern Swedish uses «var» for all persons and numbers."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lynne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of lynne","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bästa","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies lynne","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"lynne","lemma":"lynne","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"mood"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with lynne","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"larmade","lemma":"larmad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with lynne","gloss":"clamored"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on undgå","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ingen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"öron","lemma":"öro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"ears","note":"The lemma is a parser error; the surface öron is the plural of öra."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of undgå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"undgå","lemma":"undgå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"to avoid"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lägga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lägga","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of undgå","gloss":"to lay/put"},{"surface":"märke","lemma":"märke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on lägga","gloss":"notice","note":"Both attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of lägga","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":24,"label":"7","id":"ch18-ch18-p7-s1","source":"Nu råkade detta vara den första riktigt vackra vårdagen, som man hade haft i den här trakten.","translation":"Now it happened that this was the first truly beautiful spring day they had had in this region.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"råkade","title":"«råka» + infinitive — 'to happen to'","body":"«råkade detta vara» means 'this happened to be' — «råka» before an infinitive marks something as coincidental or unplanned, much like English 'happen to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened to"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to vårdagen","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vårdagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vårdagen","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackra","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"vackra","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies vårdagen","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"vårdagen","lemma":"vårdag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of råkade","gloss":"spring day"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on vårdagen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trakten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of trakten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"trakten","lemma":"trakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of haft","gloss":"region"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p7-s2","source":"Allt hitintills hade våren gjort sitt arbete under regn och rusk, och när det nu helt hastigt hade blivit vackert väder, fylldes människorna av en sådan längtan efter sommarvärme och gröna skogar, att de hade svårt att sköta sina sysslor.","translation":"Up until now, spring had done its work under rain and raw weather, and when the weather had now quite suddenly turned fine, people were filled with such a longing for summer warmth and green forests that they found it hard to attend to their tasks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"determiner of hitintills","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"hitintills","lemma":"hitintill","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"up until now"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of arbete","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking regn","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"regn","lemma":"regn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rusk","lemma":"rusk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with regn","gloss":"raw weather"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hastigt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blivit","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gjort","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"fylldes","lemma":"fyll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive fylldes","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking längtan","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of längtan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies längtan","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"längtan","lemma":"längtan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies människorna","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommarvärme","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sommarvärme","lemma":"sommarvärme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies längtan","gloss":"summer warmth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skogar","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"skogar","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with sommarvärme","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fylldes","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sköta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sköta","lemma":"sköta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"to tend to"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of sysslor","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"sysslor","lemma":"syssla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sköta","gloss":"tasks"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p7-s3","source":"Och när vildgässen foro förbi fria och muntra högt över jorden, var det inte en enda, som inte släppte vad hon hade för händer och blickade efter dem.","translation":"And when the wild geese flew past, free and merry, high above the earth, there was not a single one who did not drop whatever she had in hand and gaze after them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of foro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of foro","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on enda","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on foro","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"fria","lemma":"fri","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of foro","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"muntra","lemma":"muntra","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with fria","gloss":"merry"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muntra","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of muntra","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to enda","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of enda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies det","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies enda","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of släppte","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies släppte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"släppte","lemma":"släppte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with enda","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of släppte","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking händer","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"händer","lemma":"hända","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"hands","note":"Plural of hand; lemma mislabeled 'hända' but this is händer, 'hands'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blickade","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with händer","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of blickade","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":27,"label":"8","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s1","source":"De första, som sågo vildgässen den dagen, voro gruvarbetarna på Taberg, som bröto malm vid själva bergytan.","translation":"The first who saw the wild geese that day were the miners at Taberg, who quarried ore right at the mountain's surface.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural again: «voro»","body":"Another instance of the pre-reform plural verb form «voro» ('were') — see the note on this earlier in the chapter; it consistently marks plural subjects in this narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of första","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on första","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were","note":"Old plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative."},{"surface":"gruvarbetarna","lemma":"gruvarbetarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the miners"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Taberg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Taberg","lemma":"Taberg","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies gruvarbetarna","gloss":"Taberg"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of malm","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"bröto","lemma":"bröto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies malm","gloss":"quarried","note":"actually the archaic plural past tense of bryta (they broke/set off), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"malm","lemma":"malm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"in apposition to voro","gloss":"ore","note":"Common noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergytan","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies bergytan","gloss":"right at","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"bergytan","lemma":"bergyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies malm","gloss":"rock surface"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s2","source":"När de hörde dem kackla, höllo de upp med att borra sina spränghål, och en av dem ropade till fåglarna: »Vart ska ni fara? Vart ska ni fara?»","translation":"When they heard them cackling, they stopped drilling their blast-holes, and one of them shouted to the birds: “Where are you going? Where are you going?”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"«höllo» — archaic plural preterite of «hålla»","body":"«höllo upp» ('[they] stopped') carries the old plural preterite ending «-o»: «höllo» for a plural subject beside singular «höll». This -o plural pattern on strong verbs (compare «gingo», «sutto» later in the chapter) is one of the clearest markers of 1906 literary Swedish that modern usage has since dropped."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"spränghål","title":"«spränghål» — a blasting hole","body":"«spränga» is 'to blast, detonate' and «hål» is 'hole'; «spränghål» names the holes miners drill and pack with explosive charges to break rock — everyday vocabulary of the Taberg iron mine."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"kackla","lemma":"kackla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"cackle"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on höllo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of borra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of borra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"borra","lemma":"borra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"drilling","note":"ch04-p17-s6 uses borra for driving beaks into someone; ch43-p29-s4 uses it literally for drilling blast-holes. The fixed gloss 'to bore' does not naturally render both uses."},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of spränghål","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"spränghål","lemma":"spränghål","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of borra","gloss":"blast holes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ,","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with höllo","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglarna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ska","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ska","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s3","source":"Gässen förstodo inte vad han sade, men pojken lutade sig ut över gåsryggen och svarade i deras ställe: »Dit, där det varken finns hacka eller hammare.»","translation":"The geese did not understand what he said, but the boy leaned out over the goose's back and answered in their place: “To where there is neither pick nor hammer.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förstodo","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"förstodo","lemma":"förstodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"understood","note":"past plural of förstå ('to understand'); mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lutade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"lutade","lemma":"luta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lutade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lutade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåsryggen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"gåsryggen","lemma":"gåsrygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"goose's back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lutade","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ställe","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of svarade","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on Dit","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"hacka","lemma":"hacka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of finns","gloss":"pick","note":"some examples use 'hacka' as the noun for a hoe or pick, not the verb 'to peck'."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hammare","lemma":"hammare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hacka","gloss":"hammer"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s4","source":"När gruvarbetarna hörde orden, trodde de, att det var deras egen längtan, som hade kommit gåskacklet att ljuda som människotal.","translation":"When the miners heard the words, they believed it was their own longing that had made the geese's cackling sound like human speech.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gruvarbetarna","lemma":"gruvarbetarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"the miners"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on trodde","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"orden","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"the words","note":"Surface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of längtan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with längtan","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to längtan","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of längtan","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"egen","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies längtan","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"längtan","lemma":"längtan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on längtan","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"gåskacklet","lemma":"gåskackl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"goose-cackle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ljuda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ljuda","lemma":"ljuda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying gåskacklet","gloss":"to sound"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of människotal","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"människotal","lemma":"människotal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of ljuda","gloss":"human speech"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s5","source":"»Låt oss följa med! Låt oss följa med!» ropade de.","translation":"“Let us come along! Let us come along!” they shouted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s6","source":"— »Inte i år,» skrek pojken.","translation":"“Not this year,” the boy cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Inte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Inte","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p8-s7","source":"»Inte i år.»","translation":"“Not this year.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies »","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies »","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":34,"label":"9","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s1","source":"Vildgässen följde Tabergsån ner mot Munksjön, och alltjämt förde de samma oväsen.","translation":"The wild geese followed the Taberg stream down toward Munksjön, and they kept up the same racket.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"Tabergsån","lemma":"tabergsån","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies följde","gloss":"Taberg stream"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies följde","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Munksjön","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Munksjön","lemma":"Munksjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"Munksjön"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"förde","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with följde","gloss":"kept up","note":"Second example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck')."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of förde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of oväsen","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"oväsen","lemma":"oväsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förde","gloss":"commotion"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s2","source":"Här på den smala landremsan mellan Munksjön och Vättern låg Jönköping med sina stora fabriksanläggningar.","translation":"Here, on the narrow strip of land between Munksjön and Vättern, lay Jönköping with its great factory works.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies landremsan","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landremsan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of landremsan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landremsan","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"landremsan","lemma":"landremsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"strip of land"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Munksjön","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"Munksjön","lemma":"Munksjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies landremsan","gloss":"Munksjön"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Vättern","lemma":"Vättern","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Munksjön","gloss":"Lake Vättern"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"Jönköping","lemma":"Jönköping","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"Jönköping","note":"Swedish city name."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fabriksanläggningar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of fabriksanläggningar","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fabriksanläggningar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"fabriksanläggningar","lemma":"fabriksanläggning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"factory works"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s3","source":"Vildgässen foro först över Munksjö pappersbruk.","translation":"The wild geese flew first over the Munksjö paper mill.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of foro","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pappersbruk","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pappersbruk","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Munksjö","lemma":"Munksjö","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies pappersbruk","gloss":"Munksjö"},{"surface":"pappersbruk","lemma":"pappersbruk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"paper mill"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s4","source":"Det var just då slut på middagsrasten, och de stora arbetarskarorna strömmade fram mot fabriksporten.","translation":"It was just then the end of the midday break, and the great crowds of workers were streaming toward the factory gate.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies var","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"slut","lemma":"slut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking middagsrasten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"middagsrasten","lemma":"middagsrast","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"the midday break"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of arbetarskarorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies arbetarskarorna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"arbetarskarorna","lemma":"arbetarskarorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of strömmade","gloss":"the worker crowds"},{"surface":"strömmade","lemma":"strömma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"streamed"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies strömmade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fabriksporten","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"fabriksporten","lemma":"fabriksport","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of strömmade","gloss":"the factory gate"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s5","source":"När de hörde vildgässen, stannade de ett ögonblick för att lyssna till dem.","translation":"When they heard the wild geese, they stopped for a moment to listen to them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stannade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ögonblick","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of stannade","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lyssna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lyssna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lyssna","lemma":"lyssna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stannade","gloss":"to listen"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of lyssna","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s6","source":"»Vart ska ni fara? Vart ska ni fara?» ropade en arbetare.","translation":"“Where are you going? Where are you going?” shouted a worker.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ska","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ska","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of arbetare","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"arbetare","lemma":"arbetare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"workers"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s7","source":"Vildgässen förstodo inte vad han sade, men pojken svarade i deras ställe: »Dit, där det varken finns maskiner eller ångpannor.»","translation":"The wild geese did not understand what he said, but the boy answered in their place: “To where there are neither machines nor boilers.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"förstodo","lemma":"förstodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vildgässen","gloss":"understood","note":"past plural of förstå ('to understand'); mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ställe","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of svarade","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on Dit","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"maskiner","lemma":"maskin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"machines"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ångpannor","lemma":"ångpannor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with maskiner","gloss":"boilers"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s8","source":"När arbetarna hörde svaret, trodde de, att det var deras egen längtan, som kom gåskacklet att ljuda som människotal.","translation":"When the workers heard the answer, they believed it was their own longing that made the geese's cackling sound like human speech.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"arbetarna","lemma":"arbetare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"workers"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on trodde","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"svaret","lemma":"svar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of längtan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with längtan","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to längtan","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of längtan","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"egen","lemma":"egen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies längtan","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"längtan","lemma":"längtan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on längtan","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"gåskacklet","lemma":"gåskackl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"goose-cackle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ljuda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ljuda","lemma":"ljuda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"to sound"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of människotal","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"människotal","lemma":"människotal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of ljuda","gloss":"human speech"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s9","source":"»Låt oss följa med!» ropade en hel mängd av dem.","translation":"“Let us come along!” shouted a whole crowd of them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hel","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mängd","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies mängd","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s10","source":"»Låt oss följa med!»","translation":"“Let us come along!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s11","source":"— »Inte i år,» svarade pojken.","translation":"“Not this year,” answered the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Inte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Inte","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p9-s12","source":"»Inte i år.»","translation":"“Not this year.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies »","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies »","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":46,"label":"10","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s1","source":"Därnäst foro gässen fram över den vittberömda tändsticksfabriken, som ligger på Vätterstranden, stor som en fästning, och sträcker sina höga skorstenar mot himlen.","translation":"Next the geese flew over the far-famed match factory, which lies on the shore of Vättern, big as a fortress, and stretches its tall chimneys toward the sky.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därnäst","lemma":"Därnäst","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Därnäst","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Därnäst","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Därnäst","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tändsticksfabriken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tändsticksfabriken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vittberömda","lemma":"vittberömda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tändsticksfabriken","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"tändsticksfabriken","lemma":"tändsticksfabrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the match factory"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tändsticksfabriken","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vätterstranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Vätterstranden","lemma":"Vätterstranden","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"Vättern shore"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fästning","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fästning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fästning","lemma":"fästning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stor","gloss":"fortress"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sträcker","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of skorstenar","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skorstenar","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"skorstenar","lemma":"skorsten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sträcker","gloss":"chimneys"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sträcker","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s2","source":"Ingen människa rörde sig ute på gårdarna, men i en stor sal sutto unga arbeterskor och fyllde tändsticksaskar.","translation":"No one was stirring outside in the yards, but in a great hall young workwomen sat filling matchboxes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of människa","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rörde","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rörde","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sal","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sal","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"sal","lemma":"sal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sutto","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"sutto","lemma":"sutto","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with rörde","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'sitta' (they sat), despite the noun tag."},{"surface":"unga","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies arbeterskor","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"arbeterskor","lemma":"arbeterska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of sutto","gloss":"workwomen"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fyllde","lemma":"fylla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"tändsticksaskar","lemma":"tändsticksask","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fyllde","gloss":"matchboxes"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s3","source":"De hade öppnat ett fönster för det vackra vädrets skull, och genom detta trängde vildgässens rop in till dem.","translation":"They had opened a window for the sake of the fine weather, and through it the calls of the wild geese reached in to them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of öppnat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of öppnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"öppnat","lemma":"öppna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of fönster","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fönster","lemma":"fönster","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of öppnat","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vädrets","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vädrets","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vackra","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies vädrets","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"vädrets","lemma":"vädrets","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fönster","gloss":"the weather's"},{"surface":"skull","lemma":"skull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on vädrets","gloss":"sake","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of trängde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"trängde","lemma":"trängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"possessor of rop","gloss":"reached in"},{"surface":"vildgässens","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"depends on trängde","gloss":"wild geese's","note":"surface 'vildgässens' is plural genitive (of the wild geese) despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with öppnat","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rop","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of in","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s4","source":"Den, som satt närmast fönstret, lutade sig ut med en tändsticksask i handen och ropade: »Vart ska ni fara? Vart ska ni fara?»","translation":"The one who sat nearest the window leaned out with a matchbox in her hand and called: “Where are you going? Where are you going?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lutade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Den","gloss":"sat","note":"This form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense."},{"surface":"närmast","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fönstret","gloss":"nearest","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"fönstret","lemma":"fönstr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"window","note":"Archaic/dialectal spelling of fönster."},{"surface":"lutade","lemma":"luta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of lutade","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lutade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tändsticksask","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tändsticksask","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tändsticksask","lemma":"tändsticksask","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"matchbox"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking handen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"handen","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tändsticksask","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lutade","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ska","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ska","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s5","source":"— »Till det landet, där det varken behövs ljus eller tändstickor,» sade pojken.","translation":"“To the land where neither light nor matches are needed,” said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies behövs","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with behövs","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"behövs","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on landet","gloss":"is needed"},{"surface":"ljus","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of behövs","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tändstickor","lemma":"tändsticka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ljus","gloss":"matches"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Till","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s6","source":"Flickan trodde nog, att vad hon hade hört bara var gåskackel, men eftersom hon tyckte sig ha urskilt ett par ord, ropade hon till svar: »Låt mig följa med! Låt mig följa med!»","translation":"The girl no doubt believed that what she had heard was only goose-cackle, but since she thought she had made out a couple of words, she called back in answer: “Let me come along! Let me come along!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Flickan","lemma":"flicka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hört","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hört","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gåskackel","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"gåskackel","lemma":"gåskackel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"goose-cackle"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tyckte","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hört","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"urskilt","lemma":"urskilt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ord","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with trodde","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svar","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"svar","lemma":"svar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s7","source":"— »Inte i år,» svarade pojken.","translation":"“Not this year,” answered the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Inte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Inte","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p10-s8","source":"»Inte i år.»","translation":"“Not this year.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies »","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies »","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":54,"label":"11","id":"ch18-ch18-p11-s1","source":"Öster om fabrikerna reser sig Jönköping på den härligaste plats, som någon stad kan inta.","translation":"East of the factories rises Jönköping, on the loveliest site any town could occupy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Öster","lemma":"Öster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of reser","gloss":"east of","note":"Preposition/adverb 'east'; mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fabrikerna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fabrikerna","lemma":"fabrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies Öster","gloss":"factories"},{"surface":"reser","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises","note":"3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of reser","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Jönköping","lemma":"Jönköping","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of reser","gloss":"Jönköping","note":"Swedish city name."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plats","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of plats","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"härligaste","lemma":"härlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies plats","gloss":"loveliest"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of reser","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stad","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of inta","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of inta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inta","lemma":"inta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on plats","gloss":"to occupy"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p11-s2","source":"Den smala Vättern har höga, branta sandstränder både på östra och västra sidan, men rätt i söder äro sandmurarna nerbrutna liksom för att ge rum för en stor port, genom vilken man når fram till sjön.","translation":"The narrow Vättern has high, steep sand banks on both the eastern and western side, but directly to the south the sand walls are broken down, as if to make room for a great gateway through which one reaches the lake.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"äro","title":"«äro» — archaic plural of «är» ('are')","body":"Like «voro» and «höllo» elsewhere in the chapter, «äro» is the old plural present-tense form of «vara» ('to be'), used here for the plural subject «sandmurarna». Modern Swedish uses «är» for every person and number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Vättern","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Vättern","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"Vättern","lemma":"vätter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"Lake Vättern"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sandstränder","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"branta","lemma":"brant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sandstränder","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"sandstränder","lemma":"sandstränd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"sandy shores"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"östra","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"västra","lemma":"västra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with östra","gloss":"western"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sandstränder","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies nerbrutna","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"äro","lemma":"äro","morphology":"adverb","role":"auxiliary of nerbrutna","gloss":"are","note":"Archaic plural present tense of vara (they are), not an adverb."},{"surface":"sandmurarna","lemma":"sandmurarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of nerbrutna","gloss":"the sand walls"},{"surface":"nerbrutna","lemma":"nerbrutna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"broken down"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on nerbrutna","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"rum","lemma":"rum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ge","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking port","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of port","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies port","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"port","lemma":"port","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vilken","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"vilken","lemma":"vilken","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of når","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of når","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"når","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on nerbrutna","gloss":"reaches"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies når","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"lake"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p11-s3","source":"Och mitt i porten, med berg till höger och berg till vänster, med Munksjön bakom sig och Vättern framför sig, ligger Jönköping.","translation":"And right in the middle of that gateway, with mountains to the right and mountains to the left, with Munksjön behind it and Vättern before it, lies Jönköping.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Och","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"porten","lemma":"port","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mitt","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berg","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies porten","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"höger","lemma":"höger","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"right (side)"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with till","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vänster","lemma":"vänster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"left","note":"the left side/direction."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Munksjön","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Munksjön","lemma":"Munksjön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of Och","gloss":"Munksjön"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"modifies Munksjön","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Vättern","lemma":"Vättern","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Munksjön","gloss":"Lake Vättern"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of Munksjön","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"Jönköping","lemma":"Jönköping","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"Jönköping","note":"Swedish city name."}]},{"number":57,"label":"12","id":"ch18-ch18-p12-s1","source":"Gässen foro fram över den långa, smala staden och förde samma oväsen här som ute på landsbygden.","translation":"The geese flew on over the long, narrow town and kept up the same racket here as out in the countryside.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of fram","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Gässen","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking staden","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of staden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies staden","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies staden","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"staden","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"förde","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"kept up","note":"Second example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck')."},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of oväsen","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"oväsen","lemma":"oväsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förde","gloss":"commotion"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förde","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsbygden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"landsbygden","lemma":"landsbygd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förde","gloss":"the countryside"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p12-s2","source":"Men i staden var det ingen, som svarade dem.","translation":"But in the town there was no one who answered them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking staden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"staden","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ingen","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ingen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ingen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on ingen","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of svarade","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p12-s3","source":"Det var inte att vänta, att stadsborna skulle stanna ute på gatan och ropa åt vildgässen.","translation":"It was not to be expected that the townsfolk would stop out in the street and call up to the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vänta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vänta","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vänta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"stadsborna","lemma":"stadsborna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"the townspeople"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stanna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vänta","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stanna","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gatan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gatan","lemma":"gata","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stanna","gloss":"street"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropa","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stanna","gloss":"to call out"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgässen","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropa","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."}]},{"number":60,"label":"13","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s1","source":"Färden gick vidare framåt Vätterstranden, och om en stund kommo gässen till Sanna sjukhem.","translation":"The journey continued on along the shore of Vättern, and after a while the geese came to the Sanna sanatorium.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Färden","lemma":"färd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking Vätterstranden","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"Vätterstranden","lemma":"Vätterstranden","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"Vättern shore"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjukhem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Sanna","lemma":"Sanna","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies sjukhem","gloss":"Sanna"},{"surface":"sjukhem","lemma":"sjukhem","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"the sanatorium"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s2","source":"Några av de sjuka hade gått ut på en veranda för att fröjda sig åt vårluften och fingo sålunda höra gåskacklet.","translation":"Some of the patients had gone out onto a veranda to enjoy the spring air, and so came to hear the geese cackling.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjuka","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sjuka","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sjuka","lemma":"sjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies Några","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking veranda","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of veranda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"veranda","lemma":"veranda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"a veranda"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fröjda","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fröjda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fröjda","lemma":"fröjda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"to delight in"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of fröjda","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vårluften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vårluften","lemma":"vårluft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fröjda","gloss":"the spring air"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with fröjda","gloss":"came to hear","note":"past plural of få ('to get'); mistagged as imperative."},{"surface":"sålunda","lemma":"sålunda","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höra","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fingo","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"gåskacklet","lemma":"gåskackl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of höra","gloss":"goose-cackle"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s3","source":"»Vart ska ni fara? Vart ska ni fara?» frågade en av dem med så svag röst, att den knappast hördes.","translation":"“Where are you going? Where are you going?” asked one of them in a voice so faint it could hardly be heard.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of röst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svag","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"svag","lemma":"svag","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of frågade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hördes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"knappast","lemma":"knappast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"depends on frågade","gloss":"could be heard"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s4","source":"— »Till det landet, där det varken finns sorg eller sjukdom,» svarade pojken.","translation":"“To the land where there is neither sorrow nor sickness,” answered the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on svarade","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"sorg","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"sjukdom","lemma":"sjukdom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sorg","gloss":"sickness"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Till","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s5","source":"— »Låt oss följa med!» sade de sjuka.","translation":"“Let us come along!” said the sick.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on följa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sjuka","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sjuka","lemma":"sjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s6","source":"— »Inte i år,» svarade pojken.","translation":"“Not this year,” answered the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Inte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Inte","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p13-s7","source":"»Inte i år.»","translation":"“Not this year.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies »","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies »","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":67,"label":"14","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s1","source":"När de hade farit ännu ett stycke framåt, kommo de till Huskvarna.","translation":"When they had flown yet a little farther, they came to Huskvarna.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Huskvarna","title":"Huskvarna — the chapter's destination","body":"«hus» ('house') plus «kvarn» ('mill') — the town grew up around a royal mill on the falling stream Lagerlöf describes; it later gave its name to the Husqvarna factory (guns, then sewing machines, motorcycles, and household goods) that made the falls industrially famous."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of farit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of farit","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Huskvarna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Huskvarna","lemma":"Huskvarna","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"Huskvarna","note":"Town near Jönköping."}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s2","source":"Det låg i en dal.","translation":"It lay in a valley.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dal","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"valley"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s3","source":"Bergen stodo branta och skönt formade däromkring.","translation":"The mountains stood steep and beautifully shaped around it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bergen","lemma":"Bergen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"the mountains","note":"Definite plural of 'berg' (mountains); mistagged as a place name."},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"branta","lemma":"brant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies däromkring","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skönt","lemma":"skön","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"beautifully"},{"surface":"formade","lemma":"formad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with branta","gloss":"shaped"},{"surface":"däromkring","lemma":"däromkring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"round about"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s4","source":"En å kom störtande utför höjden i långa, smala fall.","translation":"A stream came tumbling down the height in long, narrow falls.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"å","lemma":"å","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on utför","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"störtande","lemma":"störta","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"höjden","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of utför","gloss":"height"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fall","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"smala","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with långa","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of utför","gloss":"cases"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s5","source":"Stora verkstäder och fabriker lågo under bergväggarna, över dalbottnen utbredde sig arbetarbostäder, omgivna av trädgårdstäppor, och mitt i dalen lågo skolhusen.","translation":"Great workshops and factories lay beneath the mountain walls; over the valley floor spread workers' dwellings, surrounded by garden plots, and in the middle of the valley lay the schoolhouses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies verkstäder","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"verkstäder","lemma":"verkstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lågo","gloss":"workshops"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fabriker","lemma":"fabrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with verkstäder","gloss":"factories"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergväggarna","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"bergväggarna","lemma":"bergväggarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lågo","gloss":"the rock walls"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalbottnen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"dalbottnen","lemma":"dalbottn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utbredde","gloss":"valley floor"},{"surface":"utbredde","lemma":"utbredde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to lågo","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of utbredde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"arbetarbostäder","lemma":"arbetarbostäd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of utbredde","gloss":"workers' cottages"},{"surface":"omgivna","lemma":"omgiven","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying arbetarbostäder","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trädgårdstäppor","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"trädgårdstäppor","lemma":"trädgårdstäppa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of omgivna","gloss":"garden plots"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dalen","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with trädgårdstäppor","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skolhusen","gloss":"lay","note":"Mislabeled as an adjective; lågo is the archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie/be situated\")."},{"surface":"skolhusen","lemma":"skolhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with trädgårdstäppor","gloss":"schoolhouses"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s6","source":"Just som vildgässen kommo farande, ringde en klocka, och en mängd barn marscherade ut led vid led.","translation":"Just as the wild geese came flying, a bell rang, and a crowd of children marched out, rank by rank.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Just","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"farande","lemma":"farande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"flying/traveling"},{"surface":"ringde","lemma":"ringa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to kommo","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klocka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klocka","lemma":"klocka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ringde","gloss":"bell"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies barn","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"barn","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of marscherade","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"marscherade","lemma":"marschera","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to kommo","gloss":"marched"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies marscherade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of marscherade","gloss":"rank","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking led","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"led","lemma":"led","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of marscherade","gloss":"rank","note":"Second example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here."}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s7","source":"De voro så många, att hela skolgården fylldes av dem.","translation":"There were so many of them that the whole schoolyard was filled with them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"mången","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fylldes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skolgården","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"skolgården","lemma":"skolgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive fylldes","gloss":"the schoolyard"},{"surface":"fylldes","lemma":"fyll","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"agent of fylldes","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s8","source":"»Vart ska ni fara? Vart ska ni fara?» ropade barnen, när de hörde vildgässen.","translation":"“Where are you going? Where are you going?” the children cried when they heard the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ropade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s9","source":"— »Dit, där det varken finns böcker eller läxor,» svarade pojken.","translation":"“To where there are neither books nor homework,” answered the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"relative clause on Dit","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"böcker","lemma":"bok","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"books","note":"Two distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"läxor","lemma":"läxor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with böcker","gloss":"homework"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with finns","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s10","source":"— »Ta oss med!» skreko barnen.","translation":"“Take us along!” cried the children.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ta oss med","title":"«ta med» — the particle verb 'to take along'","body":"«ta … med» ('take along') is a particle verb: the particle «med» ('along, with') can separate from «ta» the way it does here — «Ta oss med» literally 'take us along' — rather than staying fused to it as in a single English verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Ta","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Ta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of »","gloss":"cried out","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural)."},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of skreko","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s11","source":"»Ta oss med!»","translation":"“Take us along!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Ta","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Ta","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s12","source":"— »Inte i år, men till året,» ropade pojken.","translation":"“Not this year, but by next year,” the boy called.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies året","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Inte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking året","gloss":"by next year"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ch18-ch18-p14-s13","source":"»Inte i år, men till året.»","translation":"“Not this year, but by next year.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies »","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies »","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking året","gloss":"by next year"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"year"}]}]}