{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch21","title":{"source":"Vadmalsvåden","translated":"The Homespun Cloth"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch21","lines":77},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch20","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch22","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch21-p1-s1","source":"Pojken for fram högt uppe i luften.","translation":"The boy flew along high up in the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies Pojken","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Pojken","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Pojken","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch21-p1-s2","source":"Han hade den stora Östgötaslätten under sig och satt och räknade de många vita kyrkorna, som höjde sig ur små träddungar.","translation":"He had the great Östergötland plain beneath him, and sat counting the many white churches that rose up out of small stands of trees.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Östgötaslätten","title":"The Östergötland plain","body":"«Östgötaslätten» = «Östergötland» (the province) + «slätten» (the plain, definite). This is the great flat farming country of eastern Sweden — the geography this chapter is named for."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"satt och räknade","title":"«sitta och» + verb: durative action","body":"«Satt och räknade» literally 'sat and counted' uses the pseudo-coordination «sitta och + verb» to mark an ongoing, unhurried action — like English 'sat there counting'. It's a very common colloquial-literary way to express aspect in Swedish, alongside «hålla på och», «gå och», «stå och»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Östgötaslätten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Östgötaslätten","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"Östgötaslätten","lemma":"Östgötaslätten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"the Östergötland plain"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"räknade","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kyrkorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kyrkorna","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kyrkorna","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"kyrkorna","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of räknade","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of höjde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"höjde","lemma":"höja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höjde","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies träddungar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"träddungar","lemma":"träddung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"stands of trees"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch21-p1-s3","source":"Det dröjde inte länge, förrän han hade hunnit till femtio.","translation":"It was not long before he had reached fifty.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dröjde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dröjde","lemma":"dröj","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was long in coming","note":"Idiomatic: \"det dröjde inte länge\" = \"it was not long before.\""},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hunnit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hunnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hunnit","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on dröjde","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hunnit","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"femtio","lemma":"femtio","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"direct object of hunnit","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch21-p1-s4","source":"Sedan blev han förvillad och kunde inte hålla ordning på räkningen.","translation":"After that he grew confused and could not keep the count in order.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förvillad","lemma":"förvilla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"confused"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"to keep in order"},{"surface":"ordning","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"track"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking räkningen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"räkningen","lemma":"räkning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"count"}]},{"number":5,"label":"2","id":"ch21-p2-s1","source":"De allra flesta gårdarna voro bebyggda med stora, vitmålade tvåvåningshus, som sågo så ståtliga ut, att pojken inte kunde låta bli att förundra sig över dem.","translation":"The very great majority of the farms were built up with large, white-painted two-story houses, which looked so stately that the boy could not help marveling at them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural verb: «voro»","body":"«Voro» is the old plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'), used when the subject was plural — here «gårdarna voro». Standard Swedish dropped plural verb agreement early in the 20th century; modern Swedish would simply say «var» regardless of number. Lagerlöf's 1906 prose still uses these older plural forms throughout (also «äro», «höllo», «gingo», «blevo»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gårdarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flesta","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"flesta","lemma":"mången","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural, superlative","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on gårdarna","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"bebyggda","lemma":"bebyggda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"built up"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tvåvåningshus","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tvåvåningshus","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"vitmålade","lemma":"vitmålad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"white-painted"},{"surface":"tvåvåningshus","lemma":"tvåvåningshus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"two-story houses"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tvåvåningshus","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ståtliga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ståtliga","lemma":"ståtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with sågo","gloss":"stately"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sågo","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on gårdarna","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förundra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förundra","lemma":"förundra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"marvel"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of förundra","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of förundra","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch21-p2-s2","source":"»Det måtte inte bo några bönder här i landet,» sade han för sig själv, »eftersom jag inte ser några bondgårdar.»","translation":"\"There can't be any farmers living in this country,\" he said to himself, \"since I don't see any farmhouses.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"måtte","title":"«måtte»: must be / might be","body":"«Måtte» is a modal past form of «må», expressing a strong inference — 'there can't be' / 'there must not be'. It's still used today mainly in fixed expressions and wishes (\"måtte det gå bra\" = 'may it go well'), giving the boy's private remark an old-fashioned, deliberate ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bönder","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"bönder","lemma":"bönd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bo","gloss":"farmers"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of här","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bo","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bondgårdar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"bondgårdar","lemma":"bondgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ser","gloss":"farms"}]},{"number":7,"label":"3","id":"ch21-p3-s1","source":"Då skreko genast alla vildgässen: »Här bor bönderna som herrskap.","translation":"Then all the wild geese at once screeched: \"Here the farmers live like gentry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"skreko","title":"Archaic plural: «skreko»","body":"«Skreko» is the old plural preterite of «skrika» ('to scream, screech'), matched to the plural subject «alla vildgässen». Modern Swedish would just use the singular-form «skrek» for any subject. This chapter is full of these vanished plural endings — a marker of the book's 1906 register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skreko","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skreko","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vildgässen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skreko","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of herrskap","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"herrskap","lemma":"herrskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bor","gloss":"gentlefolk"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch21-p3-s2","source":"Här bor bönderna som herrskap.»","translation":"Here the farmers live like gentry.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of herrskap","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"herrskap","lemma":"herrskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bor","gloss":"gentlefolk"}]},{"number":9,"label":"4","id":"ch21-p4-s1","source":"På slätten voro is och snö försvunna, och vårarbetet hade börjat.","translation":"On the plain the ice and snow had vanished, and the spring work had begun.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of försvunna","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"depends on is","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slätten","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snö","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with is","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"försvunna","lemma":"försvunna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vårarbetet","lemma":"vårarbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of börjat","gloss":"the spring work"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of börjat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"börjat","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with försvunna","gloss":"begun"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch21-p4-s2","source":"»Vad är det för långa kräftor, som kryper fram över åkrarna?» frågade pojken om en stund.","translation":"\"What are those long crayfish that go crawling over the fields?\" the boy asked after a while.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kräftor","gloss":"sort of"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kräftor","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"kräftor","lemma":"kräftor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of Vad","gloss":"crayfish"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kryper","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kryper","lemma":"krypa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on Vad","gloss":"creeps"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kryper","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkrarna","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"åkrarna","lemma":"åkr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch21-p4-s3","source":"— »Plogar och oxar.","translation":"\"—Plows and oxen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plogar","lemma":"plogar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"plows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oxar","lemma":"oxe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Plogar","gloss":"oxen"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch21-p4-s4","source":"Plogar och oxar,» svarade alla vildgässen.","translation":"Plows and oxen,\" answered all the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plogar","lemma":"plogar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"plows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oxar","lemma":"oxe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Plogar","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vildgässen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."}]},{"number":13,"label":"5","id":"ch21-p5-s1","source":"Oxarna rörde sig så långsamt på åkrarna, att det inte kunde märkas, att de flyttade sig, och gässen ropade till dem: »Ni kommer inte fram förrän nästa år.","translation":"The oxen moved so slowly across the fields that one could not tell they were moving at all, and the geese called out to them: \"You won't get anywhere before next year.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"flyttade sig","title":"Reflexive «sig»","body":"«Flyttade sig» = 'moved (itself)'. Swedish marks that the subject and object of the action are the same with the reflexive pronoun «sig» (third person, any gender/number). Without it, «flyttade» alone would need a stated object — 'moved something'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Oxarna","lemma":"Ox","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"the oxen"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsamt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rörde","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkrarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"åkrarna","lemma":"åkr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of rörde","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with märkas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies märkas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of märkas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"märkas","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of rörde","gloss":"be noticed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flyttade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flyttade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"flyttade","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märkas","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of flyttade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rörde","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fram","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fram","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies »","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nästa","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies år","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch21-p5-s2","source":"Ni kommer inte fram förrän nästa år.»","translation":"You won't get anywhere before next year.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommer","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nästa","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies år","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"år","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch21-p5-s3","source":"Men oxarna blevo inte svaret skyldiga.","translation":"But the oxen were not at a loss for an answer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"oxarna","lemma":"ox","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"svaret","lemma":"svar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skyldiga","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"skyldiga","lemma":"skyldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"owing","note":"In the idiom inte bli svaret skyldig, it means not to be at a loss for an answer."}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch21-p5-s4","source":"De lyfte mularna i vädret och bölade: »Vi gör mer nytta på en timme än sådana som ni i hela ert liv.»","translation":"They lifted their muzzles into the air and bellowed: \"We do more good in one hour than the likes of you do in your whole life.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of mularna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mularna","gloss":"lifted","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'lyfte' is the past tense of the verb 'lyfta' (to lift)."},{"surface":"mularna","lemma":"mul","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"muzzles"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vädret","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"vädret","lemma":"vädre","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies mularna","gloss":"the air"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bölade","lemma":"böla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with mularna","gloss":"bellowed"},{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies nytta","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"nytta","lemma":"nytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timme","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of timme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"timme","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gör","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sådana","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"clause modifying timme","gloss":"such","note":"Colloquial/old plural of sådan ('such')."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of liv","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of som","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liv","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ert","lemma":"ert","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of liv","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to timme","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":17,"label":"6","id":"ch21-p6-s1","source":"På några ställen drogos plogarna av hästar.","translation":"In some places the plows were drawn by horses.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"drogos","title":"S-passive: «drogos»","body":"«Drogos» is the passive of «drog» ('pulled'), formed with an -s ending: 'were pulled'. Swedish routinely makes a passive this way instead of using a helping verb + participle («blevo dragna»), which is why «plogarna drogos av hästar» reads as compactly as 'the plows were-pulled by horses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ställen","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of drogos","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"drogos","lemma":"drogos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were drawn"},{"surface":"plogarna","lemma":"plog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive drogos","gloss":"plows"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hästar","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hästar","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies plogarna","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch21-p6-s2","source":"Dessa gingo fram med mycket större iver och hast än oxarna, men gässen kunde inte låta bli att retas med dem heller.","translation":"These went forward with much greater eagerness and haste than the oxen, but the geese could not help teasing them too.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gingo","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iver","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"större","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies iver","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"iver","lemma":"iv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"eagerness"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hast","lemma":"hast","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with iver","gloss":"haste"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of oxarna","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"oxarna","lemma":"ox","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of retas","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"retas","lemma":"reta","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"to tease"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of retas","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies retas","gloss":"either"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch21-p6-s3","source":"»Skäms ni inte att sköta oxgöra?» ropade de till hästarna.","translation":"\"Aren't you ashamed to be doing an ox's work?\" they called to the horses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skäms","lemma":"skäms","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"are ashamed","note":"Present tense of the reflexive verb 'skämmas' in 'skäms ni inte' ('aren't you ashamed'); mistagged as an adverb."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Skäms","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Skäms","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sköta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sköta","lemma":"sköta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on Skäms","gloss":"to tend to"},{"surface":"oxgöra","lemma":"oxgöra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sköta","gloss":"ox's work"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hästarna","gloss":"to the horses"},{"surface":"hästarna","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch21-p6-s4","source":"»Skäms ni inte att sköta oxgöra?»","translation":"\"Aren't you ashamed to be doing an ox's work?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skäms","lemma":"skäms","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"are ashamed","note":"Present tense of the reflexive verb 'skämmas' in 'skäms ni inte' ('aren't you ashamed'); mistagged as an adverb."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Skäms","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Skäms","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sköta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sköta","lemma":"sköta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on Skäms","gloss":"to tend to"},{"surface":"oxgöra","lemma":"oxgöra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sköta","gloss":"ox's work"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch21-p6-s5","source":"— »Skäms ni inte själva att sköta latmansgöra?» gnäggade hästarna tillbaka.","translation":"\"—Aren't you yourselves ashamed to be doing a lazybones' work?\" the horses neighed back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skäms","lemma":"skäms","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"are ashamed","note":"Present tense of the reflexive verb 'skämmas' in 'skäms ni inte' ('aren't you ashamed'); mistagged as an adverb."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Skäms","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Skäms","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies Skäms","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sköta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sköta","lemma":"sköta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying Skäms","gloss":"to tend to"},{"surface":"latmansgöra","lemma":"latmansgöra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sköta","gloss":"lazybones' work"},{"surface":"gnäggade","lemma":"gnägga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"neighed"},{"surface":"hästarna","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gnäggade","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gnäggade","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":22,"label":"7","id":"ch21-p7-s1","source":"Medan hästar och oxar voro ute på arbete, gick stallgumsen omkring hemma på gårdsplanen.","translation":"While the horses and oxen were out at work, the barnyard ram went strutting about at home in the farmyard.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gumsen","title":"«gumse»: a ram","body":"«Gumse» is a farm word for a ram (male sheep), here with the definite suffix «-en»: «stallgumsen» = 'the barnyard ram'. It's exactly this kind of everyday farm and animal vocabulary — «gumse», «oxgöra», «latmansgöra» — that gives the chapter its rural texture."}],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"hästar","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oxar","lemma":"oxe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hästar","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"adverbial clause on gick","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbete","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ute","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"stallgumsen","lemma":"stallgumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the barnyard ram"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hemma","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdsplanen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gårdsplanen","lemma":"gårdsplan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch21-p7-s2","source":"Han var nyklippt och lättrörlig, knuffade omkull småpojkarna, körde in bandhunden i hans koja och gick sedan och stoltserade, som om han vore ensam herre på gården.","translation":"He was newly shorn and nimble, knocked the little boys over, drove the chained dog into his kennel, and then went about strutting as though he were the sole master of the farm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nyklippt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nyklippt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nyklippt","lemma":"nyklippt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"newly shorn"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lättrörlig","lemma":"lättrörlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with nyklippt","gloss":"nimble"},{"surface":"knuffade","lemma":"knuffa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with nyklippt","gloss":"shoved"},{"surface":"omkull","lemma":"omkull","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on knuffade","gloss":"over","note":"Used with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'."},{"surface":"småpojkarna","lemma":"småpojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of knuffade","gloss":"the little boys"},{"surface":"körde","lemma":"köra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with nyklippt","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on körde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"bandhunden","lemma":"bandhund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of körde","gloss":"watchdog","note":"Literally \"chain-dog\", a dog kept tied up."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koja","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of koja","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"koja","lemma":"koja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of körde","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with körde","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stoltserade","lemma":"stoltserad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"strutted"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of herre","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of herre","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of herre","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to herre","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"ensam","lemma":"ensam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies herre","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"herre","lemma":"herre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on stoltserade","gloss":"master","note":"Capitalized Herre in 'Vår Herre' means 'Our Lord'; lower-case herre elsewhere means 'gentleman/master'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of herre","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch21-p7-s3","source":"»Gumse, gumse, var har du gjort av din ull?» frågade vildgässen, som foro förbi uppe i luften.","translation":"\"Ram, ram, what have you done with your wool?\" asked the wild geese, who were flying past up in the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gumse","lemma":"Gumse","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"gumse","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gumse","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ull","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"din","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of ull","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ull","lemma":"ull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"wool"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of foro","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of frågade","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förbi","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch21-p7-s4","source":"— »Den har jag skickat till Drags fabriker i Norrköping,» svarade gumsen med ett långt bräkande.","translation":"\"—I've sent it to Drag's mills in Norrköping,\" answered the ram with a long bleat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skickat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skickat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skickat","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"skickat","lemma":"skickada","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fabriker","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Drags","lemma":"Drag","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of fabriker","gloss":"Drag's"},{"surface":"fabriker","lemma":"fabrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skickat","gloss":"factories"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Norrköping","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Norrköping","lemma":"Norrköping","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies fabriker","gloss":"Norrköping"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skickat","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the ram","note":"gumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bräkande","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bräkande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bräkande","gloss":"long","note":"Both examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance)."},{"surface":"bräkande","lemma":"bräkande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"oblique complement of svarade","gloss":"bleat"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch21-p7-s5","source":"— »Gumse, gumse, var har du gjort av dina horn?» frågade gässen.","translation":"\"—Ram, ram, what have you done with your horns?\" asked the geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gumse","lemma":"Gumse","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"gumse","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gumse","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on Gumse","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horn","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dina","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of horn","gloss":"your","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"dina\" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du."},{"surface":"horn","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch21-p7-s6","source":"Men några horn hade gumsen till sin stora sorg aldrig haft, och man kunde inte göra honom värre förtret än att fråga efter dem.","translation":"But horns were something the ram, to his great sorrow, had never had, and one could not vex him worse than by asking after them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of horn","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"horn","lemma":"horn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gumsen","lemma":"gumse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sorg","gloss":"to his sorrow"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of sorg","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sorg","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"sorg","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on sorg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"värre","lemma":"värre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies förtret","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"förtret","lemma":"förtr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"vexation","note":"Lemma is a truncated form of 'förtret' (vexation/trouble)."},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fråga","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fråga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fråga","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying förtret","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fråga","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch21-p7-s7","source":"Han sprang omkring en lång stund och stångade i luften, så ond blev han.","translation":"He ran around for a long while, butting at the air, he grew so angry.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sprang","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stångade","lemma":"stånga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sprang","gloss":"butted"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stångade","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blev","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ond","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"depends on blev","gloss":"angry","note":"ond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere."},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sprang","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":29,"label":"8","id":"ch21-p8-s1","source":"På landsvägen kom en man, som drev framför sig en flock skånska grisar, som inte voro mer än några veckor gamla och skulle säljas uppåt landet.","translation":"Along the highway came a man driving before him a flock of Skåne pigs that were no more than a few weeks old and were to be sold farther up the country.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"skånska","title":"«skånska»: from Skåne","body":"«Skånska» means 'of/from Skåne', Sweden's southernmost province and its richest farmland — a fitting origin for pigs being driven north to market, and one more of the book's many landskap (province) references."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsvägen","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"landsvägen","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"highway"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of man","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of drev","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"drev","lemma":"dreva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on man","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on drev","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase framför","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flock","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"flock","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies grisar","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"skånska","lemma":"skånsk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies grisar","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"grisar","lemma":"gris","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of drev","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on grisar","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gamla","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking veckor","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of veckor","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"veckor","lemma":"vecka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gamla","gloss":"weeks"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying grisar","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of säljas","gloss":"was to"},{"surface":"säljas","lemma":"sälja","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"coordinated with drev","gloss":"to be sold"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of säljas","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch21-p8-s2","source":"De traskade på tappert, så små de voro, och höllo sig tätt intill varandra liksom för att få skydd.","translation":"They trudged bravely on, small as they were, and kept close together as if to shelter one another.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"Archaic plural: «höllo»","body":"«Höllo» is the old plural preterite of «hålla» ('to hold'), agreeing with the plural subject «de» (the piglets). Modern Swedish would use the invariant «höll» here regardless of number — another of this chapter's period plural forms (with «voro», «gingo», «blevo», «fingo»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of traskade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"traskade","lemma":"traska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on små","gloss":"trudged"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tappert","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"tappert","lemma":"tappert","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of traskade","gloss":"bravely"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on små","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of små","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with små","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höllo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höllo","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"intill","lemma":"intill","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"next to"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of höllo","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"find shelter"},{"surface":"skydd","lemma":"skydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"shelter"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch21-p8-s3","source":"»Nöff, nöff, nöff, vi har kommit för tidigt från far och mor.","translation":"\"Oink, oink, oink, we've come too soon from father and mother.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nöff","lemma":"Nöff","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oink"},{"surface":"nöff","lemma":"nöff","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with Nöff","gloss":"oink","note":"Onomatopoeic pig sound, not a true verb form."},{"surface":"nöff","lemma":"nöff","morphology":"interjection","role":"coordinated with Nöff","gloss":"oink"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to Nöff","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies tidigt","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"tidigt","lemma":"tidig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"early","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking far","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with far","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch21-p8-s4","source":"Nöff, nöff, nöff, hur ska det gå med oss fattiga barn?» sade smågrisarna.","translation":"Oink, oink, oink, what's to become of us poor children?\" said the little pigs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nöff","lemma":"Nöff","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oink"},{"surface":"nöff","lemma":"nöff","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with Nöff","gloss":"oink","note":"Onomatopoeic pig sound, not a true verb form."},{"surface":"nöff","lemma":"nöff","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with Nöff","gloss":"oink","note":"Onomatopoeic pig sound, not a true verb form."},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to Nöff","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gå","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"determiner of barn","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"fattiga","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies barn","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"barn","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of gå","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"saa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said","note":"lemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms."},{"surface":"smågrisarna","lemma":"smågrisarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"the little pigs"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch21-p8-s5","source":"Inte en gång vildgässen hade hjärta att föra spektakel med sådana små stackare.","translation":"Not even the wild geese had the heart to make sport of such little wretches.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vildgässen","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hjärta","lemma":"hjärta","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of föra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"föra","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"make sport"},{"surface":"spektakel","lemma":"spektakel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of föra","gloss":"sport"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stackare","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stackare","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stackare","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stackare","lemma":"stackare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of föra","gloss":"poor wretches"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch21-p8-s6","source":"»Det blir bättre för er, än ni nånsin kan tro,» ropade de, när de foro förbi dem.","translation":"\"It will turn out better for you than you can ever imagine,\" they called, as they flew past them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blir","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"nånsin","lemma":"nånsin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blir","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to blir","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förbi","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase när","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on ropade","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of förbi","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":35,"label":"9","id":"ch21-p9-s1","source":"Vildgässen voro aldrig i så gott humör, som när de fingo fara fram över en slättbygd.","translation":"The wild geese were never in such good humor as when they got to travel over a plains country.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fingo","title":"Archaic plural: «fingo»","body":"«Fingo» is the old plural preterite of «få» ('to get/be allowed to'), matched to «de» (the geese). Modern Swedish uses «fick» for all numbers; the -o plural ending here is the same fossil pattern as «voro», «gingo», and «blevo» elsewhere in the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle."},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies aldrig","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"humör","lemma":"humör","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"good humor"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking fara","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"got","note":"Mistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få (\"got/were given\")."},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of voro","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slättbygd","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of slättbygd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"slättbygd","lemma":"slättbygd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"plains country"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch21-p9-s2","source":"Då gjorde de sig ingen brådska, utan flögo från gård till gård och skämtade med tamdjuren.","translation":"Then they were in no hurry at all, but flew from farm to farm joking with the tame animals.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gjorde de sig","title":"Reflexive idiom: «göra sig brådska»","body":"«Göra sig brådska» literally 'make oneself haste' is a reflexive idiom for 'to hurry'; negated here, «gjorde de sig ingen brådska» = 'they did not hurry themselves' = 'they were in no hurry'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of brådska","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"brådska","lemma":"brådska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"haste"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gjorde","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skämtade","lemma":"skämta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"joked"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tamdjuren","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tamdjuren","lemma":"tamdjur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skämtade","gloss":"tame animals"}]},{"number":37,"label":"10","id":"ch21-p10-s1","source":"Medan pojken red fram över slätten, kom han att tänka på en saga, som han hade hört någon gång för längesedan.","translation":"As the boy rode along over the plain, he came to think of a tale he had once heard long ago.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies red","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"red","lemma":"red","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase Medan","gloss":"rode"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies red","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saga","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of saga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saga","lemma":"saga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänka","gloss":"tale"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on saga","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking längesedan","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"längesedan","lemma":"längesedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on hört","gloss":"long ago"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch21-p10-s2","source":"Han mindes den inte riktigt, men det var något om en kjortel, som till hälften var sömmad av guldvävd sammet och till hälften av grå vadmal.","translation":"He did not remember it properly, but it was something about a tunic that was half sewn of gold-woven velvet and half of gray homespun wool.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vadmal","title":"«vadmal»: homespun wool","body":"«Vadmal» is coarse, home-woven woolen cloth — the plain, humble fabric that gives this chapter its title, «Vadmalsvåden» ('the homespun cloth/web'). The remembered folktale sets it against gold-woven velvet, and the chapter goes on to read Östergötland itself the same way: a plain, gray plain dressed up with jewel-like towns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive mindes","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mindes","lemma":"min","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive mindes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies riktigt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies mindes","gloss":"properly"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to något","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with mindes","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase något","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kjortel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kjortel","lemma":"kjortel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of något","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sömmad","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hälften","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"hälften","lemma":"hälft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sömmad","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sömmad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sömmad","lemma":"sömmad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on kjortel","gloss":"sewn"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guldvävd","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"guldvävd","lemma":"guldvävd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sömmad","gloss":"gold-woven"},{"surface":"sammet","lemma":"sammet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sömmad","gloss":"velvet"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hälften","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"hälften","lemma":"hälft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sammet","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vadmal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"grå","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vadmal","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"vadmal","lemma":"vadmal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hälften","gloss":"homespun cloth"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch21-p10-s3","source":"Men den, som ägde kjorteln, prydde vadmalsvåden med så mycket pärlor och ädla stenar, att den lyste skönare och dyrbarare än gyllentyget.","translation":"But the one who owned the tunic adorned the homespun cloth with so many pearls and precious stones that it shone finer and more costly than the cloth of gold.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of prydde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ägde","lemma":"ägde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"kjorteln","lemma":"kjortel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ägde","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"prydde","lemma":"prydde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"adorned"},{"surface":"vadmalsvåden","lemma":"vadmalsvåd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of prydde","gloss":"homespun cloth"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pärlor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pärlor","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"pärlor","lemma":"pärla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of prydde","gloss":"pearls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ädla","lemma":"ädla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with pärlor","gloss":"noble","note":"Mistagged as a verb; ädla is the plural form of the adjective ädel (\"noble\")."},{"surface":"stenar","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with pärlor","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skönare","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lyste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lys","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skönare","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"skönare","lemma":"skönare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of prydde","gloss":"more beautifully"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dyrbarare","lemma":"dyrbarare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with skönare","gloss":"more costly"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gyllentyget","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"gyllentyget","lemma":"gyllentyge","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with skönare","gloss":"the cloth of gold"}]},{"number":40,"label":"11","id":"ch21-p11-s1","source":"Han kom ihåg det där om vadmalsvåden, när han såg ner på Östergötland, därför att det bestod av en stor slätt, som låg inklämd mellan två bergiga skogstrakter, en i norr och en i söder.","translation":"He remembered that about the homespun cloth when he looked down on Östergötland, because it consisted of one great plain wedged between two hilly forest tracts, one to the north and one to the south.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Östergötland","title":"Östergötland: a landskap of Sweden","body":"Östergötland ('East Gothland') is one of Sweden's traditional landskap (historic provinces), a broad farming plain between forested highlands to north and south — exactly the shape the boy is describing here, and the setting for this whole chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vadmalsvåden","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vadmalsvåden","lemma":"vadmalsvåd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"homespun cloth"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vadmalsvåden","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östergötland","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Östergötland","lemma":"Östergötland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"Östergötland"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of bestod","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bestod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of slätt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slätt","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"slätt","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bestod","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bestod","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"inklämd","lemma":"inklämd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with bestod","gloss":"wedged","note":"Mistagged as noun; it is the past participle of 'klämma in' (to wedge/jam in), used adjectivally."},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogstrakter","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies skogstrakter","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"bergiga","lemma":"bergig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skogstrakter","gloss":"hilly"},{"surface":"skogstrakter","lemma":"skogstrakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of inklämd","gloss":"forest tracts"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to skogstrakter","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies en","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with en","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies skogstrakter","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"south"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch21-p11-s2","source":"De båda skogshöjderna lågo vackert blåa och skimrade i morgonljuset, som om de vore täckta med guldslöjor, och slätten, som bara bredde ut den ena vinternakna åkern efter den andra, var i och för sig inte vackrare att se på än grå vadmal.","translation":"The two forest ridges lay beautifully blue and shimmered in the morning light, as though they were covered with veils of gold, while the plain, which only spread out one winter-bare field after another, was in itself no more beautiful to look at than gray homespun.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skogshöjderna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"båda","lemma":"båda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skogshöjderna","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"skogshöjderna","lemma":"skogshöjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lågo","gloss":"the forest ridges"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blåa","gloss":"beautifully"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skimrade","lemma":"skimra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blåa","gloss":"shimmered"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morgonljuset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"morgonljuset","lemma":"morgonljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skimrade","gloss":"morning light"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of täckta","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of täckta","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of täckta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to täckta","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"täckta","lemma":"täckt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guldslöjor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"guldslöjor","lemma":"guldslöja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of täckta","gloss":"veils of gold"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with guldslöjor","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bredde","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bredde","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"bredde","lemma":"breddema","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on slätten","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bredde","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vinternakna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vinternakna","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vinternakna","lemma":"vinternakna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"winter-bare"},{"surface":"åkern","lemma":"åker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of bredde","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"copula linking to vackrare","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies vackrare","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"in itself"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vackrare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vackrare","lemma":"vackr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"parallel clause to lågo","gloss":"more beautiful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vackrare","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vadmal","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"grå","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vadmal","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"vadmal","lemma":"vadmal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"homespun cloth"}]},{"number":42,"label":"12","id":"ch21-p12-s1","source":"Men människorna hade nog trivts väl på slätten, därför att den var givmild och god, och de hade försökt att pryda den på bästa sätt.","translation":"But the people must have thrived well on the plain, because it was generous and good, and they had tried to adorn it in the best way.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of trivts","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of trivts","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trivts","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"trivts","lemma":"trivts","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thrived"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trivts","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of trivts","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of givmild","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of givmild","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to givmild","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"givmild","lemma":"givmild","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on trivts","gloss":"generous"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with givmild","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of försökt","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försökt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"försökt","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with givmild","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of pryda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"pryda","lemma":"pryda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of försökt","gloss":"adorn"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of pryda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies sätt","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of pryda","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch21-p12-s2","source":"Där pojken for fram högt uppe, tyckte han, att städer och gårdar, kyrkor och fabriker, slott och järnvägsstationer voro utsållade över den som små och stora smycken.","translation":"As the boy traveled along high above, it seemed to him that towns and farms, churches and factories, manor houses and railway stations were scattered over it like small and large jewels.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of högt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"traveled","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies högt","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of städer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"städer","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gårdar","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with städer","gloss":"farms"},{"surface":"kyrkor","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with städer","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fabriker","lemma":"fabrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with städer","gloss":"factories"},{"surface":"slott","lemma":"slott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with städer","gloss":"manor houses"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"järnvägsstationer","lemma":"järnvägsstation","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with städer","gloss":"railway stations"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on tyckte","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"utsållade","lemma":"utsålla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utsållade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of smycken","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies smycken","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with små","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"smycken","lemma":"smycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"complement of utsållade","gloss":"jewels"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch21-p12-s3","source":"Det blänkte i tegeltaken, och fönsterrutorna lyste som juveler.","translation":"The tiled roofs gleamed, and the windowpanes shone like jewels.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of blänkte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blänkte","lemma":"blänkte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gleamed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tegeltaken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"tegeltaken","lemma":"tegeltak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blänkte","gloss":"the tiled roofs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fönsterrutorna","lemma":"fönsterrutorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of lyste","gloss":"the windowpanes"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lyste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blänkte","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of juveler","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"juveler","lemma":"juveler","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of lyste","gloss":"jewels"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch21-p12-s4","source":"Gula landsvägar, blanka järnvägsskenor och blåa kanaler löpte fram mellan orterna som silkesydda slingor.","translation":"Yellow highways, shining railway rails, and blue canals ran between the places like silk-embroidered ribbons.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gula","lemma":"Gula","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of landsvägar","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"landsvägar","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of löpte","gloss":"highways"},{"surface":"blanka","lemma":"blank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies järnvägsskenor","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"järnvägsskenor","lemma":"järnvägsskena","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with landsvägar","gloss":"railway rails"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blåa","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kanaler","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"kanaler","lemma":"kanal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with järnvägsskenor","gloss":"canals"},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpte","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on löpte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orterna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"orterna","lemma":"orterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the places"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slingor","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"silkesydda","lemma":"silkesydd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slingor","gloss":"silk-embroidered"},{"surface":"slingor","lemma":"slinga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clause modifying orterna","gloss":"ribbons"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch21-p12-s5","source":"Linköping låg kring sin domkyrka som en pärlinfattning kring en dyrbar sten, och gårdarna på landet voro som små bröstnålar och knappar.","translation":"Linköping lay around its cathedral like a pearl setting around a precious stone, and the farms in the countryside were like little brooches and buttons.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Linköping","title":"Linköping","body":"Linköping is Östergötland's cathedral city (its «domkyrka» dates back to the Middle Ages) and historic capital, the natural jewel at the center of the plain in the boy's eye."}],"words":[{"surface":"Linköping","lemma":"Linköping","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"Linköping","note":"City in Östergötland."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"kring","lemma":"kring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking domkyrka","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of domkyrka","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"domkyrka","lemma":"domkyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"cathedral"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pärlinfattning","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of pärlinfattning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pärlinfattning","lemma":"pärlinfattning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"pearl setting"},{"surface":"kring","lemma":"kring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dyrbar","lemma":"dyrbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sten","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies pärlinfattning","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"were","note":"Old plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of bröstnålar","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bröstnålar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"bröstnålar","lemma":"bröstnål","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of voro","gloss":"brooches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"knappar","lemma":"knapp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bröstnålar","gloss":"buttons"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch21-p12-s6","source":"Det var inte mycken reda i mönstret, men det var en prakt, som man aldrig kunde tröttna att se på.","translation":"There was not much order in the pattern, but it was a splendor one could never tire of looking at.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of mycken","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to mycken","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies mycken","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycken","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mönstret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mönstret","lemma":"mönster","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of mycken","gloss":"pattern"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of prakt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to prakt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of prakt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prakt","lemma":"prakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mycken","gloss":"splendor"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tröttna","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tröttna","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tröttna","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tröttna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tröttna","lemma":"tröttna","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on prakt","gloss":"tire"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tröttna","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"at"}]},{"number":48,"label":"13","id":"ch21-p13-s1","source":"Gässen hade lämnat Ombergstrakten och foro mot öster utefter Göta kanal.","translation":"The geese had left the Omberg district and were flying eastward along the Göta Canal.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gässen","lemma":"Gässen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lämnat","gloss":"the geese"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Ombergstrakten","lemma":"Ombergstrakten","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"the Omberg district"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Ombergstrakten","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öster","gloss":"eastward"},{"surface":"öster","lemma":"öster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lämnat","gloss":"east"},{"surface":"utefter","lemma":"utefter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Göta","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"Göta","lemma":"Göta","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of kanal","gloss":"Göta","note":"Part of place names Göta kanal / Göta älv."},{"surface":"kanal","lemma":"kanal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"canal"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch21-p13-s2","source":"Den höll också på att göra sig i ordning för sommaren.","translation":"It too was busy getting itself ready for summer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was busy"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"ordning","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommaren","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sommaren","lemma":"sommar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"summer"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch21-p13-s3","source":"Arbetare gingo och lagade kanalbankarna och tjärbeströko de stora slussportarna.","translation":"Workers went about repairing the canal banks and tarring the great lock gates.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arbetare","lemma":"arbetare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"workers"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lagade","lemma":"laga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"repairing","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; covers two distinct past participles, 'lagda' (laid, from 'lägga') and 'lagade' (repaired, from 'laga')."},{"surface":"kanalbankarna","lemma":"kanalbank","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gingo","gloss":"the canal banks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tjärbeströko","lemma":"tjärbeströko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with kanalbankarna","gloss":"tarred"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of slussportarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slussportarna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"slussportarna","lemma":"slussport","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gingo","gloss":"the lock gates"}]},{"number":51,"label":"14","id":"ch21-p14-s1","source":"Ja, det arbetades överallt för att kunna ta väl emot våren, också i städerna.","translation":"Yes, work was going on everywhere so as to give spring a proper welcome, in the towns too.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on arbetades","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive arbetades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"arbetades","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"work was done"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on arbetades","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"so as to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on arbetades","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"properly"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies städerna","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking städerna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"städerna","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of arbetades","gloss":"towns"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch21-p14-s2","source":"Där stodo målare och murare på ställningar utanför husen och gjorde dem fina, tjänstflickorna hade stigit upp i de öppna fönstren och tvättade rutorna.","translation":"There painters and masons stood on scaffolding outside the houses making them fine, and the maidservants had climbed up into the open windows and were washing the panes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodao","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood","note":"Stodo is the historical plural past form of stå, ‘to stand’."},{"surface":"målare","lemma":"målare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"painters"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"murare","lemma":"murare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with målare","gloss":"masons"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställningar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ställningar","lemma":"ställning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies murare","gloss":"scaffolding"},{"surface":"utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking husen","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"husen","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies ställningar","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"fina","lemma":"fin","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gjorde","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"tjänstflickorna","lemma":"tjänstflickorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stigit","gloss":"the maidservants"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stigit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stigit","lemma":"stiga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to stodo","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stigit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönstren","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fönstren","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"öppna","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fönstren","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"fönstren","lemma":"fönstr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of stigit","gloss":"windows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tvättade","lemma":"tvätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stigit","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"rutorna","lemma":"rutorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of tvättade","gloss":"the panes"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch21-p14-s3","source":"Nere vid hamnen putsades segelbåtar och ångfartyg.","translation":"Down at the harbor sailboats and steamships were being polished up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive putsades","gloss":"down","note":"Adverb meaning 'down there/below', tagged as a noun."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hamnen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hamnen","lemma":"hamn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Nere","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"putsades","lemma":"putsade","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were polished"},{"surface":"segelbåtar","lemma":"segelbåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive putsades","gloss":"sailboats"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ångfartyg","lemma":"ångfartyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with segelbåtar","gloss":"steamships"}]},{"number":54,"label":"15","id":"ch21-p15-s1","source":"Vid Norrköping lämnade vildgässen slättbygden och flögo uppåt Kolmården.","translation":"At Norrköping the wild geese left the plains country and flew up toward Kolmården.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kolmården","title":"Kolmården","body":"Kolmården is the wild, forested hill country between Östergötland and Södermanland — the rocky, wooded boundary the flat farmland gives way to as the geese fly north past Norrköping."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Norrköping","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Norrköping","lemma":"Norrköping","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of lämnade","gloss":"Norrköping"},{"surface":"lämnade","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lämnade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"slättbygden","lemma":"slättbygden","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnade","gloss":"the plains country"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lämnade","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"Kolmården","lemma":"kolmård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flögo","gloss":"Kolmården","note":"Proper place name, left untranslated."}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch21-p15-s2","source":"De hade en stund följt längsefter en gammal backig landsväg, som slingrade sig utmed klyftor och gick fram under vilda bergväggar, när pojken plötsligen gav till ett utrop.","translation":"They had for a while been following an old hilly highway that wound along ravines and ran beneath wild rock walls, when the boy suddenly gave a cry.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"följt","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"längsefter","lemma":"längsefter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies landsväg","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of landsväg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies backig","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"backig","lemma":"backig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies landsväg","gloss":"hilly"},{"surface":"landsväg","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följt","gloss":"highway"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of slingrade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"slingrade","lemma":"slingra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landsväg","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slingrade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klyftor","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"klyftor","lemma":"klyftor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slingrade","gloss":"clefts"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slingrade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergväggar","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bergväggar","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"bergväggar","lemma":"bergvägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"rock walls"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gav","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"plötsligen","lemma":"plötsligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gav","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landsväg","gloss":"let out","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking utrop","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of utrop","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"utrop","lemma":"utrop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gav","gloss":"cry/exclamation"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch21-p15-s3","source":"Han hade suttit och svängt foten fram och tillbaka, och den ena träskon hade glidit av honom.","translation":"He had been sitting swinging his foot back and forth, and one of his wooden shoes had slipped off him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svängt","lemma":"svänga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"foten","lemma":"fot","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svängt","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svängt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of träskon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies träskon","gloss":"one of"},{"surface":"träskon","lemma":"träskon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of glidit","gloss":"the clog","note":"This is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glidit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"glidit","lemma":"glida","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of glidit","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":57,"label":"16","id":"ch21-p16-s1","source":"»Gåskarl, gåskarl, jag har tappat min sko!» skrek pojken.","translation":"\"Gander, gander, I've lost my shoe!\" cried the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarl","lemma":"Gåskarl","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gåskarl","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tappat","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tappat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"tappat","lemma":"tappa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to Gåskarl","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of sko","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"sko","lemma":"sko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tappat","gloss":"shoe"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Gåskarl","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":58,"label":"17","id":"ch21-p17-s1","source":"Gåskarlen vände och sänkte sig mot marken, men då såg pojken, att två barn, som hade kommit gående framåt vägen, hade tagit upp hans sko.","translation":"The gander turned and sank down toward the ground, but then the boy saw that two children, who had come walking along the road, had picked up his shoe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarlen","lemma":"Gåskarlen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"the gander"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Really the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänkte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sänkte","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tagit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies barn","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"barn","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gående","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on barn","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"gående","lemma":"gå","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"part of the phrase att","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially."},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gående","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gående","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clause modifying pojken","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tagit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of sko","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sko","lemma":"sko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tagit","gloss":"shoe"}]},{"number":59,"label":"18","id":"ch21-p18-s1","source":"»Gåskarl, gåskarl,» skrek pojken hastigt, »far oppåt igen!","translation":"\"Gander, gander,\" the boy cried quickly, \"fly up again!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gåskarl","lemma":"Gåskarl","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"gåskarl","lemma":"gåskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gåskarl","gloss":"gander"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Gåskarl","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrek","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Gåskarl","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"oppåt","lemma":"oppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Gåskarl","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oppåt","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch21-p18-s2","source":"Det är för sent.","translation":"It's too late.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sent","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sent","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sent","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"sent","lemma":"sen","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"late"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch21-p18-s3","source":"Jag kan inte få igen min sko.»","translation":"I can't get my shoe back.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies få","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on få","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of sko","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"sko","lemma":"sko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"shoe"}]},{"number":62,"label":"19","id":"ch21-p19-s1","source":"Men nere på vägen stodo Åsa gåsapiga och hennes bror, lille Mats, och betraktade en liten träsko, som hade fallit ner från himlen.","translation":"But down on the road stood Åsa the goose-girl and her brother, little Mats, looking at a little wooden shoe that had fallen down from the sky.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gåsapiga","title":"«gåsapiga»: goose-girl","body":"«Gåsapiga» is a compound of «gås» ('goose') and «piga» ('girl, maid'): a girl who tends geese. Åsa gåsapiga and her little brother Mats are recurring characters the boy meets on his travels through Sweden."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of stodo","gloss":"goose girl","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun \"goose girl\" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of bror","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"bror","lemma":"bror","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gåsapiga","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with gåsapiga","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on lille","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"betraktade","lemma":"betrakta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gåsapiga","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of träsko","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies träsko","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"träsko","lemma":"träsko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of stodo","gloss":"wooden shoe"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fallit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fallit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"falli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on träsko","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fallit","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fallit","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":63,"label":"20","id":"ch21-p20-s1","source":"»Det var vildgässen, som tappade den,» sade lille Mats.","translation":"\"It was the wild geese who dropped it,\" said little Mats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vildgässen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vildgässen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tappade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tappade","lemma":"tappa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on vildgässen","gloss":"dropped"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tappade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to vildgässen","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Mats"}]},{"number":64,"label":"21","id":"ch21-p21-s1","source":"Åsa gåsapiga stod länge tyst och funderade över fyndet.","translation":"Åsa the goose-girl stood silent for a long while, pondering over the find.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies gåsapiga","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"goose girl","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun \"goose girl\" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga)."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyst","gloss":"for a long while"},{"surface":"tyst","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fyndet","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"funderade","lemma":"fundera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with tyst","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fyndet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"fyndet","lemma":"fynd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch21-p21-s2","source":"Till sist sade hon långsamt och eftersinnande: »Kommer du ihåg, lille Mats, att när vi gick förbi Övedskloster, hörde vi talas om att de i en bondgård hade sett en tomte, som var klädd i skinnbyxor och hade träskor på fötterna som en annan arbetskarl?","translation":"At last she said slowly and thoughtfully: \"Do you remember, little Mats, that when we passed by Övedskloster, we heard tell that on a farm they had seen a tomte dressed in leather breeches, with wooden shoes on his feet like any other workman?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eftersinnande","lemma":"eftersinnande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with långsamt","gloss":"thoughtfully"},{"surface":"Kommer","lemma":"Komma","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on hörde","gloss":"do you remember","note":"Base sense is 'comes', but ch01-p86-s2 example uses the idiom 'komma ihåg' (to remember), where the translation is 'do you remember', not 'comes'."},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kommer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Kommer","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Kommer","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on lille","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lille","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"Övedskloster","lemma":"Övedskloster","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of gick","gloss":"Övedskloster","note":"Manor estate name."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on talas","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"talas","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to be talked about","note":"Idiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bondgård","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bondgård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bondgård","lemma":"bondgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on talas","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tomte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tomte","lemma":"tomte","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of sett","gloss":"tomte","note":"A tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klädd","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klädd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"klädd","lemma":"klädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on tomte","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skinnbyxor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skinnbyxor","lemma":"skinnbyxor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of klädd","gloss":"leather breeches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"träskor","lemma":"träska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"clogs"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fötterna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fötterna","lemma":"fötterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the feet"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of arbetskarl","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of arbetskarl","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies arbetskarl","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"arbetskarl","lemma":"arbetskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying fötterna","gloss":"working man"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch21-p21-s3","source":"Och minns du, att när vi kom till Vittskövle, berättade en tös, att hon hade sett en Goa-Nisse med träskor, som flög bort på ryggen av en gås?","translation":"And do you remember that when we came to Vittskövle, a girl told us she had seen a Goa-Nisse with wooden shoes, who flew away on the back of a goose?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Goa-Nisse","title":"«Goa-Nisse»: dialect name for the tomte","body":"«Goa-Nisse» ('good Nisse') is a Scanian dialect name for the same house-spirit elsewhere called «tomte» or «nisse» — «tös» in the same sentence ('girl, lass') is likewise a southern Swedish dialect word rather than standard «flicka»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"minns","lemma":"minnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembers"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of minns","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on minns","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vittskövle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Vittskövle","lemma":"Vittskövle","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"Vittskövle"},{"surface":"berättade","lemma":"berätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to minns","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tös","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tös","lemma":"tös","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of berättade","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on berättade","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Goa-Nisse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Goa-Nisse","lemma":"Goa-Nisse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"Goa-Nisse","note":"A friendly household spirit/nickname; kept as proper name."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träskor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"träskor","lemma":"träska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"clogs"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flög","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on träskor","gloss":"flew","note":"Actually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present."},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flög","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gås","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"goose"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch21-p21-s4","source":"Och när vi själva kom hem till vår stuga, lille Mats, såg vi ju en pyssling, som var klädd på samma sätt, och som också klev opp på en gås och flög sin väg.","translation":"And when we ourselves came home to our cottage, little Mats, we saw a pyssling dressed the same way, who also climbed up onto a goose and flew off.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pyssling","title":"«pyssling»: a tiny folk-being","body":"«Pyssling» is yet another folklore word for a small elf- or gnome-like being, used somewhat interchangeably with «tomte» and «nisse» across the book's regional voices — part of how the story lets Nils's transformation pass as local legend rather than his true, singular case."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying vi","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stuga","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vår","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of stuga","gloss":"our","note":"Mistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive \"our\", not the pronoun \"we\"."},{"surface":"stuga","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"cottage"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on lille","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of pyssling","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pyssling","lemma":"pyssling","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"gnome","note":"A synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klädd","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klädd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"klädd","lemma":"klädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on pyssling","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of klädd","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klev","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klev","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"klev","lemma":"kli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on klev","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gås","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klev","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with klev","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flög","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch21-p21-s5","source":"Kanske att det var samma en, som red fram häroppe i luften på sin gås och tappade träskon.»","translation":"Maybe it was the very same one who rode along up here in the air on his goose and dropped the wooden shoe.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase Kanske","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"preposition marking var","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"quantifies häroppe","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"red","lemma":"red","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on som","gloss":"rode","note":"Past tense of 'rida' (to ride), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on red","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"häroppe","lemma":"häroppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"in apposition to var","gloss":"up here","note":"Functions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies häroppe","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gås","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of gås","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies häroppe","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tappade","lemma":"tappa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"dropped"},{"surface":"träskon","lemma":"träskon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of tappade","gloss":"the clog","note":"This is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural."}]},{"number":69,"label":"22","id":"ch21-p22-s1","source":"»Ja, det måtte det säkert ha varit,» sade lille Mats.","translation":"\"Yes, it surely must have been,\" said little Mats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on varit","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"it","note":"this type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry."},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to varit","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Mats"}]},{"number":70,"label":"23","id":"ch21-p23-s1","source":"De vände på träskon och betraktade den noga, för det är inte alla dar, som man hittar Goa-Nisses träsko på landsvägen.","translation":"They turned the wooden shoe over and studied it closely, for it is not every day that one finds a Goa-Nisse's wooden shoe on the highway.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träskon","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"träskon","lemma":"träskon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"the clog","note":"This is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"betraktade","lemma":"betrakta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of betraktade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"noga","lemma":"noga","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betraktade","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to dar","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dar","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"d","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"adverbial clause on vände","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hittar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hittar","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"hittar","lemma":"hitta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dar","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"Goa-Nisses","lemma":"Goa-Nisse","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of träsko","gloss":"Goa-Nisse's"},{"surface":"träsko","lemma":"träsko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hittar","gloss":"wooden shoe"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsvägen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"landsvägen","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hittar","gloss":"highway"}]},{"number":71,"label":"24","id":"ch21-p24-s1","source":"»Vänta, vänta, lille Mats!» sade Åsa gåsapiga.","translation":"\"Wait, wait, little Mats!\" said Åsa the goose-girl.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Wait!","note":"Parsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples."},{"surface":"vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Vänta","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Vänta","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on lille","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"goose girl","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun \"goose girl\" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga)."}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch21-p24-s2","source":"»Här står något att läsa på ena sidan.»","translation":"\"There's something written on one side to read.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies står","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with står","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of läsa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"läsa","lemma":"läsa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on står","gloss":"to read"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of läsa","gloss":"side"}]},{"number":73,"label":"25","id":"ch21-p25-s1","source":"»Ja, det gör det.","translation":"\"Yes, there is.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on gör","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch21-p25-s2","source":"Men det är så små bokstäver.»","translation":"But the letters are so small.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bokstäver","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bokstäver","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies små","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bokstäver","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"bokstäver","lemma":"bokstäv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"letters"}]},{"number":75,"label":"26","id":"ch21-p26-s1","source":"»Låt mig se!","translation":"\"Let me see!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Låt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of Låt","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch21-p26-s2","source":"Jo, det står — Det står: Nils Holgersson fr. V. Vemmenhög.»","translation":"Why, it says—it says: Nils Holgersson from V. Vemmenhög.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fr.","title":"Abbreviation, not a sentence break","body":"«fr.» abbreviates «från» ('from'); the following «V.» abbreviates the parish qualifier before «Vemmenhög» (Nils's home village in Skåne, first named in the book's opening chapter). Neither period ends the sentence — the shoe's whole carved inscription is one continuous line of text."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on står","gloss":"well/yes","note":"used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of står","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with står","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"Holgersson","lemma":"Holgersson","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Nils","gloss":"Holgersson"},{"surface":"fr","lemma":"fr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Nils","gloss":"from","note":"Abbreviation of från, meaning “from.”"},{"surface":"V.","lemma":"V.","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"W."},{"surface":"Vemmenhög","lemma":"Vemmenhög","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on V.","gloss":"Vemmenhög"}]},{"number":77,"label":"27","id":"ch21-p27-s1","source":"»Det var det märkvärdigaste jag nånsin har hört!» sade lille Mats.","translation":"\"That's the most remarkable thing I've ever heard!\" said little Mats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of märkvärdigaste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigaste","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of märkvärdigaste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"märkvärdigaste","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular, superlative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"most remarkable"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nånsin","lemma":"nånsin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hört","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on märkvärdigaste","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to märkvärdigaste","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Mats"}]}]}