{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch25","title":{"source":"Islossningen","translated":"The Breaking-Up of the Ice"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch25","lines":87},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch24","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch26","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch25-p1-s1","source":"Nästa dag var det blankt och vackert väder.","translation":"The next day the weather was clear and beautiful.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blankt","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to blankt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blankt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blankt","lemma":"blankt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"smooth and shiny"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with blankt","gloss":"weather"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch25-p1-s2","source":"Det blåste visserligen en rätt stark vind västerifrån, men det var man bara glad åt, för den torkade vägarna, som voro alldeles uppblötta av det häftiga gårdagsregnet.","translation":"A rather strong wind was blowing from the west, it's true, but one was only glad of it, for it dried the roads, which were completely soaked by the previous day's heavy rain.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural verb","body":"«Voro» is the old plural preterite of «vara» ('to be') — modern Swedish uses «var» for both singular and plural. This 1906 text still marks number on the verb, a pre-reform feature the 20th-century spelling reform dropped."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blåste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"visserligen","lemma":"visserligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blåste","gloss":"indeed","note":"Concessive adverb, close to \"it's true, but...\"."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vind","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stark","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vind","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"vind","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies västerifrån","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"västerifrån","lemma":"västerifrån","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of blåste","gloss":"from the west","note":"Actually the adverb 'västerifrån', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blåste","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glad","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glad","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of var","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on var","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägarna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vägarna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"torkade","lemma":"torka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vägarna","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"vägarna","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of uppblötta","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of uppblötta","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppblötta","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"uppblötta","lemma":"uppblötta","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural, nominative","role":"relative clause on vägarna","gloss":"soaked"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdagsregnet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of gårdagsregnet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"häftiga","lemma":"häftig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies gårdagsregnet","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"gårdagsregnet","lemma":"gårdagsregn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"agent of uppblötta","gloss":"yesterday's rain"}]},{"number":3,"label":"2","id":"ch25-p2-s1","source":"I god tid på morgonen kommo de två Smålandsbarnen Åsa gåsapiga och lille Mats vandrande på en landsväg, som från Sörmland ledde inåt Närke.","translation":"In good time in the morning, the two Småland children, Åsa the goose girl and little Mats, came walking along a country road that led from Sörmland into Närke.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Sörmland ... Närke","title":"Swedish provinces","body":"«Sörmland» (Södermanland) and «Närke» are two of Sweden's historical «landskap» (provinces); the children are crossing from one into the other, part of the book's running geography lesson about Sweden."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morgonen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"morgonen","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Smålandsbarnen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies Smålandsbarnen","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Smålandsbarnen","lemma":"Smålandsbarnen","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the Småland children"},{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of vandrande","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"goose girl","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun \"goose girl\" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with gåsapiga","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Åsa","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"vandrande","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsväg","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of landsväg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"landsväg","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandrande","gloss":"highway"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ledde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sörmland","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Sörmland","lemma":"Sörmland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ledde","gloss":"Sörmland","note":"A Swedish province."},{"surface":"ledde","lemma":"leda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landsväg","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"inåt","lemma":"inåt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Närke","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Närke","lemma":"Närke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ledde","gloss":"Närke"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch25-p2-s2","source":"Vägen löpte fram utmed södra Hjälmarstranden, och barnen gingo och sågo på isen, som ännu täckte största delen av sjön.","translation":"The road ran along the southern shore of Lake Hjälmaren, and the children walked along looking at the ice, which still covered the greater part of the lake.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Hjälmarstranden","title":"Lake Hjälmaren","body":"«Hjälmarstranden» = the shore of «Hjälmaren», the fourth-largest lake in Sweden, bordering Närke, Södermanland, and Västmanland. Its spring ice breakup is the real event this chapter dramatizes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of löpte","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies löpte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hjälmarstranden","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"södra","lemma":"södra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Hjälmarstranden","gloss":"southern"},{"surface":"Hjälmarstranden","lemma":"Hjälmarstranden","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the shore of Hjälmaren"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with ,","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with löpte","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of täckte","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies täckte","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"täckte","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on isen","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"delen","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of täckte","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"lake"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch25-p2-s3","source":"Morgonsolen göt sitt klara sken över isen, och den såg inte mörk och otrevlig ut, som våris brukar, utan lyste vit och lockande.","translation":"The morning sun poured its bright light over the ice, and it did not look dark and unpleasant, as spring ice usually does, but shone white and inviting.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"våris","title":"«våris»","body":"A compound of «vår» ('spring') and «is» ('ice'): the rotting, waterlogged ice that forms on lakes as winter breaks up — proverbially treacherous, which is why the children's confidence here is a warning sign."}],"words":[{"surface":"Morgonsolen","lemma":"morgonsol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies göt","gloss":"morning sun"},{"surface":"göt","lemma":"Göt","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"auxiliary of klara","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"klara","lemma":"klar","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with göt","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"sken","lemma":"sk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of klara","gloss":"light","note":"The parser conflates the noun 'sken' ('light' or runaway motion) with the past tense 'sken' ('shone')."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klara","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with göt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies mörk","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mörk","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"otrevlig","lemma":"otrevlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mörk","gloss":"unpleasant"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with mörk","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of brukar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"våris","lemma":"våris","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of brukar","gloss":"spring ice"},{"surface":"brukar","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"tends to"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lyste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"shone","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'."},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lyste","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lockande","lemma":"lockande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"tempting"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch25-p2-s4","source":"Så långt som de kunde se ut över den, låg den fast och torr.","translation":"As far as they could see out over it, it lay firm and dry.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låg","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"torr","lemma":"torr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fast","gloss":"dry"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch25-p2-s5","source":"Regnvattnet hade redan runnit ner i hålor och springor, eller också var det uppsuget i själva isen.","translation":"The rainwater had already run down into hollows and cracks, or else it had been soaked up into the ice itself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Regnvattnet","lemma":"Regnvattnet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of runnit","gloss":"the rainwater"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of runnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies runnit","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"runnit","lemma":"rinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on runnit","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hålor","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"hålor","lemma":"håla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of runnit","gloss":"hollows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"springor","lemma":"springa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hålor","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppsuget","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to uppsuget","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of uppsuget","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"uppsuget","lemma":"uppsug","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with runnit","gloss":"soaked up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies isen","gloss":"itself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies uppsuget","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch25-p2-s6","source":"De sågo ingenting annat än den präktigaste is.","translation":"They saw nothing but the finest ice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking is","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of is","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"präktigaste","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies is","gloss":"most splendid"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":9,"label":"3","id":"ch25-p3-s1","source":"Åsa gåsapiga och lille Mats voro på vandring norrut, och de kunde inte låta bli att tänka på hur många steg det skulle bespara dem, om de kunde gå tvärsöver den stora sjön i stället för att vandra runt om den.","translation":"Åsa the goose girl and little Mats were journeying northward, and they could not help thinking how many steps it would save them if they could walk straight across the great lake instead of tramping all the way around it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"goose girl","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun \"goose girl\" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with gåsapiga","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Åsa","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vandring","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vandring","lemma":"vandring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandring","gloss":"northward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"direct object of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tänka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bespara","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of bespara","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bespara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bespara","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bespara","lemma":"bespara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of bespara","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"tvärsöver","lemma":"tvärsöv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on gå","gloss":"straight across","note":"Lemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sjön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sjön","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tvärsöver","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vandra","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vandra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vandra","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandra","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vandra","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch25-p3-s2","source":"De visste nog, att våris är farlig, men denna såg ju alldeles säker ut.","translation":"They knew well enough that spring ice is dangerous, but this ice certainly looked perfectly safe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"well enough"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of farlig","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"våris","lemma":"våris","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of farlig","gloss":"spring ice"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to farlig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"farlig","lemma":"farlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with farlig","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"well enough"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säker","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"säker","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch25-p3-s3","source":"De kunde se, att den var flera tum tjock invid land.","translation":"They could see that it was several inches thick near the shore.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tjock","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tjock","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tum","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tum","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tjock","gloss":"inches"},{"surface":"tjock","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"invid","lemma":"invid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tjock","gloss":"close to","note":"Functions as a preposition (\"right next to\") in these examples."},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tjock","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch25-p3-s4","source":"En väg sågo de, som de kunde följa, och andra stranden tycktes ligga så nära, att de borde kunna gå över dit på en timme.","translation":"They saw a path they could follow, and the far shore seemed to lie so near that they ought to be able to walk across to it in an hour.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En väg sågo de","title":"Fronted object, V2 word order","body":"The object «en väg» ('a path') is fronted before the verb «sågo» ('saw'), with the subject «de» ('they') pushed after it. Swedish keeps the verb in second position (V2) no matter what comes first, so fronting a word for emphasis flips subject and verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of väg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of följa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of följa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of följa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"följa","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sågo","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nära","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"near","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"to be able to"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ligga","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dit","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timme","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of timme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"timme","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":13,"label":"4","id":"ch25-p4-s1","source":"»Kom, så försöker vi!» sade lille Mats.","translation":"\"Come on, let's try it!\" said little Mats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kom","lemma":"Kom","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on försöker","gloss":"come","note":"Imperative of 'komma' (to come); mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on försöker","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"försöker","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tries"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of försöker","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Mats"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch25-p4-s2","source":"»Om vi bara ser oss för, så att vi inte kommer i någon vak, så går det nog för oss.»","translation":"\"If we're just careful not to fall into any open patch, we should be all right.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vak","title":"«vak»","body":"A «vak» is a hole or patch of open water in ice — the specific hazard the children are worried about, and the exact thing that will open up under them later in the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on går","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of ser","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ser","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ser","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vak","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vak","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"vak","lemma":"vak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"open water","note":"All four examples in this chunk use \"vaken\" as the adjective (awake), not the noun \"vak\" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be \"awake\" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on går","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with går","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"all right"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":15,"label":"5","id":"ch25-p5-s1","source":"Därmed gåvo de sig ut på sjön.","translation":"With that, they set out onto the lake.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gåvo de sig ut","title":"«ge sig ut» + reflexive «sig»","body":"«Ge sig ut» ('to set out, venture out') is a particle verb built on the reflexive pronoun «sig» — literally 'gave themselves out'. «Gåvo» is again the old plural form of «gav» ('gave')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Därmed","lemma":"därmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gåvo","gloss":"with that"},{"surface":"gåvo","lemma":"gåvo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gave","note":"Historical plural past-tense form of ge/giva (\"to give\"), not a noun."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gåvo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gåvo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gåvo","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"lake"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch25-p5-s2","source":"Isen var inte särdeles glatt, utan mycket behaglig att gå på.","translation":"The ice was not particularly slippery, but very pleasant to walk on.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Isen","lemma":"isen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of särdeles","gloss":"the ice"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to särdeles","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"glatt","lemma":"glatt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of särdeles","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies behaglig","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"behaglig","lemma":"behaglig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with särdeles","gloss":"pleasant"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on behaglig","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gå","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch25-p5-s3","source":"Det fanns mer vatten på den, än de hade kunnat se, och här och där fanns pipig is, där vattnet porlade upp och ner.","translation":"There was more water on it than they had been able to see, and here and there was spongy ice, where the water bubbled up and down.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pipig is","title":"«pipig is»","body":"Folk description of porous, waterlogged ice that sighs or 'pipes' as water moves through it — a country child's practical vocabulary for reading ice safety, not a standard dictionary term."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vatten","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fanns","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with ,","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with se","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"pipig","lemma":"pipig","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies is","gloss":"spongy","note":"Pipig ice is porous, waterlogged ice riddled with channels."},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies porlade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of porlade","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"porlade","lemma":"porla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on is","gloss":"bubbled"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on porlade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase upp","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase upp","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch25-p5-s4","source":"Sådana ställen fick man akta sig för, men det var ju inte svårt mittpå dagen i det ljusa solskenet.","translation":"Such spots one had to watch out for, but that was surely not difficult in the middle of the day, in the bright sunshine.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of akta","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of akta","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of akta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"akta","lemma":"akta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watch out/beware"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of akta","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies akta","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with svårt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to svårt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svårt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies svårt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with akta","gloss":"difficult","note":"This type bundles the positive 'svårt' and the comparative 'svårare' under one gloss; ch02-p89-s2 'ännu svårare' means 'still harder', not just 'difficult'."},{"surface":"mittpå","lemma":"mittpå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"adverbial clause on svårt","gloss":"in the middle of","note":"Functions as the preposition 'mittpå' (in the middle of), mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svårt","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solskenet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of solskenet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ljusa","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies solskenet","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"solskenet","lemma":"solsken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of svårt","gloss":"the sunshine"}]},{"number":19,"label":"6","id":"ch25-p6-s1","source":"Barnen kommo fort och lätt framåt, och de talade inte om annat än hur kloka de hade varit, som hade gått ut på isen i stället för att fortsätta vandringen på den sönderregnade landsvägen.","translation":"The children got along quickly and easily, and they talked of nothing but how clever they had been to go out on the ice instead of continuing their journey along the rain-battered country road.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of talade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies talade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kloka","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase om","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kloka","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"kloka","lemma":"kloka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on talade","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on kloka","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kloka","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kloka","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"to","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on talade","gloss":"gone out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fortsätta","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"to continue"},{"surface":"vandringen","lemma":"vandring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortsätta","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsvägen","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of landsvägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sönderregnade","lemma":"sönderregna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landsvägen","gloss":"rain-battered"},{"surface":"landsvägen","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fortsätta","gloss":"highway"}]},{"number":20,"label":"7","id":"ch25-p7-s1","source":"När de hade gått en stund, kommo de i närheten av Vinön.","translation":"When they had walked for a while, they came near the island of Vinön.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Vinön","title":"Vinön","body":"A real island in Lake Hjälmaren, in Närke — one more concrete waypoint in the book's geography of Sweden."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gått","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gått","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vinön","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"närheten","lemma":"närhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"vicinity"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Vinön","lemma":"Vinön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"Vinön"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch25-p7-s2","source":"Där fick en gumma syn på dem från sitt fönster.","translation":"There an old woman caught sight of them from her window.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"caught sight"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of syn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gumma","lemma":"gumma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies syn","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönster","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of fönster","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"fönster","lemma":"fönster","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"window"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch25-p7-s3","source":"Hon sprang ut ur stugan, slog åt dem med armarna och ropade något, som de inte kunde höra.","translation":"She ran out of her cottage, waved her arms at them, and shouted something they could not hear.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sprang","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stugan","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"stugan","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"cottage"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sprang","gloss":"waved","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"armarna","lemma":"armarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"the arms"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ropade","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of höra","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies höra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"to hear"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch25-p7-s4","source":"De förstodo mycket väl, att hon varnade dem för att fortsätta vandringen.","translation":"They understood very well that she was warning them not to go on.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of förstodo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"förstodo","lemma":"förstodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"understood","note":"past plural of förstå ('to understand'); mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väl","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstodo","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of varnade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varnade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"varnade","lemma":"varna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on förstodo","gloss":"warned"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of varnade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fortsätta","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on varnade","gloss":"to continue"},{"surface":"vandringen","lemma":"vandring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortsätta","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch25-p7-s5","source":"Men de, som voro ute på isen, sågo ju, att ingen fara var för handen.","translation":"But they, being out on the ice, could see for themselves that there was no danger at hand.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ute","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of för","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to för","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"clausal complement of sågo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"handen","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch25-p7-s6","source":"Det hade väl varit bra dumt att lämna isen, när allt gick så förträffligt.","translation":"It would surely have been quite foolish to leave the ice when everything was going so splendidly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dumt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dumt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dumt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to dumt","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dumt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"dumt","lemma":"dumd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lämna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lämna","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on dumt","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämna","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gick","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on dumt","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förträffligt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förträffligt","lemma":"förträfflig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of gick","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":26,"label":"8","id":"ch25-p8-s1","source":"De vandrade alltså förbi Vinön och hade nu en milsbred isyta framför sig.","translation":"So they walked on past Vinön and now had a stretch of ice a mile wide before them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vandrade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vandrade","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wandered","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'."},{"surface":"alltså","lemma":"alltså","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandrade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking Vinön","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"Vinön","lemma":"vinön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of vandrade","gloss":"Vinön"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vandrade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of isyta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"milsbred","lemma":"milsbred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies isyta","gloss":"mile-wide"},{"surface":"isyta","lemma":"isyta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"ice surface"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch25-p8-s2","source":"Härute fanns det så stora vattensamlingar, att barnen nödgades göra långa omvägar.","translation":"Out here there were such large pools of water that the children were forced to make long detours.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Härute","lemma":"härute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"out here"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vattensamlingar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"vattensamlingar","lemma":"vattensamling","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"pools of water"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nödgades","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of passive nödgades","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"nödgades","lemma":"nödga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"clause modifying vattensamlingar","gloss":"were forced"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of nödgades","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies omvägar","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"omvägar","lemma":"omväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"detours"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch25-p8-s3","source":"Men det bara roade dem.","translation":"But that only amused them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of roade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"roade","lemma":"roa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"amused","note":"Usually reflexive 'roade sig' = amused himself/herself."},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of roade","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch25-p8-s4","source":"De tävlade om att finna ut var isen var bäst.","translation":"They competed to find out where the ice was best.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tävlade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tävlade","lemma":"tävla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"competed"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tävlade","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on finna","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bäst","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bäst","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"adverbial clause on tävlade","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch25-p8-s5","source":"De voro varken trötta eller hungriga.","translation":"They were neither tired nor hungry.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"varken","lemma":"varken","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"trötta","lemma":"trött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hungriga","lemma":"hungrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with trötta","gloss":"hungry"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch25-p8-s6","source":"De hade hela dagen för sig, och de bara skrattade, när de mötte nya hinder.","translation":"They had the whole day ahead of them, and they only laughed when they met new obstacles.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"ahead of"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of skrattade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrattade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mötte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of mötte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"mötte","lemma":"mötte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skrattade","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"nya","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hinder","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"hinder","lemma":"hinder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of mötte","gloss":"obstacles"}]},{"number":32,"label":"9","id":"ch25-p9-s1","source":"Ibland kastade de blickarna över åt andra stranden.","translation":"Now and then they cast glances over toward the far shore.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kastade de blickarna","title":"«kasta blicken»","body":"«Kasta blicken (över åt)» is an idiom, literally 'to throw the glance' — the ordinary way to say 'to glance over at' something in Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of blickarna","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"blickarna","lemma":"blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kastade","gloss":"glances"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of över","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch25-p9-s2","source":"Den tycktes ännu vara långt avlägsen, fastän de hade gått väl en timme.","translation":"It still seemed far away, although they had been walking a good hour.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"modifies avlägsen","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avlägsen","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to avlägsen","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avlägsen","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"avlägsen","lemma":"avlägsen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gått","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on avlägsen","gloss":"been walking"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"a good"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of timme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"timme","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gått","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch25-p9-s3","source":"De voro en smula häpna över att sjön var så bred.","translation":"They were a little astonished that the lake was so wide.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of häpna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smula","lemma":"smula","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies häpna","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"häpna","lemma":"häpna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of voro","gloss":"astonished","note":"Mistagged as noun; it is the plural form of the adjective 'häpen' (astonished)."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bred","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bred","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bred","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bred","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bred","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch25-p9-s4","source":"»Det är, som om den där stranden flyttade sig undan oss,» sade lille Mats.","translation":"\"It's as if that shore were moving away from us,\" said little Mats.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Det","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of den","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying Det","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyttade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyttade","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"flyttade","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of flyttade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flyttade","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to den","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"Mats"}]},{"number":36,"label":"10","id":"ch25-p10-s1","source":"Härute voro de utan skydd mot västanvinden.","translation":"Out here they had no shelter from the west wind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Härute","lemma":"härute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"out here"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skydd","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"skydd","lemma":"skydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies de","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking västanvinden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"västanvinden","lemma":"västanvind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skydd","gloss":"west wind"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch25-p10-s2","source":"Den blev för var minut allt häftigare och tryckte kläderna så hårt mot kroppen på dem, att de hade svårt att röra sig.","translation":"It grew fiercer with every minute and pressed their clothes so hard against their bodies that they had trouble moving.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"was","note":"mistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"minut","lemma":"minut","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"minute"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies häftigare","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"häftigare","lemma":"häftig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"fiercer"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tryckte","lemma":"trycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"kläderna","lemma":"kläder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of tryckte","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kroppen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hårt","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kroppen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"kroppen","lemma":"kropp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tryckte","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies kroppen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of röra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"röra","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"moving"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of röra","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch25-p10-s3","source":"Den kalla blåsten var det första riktiga obehag, som de hade mött under vandringen.","translation":"The cold gale was the first real discomfort they had met with on their journey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kalla","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kalla","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cold","note":"Mislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use."},{"surface":"blåsten","lemma":"blåst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of kalla","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to obehag","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of obehag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies obehag","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"riktiga","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies obehag","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"obehag","lemma":"obehag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"complement of kalla","gloss":"discomfort"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of mött","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of mött","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mött","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mött","lemma":"mött","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on obehag","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vandringen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vandringen","lemma":"vandring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mött","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":39,"label":"11","id":"ch25-p11-s1","source":"Något, som förvånade dem, var, att vinden kom med så starkt dån, som om den hade fört med sig bullret från en stor kvarn eller mekanisk verkstad.","translation":"One thing that puzzled them was that the wind came with such a loud roar, as if it had carried with it the noise of a great mill or a mechanical workshop.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Något","lemma":"Något","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one thing"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of förvånade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"förvånade","lemma":"förvåna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Något","gloss":"surprised"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of förvånade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Något","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on Något","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies starkt","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"starkt","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dån","gloss":"loud","note":"Adverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'."},{"surface":"dån","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fört","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fört","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fört","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fört","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on dån","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of fört","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"bullret","lemma":"bullr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fört","gloss":"the noise"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvarn","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kvarn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kvarn","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"kvarn","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fört","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"mekanisk","lemma":"mekanisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies verkstad","gloss":"mechanical"},{"surface":"verkstad","lemma":"verkstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kvarn","gloss":"workshop"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch25-p11-s2","source":"Men något sådant kunde ju inte finnas därute på isvidderna.","translation":"But surely nothing of the kind could exist out there on the ice fields.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sådant","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of finnas","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"därute","lemma":"därute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isvidderna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"isvidderna","lemma":"isvidderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"the ice fields"}]},{"number":41,"label":"12","id":"ch25-p12-s1","source":"De hade gått väster om den stora ön Valen, och de tyckte nu, att det verkligen märktes, att de närmade sig norra stranden.","translation":"They had walked west of the great island of Valen, and now it truly seemed to them that they were nearing the northern shore.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Valen","title":"Valen","body":"Another real island in Lake Hjälmaren; the children's route across the lake tracks an actual, mappable stretch of water."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"väster","lemma":"väster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gått","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Valen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ön","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ön","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"ön","lemma":"ön","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Valen","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"Valen","lemma":"Val","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"Valen"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märktes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with märktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märktes","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"märktes","lemma":"märktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"was evident"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of närmade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of närmade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"närmade","lemma":"närma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märktes","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of närmade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"norra","lemma":"norra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"northern"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of närmade","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch25-p12-s2","source":"Men på samma gång blev vinden allt besvärligare, och det starka dånet, som följde den, tilltog så, att de började känna sig oroliga.","translation":"But at the same time the wind grew more and more troublesome, and the loud roar that came with it increased so much that they began to feel uneasy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besvärligare","gloss":"more and more"},{"surface":"besvärligare","lemma":"besvärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"more troublesome"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of dånet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"starka","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dånet","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"dånet","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with besvärligare","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dånet","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tilltog","lemma":"tilltog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to blev","gloss":"increased"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tilltog","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of började","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tilltog","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of känna","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"oroliga","lemma":"orolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of känna","gloss":"uneasy"}]},{"number":43,"label":"13","id":"ch25-p13-s1","source":"Med ens tyckte de sig förstå, att dånet, som de hörde, kom från vågor, som med skum och brus vräktes mot en strand, men detta var ju också omöjligt, eftersom sjön ännu låg täckt med is.","translation":"All at once they thought they understood that the roar they heard came from waves that, foaming and thundering, were dashing against a shore, but that too was surely impossible, since the lake still lay covered with ice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ens","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ens","lemma":"ens","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of tyckte","gloss":"at once","note":"Used in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dånet","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dånet","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågor","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vågor","lemma":"våga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vräktes","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skum","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"skum","lemma":"skum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vräktes","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brus","lemma":"brus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with skum","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"vräktes","lemma":"vräktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on vågor","gloss":"was dashing"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strand","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of strand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"strand","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vräktes","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of omöjligt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to omöjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omöjligt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omöjligt","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of täckt","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies täckt","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"täckt","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking is","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of täckt","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":44,"label":"14","id":"ch25-p14-s1","source":"I alla fall stannade de och sågo sig om.","translation":"In any case they stopped and looked around.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"in any case"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of stannade","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sågo","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch25-p14-s2","source":"Då märkte de långt borta i väster, neremot Björnön och Göksholmslandet, en vit vall, som gick tvärsöver sjön.","translation":"Then, far away to the west, over toward Björnön and the Göksholm shore, they noticed a white ridge running straight across the lake.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Björnön och Göksholmslandet","title":"Björnön, Göksholm","body":"More real Hjälmaren place-names: «Björnön» ('Bear Island') and the shore land by the Göksholm estate — Lagerlöf keeps the fantastic events pinned to an actual map."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väster","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"väster","lemma":"väster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of borta","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"neremot","lemma":"neremot","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking Björnön","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Björnön","lemma":"Björnön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with väster","gloss":"Björnön"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Göksholmslandet","lemma":"Göksholmslandet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with väster","gloss":"the Göksholm shore"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vall","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vall","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"vall","lemma":"vall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vall","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"tvärsöver","lemma":"tvärsöv","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sjön","gloss":"straight across"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gick","gloss":"lake"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch25-p14-s3","source":"Först trodde de, att det var en snökant utmed en väg, men så förstodo de, att det var skum från vågor, som kastades mot isen.","translation":"At first they thought it was a snowbank along a road, but then they understood that it was foam from waves being flung against the ice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of väg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of väg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to väg","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of snökant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"snökant","lemma":"snökant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"snowbank"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väg","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of väg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstodo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"förstodo","lemma":"förstodo","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with väg","gloss":"understood","note":"Historical plural preterite of förstå; modern Swedish uses förstod."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skum","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skum","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skum","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"skum","lemma":"skum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clause modifying de","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vågor","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vågor","lemma":"våga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies skum","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive kastades","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kastades","lemma":"kastaa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on vågor","gloss":"was/were thrown"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastades","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":47,"label":"15","id":"ch25-p15-s1","source":"När de sågo detta, togo de varandra i hand och började springa utan att säga ett ord.","translation":"When they saw this, they took each other by the hand and began to run without saying a word.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on togo","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of varandra","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of togo","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies togo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with togo","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"springa","lemma":"springa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to run","note":"One cited example uses the homograph springa \"slit/crack\" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb \"to run\"."},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on springa","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of säga","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch25-p15-s2","source":"Sjön låg öppen därborta i väster, och de hade tyckt sig se, att skumranden hastigt flyttade sig österut.","translation":"The lake lay open over there in the west, and they thought they had seen the line of foam moving swiftly eastward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies öppen","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"öppen","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"därborta","lemma":"därborta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väster","gloss":"over there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väster","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"väster","lemma":"väster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of öppen","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tyckt","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tyckt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tyckt","lemma":"tyck","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with öppen","gloss":"thought","note":"Supine of 'tycka'; sense splits between 'liked' (tyckt om) and 'thought/seemed' (tyckt sig se)."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tyckt","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tyckt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flyttade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"skumranden","lemma":"skumrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of flyttade","gloss":"the line of foam"},{"surface":"hastigt","lemma":"hastig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyttade","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"flyttade","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckt","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of flyttade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"österut","lemma":"österut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyttade","gloss":"eastward"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch25-p15-s3","source":"De visste inte om isen skulle bryta upp överallt eller vad som skulle ske.","translation":"They did not know whether the ice would break up everywhere or what was going to happen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bryta","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bryta","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bryta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bryta","lemma":"bryta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on visste","gloss":"break up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bryta","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bryta","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ske","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ske","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ske","gloss":"was going to"},{"surface":"ske","lemma":"ske","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bryta","gloss":"happen"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch25-p15-s4","source":"Men de kände på sig, att de voro i fara.","translation":"But they sensed that they were in danger.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"käna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"sensed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of kände","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fara","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."}]},{"number":51,"label":"16","id":"ch25-p16-s1","source":"På en gång tycktes det dem, som om isen lyftes just på det stället, där de sprungo: lyftes och sjönk ner igen, som om någon hade stött till den underifrån.","translation":"All of a sudden it seemed to them as if the ice lifted right at the spot where they were running: rose and sank down again, as if someone had shoved it from below.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tycktes det dem","title":"Impersonal «det» + dative-like «dem»","body":"«Det tycktes dem» = 'it seemed to them': the dummy subject «det» carries the impersonal verb «tycktes», while «dem» ('to them') is the experiencer — a common Swedish pattern for feelings and impressions that has no single-word English equivalent."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tycktes","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with tycktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of lyftes","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyftes","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"lyftes","lemma":"lyftea","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"was lifted"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyftes","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stället","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stället","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of lyftes","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyftes","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sprungo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive lyftes","gloss":"ran","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo)."},{"surface":"lyftes","lemma":"lyftes","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"parallel clause to tycktes","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sjönk","lemma":"sjönk","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with lyftes","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sjönk","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sjönk","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stött","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stött","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stött","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stött","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stött","lemma":"stöta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lyftes","gloss":"shoved"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"shoved"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stött","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"underifrån","lemma":"underifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies den","gloss":"from below"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch25-p16-s2","source":"Därpå hördes en dov knall i isen, och sedan gingo sprickor ut över den åt alla håll.","translation":"Then a dull crack was heard in the ice, and after that cracks ran out over it in every direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därpå","lemma":"Därpå","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"hördes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was heard"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of knall","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dov","lemma":"dov","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies knall","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"knall","lemma":"knall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"crack"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of knall","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sprickor","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"sprickor","lemma":"spricka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hördes","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sprickor","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"directions"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch25-p16-s3","source":"Barnen kunde se hur de ilade fram genom istäcket.","translation":"The children could see how they raced across the ice sheet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ilade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ilade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ilade","lemma":"ila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ilade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking istäcket","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"istäcket","lemma":"istäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ilade","gloss":"ice sheet"}]},{"number":54,"label":"17","id":"ch25-p17-s1","source":"Nu blev det stilla en liten stund, men så kändes återigen den där höjningen och sänkningen.","translation":"Now it was still for a little while, but then that same rising and sinking was felt again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kändes","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kändes","lemma":"kändes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"was felt"},{"surface":"återigen","lemma":"återig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kändes","gloss":"again","note":"This is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of höjningen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"höjningen","lemma":"höjning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on kändes","gloss":"the rising"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sänkningen","lemma":"sänkning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with höjningen","gloss":"the sinking"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch25-p17-s2","source":"Efter detta började sprickorna vidga sig till springor, genom vilka man såg vatten porla upp.","translation":"After this the cracks began to widen into fissures, through which one could see water bubbling up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"sprickorna","lemma":"spricka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"vidga","lemma":"vidg","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"widen"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vidga","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking springor","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"springor","lemma":"springa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vidga","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vilka","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"vilka","lemma":"vilken","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vidga","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"porla","lemma":"porla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"bubble"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on porla","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch25-p17-s3","source":"Strax därpå blevo springorna till rämnor, och isen började dela sig i stora flak.","translation":"Soon after, the fissures became wide rifts, and the ice began to split into great floes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blevo","title":"Archaic plural verb","body":"«Blevo» is the old plural preterite of «blev» ('became') — like «voro», «kommo», and «gåvo» earlier in the chapter, a pre-1906-reform form that modern Swedish has leveled to a single invariant form regardless of number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Strax","lemma":"strax","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies därpå","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"springorna","lemma":"springorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"the fissures"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rämnor","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"rämnor","lemma":"rämna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of springorna","gloss":"crevices"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blevo","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"dela","lemma":"dela","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to share"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of dela","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flak","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies flak","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"flak","lemma":"flak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of dela","gloss":"floes"}]},{"number":57,"label":"18","id":"ch25-p18-s1","source":"»Åsa,» sade lille Mats, »det är visst islossning.»","translation":"\"Åsa,\" said little Mats, \"this must be the ice breaking up.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"islossning","title":"«islossning»","body":"The chapter's title word: the spring breakup of lake or river ice, when the solid winter ice cracks apart and drifts — a named seasonal event in Sweden, not just a description."}],"words":[{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Åsa","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of islossning","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to islossning","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies islossning","gloss":"must be"},{"surface":"islossning","lemma":"islossning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to Åsa","gloss":"ice breakup"}]},{"number":58,"label":"19","id":"ch25-p19-s1","source":"»Ja, det är så, lille Mats,» sade Åsa, »men vi kan ännu hinna i land.","translation":"\"Yes, that's so, little Mats,\" said Åsa, \"but we can still make it to shore.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on ,","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of så","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to så","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ,","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with så","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on lille","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to så","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hinna","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hinna","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hinna","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"hinna","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"to have time to"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"ashore"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hinna","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch25-p19-s2","source":"Spring på bara!»","translation":"Just keep running!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Spring","lemma":"spring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Run!","note":"Imperative of the verb 'springa' (to run); mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bara","gloss":"keep running"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Spring","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":60,"label":"20","id":"ch25-p20-s1","source":"I själva verket hade vinden och vågorna ännu mycket arbete att utföra för att få bort isen från sjön.","translation":"In fact the wind and the waves still had a great deal of work to do before they could clear the ice from the lake.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verket","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies verket","gloss":"in fact","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"verket","lemma":"verk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"in fact","note":"the idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies arbete","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to vågorna","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of utföra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"utföra","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying arbete","gloss":"to carry out"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on utföra","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on få","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"lake"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch25-p20-s2","source":"Det svåraste var väl gjort, när istäcket hade brustit i stycken, men alla dessa stycken måste delas på nytt och kastas mot varandra för att bli krossade, söndernötta och upplösta.","translation":"The hardest part was no doubt done once the ice sheet had broken into pieces, but all those pieces had to be split up again and thrown against one another to be crushed, worn down, and dissolved.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of svåraste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svåraste","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"hardest"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brustit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"istäcket","lemma":"istäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of brustit","gloss":"ice sheet"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of brustit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"brustit","lemma":"brusta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"adverbial clause on gjort","gloss":"had broken"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stycken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"stycken","lemma":"styck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies brustit","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stycken","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stycken","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"stycken","lemma":"styck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive delas","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of delas","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"delas","lemma":"dela","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"coordinated with brustit","gloss":"be split"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kastas","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies kastas","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kastas","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on delas","gloss":"be thrown"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of kastas","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on delas","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"krossade","lemma":"krossa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"söndernötta","lemma":"söndernötta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with krossade","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"upplösta","lemma":"upplösta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with krossade","gloss":"dissolved"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch25-p20-s3","source":"Det fanns ännu kvar en myckenhet hård och fast is, som bildade stora, oskadade fält.","translation":"There still remained a great quantity of hard, solid ice, forming large, unbroken fields.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fanns","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of myckenhet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"myckenhet","lemma":"myckenhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies is","gloss":"a great deal","note":"archaic quantifier noun, 'en myckenhet X' = 'a great quantity of X'."},{"surface":"hård","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying myckenhet","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hård","gloss":"solid","note":"Here used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'."},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bildade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bildade","lemma":"bilda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on is","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fält","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"oskadade","lemma":"oskadade","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stora","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"fält","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of bildade","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":63,"label":"21","id":"ch25-p21-s1","source":"Men den värsta faran för barnen var, att de inte hade någon överblick av isen.","translation":"But the worst danger for the children was that they had no overview of the ice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of faran","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"värsta","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies faran","gloss":"worst"},{"surface":"faran","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barnen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies faran","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of var","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of överblick","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"överblick","lemma":"överblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"overview"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies överblick","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch25-p21-s2","source":"De kunde inte se var rämnorna voro så vida, att de omöjligt kunde komma över dem.","translation":"They could not see where the rifts were so wide that it was impossible to cross them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to voro","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rämnorna","lemma":"rämnorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the rifts"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vid","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies se","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch25-p21-s3","source":"De visste inte var de stora isflaken funnos, som kunde bära dem.","translation":"They did not know where the great ice floes were to be found that could bear their weight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to funnos","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of isflaken","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies isflaken","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"isflaken","lemma":"isflak","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of funnos","gloss":"ice floe"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"existed","note":"Old plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bära","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bära","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"bära","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on funnos","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of bära","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch25-p21-s4","source":"Därför irrade de omkring hit och dit, fram och tillbaka.","translation":"So they wandered about here and there, back and forth.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies irrade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"irrade","lemma":"irra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of irrade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hit","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of irrade","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with hit","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies irrade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch25-p21-s5","source":"De kommo utåt sjön i stället för att nalkas land.","translation":"They came out farther onto the lake instead of nearing the shore.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"utåt","lemma":"utåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sjön","gloss":"out farther"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of nalkas","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of nalkas","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"nalkas","lemma":"nalka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"draws near"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive nalkas","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch25-p21-s6","source":"De blevo så rådvilla och förskräckta ute på den bristande isen, att de till sist bara stodo stilla och gräto.","translation":"They became so bewildered and frightened out on the crumbling ice that at last they simply stood still and wept.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli (\"to become\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"rådvilla","lemma":"rådvill","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of blevo","gloss":"bewildered"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"förskräckta","lemma":"förskräckt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with blevo","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förskräckta","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of isen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bristande","lemma":"bristande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies isen","gloss":"cracking"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förskräckta","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stodo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying isen","gloss":"stood","note":"Historical plural past form of stå."},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gräto","lemma":"gräto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"wept","note":"Gräto is the historical plural past form of gråta."}]},{"number":69,"label":"22","id":"ch25-p22-s1","source":"Då kom en fylking vildgäss i skarp flykt susande fram över dem.","translation":"Then a flock of wild geese came whizzing over them in swift flight.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fylking","title":"«fylking»","body":"An old, literary word for a marshalled troop or host — historically a battle formation. Using it for a skein of geese gives their arrival a mock-heroic, almost military weight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fylking","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fylking","lemma":"fylking","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vildgäss","gloss":"formation"},{"surface":"vildgäss","lemma":"vildgäss","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"wild geese"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flykt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skarp","lemma":"skarp","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flykt","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"flykt","lemma":"flykt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vildgäss","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"susande","lemma":"susande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"whizzing"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch25-p22-s2","source":"De ropade högt och starkt, och det märkvärdiga var, att mitt i gåskacklet hörde barnen orden: »Ni ska gå till höger, till höger, till höger!»","translation":"They cried out loudly and strongly, and the remarkable thing was that, in the midst of the goose-cackle, the children heard the words: \"Go to the right, to the right, to the right!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"loudly","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"starkt","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with högt","gloss":"strongly","note":"Adverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of märkvärdiga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"märkvärdiga","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with ropade","gloss":"the strange thing","note":"used substantively as 'det märkvärdiga' (the remarkable/strange thing)."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on märkvärdiga","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskacklet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gåskacklet","lemma":"gåskackl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"goose-cackle"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on märkvärdiga","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"indirect object of hörde","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"orden","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"the words","note":"Surface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag."},{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"höger","lemma":"höger","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"right (side)"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"höger","lemma":"höger","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"right (side)"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"höger","lemma":"höger","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"right (side)"}]},{"number":71,"label":"23","id":"ch25-p23-s1","source":"De satte sig genast i rörelse och följde rådet, men det dröjde inte länge, förrän de på nytt stodo rådvilla framför en bred rämna.","translation":"They set off at once and followed the advice, but it was not long before they again stood at a loss in front of a wide rift.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rörelse","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"rörelse","lemma":"rörelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"rådet","lemma":"råd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of följde","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dröjde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dröjde","lemma":"dröj","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"was long in coming","note":"Idiomatic: \"det dröjde inte länge\" = \"it was not long before.\""},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröjde","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies de","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on dröjde","gloss":"stood","note":"Historical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense."},{"surface":"rådvilla","lemma":"rådvilla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stodo","gloss":"at a loss"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rämna","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rämna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rämna","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"rämna","lemma":"rämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"a crack","note":"Most occurrences are the noun 'a crack/rift'; one is the verb 'to crack'."}]},{"number":72,"label":"24","id":"ch25-p24-s1","source":"Åter hörde de gässen skrika över deras huvuden, och i gåskacklet urskilde de ett par ord: »Stå stilla, där ni ä’! Stå stilla, där ni ä’!»","translation":"Again they heard the geese screaming over their heads, and in the cackle they made out a couple of words: \"Stand still where you are! Stand still where you are!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ä’","title":"Dialect elision «ä'»","body":"«ä’» is a spoken, dialectal shortening of «är» ('are'), with the apostrophe marking the dropped «r» — Lagerlöf uses it to render the geese's cry as heard speech rather than tidy written Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Åter","lemma":"Åter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"again","note":"Mistagged as a noun; this is the adverb åter (\"again\")."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"skrika","lemma":"skrika","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"scream"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvuden","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of huvuden","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"huvuden","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of skrika","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåskacklet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gåskacklet","lemma":"gåskackl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of urskilde","gloss":"goose-cackle"},{"surface":"urskilde","lemma":"urskila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hörde","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of urskilde","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ord","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of urskilde","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Stå","lemma":"Stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on »","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Stå","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ä","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ä","lemma":"ä","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase där","gloss":"are","note":"Dialectal contraction of 'är' (is/are), used in direct speech."},{"surface":"Stå","lemma":"Stå","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stå","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Stå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ä","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ä","lemma":"ä","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase där","gloss":"are","note":"Dialectal contraction of 'är' (is/are), used in direct speech."}]},{"number":73,"label":"25","id":"ch25-p25-s1","source":"Barnen sade inte ett ord till varandra om det, som de hörde, men de lydde och stodo stilla.","translation":"The children said not a word to each other about what they heard, but they obeyed and stood still.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"sa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ord","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking varandra","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of det","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive lydde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lydde","lemma":"lydde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with det","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with lydde","gloss":"stood","note":"Archaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch25-p25-s2","source":"Snart därpå gledo isstyckena samman, så att de kunde komma över rämnan.","translation":"Soon after, the pieces of ice slid together so that they could cross the rift.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies därpå","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gledo","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"gledo","lemma":"gledo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies isstyckena","gloss":"glided","note":"Gledo is the historical plural past form of glida."},{"surface":"isstyckena","lemma":"isstycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the pieces of ice"},{"surface":"samman","lemma":"samman","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on isstyckena","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on isstyckena","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rämnan","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"rämnan","lemma":"rämna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"crevice"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch25-p25-s3","source":"Då togo de varandra åter i hand och sprungo.","translation":"Then they took each other by the hand again and ran.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies togo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of togo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of togo","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"åter","lemma":"åter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies togo","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies åter","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with togo","gloss":"ran","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo)."}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch25-p25-s4","source":"De voro ängsliga inte bara för faran, utan också för hjälpen, som de hade fått.","translation":"They were anxious not only about the danger, but also about the help they had received.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of faran","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies faran","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"ängsliga","lemma":"ängslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies faran","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ängsliga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies faran","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking faran","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"faran","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hjälpen","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hjälpen","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hjälpen","lemma":"hjälp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with faran","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on hjälpen","gloss":"received"}]},{"number":77,"label":"26","id":"ch25-p26-s1","source":"De måste snart stanna i ny tvekan, men genast hörde de en röst tränga ner till dem.","translation":"They soon had to stop again in fresh hesitation, but at once they heard a voice reach down to them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stanna","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tvekan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ny","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tvekan","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"tvekan","lemma":"tvekan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stanna","gloss":"hesitation"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stanna","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of röst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"tränga","lemma":"tränga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"to force one's way"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tränga","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch25-p26-s2","source":"»Rätt framåt! Rätt framåt! Rätt framåt!» sade rösten.","translation":"\"Straight ahead! Straight ahead! Straight ahead!\" said the voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies framåt","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"Rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Rätt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"Rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies »","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Rätt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"rösten","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":79,"label":"27","id":"ch25-p27-s1","source":"Detta fortgick väl en halvtimme, men då voro de framme vid den långa Lungersudden och kunde lämna isen och vada i land.","translation":"This went on for a good half hour, but then they arrived at the long Lungersudden point and were able to leave the ice and wade ashore.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Lungersudden","title":"Lungersudden","body":"A real headland on Lake Hjälmaren where the children finally reach dry land — another named point on the map that anchors the chapter's flight across the ice."}],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fortgick","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fortgick","lemma":"fortgå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortgick","gloss":"a good"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of halvtimme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"halvtimme","lemma":"halvtimme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fortgick","gloss":"half hour"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of framme","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"part of the phrase då","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'vara' (to be), modern 'var'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of framme","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"framme","lemma":"framme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with halvtimme","gloss":"arrived, at the destination","note":"Framme consistently conveys 'arrived at / at one's destination' (voro framme vid berget = 'were already at the mountain'; voro framme vid ... Lungersudden = 'arrived at'), not a bare locative 'there'."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lungersudden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Lungersudden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Lungersudden","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Lungersudden","lemma":"Lungersudd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of framme","gloss":"Lungersudden point"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"lämna","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with fortgick","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämna","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vada","lemma":"vada","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with isen","gloss":"wade"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"ashore"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vada","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch25-p27-s2","source":"Det märktes hur rädda de hade varit, för när de hade kommit på fast mark, stannade de inte en gång och sågo åt sjön, där vågorna nu började välva isblocken allt häftigare, utan bara gingo på.","translation":"It showed how frightened they had been, for once they had reached solid ground, they did not so much as stop to look back at the lake, where the waves now began to churn the ice blocks ever more fiercely, but simply walked on.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with märktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"märktes","lemma":"märktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was evident"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rädda","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"rädda","lemma":"rädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of märktes","gloss":"afraid","note":"Merges plural of the adjective 'rädd' (afraid) with forms of the unrelated verb 'rädda' (to save); sense depends entirely on context."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"modifies märktes","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on stannade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mark","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mark","gloss":"solid","note":"Here used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'."},{"surface":"mark","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märktes","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stannade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stannade","gloss":"so much as"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vågorna","lemma":"vågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sjön","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"välva","lemma":"välv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies isblocken","gloss":"churn"},{"surface":"isblocken","lemma":"isblocke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"the ice blocks"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies häftigare","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"häftigare","lemma":"häftig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies började","gloss":"more fiercely"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gingo","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch25-p27-s3","source":"Men när de hade kommit ett stycke upp på udden, stannade Åsa plötsligt.","translation":"But when they had come some way up onto the point, Åsa suddenly stopped.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on stannade","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking udden","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"udden","lemma":"udd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"point (of land)"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"plötsligt","lemma":"plötslig","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of stannade","gloss":"suddenly"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch25-p27-s4","source":"»Vänta här, lille Mats!» sade hon.","translation":"\"Wait here, little Mats!\" she said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vänta","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wait!"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vänta","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"parallel clause to Vänta","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch25-p27-s5","source":"»Det är något, som jag har glömt.»","translation":"\"There's something I've forgotten.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with något","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to något","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of glömt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glömt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of glömt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"glömt","lemma":"glömma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on något","gloss":"forgotten"}]},{"number":84,"label":"28","id":"ch25-p28-s1","source":"Åsa gåsapiga gick ner till stranden igen.","translation":"Åsa the goose girl went back down to the shore.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åsa","lemma":"Åsa","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies gåsapiga","gloss":"Åsa"},{"surface":"gåsapiga","lemma":"gåsapiga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"goose girl","note":"mistagged as an adjective; it is the compound noun for the goose-tending girl, used here as an epithet with the name Åsa."},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"ch25-p28-s2","source":"Där ställde hon sig att gräva i sin påse och fick till sist fram en liten träsko, som hon satte på en sten, där den syntes mycket tydligt.","translation":"There she set about digging in her bag and at last brought out a little wooden shoe, which she set on a stone where it could be seen very clearly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"träsko","title":"«träsko»","body":"A «träsko» is a wooden clog or shoe, everyday rural footwear in this period — the token Åsa leaves behind, expecting a certain white goose to come looking for it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställde","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set about"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställde","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gräva","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gräva","lemma":"gräva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of ställde","gloss":"dig"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking påse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of påse","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"påse","lemma":"påse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gräva","gloss":"bag"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ställde","gloss":"brought out"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of träsko","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies träsko","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"träsko","lemma":"träsko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"wooden shoe"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on träsko","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies syntes","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of syntes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"relative clause on sten","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tydligt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies syntes","gloss":"clear"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch25-p28-s3","source":"Sedan gick hon tillbaka till lille Mats utan att se sig om en enda gång.","translation":"Then she went back to little Mats without looking back a single time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mats","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lille","lemma":"lille","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mats","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Mats","lemma":"Mats","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"Mats"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gick","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":87,"label":"29","id":"ch25-p29-s1","source":"Men inte förr hade hon vänt ryggen till, än en stor, vit gås sköt ner ur luften som en blixt, nappade till sig träskon och höjde sig med samma fart uppåt igen.","translation":"But no sooner had she turned her back than a big white goose shot down out of the sky like lightning, snatched up the wooden shoe, and rose upward again with the same speed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vänt","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vänt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vänt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"vänt","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vänt","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stor","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vänt","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"gås","lemma":"gås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"goose"},{"surface":"sköt","lemma":"sköt","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vänt","gloss":"shot","note":"Past tense of 'skjuta' (to shoot/push); mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sköt","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sköt","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blixt","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of blixt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"blixt","lemma":"blixt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of sköt","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"nappade","lemma":"nappa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying blixt","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"snatched up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of nappade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"träskon","lemma":"träskon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with blixt","gloss":"the clog","note":"This is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höjde","lemma":"höjde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sköt","gloss":"rose","note":"almost always reflexive höjde sig, 'rose (into the air)'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fart","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of fart","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjde","gloss":"speed"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höjde","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppåt","gloss":"again"}]}]}