{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch27","title":{"source":"I Bergslagerna","translated":"In Bergslagen"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch27","lines":77},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch26","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch28","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch27-p1-s1","source":"Vildgässen hade en besvärlig färd.","translation":"The wild geese had a difficult journey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of färd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"besvärlig","lemma":"besvärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies färd","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"färd","lemma":"färd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch27-p1-s2","source":"Sedan de hade spisat frukost på åkrarna i Fellingsbro, var det deras mening att styra rätt norrut över Västmanland, men västanvinden tog till i styrka och vräkte dem i stället österut ända bort mot Upplandsgränsen.","translation":"After they had breakfasted in the fields at Fellingsbro, it was their intention to head due north over Västmanland, but the west wind grew stronger and instead flung them eastward, all the way toward the border of Uppland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"V2: verb before subject","body":"When a subordinate clause («Sedan de hade spisat frukost...») opens the sentence, the main clause still obeys the verb-second (V2) rule: the finite verb «var» comes right after it, ahead of the subject «det». Swedish keeps the verb in second position no matter what element is fronted.","term":"var det"}],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of spisat","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of spisat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of spisat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"spisat","lemma":"spisa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on mening","gloss":"eaten"},{"surface":"frukost","lemma":"frukost","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of spisat","gloss":"breakfast"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkrarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"åkrarna","lemma":"åkr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of spisat","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Fellingsbro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Fellingsbro","lemma":"Fellingsbro","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies åkrarna","gloss":"Fellingsbro","note":"Place name, a parish in Västmanland."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to mening","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with mening","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of mening","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"mening","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"intention"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of styra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"styra","lemma":"styra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying mening","gloss":"to head"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies norrut","gloss":"due"},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of styra","gloss":"northward","note":"Adverb meaning 'to the north', tagged as a noun."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västmanland","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Västmanland","lemma":"Västmanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of styra","gloss":"Västmanland"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"västanvinden","lemma":"västanvind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"west wind"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with mening","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking styrka","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"styrka","lemma":"styrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vräkte","lemma":"vräka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of vräkte","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies vräkte","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"stället","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"österut","lemma":"österut","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"eastward"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Upplandsgränsen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Upplandsgränsen","lemma":"Upplandsgränsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vräkte","gloss":"the Uppland border"}]},{"number":3,"label":"2","id":"ch27-p2-s1","source":"De foro högt uppe, och vinden kastade dem framåt med stark fart.","translation":"They flew high up, and the wind hurled them forward at great speed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"högt","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppe","gloss":"high","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kastade","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with foro","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fart","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastade","gloss":"speed"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch27-p2-s2","source":"Pojken satt och tittade ner för att få reda på hur det såg ut i Västmanland, men kunde inte mycket urskilja.","translation":"The boy sat looking down to find out what Västmanland looked like, but he could make out little.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tittade","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tittade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"find out"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on få","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västmanland","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Västmanland","lemma":"Västmanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"Västmanland"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of urskilja","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies urskilja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies urskilja","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"urskilja","lemma":"urskilja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"to make out"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch27-p2-s3","source":"Han märkte nog, att det var jämnt och slätt här i östra delen av landskapet, men han kunde inte förstå vad det var för fåror och streck, som löpte från norr till söder tvärsöver slätten.","translation":"He did notice that it was flat and even here in the eastern part of the province, but he could not make out what the furrows and lines were that ran from north to south across the plain.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«landskap» — historic province","body":"A «landskap» is one of Sweden's traditional provinces (here, Västmanland) — an older cultural and geographic unit that still shapes how Swedes describe the country, distinct from the modern administrative «län».","term":"landskapet"}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jämnt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of jämnt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to jämnt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"jämnt","lemma":"jämn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of märkte","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slätt","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with jämnt","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jämnt","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"öster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"delen","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of jämnt","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskapet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"landskapet","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstå","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förstå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with märkte","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förstå","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåror","gloss":"sort of"},{"surface":"fåror","lemma":"fåra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"furrows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"streck","lemma":"streck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with fåror","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of löpte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on streck","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies löpte","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tvärsöver","gloss":"to south"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tvärsöver","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"tvärsöver","lemma":"tvärsöv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of löpte","gloss":"straight across","note":"Lemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver."},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of löpte","gloss":"plain"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch27-p2-s4","source":"Det såg rätt besynnerligt ut, därför att alla ränderna gingo nästan raka med jämna mellanrum.","translation":"It looked rather peculiar, because all the stripes ran almost straight, at even intervals.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Archaic plural verb: gingo","body":"Before Sweden's 1906 spelling and grammar reform, strong verbs still marked plural agreement in the past tense: «gingo» is the plural preterite of «gå» ('to go/run'), used because the subject «ränderna» is plural. Modern Swedish uses the single invariant form «gick» for every person and number.","term":"gingo"}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besynnerligt","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"besynnerligt","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of gingo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ränderna","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ränderna","lemma":"ränd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gingo","gloss":"stripes"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies raka","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"raka","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mellanrum","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"jämna","lemma":"jämn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies mellanrum","gloss":"even/level"},{"surface":"mellanrum","lemma":"mellanrum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"intervals"}]},{"number":7,"label":"3","id":"ch27-p3-s1","source":"»Det här landet är lika randigt som mors förkläde,» sade pojken.","translation":"“This land is as striped as mother's apron,” said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«randig» — striped","body":"«Randig» means 'striped, banded' — from «rand», a stripe or streak. The boy's homely comparison to an apron sets up the birds' geography riddle that follows.","term":"randigt"}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of randigt","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to randigt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lika","lemma":"lika","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies randigt","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"randigt","lemma":"randig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"striped"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of förkläde","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"mors","lemma":"ma","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of förkläde","gloss":"mother's"},{"surface":"förkläde","lemma":"förkläde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of randigt","gloss":"apron"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with randigt","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch27-p3-s2","source":"»Jag undrar vad det är för slags ränder, som stryker fram över det.»","translation":"“I wonder what kind of stripes these are, running across it.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ränder","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ränder","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ränder","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ränder","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"slags","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of ränder","gloss":"kind of","note":"Genitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'."},{"surface":"ränder","lemma":"rand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clausal complement of undrar","gloss":"stripes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stryker","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stryker","lemma":"stryka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ränder","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stryker","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stryker","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":9,"label":"4","id":"ch27-p4-s1","source":"»Åar och åsar, vägar och järnvägar,» svarade vildgässen.","translation":"“Rivers and ridges, roads and railways,” answered the wild geese.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åar","lemma":"Åar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Åar","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"vägar","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with åsar","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"järnvägar","lemma":"järnväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Åar","gloss":"railways"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svarade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch27-p4-s2","source":"»Åar och åsar, vägar och järnvägar.»","translation":"“Rivers and ridges, roads and railways.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åar","lemma":"Åar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Åar","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"vägar","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with åsar","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"järnvägar","lemma":"järnväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with Åar","gloss":"railways"}]},{"number":11,"label":"5","id":"ch27-p5-s1","source":"Och detta var verkligen sant, för när gässen kastades mot öster, hade de först farit över Hedströmmen, som går fram mellan två åsar och ledsagas av en järnväg.","translation":"And this was really true, for when the geese were driven eastward, they had first flown over the Hedström river, which runs between two ridges and is accompanied by a railway.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«ås» — a glacial ridge","body":"An «ås» is a long, narrow ridge of glacial gravel — a landform common across central Sweden that often carries roads and railways along its dry, elevated crest, exactly as the geese describe.","term":"åsar"}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sant","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sant","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"sant","lemma":"sant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kastades","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kastades","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gässen","lemma":"gässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive kastades","gloss":"geese","note":"gässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem."},{"surface":"kastades","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on sant","gloss":"were driven"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kastades","gloss":"eastward"},{"surface":"öster","lemma":"öster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase mot","gloss":"east"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to sant","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hedströmmen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Hedströmmen","lemma":"Hedströmmen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of farit","gloss":"Hedström river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of går","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Hedströmmen","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on går","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsar","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies åsar","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ledsagas","lemma":"ledsaga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with går","gloss":"is accompanied"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking järnväg","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of järnväg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"järnväg","lemma":"järnväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of ledsagas","gloss":"railway"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch27-p5-s2","source":"Sedan hade de råkat Kolbäcksån, som har en järnväg på ena sidan och en ås med en landsväg på den andra.","translation":"Then they had come upon the Kolbäck river, which has a railway on one side and a ridge with a highway on the other.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkat","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of råkat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of råkat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"råkat","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come upon"},{"surface":"Kolbäcksån","lemma":"Kolbäcksån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of råkat","gloss":"the Kolbäck river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Kolbäcksån","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of järnväg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"järnväg","lemma":"järnväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"railway"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ås","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landsväg","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of landsväg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"landsväg","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"highway"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landsväg","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch27-p5-s3","source":"Därpå hade de mött Svartån, som också följes av åsar och landsvägar, så Lillån med Badelundsåsen och sist Sagån, som har både landsväg och järnväg på högra stranden.","translation":"After that they had met the Svartå river, which is likewise followed by ridges and highways, then the Lillå with the Badelund ridge, and last the Sagå, which has both a highway and a railway on its right bank.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"S-passive: «följes»","body":"The «-s» ending turns an active verb into a passive one without needing «bli» or «vara» plus a participle: «följes av» = 'is followed by'. This compact s-passive is common in written Swedish for describing ongoing states.","term":"följes"}],"words":[{"surface":"Därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of mött","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mött","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of mött","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"mött","lemma":"mött","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"Svartån","lemma":"Svartån","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of mött","gloss":"the Svartå river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of följes","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies följes","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"följes","lemma":"följes","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on Svartån","gloss":"is followed"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsar","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of följes","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"landsvägar","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with åsar","gloss":"highways"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Lillån","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Lillån","lemma":"Lillån","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"parallel clause to mött","gloss":"the Lillå"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Badelundsåsen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Badelundsåsen","lemma":"Badelundsåsen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Lillån","gloss":"Badelundsåsen"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sagån","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"Sagån","lemma":"Sagån","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Badelundsåsen","gloss":"the Sagå river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Sagån","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"landsväg","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"highway"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"järnväg","lemma":"järnväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"railway"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"högra","lemma":"högr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":14,"label":"6","id":"ch27-p6-s1","source":"»Aldrig förr har jag sett så många vägar, som alla kommer från ett håll,» tänkte pojken.","translation":"“Never before have I seen so many roads, all coming from one direction,” thought the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aldrig","lemma":"Aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on sett","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vägar","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"vägar","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vägar","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommer","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to sett","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch27-p6-s2","source":"»Det måtte vara mycket varor, som ska fraktas genom det här landet norrifrån.»","translation":"“There must be a great many goods that need carrying through this country from the north.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of måtte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varor","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to varor","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varor","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"varor","lemma":"vara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive fraktas","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fraktas","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"fraktas","lemma":"frakta","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on varor","gloss":"be carried"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fraktas","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"norrifrån","lemma":"norrifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"from the north"}]},{"number":16,"label":"7","id":"ch27-p7-s1","source":"På samma gång tyckte han, att detta var märkvärdigt, för han trodde, att norr om Västmanland skulle det nära på vara slut med Sverige.","translation":"At the same time he thought this was remarkable, for he believed that north of Västmanland, Sweden would almost be at an end.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tyckte","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkvärdigt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of märkvärdigt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trodde","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on märkvärdigt","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slut","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slut","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västmanland","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Västmanland","lemma":"Västmanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of norr","gloss":"Västmanland"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slut","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of slut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slut","gloss":"almost","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slut","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to slut","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"slut","lemma":"slut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on märkvärdigt","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sverige","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Sverige","lemma":"Sverige","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of slut","gloss":"Sweden"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch27-p7-s2","source":"Det, som fanns kvar av landet, kunde väl inte vara stort annat än skog och ödemark, menade han.","translation":"What remained of the country could surely be little more than forest and wilderness, he reckoned.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"relative clause on Det","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fanns","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stort","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to stort","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"little more","note":"Adverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'."},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skog","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skog","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"skog","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Det","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ödemark","lemma":"ödemark","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with skog","gloss":"wilderness"},{"surface":"menade","lemma":"mena","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Det","gloss":"meant/thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of menade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":18,"label":"8","id":"ch27-p8-s1","source":"När vildgässen hade blivit drivna ända bort till Sagån, måtte Akka ha förstått, att de hade kommit åt helt annat håll, än hon önskade, för här vände hon med flocken och började att i svår motvind arbeta sig tillbaka mot väster.","translation":"When the wild geese had been driven all the way to the Sagå, Akka must have realized that they had come in quite the wrong direction from the one she wanted, for here she turned the flock around and began, against a hard headwind, to work her way back toward the west.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"«bli»-passive","body":"«Bli» (here «blivit», supine) plus a past participle («drivna») forms Swedish's other passive voice, alongside the «-s» passive: 'had come to be driven' = 'had been driven'. It tends to emphasize the resulting change of state.","term":"blivit drivna"},{"kind":"grammar","title":"Modal «måtte» + perfect infinitive","body":"«Måtte» + «ha» + supine expresses a confident inference about the past: 'must have understood'. It is the epistemic, not obligatory, sense of «måste/måtte».","term":"måtte...ha förstått"}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förstått","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"drivna","lemma":"drivna","morphology":"verb, past, participle, plural, nominative","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drivna","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sagån","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Sagån","lemma":"Sagån","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of drivna","gloss":"the Sagå river"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies Akka","gloss":"must have"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of förstått","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of förstått","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"förstått","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of förstått","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annat","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of önskade","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of önskade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"önskade","lemma":"önska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"turned","note":"Really the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flocken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"flocken","lemma":"flock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of arbeta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking motvind","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"svår","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies motvind","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"motvind","lemma":"motvind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of arbeta","gloss":"headwind"},{"surface":"arbeta","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of arbeta","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbeta","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väster","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"väster","lemma":"väster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"west"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch27-p8-s2","source":"De foro alltså än en gång över den randiga slätten och fortsatte sedan inåt västra delen av landskapet, som bestod av skogiga bergstrakter.","translation":"So they flew once more over the striped plain and then continued into the western part of the province, which consisted of wooded highlands.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gång","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"alltså","lemma":"alltså","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of slätten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"randiga","lemma":"randig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies slätten","gloss":"striped"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortsatte","lemma":"fortsatte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gång","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortsatte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"inåt","lemma":"inåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"into/inward"},{"surface":"västra","lemma":"västra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"western"},{"surface":"delen","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fortsatte","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskapet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"landskapet","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies delen","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bestod","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on delen","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergstrakter","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"skogiga","lemma":"skogig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bergstrakter","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"bergstrakter","lemma":"bergstrakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of bestod","gloss":"highlands"}]},{"number":20,"label":"9","id":"ch27-p9-s1","source":"Så länge som pojken hade farit över slätten, hade han suttit framåtlutad över gåshalsen och sett ner, men när den upphörde och han såg, att det låg stora skogstrakter framför honom, satte han sig upprätt och tänkte, att han skulle vila ögonen, för där marken var täckt med skog, brukade det inte finnas mycket att se på.","translation":"As long as the boy had been flying over the plain, he had sat leaning forward over the goose's neck, looking down, but when the plain ended and he saw great forest tracts lying before him, he sat up straight and thought he would rest his eyes, for where the ground was covered with forest, there was not usually much to see.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"«bruka» — habitual past","body":"«Brukade» (from «bruka») marks a habitual or usual state in the past: 'used to be', 'was usually the case' — here, that forested ground usually offered little to look at.","term":"brukade"}],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of farit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on suttit","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of farit","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on satte","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"framåtlutad","lemma":"framåtluta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of suttit","gloss":"leaning forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåshalsen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"gåshalsen","lemma":"gåshals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of framåtlutad","gloss":"goose's neck"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sett","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of upphörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of upphörde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"upphörde","lemma":"upphörde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"ceased/ended"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skogstrakter","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skogstrakter","lemma":"skogstrakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"forest tracts"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of satte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"upprätt","lemma":"upprätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of satte","gloss":"upright","note":"Actually the adjective/adverb 'upprätt' (upright/standing), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vila","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vila","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vila","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of satte","gloss":"to rest"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of vila","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of täckt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies täckt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of täckt","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to täckt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"täckt","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vila","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skog","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"skog","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of täckt","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satte","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finnas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on brukade","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on finnas","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"at"}]},{"number":21,"label":"10","id":"ch27-p10-s1","source":"När de hade flugit fram en stund över skogsåsar och småsjöar, fick pojken höra något, som gnisslade och liksom jämrade sig nere på marken.","translation":"When they had flown on for a while over wooded ridges and small lakes, the boy heard something down on the ground that creaked and seemed almost to groan.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flugit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of flugit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flugit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"flugit","lemma":"fluga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on fick","gloss":"flown"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flugit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flugit","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsåsar","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"skogsåsar","lemma":"skogsås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flugit","gloss":"wooded ridges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"småsjöar","lemma":"småsjöar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with skogsåsar","gloss":"small lakes"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fick","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of höra","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gnisslade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gnisslade","lemma":"gnissla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"creaked"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of jämrade","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"jämrade","lemma":"jämra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gnisslade","gloss":"moaned"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of jämrade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jämrade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":22,"label":"11","id":"ch27-p11-s1","source":"Då måste han luta sig framöver och se ner förstås.","translation":"Then he simply had to lean forward and look down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies luta","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of luta","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of luta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"luta","lemma":"luta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lean"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of luta","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"framöver","lemma":"framöver","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies luta","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with luta","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"förstås","lemma":"förstås","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"of course"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch27-p11-s2","source":"Vildgässen foro inte särdeles fort nu, när de kämpade sig fram i motvind, utan han kunde se landet under sig mycket tydligt.","translation":"The wild geese were not flying particularly fast now, struggling as they were against the headwind, so he could see the land beneath him very clearly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"possessor of foro","gloss":"the wild geese"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of särdeles","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kämpade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kämpade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kämpade","lemma":"kämpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on särdeles","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kämpade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kämpade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking motvind","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"motvind","lemma":"motvind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kämpade","gloss":"headwind"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kämpade","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tydligt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"tydligt","lemma":"tydlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"clearly"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch27-p11-s3","source":"Det första, som han märkte, var ett svart hål, som bar rätt ner i jorden, över hålet var rest ett hissverk av grova stockar, och hissverket hämtade just med gnissel och tjut upp en tunna, lastad med stenstycken.","translation":"The first thing he noticed was a black hole leading straight down into the ground; over the hole a hoisting rig of thick logs had been raised, and the rig was just then hauling up, with a creaking and a wailing, a tub loaded with pieces of stone.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"Particle verb «hämta upp»","body":"«Hämta upp» ('fetch up', 'haul up') is a particle verb: «hämta» plus the particle «upp» changes the meaning to a directed, completed action, with the particle able to move away from the verb, as it does here.","term":"hämtade...upp"}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of första","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of hål","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of märkte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on första","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hål","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hål","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hål","gloss":"black","note":"The lemma should be svart (\"black\"); the parser mistagged the surface \"svart\" under the noun svar (\"answer\")."},{"surface":"hål","lemma":"hål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of rest","gloss":"hole"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on hål","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ner","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bar","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hålet","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hålet","lemma":"hål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with hål","gloss":"hole"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rest","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rest","lemma":"rest","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"built","note":"Past participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hissverk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hissverk","lemma":"hissverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of rest","gloss":"hoisting rig"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stockar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"grova","lemma":"grov","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stockar","gloss":"coarse"},{"surface":"stockar","lemma":"stock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hissverk","gloss":"logs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hissverket","lemma":"hissverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hämtade","gloss":"hoisting rig"},{"surface":"hämtade","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rest","gloss":"fetched"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gnissel","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gnissel","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gnissel","lemma":"gnissel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hämtade","gloss":"creaking"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tjut","lemma":"tjut","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gnissel","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tjut","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tunna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tunna","lemma":"tunn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"direct object of tjut","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"lastad","lemma":"lasta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with tunna","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenstycken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stenstycken","lemma":"stenstyck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies lastad","gloss":"pieces of stone"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch27-p11-s4","source":"Runt omkring lågo stora stenhögar, en ångmaskin flåsade i ett skjul, kvinnor och barn sutto i en ring på marken och sorterade stenar, på en smal hästbana rullade några vagnar, lastade med gråa stenstycken, och i skogsbrynet lågo små arbetarbostäder.","translation":"All around lay great heaps of stone, a steam engine panted in a shed, women and children sat in a ring on the ground sorting stones, along a narrow horse-track a few wagons rolled by, loaded with gray pieces of stone, and at the edge of the forest stood small workers' cottages.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Archaic plural verb: sutto","body":"«Sutto» is the pre-reform plural preterite of «sitta» ('to sit'), matching the plural subject «kvinnor och barn». Modern Swedish uses «satt» for every person and number.","term":"sutto"}],"words":[{"surface":"Runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lågo","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies stenhögar","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenhögar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"stenhögar","lemma":"stenhög","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive sutto","gloss":"heaps of stone"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ångmaskin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ångmaskin","lemma":"ångmaskin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flåsade","gloss":"steam engine"},{"surface":"flåsade","lemma":"flåsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to stenhögar","gloss":"panted"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skjul","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skjul","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skjul","lemma":"skjul","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of flåsade","gloss":"shed"},{"surface":"kvinnor","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with skjul","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"barn","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with skjul","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"sutto","lemma":"sutto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic plural past tense of sitta (they sat), not a noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ring","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ring","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ring","lemma":"ring","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sutto","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ring","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sorterade","lemma":"sortera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"sorting"},{"surface":"stenar","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sorterade","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hästbana","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hästbana","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smal","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hästbana","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"hästbana","lemma":"hästbana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rullade","gloss":"horse-track"},{"surface":"rullade","lemma":"rulla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sutto","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vagnar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"vagnar","lemma":"vagn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of rullade","gloss":"wagons"},{"surface":"lastade","lemma":"lasta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with rullade","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenstycken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gråa","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenstycken","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"stenstycken","lemma":"stenstycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of lastade","gloss":"pieces of stone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetarbostäder","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"skogsbrynet","lemma":"skogsbryn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"edge of the forest"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies arbetarbostäder","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies arbetarbostäder","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"arbetarbostäder","lemma":"arbetarbostäd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with rullade","gloss":"workers' cottages"}]},{"number":26,"label":"12","id":"ch27-p12-s1","source":"Pojken kunde inte begripa vad detta var för något, och han ropade med full hals neråt marken: »Vad är det här för ett ställe, där de hämtar opp så mycket gråsten ur jorden?»","translation":"The boy could not make out what all this was, and he called down at the top of his voice: “What kind of place is this, where they haul up so much gray stone out of the ground?”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«gråsten» — common gray stone","body":"«Gråsten» is ordinary fieldstone or granite, worthless for smelting — the boy's mistake, which the sparrows mock, is confusing it with the valuable «järnmalm» (iron ore) actually being hauled up.","term":"gråsten"}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of för","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of för","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to för","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of begripa","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with begripa","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hals","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hals","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"hals","lemma":"hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Vad","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hämtar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hämtar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hämtar","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"haul up"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hämtar","gloss":"up","note":"Colloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hämtar","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"gråsten","lemma":"gråst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hämtar","gloss":"gray stone"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gråsten","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":27,"label":"13","id":"ch27-p13-s1","source":"»Hör på det nötet! Hör på det nötet!» kvittrade sparvarna, som voro hemma på platsen och hade väl reda på sig.","translation":"“Listen to the fool! Listen to the fool!” twittered the sparrows, who were at home on the spot and knew well enough what was what.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Archaic plural verb: voro","body":"«Voro» is the pre-reform plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'), agreeing with the plural subject «sparvarna». Modern Swedish uses invariant «var» for all persons and numbers.","term":"voro"}],"words":[{"surface":"Hör","lemma":"Hör","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear/listen"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nötet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of nötet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nötet","lemma":"nöt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Hör","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"Hör","lemma":"Hör","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear/listen"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nötet","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of nötet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nötet","lemma":"nöt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Hör","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"kvittrade","lemma":"kvittra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sparvarna","gloss":"twittered","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'kvittrade' is the past tense of the verb 'kvittra' (to twitter, chirp)."},{"surface":"sparvarna","lemma":"sparva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of Hör","gloss":"the sparrows"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sparvarna","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking platsen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"platsen","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hemma","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hade","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"what's what"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch27-p13-s2","source":"»Han kan inte skilja järnmalm från gråsten. Han kan inte skilja järnmalm från gråsten.»","translation":"“He can't tell iron ore from gray stone. He can't tell iron ore from gray stone.”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«järnmalm» — iron ore","body":"Iron ore is the raw material behind Bergslagen's mines, furnaces, and forges — the resource this whole chapter's journey keeps circling back to.","term":"järnmalm"}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skilja","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skilja","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies skilja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skilja","lemma":"skilja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"järnmalm","lemma":"järnmalm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skilja","gloss":"iron ore"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gråsten","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"gråsten","lemma":"gråst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skilja","gloss":"gray stone"},{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skilja","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skilja","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies skilja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skilja","lemma":"skilja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"järnmalm","lemma":"järnmalm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skilja","gloss":"iron ore"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gråsten","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"gråsten","lemma":"gråst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skilja","gloss":"gray stone"}]},{"number":29,"label":"14","id":"ch27-p14-s1","source":"Då förstod pojken, att det, som han såg, var en gruva.","translation":"Then the boy understood that what he had seen was a mine.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«gruva» — mine","body":"«Gruva» is a mine, specifically here an open-pit ore mine — the first of several kinds of mining and metalworking sites the boy flies over in this chapter.","term":"gruva"}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gruva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gruva","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gruva","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gruva","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gruva","lemma":"gruva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying pojken","gloss":"mine"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch27-p14-s2","source":"Han blev rätt besviken, för han hade tänkt, att gruvor skulle ligga på höga berg, men den här låg på släta marken mellan ett par bergåsar.","translation":"He was rather disappointed, for he had imagined that mines lay on tall mountains, but this one lay on flat ground between a couple of low ridges.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besviken","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"besviken","lemma":"besviken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"disappointed"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tänkt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ligga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gruvor","lemma":"gruvor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tänkt","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of ligga","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"släta","lemma":"slät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergåsar","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bergåsar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"bergåsar","lemma":"bergås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"ridges"}]},{"number":31,"label":"15","id":"ch27-p15-s1","source":"Snart hade de lämnat den bakom sig, och pojken satt på nytt och stirrade rätt framåt, för granskogsåsarna och björkdungarna, som lågo under honom, tyckte han sig ha sett många gånger förut.","translation":"Soon they had left it behind, and the boy sat once more staring straight ahead, for the spruce-covered ridges and birch groves lying beneath him, he felt he had seen many times before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lämnat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of lämnat","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lämnat","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking framåt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies framåt","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with nytt","gloss":"stared"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies framåt","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granskogsåsarna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"granskogsåsarna","lemma":"granskogsåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"the spruce-covered ridges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"björkdungarna","lemma":"björkdung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with granskogsåsarna","gloss":"birch groves"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"lay","note":"Mislabeled as infinitive; lågo is the same archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie/be situated\")."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lågo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lämnat","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of förut","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch27-p15-s2","source":"Då kände han, att en stark värme slog upp till honom från marken, och genast måste han titta ner för att få reda på vad detta kom sig av.","translation":"Then he felt a strong heat rising up to him from the ground, and at once he had to look down to find out what was causing it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"käna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slog","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of värme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies värme","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"värme","lemma":"värme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on kände","gloss":"rose up","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"up to him"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies titta","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of titta","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of titta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on titta","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on titta","gloss":"find out"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on få","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kom","gloss":"from"}]},{"number":33,"label":"16","id":"ch27-p16-s1","source":"Under honom lågo stora högar av kol och malm, och mittibland dessa stod en hög, åttkantig, rödmålad byggnad, som sände en hel kvast av lågor mot himlen.","translation":"Beneath him lay great heaps of coal and ore, and in the midst of them stood a tall, eight-sided, red-painted building that sent a whole sheaf of flames up toward the sky.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«mitt ibland» written as one word","body":"«Mittibland» is an older, fused spelling of «mitt ibland» ('right in the midst of'); modern Swedish writes the phrase as two separate words.","term":"mittibland"}],"words":[{"surface":"Under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lågo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies högar","gloss":"lay","note":"Past plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'."},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies högar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"högar","lemma":"hög","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heaps"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"kol","lemma":"kol","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies högar","gloss":"coal"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"malm","lemma":"malm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with kol","gloss":"ore","note":"Common noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mittibland","lemma":"mittibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with högar","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hög","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies byggnad","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"åttkantig","lemma":"åttkantig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hög","gloss":"eight-sided"},{"surface":"rödmålad","lemma":"rödmåla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hög","gloss":"red-painted"},{"surface":"byggnad","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sände","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sände","lemma":"säna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on byggnad","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kvast","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hel","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kvast","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"kvast","lemma":"kvast","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sände","gloss":"sheaf"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lågor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lågor","lemma":"låga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies kvast","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking himlen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lågor","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":34,"label":"17","id":"ch27-p17-s1","source":"Först kunde pojken inte tro annat, än att det var eldsvåda, men så såg han folk gå helt lugnt nere på marken och inte bry sig det minsta om elden, och då kunde han inte begripa hur detta hängde ihop.","translation":"At first the boy could not help thinking it was a fire, but then he saw people walking about quite calmly down on the ground, not troubling themselves the least about the flames, and then he could not understand how that fit together.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Reflexive verb «bry sig om»","body":"«Bry sig om» ('to care about', 'to trouble oneself with') is a reflexive verb: the particle «sig» refers back to the subject, and the whole phrase is negated here as «inte bry sig det minsta om» — 'not care in the least about'.","term":"bry sig"}],"words":[{"surface":"Först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tro","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eldsvåda","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eldsvåda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of eldsvåda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to eldsvåda","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"eldsvåda","lemma":"eldsvåda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tro","gloss":"fire","note":"A conflagration/house fire, distinct from a controlled hearth fire."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tro","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lugnt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"lugnt","lemma":"lugnd","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of gå","gloss":"calmly"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bry","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bry","lemma":"bry","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gå","gloss":"to trouble oneself"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of bry","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of minsta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"minsta","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"direct object of bry","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elden","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bry","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tro","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hängde","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hängde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hängde","lemma":"hängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"ihop","lemma":"ihop","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hängde","gloss":"together"}]},{"number":35,"label":"18","id":"ch27-p18-s1","source":"»Vad är det här för ett ställe, där ingen frågar efter, att ett hus står i ljusan låga?» ropade pojken neråt marken.","translation":"“What kind of place is this, where nobody cares that a house is burning in broad flame?” the boy called down toward the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Vad","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Vad","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frågar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågar","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"frågar","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on frågar","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of står","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of står","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"står","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of frågar","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking låga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ljusan","lemma":"ljusan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låga","gloss":"bright","note":"In the idiom 'i ljusan låga' (ablaze, in bright flame); 'ljusan' is an inflected form of the adjective 'ljus'."},{"surface":"låga","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies står","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":36,"label":"19","id":"ch27-p19-s1","source":"»Hör på den, som är rädd för elden!» kvittrade bofinkarna, som bodde i skogsbrynet och hade väl reda på vad som skedde i grannskapet.","translation":"“Listen to him, afraid of fire!” twittered the chaffinches, who lived at the edge of the forest and knew well enough what was going on in the neighborhood.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«bofink» — chaffinch","body":"The «bofink» (chaffinch) is one of Sweden's most common woodland birds — a fitting local voice to correct the boy's ignorance of the ironworks below.","term":"bofinkarna"}],"words":[{"surface":"Hör","lemma":"Hör","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear/listen"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Hör","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elden","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rädd","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"kvittrade","lemma":"kvittra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with Hör","gloss":"twittered","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'kvittrade' is the past tense of the verb 'kvittra' (to twitter, chirp)."},{"surface":"bofinkarna","lemma":"bofink","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kvittrade","gloss":"chaffinches"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"boda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bofinkarna","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsbrynet","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"skogsbrynet","lemma":"skogsbryn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"edge of the forest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kvittrade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hade","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vad","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skedde","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skedde","lemma":"skeda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grannskapet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grannskapet","lemma":"grannskape","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skedde","gloss":"the neighborhood"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch27-p19-s2","source":"»Han vet inte hur järnet smältes ur malmen. Han kan inte skilja en masugnslåga från en eldsvåda.»","translation":"“He doesn't know how the iron is smelted out of the ore. He can't tell a blast-furnace flame from a house fire.”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"S-passive: «smältes»","body":"The «-s» ending again marks the passive: «smältes» = 'is smelted', without needing «bli»/«vara» plus a participle. Compare the active «smälta järnet» ('to smelt the iron').","term":"smältes"}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vet","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vet","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smältes","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"järnet","lemma":"järn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive smältes","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"smältes","lemma":"smälte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"clausal complement of vet","gloss":"is smelted"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking malmen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"malmen","lemma":"malm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of smältes","gloss":"ore"},{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skilja","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skilja","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies skilja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skilja","lemma":"skilja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of masugnslåga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"masugnslåga","lemma":"masugnslåga","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skilja","gloss":"blast-furnace flame"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eldsvåda","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of eldsvåda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"eldsvåda","lemma":"eldsvåda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skilja","gloss":"fire","note":"A conflagration/house fire, distinct from a controlled hearth fire."}]},{"number":38,"label":"20","id":"ch27-p20-s1","source":"Snart hade de lämnat masugnen bakom sig, och pojken satt på nytt och såg rätt framåt, därför att han menade, att det inte skulle finnas mycket att se i den här skogstrakten.","translation":"Soon they had left the furnace behind, and the boy sat once again looking straight ahead, for he supposed there would not be much to see in this stretch of forest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lämnat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"masugnen","lemma":"masugn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"the blast furnace"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of lämnat","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lämnat","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of menade","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of menade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"menade","lemma":"mena","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"meant/thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finnas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finnas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of satt","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on finnas","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogstrakten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogstrakten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skogstrakten","lemma":"skogstrakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"woodland region"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch27-p20-s2","source":"Men han hade inte flugit långt, förrän han fick höra ett förfärligt larm och oväsen nerifrån jorden.","translation":"But he had not flown far before he heard a terrible din and uproar coming up from the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flugit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flugit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies flugit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"flugit","lemma":"fluga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flown"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flugit","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höra","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on flugit","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of larm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies larm","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"larm","lemma":"larm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of höra","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oväsen","lemma":"oväse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with larm","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"nerifrån","lemma":"nerifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jorden","gloss":"from below"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies oväsen","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":40,"label":"21","id":"ch27-p21-s1","source":"När han såg ner, lade han först märke till en liten ström, som kom i stark fors utför en bergvägg.","translation":"When he looked down, the first thing he noticed was a little stream rushing in a strong torrent down a rock face.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on lade","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on utför","gloss":"noticed","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"märke","lemma":"märke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"notice","note":"Both attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ström","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ström","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ström","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"ström","lemma":"ström","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ström","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fors","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fors","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"fors","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"rapids"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bergvägg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bergvägg","lemma":"bergvägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utför","gloss":"rock wall"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s2","source":"Bredvid fallet låg en stor byggnad med svart tak och hög skorsten, som sände ut en tjock, gnistblandad rök.","translation":"Beside the falls stood a large building with a black roof and a tall chimney, which sent out thick smoke mixed with sparks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bredvid","lemma":"Bredvid","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"fallet","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of byggnad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies byggnad","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"byggnad","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tak","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tak","gloss":"black","note":"The lemma should be svart (\"black\"); the parser mistagged the surface \"svart\" under the noun svar (\"answer\")."},{"surface":"tak","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies byggnad","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skorsten","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"skorsten","lemma":"skorsten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with tak","gloss":"chimney"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sände","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sände","lemma":"sän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on byggnad","gloss":"sent","note":"Lemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sände","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tjock","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tjock","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sände","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"gnistblandad","lemma":"gnistblanda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sände","gloss":"mixed with sparks"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gnistblandad","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s3","source":"Utanför byggnaden lågo järnklumpar och järnstänger och riktiga små berg av kol.","translation":"Outside the building lay lumps and bars of iron, and veritable small mountains of coal.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Utanför","lemma":"utanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking järnklumpar","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"byggnaden","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies järnklumpar","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies järnklumpar","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"järnklumpar","lemma":"järnklumpe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lumps of iron"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"järnstänger","lemma":"järnstänger","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with järnklumpar","gloss":"iron bars"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"riktiga","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with järnklumpar","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"kol","lemma":"kol","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies berg","gloss":"coal"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s4","source":"Marken var svart vida omkring, och svarta vägar löpte ut åt alla håll.","translation":"The ground was black far around, and black roads ran out in every direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vida","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vida","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"svart","lemma":"svar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vid","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vägar","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"vägar","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of löpte","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpte","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with vida","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies löpte","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"directions"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s5","source":"Från byggnaden hördes ett obeskrivligt larm.","translation":"From the building came an indescribable din.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking byggnaden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"byggnaden","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hördes","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"hördes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was heard"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of larm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"obeskrivligt","lemma":"obeskrivlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies larm","gloss":"indescribable"},{"surface":"larm","lemma":"larm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"din"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s6","source":"Det dånade och fräste.","translation":"It boomed and hissed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of dånade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dånade","lemma":"dåna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"boomed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fräste","lemma":"fräste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dånade","gloss":"hissed","note":"Actually the past tense of fräsa \"to hiss\", mislabeled as an adjective."}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s7","source":"Det lät, som om någon med starka slag sökte att försvara sig mot ett väsande vilddjur.","translation":"It sounded as though someone, with heavy blows, were trying to defend himself against a hissing wild beast.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lät","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lät","lemma":"lät","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sounded"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of försvara","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sökte","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slag","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"starka","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slag","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"slag","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies någon","gloss":"kinds"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of försvara","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of försvara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"försvara","lemma":"försvara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lät","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of försvara","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vilddjur","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vilddjur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"väsande","lemma":"väsande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies vilddjur","gloss":"hissing"},{"surface":"vilddjur","lemma":"vilddjur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of försvara","gloss":"a wild beast"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s8","source":"Men det besynnerliga var, att ingen frågade efter det, som skedde.","translation":"But the odd thing was that nobody paid any attention to what was happening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of besynnerliga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"besynnerliga","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"adverb","role":"copula linking to besynnerliga","gloss":"was","note":"This is the past tense \"var\" of vara (\"to be\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of frågade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on besynnerliga","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"attention to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of frågade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skedde","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skedde","lemma":"skedde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on besynnerliga","gloss":"was happening"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s9","source":"Ett stycke därifrån lågo arbetarbostäder under gröna träd, och ändå längre bort reste sig en stor, vit herrgårdsbyggnad.","translation":"A little way off stood workers' cottages beneath green trees, and further off still rose a large, white manor house.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"därifrån","lemma":"därifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking arbetarbostäder","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies arbetarbostäder","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"arbetarbostäder","lemma":"arbetarbostäd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"workers' cottages"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träd","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies arbetarbostäder","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reste","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of reste","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies stor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of reste","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies herrgårdsbyggnad","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"herrgårdsbyggnad","lemma":"herrgårdsbyggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"manor house"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch27-p21-s10","source":"Men på arbetarbostädernas trappor lekte barnen alldeles lugna, och i herrgårdsalléen gick folk och promenerade i god ro.","translation":"But on the steps of the cottages the children played quite unconcerned, and in the manor avenue people strolled about at their ease.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trappor","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"arbetarbostädernas","lemma":"arbetarbostäd","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of trappor","gloss":"the workers' cottages'"},{"surface":"trappor","lemma":"trappa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lekte","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"lekte","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lekte","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lugna","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"lugna","lemma":"lugn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies lekte","gloss":"unconcerned"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking herrgårdsalléen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"herrgårdsalléen","lemma":"herrgårdsalléen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"the manor avenue"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lekte","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"promenerade","lemma":"promenera","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"strolled"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ro","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ro","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ro","lemma":"ro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of promenerade","gloss":"peace"}]},{"number":50,"label":"22","id":"ch27-p22-s1","source":"»Vad är det här för ett ställe, där ingen frågar efter, att de slår ihjäl varandra inne i byggningen?» skrek pojken neråt marken.","translation":"“What kind of place is this, where no one cares that they're killing each other inside that building?” the boy shrieked down toward the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Vad","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Vad","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frågar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågar","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"frågar","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on frågar","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slår","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slår","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"slår","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying ställe","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"ihjäl","lemma":"ihjäl","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on slår","gloss":"to death"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of ihjäl","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slår","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking byggningen","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"byggningen","lemma":"byggning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"the building"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrek","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":51,"label":"23","id":"ch27-p23-s1","source":"»Hack, ack, ack, ack! Där far en, som har väl reda på sig. Hack, ack, ack, ack!» skrattade en skata.","translation":"“Hack, ack, ack, ack! There goes one who really knows what's what. Hack, ack, ack, ack!” laughed a magpie.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«skata» — magpie","body":"The «skata» (magpie), known in folklore for its chattering laugh, gets the last word here — its cry «hack, ack, ack, ack» mimics its real call.","term":"skata"}],"words":[{"surface":"Hack","lemma":"Hack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hack","note":"Magpie's chattering cry, an interjection rendered as 'hack, ack, ack'."},{"surface":"ack","lemma":"ack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Hack","gloss":"ack","note":"Onomatopoeic chatter sound made by a magpie, not a common noun."},{"surface":"ack","lemma":"ack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Hack","gloss":"ack","note":"Onomatopoeic chatter sound made by a magpie, not a common noun."},{"surface":"ack","lemma":"ack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Hack","gloss":"ack","note":"Onomatopoeic chatter sound made by a magpie, not a common noun."},{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"goes","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"quantifies far","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on en","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on har","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"what's what"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Hack","lemma":"Hack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hack","note":"Magpie's chattering cry, an interjection rendered as 'hack, ack, ack'."},{"surface":"ack","lemma":"ack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Hack","gloss":"ack","note":"Onomatopoeic chatter sound made by a magpie, not a common noun."},{"surface":"ack","lemma":"ack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Hack","gloss":"ack","note":"Onomatopoeic chatter sound made by a magpie, not a common noun."},{"surface":"ack","lemma":"ack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Hack","gloss":"ack","note":"Onomatopoeic chatter sound made by a magpie, not a common noun."},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skata","lemma":"skata","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrattade","gloss":"magpie"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch27-p23-s2","source":"»Det är ingen, som blir sliten i stycken. Det är järnet, som sprakar och fräser, när det lägges under hammaren.»","translation":"“It's nobody being torn to pieces. It's the iron, crackling and hissing when it's laid under the hammer.”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Archaic s-passive spelling: lägges","body":"Before the 1906 reform, the s-passive of «lägga» ('to lay') was spelled «lägges»; modern Swedish drops the extra -e- to give «läggs».","term":"lägges"}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with ingen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to ingen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on ingen","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"sliten","lemma":"sliten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"worn"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on blir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"stycken","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with järnet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to järnet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"järnet","lemma":"järn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sprakar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sprakar","lemma":"spraka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on järnet","gloss":"crackles"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fräser","lemma":"fräsa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sprakar","gloss":"hisses"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lägges","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive lägges","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lägges","lemma":"lägge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on sprakar","gloss":"is laid","note":"Lägges is the older full passive form of modern läggs."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hammaren","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"hammaren","lemma":"hammare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lägges","gloss":"hammer"}]},{"number":53,"label":"24","id":"ch27-p24-s1","source":"Snart hade de lämnat järnbruket bakom sig, och pojken satt på nytt och såg rätt framåt, för han trodde, att här i skogstrakten kunde det inte finnas mycket att se.","translation":"Soon they had left the ironworks behind, and the boy sat once more looking straight ahead, for he believed there could not be much more to see in this stretch of forest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of lämnat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"järnbruket","lemma":"järnbruk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"ironworks"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of lämnat","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lämnat","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trodde","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finnas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogstrakten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogstrakten","lemma":"skogstrakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of här","gloss":"woodland region"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finnas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on finnas","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":54,"label":"25","id":"ch27-p25-s1","source":"När de hade rest en stund, hörde han en klocka ringa, och han måste än en gång titta ner för att ta reda på var ljudet kom ifrån.","translation":"When they had traveled on for a while, he heard a bell ring, and once again he had to look down to find out where the sound was coming from.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rest","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"rest","lemma":"rest","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"traveled on","note":"despite the tag 'adverb', these are past-participle uses of resa (to travel / to raise)."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rest","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klocka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klocka","lemma":"klocka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"bell"},{"surface":"ringa","lemma":"ringa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"to ring"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of titta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of titta","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of titta","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hörde","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on titta","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on titta","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"was","note":"This is the past tense \"var\" of vara (\"to be\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"ljudet","lemma":"ljud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ta","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ifrån","lemma":"ifrån","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"from"}]},{"number":55,"label":"26","id":"ch27-p26-s1","source":"Då såg pojken under sig en bondgård, som han aldrig hade sett maken till.","translation":"Then the boy saw below him a farm the like of which he had never seen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bondgård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bondgård","lemma":"bondgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on bondgård","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"maken","lemma":"make","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"the like","note":"used in 'sett make/maken till' meaning nothing comparable had been seen."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sett","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch27-p26-s2","source":"Boningshuset var en lång, rödfärgad envåningsbyggnad, och det var inte särdeles stort tilltaget, men det, som förvånade honom, var att se alla de stora, välbyggda uthus, som lågo därbredvid.","translation":"The dwelling house was a long, red-painted, single-story building, and it was not especially large, but what astonished him was to see all the great, well-built outbuildings standing alongside it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«uthus» — outbuildings","body":"«Uthus» are the barns, sheds, and storehouses clustered around a Swedish farmyard — their sheer number is what puzzles the boy, since he can see almost no fields to justify them.","term":"uthus"}],"words":[{"surface":"Boningshuset","lemma":"boningshus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lång","gloss":"dwelling house"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lång","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rödfärgad","lemma":"rödfärgad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies envåningsbyggnad","gloss":"red-painted"},{"surface":"envåningsbyggnad","lemma":"envåningsbyggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"single-story building"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with särdeles","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to särdeles","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"large","note":"Adverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'."},{"surface":"tilltaget","lemma":"tilltage","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of särdeles","gloss":"scale","note":"Occurs in the idiom 'stort tilltaget' = 'planned/built on a large scale'."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of förvånade","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"förvånade","lemma":"förvåna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"surprised"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of förvånade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to se","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with lång","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of uthus","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of uthus","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies uthus","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"välbyggda","lemma":"välbyggd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies uthus","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"uthus","lemma":"uthus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"outbuildings"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"relative clause on uthus","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"därbredvid","lemma":"därbredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"beside it"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch27-p26-s3","source":"Pojken visste ungefär hur många uthus som behövas vid en gård, men här måtte de ha haft dubbelt och tredubbelt av allt.","translation":"The boy roughly knew how many outbuildings a farm needed, but here they must have had double and triple of everything.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ungefär","lemma":"ungefär","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visste","gloss":"approximately"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies uthus","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"uthus","lemma":"uthus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on behövas","gloss":"outbuildings"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive behövas","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"behövas","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on visste","gloss":"are needed"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gård","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of behövas","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"must","note":"Modal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with behövas","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dubbelt","lemma":"dubbel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tredubbelt","gloss":"twice","note":"Adverbial form dubbelt, \"double, twice as much\"."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tredubbelt","lemma":"tredubbel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"triple"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on haft","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase av","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch27-p26-s4","source":"Ett sådant överflöd på byggnader hade han aldrig tänkt sig.","translation":"Such an abundance of buildings he had never imagined.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of överflöd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies överflöd","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"överflöd","lemma":"överflöd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on tänkt","gloss":"abundance"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking byggnader","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"byggnader","lemma":"byggnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies överflöd","gloss":"buildings"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of tänkt","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch27-p26-s5","source":"Inte heller kunde han räkna ut vad som skulle förvaras i dem, för det fanns nästan inga åkrar invid gården.","translation":"Nor could he work out what was to be kept in them, for there were almost no fields near the farm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies heller","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies räkna","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of räkna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räkna","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"räkna","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to count"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on räkna","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of räkna","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive förvaras","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förvaras","gloss":"was to"},{"surface":"förvaras","lemma":"förvara","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"be kept"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of förvaras","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on förvaras","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inga","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"inga","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of åkrar","gloss":"no/none"},{"surface":"åkrar","lemma":"åkra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"invid","lemma":"invid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"farm"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch27-p26-s6","source":"Han såg några åkerlappar inne i skogsmarken, men dels voro de så små, att han knappt ville kalla dem för åkrar, och dels stod det redan en lada på var och en av dem för att ta i förvar vad som där kunde skördas.","translation":"He saw a few patches of field within the woodland, but partly they were so small that he hardly wanted to call them fields, and partly there already stood a barn on each one of them to store whatever might be harvested there.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Correlative «dels...dels»","body":"«Dels...dels» pairs up to mean 'partly...partly' or 'on the one hand...on the other', linking two separate reasons for the same observation.","term":"dels...dels"}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of åkerlappar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"åkerlappar","lemma":"åkerlappa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"field patches"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsmarken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogsmarken","lemma":"skogsmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"forest land"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dels","lemma":"dels","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies voro","gloss":"partly"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"depends on små","gloss":"were","note":"Past plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of små","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies små","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kalla","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kalla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kalla","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kalla","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"kalla","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on små","gloss":"cold","note":"Mislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use."},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kalla","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkrar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"åkrar","lemma":"åkra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kalla","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dels","lemma":"dels","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"partly"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lada","lemma":"lada","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"barn"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking var","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"var","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lada","gloss":"each","note":"\"var\" is both the interrogative/relative adverb \"where\" and the past tense of vara (\"was\"); the parser conflated the two under one type."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on var","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"förvar","lemma":"förva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"safekeeping"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förvar","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive skördas","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skördas","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skördas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"skördas","lemma":"skörda","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"be harvested"}]},{"number":61,"label":"27","id":"ch27-p27-s1","source":"På stalltaket satt vällingklockan under en huv, och det var därifrån, som ringningen kom.","translation":"On the roof of the stable sat the porridge bell under a hood, and that was where the ringing came from.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stalltaket","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stalltaket","lemma":"stalltaket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"the stable roof"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"vällingklockan","lemma":"vällingklockan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"porridge bell"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huv","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of huv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"huv","lemma":"huv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"hood"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"därifrån","lemma":"därifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"where","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ringningen","lemma":"ringning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"the ringing"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to var","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch27-p27-s2","source":"Husbonden gick mot köket med sina drängar, och pojken såg, att han hade mycket och ståtligt folk.","translation":"The farmer was walking toward the kitchen with his farmhands, and the boy saw that he had many fine-looking people working for him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Husbonden","lemma":"husbond","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking köket","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"köket","lemma":"kök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking drängar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of drängar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"drängar","lemma":"dräng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"farmhands"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of såg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ståtligt","lemma":"ståtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with mycket","gloss":"magnificently"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":63,"label":"28","id":"ch27-p28-s1","source":"»Vad är det för ett folk, som bygger så stora gårdar mitt i skogen, där det inte finns någon åker?» ropade pojken neråt marken.","translation":"“What kind of people build such great farms in the middle of the forest, where there's no field at all?” the boy called down toward the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Vad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking folk","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of folk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Vad","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bygger","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bygger","lemma":"bygga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on folk","gloss":"builds"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"gårdar","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bygger","gloss":"farms"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bygger","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bygger","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on bygger","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of åker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"åker","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"field","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested."},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":64,"label":"29","id":"ch27-p29-s1","source":"Tuppen gick på sopbacken och svarade honom genast.","translation":"The rooster was walking on the dung heap and answered him at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tuppen","lemma":"tupp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"rooster"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sopbacken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sopbacken","lemma":"sopback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"rubbish heap"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svarade","lemma":"svara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of svarade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svarade","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":65,"label":"30","id":"ch27-p30-s1","source":"»Gammal bergsmansgård. Gammal bergsmansgård,» gol han.","translation":"“Old ironmaster's farm. Old ironmaster's farm,” he crowed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«gala» — to crow","body":"«Gol» is the preterite of «gala», the specific verb for a rooster's crowing (as opposed to «ropa», to call/shout).","term":"gol"}],"words":[{"surface":"Gammal","lemma":"Gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bergsmansgård","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"bergsmansgård","lemma":"bergsmansgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ironmaster's farm"},{"surface":"Gammal","lemma":"Gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bergsmansgård","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"bergsmansgård","lemma":"bergsmansgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ironmaster's farm"},{"surface":"gol","lemma":"gol","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies han","gloss":"crowed"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to bergsmansgård","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch27-p30-s2","source":"»Åkrarna ligger under jorden. Åkrarna ligger under jorden.»","translation":"“The fields lie underground. The fields lie underground.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Åkrarna","lemma":"Åkrarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"Åkrarna","lemma":"Åkrarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ligger","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"ligger","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligger","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":67,"label":"31","id":"ch27-p31-s1","source":"Nu började pojken förstå, att detta inte var en sådan skogstrakt, som man kunde resa över utan att titta på den.","translation":"Now the boy began to understand that this was not the kind of forest tract one could travel over without looking at it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skogstrakt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skogstrakt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies skogstrakt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skogstrakt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogstrakt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skogstrakt","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"skogstrakt","lemma":"skogstrakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on började","gloss":"woodland region"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of resa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of resa","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on skogstrakt","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on resa","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of titta","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of titta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"titta","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on resa","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of titta","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch27-p31-s2","source":"Skogar och berg fanns det visserligen överallt, men det var otroligt så många märkvärdiga ställen som lågo gömda mellan dem.","translation":"There were forests and hills everywhere, to be sure, but it was astonishing how many remarkable places lay hidden among them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skogar","lemma":"Skogar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"berg","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Skogar","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"visserligen","lemma":"visserligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"indeed","note":"Concessive adverb, close to \"it's true, but...\"."},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of otroligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to otroligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"otroligt","lemma":"otrolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"unbelievable"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"märkvärdiga","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gömda","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clause modifying ställen","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"gömda","lemma":"gömed","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of otroligt","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gömda","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":69,"label":"32","id":"ch27-p32-s1","source":"Det fanns gruvfält, där hiss-stängerna höllo på att falla omkull, och där marken var genomborrad av gruvhål, och det fanns gruvfält, där arbetet fortgick, där de dova gruvskotten hördes ända upp till vildgässen, och där hela byar av arbetarbostäder reste sig i skogskanten.","translation":"There were mining fields where the hoist frames were on the point of falling down and where the ground was pierced through with mine shafts, and there were mining fields where the work still went on, where the dull blasts from the mines could be heard all the way up to the wild geese, and where whole villages of workers' cottages rose at the edge of the forest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Archaic plural verb: höllo","body":"«Höllo» is the pre-reform plural preterite of «hålla» ('to hold'), here in the idiom «hålla på att» ('to be on the point of'); modern Swedish uses «höll» for all persons and numbers.","term":"höllo"}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"gruvfält","lemma":"gruvfält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"mining field"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höllo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"hiss-stängerna","lemma":"hiss-stängerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"the hoist frames"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"höllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on gruvfält","gloss":"were on the point"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of falla","gloss":"about to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of falla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"falla","lemma":"falla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"to fall"},{"surface":"omkull","lemma":"omkull","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies falla","gloss":"over","note":"Used with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies genomborrad","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of genomborrad","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to genomborrad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"genomborrad","lemma":"genomborra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"pierced through"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gruvhål","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"gruvhål","lemma":"gruvhål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"agent of genomborrad","gloss":"mine shafts"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on hördes","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"gruvfält","lemma":"gruvfält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"mining field"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortgick","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"arbetet","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fortgick","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"fortgick","lemma":"fortgå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hördes","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dova","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of dova","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"dova","lemma":"dova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hördes","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"gruvskotten","lemma":"gruvskott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"the mine blasts"},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"hör","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was heard","note":"Passive past of höra, surface hördes."},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vildgässen","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ända","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgässen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hördes","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reste","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies byar","gloss":"whole/all"},{"surface":"byar","lemma":"byar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of reste","gloss":"villages"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetarbostäder","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"arbetarbostäder","lemma":"arbetarbostäd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies byar","gloss":"workers' cottages"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hördes","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of reste","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogskanten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"skogskanten","lemma":"skogskant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of reste","gloss":"the forest edge"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch27-p32-s2","source":"Det fanns gamla, övergivna smedjor, där pojken genom det sönderfallna taket kunde se ner på väldiga, järnbandade hammarskaft och klumpigt uppmurade ugnar, och det fanns stora, nyanlagda järnverk, där det arbetades och hamrades, så att marken skalv.","translation":"There were old, abandoned forges where the boy, through the collapsed roof, could look down at enormous, iron-banded hammer shafts and clumsily built-up furnaces, and there were great, newly established ironworks where they worked and hammered so hard that the ground shook.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«smedja» — forge","body":"A «smedja» is a smithy or forge, where a smith works iron by hand — an older, smaller-scale counterpart to the industrial «järnverk» (ironworks) named later in the same sentence.","term":"smedjor"}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies smedjor","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"övergivna","lemma":"övergiven","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gamla","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"smedjor","lemma":"smedja","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"forges"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taket","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of taket","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sönderfallna","lemma":"sönderfalln","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies taket","gloss":"collapsed"},{"surface":"taket","lemma":"tak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on smedjor","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hammarskaft","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"väldiga","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hammarskaft","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"järnbandade","lemma":"järnbandade","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with väldiga","gloss":"iron-banded"},{"surface":"hammarskaft","lemma":"hammarskaft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"hammer shafts"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klumpigt","lemma":"klumpig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppmurade","gloss":"clumsily"},{"surface":"uppmurade","lemma":"uppmurad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hammarskaft","gloss":"built-up"},{"surface":"ugnar","lemma":"ugna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of se","gloss":"furnaces"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies järnverk","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"nyanlagda","lemma":"nyanlagd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies järnverk","gloss":"newly established"},{"surface":"järnverk","lemma":"järnverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"ironworks"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive arbetades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"arbetades","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on järnverk","gloss":"work was done"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hamrades","lemma":"hamraa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with arbetades","gloss":"hammered"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of skalv","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skalv","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"skalv","lemma":"skalv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on fanns","gloss":"shook"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch27-p32-s3","source":"Det fanns små städer därinne i vildmarken, som lågo tysta och sågo ut att ingenting veta om allt bullret omkring dem.","translation":"There were small towns in there in the wilderness that lay quiet and seemed to know nothing of all the noise around them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies städer","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"städer","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"därinne","lemma":"därinne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"in there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildmarken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vildmarken","lemma":"vildmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of därinne","gloss":"wilderness"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying vildmarken","gloss":"lay","note":"Past plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'."},{"surface":"tysta","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sågo","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of veta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fanns","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking bullret","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bullret","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"bullret","lemma":"bullr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"the noise"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies bullret","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch27-p32-s4","source":"Det löpte linbanor fram genom luften, på vilka korgar, lastade med malm, sakta färdades fram.","translation":"Cableways ran through the air, along which baskets, loaded with ore, slowly traveled.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of linbanor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"löpte","lemma":"löpte","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies linbanor","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"linbanor","lemma":"linbana","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive färdades","gloss":"cableways"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies linbanor","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luften","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking korgar","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"vilka","lemma":"vilken","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of korgar","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"korgar","lemma":"korg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies linbanor","gloss":"baskets"},{"surface":"lastade","lemma":"lasta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with linbanor","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking malm","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"malm","lemma":"malm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies lastade","gloss":"ore","note":"Common noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"sakta","lemma":"sakta","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with linbanor","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"färdades","lemma":"färda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on färdades","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch27-p32-s5","source":"I alla forsar snurrade hjul, elektriska ledningar ströko genom den tysta skogen, och ofantligt långa järnvägståg kommo rullande med sexti, sjutti vagnar, lastade än med malm och kol, än med järnstänger, plåtar och ståltråd.","translation":"In every rapid, wheels turned, electric wires ran through the silent forest, and immensely long railway trains came rolling by with sixty, seventy cars, loaded now with ore and coal, now with iron bars, sheet metal, and steel wire.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","title":"Archaic plural verb: ströko","body":"«Ströko» is the pre-reform plural preterite of «stryka» ('to pass, sweep'), agreeing with the plural subject «ledningar». Modern Swedish uses «strök» for every person and number.","term":"ströko"}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of snurrade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of snurrade","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"forsar","lemma":"forsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"auxiliary of snurrade","gloss":"rapids"},{"surface":"snurrade","lemma":"snurra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"hjul","lemma":"hjul","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of snurrade","gloss":"wheel"},{"surface":"elektriska","lemma":"elektrisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ledningar","gloss":"electric"},{"surface":"ledningar","lemma":"ledning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hjul","gloss":"wires"},{"surface":"ströko","lemma":"ströko","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"modifies snurrade","gloss":"ran","note":"Past-plural of the verb 'stryka' (to sweep/run/rub); mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tysta","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ströko","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ofantligt","lemma":"ofantlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långa","gloss":"immensely"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies järnvägståg","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"järnvägståg","lemma":"järnvägståg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"railway trains"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with snurrade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"rullande","lemma":"rullande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sexti","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sexti","lemma":"sexti","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"sixty"},{"surface":"sjutti","lemma":"sjutti","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vagnar","gloss":"seventy"},{"surface":"vagnar","lemma":"vagn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with sexti","gloss":"cars"},{"surface":"lastade","lemma":"lasta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of malm","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking malm","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"malm","lemma":"malm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"clause modifying lastade","gloss":"ore","note":"Common noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kol","lemma":"kol","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with malm","gloss":"coal"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking järnstänger","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking järnstänger","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"järnstänger","lemma":"järnstäng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"iron bars"},{"surface":"plåtar","lemma":"plåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with järnstänger","gloss":"metal sheets"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ståltråd","lemma":"ståltråd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with järnstänger","gloss":"steel wire"}]},{"number":74,"label":"33","id":"ch27-p33-s1","source":"När pojken hade suttit en stund och sett på allt detta, kunde han inte hålla sig tyst längre.","translation":"When the boy had sat for a while looking at all this, he could not keep silent any longer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suttit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of suttit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of suttit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"suttit","lemma":"sutta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on hålla","gloss":"sat","note":"Archaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta (\"to sit\")."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of suttit","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with suttit","gloss":"seen","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hålla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to keep silent"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of hålla","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tyst","lemma":"tyst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of hålla","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hålla","gloss":"any longer"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch27-p33-s2","source":"»Vad heter det här landet, där det bara växer järn?» frågade han, fast han visste, att fåglarna nere på marken skulle göra narr av honom.","translation":"“What is this country called, where nothing but iron seems to grow?” he asked, even though he knew the birds down on the ground would make fun of him for it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"heter","lemma":"heta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of heter","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies växer","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with växer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies växer","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"växer","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landet","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"järn","lemma":"järn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of växer","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on visste","gloss":"even though","note":"Here used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"visste","lemma":"visste","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on frågade","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of visste","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"narr","lemma":"narr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"fool","note":"'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies narr","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":76,"label":"34","id":"ch27-p34-s1","source":"Då spratt en gammal uv, som satt och sov inne i en övergiven hytta, upp ur sömnen.","translation":"Then an old owl, who sat sleeping inside an abandoned smelting hut, started up out of its sleep.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","title":"«spritta» — to start/jump","body":"«Spratt» is the preterite of «spritta», a vivid verb for a sudden, startled movement — the owl jerking awake all at once.","term":"spratt"}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uv","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"spratt","lemma":"spratt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase Då","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of uv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gammal","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies uv","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"uv","lemma":"uv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"owl"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on uv","gloss":"sat","note":"This form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sov","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hytta","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of hytta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"övergiven","lemma":"övergiven","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hytta","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"hytta","lemma":"hytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"smelting house"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sömnen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"sömnen","lemma":"sömn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch27-p34-s2","source":"Han sträckte fram sitt runda huvud och ropade med sin förskräckliga röst: »Uhu, uhu, uhu. Det här landet kallas Bergslagerna. Om här inte hade vuxit järn, skulle det inte bo annat än uvar och björnar här än i dag.»","translation":"He stretched out his round head and called in his dreadful voice: “Oohoo, oohoo, oohoo. This land is called Bergslagen. If iron had not grown here, nothing but owls and bears would still be living here today.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sträckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sträckte","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträckte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of runda","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"runda","lemma":"rund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"direct object of sträckte","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"huvud","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sträckte","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sträckte","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röst","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of röst","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"förskräckliga","lemma":"förskräcklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ropade","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"Uhu","lemma":"Uhu","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to sträckte","gloss":"oohoo"},{"surface":"uhu","lemma":"uhu","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Uhu","gloss":"oohoo"},{"surface":"uhu","lemma":"uhu","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Uhu","gloss":"oohoo"},{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive kallas","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"kallas","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Bergslagerna","lemma":"Bergslagerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"complement of kallas","gloss":"Bergslagen","note":"Proper name of the mining region."},{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuxit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuxit","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vuxit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vuxit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vuxit","lemma":"vuxia","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on bo","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"järn","lemma":"järn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vuxit","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bo","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uvar","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"uvar","lemma":"uvar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of bo","gloss":"owls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"björnar","lemma":"björn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with uvar","gloss":"bears"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"to this day"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"}]}]}