{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch32","title":{"source":"Vid kyrkorna","translated":"At the Churches"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch32","lines":43},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch31","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch33","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch32-p1-s1","source":"När pojken vaknade nästa morgon och gled ner på isen, kunde han inte låta bli att skratta.","translation":"When the boy woke up the next morning and slid down onto the ice, he could not help but laugh.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"låta bli att","title":"\"refrain from\"","body":"«låta bli att» + infinitive means 'to refrain from / not do (something)'. «kunde han inte låta bli att skratta» literally 'he could not let-be to laugh' = 'he couldn't help laughing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaknade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"vaknade","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"woke up"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vaknade","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gled","lemma":"gled","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vaknade","gloss":"slid","note":"past singular of glida ('to glide/slide'); mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gled","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking isen","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"isen","lemma":"is","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skratta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skratta","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"laugh"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch32-p1-s2","source":"Det hade kommit en mängd snö under natten och kom alltjämt.","translation":"A great deal of snow had fallen during the night, and it was still coming.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kommit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"snö","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking natten","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"natten","lemma":"natt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kommit","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch32-p1-s3","source":"Hela luften var full av vita flingor, som voro så stora, att man kunde tro, att de hade varit vingar åt ihjälfrusna fjärilar, innan de föllo.","translation":"The whole air was full of white flakes, which were so large that one could believe they had been wings on frozen-to-death butterflies, before they fell.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro / föllo","title":"Archaic plural verb agreement","body":"Pre-1944 written Swedish still gave plural subjects their own verb forms: «voro» (plural 'were', singular «var») and «föllo» (plural 'fell', singular «föll»). Lagerlöf's 1906 prose keeps these throughout the chapter; modern Swedish has dropped them in favor of one form for all persons."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies luften","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of full","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to full","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flingor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies flingor","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"flingor","lemma":"flinga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of full","gloss":"flakes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"relative clause on flingor","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stora","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of voro","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vingar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vingar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vingar","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to vingar","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fjärilar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ihjälfrusna","lemma":"ihjälfrusen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fjärilar","gloss":"frozen to death"},{"surface":"fjärilar","lemma":"fjäriel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"butterflies","note":"Also covers moths in some contexts."},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of föllo","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of föllo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"föllo","lemma":"föllo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tro","gloss":"fell","note":"Archaic plural past of falla."}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch32-p1-s4","source":"På Siljan låg snön flera centimeter hög, stränderna voro vita, och vildgässen hade så mycket snö på sig, att de sågo ut som små drivor.","translation":"On Siljan the snow lay several centimeters deep, the shores were white, and the wild geese had so much snow on them that they looked like little drifts.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Siljan","title":"Lake Siljan","body":"«Siljan» is the large lake in Dalarna around which the geese's route through this chapter runs — Rättvik, Leksand, Gagnef, and Floda are all parishes on or near its shores."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Siljan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Siljan","lemma":"Siljan","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"Siljan","note":"Lake Siljan in Dalarna."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"snön","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies centimeter","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"centimeter","lemma":"centimet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of låg","gloss":"centimeters"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"stränderna","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"snö","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sågo","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking drivor","gloss":"like","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies drivor","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"drivor","lemma":"drivor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"drifts"}]},{"number":5,"label":"2","id":"ch32-p2-s1","source":"Då och då rörde Akka eller Yksi eller Kaksi på sig, men när de sågo, att snöfallet fortfor, skyndade de sig att gömma huvudet under vingen på nytt.","translation":"Now and then Akka or Yksi or Kaksi stirred, but when they saw that the snowfall continued, they hurried to hide their heads under their wings again.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"skyndade de sig","title":"Reflexive «sig»","body":"«skynda sig» ('to hurry') is a reflexive verb — the action is done to oneself, marked by «sig». Compare «rörde ... på sig» in the same sentence, 'stirred (itself)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rörde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Då","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Yksi","lemma":"Yksi","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"Yksi","note":"One of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'."},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Kaksi","lemma":"Kaksi","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Yksi","gloss":"Kaksi","note":"Name of one of the wild geese."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of rörde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Då","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skyndade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"snöfallet","lemma":"snöfall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skyndade","gloss":"the snowfall"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snöfallet","gloss":"went on","note":"Mistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'."},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of sågo","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skyndade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of skyndade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gömma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gömma","lemma":"gömma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skyndade","gloss":"to hide"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gömma","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingen","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"vingen","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gömma","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gömma","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch32-p2-s2","source":"De menade nog, att i sådant väder kunde de inte ta sig något bättre för än att sova, och det gav pojken dem rätt i.","translation":"They evidently thought that in such weather they could do nothing better than sleep, and the boy agreed with them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of menade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"menade","lemma":"mena","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meant/thought"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies menade","gloss":"evidently"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väder","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on menade","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of ta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bättre","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of ta","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of sova","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"sova","lemma":"sova","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on för","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with menade","gloss":"agreed","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dem","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"indirect object of gav","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gav","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":7,"label":"3","id":"ch32-p3-s1","source":"Några timmar efteråt vaknade han vid att kyrkklockorna i Rättvik ringde till gudstjänst.","translation":"A few hours later he woke to the church bells in Rättvik ringing for the service.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of timmar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"timmar","lemma":"timme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on vaknade","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"efteråt","lemma":"efteråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vaknade","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"vaknade","lemma":"vakna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"woke up"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vaknade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ringde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ringde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kyrkklockorna","lemma":"kyrkklockorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ringde","gloss":"the church bells"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rättvik","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Rättvik","lemma":"Rättvik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies kyrkklockorna","gloss":"Rättvik"},{"surface":"ringde","lemma":"ringa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on vaknade","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gudstjänst","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"gudstjänst","lemma":"gudstjänst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ringde","gloss":"church service"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch32-p3-s2","source":"Nu hade det slutat snöa, men det blåste hårt från norr, och ute på sjön var det bitande kallt.","translation":"Now it had stopped snowing, but the wind blew hard from the north, and out on the lake it was bitterly cold.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nu hade det slutat","title":"V2: fronted adverb, inverted verb","body":"Swedish main clauses keep the finite verb in second position (V2). Fronting the adverb «Nu» pushes the subject «det» after the verb: «Nu hade det...» rather than «Det hade nu...» — a normal inversion, not an unusual one."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slutat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of slutat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"slutat","lemma":"sluta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"snöa","lemma":"snöa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of slutat","gloss":"snowing"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blåste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blåste","lemma":"blåsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slutat","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"hårt","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies norr","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blåste","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kallt","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjön","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sjön","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ute","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kallt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of kallt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bitande","lemma":"bitande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kallt","gloss":"biting"},{"surface":"kallt","lemma":"kall","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with blåste","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch32-p3-s3","source":"Han blev glad, när vildgässen äntligen skakade av sig snön och flögo mot land för att skaffa sig mat.","translation":"He grew glad when the wild geese finally shook the snow off themselves and flew toward land to get food.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skakade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skakade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skakade","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"skakade","lemma":"skaka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of skakade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"snön","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skakade","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skakade","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of skaffa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skaffa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skaffa","lemma":"skaffa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on flögo","gloss":"to get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of skaffa","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skaffa","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":10,"label":"4","id":"ch32-p4-s1","source":"Den dagen var det konfirmation i Rättviks kyrka, och läsbarnen, som hade kommit i god tid, stodo i små grupper på kyrkvallen och samtalade.","translation":"That day there was confirmation in Rättvik church, and the catechumens, who had arrived in good time, stood in small groups on the churchyard green and talked.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"läsbarnen","title":"Confirmation candidates","body":"«läsbarn» (literally 'reading-children') was the old term for children in catechism instruction ahead of confirmation — «läsa» here meaning studying scripture, not just 'to read'. «kyrkvallen» is the grassy churchyard green where they gather."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of konfirmation","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to konfirmation","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with konfirmation","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"konfirmation","lemma":"konfirmation","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"confirmation"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrka","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Rättviks","lemma":"Rättvik","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of kyrka","gloss":"Rättvik's"},{"surface":"kyrka","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies konfirmation","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"läsbarnen","lemma":"läsbarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with kyrka","gloss":"the catechumens","note":"Läsbarn is an older term for children receiving confirmation instruction."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on läsbarnen","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on konfirmation","gloss":"stood","note":"Past plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grupper","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies grupper","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"grupper","lemma":"grupp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"groups"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkvallen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kyrkvallen","lemma":"kyrkvall","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies grupper","gloss":"churchyard green"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"samtalade","lemma":"samtala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"talked"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch32-p4-s2","source":"De voro alla klädda i sockendräkten, och deras kläder voro så nya och brokiga, att det lyste långa vägar av dem.","translation":"They were all dressed in the parish costume, and their clothes were so new and gaily colored that they shone from far away.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sockendräkten","title":"\"the parish costume\"","body":"«socken» is the parish, the basic old rural administrative unit; «sockendräkt» is its traditional folk costume. The definite suffix «-en» ('the') is attached rather than a separate article — Dalarna parishes like Rättvik and Leksand each had (and still have) their own distinctive dräkt."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on klädda","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of klädda","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"klädda","lemma":"klädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sockendräkten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sockendräkten","lemma":"sockendräkt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klädda","gloss":"the parish costume"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of kläder","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"kläder","lemma":"kläder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with klädda","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nya","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nya","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on voro","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brokiga","lemma":"brokig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with nya","gloss":"colorful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lyste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lyste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klädda","gloss":"shone","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'."},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vägar","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"vägar","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of lyste","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies vägar","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch32-p4-s3","source":"»Kära mor Akka, flyg långsamt här,» skrek pojken, när vildgässen närmade sig kyrkan, »så att jag får se på ungdomen!»","translation":"»Dear mother Akka, fly slowly here,» cried the boy, as the wild geese approached the church, »so that I can get a look at the young folk!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kära","lemma":"Kära","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dear","note":"Used as a term of address (\"Kära mor Akka\" = \"Dear mother Akka\"), not a literal command."},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kära","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Kära","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"flyg","lemma":"flyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"fly!","note":"surfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun."},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kära","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsamt","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skrek","lemma":"skrek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kära","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrek","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of närmade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of närmade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"närmade","lemma":"närma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on skrek","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of närmade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of närmade","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skrek","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ungdomen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ungdomen","lemma":"ungdom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch32-p4-s4","source":"Detta tyckte visst förargåsen vara rimligt begärt, för hon sänkte sig, så mycket hon kunde, och for tre gånger runt om kyrkan.","translation":"This the lead goose evidently thought a reasonable request, for she lowered herself as much as she could, and flew three times around the church.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"förargåsen","title":"\"the lead goose\"","body":"«förargåsen» is a compound built from «för» ('front, fore-') and «gås/gåsen» ('goose/the goose'): the goose flying at the front — here Akka, the flock's leader."}],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förargåsen","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"förargåsen","lemma":"förargås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"lead goose"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to begärt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"rimligt","lemma":"rimlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies begärt","gloss":"reasonable"},{"surface":"begärt","lemma":"begära","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of tyckte","gloss":"requested"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hon","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sänkte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tyckte","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on mycket","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gånger","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of runt","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies om","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sänkte","gloss":"church"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch32-p4-s5","source":"Det är inte så lätt att säga hur de togo sig ut på nära håll, men när pojken såg de unga gossarna och flickorna så där uppifrån, tyckte han, att han aldrig hade sett en sådan härlig ungdomsskara.","translation":"It is not so easy to say how they looked up close, but when the boy saw the young boys and girls from up there, he thought he had never seen such a lovely crowd of young people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of sig","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase hur","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gossarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"unga","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gossarna","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"gossarna","lemma":"gossarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"the boys"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flickorna","lemma":"flicka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gossarna","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppifrån","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"uppifrån","lemma":"uppifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to lätt","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ungdomsskara","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ungdomsskara","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"härlig","lemma":"härlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ungdomsskara","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ungdomsskara","lemma":"ungdomsskara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"young crowd"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch32-p4-s6","source":"»Inte kan jag tro, att det finns finare prinsar och prinsessor i kungens slott,» sade han för sig själv.","translation":"»I don't believe there are finer princes and princesses in the king's palace,» he said to himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"finare","lemma":"fin","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies prinsar","gloss":"finer"},{"surface":"prinsar","lemma":"prins","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prinsessor","lemma":"prinsessa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with prinsar","gloss":"princesses"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slott","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"kungens","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of slott","gloss":"king's"},{"surface":"slott","lemma":"slott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies prinsessor","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with finns","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":16,"label":"5","id":"ch32-p5-s1","source":"Det var inte litet snö, som hade kommit.","translation":"It was no small amount of snow that had fallen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with snö","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to snö","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"litet","lemma":"litet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"snö","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on snö","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch32-p5-s2","source":"I Rättvik täckte den alla fält, och Akka var inte i stånd att finna något ställe, där hon kunde slå ner.","translation":"In Rättvik it covered every field, and Akka was unable to find any spot where she could land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rättvik","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Rättvik","lemma":"Rättvik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of täckte","gloss":"Rättvik"},{"surface":"täckte","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fält","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fält","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fält","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of täckte","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with täckte","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Akka","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on var","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stånd","lemma":"stånd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of finna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"finna","lemma":"finna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Akka","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of finna","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slå","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch32-p5-s3","source":"Då besinnade hon sig inte länge, utan flög söderut mot Leksand.","translation":"Then she did not hesitate long, but flew south toward Leksand.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"besinnade hon sig","title":"Reflexive «besinna sig»","body":"«besinna sig» means 'to collect oneself, stop and think' — here negated, «besinnade ... inte länge», 'didn't hesitate/deliberate long'. The reflexive «sig» is required; «besinna» alone would mean 'to consider (something)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besinnade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"besinnade","lemma":"besinna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"considered","note":"Often reflexive, besinna sig, \"to stop and think\"."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of besinnade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of besinnade","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besinnade","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with besinnade","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"söderut","lemma":"söderut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flög","gloss":"southward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Leksand","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Leksand","lemma":"Leksand","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"Leksand"}]},{"number":19,"label":"6","id":"ch32-p6-s1","source":"I Leksand hade, som vanligt är om våren, de flesta unga rest bort för att söka arbete.","translation":"In Leksand, as is usual in spring, most of the young people had gone away to look for work.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Leksand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Leksand","lemma":"Leksand","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"Leksand"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rest","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vanligt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vanligt","lemma":"vanlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"usual"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vanligt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking våren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"våren","lemma":"vår","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of unga","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"flesta","lemma":"mången","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural, superlative","role":"modifies unga","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"unga","lemma":"ung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of rest","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"rest","lemma":"rest","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rest","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of söka","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of söka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on rest","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of söka","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch32-p6-s2","source":"Det var mest gammalt folk, som hade stannat hemma i socknen, och när vildgässen kommo flygande, vandrade en lång rad av gamla gummor genom den ståtliga björkallén, som leder fram till kyrkan.","translation":"It was mostly old folk who had stayed home in the parish, and when the wild geese came flying, a long row of old women walked through the stately birch avenue that leads up to the church.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"björkallén","title":"\"the birch avenue\"","body":"«björkallé» ('birch + avenue') plus the definite suffix «-n» ('the'): a formal double row of birch trees leading up to the church, a common approach in old Swedish parishes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gammalt","gloss":"mostly"},{"surface":"gammalt","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stannat","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stannat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stannat","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on folk","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stannat","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking socknen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"socknen","lemma":"sockn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hemma","gloss":"parish"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"flygande","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies rad","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"vandrade","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flygande","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rad","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"rad","lemma":"rad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"row"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gummor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gummor","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"gummor","lemma":"gumma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"old women"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking björkallén","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of björkallén","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ståtliga","lemma":"ståtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies björkallén","gloss":"stately"},{"surface":"björkallén","lemma":"björkallén","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"the birch avenue"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of leder","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"leder","lemma":"leda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on björkallén","gloss":"leads"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leder","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of leder","gloss":"church"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch32-p6-s3","source":"De kommo på den vita marken mellan de vitstammiga björkarna i snövita fårskinnskoftor, vita skinnkjolar, gula eller svart- och vitrandiga förkläden och vita hättor, som slöto tätt om det vita håret.","translation":"They came across the white ground between the white-trunked birches in snow-white sheepskin jackets, white skirts of skin, yellow or black-and-white-striped aprons, and white caps that fit close about their white hair.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fårskinnskoftor","title":"Sheepskin jackets","body":"«fårskinnskofta» = «fårskinn» ('sheepskin') + «kofta» ('jacket/cardigan'): a short jacket of tanned sheepskin, part of the traditional winter dress of old rural women in Dalarna."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of marken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking björkarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of björkarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vitstammiga","lemma":"vitstammig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies björkarna","gloss":"white-trunked"},{"surface":"björkarna","lemma":"björkarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"the birches"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fårskinnskoftor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"snövita","lemma":"snövita","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies fårskinnskoftor","gloss":"snow-white"},{"surface":"fårskinnskoftor","lemma":"fårskinnskoftor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"sheepskin jackets"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skinnkjolar","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"skinnkjolar","lemma":"skinnkjol","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with fårskinnskoftor","gloss":"skirts of skin"},{"surface":"gula","lemma":"gul","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with fårskinnskoftor","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"svart-","lemma":"svart-","morphology":"noun, common gender","role":"coordinated with fårskinnskoftor","gloss":"black-"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vitrandiga","lemma":"vitrandig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies förkläden","gloss":"white-striped"},{"surface":"förkläden","lemma":"förkläd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with svart-","gloss":"aprons"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hättor","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"hättor","lemma":"hätta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with fårskinnskoftor","gloss":"caps"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of slöto","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"slöto","lemma":"slöto","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on hättor","gloss":"fitted","note":"Historical plural past form of sluta."},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slöto","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håret","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håret","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies håret","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"håret","lemma":"hår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies slöto","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":22,"label":"7","id":"ch32-p7-s1","source":"»Kära mor Akka,» sade pojken, »far långsamt här, så att jag får se på gammalfolket!»","translation":"»Dear mother Akka,» said the boy, »go slowly here, so that I can get a look at the old folk!»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kära","lemma":"Kära","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dear","note":"Used as a term of address (\"Kära mor Akka\" = \"Dear mother Akka\"), not a literal command."},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kära","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies Kära","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Kära","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsamt","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gammalfolket","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"gammalfolket","lemma":"gammalfolket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"the old folk"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch32-p7-s2","source":"Detta tyckte visst förargåsen vara en rimlig begäran, för hon sänkte sig, så långt hon vågade, och for tre gånger fram och tillbaka över björkallén.","translation":"This the lead goose evidently thought a reasonable request, for she lowered herself as far as she dared, and flew three times back and forth over the birch avenue.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förargåsen","gloss":"certainly","note":"surface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'."},{"surface":"förargåsen","lemma":"förargås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"lead goose"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to begäran","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of begäran","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rimlig","lemma":"rimlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies begäran","gloss":"reasonable"},{"surface":"begäran","lemma":"begäran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"request"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sänkte","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vågade","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gånger","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with sänkte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking björkallén","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"björkallén","lemma":"björkallén","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the birch avenue"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch32-p7-s3","source":"Inte är det lätt att säga hur de togo sig ut på nära håll, men pojken tyckte, att han aldrig hade sett gamla kvinnor se så kloka och värdiga ut.","translation":"It is not easy to say how they looked up close, but the boy thought he had never seen old women look so wise and dignified.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"togo","title":"Archaic plural of «ta»","body":"«togo» is the old plural preterite of «ta(ga)» ('to take'), used here in the idiom «taga sig ut» ('to look, to appear'). Modern Swedish uses «tog» for all persons; the plural form marks this as 1906 literary usage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of sig","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase hur","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lätt","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kvinnor","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"kvinnor","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of se","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sett","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kloka","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"kloka","lemma":"kloka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"värdiga","lemma":"värdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with kloka","gloss":"dignified"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch32-p7-s4","source":"»De här gamla ser ut, som om de hade kungar till söner och drottningar till döttrar,» sade pojken för sig själv.","translation":"»These old women look as though they had kings for sons and queens for daughters,» said the boy to himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gamla","gloss":"these","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"old women"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ser","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kungar","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking söner","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"söner","lemma":"sön","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"drottningar","lemma":"drottning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with söner","gloss":"queens"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking döttrar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"döttrar","lemma":"döttr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ser","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":26,"label":"8","id":"ch32-p8-s1","source":"Men i Leksand var det inte bättre än i Rättvik.","translation":"But in Leksand it was no better than in Rättvik.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Leksand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Leksand","lemma":"Leksand","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of bättre","gloss":"Leksand"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bättre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bättre","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bättre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rättvik","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rättvik","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Rättvik","lemma":"Rättvik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of bättre","gloss":"Rättvik"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch32-p8-s2","source":"Det låg tjock snö överallt, och Akka såg sig ingen annan råd än att fortsätta söderut mot Gagnef.","translation":"Thick snow lay everywhere, and Akka saw no other choice than to continue south toward Gagnef.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of snö","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"tjock","lemma":"tjock","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"snö","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snö","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of såg","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of råd","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies råd","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"råd","lemma":"råd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fortsätta","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying råd","gloss":"to continue"},{"surface":"söderut","lemma":"söderut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortsätta","gloss":"southward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gagnef","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Gagnef","lemma":"Gagnef","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fortsätta","gloss":"Gagnef"}]},{"number":28,"label":"9","id":"ch32-p9-s1","source":"I Gagnef hade de begravt en död före gudstjänsten den dagen.","translation":"In Gagnef they had buried someone dead before the service that day.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gagnef","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gagnef","lemma":"Gagnef","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"Gagnef"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of begravt","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"begravt","lemma":"begravt","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"buried"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of död","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"död","lemma":"död","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"someone dead","note":"Examples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival."},{"surface":"före","lemma":"före","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gudstjänsten","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"gudstjänsten","lemma":"gudstjänst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"church service"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gudstjänsten","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch32-p9-s2","source":"Liktåget hade kommit sent till kyrkan, och sedan hade det dragit ut på tiden med jordfästningen.","translation":"The funeral procession had arrived late at the church, and afterward the burial had run long.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"liktåget / jordfästningen","title":"Funeral vocabulary","body":"«liktåg» = «lik» ('corpse') + «tåg» ('procession'), the funeral cortege; «jordfästning» = the graveside committal service ('earth-fastening'), the rite that follows the church service proper."}],"words":[{"surface":"Liktåget","lemma":"liktåg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"the funeral procession"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"sent","lemma":"sen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dragit","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dragit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dragit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dragit","lemma":"draga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with kommit","gloss":"run long","note":"Archaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp)."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dragit","gloss":"run long"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"run long"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dragit","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jordfästningen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"jordfästningen","lemma":"jordfästning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tiden","gloss":"burial service"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch32-p9-s3","source":"När vildgässen kommo farande, hade inte alla människor hunnit in i kyrkan, utan flera kvinnor gingo ännu kvar på kyrkogården och sågo på sina gravar.","translation":"When the wild geese came flying by, not everyone had yet made it into the church, and several women were still standing in the churchyard, looking at their graves.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gingo","title":"Archaic plural of «gå»","body":"«gingo» is the old plural preterite of «gå» ('to go'; modern «gick» for all persons), matching the plural subject «kvinnor». It appears alongside «kommo» ('came', plural of «kom») in the same sentence — a hallmark of this book's 1906 register."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"farande","lemma":"farande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"flying/traveling"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hunnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of människor","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hunnit","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"hunnit","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made it"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hunnit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hunnit","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"preposition marking kvinnor","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kvinnor","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"kvinnor","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hunnit","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kyrkogården","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ännu","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkogården","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"kyrkogården","lemma":"kyrkogård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gingo","gloss":"churchyard"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gravar","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of gravar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"gravar","lemma":"grav","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"graves"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch32-p9-s4","source":"De voro klädda i gröna liv med röda ärmar, och på huvudena hade de kulörta dukar med brokiga fransar.","translation":"They were dressed in green bodices with red sleeves, and on their heads they wore colored kerchiefs with gaily patterned fringes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of klädda","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"klädda","lemma":"klädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liv","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of klädda","gloss":"bodices"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ärmar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"röda","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ärmar","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"ärmar","lemma":"ärm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of klädda","gloss":"sleeves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvudena","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"huvudena","lemma":"huvude","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dukar","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kulörta","lemma":"kulörta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of dukar","gloss":"colored"},{"surface":"dukar","lemma":"duka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kerchiefs"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fransar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"brokiga","lemma":"brokig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fransar","gloss":"colorful"},{"surface":"fransar","lemma":"frans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of dukar","gloss":"fringes"}]},{"number":32,"label":"10","id":"ch32-p10-s1","source":"»Kära mor Akka, flyg långsamt här, så att jag får se på bondhustrurna!» sade pojken, och detta tyckte nog vildgåsen vara en rimlig begäran, för hon sänkte sig så långt ner, som hon vågade, och for tre gånger fram och tillbaka över kyrkogården.","translation":"»Dear mother Akka, fly slowly here, so that I can get a look at the farmwives!» said the boy, and this too the wild goose evidently thought a reasonable request, for she lowered herself as far down as she dared, and flew three times back and forth over the churchyard.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kära","lemma":"Kära","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dear","note":"Used as a term of address (\"Kära mor Akka\" = \"Dear mother Akka\"), not a literal command."},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kära","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Kära","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"flyg","lemma":"flyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"fly!","note":"surfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun."},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kära","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsamt","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Kära","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bondhustrurna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"bondhustrurna","lemma":"bondhustrurna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"the farmwives"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"evidently"},{"surface":"vildgåsen","lemma":"vildgåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of begäran","gloss":"wild goose"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to begäran","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of begäran","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rimlig","lemma":"rimlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies begäran","gloss":"reasonable"},{"surface":"begäran","lemma":"begäran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tyckte","gloss":"request"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sänkte","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ner","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of vågade","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gånger","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with vågade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkogården","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"kyrkogården","lemma":"kyrkogård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"churchyard"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch32-p10-s2","source":"Det är svårt att säga hur de togo sig ut på nära håll, men när pojken såg kvinnorna så där uppifrån mellan kyrkogårdens träd, tyckte han, att de voro som de vänaste blommor.","translation":"It is hard to say how they looked up close, but when the boy saw the women from up there among the churchyard trees, he thought they were like the loveliest of flowers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with svårt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to svårt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on svårt","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of sig","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase hur","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svårt","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"kvinnorna","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"uppifrån","lemma":"uppifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase där","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träd","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"kyrkogårdens","lemma":"kyrkogård","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of träd","gloss":"churchyard's"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppifrån","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of blommor","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of blommor","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vänaste","lemma":"vän","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies blommor","gloss":"the loveliest"},{"surface":"blommor","lemma":"blomma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of voro","gloss":"flowers"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch32-p10-s3","source":"»De är allesammans, som hade de vuxit på en örtasäng i kungens trädgård,» tänkte han.","translation":"»They all look as though they had grown in a flowerbed in the king's garden,» he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of allesammans","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to allesammans","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"allesammans","lemma":"allesammans","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vuxit","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vuxit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vuxit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vuxit","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on allesammans","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking örtasäng","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of örtasäng","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"örtasäng","lemma":"örtasäng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vuxit","gloss":"flowerbed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trädgård","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"kungens","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of trädgård","gloss":"king's"},{"surface":"trädgård","lemma":"trädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vuxit","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to allesammans","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":35,"label":"11","id":"ch32-p11-s1","source":"Men inte i Gagnef heller fanns det ett enda bart fält, och vildgässen hade ingen annan råd än att fortsätta söderut mot Floda.","translation":"But not in Gagnef either was there a single bare field, and the wild geese had no other choice than to continue south toward Floda.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Gagnef","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gagnef","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gagnef","lemma":"Gagnef","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"Gagnef"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of fält","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies bart","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"bart","lemma":"bar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fält","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"fält","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of råd","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies råd","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"råd","lemma":"råd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fortsätta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fortsätta","lemma":"fortsätta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying råd","gloss":"to continue"},{"surface":"söderut","lemma":"söderut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortsätta","gloss":"southward"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Floda","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Floda","lemma":"Floda","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fortsätta","gloss":"Floda"}]},{"number":36,"label":"12","id":"ch32-p12-s1","source":"I Floda satt folket inne i kyrkan, när vildgässen kommo flygande, men det skulle bli kyrkvigsel den dagen efter gudstjänstens slut, och brudföljet var uppställt ute på kyrkbacken.","translation":"In Floda the people sat inside the church when the wild geese came flying, but there was to be a church wedding that day after the service ended, and the bridal party was gathered outside on the church hill.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kyrkvigsel / brudföljet","title":"Wedding vocabulary","body":"«kyrkvigsel» = «kyrka» + «vigsel», a church wedding ceremony; «brudföljet» is the bridal party/procession (bride, groom, attendants, family) assembled to walk in together — «kyrkbacken» is the sloped ground before the church where they gather."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Floda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Floda","lemma":"Floda","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"Floda"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"folket","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkan","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"kyrkan","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"flygande","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bli","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"was to"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kommo","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"kyrkvigsel","lemma":"kyrkvigsel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"church wedding"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slut","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"gudstjänstens","lemma":"gudstjänst","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of slut","gloss":"the service's"},{"surface":"slut","lemma":"slut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brudföljet","lemma":"brudfölje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of uppställt","gloss":"the bridal party"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to uppställt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"uppställt","lemma":"uppställa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"assembled"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppställt","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkbacken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kyrkbacken","lemma":"kyrkback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppställt","gloss":"church hill"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch32-p12-s2","source":"Bruden stod med guldkrona över utslaget hår och var behängd med smycken och blommor och brokiga band, och alltsammans var så grant, att det gjorde ont i ögonen, när man såg på henne.","translation":"The bride stood with a gold crown over her loosened hair and was hung with jewels and flowers and gaily colored ribbons, and everything about her was so splendid that it hurt the eyes to look at her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bruden","lemma":"brud","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"bride"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guldkrona","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"guldkrona","lemma":"guldkrona","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"gold crown"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hår","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"utslaget","lemma":"utslagen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase över","gloss":"loosened"},{"surface":"hår","lemma":"hår","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies guldkrona","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies behängd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"behängd","lemma":"behängda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking smycken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"smycken","lemma":"smycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of behängd","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blommor","lemma":"blomma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies band","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brokiga","lemma":"brokig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with blommor","gloss":"colorful"},{"surface":"band","lemma":"band","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of behängd","gloss":"ribbons"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alltsammans","lemma":"alltsammans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of grant","gloss":"all of it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to grant","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grant","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"grant","lemma":"grant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with behängd","gloss":"fine/splendid"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjorde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on behängd","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gjorde","gloss":"hurt"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on behängd","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking henne","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch32-p12-s3","source":"Brudgummen gick i blå långrock, knäbyxor och röd mössa.","translation":"The bridegroom walked in a blue long coat, knee breeches, and a red cap.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Brudgummen","lemma":"brudgumme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"the bridegroom"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking långrock","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"blå","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies långrock","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"långrock","lemma":"långrock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"long coat"},{"surface":"knäbyxor","lemma":"knäbyxor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"knee breeches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"röd","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mössa","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"mössa","lemma":"mössa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"cap"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch32-p12-s4","source":"Brudtärnorna hade liv och kjolkanter broderade med rosor och tulpaner, föräldrar och grannar gingo med i tåget i sina brokiga sockendräkter.","translation":"The bridesmaids had bodices and skirt hems embroidered with roses and tulips, and parents and neighbors walked along in the procession in their gaily colored parish costumes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Brudtärnorna","title":"\"the bridesmaids\"","body":"«brudtärna» = «brud» ('bride') + «tärna» (an old word for a young woman/maiden), 'bridesmaid'; the definite plural suffix «-orna» gives 'the bridesmaids'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Brudtärnorna","lemma":"Brudtärnorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the bridesmaids"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"bodices"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kjolkanter","lemma":"kjolkant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with liv","gloss":"skirt hems"},{"surface":"broderade","lemma":"brodera","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"embroidered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rosor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"rosor","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of broderade","gloss":"roses"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tulpaner","lemma":"tulpan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with rosor","gloss":"tulips"},{"surface":"föräldrar","lemma":"förälder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with rosor","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grannar","lemma":"granna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with rosor","gloss":"neighbors"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tåget","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tåget","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tåget","lemma":"tåg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"procession","note":"Second example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sockendräkter","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of sockendräkter","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"brokiga","lemma":"brokig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sockendräkter","gloss":"colorful"},{"surface":"sockendräkter","lemma":"sockendräkt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"parish costumes"}]},{"number":40,"label":"13","id":"ch32-p13-s1","source":"»Kära mor Akka, flyg långsamt här, så att jag hinner se på ungfolket!» bad pojken, och förargåsen sänkte sig, så långt hon vågade, och for tre gånger fram och tillbaka över kyrkbacken.","translation":"»Dear mother Akka, fly slowly here, so that I have time to look at the young folk!» begged the boy, and the lead goose lowered herself as far as she dared, and flew three times back and forth over the church hill.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kära","lemma":"Kära","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"modifies bad","gloss":"dear","note":"Used as a term of address (\"Kära mor Akka\" = \"Dear mother Akka\"), not a literal command."},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Kära","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Akka","lemma":"Akka","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Kära","gloss":"Akka","note":"proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated."},{"surface":"flyg","lemma":"flyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Akka","gloss":"fly!","note":"surfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun."},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Kära","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsamt","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of hinner","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hinner","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hinner","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"get through in time"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Kära","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ungfolket","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ungfolket","lemma":"ungfolk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"the young folk"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bad","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"förargåsen","lemma":"förargåse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkte","gloss":"lead goose"},{"surface":"sänkte","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bad","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vågade","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sänkte","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gånger","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies gånger","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vågade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kyrkbacken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"kyrkbacken","lemma":"kyrkback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"church hill"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch32-p13-s2","source":"Det är svårt att säga hur de togo sig ut på nära håll, men så, som pojken såg dem uppifrån, tyckte han, att så ljuv brud och så stolt brudgum och så ståtlig brudskara kunde inte finnas på något annat håll.","translation":"It is hard to say how they looked up close, but as the boy saw them from above, he thought that so sweet a bride and so proud a bridegroom and so stately a bridal party could not be found anywhere else.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with svårt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to svårt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on svårt","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of sig","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"togo","lemma":"togo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"took","note":"Old plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"part of the phrase hur","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"up close"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"uppifrån","lemma":"uppifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to svårt","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of brud","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ljuv","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ljuv","lemma":"ljuv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies brud","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"brud","lemma":"brud","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"bride"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stolt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stolt","lemma":"stolt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with brud","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"brudgum","lemma":"brudgum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of stolt","gloss":"bridegroom"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies brudskara","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ståtlig","lemma":"ståtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies brudskara","gloss":"stately"},{"surface":"brudskara","lemma":"brudskara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with brud","gloss":"bridal party"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies finnas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tyckte","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch32-p13-s3","source":"»Jag undrar om kungen och drottningen är finare, där de går i sitt slott,» tänkte han för sig själv.","translation":"»I wonder if the king and queen are any finer, where they walk in their palace,» he thought to himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on finare","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kungen","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of undrar","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"drottningen","lemma":"drottning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kungen","gloss":"the queen"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to finare","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"finare","lemma":"fin","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"finer"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of går","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on finare","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slott","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of slott","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"slott","lemma":"slott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to finare","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":43,"label":"14","id":"ch32-p14-s1","source":"Men här i Floda funno vildgässen äntligen nakna fält, så att de inte behövde fara längre för att få sig mat.","translation":"But here in Floda the wild geese finally found bare fields, so that they did not need to travel any farther to get food.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"funno","title":"Archaic plural of «finna»","body":"«funno» is the old plural preterite of «finna» ('to find'; modern «fann» for all persons) — the last of this chapter's plural verb forms (with «voro», «kommo», «gingo», «togo»), all normalized to a single form in modern Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funno","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Floda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Floda","lemma":"Floda","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of funno","gloss":"Floda"},{"surface":"funno","lemma":"funno","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found","note":"Funno is the historical plural past form of finna."},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of funno","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"äntligen","lemma":"äntligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funno","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"nakna","lemma":"nakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fält","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"fält","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of funno","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of fara","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behövde","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"needed to"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on funno","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fara","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of få","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"food"}]}]}