{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch34","title":{"source":"Sagan om Uppland","translated":"The Tale of Uppland"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch34","lines":71},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch33","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch35","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch34-p1-s1","source":"Nästa dag hade regnet upphört, men stormen fortfor hela förmiddagen, översvämningen utbredde sig alltjämt.","translation":"The next day the rain had stopped, but the storm continued the whole forenoon, and the flood kept spreading further.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hade upphört","title":"Pluperfect: had already stopped","body":"«hade upphört» ('had ceased') is the pluperfect (past-of-the-past): the rain's stopping is set before the other events being narrated. Formed with «hade» + supine, the same pattern as English 'had stopped'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upphört","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of upphört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"regnet","lemma":"regn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of upphört","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"upphört","lemma":"upphöra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"stormen","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fortfor","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on utbredde","gloss":"went on/continued","note":"Past tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral."},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies förmiddagen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"förmiddagen","lemma":"förmiddag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fortfor","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"översvämningen","lemma":"översvämning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of utbredde","gloss":"flood"},{"surface":"utbredde","lemma":"utbredde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of upphört","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of utbredde","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"alltjämt","lemma":"alltjämt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utbredde","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch34-p1-s2","source":"Men strax efter middagen skedde ett omslag.","translation":"But shortly after midday a change occurred.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"strax","lemma":"strax","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies middagen","gloss":"shortly"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking middagen","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"middagen","lemma":"middag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skedde","gloss":"midday"},{"surface":"skedde","lemma":"ske","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of omslag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"omslag","lemma":"omslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skedde","gloss":"change"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch34-p1-s3","source":"Det blev med ens det allra vackraste väder: varmt, stilla och ljuvligt.","translation":"All at once the weather turned the loveliest imaginable: warm, calm, and delightful.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"med ens","title":"'All at once'","body":"«med ens» is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning 'all at once, suddenly' — literally close to 'with [a] single [stroke]'. It is common in older narrative prose to mark an abrupt turn."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väder","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ens","lemma":"ens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"at once","note":"Used in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of väder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackraste","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"vackraste","lemma":"vackr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies väder","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"väder","lemma":"väder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"varmt","lemma":"varm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to väder","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with varmt","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ljuvligt","lemma":"ljuvlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with varmt","gloss":"delightful"}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"ch34-p2-s1","source":"Pojken låg högst belåten mitt i en stor tuva av grant blommande kabbelök och tittade uppåt himlen, då två små skolbarn kommo gående med böcker och matsäckskorgar på en liten stig, som slingrade sig fram utefter stranden.","translation":"The boy lay most contentedly in the middle of a great tussock of splendidly blooming marsh marigold and looked up at the sky, when two little schoolchildren came walking with books and lunch baskets along a small path that wound its way along the shore.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommo","title":"Archaic plural verb agreement","body":"«kommo» is the old plural preterite of «komma» ('to come'), used because the subject «två små skolbarn» is plural. Standard Swedish had already dropped plural verb forms by 1906 in everyday speech, but Lagerlöf keeps them (also «voro», «gingo», «höllo») for a slightly formal, storybook register."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kabbelök","title":"Marsh marigold","body":"«kabbelök» (marsh marigold, *Caltha palustris*) is a bright yellow-flowered plant common in Swedish wetlands and stream banks in spring — one of the many concrete pieces of nature realia in this geography-minded book."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"högst","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies belåten","gloss":"most","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"belåten","lemma":"belåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"satisfied/content","note":"Predicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun."},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies belåten","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tuva","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tuva","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tuva","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"tuva","lemma":"tuva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"tussock"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kabbelök","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"grant","lemma":"grant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kabbelök","gloss":"splendidly"},{"surface":"blommande","lemma":"blommande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kabbelök","gloss":"blooming"},{"surface":"kabbelök","lemma":"kabbelök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tuva","gloss":"marsh marigold"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tittade","lemma":"titta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tittade","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"himlen","lemma":"himl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tittade","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies skolbarn","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skolbarn","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"skolbarn","lemma":"skolbarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"schoolchildren"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on himlen","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"gående","lemma":"gåe","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of kommo","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle 'gående' of 'gå' (to walk), used adjectivally/adverbially; mistagged as a plain adjective lemma."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking böcker","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"böcker","lemma":"bok","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"books","note":"Two distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"matsäckskorgar","lemma":"matsäckskorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with böcker","gloss":"lunch baskets"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stig","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stig","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stig","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stig","lemma":"stig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies matsäckskorgar","gloss":"path","note":"Mostly the noun 'stig' (path), mistagged as an adjective; one example is instead the imperative 'stig opp!' (get up!) of the verb stiga."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of slingrade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"slingrade","lemma":"slingra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slingrade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slingrade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"utefter","lemma":"utefter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slingrade","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch34-p2-s2","source":"De gingo långsamt och sågo mycket bedrövade ut.","translation":"They walked slowly and looked very sorrowful.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gingo / sågo","title":"Archaic plural preterite, again","body":"Another pair of pre-reform plural forms: «gingo» ('walked', from «gå») and «sågo» ('looked', from «se»), matching the plural subject «de». Modern Swedish uses the same form for singular and plural («gick», «såg»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gingo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingo","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gingo","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövade","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bedrövade","lemma":"bedrövad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of sågo","gloss":"sorrowful"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sågo","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch34-p2-s3","source":"När de hade kommit mittför Nils Holgersson, slogo de sig ner på ett par stenar och började tala om sin olycka.","translation":"When they had come right opposite Nils Holgersson, they sat themselves down on a couple of stones and began to talk about their misfortune.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"slogo de sig ner","title":"Reflexive «sig» + archaic plural","body":"«slå sig ner» ('to sit oneself down, settle') uses the reflexive pronoun «sig» — literally 'strike themselves down'. Here it also takes the archaic plural form «slogo» rather than modern «slog»."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on slogo","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"mittför","lemma":"mittför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nils","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"Nils","lemma":"Nils","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"Nils"},{"surface":"Holgersson","lemma":"Holgersson","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"depends on Nils","gloss":"Holgersson"},{"surface":"slogo","lemma":"slogoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"Past plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slogo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slogo","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies stenar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"stenar","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slogo","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slogo","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"tala","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olycka","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of olycka","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"olycka","lemma":"olycka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tala","gloss":"misfortune"}]},{"number":7,"label":"3","id":"ch34-p3-s1","source":"»Mor blir så ond på oss, när hon får höra, att vi inte har kunnat vår läxa i dag heller,» sade det ena av barnen.","translation":"\"Mother will be so angry with us, when she hears that we haven't known our lesson today either,\" said one of the children.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kunnat","title":"«kunna» = to know (a lesson)","body":"Here «kunna» doesn't mean 'to be able to' but 'to know (by heart)' — «kunna sin läxa» is 'to know one's lesson'. The supine «kunnat» pairs with «har» for the present perfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ond","lemma":"ond","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"angry","note":"ond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blir","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höra","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"gets to"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kunnat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kunnat","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kunnat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kunnat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"vår","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of läxa","gloss":"our","note":"Mistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive \"our\", not the pronoun \"we\"."},{"surface":"läxa","lemma":"läxa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kunnat","gloss":"lesson"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies kunnat","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunnat","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"saa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blir","gloss":"said","note":"lemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sade","gloss":"one","note":"this type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry."},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"one of"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barnen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies ena","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch34-p3-s2","source":"— »Ja, och far sen!» sade det andra, och därvid blev sorgen dem så övermäktig, att de började gråta.","translation":"\"— Yes, and father too!\" said the other, and at that their grief overwhelmed them so much that they began to cry.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on sade","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase Ja","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"sen","lemma":"sen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"complement of sade","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"därvid","lemma":"därvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"at that"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"sorgen","lemma":"sorg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies övermäktig","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"övermäktig","lemma":"övermäktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"too much for"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of började","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of började","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"gråta","lemma":"gråta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to cry"}]},{"number":9,"label":"4","id":"ch34-p4-s1","source":"Pojken låg just och undrade om han skulle kunna trösta dem på något sätt, då en liten, krokig gumma, som hade ett vänligt och snällt ansikte, kom vandrande framåt stigen och stannade bredvid dem.","translation":"The boy was just wondering whether he might be able to comfort them somehow, when a little, bent old woman, who had a kind and gentle face, came walking along the path and stopped beside them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gumma","title":"Old woman (folksy)","body":"«gumma» is a warm, folk term for an old woman (paired with «gubbe» for an old man) — common in fairy-tale and folk-storytelling registers, as it is here, since the old woman is about to tell a legend."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojken","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trösta","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trösta","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of trösta","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of trösta","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"trösta","lemma":"trösta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on låg","gloss":"to comfort"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of trösta","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in some way"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of trösta","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of liten","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of liten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sätt","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"krokig","lemma":"krokig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"gumma","lemma":"gumma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liten","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on gumma","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ansikte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vänligt","lemma":"vänlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ansikte","gloss":"friendly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snällt","lemma":"snäll","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vänligt","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"ansikte","lemma":"ansikte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"vandrande","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies stigen","gloss":"walking","note":"Present participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase vandrande","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"stigen","lemma":"stig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stannade","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of stannade","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":10,"label":"5","id":"ch34-p5-s1","source":"»Vad gråter de här barnen för?» frågade gumman, och då berättade de små, att de inte hade kunnat sin läxa i skolan, och nu skämdes de så, att de inte ville gå hem.","translation":"\"What are these children crying for?\" asked the old woman, and then the little ones told her that they hadn't known their lesson at school, and now they were so ashamed that they didn't want to go home.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"skämdes","title":"s-passive as reflexive: to be ashamed","body":"«skämmas» ('to be ashamed') is one of a small class of Swedish verbs that exist only in the «-s» form; it isn't a true passive here but a deponent, always used this way. «skämdes» is its preterite."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gråter","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"gråter","lemma":"gråta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are crying"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of barnen","gloss":"these","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gråter","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gråter","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"gumman","lemma":"gumma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of frågade","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berättade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"berättade","lemma":"berätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with frågade","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of små","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies berättade","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kunnat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kunnat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kunnat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kunnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on berättade","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of läxa","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"läxa","lemma":"läxa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kunnat","gloss":"lesson"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skolan","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"skolan","lemma":"skola","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kunnat","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skämdes","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"skämdes","lemma":"skämda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with kunnat","gloss":"were ashamed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive skämdes","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skämdes","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on skämdes","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gå","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":11,"label":"6","id":"ch34-p6-s1","source":"»Vad kan det ha varit, som var så svårt, att ni inte kunde lära er det?» sade den gamla, och barnen talade om, att det, som de hade haft i läxa, var hela Uppland.","translation":"\"What can it have been, that was so difficult that you couldn't learn it?\" said the old woman, and the children explained that what they'd had for their lesson was the whole of Uppland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Uppland","title":"A Swedish landskap","body":"«Uppland» is one of Sweden's traditional provinces (landskap), north of Stockholm and Lake Mälaren — the historical heartland where Uppsala and, as this legend explains, Stockholm itself lie."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of varit","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of svårt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to svårt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svårt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of varit","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lära","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lära","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lära","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lära","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"lära","lemma":"lära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on svårt","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of lära","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lära","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gamla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of talade","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on talade","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Uppland","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Uppland","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of haft","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking läxa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"läxa","lemma":"läxa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of haft","gloss":"lesson"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"copula linking to Uppland","gloss":"was","note":"mistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Uppland","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on talade","gloss":"Uppland"}]},{"number":12,"label":"7","id":"ch34-p7-s1","source":"»Ja, det är kanske inte så lätt att lära efter böcker,» sade gumman, »men nu ska ni få höra vad min mor en gång berättade mig om det här landet.","translation":"\"Well, perhaps it isn't so easy to learn from books,\" said the old woman, \"but now you shall hear what my mother once told me about this land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of lära","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"lära","lemma":"lära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking böcker","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"böcker","lemma":"bok","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lära","gloss":"books","note":"Two distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to lätt","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"gumman","lemma":"gumma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höra","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höra","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of höra","gloss":"get to"},{"surface":"höra","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of höra","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of mor","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of berättade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of berättade","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"berättade","lemma":"berätta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of berättade","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of berättade","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch34-p7-s2","source":"Jag har inte gått i skola, jag, så att jag har aldrig fått någon riktig lärdom, men det, som mor talade om, har jag kommit ihåg i hela mitt liv.»","translation":"I never went to school, myself, so I never got any proper schooling, but what my mother told about, I have remembered my whole life.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"jag har inte gått","title":"Present perfect: gone vs went","body":"«har gått» (present perfect, «har» + supine «gått») frames not attending school as a lasting fact about her life up to now, distinct from the simple past. Note the extra, emphatic «jag» tacked on after the clause — a spoken-style repetition for emphasis, common in reported dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skola","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"skola","lemma":"skola","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with skola","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on gått","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lärdom","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"riktig","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lärdom","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"lärdom","lemma":"lärdom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"learning"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of talade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of talade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"talade","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking talade","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ihåg","lemma":"ihåg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"to mind (remember)","note":"only occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liv","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of liv","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mitt\" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":14,"label":"8","id":"ch34-p8-s1","source":"»Jo, mor sade,» började gumman och satte sig ner på stenen bredvid barnen, »att för länge i världen sedan var Uppland det fattigaste och oansenligaste av alla landskap i hela Sverige.","translation":"\"Well, mother said,\" the old woman began and sat down on the stone beside the children, \"that long, long ago Uppland was the poorest and most insignificant of all the provinces in the whole of Sweden.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"var Uppland","title":"V2 word order: inversion after a fronted clause","body":"After the introductory «att för länge i världen sedan» ('that long, long ago'), the verb «var» ('was') comes before the subject «Uppland». Swedish is a strict V2 language: whenever something other than the subject opens the clause, the finite verb must still be the second element, forcing subject-verb inversion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jo","lemma":"jo","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on sade","gloss":"well/yes","note":"used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt."},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"gumman","lemma":"gumma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of började","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with började","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stenen","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barnen","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"barnen","lemma":"barn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of världen","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking länge","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies världen","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying »","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of fattigaste","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fattigaste","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of fattigaste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fattigaste","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"adverbial clause on världen","gloss":"poorest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oansenligaste","lemma":"oansenlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"coordinated with fattigaste","gloss":"most insignificant"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskap","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskap","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"landskap","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"agent of fattigaste","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sverige","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Sverige","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Sverige","lemma":"Sverige","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fattigaste","gloss":"Sweden"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch34-p8-s2","source":"Det bestod inte av annat än magra leråkrar och små låga stenbackar, och så lär det nog vara på många ställen i landskapet än i dag, fastän vi, som bor härnere vid Mälaren, inte ser mycket av det.","translation":"It consisted of nothing but lean clay fields and small low stony hills, and it is likely still that way in many places in the province today, although we who live down here by Mälaren don't see much of it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lär","title":"«lära» as 'is said to, apparently'","body":"Besides 'to teach/learn', «lära» has a separate modal use — «det lär vara...» means 'it is said to be, apparently is' — reporting something the speaker hasn't verified firsthand."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mälaren","title":"Lake Mälaren","body":"«Mälaren» is Sweden's third-largest lake, stretching west from Stockholm — the great inland waterway around which Uppland, and this whole legend, is centered."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bestod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bestod","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leråkrar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies magra","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"magra","lemma":"magr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies leråkrar","gloss":"meager"},{"surface":"leråkrar","lemma":"leråker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of bestod","gloss":"clay fields"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenbackar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"låga","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenbackar","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"stenbackar","lemma":"stenback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with leråkrar","gloss":"stony hills"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on vara","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"lär","lemma":"lära","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"is likely"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"likely"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with bestod","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of vara","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskapet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"landskapet","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of i","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bor","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bor","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bestod","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"härnere","lemma":"härnere","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of bor","gloss":"down here"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mälaren","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Mälaren","lemma":"Mälaren","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of bor","gloss":"Mälaren","note":"the large lake near Stockholm."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bestod","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ser","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":16,"label":"9","id":"ch34-p9-s1","source":"Nåja, vad det än kom sig av, så är det säkert, att det var fattigt och bedrövligt här.","translation":"Well now, whatever the cause of it, it is certain that things were poor and wretched here.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nåja","lemma":"Nåja","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"well now"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Nåja","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kom","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on säkert","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to säkert","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with säkert","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"säkert","lemma":"säker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with Nåja","gloss":"surely","note":"used adverbially, 'certainly/surely'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fattigt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fattigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fattigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bedrövligt","lemma":"bedrövlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fattigt","gloss":"wretchedly"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedrövligt","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch34-p9-s2","source":"Uppland tyckte, att de andra landskapen betraktade det som ett riktigt utskott, och sådant blir ju retsamt i längden.","translation":"Uppland felt that the other provinces regarded it as a real reject, and that sort of thing becomes irritating in the long run.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"utskott","title":"'Reject, castoff'","body":"«utskott» here means a 'reject' or 'castoff' — something set apart as inferior — not its other common sense of 'committee'. Personifying provinces as characters with feelings is the device that carries this whole legend."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of betraktade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskapen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies landskapen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of betraktade","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"betraktade","lemma":"betrakta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of betraktade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of utskott","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of utskott","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies utskott","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"utskott","lemma":"utskott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of betraktade","gloss":"reject"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with betraktade","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"retsamt","lemma":"retsamd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"irritating"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking längden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"längden","lemma":"längd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blir","gloss":"length","note":"In the idiom 'i längden' (in the long run)."}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch34-p9-s3","source":"En vacker dag blev det så trött vid eländet, att det tog säcken på ryggen och staven i handen och begav sig ut för att tigga hos dem, som hade det bättre ställt för sig.","translation":"One fine day it grew so weary of the misery that it took the sack on its back and the staff in its hand and set out to go begging from those who were better off.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"begav sig","title":"Reflexive particle verb: «bege sig»","body":"«bege sig» ('to set off, betake oneself') is a reflexive verb that always takes «sig» — it cannot be used without the reflexive pronoun. «begav» is its preterite."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of blev","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"trött","lemma":"trött","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eländet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eländet","lemma":"elände","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"misery"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tog","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of blev","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"säcken","lemma":"säck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of tog","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"staven","lemma":"stav","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"the staff"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"handen","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"begav","lemma":"begav","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"set off","note":"Reflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of begav","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on begav","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tigga","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tigga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tigga","lemma":"tigga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on begav","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hos","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of tigga","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on dem","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställt","gloss":"better off"},{"surface":"ställt","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"complement of hade","gloss":"put/placed"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":19,"label":"10","id":"ch34-p10-s1","source":"Uppland vandrade först söderut så långt som till Skåne, och när det kom dit, klagade det över hur fattigt det var och bad om land.","translation":"Uppland first wandered south, as far as Skåne, and when it got there, it complained of how poor it was and asked for land.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Skåne","title":"Skåne, Sweden's southernmost province","body":"«Skåne» is the flat, fertile province at Sweden's very southern tip, historically Danish until the 17th century and famous for rich farmland — a fitting first stop for Uppland's begging tour."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of vandrade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"vandrade","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandrade","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"söderut","lemma":"söderut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandrade","gloss":"southward"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandrade","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Skåne","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of vandrade","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vandrade","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"klagade","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vandrade","gloss":"complained"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of klagade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fattigt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klagade","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fattigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fattigt","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bad","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch34-p10-s2","source":"’Det är inte gott att veta vad man skall hitta på att ge alla, som kommer och begär,’ sade Skåne.","translation":"'It isn't easy to know what to come up with to give everyone who comes and asks,' said Skåne.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gott","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gott","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gott","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of veta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on gott","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hitta","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hitta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"skall","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hitta","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"hitta","lemma":"hitta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of veta","gloss":"come up with"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"come up with"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hitta","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on alla","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"begär","lemma":"begära","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kommer","gloss":"ask for"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"in apposition to alla","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Skåne"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch34-p10-s3","source":"’Men låt mig se!","translation":"'But let me see!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"låt","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of låt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låt","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch34-p10-s4","source":"Jag har just hållit på att gräva opp ett par märgelgravar.","translation":"I have just been busy digging up a couple of marl pits.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"märgelgravar","title":"Marl pits","body":"A «märgelgrav» is a pit dug to extract marl, a lime-rich clay once spread on Swedish fields to enrich the soil — an authentic detail of old agricultural practice, matching the leftover 'clods' Skåne offers next."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hållit","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hållit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hållit","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been busy","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hållit","gloss":"busy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gräva","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gräva","lemma":"gräva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hållit","gloss":"dig"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on gräva","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies märgelgravar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"märgelgravar","lemma":"märgelgravar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gräva","gloss":"marl pits"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch34-p10-s5","source":"Du kan få plocka till dig några jordtorvor, som jag har kastat opp på kanten, om du har något bruk för dem.’","translation":"You may pick up some clods of earth that I've thrown up onto the edge, if you have any use for them.'","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of plocka","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of plocka","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of plocka","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"plocka","lemma":"plocka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to pick"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dig","gloss":"for itself"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of plocka","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of jordtorvor","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"jordtorvor","lemma":"jordtorva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of plocka","gloss":"clods of earth"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of kastat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kastat","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kastat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kastat","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on jordtorvor","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kastat","gloss":"up","note":"Mistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, \"up\"."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kanten","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"kanten","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastat","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kastat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bruk","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"bruk","lemma":"bruk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":24,"label":"11","id":"ch34-p11-s1","source":"Uppland tackade och tog emot och gick sedan till Västergötland.","translation":"Uppland gave thanks and accepted, and then went on to Västergötland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Västergötland","title":"Västergötland, western Sweden","body":"«Västergötland» is a large province west of Lake Vättern, known for fertile plains — hence its boast below about its 'fat fields'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tackade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"tackade","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thanked"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tackade","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tackade","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västergötland","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Västergötland","lemma":"Västergötland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"Västergötland"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch34-p11-s2","source":"Också där klagade det över hur fattigt det var och bad om land.","translation":"There too it complained of how poor it was and asked for land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies där","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klagade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"klagade","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"complained"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of klagade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fattigt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klagade","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fattigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fattigt","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bad","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch34-p11-s3","source":"’Något land vill jag inte ge dig,’ sade Västergötland.","translation":"'I don't want to give you any land,' said Västergötland.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Något","lemma":"Någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to ge","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Västergötland","lemma":"Västergötland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Västergötland"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch34-p11-s4","source":"’Inte unnar jag någon bit av mina feta åkrar åt tiggare.","translation":"'I don't begrudge — I mean, I won't spare — a single bit of my fat fields for beggars.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unnar","title":"«unna» = to (not) grudge someone something","body":"«unna» means to wish someone well of something, to not begrudge it to them; «inte unna» is 'to grudge, be unwilling to let (someone) have'. Here Västergötland is refusing to spare its fields for a beggar."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies unnar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"unnar","lemma":"unna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spare"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of unnar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bit","gloss":"a single"},{"surface":"bit","lemma":"bit","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of unnar","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkrar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mina","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of åkrar","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mina\" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."},{"surface":"feta","lemma":"fet","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies åkrar","gloss":"fat","note":"Also 'rich' when describing fields."},{"surface":"åkrar","lemma":"åkra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies bit","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on unnar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tiggare","lemma":"tigg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of unnar","gloss":"beggars"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch34-p11-s5","source":"Men du ska få en av de här små åarna, som silar fram över slätten, om du kan göra dig någon nytta av den.’","translation":"But you may have one of these little streams that trickles across the plain, if you can make any use of it.'","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"one","note":"Surfaces are only \"en\"/\"En\" used as a counting pronoun (\"en av dem\" = \"one of them\"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en (\"one does X\"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun \"one\"). Gloss \"one\" happens to still be correct."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of åarna","gloss":"these","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies åarna","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"åarna","lemma":"åare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"the streams"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of silar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"silar","lemma":"sila","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on åarna","gloss":"trickles"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies silar","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of nytta","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"nytta","lemma":"nytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":29,"label":"12","id":"ch34-p12-s1","source":"Uppland tackade och tog emot och vek nu av åt Halland.","translation":"Uppland gave thanks and accepted, and now turned off toward Halland.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Halland","title":"Halland, the west coast","body":"«Halland» is a narrow province along Sweden's southwestern coast, facing the Kattegat — hence its gift of stone hills rather than fields."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tackade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"tackade","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thanked"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tackade","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vek","lemma":"vek","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"turned off"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vek","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vek","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Halland","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Halland","lemma":"Halland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of vek","gloss":"Halland"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch34-p12-s2","source":"Där började det på nytt klaga över hur fattigt det var och bad om land.","translation":"There it again began to complain of how poor it was and asked for land.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klaga","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies klaga","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"klaga","lemma":"klaga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"to complain"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fattigt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"fattigt","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on klaga","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase fattigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fattigt","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bad","lemma":"be","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with klaga","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bad","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch34-p12-s3","source":"’Jag är inte rikare, jag, än du,’ sade Halland, ’och fördenskull borde jag inte ge dig något.","translation":"'I'm no richer, myself, than you are,' said Halland, 'and for that reason I really oughtn't to give you anything.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rikare","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rikare","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies rikare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"rikare","lemma":"rik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"richer"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with rikare","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of du","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on rikare","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to rikare","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Halland","lemma":"Halland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Halland"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fördenskull","lemma":"fördenskull","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"for that reason"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ge","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch34-p12-s4","source":"Men du får bryta opp några stenkullar ur jorden och ta med dig, om du tycker, att det lönar mödan.’","translation":"But you may break up a few stone hillocks out of the ground and take them with you, if you think it's worth the trouble.'","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bryta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bryta","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"bryta","lemma":"bryta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"break up"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on bryta","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stenkullar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"stenkullar","lemma":"stenkull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bryta","gloss":"stone hillocks"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stenkullar","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with bryta","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tycker","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycker","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tycker","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bryta","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lönar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lönar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lönar","lemma":"löna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tycker","gloss":"is worth (it)"},{"surface":"mödan","lemma":"mödan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lönar","gloss":"the trouble"}]},{"number":33,"label":"13","id":"ch34-p13-s1","source":"Uppland tackade och tog emot och knogade sedan åstad till Bohuslän.","translation":"Uppland gave thanks and accepted, and then trudged onward to Bohuslän.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bohuslän","title":"Bohuslän, the rocky west coast","body":"«Bohuslän» is Sweden's northernmost western-coast province, famous for its bare granite skerries — matching the 'naked little skerries' it offers."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tackade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"tackade","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thanked"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tackade","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"knogade","lemma":"knoga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"trudged"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on knogade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"åstad","lemma":"åstad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with tackade","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bohuslän","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Bohuslän","lemma":"Bohuslän","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of åstad","gloss":"Bohuslän","note":"Swedish coastal province."}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch34-p13-s2","source":"Där fick det lov att plocka i sin säck så många nakna små skär, som det hade lust till.","translation":"There it was allowed to pick as many bare little skerries into its sack as it liked.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"skär","title":"Skerries","body":"«skär» (skerries) are small, bare rocky islets, characteristic of Sweden's western and eastern archipelagos — a key piece of Swedish coastal geography."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was allowed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lov","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of plocka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"plocka","lemma":"plocka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fick","gloss":"to pick"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking säck","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of säck","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"säck","lemma":"säck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of plocka","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skär","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"nakna","lemma":"nakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies små","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skär","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"skär","lemma":"skära","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"complement of fick","gloss":"skerries"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"as","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on skär","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lust","lemma":"lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hade","gloss":"wanted"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch34-p13-s3","source":"’De där ser ju inte mycket ut, men de är goda att ha till skydd mot blåsten,’ sade Bohuslän.","translation":"'Those don't look like much, of course, but they're good to have as shelter against the wind,' said Bohuslän.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on ser","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ser","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of goda","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to goda","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with ser","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on goda","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ha","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"skydd","lemma":"skydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blåsten","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"blåsten","lemma":"blåst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ha","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to goda","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Bohuslän","lemma":"Bohuslän","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Bohuslän","note":"Swedish coastal province."}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch34-p13-s4","source":"’Du kan nog göra dig nytta av dem, eftersom du är hemma vid kusten, du såväl som jag.’","translation":"'You can surely make use of them, since you're at home on the coast, you as well as I.'","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"dig","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of göra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nytta","lemma":"nytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of göra","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"eftersom","lemma":"eftersom","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of är","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of är","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on göra","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies är","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of är","gloss":"coast"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"parallel clause to göra","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"såväl","lemma":"såväl","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies göra","gloss":"as well as","note":"used in the pair 'såväl...som' (both...and)."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jag","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying såväl","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":37,"label":"14","id":"ch34-p14-s1","source":"Uppland var tacksamt för allt, som skänktes det, och sade inte nej till något, fastän det överallt fick sådant, som de andra tyckte att de lättast kunde vara av med.","translation":"Uppland was grateful for everything it was given, and said no to nothing, even though everywhere it got the kind of thing the others thought they could most easily spare.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"skänktes","title":"s-passive: «skänkas»","body":"«skänktes» is the s-passive preterite of «skänka» ('to give, bestow') — 'was given', with the agent («de andra landskapen») left unstated. The «-s» ending is the regular Swedish way to form a passive, without needing «bli» + participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of tacksamt","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tacksamt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tacksamt","lemma":"tacksam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"grateful"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking allt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tacksamt","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skänktes","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skänktes","lemma":"skänkta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on allt","gloss":"was given"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skänktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tacksamt","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nej","lemma":"nej","morphology":"interjection","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking något","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fick","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on något","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"the","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sådant","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of lättast","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"lättast","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"subject of vara","gloss":"most easily"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vara","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vara","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vara","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch34-p14-s2","source":"Värmland slängde till det en bit berggrund.","translation":"Värmland tossed it a piece of bedrock.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Värmland","title":"Värmland, west of Lake Vänern","body":"«Värmland» lies west of Lake Vänern near the Norwegian border; it turns out later in the tale to have unknowingly given away rich iron ore in its 'bedrock'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Värmland","lemma":"Värmland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of slängde","gloss":"Värmland","note":"A Swedish province."},{"surface":"slängde","lemma":"slänga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berggrund","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of berggrund","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bit","lemma":"bit","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies berggrund","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"berggrund","lemma":"berggrund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slängde","gloss":"bedrock"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch34-p14-s3","source":"Västmanland gav det en sträcka av sina åsar.","translation":"Västmanland gave it a stretch of its ridges.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Västmanland","lemma":"Västmanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gav","gloss":"Västmanland"},{"surface":"gav","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave","note":"Light-verb idioms in the examples: \"gav ... till ett klagoskrik\" = let out a cry; \"gav sig tid\" = took the time — not literal \"gave\" in either case."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"indirect object of gav","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sträcka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sträcka","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gav","gloss":"stretch"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of åsar","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies sträcka","gloss":"ridges"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch34-p14-s4","source":"Östergötland skänkte det ett stycke av den vilda Kolmården, och Småland plockade säcken nästan full med mossar och stenrös och ljungbackar.","translation":"Östergötland gave it a piece of the wild Kolmården forest, and Småland filled the sack almost full with bogs and stone cairns and heather-covered hills.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kolmården","title":"Kolmården, a wild forest tract","body":"«Kolmården» is a large, historically wild forest ridge between Östergötland and Södermanland — long a byword for wilderness and danger on the old highway north."}],"words":[{"surface":"Östergötland","lemma":"Östergötland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of skänkte","gloss":"Östergötland"},{"surface":"skänkte","lemma":"skänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skänkte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of skänkte","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kolmården","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Kolmården","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Kolmården","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"Kolmården","lemma":"Kolmårde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"Kolmården","note":"Proper place name of the forest; lemma preserves the indefinite base form."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Småland","lemma":"Småland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of plockade","gloss":"Småland"},{"surface":"plockade","lemma":"plocka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skänkte","gloss":"picked"},{"surface":"säcken","lemma":"säck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of plockade","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies full","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of plockade","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mossar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mossar","lemma":"moss","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of full","gloss":"bogs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stenrös","lemma":"stenrös","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mossar","gloss":"stone heap"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ljungbackar","lemma":"ljungback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with mossar","gloss":"heather-covered hills"}]},{"number":41,"label":"15","id":"ch34-p15-s1","source":"Sörmland ville inte skänka annat än ett par Mälarfjärdar, och Dalarna tyckte likaså, att det inte ville avstå någon fast mark, och frågade om Uppland ville hålla till godo med ett stycke av Dalälven.","translation":"Sörmland was willing to give nothing but a couple of Mälaren bays, and Dalarna likewise felt it didn't want to give up any solid ground, and asked whether Uppland would make do with a piece of the Dal River.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mälarfjärdar","title":"Bays of Lake Mälaren","body":"A «fjärd» is a broad, open bay or reach of water, especially on a lake; «Mälarfjärdar» are the wide bays of Lake Mälaren — later, in the legend, drawn far inland to give Uppland its access to the sea trade."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sörmland","lemma":"Sörmland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of skänka","gloss":"Sörmland","note":"A Swedish province."},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skänka","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies skänka","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skänka","lemma":"skänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies par","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase annat","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Mälarfjärdar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"Mälarfjärdar","lemma":"Mälarfjärdar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of skänka","gloss":"Mälaren bays"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Dalarna","lemma":"Dalarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"Dalarna","note":"Swedish province."},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skänka","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"likaså","lemma":"likaså","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckte","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avstå","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of avstå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies avstå","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of avstå","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"avstå","lemma":"avstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"to give up"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mark","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mark","gloss":"solid","note":"Here used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'."},{"surface":"mark","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of avstå","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frågade","lemma":"fråga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with avstå","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Uppland","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of frågade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hålla","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"hålla","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with avstå","gloss":"to make do"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hålla","gloss":"content"},{"surface":"godo","lemma":"godo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"make do (with)","note":"Archaic dative form of 'gott', almost always in 'hålla till godo med' = 'to make do with'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stycke","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hålla","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dalälven","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Dalälven","lemma":"Dalälv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"the Dal River","note":"Proper name of the river Dalälven."}]},{"number":42,"label":"16","id":"ch34-p16-s1","source":"Till sist fick det av Närke några av de vattensjuka ängarna på Hjälmarstranden, och med detta hade det fått säcken så full, att det tyckte, att det inte behövde vandra längre.","translation":"Lastly it got from Närke some of the waterlogged meadows on the shore of Lake Hjälmaren, and with that it had gotten its sack so full that it felt it no longer needed to wander any further.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Hjälmarstranden","title":"The shore of Lake Hjälmaren","body":"«Hjälmaren» is Sweden's fourth-largest lake, in Närke and Södermanland, west of Mälaren — «Hjälmarstranden» is 'the Hjälmaren shore'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"lastly"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Närke","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Närke","lemma":"Närke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies några","gloss":"Närke"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ängarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ängarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vattensjuka","lemma":"vattensjuka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ängarna","gloss":"waterlogged"},{"surface":"ängarna","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies några","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hjälmarstranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Hjälmarstranden","lemma":"Hjälmarstranden","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies ängarna","gloss":"the shore of Hjälmaren"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with fick","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"säcken","lemma":"säck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies full","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"full","lemma":"full","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of fått","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tyckte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on full","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vandra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vandra","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vandra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behövde","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vandra","gloss":"needed to"},{"surface":"vandra","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vandra","gloss":"farther"}]},{"number":43,"label":"17","id":"ch34-p17-s1","source":"När Uppland kom hem till sitt och plockade opp allt, vad det hade samlat ihop, kunde det inte låta bli att tycka, att det var en förfärlig massa avskrap, som det hade fått, och det suckade och undrade hur det skulle bära sig åt för att få någon nytta av gåvorna.","translation":"When Uppland came home and took out everything it had collected, it couldn't help thinking that what it had gotten was a dreadful heap of scraps, and it sighed and wondered how it should go about making any use of the gifts.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"avskrap","title":"'Scraps, leavings'","body":"«avskrap» means worthless scraps or leftovers scraped off — literally related to «skrapa» ('to scrape'). It sums up how meager the assorted gifts look before Uppland's cleverness transforms them."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on låta","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking allt","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of opp","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"plockade","lemma":"plocka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sitt","gloss":"picked"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"up","note":"mistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'."},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of samlat","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of samlat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of samlat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"samlat","lemma":"samla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of kom","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"ihop","lemma":"ihop","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on samlat","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tycka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tycka","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avskrap","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of avskrap","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to avskrap","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of massa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förfärlig","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies massa","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"massa","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies avskrap","gloss":"a mass of"},{"surface":"avskrap","lemma":"avskrap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"clausal complement of låta","gloss":"scraps"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on avskrap","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of suckade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"suckade","lemma":"sucka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with avskrap","gloss":"sighed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with suckade","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bära","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bära","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bära","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"bära","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on avskrap","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bära","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bära","gloss":"about it"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bära","gloss":"make use of"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of nytta","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"nytta","lemma":"nytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåvorna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåvorna","lemma":"gåvorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":44,"label":"18","id":"ch34-p18-s1","source":"Det ena året följde efter det andra, och Uppland gick hemma och ordnade med sitt, och till sist hade det fått allt så, som det ville ha det.","translation":"One year followed another, and Uppland stayed home arranging its affairs, and at last it had gotten everything just as it wanted it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of året","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies året","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"året","lemma":"år","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of följde","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with följde","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ordnade","lemma":"ordna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"arranging","note":"The two surfaces represent different verbal uses despite the adjective label."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sitt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ordnade","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"sist","lemma":"sist","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies så","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"in that way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":45,"label":"19","id":"ch34-p19-s1","source":"Vid den tiden blev det tal om var i Sverige kungen skulle bo och huvudstaden resas, och alla landskap kom tillsammans för att överlägga om detta.","translation":"At that time there arose talk of where in Sweden the king should live and the capital be raised, and all the provinces came together to deliberate on the matter.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tiden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bo","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bo","gloss":"was","note":"This is the past tense \"var\" of vara (\"to be\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sverige","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Sverige","lemma":"Sverige","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies var","gloss":"Sweden"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bo","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bo","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvudstaden","lemma":"huvudstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bo","gloss":"capital"},{"surface":"resas","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"to be raised"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskap","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"landskap","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"tillsammans","lemma":"tillsammans","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of överlägga","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of överlägga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"överlägga","lemma":"överlägga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"deliberate"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of överlägga","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch34-p19-s2","source":"Det var klart, att vart och ett ville ha kungen till sig, och det blev ett långt tvistande.","translation":"It was clear that each one wanted the king for itself, and there was a long dispute.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with klart","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klart","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"klart","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"var","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"each","note":"Surface 'vart' covers both the adverb 'vart' (whither/to where, ch11/ch16) and the neuter form of determiner 'var' (each, agreeing with neuter 'ett' in 'vart och ett' = each one, ch34/ch43); the latter sense was missing."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase vart","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase vart","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on klart","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of ha","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with klart","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of tvistande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tvistande","gloss":"long","note":"Both examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance)."},{"surface":"tvistande","lemma":"tvistande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"disputing"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch34-p19-s3","source":"’Jag tycker, att kungen borde bo i det landskapet, som är klokast och duktigast,’ sade Uppland, och detta fann alla vara ett vist råd.","translation":"'I think the king ought to live in the province that is the wisest and most capable,' said Uppland, and everyone found this to be wise counsel.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tycker","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bo","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"böra","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bo","gloss":"ought to","note":"Bare borde is simple past modal (\"ought to\"/\"should\"); the perfect sense (\"ought to have\") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth (\"borde släppa taget\") has no ha and translates as plain \"ought to.\""},{"surface":"bo","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tycker","gloss":"to live","note":"\"To dwell/live\"; not to be confused with bo, \"nest\"."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskapet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landskapet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"landskapet","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of bo","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klokast","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klokast","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"klokast","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"relative clause on landskapet","gloss":"wisest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duktigast","lemma":"duktigyckat","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with klokast","gloss":"most capable"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bo","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"fann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tycker","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of råd","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to råd","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of råd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vist","lemma":"vist","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies råd","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"råd","lemma":"råd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"advice"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch34-p19-s4","source":"De beslöt, att det landskapet, som kunde visa, att det ägde mest klokhet och duglighet, skulle få kungen och huvudstaden.","translation":"They decided that the province that could show it possessed the most wisdom and ability should get the king and the capital.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of beslöt","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"beslöt","lemma":"beslöt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landskapet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"landskapet","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on landskapet","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ägde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ägde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ägde","lemma":"äg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of visa","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies klokhet","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"klokhet","lemma":"klokhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ägde","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duglighet","lemma":"duglighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klokhet","gloss":"ability"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of beslöt","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvudstaden","lemma":"huvudstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kungen","gloss":"capital"}]},{"number":49,"label":"20","id":"ch34-p20-s1","source":"Knappt hade alla landskapen hunnit hem till sitt igen, förrän det kom bud från Uppland, att de skulle resa till det på gästabud.","translation":"Scarcely had all the provinces managed to get back home again, before word came from Uppland that they should travel to it for a feast.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Knappt hade... förrän","title":"Fronted «knappt» triggers inversion","body":"«Knappt» ('scarcely') opens the sentence, so by the V2 rule the verb «hade» must follow immediately, before the subject «alla landskapen» — 'Scarcely had all the provinces...', paired with «förrän» ('before, when') introducing the second clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Knappt","lemma":"Knappt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"scarcely","note":"Used adverbially, 'scarcely had...'; mistagged as adjective."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hunnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskapen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hunnit","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"hunnit","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunnit","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hunnit","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hunnit","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"bud","lemma":"bud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Uppland","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of resa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of resa","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hunnit","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of resa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gästabud","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gästabud","lemma":"gästabud","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies det","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch34-p20-s2","source":"’Vad kan det där fattiglandet ha att bjuda på?’ sade landskapen, men de hörsammade ändå bjudningen.","translation":"'What can that poor land have to offer?' said the provinces, but they heeded the invitation all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kan","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bjuda","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bjuda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bjuda","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fattiglandet","lemma":"fattiglande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bjuda","gloss":"the poor land"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of bjuda","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of bjuda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"bjuda","lemma":"bjuda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bjuda","gloss":"offer"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hörsammade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hörsammade","lemma":"hörsamma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"heeded"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörsammade","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"bjudningen","lemma":"bjudning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörsammade","gloss":"the invitation"}]},{"number":51,"label":"21","id":"ch34-p21-s1","source":"När de kom fram, blev de alldeles häpna över vad de såg.","translation":"When they arrived, they were utterly astonished at what they saw.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of häpna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies häpna","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"häpna","lemma":"häpna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"astonished","note":"Mistagged as noun; it is the plural form of the adjective 'häpen' (astonished)."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vad","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on häpna","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch34-p21-s2","source":"Där låg Uppland fullt bebyggt med präktiga gårdar i det inre, med städer vid kusterna och med alla vatten, som omgav det, uppfyllda av fartyg.","translation":"There lay Uppland fully built up with splendid farms in its interior, with towns along its coasts, and with all the waters surrounding it filled with ships.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Uppland","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of bebyggt","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"fullt","lemma":"full","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bebyggt","gloss":"fully","note":"Adverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'."},{"surface":"bebyggt","lemma":"bebygg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"built up"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"präktiga","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdar","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"gårdar","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of bebyggt","gloss":"farms"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inre","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of inre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inre","lemma":"inre","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies gårdar","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking städer","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"städer","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of bebyggt","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusterna","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"kusterna","lemma":"kusterna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies städer","gloss":"the coasts"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vatten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vatten","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with städer","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of omgav","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"omgav","lemma":"omgav","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vatten","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of omgav","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"uppfyllda","lemma":"uppfylld","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with bebyggt","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fartyg","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fartyg","lemma":"fartyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"agent of uppfyllda","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":53,"label":"22","id":"ch34-p22-s1","source":"’Det är en skam att gå och tigga, när man har det så bra,’ sade de andra landskapen.","translation":"'It's a shame to go around begging when one is so well off,' said the other provinces.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skam","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skam","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skam","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skam","lemma":"skam","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of gå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying skam","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tigga","lemma":"tigga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with gå","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gå","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bra","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"well off"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to skam","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskapen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies landskapen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"provinces"}]},{"number":54,"label":"23","id":"ch34-p23-s1","source":"’Jag har bjudit er hit för att tacka er för era gåvor,’ sade Uppland, ’för det är deras förtjänst, att jag nu har det så, att jag kan bärga mig.’","translation":"'I have invited you here to thank you for your gifts,' said Uppland, 'for it is thanks to them that I am now so well off that I can support myself.'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bärga sig","title":"'To manage, get by'","body":"«bärga sig» means 'to manage, support oneself, get by' — a reflexive idiom related to «bärga» ('to harvest, salvage'). Here it caps Uppland's turn from beggar to self-sufficient host."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bjudit","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bjudit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"bjudit","lemma":"bjuda","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"invited"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"indirect object of bjudit","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bjudit","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tacka","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tacka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tacka","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bjudit","gloss":"thank","note":"Gloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of tacka","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåvor","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"era","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of gåvor","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"gåvor","lemma":"gåva","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tacka","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bjudit","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förtjänst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of förtjänst","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"förtjänst","lemma":"förtjänst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"merit"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bjudit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bärga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bärga","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bärga","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"bärga","lemma":"bärga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on har","gloss":"support myself"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bärga","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":55,"label":"24","id":"ch34-p24-s1","source":"’Det första jag gjorde, sedan jag kom hem,’ fortfor det, ’var att leda in Dalälven på mitt område, och jag ställde det så, att den måste göra två präktiga fall: ett vid Söderfors och ett vid Älvkarleby.","translation":"'The first thing I did, once I came home,' it went on, 'was to lead the Dal River onto my land, and I arranged it so that it had to make two splendid falls: one at Söderfors and one at Älvkarleby.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dalälven","title":"The Dal River","body":"«Dalälven» (the Dal River) is one of Sweden's major rivers, running from Dalarna down through Uppland to the sea; «Söderfors» and «Älvkarleby» are real waterfalls and ironworking sites along its lower course."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of jag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies jag","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjorde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gjorde","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on gjorde","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"quantifies det","gloss":"went on","note":"Mistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"expletive with ’","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of leda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"leda","lemma":"leda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on ’","gloss":"to lead"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Dalälven","lemma":"Dalälv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of leda","gloss":"the Dal River","note":"Proper name of the river Dalälven."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking område","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of område","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mitt\" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."},{"surface":"område","lemma":"område","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of leda","gloss":"territory"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ställde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to gjorde","gloss":"arranged"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställde","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of göra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of göra","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of göra","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"göra","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of ställde","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies fall","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"präktiga","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fall","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of göra","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gjorde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Söderfors","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Söderfors","lemma":"Söderfors","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of ett","gloss":"Söderfors"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Söderfors","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Älvkarleby","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Älvkarleby","lemma":"Älvkarleby","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of gjorde","gloss":"Älvkarleby"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch34-p24-s2","source":"Söder om älven, vid Dannemora, lade jag ner berggrunden, som jag hade fått av Värmland, och då märkte jag, att Värmland inte hade sett riktigt efter vad det hade skänkt bort, för berggrunden bestod av den bästa järnmalm.","translation":"South of the river, at Dannemora, I laid down the bedrock I had gotten from Värmland, and then I noticed that Värmland hadn't really checked what it had given away, because the bedrock consisted of the finest iron ore.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dannemora","title":"Dannemora, famed iron mine","body":"«Dannemora» is a real village in Uppland renowned since medieval times for its exceptionally pure iron ore, historically prized for making high-quality steel — the historical fact this legend is explaining."}],"words":[{"surface":"Söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älven","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Söder","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dannemora","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Dannemora","lemma":"Dannemora","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of Söder","gloss":"Dannemora","note":"Iron mine and village."},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to Söder","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"berggrunden","lemma":"berggrunden","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"the bedrock"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on berggrunden","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Värmland","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Värmland","lemma":"Värmland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"Värmland","note":"A Swedish province."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"märkte","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Söder","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkte","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Värmland","lemma":"Värmland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"Värmland","note":"A Swedish province."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on märkte","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"riktigt","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vad","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on skänkt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skänkt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skänkt","lemma":"skänk","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of sett","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skänkt","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berggrunden","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"berggrunden","lemma":"berggrund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bestod","gloss":"bedrock"},{"surface":"bestod","lemma":"bestå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to skänkt","gloss":"consisted"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking järnmalm","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of järnmalm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies järnmalm","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"järnmalm","lemma":"järnmalm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"agent of bestod","gloss":"iron ore"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch34-p24-s3","source":"Runt omkring planterade jag skogen, som jag hade fått av Östergötland, och när det nu på ett ställe fanns både malm och kolskog och vattenkraft, så var det ju givet, att där skulle bli en rik bergslag.","translation":"All around I planted the forest I had gotten from Östergötland, and since there was now, in one spot, both ore and charcoal-timber and water power, it was of course a given that a rich mining district would arise there.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bergslag","title":"Mining district","body":"A «bergslag» is a traditional Swedish mining-and-ironworking district — an area organized around ore, charcoal from surrounding forest, and water power for the forges, exactly the combination Uppland describes assembling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies planterade","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies planterade","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"planterade","lemma":"planterad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"planted"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of planterade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive planterade","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on planterade","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Östergötland","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Östergötland","lemma":"Östergötland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"Östergötland"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"malm","lemma":"malm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"ore","note":"Common noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kolskog","lemma":"kolskog","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with malm","gloss":"charcoal timber"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vattenkraft","lemma":"vattenkraft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kolskog","gloss":"water power"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on givet","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to givet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with givet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies givet","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"givet","lemma":"given","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on fanns","gloss":"a given"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bli","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on givet","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bergslag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rik","lemma":"rik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bergslag","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"bergslag","lemma":"bergslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"a mining district"}]},{"number":58,"label":"25","id":"ch34-p25-s1","source":"Sedan jag hade fått det så bra ordnat oppe i norr, sträckte jag ut de västmanländska åsarna, och jag tänjde på dem så, att de nådde fram till Mälaren och bildade uddar och öar, som klädde sig med grönt och har blivit fagra som lustgårdar.","translation":"Once I had gotten things so nicely arranged up north, I stretched out the Västmanland ridges, and I pulled at them so that they reached all the way to Mälaren and formed headlands and islands, which clothed themselves in green and have become as fair as pleasure gardens.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sträckte","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ordnat","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"nicely"},{"surface":"ordnat","lemma":"ordna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies oppe","gloss":"arranged"},{"surface":"oppe","lemma":"oppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"up there","note":"Colloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"sträckte","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sträckte","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträckte","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of åsarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"västmanländska","lemma":"västmanländsk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies åsarna","gloss":"Västmanland"},{"surface":"åsarna","lemma":"åsarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sträckte","gloss":"the ridges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive tänjde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tänjde","lemma":"tänja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with sträckte","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänjde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänjde","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nådde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of nådde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nådde","lemma":"nådde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänjde","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nådde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mälaren","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Mälaren","lemma":"mälar","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of nådde","gloss":"Mälaren","note":"Lake Mälaren, near Stockholm."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bildade","lemma":"bilda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with nådde","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"uddar","lemma":"udd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bildade","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"öar","lemma":"öar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with uddar","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klädde","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"klädde","lemma":"kläddea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on nådde","gloss":"clothed themselves"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of klädde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grönt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"grönt","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of klädde","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with klädde","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"fagra","lemma":"fagr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking lustgårdar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lustgårdar","lemma":"lustgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"pleasure gardens"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch34-p25-s2","source":"Men fjärdarna, som Sörmland hade skänkt mig, drog jag långt inåt landet, så att det öppnades för sjöfarande och kunde komma i umgänge med världen.","translation":"But the bays that Sörmland had given me, I drew far inland, so that the land was opened to seafarers and could come into contact with the world.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fjärdarna","lemma":"fjärdare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of drog","gloss":"the bays"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of skänkt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"Sörmland","lemma":"Sörmland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of skänkt","gloss":"Sörmland","note":"A Swedish province."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skänkt","lemma":"skänk","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on fjärdarna","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of skänkt","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"drog","lemma":"dra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of drog","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drog","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"inåt","lemma":"inåt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of drog","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of öppnades","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive öppnades","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"öppnades","lemma":"öppna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on drog","gloss":"was opened"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjöfarande","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sjöfarande","lemma":"sjöfarande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of öppnades","gloss":"seafarers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with öppnades","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking umgänge","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"umgänge","lemma":"umgänge","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"contact"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":60,"label":"26","id":"ch34-p26-s1","source":"När jag hade fått allt färdigt i norr och i söder, gick jag fram till östra kusten, och nu tog jag reda på alla de kala skär och stenbackar och ljunghedar och nakna marker, som ni hade gett mig, och kastade ut dem i havet.","translation":"When I had gotten everything finished in the north and in the south, I proceeded to the eastern coast, and now I gathered up all the bare skerries and stony hills and heather-moors and naked tracts of land you had given me, and threw them out into the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on gick","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies färdigt","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"färdigt","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"coordinated with fått","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"söder","lemma":"söder","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"south"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"östra","lemma":"öster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kusten","gloss":"eastern"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"coast"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tog","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"reda","lemma":"reda","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"find out","note":"part of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skär","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skär","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skär","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"kala","lemma":"kal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skär","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"skär","lemma":"skär","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"skerry","note":"This is the noun 'skär' (skerry), mistagged as an adjective by the backbone."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stenbackar","lemma":"stenback","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with skär","gloss":"stony hills"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ljunghedar","lemma":"ljunghed","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with stenbackar","gloss":"heather moors"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nakna","lemma":"nakn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies marker","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"marker","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with skär","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of gett","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gett","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gett","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on marker","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of gett","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kastade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kastade","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch34-p26-s2","source":"Och därutav uppstod alla mina holmar och öar, som har varit mig till så stor nytta både för fiske och skeppsfart, och som jag räknar som min förnämsta egendom.","translation":"And out of that arose all my islets and islands, which have been of such great use to me both for fishing and shipping, and which I count as my finest possession.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"därutav","lemma":"därutav","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of uppstod","gloss":"out of that"},{"surface":"uppstod","lemma":"uppstå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of holmar","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"mina","lemma":"mu","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of holmar","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"holmar","lemma":"holm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of uppstod","gloss":"islets"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"öar","lemma":"öar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with holmar","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on holmar","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of varit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on varit","gloss":"of use"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies nytta","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"nytta","lemma":"nytta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of varit","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiske","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"fiske","lemma":"fiske","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with nytta","gloss":"fishing"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skeppsfart","lemma":"skeppsfart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fiske","gloss":"shipping"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on räknar","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räknar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"räknar","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with uppstod","gloss":"counts"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of egendom","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"min","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of egendom","gloss":"my","note":"possessive form min of the pronoun jag."},{"surface":"förnämsta","lemma":"förnämsta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies egendom","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"egendom","lemma":"egendom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of räknar","gloss":"estate"}]},{"number":62,"label":"27","id":"ch34-p27-s1","source":"Sedan hade jag inte mycket mer kvar av gåvorna än de där jordtorvorna, som jag hade fått av Skåne, och dem lade jag ut i mitten av området till den fruktbara Vaksalaslätten.","translation":"After that I had little more left of the gifts than those clods of earth I had gotten from Skåne, and those I laid out in the middle of the area to form the fertile Vaksala plain.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Vaksalaslätten","title":"The Vaksala plain","body":"«Vaksalaslätten» is the fertile plain around Vaksala, just east of Uppsala — one of Uppland's richest farming areas, here explained as grown from Skåne's leftover clods of earth."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hade","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gåvorna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gåvorna","lemma":"gåvorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of hade","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of de","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying gåvorna","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jordtorvorna","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"jordtorvorna","lemma":"jordtorvore","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"the clods of earth"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on jordtorvorna","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"subject of lade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"lade","lemma":"la","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"laid","note":"\"lade han märke till\" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till (\"to notice\"), not literal \"laid\"."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mitten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking området","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"området","lemma":"område","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies mitten","gloss":"territory"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vaksalaslätten","gloss":"to form"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of Vaksalaslätten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fruktbara","lemma":"fruktbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Vaksalaslätten","gloss":"fertile"},{"surface":"Vaksalaslätten","lemma":"vaksalaslätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lade","gloss":"the Vaksala plain"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch34-p27-s2","source":"Och den tröga ån, som jag hade fått av Västergötland, den ledde jag fram över slätten, för att den skulle få god förbindelse med Mälarfjärdarna.’","translation":"And the sluggish stream I had gotten from Västergötland, that I led across the plain, so that it would have a good connection with the Mälaren bays.'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"den ledde jag","title":"Fronted object, topicalization","body":"The object «den tröga ån» ('the sluggish stream') is pulled to the front of the clause and resumed by «den» just before the verb — a topicalizing word order that keeps the verb «ledde» in the required second position while foregrounding the stream as what's being discussed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tröga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tröga","lemma":"tröga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sluggish"},{"surface":"ån","lemma":"ån","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tröga","gloss":"the stream"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on ån","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Västergötland","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Västergötland","lemma":"Västergötland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"Västergötland"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ledde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ledde","lemma":"leda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to tröga","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ledde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ledde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slätten","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"slätten","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ledde","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ledde","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies förbindelse","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"förbindelse","lemma":"förbindelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"connection"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mälarfjärdarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Mälarfjärdarna","lemma":"Mälarfjärdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"Mälaren bays"}]},{"number":64,"label":"28","id":"ch34-p28-s1","source":"Nu förstod de andra landskapen hur allt hade gått till, och fastän de var smått förargade, kunde de inte låta bli att tycka, att Uppland hade ställt det väl för sig.","translation":"Now the other provinces understood how everything had come about, and although they were somewhat annoyed, they couldn't help feeling that Uppland had arranged things well for itself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstod","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"förstod","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskapen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies landskapen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of förstod","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gått","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"come about"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gått","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fastän","lemma":"fastän","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of förargade","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of förargade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to smått","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"smått","lemma":"smått","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on förargade","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"förargade","lemma":"förargad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with förstod","gloss":"annoyed"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of låta","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of låta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies låta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"låta","lemma":"låta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förstod","gloss":"to let"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of låta","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of tycka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"tycka","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bli","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ställt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of ställt","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ställt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ställt","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tycka","gloss":"put/placed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ställt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställt","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of ställt","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch34-p28-s2","source":"’Du har gjort mycket med små medel,’ sade landskapen.","translation":"'You have done a great deal with slender means,' said the provinces.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking medel","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies medel","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"medel","lemma":"medel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on medel","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"provinces"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch34-p28-s3","source":"’Du är visst den, som är klokast och duktigast av oss.’","translation":"'You are surely the one among us who is wisest and most capable.'","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to visst","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klokast","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to klokast","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"klokast","lemma":"klok","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"wisest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duktigast","lemma":"duktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with klokast","gloss":"most capable"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of klokast","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":67,"label":"29","id":"ch34-p29-s1","source":"’Tack ska ni ha för det ordet!’ sade Uppland.","translation":"'My thanks to you for that word!' said Uppland.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tack","lemma":"tack","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ha","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ha","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ordet","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"Uppland"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch34-p29-s2","source":"’När ni säger så, blir det väl jag, som får ta kungen och huvudstaden till mig.’","translation":"'Since you say so, then it must be I who gets to take the king and the capital for myself.'","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of säger","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of säger","gloss":"you","note":"second-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser."},{"surface":"säger","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blir","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies säger","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blir","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ta","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"får","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ta","gloss":"gets to"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on jag","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvudstaden","lemma":"huvudstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kungen","gloss":"capital"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ta","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":69,"label":"30","id":"ch34-p30-s1","source":"Återigen blev de andra landskapen förargade, men det, som var beslutat, måste de stå fast vid.","translation":"Again the other provinces were annoyed, but what had been decided, they had to stand by.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"var beslutat","title":"S-passive supine vs «vara» + participle","body":"«var beslutat» combines «var» ('was') with the participle «beslutat» ('decided') to form a passive of state — 'was [in a state of being] decided'. This contrasts with the dynamic s-passive «beslöts/beslutades» ('got decided'); here the emphasis is on the resulting settled fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Återigen","lemma":"Återigen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"again","note":"Actually the adverb 'Återigen', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskapen","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies landskapen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of förargade","gloss":"provinces"},{"surface":"förargade","lemma":"förarga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"annoyed"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of beslutat","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies beslutat","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"beslutat","lemma":"besluta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stå","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stå","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stå","gloss":"by"}]},{"number":70,"label":"31","id":"ch34-p31-s1","source":"Och Uppland fick kungen och huvudstaden och blev det främsta av alla landskapen.","translation":"And so Uppland got the king and the capital, and became the foremost of all the provinces.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Uppland","lemma":"Uppland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"Uppland"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"kungen","lemma":"kung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huvudstaden","lemma":"huvudstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kungen","gloss":"capital"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fick","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of främsta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"främsta","lemma":"främst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskapen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of landskapen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"landskapen","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"agent of blev","gloss":"provinces"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch34-p31-s2","source":"Och det var inte mer än rätt, för klokhet och duglighet är det, som gör tiggare till furstar än i denna dag.»","translation":"And that was only right, for it is wisdom and ability that turn beggars into princes, even to this day.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"furstar","title":"Princes, rulers","body":"«furstar» (plural of «furste») means 'princes' or 'sovereign rulers' in an elevated, old-fashioned sense — the moral punchline that closes the tale: cleverness turns beggars into princes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of mer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to mer","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rätt","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of furstar","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking klokhet","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"klokhet","lemma":"klokhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with rätt","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duglighet","lemma":"duglighet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klokhet","gloss":"ability"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to furstar","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of furstar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gör","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"gör","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"tiggare","lemma":"tigg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gör","gloss":"beggars"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tiggare","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"furstar","lemma":"furst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies furstar","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dag","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dag","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of furstar","gloss":"day"}]}]}