{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch41","title":{"source":"I Medelpad","translated":"In Medelpad"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch41","lines":108},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch40","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch42","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch41-p1-s1","source":"Örnen och pojken voro ute i god tid nästa morgon, och Gorgo tänkte nog, att han skulle hinna långt uppåt Västerbotten den dagen.","translation":"The eagle and the boy were out in good time the next morning, and Gorgo felt sure that he would get far up into Västerbotten that day.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural of «vara»","body":"«voro» is the 1906 plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'), agreeing with the plural subject «Örnen och pojken». Modern Swedish dropped this agreement entirely — today just «var» for every person and number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Örnen","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of morgon","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of voro","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Gorgo","lemma":"Gorgo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"Gorgo","note":"Proper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with voro","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hinna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hinna","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hinna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"hinna","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"to have time to"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uppåt","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hinna","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"Västerbotten","lemma":"västerbott","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hinna","gloss":"Västerbotten"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dagen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Västerbotten","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch41-p1-s2","source":"Men då bar det sig inte bättre, än att han hörde hur pojken sade för sig själv, att i ett sådant land, som det han nu for fram över, var det väl omöjligt för människor att leva.","translation":"But as luck would have it, he heard the boy say to himself that in a land like the one he was flying over now, it was surely impossible for people to live.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"då bar det sig inte bättre, än att","title":"«bära sig» idiom","body":"Literally 'then it did not carry itself better than that' — an old idiom meaning roughly 'as it happened' or 'wouldn't you know it'. It sets up bad luck: Gorgo is about to overhear something he'd rather the boy hadn't said."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"as it happened"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"ba","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried","note":"Tagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära (\"carried\"), not the present."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bar","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies bättre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase än","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bar","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of omöjligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of omöjligt","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of det","gloss":"like","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to land","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of det","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies det","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies det","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies det","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to omöjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with omöjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies omöjligt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with sade","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking människor","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of omöjligt","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of leva","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"leva","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on omöjligt","gloss":"to live"}]},{"number":3,"label":"2","id":"ch41-p2-s1","source":"Landet, som låg under dem, var södra Medelpad, och där fanns rakt ingenting annat än ödsliga skogar.","translation":"The land that lay beneath them was southern Medelpad, and there was nothing there at all but desolate forests.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Medelpad","title":"Medelpad","body":"One of Sweden's historical provinces («landskap»), on the Gulf of Bothnia coast in Norrland. Its river valleys and vast pine and spruce forests fed the 19th-century sawmill boom this chapter follows downstream to Sundsvall."}],"words":[{"surface":"Landet","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Landet","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Medelpad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"södra","lemma":"södra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies Medelpad","gloss":"southern"},{"surface":"Medelpad","lemma":"Medelpad","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"in apposition to Landet","gloss":"Medelpad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ingenting","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ingenting","lemma":"ingenting","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking skogar","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ödsliga","lemma":"ödslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skogar","gloss":"desolate"},{"surface":"skogar","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"forests"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch41-p2-s2","source":"Men när örnen hörde pojkens ord, ropade han genast: »Häroppe har de skogen till åker.»","translation":"But when the eagle heard the boy's words, he called out at once: »Up here they have the forest for a field.»","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"åker","title":"«åker» = tilled field","body":"An «åker» is cropland, a plowed field — normally rye or grain. Gorgo's line opens the chapter's controlling metaphor: he will keep calling the forest, its felling, its transport, and its sawmills by farming words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ropade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"pojkens","lemma":"pojk","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of ord","gloss":"boy's"},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Häroppe","lemma":"Häroppe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of har","gloss":"up here","note":"Adverb 'up here'; mistagged as proper noun."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of skogen","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on har","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"åker","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"field","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested."}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"ch41-p3-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på vad det var för en skillnad mellan de ljusa, gula rågåkrarna med sina veka strån, som sköto upp på en sommar, och den mörka barrskogen med de fasta stammarna, som behövde åratal för att mogna till skörd.","translation":"The boy thought about what a difference there was between the bright, golden rye fields with their slender stalks, which shot up in a single summer, and the dark evergreen forest with its solid trunks, which needed years to ripen into a harvest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skillnad","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of skillnad","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skillnad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skillnad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skillnad","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skillnad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skillnad","lemma":"skillnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rågåkrarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rågåkrarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"ljusa","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rågåkrarna","gloss":"pale/light"},{"surface":"gula","lemma":"gul","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with ljusa","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"rågåkrarna","lemma":"rågåkrarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies skillnad","gloss":"the rye fields"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strån","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of veka","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"veka","lemma":"veka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies strån","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"strån","lemma":"strå","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies rågåkrarna","gloss":"stalks"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sköto","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sköto","lemma":"sköto","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on strån","gloss":"shot up","note":"Actually the past-plural of 'skjuta' (to shoot/push); mistagged as a supine."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sköto","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sommar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sommar","lemma":"sommar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sköto","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of barrskogen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mörka","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies barrskogen","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"barrskogen","lemma":"barrskog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"conifer forest"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stammarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stammarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fasta","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stammarna","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"stammarna","lemma":"stammarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies barrskogen","gloss":"the trunks"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of behövde","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"behövde","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on barrskogen","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"åratal","lemma":"åratal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of behövde","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mogna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of mogna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"mogna","lemma":"mogna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on behövde","gloss":"ripen"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skörd","gloss":"into a harvest"},{"surface":"skörd","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mogna","gloss":"harvest"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch41-p3-s2","source":"»Det vill gott tålamod till för den, som ska få sin bärgning från en sådan här åker,» sade han.","translation":"»It takes a good deal of patience for whoever is to get his harvest in from a field like this one,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bärgning","title":"«bärgning» = getting in the harvest","body":"«bärgning» is the act of bringing a harvest safely home — rescuing the crop from the field before weather ruins it. Applied to a forest, it casts logging as a slow, decades-long version of the same farm task."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tålamod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tålamod","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"gott","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tålamod","gloss":"a good deal"},{"surface":"tålamod","lemma":"tålamod","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"patience"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tålamod","gloss":"required"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tålamod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of få","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"earn a living"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of bärgning","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bärgning","lemma":"bärgning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking här","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of här","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies här","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies få","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"åker","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tålamod","gloss":"field","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to tålamod","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":7,"label":"4","id":"ch41-p4-s1","source":"Mer blev det inte sagt, förrän de kommo till en plats, där skogen var avverkad, så att marken var täckt bara av stubbar och avhuggna riskvistar.","translation":"No more was said until they came to a place where the forest had been felled, so that the ground was covered with nothing but stumps and cut-off brush twigs.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommo","title":"Archaic plural of «komma»","body":"«kommo» is the 1906 plural preterite of «komma» ('to come'). This chapter is thick with these old plural forms — «foro», «fingo», «drogo», «sågo» — all later leveled to the singular form in modern Swedish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blev","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sagt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"said","note":"Really the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plats","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of plats","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avverkad","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive avverkad","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to avverkad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"avverkad","lemma":"avverka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on plats","gloss":"felled"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of täckt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of täckt","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to täckt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"täckt","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies täckt","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riskvistar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stubbar","lemma":"stubb","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies riskvistar","gloss":"stumps"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"avhuggna","lemma":"avhuggen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stubbar","gloss":"cut-off"},{"surface":"riskvistar","lemma":"riskvist","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of täckt","gloss":"brush twigs"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch41-p4-s2","source":"När de foro fram över stubbmarken, hörde örnen, att pojken sade för sig själv, att detta var en bra ful och fattig plats.","translation":"As they flew on over the stump-covered ground, the eagle heard the boy say to himself that this was a rather ugly and poor place.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking foro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stubbmarken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"stubbmarken","lemma":"stubbmarke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the stump-covered ground"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of plats","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of plats","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to plats","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of plats","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ful","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"ful","lemma":"ful","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies plats","gloss":"ugly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fattig","lemma":"fattig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ful","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of hörde","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":9,"label":"5","id":"ch41-p5-s1","source":"»Det är en åker, som blev avmejad förra vintern,» ropade örnen genast.","translation":"»That is a field that was mown last winter,» the eagle called out at once.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"avmejad","title":"«meja av» = to mow down","body":"«meja» is to mow, as with a scythe or reaping machine; «avmejad» is the past participle, 'mown down'. Gorgo names the winter logging a mowing — the felled stumps are his harvested field."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of åker","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to åker","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of åker","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"åker","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"field","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on åker","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"avmejad","lemma":"avmejad","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"depends on blev","gloss":"mown"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies vintern","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"vintern","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to åker","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":10,"label":"6","id":"ch41-p6-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på hur skördemännen i hans trakt foro ut på sina skördemaskiner i de vackra, ljusa sommarmornarna och på kort tid mejade av ett stort fält.","translation":"The boy thought about how the harvesters in his own district drove out on their reaping machines in the beautiful, bright summer mornings and in a short time mowed down a whole large field.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foro","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"skördemännen","lemma":"skördemänn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of foro","gloss":"the harvesters"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trakt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of trakt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"trakt","lemma":"trakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skördemännen","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara (\"went/traveled\")."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skördemaskiner","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of skördemaskiner","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"skördemaskiner","lemma":"skördemaskin","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"reaping machines"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommarmornarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vackra","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vackra","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sommarmornarna","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ljusa","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sommarmornarna","gloss":"pale/light"},{"surface":"sommarmornarna","lemma":"sommarmornarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"the summer mornings"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"kort","lemma":"kort","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mejade","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"mejade","lemma":"meja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"reaped"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fält","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of fält","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fält","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"fält","lemma":"fält","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of mejade","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch41-p6-s2","source":"Men skogsåkern skördades under vintern.","translation":"But the forest-field was harvested in winter.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"skogsåkern","title":"«skogsåker» = 'forest-field'","body":"A compound Lagerlöf coins for this chapter: «skog» ('forest') + «åker» ('field'). It names, in one word, the whole conceit that logging is a kind of farming — just on a much longer season."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"skogsåkern","lemma":"skogsåker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive skördades","gloss":"forest field"},{"surface":"skördades","lemma":"skörda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was harvested"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vintern","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vintern","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skördades","gloss":"winter"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch41-p6-s3","source":"Timmerhuggarna drogo ut i vildmarken, där snön låg hög och kölden var som strängast.","translation":"The timber-cutters went out into the wilderness, where the snow lay deep and the cold was at its harshest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"drogo","title":"Archaic plural of «draga»","body":"«drogo» is the 1906 plural preterite of «draga»/«dra» ('to go, draw'), agreeing with the plural «Timmerhuggarna». Register marker, not meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Timmerhuggarna","lemma":"Timmerhuggarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies drogo","gloss":"the timber-cutters"},{"surface":"drogo","lemma":"drogo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"subject of strängast","gloss":"drew/set off","note":"Archaic plural past of dra(ga) ('drew, moved along')."},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drogo","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildmarken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"vildmarken","lemma":"vildmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of drogo","gloss":"wilderness"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"snön","lemma":"snö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vildmarken","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"pile"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kölden","lemma":"köld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to strängast","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of strängast","gloss":"at its harshest"},{"surface":"strängast","lemma":"strängast","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"harshest"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch41-p6-s4","source":"Det var ett drygt arbete bara att fälla ett enda träd, och för att avverka en skogslott, så stor som denna, hade de väl måst ligga ute i skogen i flera veckor.","translation":"It was hard work just to fell a single tree, and to clear a stretch of forest as large as this one, they must surely have had to camp out in the woods for several weeks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with arbete","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to arbete","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of arbete","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"drygt","lemma":"dryg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies arbete","gloss":"considerable","note":"'ett drygt arbete' = a considerable, hard task."},{"surface":"arbete","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fälla","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fälla","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fälla","lemma":"fälla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying arbete","gloss":"to fell","note":"The first example ('blivit fångad i en fälla' = 'caught in a trap') uses the unrelated noun 'fälla' (a trap), not the infinitive of the verb fälla ('to fell'); the other three examples are genuinely the verb. Flagged contextDependent since the single default gloss 'to fell' misrenders that example."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of träd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fälla","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of avverka","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of avverka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"avverka","lemma":"avverka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with fälla","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogslott","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skogslott","lemma":"skogslott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of avverka","gloss":"stretch of forest"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with avverka","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking denna","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on stor","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"måst","lemma":"måst","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with arbete","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"ute","lemma":"ute","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligga","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking veckor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies veckor","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"veckor","lemma":"vecka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ligga","gloss":"weeks"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch41-p6-s5","source":"»Det måste vara duktigt folk, som kan meja av en sådan här åker,» sade han.","translation":"»They must be capable people, who can mow down a field like this one,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with folk","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of folk","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to folk","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"duktigt","lemma":"duktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"considerable","note":"In all four examples duktig(t) is an intensifier meaning 'considerable/hearty/thorough' (duktigt tilltagen = 'built on a grand scale'; ett duktigt blåsväder = 'a good hard blow of wind'; ett duktigt arbete = 'a good day's work'), not the 'skilled/capable (of a person)' sense the glosser used."},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of åker","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of åker","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"meja","lemma":"meja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of åker","gloss":"mow down"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking här","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of här","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies här","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meja","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"åker","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on folk","gloss":"field","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to folk","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":15,"label":"7","id":"ch41-p7-s1","source":"När örnen hade gjort ett par vingslag, fingo de syn på en liten koja, som låg i kanten av stubbmarken.","translation":"When the eagle had made a couple of wingbeats, they caught sight of a small hut that lay at the edge of the stump-covered ground.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fingo","title":"Archaic plural of «få»","body":"«fingo» is the 1906 plural preterite of «få» ('to get'); here in the idiom «få syn på», 'to catch sight of'. Same pattern as «kommo», «drogo», «foro» elsewhere in the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gjort","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies vingslag","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"vingslag","lemma":"vingslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"wingbeats"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with vingslag","gloss":"caught sight","note":"past plural of få ('to get'); mistagged as imperative."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of syn","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koja","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of koja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies koja","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"koja","lemma":"koja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gjort","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with koja","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kanten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"kanten","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stubbmarken","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"stubbmarken","lemma":"stubbmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kanten","gloss":"the stump-covered ground"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch41-p7-s2","source":"Den var uppförd av grova, obarkade stockar, var utan fönster och hade bara ett par lösa bräder till dörr.","translation":"It was built of coarse, unbarked logs, was without windows, and had only a couple of loose boards for a door.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of uppförd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to uppförd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"uppförd","lemma":"uppföra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"built","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; surface 'uppförd' is the past participle of uppföra (to build/erect)."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grova","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"grova","lemma":"grova","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"agent of uppförd","gloss":"coarse"},{"surface":"obarkade","lemma":"obarkad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stockar","gloss":"unbarked"},{"surface":"stockar","lemma":"stock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with grova","gloss":"logs"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies grova","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fönster","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"fönster","lemma":"fönster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"windows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with grova","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies lösa","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"lösa","lemma":"lösa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bräder","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"bräder","lemma":"bräda","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"boards"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dörr","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dörr","lemma":"dörr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"door"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch41-p7-s3","source":"Taket hade varit täckt med bark och kvistar, men det var nu sönderfallet, så att pojken kunde se, att inne i kojan funnos endast några stora stenar, som hade tjänat till eldstad, och ett par breda träbänkar.","translation":"The roof had once been covered with bark and twigs, but it had now fallen apart, so that the boy could see that inside the hut there were only a few large stones that had served as a hearth, and a couple of wide wooden benches.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"funnos","title":"Archaic plural of «finnas»","body":"«finnas» ('to exist, be found') is itself an s-form verb — deponent, no non-s counterpart. «funnos» is its 1906 plural preterite, agreeing with the plural «stenar» and «bänkar»; modern Swedish uses «fanns» regardless of number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Taket","lemma":"Taket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of täckt","gloss":"the roof"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of täckt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to täckt","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"täckt","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bark","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bark","lemma":"bark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of täckt","gloss":"bark"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kvistar","lemma":"kvist","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with bark","gloss":"twigs"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sönderfallet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sönderfallet","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sönderfallet","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sönderfallet","lemma":"sönderfall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with täckt","gloss":"fallen apart"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on täckt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of funnos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kojan","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"kojan","lemma":"koja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of funnos","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"there were","note":"Old plural past tense of 'finnas', existential 'there were/existed'."},{"surface":"endast","lemma":"endast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stenar","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stenar","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenar","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"stenar","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of funnos","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tjänat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tjänat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tjänat","lemma":"tjäna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on stenar","gloss":"served as"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eldstad","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"eldstad","lemma":"eldstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tjänat","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies träbänkar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"breda","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies träbänkar","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"träbänkar","lemma":"träbänk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with funnos","gloss":"wooden benches"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch41-p7-s4","source":"När de foro fram över kojan, hörde örnen, att pojken undrade vem som kunde ha bott i en så eländig stuga.","translation":"As they flew on over the hut, the eagle heard the boy wonder who could have lived in such a wretched cabin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking foro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kojan","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"kojan","lemma":"kojan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"hut","note":"The studio translation renders the same doghouse as \"hut\" (ch03-p68) and as \"kennel\" (ch33-p63, ch33-p65); match whichever the passage uses."},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of undrade","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bott","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bott","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of bott","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"bott","lemma":"bott","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on vem","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stuga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stuga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eländig","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"eländig","lemma":"eländig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stuga","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"stuga","lemma":"stuga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bott","gloss":"cottage"}]},{"number":19,"label":"8","id":"ch41-p8-s1","source":"»Skördemännen, som har mejat skogsåkern, har bott här,» ropade örnen genast.","translation":"»The harvesters who have mowed the forest-field have lived here,» the eagle called out at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skördemännen","lemma":"skördemänn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bott","gloss":"the harvesters"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of har","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Skördemännen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"mejat","lemma":"mejat","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"mowed"},{"surface":"skogsåkern","lemma":"skogsåker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"forest field"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bott","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"bott","lemma":"bott","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bott","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with bott","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ropade","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":20,"label":"9","id":"ch41-p9-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på hur skördefolket hemma i hans trakt vände tillbaka glatt och muntert från arbetet och hur det bästa, som mor hade i visthuset, bullades upp för dem.","translation":"The boy thought about how the harvest folk back home in his district returned from work happy and cheerful, and how the best that mother kept in the pantry was heaped up for them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bullades upp","title":"Particle verb + s-passive","body":"«bulla upp» is a particle verb meaning 'to pile up (food), serve generously'; «bullades» adds the «-s» passive ending, giving 'was heaped up' with no named agent — the food simply appeared, generously."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of skördefolket","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skördefolket","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"skördefolket","lemma":"skördefolket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"the harvest folk"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skördefolket","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trakt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of trakt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"trakt","lemma":"trakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skördefolket","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"glatt","lemma":"glatt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"muntert","lemma":"muntert","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with glatt","gloss":"cheerful","note":"ch40-p21-s1 and ch45-p2-s6 use it adverbially (\"said... cheerfully\"); ch41-p9-s1 and ch44-p3-s6 use it predicatively (\"were... cheerful\")."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetet","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"arbetet","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies muntert","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bästa","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of bästa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"coordinated with glatt","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mor","lemma":"mor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bästa","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visthuset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"visthuset","lemma":"visthus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the pantry"},{"surface":"bullades","lemma":"bulla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"was heaped up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bullades","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of bullades","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch41-p9-s2","source":"Här skulle de efter det stränga arbetet gå till vila på hårda bänkar i en koja, som var sämre än ett uthus.","translation":"Here, after the hard work, they would have to go to rest on hard benches in a hut that was worse than an outhouse.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulle","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"would have to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gå","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetet","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of arbetet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stränga","lemma":"sträng","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies arbetet","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"arbetet","lemma":"arbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vila","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bänkar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hårda","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bänkar","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"bänkar","lemma":"bänk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"benches"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koja","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of koja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"koja","lemma":"koja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bänkar","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sämre","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies sämre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sämre","lemma":"dålig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"relative clause on bänkar","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uthus","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of uthus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uthus","lemma":"uthus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sämre","gloss":"outhouse"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch41-p9-s3","source":"Och vad de fingo att äta, det kunde han rakt inte begripa.","translation":"And what they got to eat, that he simply could not fathom.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fingo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fingo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"fingo","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on begripa","gloss":"got","note":"Mistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få (\"got/were given\")."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fingo","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on begripa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch41-p9-s4","source":"»Jag är rädd för att det inte hålles några skördegillen för de här arbetarna,» sade han.","translation":"»I'm afraid there are no harvest-feasts held for these workers,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"skördegille","title":"«skördegille» = harvest feast","body":"A «gille» is a guild or festive gathering; a «skördegille» is the traditional celebration thrown once a farm's harvest is safely in. The boy misses that the loggers, unlike his own community's harvesters, seem to get none."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hålles","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hålles","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hålles","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hålles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hålles","lemma":"hålle","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on rädd","gloss":"are held"},{"surface":"några","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skördegillen","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"skördegillen","lemma":"skördegill","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hålles","gloss":"harvest feasts"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetarna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of arbetarna","gloss":"these","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"arbetarna","lemma":"arbetare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hålles","gloss":"workers"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to rädd","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":24,"label":"10","id":"ch41-p10-s1","source":"Litet längre fram sågo de under sig en förfärligt usel väg, som slingrade genom skogen.","translation":"A little further on they saw below them a dreadfully wretched road that wound through the forest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Litet","lemma":"Liten","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Litet","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of väg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies usel","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"usel","lemma":"usel","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of slingrade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"slingrade","lemma":"slingra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on väg","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slingrade","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch41-p10-s2","source":"Den var smal och sned, backig och krokig, stenig och gropig och sönderskuren av bäckar på flera ställen.","translation":"It was narrow and crooked, hilly and winding, stony and rutted, and cut through by streams in several places.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smal","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to smal","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"smal","lemma":"smal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sned","lemma":"sned","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with smal","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"backig","lemma":"backig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with smal","gloss":"hilly"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"krokig","lemma":"krokig","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with smal","gloss":"winding"},{"surface":"stenig","lemma":"stenig","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with krokig","gloss":"stony"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gropig","lemma":"gropig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with krokig","gloss":"rutted"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sönderskuren","lemma":"sönderskur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with smal","gloss":"cut through"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bäckar","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"bäckar","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies sönderskuren","gloss":"brooks"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies bäckar","gloss":"places"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch41-p10-s3","source":"När de foro fram över skogsvägen, hörde örnen, att pojken undrade vad som hade fraktats på en sådan väg.","translation":"As they flew on over the forest road, the eagle heard the boy wonder what could have been hauled along such a road.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking foro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsvägen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"skogsvägen","lemma":"skogsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"forest road"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of undrade","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive fraktats","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fraktats","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fraktats","lemma":"frakta","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"been hauled"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väg","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of väg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies väg","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fraktats","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":27,"label":"11","id":"ch41-p11-s1","source":"»Det är på den här vägen, som skörden har förts till stacken,» sade örnen.","translation":"»It is along this road that the harvest has been carried to the stack,» said the eagle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vägen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vägen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive förts","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skörden","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive förts","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förts","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"förts","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"relative clause on vägen","gloss":"been carried"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stacken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"stacken","lemma":"stack","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förts","gloss":"the stack"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to vägen","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":28,"label":"12","id":"ch41-p12-s1","source":"Återigen tänkte pojken på vilket lustigt liv det var därhemma, när de stora skördevagnarna, förspända med två starka hästar, drogo säden bort från åkern.","translation":"Again the boy thought of what a merry life it was back home, when the great harvest wagons, drawn by two strong horses, hauled the grain away from the field.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Återigen","lemma":"Återigen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"again","note":"Actually the adverb 'Återigen', mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liv","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vilket","lemma":"vilken","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of liv","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lustigt","lemma":"lustig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"amusing"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tänkte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to därhemma","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"därhemma","lemma":"därhemma","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of tänkte","gloss":"back home"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies förspända","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skördevagnarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skördevagnarna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skördevagnarna","lemma":"skördevagn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"part of the phrase när","gloss":"the harvest wagons"},{"surface":"förspända","lemma":"förspända","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on därhemma","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hästar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies hästar","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"starka","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hästar","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"hästar","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of förspända","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"drogo","lemma":"drogo","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies säden","gloss":"hauled","note":"past plural of dra used intransitively ('moved, traveled'); mistagged as pronoun."},{"surface":"säden","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of förspända","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förspända","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkern","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"åkern","lemma":"åker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of förspända","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch41-p12-s2","source":"Karlen, som körde, satt stolt högst på lasset, hästarna yvdes och kråmade sig, och bybarnen, som hade fått lov att klättra upp på kärvarna, sutto där och skreko och skrattade, halvt glada och halvt förfärade.","translation":"The man who was driving sat proudly on top of the load, the horses pranced and showed off, and the village children, who had been given leave to climb up on the sheaves, sat there shouting and laughing, half delighted and half frightened.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sutto","title":"Archaic plural of «sitta»","body":"«sutto» is the 1906 plural preterite of «sitta» ('to sit'), agreeing with the plural «bybarnen». Same leveling as elsewhere — modern Swedish uses «satt» for all numbers."}],"words":[{"surface":"Karlen","lemma":"Karlen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of körde","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"körde","lemma":"köra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Karlen","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"stolt","lemma":"stolt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of satt","gloss":"proud","note":"Functions as adjective 'proud' in all examples, despite the noun tag."},{"surface":"högst","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"on top","note":"this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lasset","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"lasset","lemma":"lass","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"load"},{"surface":"hästarna","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive yvdes","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"yvdes","lemma":"yvdes","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"pranced"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kråmade","lemma":"kråma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"showed off"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kråmade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bybarnen","lemma":"bybarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"the village children"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on bybarnen","gloss":"been given"},{"surface":"lov","lemma":"lov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"given leave"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of klättra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"klättra","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on klättra","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kärvarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"kärvarna","lemma":"kärv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of klättra","gloss":"the sheaves"},{"surface":"sutto","lemma":"sutto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"sat","note":"Old plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sutto","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skreko","lemma":"skreko","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with där","gloss":"shrieked","note":"Backbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with där","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"halvt","lemma":"halv","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glada","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with där","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"halvt","lemma":"halv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies förfärade","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"förfärade","lemma":"förfärad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with där","gloss":"frightened"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch41-p12-s3","source":"Men här fraktades tunga stockar utför och uppför stupande branter.","translation":"But here heavy logs were hauled down and up steep, plunging slopes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fraktades","title":"«-s» passive","body":"«fraktades» adds the «-s» ending to «frakta» ('to haul, transport') to form the passive 'were hauled', with no agent named — one of Swedish's two passive forms, alongside «bli/vara + participle»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fraktades","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"fraktades","lemma":"fraktaa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were hauled"},{"surface":"tunga","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stockar","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"stockar","lemma":"stock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fraktades","gloss":"logs"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on stockar","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with utför","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"stupande","lemma":"stupa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies branter","gloss":"plunging"},{"surface":"branter","lemma":"brant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of utför","gloss":"steep slopes"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch41-p12-s4","source":"Hästen måtte bli som sönderdragen, körkarlen skulle väl mången gång känna sig förtvivlad.","translation":"The horse must have been all but torn apart, and the driver surely felt himself in despair many a time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hästen","lemma":"häst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Hästen","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sönderdragen","gloss":"all but"},{"surface":"sönderdragen","lemma":"sönderdragen","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"torn apart"},{"surface":"körkarlen","lemma":"körkarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of känna","gloss":"the driver"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of känna","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"mången","lemma":"mång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gång","gloss":"many a (one)","note":"surface mången, an archaic indefinite pronoun/adjective, not a noun."},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of känna","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to bli","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of känna","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"förtvivlad","lemma":"förtvivlad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of känna","gloss":"despairing"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch41-p12-s5","source":"»Jag är rädd för att det inte har hörts mycken gamman utmed den här vägen,» sade pojken.","translation":"»I'm afraid there hasn't been much merriment heard along this road,» said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gamman","title":"«gamman» = merriment","body":"An old, literary word for joy or festive cheer, mostly gone from everyday modern Swedish outside set phrases and folk song. It sets the road's grim silence against the shouting, laughing harvest wagons of the previous sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rädd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to rädd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"rädd","lemma":"rädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hörts","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörts","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hörts","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies hörts","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hörts","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"hörts","lemma":"hörts","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"adverbial clause on rädd","gloss":"been heard"},{"surface":"mycken","lemma":"mycken","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörts","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"gamman","lemma":"gamman","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörts","gloss":"merriment","note":"A literary or archaic noun meaning joy or merriment."},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörts","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to rädd","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":33,"label":"13","id":"ch41-p13-s1","source":"Örnen svingade sig framåt med väldiga vingslag, och om en liten stund kommo de till en älvstrand.","translation":"The eagle swung himself forward with mighty wingbeats, and after a little while they came to a riverbank.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svingade","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"svingade","lemma":"svinga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of svingade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svingade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingslag","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"väldiga","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vingslag","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"vingslag","lemma":"vingslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of svingade","gloss":"wingbeats"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with svingade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älvstrand","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älvstrand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"älvstrand","lemma":"älvstrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"riverbank"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch41-p13-s2","source":"Här sågo de en plats, som var alldeles betäckt med spånor, stickor och bark.","translation":"Here they saw a spot that was entirely covered with wood shavings, chips, and bark.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of plats","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of betäckt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to betäckt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betäckt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"betäckt","lemma":"betäcka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on plats","gloss":"covered","note":"Past participle 'betäckt' (covered), mistagged as base adjective."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spånor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"spånor","lemma":"spåna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of betäckt","gloss":"wood shavings"},{"surface":"stickor","lemma":"sticka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with spånor","gloss":"chips"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bark","lemma":"bark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with spånor","gloss":"bark"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch41-p13-s3","source":"Örnen hörde, att pojken undrade varför det såg så skräpigt ut därnere.","translation":"The eagle heard the boy wonder why it looked so littered down there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hörde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on undrade","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"skräpigt","lemma":"skräpig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"littered"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"därnere","lemma":"därnere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"down there"}]},{"number":36,"label":"14","id":"ch41-p14-s1","source":"»Det är här, som skörden har varit stackad,» ropade örnen.","translation":"»It is here that the harvest has been stacked,» the eagle called out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with här","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to här","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of stackad","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skörden","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stackad","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stackad","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to stackad","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"stackad","lemma":"stacka","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on här","gloss":"stacked"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stackad","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":37,"label":"15","id":"ch41-p15-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på hur sädesstackarna i hans trakt lades upp tätt vid gårdarna, som om de vore deras bästa prydnad.","translation":"The boy thought about how the grain-stacks in his district were set up close by the farmhouses, as if they were their finest ornament.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lades","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lades","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"sädesstackarna","lemma":"sädesstack","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive lades","gloss":"the grain stacks"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trakt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of trakt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"trakt","lemma":"trakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sädesstackarna","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"lades","lemma":"lades","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"was laid"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lades","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lades","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdarna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lades","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of prydnad","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prydnad","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of prydnad","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to prydnad","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of prydnad","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies prydnad","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"prydnad","lemma":"prydnad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying gårdarna","gloss":"ornament"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch41-p15-s2","source":"Här kördes skörden ner till en ödslig älvstrand och lämnades där.","translation":"Here the harvest was hauled down to a desolate riverbank and left there.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kördes","title":"«-s» passive","body":"«kördes» = «körde» ('drove, hauled') plus the «-s» passive ending: 'was hauled', agentless. This chapter uses the «-s» passive heavily for the impersonal machinery of logging — things get done to the timber, by no one in particular."}],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kördes","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"kördes","lemma":"kör","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was hauled"},{"surface":"skörden","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive kördes","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kördes","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älvstrand","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älvstrand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ödslig","lemma":"ödslig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies älvstrand","gloss":"desolate"},{"surface":"älvstrand","lemma":"älvstrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"riverbank"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lämnades","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with kördes","gloss":"was left"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lämnades","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch41-p15-s3","source":"»Jag undrar om någon går hit bort i ödemarken, räknar sina stackar och jämför dem med grannens,» sade han.","translation":"»I wonder if anyone comes out here into the wilderness, counts his stacks, and compares them with his neighbor's,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"undrar","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on räknar","gloss":"wonders"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of går","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of går","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on undrar","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"hit","lemma":"hit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies går","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ödemarken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ödemarken","lemma":"ödemark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bort","gloss":"wilderness"},{"surface":"räknar","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counts"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of stackar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"stackar","lemma":"stack","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of räknar","gloss":"stacks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jämför","lemma":"jämföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with räknar","gloss":"compares"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of jämför","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grannens","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"grannens","lemma":"granne","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of jämför","gloss":"neighbor's"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with räknar","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":40,"label":"16","id":"ch41-p16-s1","source":"En liten stund därefter hunno de fram till den stora älven Ljungan, som flöt fram i en bred dalgång.","translation":"A little while later they reached the great river Ljungan, which flowed through a broad valley.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ljungan","title":"The river Ljungan","body":"A real river running through Medelpad to the Gulf of Bothnia at Sundsvall; in Lagerlöf's day it was a major log-floating route, which is exactly the journey the boy and Gorgo now follow downstream."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hunno","title":"Archaic plural of «hinna»","body":"«hunno» is the 1906 plural preterite of «hinna» ('to reach, make it in time'), agreeing with the plural «de». Modern Swedish uses «hann» for every number."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of de","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"därefter","lemma":"därefter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hunno","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"hunno","lemma":"hunno","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with stund","gloss":"managed to","note":"Mistagged as adverb; it is the archaic plural past tense of 'hinna' (to have time to/manage to)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies de","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ljungan","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies älven","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Ljungan","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"Ljungan","lemma":"Ljungan","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"Ljungan"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flöt","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"flöt","lemma":"flöt","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Ljungan","gloss":"flowed","note":"past tense of flyta ('to flow/float'); also 'floated'."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flöt","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalgång","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dalgång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dalgång","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"dalgång","lemma":"dalgång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flöt","gloss":"valley"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch41-p16-s2","source":"Genast var allt så förändrat, att de kunde tro sig vara komna till ett annat land.","translation":"At once everything was so changed that they could believe themselves to have come to another country.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förändrat","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to förändrat","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förändrat","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förändrat","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"förändrat","lemma":"förändra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on förändrat","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of tro","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to komna","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"komna","lemma":"komna","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of tro","gloss":"arrived","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'komna' is the past participle plural of 'komma' (to come, arrive)."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase ett","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of komna","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch41-p16-s3","source":"Den mörka barrskogen hade stannat på branterna ovanför dalen, och sluttningarna voro klädda med ljusstammiga björkar och aspar.","translation":"The dark evergreen forest had stayed behind on the slopes above the valley, and the hillsides were clothed with pale-trunked birches and aspens.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of barrskogen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mörka","lemma":"mörk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies barrskogen","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"barrskogen","lemma":"barrskog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stannat","gloss":"conifer forest"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stannat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stannat","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking branterna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"branterna","lemma":"brant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stannat","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"ovanför","lemma":"ovanför","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies branterna","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sluttningarna","lemma":"sluttning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with branterna","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on klädda","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"klädda","lemma":"klädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stannat","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking björkar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ljusstammiga","lemma":"ljusstammig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies björkar","gloss":"pale-trunked"},{"surface":"björkar","lemma":"björka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of klädda","gloss":"birches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aspar","lemma":"asp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with björkar","gloss":"aspens"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch41-p16-s4","source":"Dalen var så bred, att älven på många ställen kunde vidga ut sig till sjöar.","translation":"The valley was so broad that the river, in many places, could widen out into lakes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bred","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bred","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bred","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vidga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vidga","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies älven","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vidga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vidga","lemma":"vidga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on bred","gloss":"widen"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vidga","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vidga","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjöar","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sjöar","lemma":"sjö","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of vidga","gloss":"lakes"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch41-p16-s5","source":"På stränderna låg en stor, rik bygd med präktiga och väl upptimrade gårdar.","translation":"Along the banks lay a large, rich countryside with splendid, well-built farms.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bygd","title":"«bygd» = settled countryside","body":"«bygd» names a settled rural district — farmed, populated land — as distinct from «vildmark» (wilderness) or «ödemark» (wasteland), both used elsewhere in this chapter. The river valley is a «bygd»; the logging roads and floating grounds behind it are not."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stränderna","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"stränderna","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bygd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bygd","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"rik","lemma":"rik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"bygd","lemma":"bygd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"settlement"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"präktiga","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdar","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies upptimrade","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"upptimrade","lemma":"upptimra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with präktiga","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"gårdar","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"farms"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch41-p16-s6","source":"När de foro fram över dalen, hörde örnen, att pojken undrade över att de ängar och åkrar, som funnos där, kunde räcka till för en så stor befolkning.","translation":"As they flew on over the valley, the eagle heard the boy wonder how the meadows and fields that were there could possibly suffice for so large a population.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking foro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on undrade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase över","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ängar","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"ängar","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"åkrar","lemma":"åkra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ängar","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of funnos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"relative clause on ängar","gloss":"there were","note":"this is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies räcka","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of räcka","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"räcka","lemma":"räcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on funnos","gloss":"suffice"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on räcka","gloss":"suffice"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking befolkning","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of befolkning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies befolkning","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"befolkning","lemma":"befolkning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of räcka","gloss":"population"}]},{"number":46,"label":"17","id":"ch41-p17-s1","source":"»Här bor skördefolket, som mejar av skogsåkern,» ropade örnen.","translation":"»Here live the harvest folk who mow down the forest-field,» the eagle called out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bor","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bor","lemma":"bo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"skördefolket","lemma":"skördefolket","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bor","gloss":"the harvest folk"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mejar","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"mejar","lemma":"meja","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bor","gloss":"mow down"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsåkern","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"skogsåkern","lemma":"skogsåker","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mejar","gloss":"forest field"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to bor","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":47,"label":"18","id":"ch41-p18-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på de låga stugorna och de kringbyggda gårdarna i Skåne.","translation":"The boy thought of the low cottages and the enclosed farmyards of Skåne.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Skåne","title":"Skåne","body":"Sweden's southernmost province, the boy's home region and the book's starting point. Its flat farmland and enclosed courtyard farms give him a constant point of comparison as he travels north."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stugorna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of stugorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"låga","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stugorna","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"stugorna","lemma":"stugorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"the cottages"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gårdarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"kringbyggda","lemma":"kringbyggd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"built around a courtyard"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with stugorna","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies gårdarna","gloss":"Skåne"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch41-p18-s2","source":"Här bodde bönderna i riktiga herrgårdshus.","translation":"Here the farmers lived in veritable manor houses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bodde","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bodde","lemma":"boda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of bodde","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking herrgårdshus","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"riktiga","lemma":"riktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies herrgårdshus","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"herrgårdshus","lemma":"herrgårdshus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of bodde","gloss":"manor houses"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch41-p18-s3","source":"»Det ser ut, som om det skulle löna sig att arbeta i skogen,» sade han.","translation":"»It looks as though it must pay to work in the forest,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ser","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of löna","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of löna","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with löna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of löna","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"löna","lemma":"löna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ser","gloss":"pay"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of löna","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of arbeta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"arbeta","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on löna","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of arbeta","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to ser","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":50,"label":"19","id":"ch41-p19-s1","source":"Örnen hade ämnat fara rakt mot norr, men när han kom ett stycke ut över älven, hörde han hur pojken undrade vem som tog hand om timret, sedan det hade blivit upplagt vid älvbrädden.","translation":"The eagle had intended to fly straight north, but when he had gone some distance out over the river, he heard the boy wondering who took care of the timber once it had been piled up at the riverbank.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ämnat","lemma":"ämnad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies fara","gloss":"had intended"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies norr","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norr","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"norr","lemma":"norr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"north"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älven","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies undrade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"vem","lemma":"vem","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of undrade","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on vem","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timret","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"timret","lemma":"timr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tog","gloss":"the timber"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of upplagt","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive upplagt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of upplagt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"passive auxiliary of upplagt","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"upplagt","lemma":"upplägga","morphology":"verb, past, participle, neuter, singular, nominative","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"piled up"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älvbrädden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"älvbrädden","lemma":"älvbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upplagt","gloss":"the riverbank"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch41-p19-s2","source":"Då svängde Gorgo om och for österut neråt Ljungan.","translation":"Then Gorgo swung about and flew eastward down along the Ljungan.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svängde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"svängde","lemma":"svängde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"Gorgo","lemma":"Gorgo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svängde","gloss":"Gorgo"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Gorgo","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies neråt","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"österut","lemma":"österut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies neråt","gloss":"eastward"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Ljungan","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"Ljungan","lemma":"Ljungan","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of Gorgo","gloss":"Ljungan"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch41-p19-s3","source":"»Det är älven, som tar hand om det och kör det till kvarnen,» ropade han.","translation":"»It is the river that takes care of it and carries it to the mill,» he called out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with älven","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to älven","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tar","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on älven","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on tar","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kör","lemma":"köra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tar","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kör","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvarnen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kvarnen","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kör","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to älven","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":53,"label":"20","id":"ch41-p20-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på hur noga det var därhemma, att inte ett korn fick spillas bort.","translation":"The boy thought about how careful they were back home that not a single grain should be spilled and lost.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of noga","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies noga","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"noga","lemma":"noga","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with noga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to noga","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"därhemma","lemma":"därhemma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"subject of noga","gloss":"back home"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of spillas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies korn","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of korn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"korn","lemma":"korn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive spillas","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of spillas","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"spillas","lemma":"spilla","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"coordinated with noga","gloss":"be spilled"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spillas","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s2","source":"Här kommo nu stora massor av timmer flytande i älven, utan att någon vårdade sig om dem.","translation":"Here now great masses of timber came floating down the river, without anyone troubling to look after them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies massor","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"massor","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"masses/lots"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"timmer","lemma":"timmer","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flytande","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"flytande","lemma":"flyta","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"clause modifying massor","gloss":"floating"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älven","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flytande","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vårdade","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vårdade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vårdade","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"vårdade","lemma":"vårda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"tended"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vårdade","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of vårdade","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s3","source":"Han kunde inte tro, att mer än hälften av stockarna kom fram, dit de skulle.","translation":"He could not believe that more than half of the logs arrived where they were supposed to.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hälften","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hälften","lemma":"hälft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stockarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"stockarna","lemma":"stockare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies hälften","gloss":"the logs"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tro","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skulle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of skulle","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kom","gloss":"were supposed to"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s4","source":"Somliga flöto mitt i strömfåran, och för dem gick allt väl, men andra färdades utmed stranden, och de stötte mot uddar eller blevo kvarliggande i vikarnas lugnvatten.","translation":"Some floated in the middle of the current, and for them everything went well, but others traveled along the shore, and they struck against headlands or were left lying in the still water of the coves.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Somliga","lemma":"somlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies flöto","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"flöto","lemma":"flöto","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"floated","note":"Flöto is the historical plural past form of flyta."},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flöto","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strömfåran","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"strömfåran","lemma":"strömfåran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flöto","gloss":"the main channel"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of passive färdades","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"färdades","lemma":"färda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of färdades","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stötte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stötte","lemma":"stötte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stötte","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"uddar","lemma":"udd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of stötte","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with uddar","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli (\"to become\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"kvarliggande","lemma":"kvarliggande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"complement of uddar","gloss":"left lying"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lugnvatten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vikarnas","lemma":"vikarnas","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, plural","role":"possessor of lugnvatten","gloss":"the coves'"},{"surface":"lugnvatten","lemma":"lugnvatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of uddar","gloss":"still water"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s5","source":"I sjöarna samlade sig stockarna i sådan mängd, att de täckte hela deras yta.","translation":"In the lakes the logs gathered in such quantity that they covered their entire surface.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sjöarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sjöarna","lemma":"sjöarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of samlade","gloss":"the lakes"},{"surface":"samlade","lemma":"samla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of samlade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"stockarna","lemma":"stockare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of samlade","gloss":"the logs"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mängd","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies mängd","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of samlade","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of täckte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of täckte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"täckte","lemma":"täcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on samlade","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies yta","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of yta","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"yta","lemma":"yta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of täckte","gloss":"surface"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s6","source":"Där tycktes de ligga och vila hur länge som helst.","translation":"There they seemed to lie resting for however long they pleased.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tycktes","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of ligga","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"subject of passive tycktes","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vila","lemma":"vila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ligga","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"however long"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase länge","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"helst","lemma":"gärna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"ever","note":"Type lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most)."}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s7","source":"Vid broarna fastnade de, i fallen hände det, att de brötos rätt av, i forsarna stannade de framför stenarna och byggde upp sig till höga, vacklande staplar.","translation":"At the bridges they got stuck; at the waterfalls it happened that they were snapped clean in two; in the rapids they stopped in front of the rocks and built themselves up into tall, tottering piles.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"brötos","title":"Archaic plural «-s» passive","body":"«brötos» stacks two markers: the «-s» passive of «bryta» ('to break') plus the old plural verb ending, agreeing with the plural logs. Modern Swedish would simply say «bröts» regardless of number."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking broarna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"broarna","lemma":"broarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fastnade","gloss":"the bridges"},{"surface":"fastnade","lemma":"fastna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got stuck"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fastnade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fallen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fallen","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hände","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"hände","lemma":"häna","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"parallel clause to fastnade","gloss":"happened","note":"mistagged as an adjective; it is the past tense of 'hända' (to happen)."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with hände","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of .","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of brötos","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"brötos","lemma":"brötos","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rätt","gloss":"snapped in two"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase att","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rätt","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forsarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"forsarna","lemma":"forsarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stannade","gloss":"the rapids"},{"surface":"stannade","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rätt","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stannade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenarna","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"stenarna","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stannade","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"byggde","lemma":"bygga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stannade","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on byggde","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of byggde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking staplar","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies staplar","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"vacklande","lemma":"vacklande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with höga","gloss":"tottering"},{"surface":"staplar","lemma":"stapel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of byggde","gloss":"piles"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch41-p20-s8","source":"»Jag kan undra hur lång tid den här skörden behöver för att komma till kvarnen,» sade pojken.","translation":"»I really do wonder how long this harvest needs to reach the mill,» said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undra","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of undra","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"undra","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to wonder"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lång","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tid","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skörden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skörden","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"behöver","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of undra","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvarnen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kvarnen","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with komma","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":61,"label":"21","id":"ch41-p21-s1","source":"Örnen fortfor att långsamt flyga neråt Ljungan.","translation":"The eagle kept on slowly flying down along the Ljungan.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flyga","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"fortfor","lemma":"fortfor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Örnen","gloss":"went on","note":"Mistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of flyga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyga","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"flyga","lemma":"flyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyga","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"Ljungan","lemma":"Ljungan","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of flyga","gloss":"Ljungan"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch41-p21-s2","source":"Över många ställen höll han sig stilla med utbredda vingar, för att pojken skulle få tid att se hur den här sortens skördearbete gick till.","translation":"Over many places he held himself still with outspread wings, so that the boy would have time to see how this kind of harvest work was carried out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies många","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held still"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höll","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"stilla","lemma":"stilla","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"utbredda","lemma":"utbredda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"outspread"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of höll","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on få","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sortens","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sortens","lemma":"sort","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of skördearbete","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"skördearbete","lemma":"skördearbete","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"harvest work"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":63,"label":"22","id":"ch41-p22-s1","source":"Om en stund kommo de till ett ställe, där flottningskarlarna arbetade.","translation":"After a while they came to a place where the log-drivers were working.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"flottningskarlar","title":"«flottning» = log-floating","body":"«flottning» is the practice of floating cut timber downriver to the mills, and «flottningskarlar» are the men who worked it — walking out onto moving logs with boat-hooks to keep the river's traffic jams clear. It was a real, dangerous 19th-century Norrland trade."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommo","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"flottningskarlarna","lemma":"flottningskarl","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of arbetade","gloss":"the log-drivers"},{"surface":"arbetade","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ställe","gloss":"worked"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch41-p22-s2","source":"Och örnen hörde, att pojken undrade för sig själv vad det var för folk, som sprang fram utmed stränderna.","translation":"And the eagle heard the boy wondering to himself what sort of people these were, running along the banks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hårdea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard","note":"Lemma is a corrupted form; the word is 'hörde', past tense of 'höra' (to hear)."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of undrade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of var","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking folk","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on folk","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sprang","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stränderna","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"stränderna","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":65,"label":"23","id":"ch41-p23-s1","source":"»Det är de, som tar vara på all den skörden, som har fördröjt sig på vägen,» ropade örnen.","translation":"»Those are the ones who look after all the harvest that has been delayed along the way,» the eagle called out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of de","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to de","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tar","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tar","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on de","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tar","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skörden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skörden","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tar","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fördröjt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fördröjt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"fördröjt","lemma":"fördröja","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on skörden","gloss":"been delayed"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of fördröjt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fördröjt","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to de","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":66,"label":"24","id":"ch41-p24-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på hur lugnt och fredligt folk körde sin säd till kvarnen hemma hos honom.","translation":"The boy thought about how calmly and peacefully people carried their grain to the mill back home.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lugnt","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lugnt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lugnt","lemma":"lugnd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"calmly","note":"used adverbially, 'calm/quiet'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fredligt","lemma":"fredlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"peaceful"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of körde","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"körde","lemma":"köra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tänkte","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of säd","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"säd","lemma":"säd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of körde","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvarnen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kvarnen","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of körde","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies körde","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hos","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hemma","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s2","source":"Här sprungo karlar fram på älvstranden med långa båtshakar i händerna, och med möda och besvär hjälpte de timret till rätta.","translation":"Here men ran along the riverbank with long boat-hooks in their hands, and with toil and trouble they helped set the timber right.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sprungo","title":"Archaic plural of «springa»","body":"«sprungo» is the 1906 plural preterite of «springa» ('to run'), agreeing with the plural «karlar». The last of the chapter's recurring archaic-plural family: «sprungo, kommo, foro, drogo, sågo, fingo, sutto, hunno»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies båtshakar","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of karlar","gloss":"ran","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo)."},{"surface":"karlar","lemma":"karla","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of båtshakar","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies karlar","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älvstranden","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"älvstranden","lemma":"älvstrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"riverbank"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking långa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies älvstranden","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"båtshakar","lemma":"båtshaka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"boat hooks"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking händerna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"händerna","lemma":"händerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of båtshakar","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking möda","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"möda","lemma":"möda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hjälpte","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"besvär","lemma":"besvär","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with möda","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"hjälpte","lemma":"hjälpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with båtshakar","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hjälpte","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"timret","lemma":"timr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hjälpte","gloss":"the timber"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rätta","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"rätta","lemma":"rätta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of hjälpte","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s3","source":"De vadade ut i strandvattnet, så att de blevo våta från topp till tå.","translation":"They waded out into the water by the shore, so that they got wet from head to toe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of vadade","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"vadade","lemma":"vada","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"waded"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vadade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandvattnet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"strandvattnet","lemma":"strandvatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"the shore water"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of våta","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of våta","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, supine","role":"modifies våta","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"våta","lemma":"våta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vadade","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking topp","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"topp","lemma":"topp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of våta","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tå","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tå","lemma":"tå","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of våta","gloss":"toe"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s4","source":"De hoppade från sten till sten långt ut i forsarna, de vandrade omkring på de vaggande timmerhoparna så lugnt, som om de skulle ha gått på släta marken.","translation":"They leapt from rock to rock far out in the rapids; they walked about on the rocking heaps of timber as calmly as if they had been walking on flat ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hoppade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hoppade","lemma":"hoppa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hoppade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forsarna","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"forsarna","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"rapids"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vandrade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vandrade","lemma":"vandra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies hoppade","gloss":"wandered","note":"Tagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'."},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies timmerhoparna","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmerhoparna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of timmerhoparna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vaggande","lemma":"vagga","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies timmerhoparna","gloss":"rocking"},{"surface":"timmerhoparna","lemma":"timmerhoparna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hoppade","gloss":"the timber heaps"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lugnt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lugnt","lemma":"lugnd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies timmerhoparna","gloss":"calmly","note":"used adverbially, 'calm/quiet'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of gått","gloss":"as if","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gått","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on timmerhoparna","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"släta","lemma":"slät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s5","source":"Det var djärvt och rådigt folk.","translation":"They were bold and resourceful people.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of djärvt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to djärvt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"djärvt","lemma":"djärvt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies folk","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rådigt","lemma":"rådig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with djärvt","gloss":"resourceful"},{"surface":"folk","lemma":"folk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s6","source":"»När jag ser det här, måste jag tänka på smederna i Bergslagerna, som handskades med elden, som om den vore alldeles ofarlig,» sade pojken.","translation":"»When I see this, I must think of the smiths in Bergslagen, who handled fire as though it were altogether harmless,» said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bergslagerna","title":"Bergslagen","body":"«Bergslagen» is the historic mining and ironworking district of central Sweden. The boy is recalling an earlier stop on his journey with the wild geese — its smiths' calm mastery of fire mirrors the log-drivers' calm mastery of the river here."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänka","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ser","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänka","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänka","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tänka","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking smederna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"smederna","lemma":"smed","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänka","gloss":"smiths"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bergslagerna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Bergslagerna","lemma":"Bergslagerna","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies smederna","gloss":"Bergslagen","note":"Proper name of the mining region."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive handskades","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"handskades","lemma":"handska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on Bergslagerna","gloss":"handled"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elden","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of handskades","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ofarlig","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ofarlig","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ofarlig","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to ofarlig","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ofarlig","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ofarlig","lemma":"ofarlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on elden","gloss":"harmless"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tänka","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s7","source":"»Dessa flottningskarlarna leker med vattnet, som om de vore herrar över det.","translation":"»These log-drivers play with the water as though they were its masters.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flottningskarlarna","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"flottningskarlarna","lemma":"flottningskarlarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of leker","gloss":"the log-drivers"},{"surface":"leker","lemma":"leka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"plays"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of leker","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of herrar","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of herrar","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of herrar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"copula linking to herrar","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"herrar","lemma":"herr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on leker","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of herrar","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch41-p24-s8","source":"De tycks ha kuvat det, så att det inte vågar skada dem.»","translation":"They seem to have tamed it, so that it doesn't dare harm them.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tycks","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tycks","lemma":"tyckas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tycks","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"kuvat","lemma":"kuvat","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"tamed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vågar","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of vågar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vågar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vågar","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ha","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"skada","lemma":"skada","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"subject of vågar","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of vågar","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":74,"label":"25","id":"ch41-p25-s1","source":"Så småningom hade de närmat sig älvmynningen, och Bottniska viken låg framför dem.","translation":"Little by little they had drawn near to the river's mouth, and the Gulf of Bothnia lay before them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bottniska viken","title":"The Gulf of Bothnia","body":"«Bottniska viken» is the Gulf of Bothnia, the arm of the Baltic Sea between Sweden and Finland. Ljungan reaches it at Sundsvall, which is where the boy and Gorgo are now headed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies närmat","gloss":"gradually"},{"surface":"småningom","lemma":"småningom","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Så","gloss":"gradually","note":"Used in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of närmat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of närmat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"närmat","lemma":"närmada","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drawn near"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of närmat","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"älvmynningen","lemma":"älvmynning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of närmat","gloss":"the river mouth"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Bottniska","lemma":"Bottniska","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies viken","gloss":"Bothnian"},{"surface":"viken","lemma":"vik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"bay"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with närmat","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch41-p25-s2","source":"Men Gorgo fortsatte inte rakt fram, utan for norrut längs kusten.","translation":"But Gorgo did not go on straight ahead; instead he flew north along the coast.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Gorgo","lemma":"Gorgo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fortsatte","gloss":"Gorgo","note":"Proper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"fortsatte","lemma":"fortsatte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fortsatte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"rakt","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fortsatte","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies längs","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"norrut","lemma":"norrut","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"northward"},{"surface":"längs","lemma":"längs","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fortsatte","gloss":"coast"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch41-p25-s3","source":"Han hade inte farit långt, förrän de sågo under sig ett sågverk, så stort som en småstad.","translation":"He had not flown far before they saw below them a sawmill as large as a small town.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on farit","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sågverk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sågverk","lemma":"sågverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"sawmill"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with sågverk","gloss":"large","note":"Adverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of småstad","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of småstad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"småstad","lemma":"småstad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"small town"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch41-p25-s4","source":"När örnen svävade fram och tillbaka över det, hörde han hur pojken sade för sig själv, att detta var en bra stor och präktig plats.","translation":"As the eagle circled back and forth above it, he heard the boy say to himself that this was a fine, large, and splendid place.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svävade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svävade","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"svävade","lemma":"sväva","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hörde","gloss":"hovered"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on svävade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sade","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sade","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying sig","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stor","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies stor","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies plats","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"präktig","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stor","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"plats","lemma":"plats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sade","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":78,"label":"26","id":"ch41-p26-s1","source":"»Här har du den stora timmerkvarnen, som kallas Svartvik,» ropade örnen.","translation":"»Here you have the great timber mill that is called Svartvik,» the eagle called out.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Svartvik","title":"Svartvik","body":"A real sawmill community on the coast just south of Sundsvall, one of the large steam-powered mills that made Medelpad a center of Swedish timber export in Lagerlöf's time."}],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of timmerkvarnen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies timmerkvarnen","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"timmerkvarnen","lemma":"timmerkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"the timber mill"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive kallas","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kallas","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on timmerkvarnen","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Svartvik","lemma":"Svartvik","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"agent of kallas","gloss":"Svartvik"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with har","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":79,"label":"27","id":"ch41-p27-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på väderkvarnarna hemma i hans trakt, som lågo så fridsamt inbäddade i grönska och rörde vingarna så långsamt.","translation":"The boy thought of the windmills back home in his district, which lay so peacefully nestled in greenery and turned their sails so slowly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking väderkvarnarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"väderkvarnarna","lemma":"väderkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"windmills"},{"surface":"hemma","lemma":"hemma","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trakt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hans","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of trakt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"trakt","lemma":"trakt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lågo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of tänkte","gloss":"lay","note":"Past plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inbäddade","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fridsamt","lemma":"fridsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"peacefully"},{"surface":"inbäddade","lemma":"inbäddad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on lågo","gloss":"embedded"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grönska","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"grönska","lemma":"grönska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of inbäddade","gloss":"greenery"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with inbäddade","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långsamt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"långsamt","lemma":"långsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rörde","gloss":"slowly"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s2","source":"Den här kvarnen, där skogsskörden skulle malas, låg tätt invid kusten.","translation":"This mill, where the forest-harvest was to be ground, lay close by the coast.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kvarnen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Den","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"kvarnen","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies malas","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"skogsskörden","lemma":"skogsskörde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive malas","gloss":"the forest harvest"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of malas","gloss":"was to"},{"surface":"malas","lemma":"mala","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"relative clause on kvarnen","gloss":"be ground"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clause modifying kvarnen","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies invid","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"invid","lemma":"invid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kusten","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"coast"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s3","source":"På vattnet framför den summo en mängd stockar, som en efter annan släpades med järnkedjor uppför en sluttande bro in i ett hus, som liknade en stor lada.","translation":"On the water in front of it swam a great many logs, which one after another were dragged with iron chains up a sloping ramp into a building that resembled a great barn.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vattnet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking summo","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of summo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vattnet","gloss":"swam","note":"Archaic plural past tense of 'simma' (they swam), despite the adverb tag."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stockar","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"stockar","lemma":"stock","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies vattnet","gloss":"logs"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of passive släpades","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of släpades","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking annan","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of släpades","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"släpades","lemma":"släpa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on stockar","gloss":"were dragged"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking järnkedjor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"järnkedjor","lemma":"järnkedjor","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of släpades","gloss":"iron chains"},{"surface":"uppför","lemma":"uppför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bro","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sluttande","lemma":"sluttande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies bro","gloss":"sloping"},{"surface":"bro","lemma":"bro","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of släpades","gloss":"bridge"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hus","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of hus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hus","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of släpades","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of liknade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"liknade","lemma":"likna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on hus","gloss":"resembled"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of lada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies lada","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"lada","lemma":"lada","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of liknade","gloss":"barn"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s4","source":"Vad som skedde med dem därinne, det kunde pojken inte se, men starkt rassel och dån hörde han, och från andra sidan av huset kommo små vagnar utlöpande, som voro fullastade med vita plankor.","translation":"What happened to them in there the boy could not see, but he heard a loud rattling and roaring, and from the other side of the building small wagons came running out, loaded full with white planks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on skedde","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skedde","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skedde","lemma":"ske","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of skedde","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"därinne","lemma":"därinne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skedde","gloss":"in there"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kunde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to skedde","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"starkt","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rassel","gloss":"loud","note":"Adverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'."},{"surface":"rassel","lemma":"rassel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"rattling"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dån","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hörde","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hör","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with se","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huset","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"två","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"other","note":"Surface \"andra\" here means \"other,\" not \"two\" — a lemma/tag mismatch in the source data."},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase från","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huset","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"huset","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with skedde","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vagnar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"vagnar","lemma":"vagn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kommo","gloss":"wagons"},{"surface":"utlöpande","lemma":"utlöpande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kommo","gloss":"running out"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fullastade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies fullastade","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural past tense of vara (\"to be\")."},{"surface":"fullastade","lemma":"fullasta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on utlöpande","gloss":"fully loaded"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plankor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies plankor","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"plankor","lemma":"planka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fullastade","gloss":"planks"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s5","source":"Vagnarna foro på blanka skenor bort till brädgården, där plankorna lades upp i staplar, som bildade gator liksom husen i en stad.","translation":"The wagons ran on shining rails away to the lumberyard, where the planks were stacked up in piles that formed streets, just like the houses in a town.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vagnarna","lemma":"Vagnarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"determiner of foro","gloss":"the wagons"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skenor","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"blanka","lemma":"blank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skenor","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"skenor","lemma":"skena","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"rails"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies foro","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brädgården","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"brädgården","lemma":"brädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bort","gloss":"lumberyard"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"plankorna","lemma":"plankorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive lades","gloss":"planks"},{"surface":"lades","lemma":"laa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on brädgården","gloss":"were stacked"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lades","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking staplar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"staplar","lemma":"stapel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lades","gloss":"piles"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bildade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"bildade","lemma":"bilda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on staplar","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"gator","lemma":"gata","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of bildade","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"liksom","lemma":"liksom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking husen","gloss":"just like"},{"surface":"husen","lemma":"hus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"clause modifying gator","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies husen","gloss":"town"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s6","source":"På ett ställe byggdes nya staplar, på ett annat plockades de gamla ner, och plankorna buros ombord på ett par stora skepp, som lågo och väntade på last.","translation":"In one spot new piles were being built up, in another the old ones were being taken down, and the planks were carried on board a couple of great ships that lay waiting for cargo.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of byggdes","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"byggdes","lemma":"bygg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were built"},{"surface":"nya","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies staplar","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"staplar","lemma":"stapel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive byggdes","gloss":"piles"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking annat","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of annat","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of plockades","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"plockades","lemma":"plockade","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with byggdes","gloss":"were taken down"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gamla","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of passive plockades","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies plockades","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"plankorna","lemma":"plankorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies buros","gloss":"planks"},{"surface":"buros","lemma":"buros","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with byggdes","gloss":"were carried"},{"surface":"ombord","lemma":"ombord","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buros","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skepp","gloss":"on board"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skepp","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skepp","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"skepp","lemma":"skepp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of byggdes","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"in apposition to skepp","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"väntade","lemma":"vänta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking last","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"last","lemma":"last","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of väntade","gloss":"cargo"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s7","source":"Det var vimlande fullt av arbetare, och bakom brädgården uppåt skogen lågo deras bostäder.","translation":"The place was swarming full of workers, and behind the lumberyard, up toward the forest, lay their dwellings.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with arbetare","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to arbetare","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vimlande","lemma":"vimla","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies arbetare","gloss":"swarming"},{"surface":"fullt","lemma":"full","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetare","gloss":"swarming full","note":"Adverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbetare","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"arbetare","lemma":"arbetare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lågo","gloss":"workers"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brädgården","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"brädgården","lemma":"brädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppåt","gloss":"lumberyard"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with arbetare","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of uppåt","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay","note":"Mislabeled as infinitive; lågo is the same archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie/be situated\")."},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of bostäder","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"bostäder","lemma":"bostad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dwellings"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch41-p27-s8","source":"»Här arbetar de så, att de måtte hinna att såga opp all skog i Medelpad,» sade pojken.","translation":"»Here they work so hard that they must mean to saw up all the forest in Medelpad,» said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetar","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"arbetar","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of arbetar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbetar","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hinna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of hinna","gloss":"they","note":"This type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun \"they\" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = \"they were unusually...\") as often as the determiner \"the\" (de andra = \"the others\"); a fixed gloss of \"the\" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence."},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hinna","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"hinna","lemma":"hinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of arbetar","gloss":"to have time to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of såga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"såga","lemma":"såga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on hinna","gloss":"to saw"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on såga","gloss":"up","note":"mistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'."},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skog","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"skog","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såga","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Medelpad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Medelpad","lemma":"Medelpad","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of såga","gloss":"Medelpad"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hinna","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":87,"label":"28","id":"ch41-p28-s1","source":"Örnen rörde vingarna en smula, och genast sågo de ett nytt stort sågverk, som var ungefär likt det förra, med såghus, brädgård, lastkaj och arbetarbostäder.","translation":"The eagle stirred his wings a little, and at once they saw a new large sawmill, much like the previous one, with sawhouse, lumberyard, loading dock, and workers' dwellings.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of smula","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"smula","lemma":"smula","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with rörde","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sågverk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sågverk","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sågverk","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"sågverk","lemma":"sågverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"sawmill"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of likt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to likt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ungefär","lemma":"ungefär","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies likt","gloss":"approximately"},{"surface":"likt","lemma":"likt","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on sågverk","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of förra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of likt","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking såghus","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"såghus","lemma":"såghus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of likt","gloss":"sawhouses"},{"surface":"brädgård","lemma":"brädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with såghus","gloss":"lumberyard"},{"surface":"lastkaj","lemma":"lastkaj","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with såghus","gloss":"loading dock"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arbetarbostäder","lemma":"arbetarbostäd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with såghus","gloss":"workers' cottages"}]},{"number":88,"label":"29","id":"ch41-p29-s1","source":"»Här har du en till av de stora kvarnarna.","translation":"»Here you have another of the great mills.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on har","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvarnarna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kvarnarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kvarnarna","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"kvarnarna","lemma":"kvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of har","gloss":"mills"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ch41-p29-s2","source":"Den kallas Kubikenborg,» ropade örnen.","translation":"It is called Kubikenborg,» the eagle called out.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kubikenborg","title":"Kubikenborg","body":"Another real sawmill site on the coast near Sundsvall, one of the string of steam sawmills that made this shoreline one of Europe's busiest timber-export coasts in the late 19th century."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive kallas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kallas","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"Kubikenborg","lemma":"Kubikenborg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of kallas","gloss":"Kubikenborg"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kallas","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":90,"label":"30","id":"ch41-p30-s1","source":"»Jag ser, att det kommer mer skörd ur skogen, än jag kunde tro,» sade pojken.","translation":"»I see that more harvest comes out of the forest than I could have believed,» said the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kommer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of ser","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skörd","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"skörd","lemma":"skörd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommer","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skörd","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tro","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tro","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tro","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tro","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on ser","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to ser","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch41-p30-s2","source":"»Men nu är det väl slut med timmerkvarnarna.»","translation":"»But now surely there's an end to the timber mills.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slut","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to slut","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of slut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slut","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"slut","lemma":"slut","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmerkvarnarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"timmerkvarnarna","lemma":"timmerkvarn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slut","gloss":"the timber mills"}]},{"number":92,"label":"31","id":"ch41-p31-s1","source":"Örnen rörde vingarna sakta, for förbi ännu ett par sågverk och kom fram till en stor stad.","translation":"The eagle moved his wings slowly, flew past yet another couple of sawmills, and came to a large city.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"sakta","lemma":"sakt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies rörde","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sågverk","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"förbi","lemma":"förbi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase for","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies par","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sågverk","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"sågverk","lemma":"sågverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of rörde","gloss":"sawmills"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sågverk","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kom","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stad","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"town"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch41-p31-s2","source":"När örnen hörde, att pojken undrade vad detta var för en stad, ropade han: »Detta är Sundsvall.","translation":"When the eagle heard the boy wondering what city this was, he called out: »This is Sundsvall.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Sundsvall","title":"Sundsvall","body":"The chief city of the Medelpad timber coast, built on sawmilling wealth in the second half of the 19th century — the destination this whole chapter's river journey has been building toward."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hörde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"hårdea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on ropade","gloss":"heard","note":"Lemma is a corrupted form; the word is 'hörde', past tense of 'höra' (to hear)."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of undrade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"undrade","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of hörde","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the clause of stad","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stad","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of undrade","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"ropade","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ropade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Sundsvall","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Sundsvall","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Sundsvall","lemma":"Sundsvall","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Sundsvall"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"ch41-p31-s3","source":"Det är huvudgården i timmerbygden.»","translation":"It is the chief seat of the timber country.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with huvudgården","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to huvudgården","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"huvudgården","lemma":"huvudgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the chief seat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timmerbygden","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"timmerbygden","lemma":"timmerbygd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies huvudgården","gloss":"the timber country"}]},{"number":95,"label":"32","id":"ch41-p32-s1","source":"Pojken tänkte på städerna nere i Skåne, som sågo så gråa och gamla och allvarliga ut.","translation":"The boy thought of the towns down in Skåne, which looked so gray and old and solemn.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking städerna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"städerna","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skåne","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Skåne","lemma":"Skåne","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"Skåne"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Skåne","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gråa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"gråa","lemma":"grå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gamla","lemma":"gammal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gråa","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"allvarliga","lemma":"allvarlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with gråa","gloss":"solemn"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sågo","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ch41-p32-s2","source":"Häruppe i den kulna norden låg Sundsvalls stad innerst inne i en vacker vik och såg ny och glad och strålande ut.","translation":"Up here in the raw north, the town of Sundsvall lay deep within a beautiful bay and looked new and cheerful and radiant.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kulna","title":"«kulen» = raw, chilly","body":"«kulen» = raw, damp, chilly (of weather) — an old, mostly northern adjective; before «norden» it takes the weak form «kulna» (kulen → kulna, like öppen → öppna). The boy's shorthand for Norrland's climate, set against the bright, new-looking city it nonetheless produced."}],"words":[{"surface":"Häruppe","lemma":"häruppe","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"up here"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of norden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kulna","lemma":"kuln","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies norden","gloss":"raw"},{"surface":"norden","lemma":"nord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Häruppe","gloss":"the north"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"Sundsvalls","lemma":"Sundsvall","morphology":"proper noun, genitive","role":"possessor of stad","gloss":"Sundsvall's"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"innerst","lemma":"innerst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inne","gloss":"innermost"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"deep within"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vik","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vik","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vik","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"vik","lemma":"vik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"bay"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ny","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ny","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"strålande","lemma":"strålande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with ny","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ch41-p32-s3","source":"Det var något särskilt lustigt med den, när man såg den uppifrån, för i mitten stod en klunga höga stenhus, så präktiga, att det knappt fanns make till dem i Stockholm.","translation":"There was something especially amusing about it when seen from above, for in the middle stood a cluster of tall stone houses, so splendid that there was hardly their equal in Stockholm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lustigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lustigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of lustigt","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"särskilt","lemma":"särskilt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lustigt","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"lustigt","lemma":"lustig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"amusing"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lustigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of såg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uppifrån","lemma":"uppifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of stod","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mitten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to lustigt","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of klunga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klunga","lemma":"klunga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"possessor of stenhus","gloss":"cluster"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stenhus","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"stenhus","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"stone houses"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies präktiga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"präktiga","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"adverbial clause on präktiga","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"make","lemma":"make","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fanns","gloss":"the like","note":"used in 'sett make/maken till' meaning nothing comparable had been seen."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stockholm","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Stockholm","lemma":"Stockholm","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"Stockholm"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch41-p32-s4","source":"Runt om stenhusen var ett tomrum, och så vidtog en krans av trähus, som lågo trevliga och glada i små trädgårdar, men som tycktes veta med sig, att de voro mycket sämre än stenhusen, och inte vågade sig fram i deras närhet.","translation":"Around the stone houses was an empty space, and then followed a ring of wooden houses, which lay pleasant and cheerful in their small gardens, but which seemed to know themselves to be far inferior to the stone houses, and dared not venture near them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Runt","lemma":"runt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tomrum","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenhusen","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"stenhusen","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of Runt","gloss":"stone houses"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tomrum","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of tomrum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tomrum","lemma":"tomrum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"empty space"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vidtog","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vidtog","lemma":"vidta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tomrum","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of krans","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"krans","lemma":"krans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of vidtog","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trähus","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"trähus","lemma":"trähus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies krans","gloss":"wooden houses"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"relative clause on trähus","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"trevliga","lemma":"trevlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"pleasant"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glada","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with trevliga","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trädgårdar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies trädgårdar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"trädgårdar","lemma":"trädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of trevliga","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of veta","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies veta","gloss":"seemed to"},{"surface":"veta","lemma":"veta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vidtog","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of veta","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sämre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sämre","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sämre","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"sämre","lemma":"dålig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"adverbial clause on veta","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stenhusen","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"stenhusen","lemma":"stenhus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of sämre","gloss":"stone houses"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vågade","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vågade","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sämre","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vågade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vågade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking närhet","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of närhet","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"närhet","lemma":"närhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"vicinity"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"ch41-p32-s5","source":"»Det här är nog en både rik och mäktig stad,» sade pojken.","translation":"»This must be both a rich and a mighty city,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to stad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stad","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"rik","lemma":"rik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stad","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mäktig","lemma":"mäktig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with rik","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"stad","lemma":"stad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to stad","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ch41-p32-s6","source":"»Kan det vara möjligt, att det är den magra skogsmarken, som ger upphov till allt detta?»","translation":"»Can it be possible that it is the poor forest land that gives rise to all this?»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of möjligt","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with möjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to möjligt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skogsmarken","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with skogsmarken","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skogsmarken","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogsmarken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"magra","lemma":"magr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogsmarken","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"skogsmarken","lemma":"skogsmark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on möjligt","gloss":"forest land"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ger","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"ger","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on skogsmarken","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"upphov","lemma":"upphov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ger","gloss":"origin","note":"Occurs in the phrase 'ge upphov till' = to give rise to."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ger","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":101,"label":"33","id":"ch41-p33-s1","source":"Örnen rörde vingarna och for över till Alnön, som låg mittemot Sundsvall.","translation":"The eagle stirred his wings and flew across to Alnön, which lay opposite Sundsvall.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Alnön","title":"Alnön","body":"A real island in the bay facing Sundsvall, in Lagerlöf's day ringed by sawmills — the vantage from which the boy takes in the sheer scale of the Medelpad timber industry."}],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rörde","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"rörde","lemma":"röra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"vingarna","lemma":"vingarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of rörde","gloss":"the wings","note":"lemma should be vinge 'wing'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alnön","gloss":"flew","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Alnön","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alnön","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Alnön","lemma":"Alnön","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with rörde","gloss":"Alnön"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on Alnön","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'."},{"surface":"mittemot","lemma":"mittemot","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking Sundsvall","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"Sundsvall","lemma":"Sundsvall","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"Sundsvall"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s2","source":"Här råkade pojken i största förvåning över alla de sågverk, som klädde stränderna.","translation":"Here the boy fell into the greatest astonishment at all the sawmills that lined the shores.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies råkade","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell into"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of råkade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking förvåning","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"största","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies förvåning","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"förvåning","lemma":"förvåning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of råkade","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sågverk","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sågverk","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sågverk","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sågverk","lemma":"sågverk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of råkade","gloss":"sawmills"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of klädde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"klädde","lemma":"klädde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sågverk","gloss":"lined"},{"surface":"stränderna","lemma":"stränderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of klädde","gloss":"the shores"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s3","source":"De lågo på Alnön det ena bredvid det andra, och de lågo på fasta landet mittemot, verk vid verk, brädgård vid brädgård.","translation":"They stood on Alnön one beside another, and they stood on the mainland opposite, mill after mill, lumberyard after lumberyard.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of lågo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ena","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Alnön","lemma":"Alnön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies det","gloss":"Alnön"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ena","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"part of the phrase bredvid","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of lågo","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with lågo","gloss":"lay","note":"mistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay)."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fasta","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies landet","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"mittemot","lemma":"mittemot","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lågo","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"verk","lemma":"verk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with mittemot","gloss":"mill","note":"the idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'."},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verk","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"verk","lemma":"verk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies verk","gloss":"mill","note":"the idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'."},{"surface":"brädgård","lemma":"brädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with mittemot","gloss":"lumberyard"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brädgård","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"brädgård","lemma":"brädgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies brädgård","gloss":"lumberyard"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s4","source":"Han räknade åtminstone till fyrtio, men han trodde nog, att de voro ändå fler.","translation":"He counted at least to forty, but he believed there were surely even more.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räknade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"räknade","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"åtminstone","lemma":"åtminstone","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies räknade","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fyrtio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fyrtio","lemma":"fyrtio","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"oblique complement of räknade","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with räknade","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fler","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fler","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fler","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"fler","lemma":"fler","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"clausal complement of trodde","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s5","source":"»Det är då underbart, att det kan se så ut häroppe,» sade han.","translation":"»It is truly wonderful that it can look like this up here,» he said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with underbart","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to underbart","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies underbart","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"underbart","lemma":"underbar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wonderful"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on underbart","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"häroppe","lemma":"häroppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"up here","note":"Functions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to underbart","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s6","source":"»Ett sådant liv och en sådan rörelse har jag inte sett på något annat ställe under hela resan.","translation":"»Such life and such bustle I have not seen anywhere else during the whole journey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of liv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies liv","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"liv","lemma":"liv","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rörelse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rörelse","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"rörelse","lemma":"rörelse","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with liv","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seen","note":"Backbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ställe","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ställe","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ställe","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking resan","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies resan","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"resan","lemma":"resa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ställe","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s7","source":"Det är ett märkvärdigt land, som vi har.","translation":"It is a remarkable country that we have.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of land","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to land","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of har","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on land","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch41-p33-s8","source":"Vart jag kommer, alltid finns det något för människor att leva av.»","translation":"Wherever I go, there is always something for people to live on.»","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vart","lemma":"vart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommer","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kommer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kommer","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on finns","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"alltid","lemma":"alltid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finns","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"finns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of finns","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking människor","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finns","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of leva","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"leva","lemma":"leva","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on finns","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leva","gloss":"on"}]}]}