{"work":{"slug":"nils","title":{"source":"Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige","translated":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils"},"author":"Selma Lagerlöf","language":"Swedish","languageCode":"sv","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch42","title":{"source":"En morgon i Ångermanland","translated":"A Morning in Ångermanland"},"section":"The Wonderful Adventures of Nils","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch42","lines":179},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch41","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/nils/ch43","license":"Source text: public domain (Selma Lagerlöf, d. 1940; first published 1906–1907). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch42-p1-s1","source":"När örnen hade farit ett stycke uppåt Ångermanland nästa morgon, sade han, att i dag var det han, som var hungrig och måste skaffa sig mat.","translation":"When the eagle had flown a stretch up into Ångermanland the next morning, he said that today it was his turn to be hungry and have to get himself food.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"skaffa sig","title":"Reflexive «sig»","body":"«Skaffa sig mat» = 'get oneself food'. «Sig» is the reflexive pronoun (used for third-person subjects of any gender/number) and turns a plain verb into 'do X to/for oneself' — very common with verbs of acquiring, moving, or preparing."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ångermanland","title":"A Norrland province","body":"«Ångermanland» is a historic province on Sweden's northern Baltic coast, named for the Ångerman River. Nils is being carried steadily north through the country's landscape provinces («landskap»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of farit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fari","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sade","gloss":"flown"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of farit","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"Ångermanland","lemma":"Ångermanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of uppåt","gloss":"Ångermanland","note":"Swedish province name."},{"surface":"nästa","lemma":"nästa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppåt","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of var","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies var","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of sade","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hungrig","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hungrig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hungrig","lemma":"hungrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on han","gloss":"hungry"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skaffa","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"skaffa","lemma":"skaffa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hungrig","gloss":"to get"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of skaffa","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skaffa","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch42-p1-s2","source":"Han satte ner pojken i en väldig tall, som stod på en hög bergås, och flög därpå sin väg.","translation":"He set the boy down in an enormous pine that stood on a high mountain ridge, and then flew on his way.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on satte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tall","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tall","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"väldig","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tall","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"tall","lemma":"tall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tall","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergås","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bergås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bergås","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"bergås","lemma":"bergås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"a mountain ridge"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"flew","note":"Actually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present."},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flög","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of väg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"väg","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of flög","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":3,"label":"2","id":"ch42-p2-s1","source":"Pojken fann en god sittplats i en grenklyka och satt där och såg ner över Ångermanland.","translation":"The boy found a good seat in a fork of branches and sat there looking out over Ångermanland.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fann","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"fann","lemma":"fann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sittplats","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sittplats","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"sittplats","lemma":"sittplats","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fann","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grenklyka","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of grenklyka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grenklyka","lemma":"grenklyka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fann","gloss":"branch fork"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fann","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fann","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ångermanland","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Ångermanland","lemma":"Ångermanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"Ångermanland","note":"Swedish province name."}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch42-p2-s2","source":"Det var en vacker morgon, solskenet förgyllde trädtopparna, en svag vind for spelande genom barren, den skönaste doft slog upp ur skogen, ett storståtligt landskap låg utbrett framför honom, och själv kände han sig sorglös och glad.","translation":"It was a beautiful morning; the sunshine gilded the treetops, a gentle wind played through the needles, the loveliest scent rose up from the forest, a magnificent landscape lay spread out before him, and he himself felt carefree and glad.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"solskenet","title":"«ett»-word + definite suffix «-et»","body":"«Sol» + «-sken» ('shine') is an «ett»-word; the definite form adds the suffix «-et» rather than a separate article: «solsken» → «solsken-et», 'the sunshine'. Swedish marks 'the' by suffix, not a preceding word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of morgon","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to morgon","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of morgon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"morgon","lemma":"morgon","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"solskenet","lemma":"solsken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with morgon","gloss":"the sunshine"},{"surface":"förgyllde","lemma":"förgyllde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"preposition marking trädtopparna","gloss":"gilded"},{"surface":"trädtopparna","lemma":"trädtopparna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of morgon","gloss":"the treetops"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vind","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svag","lemma":"svag","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vind","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"vind","lemma":"vind","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies morgon","gloss":"wind","note":"vind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form."},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spelande","gloss":"played","note":"Past tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it \"flew\"/\"passing over\" far more often than \"traveled\"."},{"surface":"spelande","lemma":"spelande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies vind","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barren","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"barren","lemma":"barr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies spelande","gloss":"needles","note":"Pine/spruce needles, not sewing needles."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of doft","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skönaste","lemma":"skönaste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies doft","gloss":"loveliest","note":"Studio translation renders 'skönaste' as 'loveliest' (3x) or 'fairest' (1x), never 'finest'; prefer 'loveliest' to match the wording actually used."},{"surface":"doft","lemma":"doft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to morgon","gloss":"rose up","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landskap","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"storståtligt","lemma":"storståtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies landskap","gloss":"magnificent"},{"surface":"landskap","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"utbrett","lemma":"utbrett","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of låg","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on och","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kändäge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with morgon","gloss":"felt","note":"Surface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of kände","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sorglös","lemma":"sorglös","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of kände","gloss":"carefree"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glad","lemma":"glad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with sorglös","gloss":"glad"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch42-p2-s3","source":"Han tyckte, att ingen kunde ha det bättre.","translation":"He thought that no one could have it better.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bättre","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of ha","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":6,"label":"3","id":"ch42-p3-s1","source":"Han hade fri utsikt åt alla håll.","translation":"He had a clear view in every direction.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fri","lemma":"fri","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies utsikt","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"utsikt","lemma":"utsikt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"view"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking håll","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of håll","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"directions"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch42-p3-s2","source":"Landet väster om honom var uppfyllt av åsar och bergtoppar, som blevo högre och vildare, ju längre bort de stodo.","translation":"The land to the west of him was filled with ridges and mountain peaks, which grew higher and wilder the farther off they stood.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blevo","title":"Archaic plural verb form","body":"1906 Swedish still marked plural agreement on some verbs: «blevo» is the plural preterite of «bli» ('become'), used because the subject «åsar och bergtoppar» is plural. Modern Swedish dropped this and uses the invariant «blev» for all subjects."}],"words":[{"surface":"Landet","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of väster","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"väster","lemma":"väster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of uppfyllt","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies väster","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to uppfyllt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"uppfyllt","lemma":"uppfylla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"agent of uppfyllt","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bergtoppar","lemma":"bergtopp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with åsar","gloss":"mountain peaks"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blevo","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on bergtoppar","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"högre","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vildare","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"coordinated with högre","gloss":"wilder"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase längre","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with uppfyllt","gloss":"stood","note":"Past plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective."}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch42-p3-s3","source":"Öster om honom funnos också en mängd åsar, men de sjönko och blevo lägre, tills landet låg alldeles slätt nere vid havet.","translation":"To the east of him there were also a great many ridges, but they sank and grew lower, until the land lay quite flat down by the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"funnos","title":"Archaic plural of «fanns»","body":"«Funnos» is the old plural preterite of «finnas» ('to exist/be found'); modern Swedish uses the invariant «fanns» regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"Öster","lemma":"Öster","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of funnos","gloss":"east of","note":"Preposition/adverb 'east'; mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Öster","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"funnos","lemma":"funnos","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there were","note":"Old plural past tense of 'finnas', existential 'there were/existed'."},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies funnos","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies åsar","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"åsar","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of funnos","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of sjönko","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"sjönko","lemma":"sjönko","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with funnos","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with sjönko","gloss":"became","note":"Archaic plural past tense of bli (\"to become\"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"lägre","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"complement of blevo","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"tills","lemma":"tills","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blevo","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slätt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"slätt","lemma":"slätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking havet","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"havet","lemma":"hav","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch42-p3-s4","source":"Överallt blänkte åar och älvar, som hade en besvärlig färd med forsar och fall, så länge som de gingo fram mellan bergen, men bredde ut sig blanka och breda, när de närmade sig kusten.","translation":"Everywhere gleamed streams and rivers that had a difficult journey with rapids and falls as long as they ran between the mountains, but spread out bright and broad as they neared the coast.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gingo","title":"Archaic plural of «gick»","body":"«Gingo» is the plural preterite of «gå» ('go'); modern Swedish uses «gick» for both singular and plural subjects. Lagerlöf, writing in 1906, still observes this older agreement rule throughout the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blänkte","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"blänkte","lemma":"blänkte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gleamed"},{"surface":"åar","lemma":"åar","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of passive blänkte","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"älvar","lemma":"älv","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with åar","gloss":"rivers","note":"Mistagged as an adverb; älvar is the plural of älv (\"river\")."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on åar","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of färd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"besvärlig","lemma":"besvärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies färd","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"färd","lemma":"färd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forsar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"forsar","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"rapids"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with forsar","gloss":"cases"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"länge","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with blänkte","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gingo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of gingo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gingo","lemma":"gingo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on länge","gloss":"went","note":"Past plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies länge","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergen","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"bergen","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"bredde","lemma":"bre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blänkte","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bredde","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"blanka","lemma":"blank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of bredde","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"breda","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with blanka","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of närmade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of närmade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"närmade","lemma":"närma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on bredde","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of närmade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"kusten","lemma":"kust","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of närmade","gloss":"coast"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch42-p3-s5","source":"Bottniska viken såg han också.","translation":"He saw the Gulf of Bothnia too.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bottniska viken","title":"The Gulf of Bothnia","body":"«Bottniska viken» is the Gulf of Bothnia, the northern arm of the Baltic Sea separating Sweden from Finland — the coastline Nils has been tracing since entering Norrland."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bottniska","lemma":"Bottniska","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies viken","gloss":"Bothnian"},{"surface":"viken","lemma":"vik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"bay"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"also"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch42-p3-s6","source":"Inemot land var den prickig av öar och tandad av uddar, men längre ut låg den klar och jämnblå som en sommarhimmel.","translation":"Close to the shore it was speckled with islands and jagged with headlands, but farther out it lay clear and even-blue like a summer sky.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inemot","lemma":"inemot","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies land","gloss":"close to"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of prickig","gloss":"shore","note":"One example uses land nautically to mean \"shore\" rather than \"country\"."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to prickig","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of prickig","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"prickig","lemma":"prickig","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"speckled"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking öar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"öar","lemma":"öar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies prickig","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tandad","lemma":"tandad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with öar","gloss":"jagged"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uddar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"uddar","lemma":"udd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies öar","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"längre","lemma":"länge","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ut","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with prickig","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"klar","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of låg","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jämnblå","lemma":"jämnblå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with klar","gloss":"even-blue"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommarhimmel","gloss":"like","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sommarhimmel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sommarhimmel","lemma":"sommarhimmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klar","gloss":"summer sky"}]},{"number":12,"label":"4","id":"ch42-p4-s1","source":"»Det här landet är likt en åbrädd, när det nyss har regnat och en mängd rännilar strömmar utför den och gräver opp fåror, som slingrar och kröker och löper samman,» tänkte pojken.","translation":"\"This land is like a sandy slope, when it has just rained and a host of little rivulets stream down it and dig out furrows that wind and bend and run together,\" thought the boy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"åbrädd","title":"«åbrädd» — a stream-cut slope","body":"An «åbrädd» is a steep bank or slope cut by a stream («å»). The boy compares Sweden's whole shape, seen from above, to such a rain-channeled hillside — one of the book's many geography lessons folded into a simile."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of landet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"landet","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of likt","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to likt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"likt","lemma":"likt","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of åbrädd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"åbrädd","lemma":"åbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of likt","gloss":"stream-cut slope"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of regnat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of regnat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nyss","lemma":"nyss","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies regnat","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of regnat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"regnat","lemma":"regna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on strömmar","gloss":"rained"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rännilar","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"rännilar","lemma":"rännil","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with regnat","gloss":"rivulets"},{"surface":"strömmar","lemma":"strömm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with likt","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on strömmar","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utför","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gräver","lemma":"gräva","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with utför","gloss":"digs"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gräver","gloss":"up","note":"Colloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'."},{"surface":"fåror","lemma":"fåra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gräver","gloss":"furrows"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of slingrar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"slingrar","lemma":"slingra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"relative clause on fåror","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kröker","lemma":"kröka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slingrar","gloss":"bends"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"löper","lemma":"löpa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kröker","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"samman","lemma":"samman","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on löper","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to strömmar","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch42-p4-s2","source":"»Och bra vackert är det att se på.","translation":"\"And it's very beautiful to look at.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bra vackert är det","title":"Fronted predicate, V2 order","body":"The sentence opens with the adjective phrase «bra vackert» ('quite beautiful') instead of the subject; Swedish's verb-second rule then forces «är» right after it, with the subject «det» pushed past the verb: 'beautiful is it', not 'it is beautiful'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bra","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to vackert","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vackert","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on vackert","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on se","gloss":"at"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch42-p4-s3","source":"Jag minns, att lappgubben på Skansen brukade säga, att Sverige i en olycklig stund hade blivit vänt opp och ner.","translation":"I remember that the old Lapp at Skansen used to say that Sweden, in an unlucky hour, had been turned upside down.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of minns","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"minns","lemma":"minnas","morphology":"verb, present, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembers"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brukade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lappgubben","lemma":"lappgubb","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"the old Lapp"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skansen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Skansen","lemma":"Skansen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies lappgubben","gloss":"Skansen"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of minns","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of brukade","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vänt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sverige","lemma":"Sverige","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of vänt","gloss":"Sweden"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"olycklig","lemma":"olycklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vänt","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vänt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"passive auxiliary of vänt","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"vänt","lemma":"vända","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of minns","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"opp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on vänt","gloss":"up","note":"Dialectal form of upp (\"up\"), mistagged as a noun by the parser."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with opp","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch42-p4-s4","source":"De andra skrattade åt honom, men han påstod, att om de bara hade sett hur grant det var oppe i norden, skulle de begripa, att det inte kunde ha varit meningen från första början, att ett sådant land skulle ligga så långt ur världen.","translation":"The others laughed at him, but he maintained that if they had only seen how splendid it was up in the north, they would understand that it could never have been intended, from the very beginning, that such a land should lie so far out of the world.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skrattade","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"skrattade","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skrattade","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of påstod","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"påstod","lemma":"påstod","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with skrattade","gloss":"maintained"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on påstod","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grant","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"grant","lemma":"grant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies oppe","gloss":"fine/splendid"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of oppe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to oppe","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"oppe","lemma":"oppe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of sett","gloss":"up there","note":"Colloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking norden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"norden","lemma":"nord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of oppe","gloss":"the north"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with skrattade","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of meningen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with meningen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies meningen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of meningen","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of meningen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to meningen","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"meningen","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking början","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies början","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"början","lemma":"början","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of meningen","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ligga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies land","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on meningen","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligga","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch42-p4-s5","source":"Och jag tror nästan, att han hade rätt i detta.»","translation":"And I almost think he was right about that.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tror","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hade","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"rätt","lemma":"rätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":17,"label":"5","id":"ch42-p5-s1","source":"När pojken hade sett sig nöjd på landskapet, lossade han ränseln från ryggen, tog fram ett stycke vitt, fint bröd och började äta.","translation":"When the boy had gazed his fill at the landscape, he loosened the knapsack from his back, took out a piece of white, fine bread, and began to eat.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sett sig nöjd","title":"Reflexive «se sig nöjd»","body":"«Se sig nöjd på ngt» ('to look at something to one's fill/satisfaction') uses the reflexive «sig»: literally 'seen oneself satisfied on the landscape' — the action folds back onto the subject rather than taking a direct object."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lossade","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"nöjd","lemma":"nöjd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of sett","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landskapet","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"landskapet","lemma":"landskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nöjd","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"lossade","lemma":"lossa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tog","gloss":"loosened"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lossade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ränseln","lemma":"ränsel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lossade","gloss":"knapsack"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ryggen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ryggen","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ränseln","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"vitt","lemma":"vi","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of tog","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"fint","lemma":"fin","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"bröd","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vitt","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"eat"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch42-p5-s2","source":"»Jag tror, att jag aldrig har smakat så gott bröd,» tänkte han.","translation":"\"I don't think I've ever tasted such good bread,\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of smakat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smakat","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smakat","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of smakat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"smakat","lemma":"smaka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"tasted"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"bröd","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of smakat","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with smakat","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch42-p5-s3","source":"»Och så mycket jag har sedan!","translation":"\"And I have so much left besides!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies har","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch42-p5-s4","source":"Det räcker i ett par dar till för mig.","translation":"It will last me a couple of days more.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of räcker","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"räcker","lemma":"räcka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will last"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"d","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of räcker","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on räcker","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mig","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mig","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of räcker","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch42-p5-s5","source":"Inte trodde jag i går vid det här laget, att jag skulle bli ägare till en sådan rikedom.»","translation":"I never thought yesterday, at this hour, that I would become the owner of such riches.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Inte trodde jag","title":"Negation fronted, V2 inversion","body":"Starting the sentence with «inte» ('not') for emphasis still obeys verb-second word order: the verb «trodde» comes right after it, and the subject «jag» is pushed to third position — 'not thought I', not 'I thought not'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"trodde","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of trodde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies trodde","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"går","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking laget","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of laget","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase det","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"laget","lemma":"lag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of går","gloss":"this hour"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bli","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bli","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of bli","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bli","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying laget","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ägare","lemma":"ägare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of bli","gloss":"owner"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rikedom","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rikedom","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rikedom","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"rikedom","lemma":"rikedom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bli","gloss":"wealth"}]},{"number":22,"label":"6","id":"ch42-p6-s1","source":"Medan han mumsade och åt, tänkte han på hur han hade fått brödet.","translation":"While he munched and ate, he thought about how he had gotten the bread.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mumsade","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of mumsade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mumsade","lemma":"mumsa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"munched"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"coordinated with mumsade","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fått","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tänkte","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"brödet","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"bread"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch42-p6-s2","source":"»Det är bestämt därför, att jag fick det på ett så vackert sätt, som jag tycker så mycket om att äta det,» sade han.","translation":"\"It's surely because I got it in such a beautiful way that I like eating it so much,\" he said.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tycker...om","title":"Particle verb «tycka om»","body":"«Tycka om» ('to like') is a particle verb: the particle «om» carries the meaning and can be stranded far from «tycker», as here — «jag tycker så mycket om att äta det» ('I like eating it so much') — rather than sitting right next to the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with bestämt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"är","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bestämt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bestämt","lemma":"bestämd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certainly","note":"Here used adverbially as 'bestämt' (certainly, surely), not the adjective 'definite'."},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bestämt","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fick","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on bestämt","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vackert","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"vackert","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sätt","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tycker","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tycker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tycker","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sätt","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tycker","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of äta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"äta","lemma":"äta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tycker","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of äta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to fick","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":24,"label":"7","id":"ch42-p7-s1","source":"Kungsörnen hade lämnat Medelpad redan förra kvällen, och knappt hade han farit över gränsen till Ångermanland, förrän pojken hade fått syn på en ådal och en älv, som voro så ståtliga, att de överglänste allt, vad han förut hade sett i den vägen.","translation":"The golden eagle had left Medelpad the evening before, and no sooner had he flown across the border into Ångermanland than the boy caught sight of a river valley and a river so magnificent that they outshone everything he had seen of the kind before.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"voro","title":"Archaic plural of «var»","body":"«Voro» is the plural preterite of «vara» ('to be'); it agrees with the plural subject «en ådal och en älv». Modern Swedish uses «var» for every subject, singular or plural."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Medelpad","title":"A neighboring province","body":"«Medelpad» is the province just south of Ångermanland, on Sweden's Baltic coast — Nils and the eagle are being tracked steadily northward, province by province."}],"words":[{"surface":"Kungsörnen","lemma":"kungsörn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lämnat","gloss":"golden eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lämnat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lämnat","lemma":"lämna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Medelpad","lemma":"Medelpad","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"direct object of lämnat","gloss":"Medelpad"},{"surface":"redan","lemma":"redan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kvällen","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"förra","lemma":"förra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kvällen","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"kvällen","lemma":"kväll","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lämnat","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"knappt","lemma":"knappt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lämnat","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gränsen","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"gränsen","lemma":"gräns","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of farit","gloss":"border"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ångermanland","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Ångermanland","lemma":"Ångermanland","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"modifies gränsen","gloss":"Ångermanland","note":"Swedish province name."},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lämnat","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ådal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ådal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ådal","lemma":"ådal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"river valley"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"älv","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ådal","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"relative clause on älv","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ståtliga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ståtliga","lemma":"ståtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of fått","gloss":"stately"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of överglänste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of överglänste","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"överglänste","lemma":"överglänste","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"outshone"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies överglänste","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase allt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on vad","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vägen","gloss":"of that kind"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of vägen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vägen","lemma":"väg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":25,"label":"8","id":"ch42-p8-s1","source":"Dalen hade legat så bred mellan åsarna, att pojken hade undrat om den inte en gång i tiden hade blivit utgrävd av en annan älv, som hade varit mycket större och bredare än den, som nu gick där.","translation":"The valley had lain so broad between the ridges that the boy wondered whether it had not once, in ages past, been carved out by another river, one that had been much larger and broader than the one now running there.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blivit utgrävd","title":"«bli» + past participle passive","body":"Swedish forms a passive two ways: the «-s» suffix, or, as here, «bli» + past participle — «blivit utgrävd» ('been dug/carved out'). The «bli»-passive tends to stress the resulting change of state rather than the bare action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of legat","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of legat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"legat","lemma":"legat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lain"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bred","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of legat","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"åsarna","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of legat","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of undrat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of undrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"undrat","lemma":"undra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on legat","gloss":"wondered"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gång","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of undrat","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiden","gloss":"in ages past"},{"surface":"tiden","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gång","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with legat","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"utgrävd","lemma":"utgrävd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"carved out"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älv","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies älv","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"älv","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies utgrävd","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of större","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of större","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to större","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies större","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"större","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"relative clause on älv","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bredare","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"coordinated with större","gloss":"broader"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of större","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch42-p8-s2","source":"Sedan dalen hade blivit färdig, måtte den på ett eller annat sätt ha blivit fylld med sand och jord, inte helt och hållet, men ett gott stycke uppåt bergen.","translation":"After the valley had been finished, it must somehow have been filled with sand and earth—not entirely, but for a good stretch up toward the mountains.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"färdig","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with färdig","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with ett","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blivit","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to blivit","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"fylld","lemma":"fylld","morphology":"verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominative","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sand","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sand","lemma":"sand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fylld","gloss":"sand"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jord","lemma":"jord","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with sand","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies helt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blivit","gloss":"entirely","note":"used in the fixed phrase 'helt och hållet' (entirely, completely)."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase helt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hållet","lemma":"hållen","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase helt","gloss":"entirely","note":"surface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction')."},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of stycke","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"stycke","lemma":"stycke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stycke","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"bergen","lemma":"berg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of uppåt","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch42-p8-s3","source":"Och genom denna lösa fyllningen hade den älven, som nu gick fram genom dalen, och som var mycket bred och vattenrik, den också, grävt sig en djup fåra.","translation":"And through this loose fill the river now running through the valley, which was very broad and full of water, had likewise dug itself a deep channel.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fyllningen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fyllningen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"lösa","lemma":"lösa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"modifies fyllningen","gloss":"loose","note":"In all four examples 'lösa' is the plural/definite form of the adjective 'lös' ('loose': lösa styltor, hundarna lösa, lösa pappersbladen/bladen), not the verb 'lösa' ('to solve'). The gloss 'to solve' does not match a single example."},{"surface":"fyllningen","lemma":"fyllning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the fill"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on älven","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bred","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to bred","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bred","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vattenrik","lemma":"vattenrik","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bred","gloss":"full of water"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on bred","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bred","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"grävt","lemma":"gräva","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with bred","gloss":"dug"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of grävt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of djup","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"djup","lemma":"djup","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fåra","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"fåra","lemma":"fåra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of grävt","gloss":"channel"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch42-p8-s4","source":"Den hade gjort sig präktigt tillskurna stränder: än var det mjuka sluttningar, som blommade så praktfullt, att det lyste rött, blått och gult ända upp till pojken, än sköto delar av strandvallen, som hade varit så hårda, att vattnet inte hade kunnat nöta bort dem, upp från älvbrädden som branta murar och torn.","translation":"It had cut itself splendidly shaped banks: here it was soft slopes that bloomed so magnificently that it glowed red, blue, and yellow all the way up to the boy; there parts of the bank wall, which had been so hard that the water had not been able to wear them away, shot up from the riverside like steep walls and towers.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sköto","title":"Archaic plural of «sköt»","body":"«Sköto» is the plural preterite of «skjuta» ('to shoot/thrust up'); the subject «delar av strandvallen» is plural, so 1906 Swedish still marks the verb — modern Swedish would simply use «sköt»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gjort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gjort","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gjort","lemma":"göra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"präktigt","lemma":"präktig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gjort","gloss":"splendidly"},{"surface":"tillskurna","lemma":"tillskurna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies stränder","gloss":"cut to shape"},{"surface":"stränder","lemma":"strände","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gjort","gloss":"banks"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies sluttningar","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sluttningar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sluttningar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mjuka","lemma":"mjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sluttningar","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"sluttningar","lemma":"sluttning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"in apposition to stränder","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of blommade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"blommade","lemma":"blomma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on sluttningar","gloss":"bloomed"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies praktfullt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"praktfullt","lemma":"praktfull","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies blommade","gloss":"splendidly"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lyste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lyste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lyste","lemma":"lysa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on blommade","gloss":"glowed"},{"surface":"rött","lemma":"rött","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of lyste","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"blått","lemma":"blå","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with rött","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gult","lemma":"gult","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with rött","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies upp","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on rött","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pojken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sköto","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"sköto","lemma":"sköto","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on lyste","gloss":"shot up","note":"Actually the past-plural of 'skjuta' (to shoot/push); mistagged as a supine."},{"surface":"delar","lemma":"del","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of lyste","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strandvallen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"strandvallen","lemma":"strandvall","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies delar","gloss":"shore bank"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hårda","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hårda","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to hårda","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hårda","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hårda","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on delar","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nöta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vattnet","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nöta","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nöta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nöta","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kunnat","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of nöta","gloss":"been able to"},{"surface":"nöta","lemma":"nöta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying delar","gloss":"wear away"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nöta","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of nöta","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nöta","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älvbrädden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"älvbrädden","lemma":"älvbrädd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"the riverbank"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of murar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"branta","lemma":"brant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies murar","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"murar","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of nöta","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"torn","lemma":"tor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with murar","gloss":"towers","note":"Plural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'."}]},{"number":29,"label":"9","id":"ch42-p9-s1","source":"Där pojken hade farit uppe i höjden, tyckte han, att han på en gång kunde se ner i tre olika slags världar.","translation":"Where the boy had traveled up in the heights, it seemed to him that he could see, all at once, down into three different kinds of worlds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on tyckte","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höjden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"höjden","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"height"},{"surface":"tyckte","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tyckte","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on se","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking världar","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies slags","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"olika","lemma":"olik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies slags","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"slags","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of världar","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"världar","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"worlds"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch42-p9-s2","source":"Längst nere i daldjupet, där älven gick fram, var en värld.","translation":"Farthest down in the depths of the valley, where the river ran, was one world.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Längst","lemma":"Längst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nere","gloss":"farthest"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking daldjupet","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"daldjupet","lemma":"daldjupet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"the valley depths"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on daldjupet","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gick","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to värld","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of värld","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"värld","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with nere","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch42-p9-s3","source":"Där flottades timmer, där styrde ångbåtar från brygga till brygga, där rasslade sågverken, där lastades stora fraktfartyg, där fångades lax, där roddes, där seglades, där flögo en massa svalor, som hade sina bon i älvbrinken.","translation":"There timber was rafted, there steamboats steered from landing to landing, there sawmills clattered, there great freight ships were loaded, there salmon were caught, there people rowed, there people sailed, there flew a host of swallows that had their nests in the riverbank.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"flottades / lastades / roddes","title":"The «-s» passive","body":"Verbs like «flottades» ('was rafted'), «lastades» ('was loaded'), «roddes» ('was rowed' → 'there was rowing') take the «-s» ending to form the passive — Swedish's most compact way to describe an action without naming who does it."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Där flottades / Där styrde","title":"«där» fronted, V-S inversion","body":"Each clause opens with «där» ('there') as the whole point of the list; verb-second word order then puts the verb right after it and the subject afterward — «där flottades timmer», not «timmer flottades där» — building a driving, anaphoric rhythm."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flottades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"flottades","lemma":"flotta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"depends on flögo","gloss":"was rafted"},{"surface":"timmer","lemma":"timmer","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of passive flottades","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies styrde","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"styrde","lemma":"styra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on timmer","gloss":"steered"},{"surface":"ångbåtar","lemma":"ångbåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of styrde","gloss":"steamboats"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brygga","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"brygga","lemma":"brygga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of styrde","gloss":"pier"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on styrde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"brygga","lemma":"brygga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"pier"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rasslade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"rasslade","lemma":"rassla","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sågverken","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"sågverken","lemma":"sågverke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of styrde","gloss":"sawmills"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lastades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lastades","lemma":"lastadea","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on sågverken","gloss":"were loaded"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies fraktfartyg","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"fraktfartyg","lemma":"fraktfartyg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of passive lastades","gloss":"freight ships"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fångades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fångades","lemma":"fånga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on sågverken","gloss":"were caught"},{"surface":"lax","lemma":"lax","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive fångades","gloss":"salmon"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of passive roddes","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"roddes","lemma":"roda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on lax","gloss":"people rowed"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seglades","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"seglades","lemma":"seglada","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on roddes","gloss":"people sailed"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of massa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"massa","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies svalor","gloss":"a mass of"},{"surface":"svalor","lemma":"svala","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of flögo","gloss":"swallows"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on svalor","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of bon","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bon","lemma":"bo","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"nests"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älvbrinken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"älvbrinken","lemma":"älvbrink","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"the riverbank"}]},{"number":32,"label":"10","id":"ch42-p10-s1","source":"Men en våning högre upp i dalen, så att säga, på den släta marken, som utbredde sig ända bort till bergkanten, där var en annan värld.","translation":"But one story higher up in the valley, so to speak, on the flat ground that spread out all the way to the edge of the mountains, there was another world.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of våning","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"våning","lemma":"våning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"högre","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies upp","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies våning","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on våning","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of marken","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"släta","lemma":"slät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies våning","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of utbredde","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"utbredde","lemma":"utbre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on marken","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of utbredde","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bort","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utbredde","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergkanten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bergkanten","lemma":"bergkant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of utbredde","gloss":"mountain edge"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of värld","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to värld","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of värld","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies värld","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"värld","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to marken","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch42-p10-s2","source":"Där lågo gårdar, byar och kyrkor, där sådde bönderna sina tegar, där betade boskap, där grönskade ängar, där sysslade kvinnorna i sina små kålgårdar, där slingrade landsvägar, där brusade järnvägståg.","translation":"There lay farms, villages, and churches; there farmers sowed their strips of field; there cattle grazed; there meadows grew green; there women worked in their small kitchen gardens; there country roads wound; there railway trains rumbled.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lågo","title":"Archaic plural of «låg»","body":"«Lågo» is the plural preterite of «ligga» ('to lie'), agreeing with the plural «gårdar, byar och kyrkor». This whole chapter leans on such old plural verb forms — a hallmark of 1906 literary Swedish that the 20th-century language reform later abolished."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gårdar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies gårdar","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"gårdar","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"farms"},{"surface":"byar","lemma":"byar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gårdar","gloss":"villages"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kyrkor","lemma":"kyrka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gårdar","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sådde","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sådde","lemma":"sådde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on gårdar","gloss":"sowed"},{"surface":"bönderna","lemma":"bönderna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sådde","gloss":"the farmers"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of tegar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"tegar","lemma":"teg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sådde","gloss":"field strips"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"betade","lemma":"beta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on tegar","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"boskap","lemma":"boskap","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of betade","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ängar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"grönskade","lemma":"grönska","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ängar","gloss":"grew green"},{"surface":"ängar","lemma":"äng","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of betade","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sysslade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sysslade","lemma":"syssla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ängar","gloss":"was busy"},{"surface":"kvinnorna","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sysslade","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kålgårdar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of kålgårdar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kålgårdar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"kålgårdar","lemma":"kålgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sysslade","gloss":"kitchen gardens"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies landsvägar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"slingrade","lemma":"slingra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies landsvägar","gloss":"wound","note":"Past tense of the verb 'slingra' (to wind/wander); mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"landsvägar","lemma":"landsväg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with ängar","gloss":"highways"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies brusade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"brusade","lemma":"brusa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on landsvägar","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"järnvägståg","lemma":"järnvägståg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of brusade","gloss":"railway trains"}]},{"number":34,"label":"11","id":"ch42-p11-s1","source":"Och så bortom allt detta, uppe på de skogbeväxta åsarna, såg han den tredje världen.","translation":"And then, beyond all this, up on the forest-grown ridges, he saw the third world.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detta","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"bortom","lemma":"bortom","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of detta","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detta","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsarna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of åsarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"skogbeväxta","lemma":"skogbeväxta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies åsarna","gloss":"forest-covered"},{"surface":"åsarna","lemma":"åsarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"the ridges"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked')."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of världen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tredje","lemma":"tre","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies världen","gloss":"third","note":"Surface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'."},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of såg","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch42-p11-s2","source":"Där lågo tjäderhönor på ägg, där stodo älgarna gömda i de täta snåren, där lurade lodjuren, där knaprade ekorrarna, där doftade barren, där stod blåbärsriset i blom, där slogo trastarna.","translation":"There capercaillie hens sat on eggs, there elk stood hidden in the dense thickets, there lynx lay in wait, there squirrels gnawed, there the pine needles gave off their scent, there the blueberry brush stood in bloom, there thrushes sang.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tjäderhönor / lodjuren","title":"Forest wildlife","body":"«Tjäder» (capercaillie) and «lodjur» (lynx) are icons of the deep Swedish forest, both still present in Norrland's woods today; the boy's three 'worlds' — river, farmland, wild ridge — sketch Sweden's whole ecology in miniature."}],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tjäderhönor","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lågo","lemma":"lågo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, comparative","role":"modifies tjäderhönor","gloss":"lay","note":"Archaic plural past tense of ligga (\"to lie\"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"tjäderhönor","lemma":"tjäderhöna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of gömda","gloss":"capercaillie hens"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ägg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ägg","lemma":"ägg","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies tjäderhönor","gloss":"egg"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stodo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ägg","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"älgarna","lemma":"älg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"moose"},{"surface":"gömda","lemma":"gömed","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking snåren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of snåren","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"täta","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies snåren","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"snåren","lemma":"snåre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gömda","gloss":"thicket"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lurade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lurade","lemma":"lura","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on snåren","gloss":"lay in wait"},{"surface":"lodjuren","lemma":"lodjure","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of lurade","gloss":"lynxes"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ekorrarna","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"knaprade","lemma":"knapra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ekorrarna","gloss":"gnawed"},{"surface":"ekorrarna","lemma":"ekorrarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of lurade","gloss":"the squirrels"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doftade","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"doftade","lemma":"dofta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on ekorrarna","gloss":"gave off scent"},{"surface":"barren","lemma":"barr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of doftade","gloss":"needles","note":"Pine/spruce needles, not sewing needles."},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on gömda","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"blåbärsriset","lemma":"blåbärsris","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the blueberry brush"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blom","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"blom","lemma":"blom","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"bloom"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slogo","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"slogo","lemma":"slogo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"sang","note":"Archaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense."},{"surface":"trastarna","lemma":"trastarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of slogo","gloss":"the thrushes"}]},{"number":36,"label":"12","id":"ch42-p12-s1","source":"När pojken hade fått se den rika ådalen, hade han börjat jämra sig över att han kände sig hungrig.","translation":"When the boy had gotten a good look at the rich river valley, he had begun to lament that he felt hungry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"jämra sig","title":"Reflexive-only verb","body":"«Jämra sig» ('to lament/moan') only exists in its reflexive form — there is no plain «jämra» without «sig». Many Swedish verbs of complaining or bodily action are built this way."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"gotten a look","note":"\"hade alltid fått lära sig\" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction (\"had always been taught\"), a distinct sense from the permissive \"gotten to\" readings in the other examples."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on börjat","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ådalen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rika","lemma":"rik","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies ådalen","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ådalen","lemma":"ådal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"river valley"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of börjat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of börjat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"börjat","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"jämra","lemma":"jämra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies börjat","gloss":"to lament"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of börjat","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of kände","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kände","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kände","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on börjat","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hungrig","lemma":"hungrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of kände","gloss":"hungry"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch42-p12-s2","source":"Han hade inte fått något till livs på två hela dar, sade han, och nu var han alldeles utsvulten.","translation":"He had not had a bite to eat in two whole days, he said, and now he was utterly famished.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"a bite"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking livs","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"livs","lemma":"livs","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"something to eat","note":"Used in the expression få något till livs, meaning to get something to eat."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"två","lemma":"två","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"quantifies dar","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies dar","gloss":"whole/all"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"d","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"sade","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to fått","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fått","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utsvulten","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"utsvulten","lemma":"utsvult","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of var","gloss":"famished"}]},{"number":38,"label":"13","id":"ch42-p13-s1","source":"Gorgo ville nog inte, att det skulle sägas, att pojken for sämre, när han följde med honom, än när han reste med vildgässen, och han hade genast saktat farten.","translation":"Gorgo certainly did not want it said that the boy fared worse when traveling with him than when he traveled with the wild geese, and he had at once slackened his speed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"skulle sägas","title":"The «-s» passive of «säga»","body":"«Skulle sägas» ('should/would be said') is the «-s» passive of «säga»; Gorgo's pride is at stake — he doesn't want anyone able to *say* the boy travels worse with him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gorgo","lemma":"Gorgo","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"subject of saktat","gloss":"Gorgo","note":"Proper name of an eagle character."},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to Gorgo","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Gorgo","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Gorgo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sägas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with sägas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sägas","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"sägas","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, passive, infinitive","role":"depends on Gorgo","gloss":"to be said"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of följde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"for","lemma":"for","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sämre","gloss":"went","note":"Mistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'."},{"surface":"sämre","lemma":"dålig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pojken","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of följde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of följde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"följde","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on Gorgo","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of följde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reste","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reste","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of reste","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"resa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on Gorgo","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vildgässen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vildgässen","lemma":"vildgässe","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of reste","gloss":"the wild geese","note":"attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of saktat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saktat","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"saktat","lemma":"sakta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slackened"},{"surface":"farten","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of saktat","gloss":"speed"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch42-p13-s2","source":"»Varför har du inte talat om detta förut?» hade han sagt.","translation":"\"Why haven't you spoken of this before?\" he had said.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hade...sagt","title":"Pluperfect: «hade» + supine","body":"«Hade...sagt» is the pluperfect — the imperfect of «ha» plus the supine «sagt» — marking that Gorgo's words came before the moment now being narrated. The whole scene is told in this layered past-of-the-past, since the eagle has already flown on by the time the boy retells it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Varför","lemma":"varför","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies talat","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of talat","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of talat","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies talat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"talat","lemma":"tala","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"depends on »","gloss":"talked"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of talat","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detta","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch42-p13-s3","source":"»Du ska få så mycket mat du vill ha.","translation":"\"You shall have as much food as you want.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of få","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of få","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mat","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of få","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on mat","gloss":"to have"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch42-p13-s4","source":"Inte behöver du svälta, när du har en örn till reskamrat.»","translation":"You needn't go hungry when you have an eagle for a travel companion.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies svälta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behöver","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of svälta","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of svälta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"svälta","lemma":"svälta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to starve"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of har","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of har","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"har","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on svälta","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of örn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"örn","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of har","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reskamrat","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"reskamrat","lemma":"reskamrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies örn","gloss":"traveling companion"}]},{"number":42,"label":"14","id":"ch42-p14-s1","source":"Strax därpå hade örnen fått syn på en bonde, som hade gått och sått en åker helt nära älvstranden.","translation":"Just after that the eagle had caught sight of a farmer who had gone out and sown a field close by the riverbank.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Strax","lemma":"strax","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies därpå","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"därpå","lemma":"därpå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"then/after that"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"syn","lemma":"syn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bonde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bonde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bonde","lemma":"bonde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fått","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on bonde","gloss":"gone out"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sått","lemma":"så","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"sown"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of åker","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"åker","lemma":"åka","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bonde","gloss":"field","note":"Mislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested."},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nära","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies älvstranden","gloss":"close by","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"älvstranden","lemma":"älvstrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bonde","gloss":"riverbank"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch42-p14-s2","source":"Karlen bar kornet i en korg, som han hade hängande framför bröstet, och var gång den var tömd, hämtade han nytt utsäde ur en säck, som stod vid åkerrenen.","translation":"The man carried the grain in a basket that he had hanging in front of his chest, and every time it was empty, he fetched new seed from a sack that stood at the edge of the field.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Karlen","lemma":"Karlen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"ba","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried","note":"Tagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära (\"carried\"), not the present."},{"surface":"kornet","lemma":"korn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of bar","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking korg","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of korg","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"korg","lemma":"korg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bar","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on korg","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hängande","lemma":"hängande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"hanging"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bröstet","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"bröstet","lemma":"bröst","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tömd","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tömd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tömd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tömd","lemma":"tömd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bar","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"hämtade","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tömd","gloss":"fetched"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hämtade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies utsäde","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"utsäde","lemma":"utsäde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hämtade","gloss":"seed"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking säck","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of säck","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"säck","lemma":"säck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hämtade","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on säck","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åkerrenen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"åkerrenen","lemma":"åkerren","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stod","gloss":"the field edge"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch42-p14-s3","source":"Örnen hade räknat ut,","translation":"The eagle had reckoned","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räknat","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of räknat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"räknat","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reckoned"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on räknat","gloss":"reckon"}]},{"number":45,"label":"15","id":"ch42-p15-s1","source":"att den där säcken stod fylld av den bästa mat, som pojken kunde önska sig, och han hade sänkt sig ner emot den.","translation":"that that very sack stood filled with the best food the boy could wish for, and he had swooped down toward it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fylld","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive fylld","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"säcken","lemma":"säck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fylld","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"fylld","lemma":"fylld","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mat","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mat","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bästa","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies mat","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"agent of fylld","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of önska","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of önska","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of önska","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"önska","lemma":"önska","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on mat","gloss":"to wish"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of önska","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sänkt","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with fylld","gloss":"lowered","note":"Often of a bird swooping down."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkt","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sänkt","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":46,"label":"16","id":"ch42-p16-s1","source":"Men innan örnen ännu hade nått till marken, hade det uppstått ett förfärligt larm omkring dem.","translation":"But before the eagle had yet reached the ground, a terrible clamor had arisen around them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nått","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nått","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nått","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nått","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on uppstått","gloss":"reached","note":"Supine of nå ('to reach')."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nått","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of uppstått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with uppstått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"uppstått","lemma":"uppstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arisen"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of larm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"förfärligt","lemma":"förfärlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies larm","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"larm","lemma":"larm","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of uppstått","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"omkring","lemma":"omkring","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of uppstått","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch42-p16-s2","source":"Det var kråkor, och det var sparvar, och det var svalor, som hade skyndat till under häftigt skrikande, i tanke att örnen ämnade slå ner på någon fågel.","translation":"It was crows, and it was sparrows, and it was swallows, that had rushed up shrieking fiercely, thinking that the eagle intended to strike down some bird.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"kråkor","lemma":"kråka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"depends on var","gloss":"crows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sparvar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sparvar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sparvar","lemma":"sparvar","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"sparrows"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of svalor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to svalor","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"svalor","lemma":"svala","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with var","gloss":"swallows"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skyndat","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skyndat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skyndat","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on svalor","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on skyndat","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skrikande","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"häftigt","lemma":"häftig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skrikande","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"skrikande","lemma":"skrikande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"oblique complement of skyndat","gloss":"screeching"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ämnade","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"tanke","lemma":"tanke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ämnade","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"ämnade","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on slå","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with skyndat","gloss":"strike down"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fågel","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågel","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"bird"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch42-p16-s3","source":"»Bort, bort, rövare!","translation":"\"Away, away, robber!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bort","lemma":"Bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Bort","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"rövare","lemma":"rövare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Bort","gloss":"robber"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch42-p16-s4","source":"Bort, bort, fågeldödare!» hade de ropat.","translation":"Away, away, bird-killer!\" they had cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Bort","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"fågeldödare","lemma":"fågeldödare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Bort","gloss":"bird-killer"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ropat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ropat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ropat","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch42-p16-s5","source":"De hade fört ett sådant väsen, att bonden hade blivit uppmärksam på det och skyndat fram.","translation":"They had made such a commotion that the farmer had taken notice of it and come running.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fört","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fört","lemma":"föra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of väsen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies väsen","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"väsen","lemma":"väsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fört","gloss":"a commotion"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blivit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bonden","lemma":"bond","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"farmer","note":"lemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clause modifying väsen","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"uppmärksam","lemma":"uppmärksam","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"aware"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking det","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of blivit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"skyndat","lemma":"skyndaa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with blivit","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skyndat","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch42-p16-s6","source":"Då hade örnen måst fly.","translation":"Then the eagle had been forced to flee.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies måst","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of måst","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of måst","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"måst","lemma":"måst","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"fly","lemma":"fly","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of måst","gloss":"to flee"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch42-p16-s7","source":"Pojken hade inte fått ett enda korn.","translation":"The boy had not gotten a single grain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fått","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of korn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enda","lemma":"enda","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies korn","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"korn","lemma":"korn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"grain"}]},{"number":53,"label":"17","id":"ch42-p17-s1","source":"Det hade varit rent märkvärdigt med småfåglarna.","translation":"It had been downright remarkable, the way of the small birds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of märkvärdigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of märkvärdigt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigt","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"rent","lemma":"ren","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"purely"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking småfåglarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"småfåglarna","lemma":"småfåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of märkvärdigt","gloss":"the little birds"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch42-p17-s2","source":"De hade inte bara tvungit örnen att fly, utan de hade också förföljt honom en lång sträcka uppåt dalgången, och överallt hade människorna hört deras rop.","translation":"They had not only forced the eagle to flee, but they had also pursued him a long stretch up the valley, and everywhere the people had heard their cries.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tvungit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tvungit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tvungit","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"tvungit","lemma":"tvun","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forced"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tvungit","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fly","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fly","lemma":"fly","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tvungit","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of förföljt","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förföljt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förföljt","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"förföljt","lemma":"förfölja","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tvungit","gloss":"pursued"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of förföljt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sträcka","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sträcka","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"sträcka","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of förföljt","gloss":"stretch"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking dalgången","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"dalgången","lemma":"dalgång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sträcka","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"överallt","lemma":"överallt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tvungit","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of rop","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"rop","lemma":"rop","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hört","gloss":"cry"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch42-p17-s3","source":"Kvinnorna hade kommit ut på gårdarna och klappat i händerna, så att det hade smattrat som gevärssalvor, och karlarna hade rusat ut med bössa i hand.","translation":"The women had come out into the farmyards and clapped their hands until it crackled like gunfire volleys, and the men had rushed out with rifles in hand.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Kvinnorna","lemma":"Kvinnorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"the women"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdarna","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"gårdarna","lemma":"gårdarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klappat","lemma":"klappat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with kommit","gloss":"clapped"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking händerna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"händerna","lemma":"händere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of klappat","gloss":"the hands","note":"Lemma is a corrupted form; the word is 'händerna' (the hands)."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of smattrat","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with smattrat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of smattrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"smattrat","lemma":"smattra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on kommit","gloss":"crackled"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gevärssalvor","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"gevärssalvor","lemma":"gevärssalvor","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"complement of smattrat","gloss":"rifle volleys"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"karlarna","lemma":"karlarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of rusat","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of rusat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"rusat","lemma":"rusa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with smattrat","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rusat","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bössa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bössa","lemma":"bössa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rusat","gloss":"gun"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies bössa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":56,"label":"18","id":"ch42-p18-s1","source":"På samma sätt hade det gått, var gång örnen hade sänkt sig ner mot marken.","translation":"It had gone the same way every time the eagle swooped down toward the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sätt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"samma","lemma":"samma","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of sätt","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"sätt","lemma":"sätt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gått","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gått","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sänkt","gloss":"was","note":"the surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun."},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase var","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkt","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sänkt","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with gått","gloss":"lowered","note":"Often of a bird swooping down."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkt","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch42-p18-s2","source":"Pojken hade övergivit hoppet, att örnen skulle kunna skaffa honom någon mat.","translation":"The boy had given up hope that the eagle would be able to get him any food.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of övergivit","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of övergivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"övergivit","lemma":"övergivit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"hoppet","lemma":"hopp","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of övergivit","gloss":"hope","note":"Two distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skaffa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skaffa","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skaffa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of skaffa","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"skaffa","lemma":"skaffa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on övergivit","gloss":"to get"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of skaffa","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"någon","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mat","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of skaffa","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch42-p18-s3","source":"Han hade aldrig förr tänkt på att Gorgo var så hatad och avskydd.","translation":"He had never before thought that Gorgo was so hated and despised.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hatad","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hatad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Gorgo","lemma":"Gorgo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hatad","gloss":"Gorgo"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hatad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hatad","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hatad","lemma":"hatad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"avskydd","lemma":"avskydd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with hatad","gloss":"despised"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch42-p18-s4","source":"Han hade nästan tyckt, att det var synd om honom.","translation":"He had almost felt sorry for him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"synd om","title":"«synd om» — to feel sorry for","body":"«Det är synd om honom» literally 'it is a pity/sin about him', is the standard idiom for 'I feel sorry for him' — «synd» here means 'a pity', not 'sin' in the religious sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tyckt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tyckt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nästan","lemma":"nästan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tyckt","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"tyckt","lemma":"tycka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of synd","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of synd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to synd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"synd","lemma":"synd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tyckt","gloss":"sorry"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of synd","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":60,"label":"19","id":"ch42-p19-s1","source":"Om en stund hade de kommit farande över en stor bondgård, där matmodern måtte ha haft bak för sig under dagen.","translation":"After a while they had come flying over a large farm, where the farmwife must have been baking that day.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"haft bak för sig","title":"«bak» as a noun for baking","body":"Here «bak» is not the preposition 'back' but an old noun meaning 'a session of baking' — «ha bak för sig» = 'to have been at one's baking', i.e. spent the day baking bread."}],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"farande","lemma":"farande","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kommit","gloss":"rushing along","note":"present participle of fara (to travel), used adjectivally: 'came rushing/flying along.'"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bondgård","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bondgård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bondgård","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"bondgård","lemma":"bondgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"matmodern","lemma":"matmodern","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of haft","gloss":"the mistress","note":"the woman/housewife who feeds the animals of a farm."},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies haft","gloss":"must","note":"Modal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may)."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of haft","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"haft","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on bondgård","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bak","lemma":"bak","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on haft","gloss":"baking","note":"Usually the adverb 'at the back', but in ch42-p19 'ha bak för sig' means 'to be baking'."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of haft","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dagen","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"dagen","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of haft","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch42-p19-s2","source":"Hon hade nu satt ut en plåt nygräddade bullar på gårdsplanen till att svalna och stod bredvid dem och vaktade, för att inte katten eller hunden skulle stjäla bort dem.","translation":"She had now set out a tray of freshly baked buns on the farmyard to cool, and stood beside them keeping watch, so that neither the cat nor the dog should steal them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of satt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sätta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on satt","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of plåt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plåt","lemma":"plåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"nygräddade","lemma":"nygrädda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies bullar","gloss":"freshly baked"},{"surface":"bullar","lemma":"bull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"buns"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdsplanen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gårdsplanen","lemma":"gårdsplan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of svalna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of svalna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"svalna","lemma":"svalna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"cool"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with svalna","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stod","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vaktade","lemma":"vaktad","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"kept watch"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of stjäla","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies katten","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"katten","lemma":"katte","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stjäla","gloss":"the cat"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hunden","lemma":"hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with katten","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stjäla","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"stjäla","lemma":"stjäla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on satt","gloss":"to steal"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stjäla","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of stjäla","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":62,"label":"20","id":"ch42-p20-s1","source":"Örnen hade sänkt sig ner över gården, men han hade inte vågat slå ner mittför ögonen på bondkvinnan.","translation":"The eagle had swooped down over the farm, but he had not dared strike right before the eyes of the farmwife.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sänkt","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sänkt","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lowered","note":"Often of a bird swooping down."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of sänkt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sänkt","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gården","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"gården","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vågat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vågat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vågat","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vågat","lemma":"våga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with sänkt","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"slå","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of vågat","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slå","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mittför","lemma":"mittför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonen","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of slå","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bondkvinnan","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bondkvinnan","lemma":"bondkvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ögonen","gloss":"the farmwife"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch42-p20-s2","source":"Han hade farit fram och tillbaka helt rådvill.","translation":"He had flown back and forth quite at a loss.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of farit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of farit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"farit","lemma":"fara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rådvill","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"rådvill","lemma":"rådvill","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of farit","gloss":"at a loss"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch42-p20-s3","source":"Ett par gånger hade han varit så långt nere som till skorstenen, men så hade han höjt sig på nytt.","translation":"A couple of times he had been down as low as the chimney, but then he had risen again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of varit","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to nere","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nere","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skorstenen","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skorstenen","gloss":"as low as"},{"surface":"skorstenen","lemma":"skorsten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"chimney"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höjt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of höjt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höjt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"höjt","lemma":"höjt","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with nere","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höjt","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nytt","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"nytt","lemma":"ny","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of höjt","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":65,"label":"21","id":"ch42-p21-s1","source":"Men nu hade bondhustrun lagt märke till örnen.","translation":"But now the farmwife had noticed the eagle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lagt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lagt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bondhustrun","lemma":"bondhustrun","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lagt","gloss":"the farmwife"},{"surface":"lagt","lemma":"lägga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"märke","lemma":"märke","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lagt","gloss":"notice","note":"Both attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking örnen","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of lagt","gloss":"eagle"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch42-p21-s2","source":"Hon hade lyft huvudet och följt honom med blickarna.","translation":"She had lifted her head and followed him with her eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lyft","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of lyft","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lyft","lemma":"lyft","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"huvudet","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lyft","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"följt","lemma":"följa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with lyft","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of följt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blickarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"blickarna","lemma":"blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of följt","gloss":"glances"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch42-p21-s3","source":"»Vad den där bär sig besynnerligt åt!» hade hon sagt.","translation":"\"How oddly that one is behaving!\" she had said.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bär sig...åt","title":"Particle verb «bära sig åt»","body":"«Bära sig åt» ('to behave, go about doing something') is a reflexive particle verb; its particle «åt» is stranded at the end of the exclamation, well separated from «bär sig» — a common Swedish word-order pattern."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sagt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bär","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"bär","lemma":"bära","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"is behaving","note":"Three of the four examples use the idiom 'bär sig åt' ('manages, behaves, goes about it'), distinct from the literal carrying sense in ch33-p35-s4 ('bär på sin rygg')."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bär","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"besynnerligt","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of bär","gloss":"strangely"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bär","gloss":"in that way"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch42-p21-s4","source":"»Jag tror, att den vill ha en av mina vetebullar.»","translation":"\"I believe he wants one of my wheat buns.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tror","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tror","lemma":"tro","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ha","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vill","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of tror","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vetebullar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mina","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of vetebullar","gloss":"my","note":"This entry is really the possessive \"mina\" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag."},{"surface":"vetebullar","lemma":"vetebull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies en","gloss":"wheat buns"}]},{"number":69,"label":"22","id":"ch42-p22-s1","source":"Det hade varit en så vacker kvinna, hög och ljus, med ett glatt och öppet ansikte.","translation":"She had been such a beautiful woman, tall and fair, with a glad, open face.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kvinna","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kvinna","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to kvinna","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kvinna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vacker","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"vacker","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kvinna","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"kvinna","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kvinna","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ljus","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with kvinna","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glatt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of glatt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"glatt","lemma":"glatt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of kvinna","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"öppet","lemma":"öppen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ansikte","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"ansikte","lemma":"ansikte","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with glatt","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch42-p22-s2","source":"Hon hade skrattat helt hjärtligt, tagit en bulle från plåten och hållit upp den över sitt huvud.","translation":"She had laughed quite heartily, taken a bun from the tray, and held it up over her head.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skrattat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skrattat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"skrattat","lemma":"skratta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"helt","lemma":"helt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hjärtligt","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"hjärtligt","lemma":"hjärtlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies skrattat","gloss":"heartily"},{"surface":"tagit","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with skrattat","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bulle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bulle","lemma":"bulle","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tagit","gloss":"bun"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plåten","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"plåten","lemma":"plåt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bulle","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hållit","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tagit","gloss":"held","note":"Surface \"hållit\" spans several idioms in this book: literal \"held\" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), \"hållit ut\" (held out/endured), \"hållit på\" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and \"hållit sig\" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of \"held\" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hållit","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hållit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huvud","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of huvud","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"huvud","lemma":"huvud","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hållit","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch42-p22-s3","source":"»Vill du ha den, så kom och ta den!» hade hon sagt.","translation":"\"If you want it, then come and take it!\" she had said.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vill","lemma":"Vill","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ha","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ha","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ha","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to ha","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sagt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sagt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sagt","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":72,"label":"23","id":"ch42-p23-s1","source":"Örnen hade nog inte förstått hennes ord, men han hade ändå genast begripit, att hon ville ge honom bullen.","translation":"The eagle had probably not understood her words, but he had all the same grasped at once that she meant to give him the bun.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Örnen","lemma":"Örnen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstått","gloss":"the eagle"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstått","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies förstått","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"förstått","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"hennes","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of ord","gloss":"her","note":"possessive form hennes of the pronoun hon."},{"surface":"ord","lemma":"ord","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of förstått","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ändå","lemma":"ändå","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripit","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripit","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"begripit","lemma":"begripit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with förstått","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ge","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ge","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on begripit","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of ge","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"bullen","lemma":"bull","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"the bun"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch42-p23-s2","source":"I ilande fart hade han skjutit ner mot brödet, gripit det och flytt mot höjden.","translation":"In swift flight he had shot down toward the bread, seized it, and fled toward the heights.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fart","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ilande","lemma":"ilande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies fart","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"fart","lemma":"fart","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of skjutit","gloss":"speed"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of skjutit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of skjutit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skjutit","lemma":"skjutit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shot down","note":"ch16-p5-s1 'skjutit till spjället' = 'closed the damper' — this is the separable-verb idiom 'skjuta till' (push shut), not 'to shoot'."},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skjutit","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brödet","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"brödet","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of skjutit","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"gripit","lemma":"gripia","morphology":"verb, passive, supine","role":"coordinated with skjutit","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with gripit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flytt","lemma":"flytt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with gripit","gloss":"fled","note":"supine of the verb fly (to flee), used with hade; mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höjden","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"höjden","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gripit","gloss":"height"}]},{"number":74,"label":"24","id":"ch42-p24-s1","source":"När pojken hade sett örnen rycka till sig brödet, hade han fått tårar i ögonen.","translation":"When the boy had seen the eagle snatch up the bread, he had gotten tears in his eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"rycka till sig","title":"Particle verb «rycka till sig»","body":"«Rycka till sig ngt» ('to snatch/grab something for oneself') combines the reflexive «sig» with the particle «till»: the bread is pulled toward and onto the eagle himself, not merely 'grabbed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sett","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on fått","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"rycka","lemma":"rycka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of sett","gloss":"pull/snatch"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of rycka","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"brödet","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of rycka","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fått","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fått","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gotten"},{"surface":"tårar","lemma":"tåra","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of fått","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ögonen","lemma":"ögonen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of tårar","gloss":"the eyes"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch42-p24-s2","source":"Han hade inte gråtit av glädje, därför att han skulle slippa hungra ett par dar, utan han hade blivit rörd över att bondhustrun hade gett bort sitt bröd till den vilda rovfågeln.","translation":"He had not wept for joy, because he would be spared going hungry for a couple of days, but because he had been moved that the farmwife had given away her bread to the wild bird of prey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gråtit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gråtit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies gråtit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gråtit","lemma":"gråtit","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glädje","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"glädje","lemma":"glädje","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies gråtit","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of slippa","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slippa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slippa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"slippa","lemma":"slippa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on gråtit","gloss":"be spared/avoid"},{"surface":"hungra","lemma":"hungra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of slippa","gloss":"to go hungry"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of par","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dar","gloss":"couple"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"d","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of hungra","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blivit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of blivit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"blivit","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on gråtit","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"rörd","lemma":"rör","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blivit","gloss":"moved","note":"Emotionally moved/touched, not physically stirred."},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gett","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bondhustrun","lemma":"bondhustrun","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gett","gloss":"the farmwife"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of gett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gett","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on rörd","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gett","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of bröd","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"bröd","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gett","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rovfågeln","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rovfågeln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies rovfågeln","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"rovfågeln","lemma":"rovfågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"bird of prey"}]},{"number":76,"label":"25","id":"ch42-p25-s1","source":"Och där han nu satt i talltoppen, kunde han, när han ville, se för sig den höga, ljusa kvinnan, sådan hon hade stått på gårdsplanen och sträckt upp brödet.","translation":"And as he now sat in the pine top, he could, whenever he wished, picture before him the tall, fair woman, just as she had stood on the farmyard and reached up the bread.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking talltoppen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"talltoppen","lemma":"talltopp","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satt","gloss":"the pine top"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ville","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ville","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"vilja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of se","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kvinnan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kvinnan","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ljusa","lemma":"ljus","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kvinnan","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"kvinnan","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"depends on stått","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stått","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stått","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"parallel clause to se","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gårdsplanen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gårdsplanen","lemma":"gårdsplan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stått","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sträckt","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with stått","gloss":"reached up","note":"ch19-p39-s1 'hade sträckt fram och åter över sjön' = 'had flown back and forth over the lake' (bird-flight idiom), distinct from the physical-stretching sense in the other examples."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sträckt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"brödet","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sträckt","gloss":"bread"}]},{"number":77,"label":"26","id":"ch42-p26-s1","source":"Hon hade nog vetat, att den stora fågeln var en kungsörn, en rövare, som människorna brukade hälsa med skarpa skott, och hon hade väl också sett den besynnerliga bytingen, som den bar på sin rygg, men hon hade inte tänkt på vilka de voro, utan så snart hon hade förstått, att de voro hungriga, hade hon delat med sig av sitt goda bröd.","translation":"She had probably known that the great bird was a golden eagle, a robber that people usually greeted with sharp shots, and she had likely also seen the strange little creature it carried on its back, but she had not thought about who they were; rather, as soon as she had understood that they were hungry, she had shared her good bread with them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bytingen","title":"«byting» — a changeling","body":"A «byting» is a changeling — a fairy-tale being swapped for a human child — used here loosely for the tiny, strange rider on the eagle's back. It shows how ordinary people who glimpse Nils read his shrunken, elf-like form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vetat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vetat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vetat","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"vetat","lemma":"vetada","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kungsörn","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fågeln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies fågeln","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"fågeln","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kungsörn","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kungsörn","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kungsörn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kungsörn","lemma":"kungsörn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of vetat","gloss":"golden eagle"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rövare","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rövare","lemma":"rövare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to kungsörn","gloss":"robber"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of brukade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of brukade","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"brukade","lemma":"bruka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on rövare","gloss":"used to"},{"surface":"hälsa","lemma":"hälsa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of brukade","gloss":"greeted","note":"Both given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skott","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"skarpa","lemma":"skarep","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies skott","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"skott","lemma":"skott","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of brukade","gloss":"shots"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sett","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with kungsörn","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bytingen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"besynnerliga","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies bytingen","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"bytingen","lemma":"byting","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"the little creature"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of bar","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of bar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"ba","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on bytingen","gloss":"carried","note":"Tagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära (\"carried\"), not the present."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rygg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of rygg","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rygg","lemma":"rygg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of bar","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tänkt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tänkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tänkt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tänkt","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with kungsörn","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voro","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vilka","lemma":"vilken","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"adverbial clause on tänkt","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snart","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förstått","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förstått","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förstått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"förstått","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with tänkt","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of delat","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of delat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"hungriga","lemma":"hungrig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"clause modifying de","gloss":"hungry"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of delat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of delat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"delat","lemma":"dela","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of förstått","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of delat","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bröd","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of bröd","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"goda","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies bröd","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"bröd","lemma":"bröd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of delat","gloss":"bread"}]},{"number":78,"label":"27","id":"ch42-p27-s1","source":"»Om jag en gång blir människa igen,» tänkte pojken, »ska jag fara och söka opp den vackra kvinnan vid den stora älven och tacka henne för att hon var så god emot oss.»","translation":"\"If I ever become human again,\" thought the boy, \"I shall go and seek out the beautiful woman by the great river and thank her for being so good to us.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blir","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blir","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blir","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"blir","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fara","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"människa","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blir","gloss":"human being"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blir","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to blir","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tänkte","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ska","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fara","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"jag","lemma":"jag","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fara","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of opp","gloss":"go","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"söka","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with fara","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"opp","lemma":"oppa","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"out","note":"Opp is a historical spelling of modern upp."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kvinnan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vackra","lemma":"vacker","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies kvinnan","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"kvinnan","lemma":"kvinna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of opp","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking älven","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of älven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies älven","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"älven","lemma":"älv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of opp","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tacka","lemma":"tacka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with opp","gloss":"thank"},{"surface":"henne","lemma":"henne","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of tacka","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of god","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of god","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of god","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to god","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies god","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"god","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tacka","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"emot","lemma":"emot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oss","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"oss","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of god","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":79,"label":"28","id":"ch42-p28-s1","source":"SKOGSBRANDEN.","translation":"THE FOREST FIRE.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Skogsbranden","title":"«en»-word + definite suffix «-en»","body":"«Skog» (forest) + «brand» (fire, an «en»-word) compound into «skogsbrand»; the definite form takes the suffix «-en» rather than a leading 'the': «skogsbrand» → «skogsbrand-en», 'the forest fire' — this section's new heading and its subject for the rest of the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"SKOGSBRANDEN","lemma":"SKOGSBRANDEN","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"THE FOREST FIRE"}]},{"number":80,"label":"29","id":"ch42-p29-s1","source":"Medan pojken ännu höll på med sin frukost, kände han en svag rök norrifrån.","translation":"While the boy was still busy with his breakfast, he noticed a faint smoke from the north.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kände han","title":"V2 after a subordinate clause","body":"Because the sentence opens with the subordinate clause «Medan pojken ännu höll på...», the main clause that follows must still obey verb-second order: the verb «kände» comes first, the subject «han» after it — 'noticed he', not 'he noticed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Medan","lemma":"medan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höll","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ännu","lemma":"ännu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies höll","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kände","gloss":"was busy"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"busy with"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frukost","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of frukost","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"frukost","lemma":"frukost","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höll","gloss":"breakfast"},{"surface":"kände","lemma":"kändäge","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt","note":"Surface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rök","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"svag","lemma":"svag","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rök","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kände","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"norrifrån","lemma":"norrifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kände","gloss":"from the north"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch42-p29-s2","source":"Han vände sig genast åt detta hållet och såg, att en liten rökpelare, så vit som en dimma, steg upp från en skogsås; inte från den, som var närmast, utan från den andra i ordningen, räknat från honom.","translation":"He turned at once toward that direction and saw that a thin column of smoke, as white as a mist, rose up from a forest ridge—not from the one nearest, but from the next one in order, counted from him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"vän","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Really the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vände","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"genast","lemma":"genast","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hållet","lemma":"hållen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vände","gloss":"direction","note":"surface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction')."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rökpelare","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rökpelare","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"rökpelare","lemma":"rökpelare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vit","gloss":"column of smoke"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vände","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dimma","gloss":"as","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dimma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dimma","lemma":"dimma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vit","gloss":"the fog"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"steg","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"rose up","note":"The backbone tags this as imperative, but every example is past tense of stiga (to step/rise), not an imperative."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies steg","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsås","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogsås","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"skogsås","lemma":"skogsås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of steg","gloss":"forest ridge"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies vit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of närmast","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to närmast","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"närmast","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of räknat","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ordningen","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"ordningen","lemma":"ordning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies andra","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"räknat","lemma":"räkna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of räknat","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch42-p29-s3","source":"Det såg besynnerligt ut med rök mitt i vilda skogen, men det kunde ju hända, att det låg en fäbodvall därborta, och att jäntorna höllo på att koka sitt morgonkaffe.","translation":"It looked strange, smoke in the middle of the wild forest, but it might well be that there was a mountain dairy farm over there, and that the girls were busy boiling their morning coffee.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"höllo","title":"Archaic plural of «höll»","body":"«Höllo» is the plural preterite of «hålla» ('to hold'), used in the idiom «hålla på att» ('to be in the process of'). Modern Swedish would simply say «höll på»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"besynnerligt","lemma":"besynnerlig","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of såg","gloss":"strangely"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on besynnerligt","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rök","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"mitt","lemma":"mitt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rök","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"vilda","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mitt","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of hända","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hända","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ju","lemma":"ju","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hända","gloss":"may well"},{"surface":"hända","lemma":"hända","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with såg","gloss":"to happen"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with låg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on hända","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fäbodvall","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fäbodvall","lemma":"fäbodvall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"summer farm clearing"},{"surface":"därborta","lemma":"därborta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies låg","gloss":"over there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höllo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jäntorna","lemma":"jäntorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of höllo","gloss":"the girls"},{"surface":"höllo","lemma":"hålloa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with låg","gloss":"were busy","note":"Surface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of koka","gloss":"busy"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of koka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"koka","lemma":"koka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on höllo","gloss":"to boil"},{"surface":"sitt","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of morgonkaffe","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun."},{"surface":"morgonkaffe","lemma":"morgonkaffe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of koka","gloss":"morning coffee"}]},{"number":83,"label":"30","id":"ch42-p30-s1","source":"Det var märkvärdigt så den där röken tog till och bredde ut sig.","translation":"It was remarkable how that smoke increased and spread out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of märkvärdigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkvärdigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkvärdigt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tog","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"tog","lemma":"ta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to märkvärdigt","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tog","gloss":"increased"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bredde","lemma":"bre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tog","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bredde","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bredde","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch42-p30-s2","source":"Den kunde inte komma från en fäbod, men kanske att det fanns kolare i skogen?","translation":"It could not be coming from a mountain dairy, but perhaps there were charcoal burners in the forest?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kolare","title":"«kolare» — the charcoal burner","body":"A «kolare» tends a «kolmila», a smoldering earth-covered mound of stacked wood that slowly converts timber to charcoal — once essential fuel for Swedish ironworks, and a common sight and smell in the northern forests."}],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komma","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fäbod","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fäbod","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fäbod","lemma":"fäbod","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"summer farm"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fanns","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fanns","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with komma","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"kolare","lemma":"kolare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"charcoal burners"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"ch42-p30-s3","source":"På Skansen hade han sett en kolarkoja och en kolmila, och han hade hört, att det skulle finnas sådana i de här skogarna.","translation":"At Skansen he had seen a charcoal burner's hut and a charcoal pit, and he had heard that such things were to be found in these forests.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Skansen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Skansen","lemma":"Skansen","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of sett","gloss":"Skansen"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of sett","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sett","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kolarkoja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kolarkoja","lemma":"kolarkoja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of sett","gloss":"charcoal-burner's hut"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kolmila","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kolmila","lemma":"kolmila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kolarkoja","gloss":"charcoal pit"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hört","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of hört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hört","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with sett","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finnas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with finnas","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of finnas","gloss":"were to"},{"surface":"finnas","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of hört","gloss":"to exist"},{"surface":"sådana","lemma":"sån","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of finnas","gloss":"such","note":"Colloquial/old plural of sådan ('such')."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogarna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of skogarna","gloss":"these","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"här","lemma":"här","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"skogarna","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of finnas","gloss":"forests"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch42-p30-s4","source":"Men det var visst mest på hösten och vintern, som kolarna sysslade vid milorna.","translation":"But it was mostly in autumn and winter, surely, that the charcoal burners worked at their pits.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of visst","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to visst","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"visst","lemma":"viss","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"mest","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visst","gloss":"mostly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hösten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hösten","lemma":"höst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mest","gloss":"autumn"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vintern","lemma":"vinter","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hösten","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of sysslade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"kolarna","lemma":"kolarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of sysslade","gloss":"the charcoal burners"},{"surface":"sysslade","lemma":"syssla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on visst","gloss":"was busy"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking milorna","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"milorna","lemma":"milorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of sysslade","gloss":"charcoal piles","note":"Here milor means charcoal-burning piles or kilns."}]},{"number":87,"label":"31","id":"ch42-p31-s1","source":"Röken ökades för vart ögonblick.","translation":"The smoke increased with every moment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Röken","lemma":"Röken","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of passive ökades","gloss":"the smoke"},{"surface":"ökades","lemma":"öka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"increased"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögonblick","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"var","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ögonblick","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ökades","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ch42-p31-s2","source":"Nu välvde den fram över hela bergsryggen.","translation":"Now it rolled out over the whole mountain ridge.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies välvde","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"välvde","lemma":"välvde","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"arched","note":"Mistagged as an adverb; this is the past tense of välva (\"to arch/vault\")."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of fram","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bergsryggen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies bergsryggen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"bergsryggen","lemma":"bergsrygge","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the mountain ridge"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ch42-p31-s3","source":"Det var nog inte möjligt, att det kunde komma så mycket rök från en kolmila.","translation":"It surely was not possible that so much smoke could come from a charcoal pit.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with möjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to möjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with komma","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on möjligt","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mycket","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rök","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of komma","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kolmila","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of kolmila","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kolmila","lemma":"kolmila","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of komma","gloss":"charcoal pit"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"ch42-p31-s4","source":"Det måtte vara något slags eldsvåda, för en mängd fåglar flögo upp och flyttade sig över till närmaste ås.","translation":"It must be some kind of conflagration, for a great many birds flew up and moved over to the nearest ridge.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"flögo","title":"Archaic plural of «flög»","body":"«Flögo» is the plural preterite of «flyga» ('to fly'), agreeing with the plural «en mängd fåglar» ('a great many birds'). Compare the invariant modern «flög»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of måtte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"måtte","lemma":"måtte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eldsvåda","gloss":"must","note":"Modal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means \"must\"; the perfect sense (\"must have\") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain \"must.\""},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to eldsvåda","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"något","lemma":"någon","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of slags","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"slags","lemma":"slag","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"possessor of eldsvåda","gloss":"kind of","note":"Genitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'."},{"surface":"eldsvåda","lemma":"eldsvåda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fire","note":"A conflagration/house fire, distinct from a controlled hearth fire."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglar","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fåglar","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"fåglar","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with eldsvåda","gloss":"flew","note":"Past plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense."},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flögo","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flyttade","lemma":"flytta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with flögo","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of flyttade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flyttade","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ås","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"närmaste","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies ås","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"ås","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of flyttade","gloss":"ridge"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch42-p31-s5","source":"Både hökar och tjädrar och andra, som voro så små, att det inte var möjligt att känna igen dem på så långt håll, flydde undan för branden.","translation":"Both hawks and capercaillies and others, so small that it was not possible to recognize them from so far off, fled before the fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"hökar","lemma":"hök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of flydde","gloss":"hawks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tjädrar","lemma":"tjädr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hökar","gloss":"capercaillies"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"coordinated with tjädrar","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voro","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"relative clause on hökar","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies små","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hökar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of möjligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with möjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to möjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hökar","gloss":"possible","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of känna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on möjligt","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"igen","lemma":"igen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on känna","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of känna","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on känna","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies långt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"långt","lemma":"långt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies håll","gloss":"long","note":"Both examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance)."},{"surface":"håll","lemma":"håll","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase på","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"flydde","lemma":"fly","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flydde","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking branden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"branden","lemma":"brande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of flydde","gloss":"the fire","note":"Definite singular of 'brand' (fire)."}]},{"number":92,"label":"32","id":"ch42-p32-s1","source":"Den lilla vita rökpelaren hade vuxit till ett tungt, vitt moln, som välte ut över åsens kant och sjönk ner mot dalen.","translation":"The little white column of smoke had grown into a heavy, white cloud that rolled out over the edge of the ridge and sank down toward the valley.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rökpelaren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies rökpelaren","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies rökpelaren","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"rökpelaren","lemma":"rökpelare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vuxit","gloss":"column of smoke"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of vuxit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vuxit","lemma":"växa","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking moln","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of moln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tungt","lemma":"tung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies moln","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"vitt","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with tungt","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"moln","lemma":"moln","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of vuxit","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of välte","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"välte","lemma":"välte","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with vuxit","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies välte","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kant","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"åsens","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of kant","gloss":"the ridge's"},{"surface":"kant","lemma":"kant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sjönk","lemma":"sjönk","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with vuxit","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sjönk","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sjönk","gloss":"valley"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch42-p32-s2","source":"Och det slog upp gnistor och sotflingor ur molnet, och ibland var det möjligt att se en röd låga inne i röken.","translation":"And sparks and flakes of soot shot up out of the cloud, and now and then it was possible to see a red flame within the smoke.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with slog","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shot up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"gnistor","lemma":"gnista","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of slog","gloss":"sparks"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sotflingor","lemma":"sotflinga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with gnistor","gloss":"soot flakes"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking molnet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"molnet","lemma":"molen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sotflingor","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ibland","lemma":"ibland","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to möjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with möjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with slog","gloss":"possible","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on möjligt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of låga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"röd","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låga","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"låga","lemma":"låg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"inne","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies se","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röken","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of inne","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"ch42-p32-s3","source":"Det var nog en väldig eldsvåda, som hade kommit i gång därborta.","translation":"It surely was a mighty conflagration that had broken out over there.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of eldsvåda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to eldsvåda","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eldsvåda","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of eldsvåda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"väldig","lemma":"väldig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies eldsvåda","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"eldsvåda","lemma":"eldsvåda","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fire","note":"A conflagration/house fire, distinct from a controlled hearth fire."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on eldsvåda","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"under way"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"broken out"},{"surface":"därborta","lemma":"därborta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kommit","gloss":"over there"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch42-p32-s4","source":"Men vad i all världen var det, som brann?","translation":"But what in the world was it that was burning?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies det","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"all","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"världen","lemma":"värld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to det","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies vad","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"subject of brann","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"brann","lemma":"brann","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on det","gloss":"was burning","note":"Actually the past tense of brinna \"to burn\", mislabeled as an adverb."}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ch42-p32-s5","source":"Inte kunde det ligga en stor bondgård undangömd i skogen heller?","translation":"Could there not be a large farm hidden away in the forest too?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of ligga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with ligga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ligga","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bondgård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stor","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bondgård","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"bondgård","lemma":"bondgård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligga","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"undangömd","lemma":"undangömd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligga","gloss":"hidden away"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of undangömd","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"heller","lemma":"heller","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies undangömd","gloss":"either"}]},{"number":97,"label":"33","id":"ch42-p33-s1","source":"Det skulle allt vara mer än en gård för att ge upphov till en sådan brand.","translation":"It would take more than a single farm to give rise to such a fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of mer","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"copula linking to mer","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies en","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gård","lemma":"gård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of Det","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ge","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying gård","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"upphov","lemma":"upphov","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"origin","note":"Occurs in the phrase 'ge upphov till' = to give rise to."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brand","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of brand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådan","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies brand","gloss":"such","note":"sån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense."},{"surface":"brand","lemma":"brand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ge","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch42-p33-s2","source":"Nu kom det rök inte bara från åsen; också från dalen nedanför den, som han inte kunde se, därför att den låg bortskymd av den närmaste höjden, steg det upp massor av rök.","translation":"Now smoke came not only from the ridge; from the valley below it too, which he could not see because it lay hidden by the nearest height, there rose masses of smoke.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies åsen","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dalen","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"nedanför","lemma":"nedanför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of se","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies se","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of se","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"därför","lemma":"därför","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of bortskymd","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase därför","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bortskymd","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bortskymd","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"bortskymd","lemma":"bortskymd","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on se","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking höjden","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of höjden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"närmaste","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies höjden","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"höjden","lemma":"höjd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bortskymd","gloss":"height"},{"surface":"steg","lemma":"stega","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"coordinated with kom","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with steg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on steg","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"massor","lemma":"massa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of steg","gloss":"masses/lots"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rök","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies massor","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"ch42-p33-s3","source":"Det var inte annat möjligt, än att själva skogen brann.","translation":"It was not possible otherwise than that the forest itself was burning.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of möjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to möjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies möjligt","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"möjligt","lemma":"möjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible","note":"half the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two."},{"surface":"än","lemma":"än","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brann","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brann","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"själva","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"itself","note":"Surface \"själva\" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean \"themselves\" or intensify \"the very.\""},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of brann","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"brann","lemma":"brann","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on möjligt","gloss":"was burning"}]},{"number":100,"label":"34","id":"ch42-p34-s1","source":"Han hade svårt att få in i tankarna, att den friska, gröna skogen kunde brinna, men det var nog så i alla fall.","translation":"He found it hard to take in that the fresh, green forest could burn, but so it surely was all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"svårt","lemma":"svår","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of få","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"få","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"take in"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on få","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tankarna","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tankarna","lemma":"tankarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of få","gloss":"the thoughts"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brinna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"friska","lemma":"frisk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"gröna","lemma":"grön","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of brinna","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of brinna","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"brinna","lemma":"brinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hade","gloss":"to burn"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fall","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fall","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fall","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nog","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cases"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch42-p34-s2","source":"Och om det verkligen var skogen, som brann, då kanske elden kunde nå ända fram till honom?","translation":"And if it really was the forest that was burning, then perhaps the fire could reach all the way to him?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of skogen","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of skogen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"verkligen","lemma":"verkligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to skogen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brann","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"brann","lemma":"brann","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on skogen","gloss":"was burning","note":"Actually the past tense of brinna \"to burn\", mislabeled as an adverb."},{"surface":"då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nå","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kanske","lemma":"kanske","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nå","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of nå","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nå","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"nå","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on brann","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"ända","lemma":"ända","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fram","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nå","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch42-p34-s3","source":"Inte tycktes det mycket troligt, men han önskade, att örnen snart komme tillbaka.","translation":"It did not seem very likely, but he wished that the eagle would soon come back.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"komme","title":"Subjunctive (optative) form","body":"«Komme» is an old subjunctive/optative form of «komma» ('come'), used after «önska» ('to wish') to mark a hoped-for, not-yet-real event — a mood modern Swedish now expresses with «skulle komma» instead."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies tycktes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with tycktes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mycket","lemma":"mycket","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies troligt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"troligt","lemma":"trolig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of tycktes","gloss":"likely"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of önskade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"önskade","lemma":"önska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with tycktes","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komme","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"örnen","lemma":"örn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of passive komme","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komme","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"komme","lemma":"komme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clausal complement of tycktes","gloss":"would come","note":"Old subjunctive form of komma (\"to come\"), not a noun."},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on komme","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch42-p34-s4","source":"Det vore allt bäst att vara borta från detta.","translation":"It would be best of all to be away from this.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vore","title":"Subjunctive of «vara»","body":"«Vore» is the old subjunctive of «vara» ('to be'), still alive today only in fixed phrases like «om jag vore du» ('if I were you'); here it marks a hypothetical judgment, 'it would be best'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with vore","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vore","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies bäst","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"bäst","lemma":"bra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"clausal complement of vore","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of vara","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"vara","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on bäst","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"borta","lemma":"borta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vara","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"detta","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of borta","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch42-p34-s5","source":"Bara brandlukten, som han måste supa in med vart andetag, var en pina.","translation":"The smell of smoke alone, which he had to breathe in with every breath, was a torment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies brandlukten","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"brandlukten","lemma":"brandlukt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of pina","gloss":"the smell of smoke"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of supa","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of supa","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"måste","lemma":"måste","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of supa","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"supa","lemma":"supa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on brandlukten","gloss":"breathe"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andetag","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andetag","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vart","lemma":"var","morphology":"adverb","role":"determiner of andetag","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"andetag","lemma":"andetag","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of supa","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to pina","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of pina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pina","lemma":"pina","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"torment"}]},{"number":105,"label":"35","id":"ch42-p35-s1","source":"Det var förskräckligt ett sådant sprakande och smattrande, som hördes nu på en gång.","translation":"There was a dreadful crackling and rattling now, all at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sprakande","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to sprakande","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"förskräckligt","lemma":"förskräcklig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sprakande","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sprakande","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sådant","lemma":"sån","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies sprakande","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"sprakande","lemma":"sprakande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"crackling"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"smattrande","lemma":"smattrande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with sprakande","gloss":"rattling"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive hördes","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hördes","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"relative clause on smattrande","gloss":"could be heard"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hördes","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hördes","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s2","source":"Det kom från åsen närmast honom.","translation":"It came from the ridge nearest him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"närmast","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies honom","gloss":"nearest","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s3","source":"Där stod allra överst en hög tall, just maken till den, som han själv satt i.","translation":"There, at the very top, stood a tall pine, the very match of the one he himself sat in.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"allra","lemma":"allra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies överst","gloss":"very","note":"\"Most of all\" only fits \"allra ondast\" (angriest of all); in \"allra vackraste,\" \"allra tunnaste,\" and \"allra förskräckligaste\" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as \"very\" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst)."},{"surface":"överst","lemma":"överst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"at the very top"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tall","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hög","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies tall","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"tall","lemma":"tall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"just","lemma":"just","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies maken","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"maken","lemma":"make","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"the like","note":"used in 'sett make/maken till' meaning nothing comparable had been seen."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of maken","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"själv","lemma":"själv","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying han","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on den","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on satt","gloss":"in"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s4","source":"Den var så storväxt, att den sköt upp över de andra träden.","translation":"It was so tall that it shot up above the other trees.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of storväxt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to storväxt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies storväxt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"storväxt","lemma":"storväxt","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sköt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sköt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sköt","lemma":"skötma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"depends on storväxt","gloss":"shot up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sköt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träden","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of träden","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies träden","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"träden","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sköt","gloss":"tree","note":"träd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means \"the trees.\""}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s5","source":"Nyss hade den stått grant röd i morgonljuset, nu glimmade alla barren till på en gång, och den fattade eld.","translation":"A moment ago it had stood splendidly red in the morning light; now all its needles gleamed at once, and it caught fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nyss","lemma":"Nyss","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of stått","gloss":"a moment ago"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stått","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stått","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"grant","lemma":"grant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stått","gloss":"brightly"},{"surface":"röd","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of stått","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morgonljuset","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"morgonljuset","lemma":"morgonljus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of stått","gloss":"morning light"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies glimmade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"glimmade","lemma":"glimma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with stått","gloss":"gleamed"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of barren","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"barren","lemma":"barr","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of glimmade","gloss":"needles","note":"Pine/spruce needles, not sewing needles."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"quantifies glimmade","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of glimmade","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fattade","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fattade","lemma":"fatta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies eld","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with stått","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s6","source":"Så grann hade den nog aldrig varit förr, men det var också den sista gången den fick visa sin skönhet.","translation":"It had surely never been so splendid before, but this was also the last time it would show its beauty.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grann","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"grann","lemma":"grann","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"splendid","note":"Functions as the adjective 'grann' (fine/splendid), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of förr","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of förr","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"aldrig","lemma":"aldrig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies förr","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to förr","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"förr","lemma":"förr","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to gången","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gången","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sista","lemma":"sista","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies gången","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"gången","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies den","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of visa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of visa","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"visa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with förr","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of skönhet","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"skönhet","lemma":"skönhet","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of visa","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s7","source":"Tallen var det första träd på åsen, som fattade eld, och det var omöjligt att begripa hur branden hade nått den.","translation":"The pine was the first tree on the ridge to catch fire, and it was impossible to understand how the blaze had reached it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tallen","lemma":"Tallen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of träd","gloss":"the pine"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to träd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of träd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"första","lemma":"en","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"first","note":"surfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en."},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fattade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"fattade","lemma":"fatta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on träd","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fattade","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with omöjligt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to omöjligt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"omöjligt","lemma":"omöjlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with träd","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of begripa","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on omöjligt","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nått","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"branden","lemma":"brande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of nått","gloss":"the fire","note":"Definite singular of 'brand' (fire)."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of nått","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nått","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"reached","note":"Supine of nå ('to reach')."},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nått","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s8","source":"Hade den flugit dit på röda vingar, eller hade den runnit fram utmed marken som en orm?","translation":"Had it flown there on red wings, or had it run along the ground like a snake?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hade den flugit","title":"V1 order for a yes/no question","body":"Dropping the conjunction and putting the verb first — «Hade den flugit...?» rather than «Om den hade flugit...» — is how Swedish forms a yes/no question: verb-first order, no 'if' needed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hade","lemma":"Ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of flugit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flugit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"flugit","lemma":"fluga","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flown"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flugit","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vingar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"röda","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies vingar","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"vingar","lemma":"ving","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of flugit","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"eller","lemma":"eller","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of runnit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of runnit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"runnit","lemma":"rinna","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with flugit","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on runnit","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of runnit","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of orm","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of orm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"orm","lemma":"orm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"clause modifying marken","gloss":"snake"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s9","source":"Ja, det var inte gott att säga, men den var där i alla fall.","translation":"Yes, that was hard to say, but there it was all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on var","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of säga","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies säga","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies var","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies var","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of säga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"säga","lemma":"säga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on ,","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fall","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fall","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fall","lemma":"fall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of där","gloss":"cases"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"ch42-p35-s10","source":"Hela furan lågade som ett risbål.","translation":"The whole pine blazed like a bonfire of brushwood.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies furan","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"furan","lemma":"fura","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lågade","gloss":"the pine"},{"surface":"lågade","lemma":"låga","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"blazed","note":"The surface lågade is a past-tense verb, despite the parser's adjective label."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of risbål","gloss":"like","note":"Functions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of risbål","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"risbål","lemma":"risbål","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of lågade","gloss":"brushwood bonfire"}]},{"number":115,"label":"36","id":"ch42-p36-s1","source":"Så där!","translation":"There, now!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Så","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"ch42-p36-s2","source":"Nu slog rök upp på många ställen av åsen.","translation":"Now smoke rose up in many places on the ridge.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"sla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose","note":"Lemma is a variant spelling of 'slå'; the particle verb's sense shifts with context."},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ställen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ställen","lemma":"ställe","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies ställen","gloss":"ridge"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ch42-p36-s3","source":"Skogselden var nog både fågel och orm.","translation":"The forest fire was surely both bird and serpent.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skogselden","lemma":"Skogselden","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fågel","gloss":"the forest fire"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to fågel","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fågel","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"fågel","lemma":"fågel","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"orm","lemma":"orm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fågel","gloss":"snake"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"ch42-p36-s4","source":"Den kunde både kasta sig fram genom luften långa sträckor och smyga utmed jorden.","translation":"It could both hurl itself forward through the air over long stretches and creep along the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"både","lemma":"både","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"kasta","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"to throw"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kasta","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kasta","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sträckor","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"luften","lemma":"luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies sträckor","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sträckor","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"sträckor","lemma":"sträcka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of kasta","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"smyga","lemma":"smyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with kasta","gloss":"to sneak"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jorden","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"jorden","lemma":"jord","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of smyga","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ch42-p36-s5","source":"Den satte hela åsen i brand på en gång.","translation":"It set the whole ridge ablaze at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"satte","lemma":"satte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"past tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'."},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies åsen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satte","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brand","gloss":"ablaze"},{"surface":"brand","lemma":"brand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of satte","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies brand","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":120,"label":"37","id":"ch42-p37-s1","source":"Det blev en brådskande flykt för fåglarna.","translation":"There was a hurried flight for the birds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flykt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"brådskande","lemma":"brådskande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies flykt","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"flykt","lemma":"flykt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fåglarna","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"fåglarna","lemma":"fåglarna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of blev","gloss":"the birds"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch42-p37-s2","source":"De fladdrade upp ur röken som stora sotflingor, foro tvärsöver dalen och kommo till åsen, där pojken satt.","translation":"They fluttered up out of the smoke like great flakes of soot, flew across the valley, and came to the ridge where the boy sat.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"foro / kommo","title":"Archaic plurals of «for» / «kom»","body":"«Foro» (from «fara», 'to travel') and «kommo» (from «komma», 'to come') are plural preterites agreeing with the plural subject «de» — the small birds. Modern Swedish uses the same invariant forms «for» and «kom» for singular or plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of fladdrade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"fladdrade","lemma":"fladdra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fluttered up"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fladdrade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röken","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fladdrade","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sotflingor","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies sotflingor","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"sotflingor","lemma":"sotflinga","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of fladdrade","gloss":"soot flakes"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"coordinated with sotflingor","gloss":"went","note":"Old plural past tense of 'fara' (to go/travel), mistagged as a proper noun."},{"surface":"tvärsöver","lemma":"tvärsöv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with sotflingor","gloss":"straight across","note":"Lemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver."},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fladdrade","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kommo","lemma":"kommo","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with fladdrade","gloss":"came","note":"kommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag."},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommo","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kommo","gloss":"sat"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"ch42-p37-s3","source":"Han fick en berguv bredvid sig i tallen, och alldeles över honom slog en duvhök ner på en gren.","translation":"He found himself with an eagle owl beside him in the pine, and directly above him a goshawk perched on a branch.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"berguv / duvhök","title":"Two Nordic raptors","body":"The «berguv» (Eurasian eagle owl) and «duvhök» (goshawk) are among Scandinavia's largest resident birds of prey — normally deadly rivals of the small birds now fleeing beside them, united only by the fire."}],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found himself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of berguv","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"berguv","lemma":"berguv","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fick","gloss":"an eagle owl"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tallen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tallen","lemma":"tall","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fick","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies över","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies honom","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fick","gloss":"perched"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of duvhök","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"duvhök","lemma":"duvhök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"goshawk"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gren","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gren","lemma":"gren","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"branch"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"ch42-p37-s4","source":"De hade allt varit farliga grannar en annan dag, men nu sågo de inte en gång åt honom.","translation":"They had all been dangerous neighbors on another day, but now they did not even look at him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to grannar","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"farliga","lemma":"farlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies grannar","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"grannar","lemma":"grann","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"neighbors"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of dag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"annan","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies dag","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"dag","lemma":"dag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"saw","note":"mistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sågo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of sågo","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ch42-p37-s5","source":"De bara stirrade på elden, de kunde väl inte begripa vad som hade kommit åt skogen.","translation":"They only stared at the fire; they could hardly understand what had come over the forest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"subject of stirrade","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stirrade","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"stirrade","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stared","note":"Really the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stirrade","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of begripa","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of begripa","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"väl","lemma":"väl","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies begripa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"begripa","lemma":"begripa","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stirrade","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"vad","lemma":"vad","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kommit","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"what","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of begripa","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kommit","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch42-p37-s6","source":"En mård kilade också upp i tallkronan, ställde sig ytterst på en gren och såg över till den brinnande skogshöjden med sina blanka ögon.","translation":"A marten scurried up into the pine crown too, took its stand at the very tip of a branch, and gazed over at the burning forest ridge with its shining eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mård","title":"«mård» — the pine marten","body":"A «mård» is the pine marten, a slender forest predator related to the weasel — one more animal the fire forces into uneasy company with its usual prey."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mård","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mård","lemma":"mård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kilade","gloss":"marten"},{"surface":"kilade","lemma":"kila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kilade","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kilade","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tallkronan","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tallkronan","lemma":"tallkrona","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of kilade","gloss":"the pine crown"},{"surface":"ställde","lemma":"ställa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kilade","gloss":"took its stand"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ställde","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ytterst","lemma":"ytterst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ställde","gloss":"at the very edge"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gren","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gren","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gren","lemma":"gren","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ställde","gloss":"branch"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"såg","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ställde","gloss":"saw","note":"past tense of se, 'to see.'"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogshöjden","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of skogshöjden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"brinnande","lemma":"brinnande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies skogshöjden","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"skogshöjden","lemma":"skogshöjde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"the forest ridge"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ögon","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of ögon","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"blanka","lemma":"blank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ögon","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ögon","lemma":"ögon","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of såg","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"ch42-p37-s7","source":"Tätt bredvid mården satt en ekorre, men de tycktes inte märka varandra.","translation":"Close beside the marten sat a squirrel, but they did not seem to notice one another.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tätt","lemma":"tätt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satt","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of satt","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"mården","lemma":"mård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of satt","gloss":"marten"},{"surface":"satt","lemma":"sitta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of ekorre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ekorre","lemma":"ekorre","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of satt","gloss":"squirrel"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of märka","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"auxiliary of märka","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies märka","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"märka","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with satt","gloss":"to notice"},{"surface":"varandra","lemma":"varandra","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of märka","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":127,"label":"38","id":"ch42-p38-s1","source":"Nu rusade elden neråt dalsluttningen.","translation":"Now the fire rushed down the slope of the valley.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rusade","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"rusade","lemma":"rusa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rusade","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"neråt","lemma":"neråt","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking dalsluttningen","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"dalsluttningen","lemma":"dalsluttning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of rusade","gloss":"the valley slope"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ch42-p38-s2","source":"Den fräste och dånade som en brusande storm.","translation":"It hissed and roared like a raging storm.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fräste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fräste","lemma":"fräste","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hissed","note":"Actually the past tense of fräsa \"to hiss\", mislabeled as an adjective."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dånade","lemma":"dåna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with fräste","gloss":"boomed"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking storm","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of storm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"brusande","lemma":"brusa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"rushing","note":"present participle of brusa, 'to roar/rush'; tagged as adjective in this parse."},{"surface":"storm","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of dånade","gloss":"storm"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch42-p38-s3","source":"Det syntes genom röken hur lågorna flögo från träd till träd.","translation":"It could be seen through the smoke how the flames flew from tree to tree.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of syntes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"syntes","lemma":"syntes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röken","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of syntes","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flögo","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lågorna","lemma":"lågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of flögo","gloss":"the flames"},{"surface":"flögo","lemma":"flögoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on syntes","gloss":"flew","note":"Archaic plural past tense of flyga \"to fly\"; mislabeled as present tense."},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träd","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of flögo","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking träd","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"trees"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch42-p38-s4","source":"Innan en gran fattade eld, sveptes den först in i en tunn slöja av rök, sedan blevo alla barr röda på en gång, och så började det att knastra och brinna.","translation":"Before a spruce caught fire, it was first wrapped in a thin veil of smoke, then all its needles turned red at once, and then it began to crackle and burn.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Innan","lemma":"innan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fattade","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gran","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fattade","gloss":"spruce"},{"surface":"fattade","lemma":"fatta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sveptes","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of fattade","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"sveptes","lemma":"svepte","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was wrapped"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive sveptes","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"först","lemma":"först","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sveptes","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sveptes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slöja","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of slöja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tunn","lemma":"tunn","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slöja","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"slöja","lemma":"slöja","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sveptes","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rök","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slöja","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"sedan","lemma":"sedan","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of blevo","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"blevo","lemma":"blevo","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on sveptes","gloss":"became","note":"lemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became)."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of barr","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"barr","lemma":"barr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of blevo","gloss":"needles"},{"surface":"röda","lemma":"röd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies blevo","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blevo","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sveptes","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with började","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of knastra","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"knastra","lemma":"knastra","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"crackle"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brinna","lemma":"brinna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with knastra","gloss":"to burn"}]},{"number":131,"label":"39","id":"ch42-p39-s1","source":"Nere i dalen, som låg under honom, gick en liten bäck, som var kantad av alar och små björkar.","translation":"Down in the valley below him ran a little brook, bordered by alders and small birches.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"down","note":"Adverb meaning 'down there/below', tagged as a noun."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dalen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dalen","lemma":"dal","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies Nere","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of låg","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"låg","lemma":"ligga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on Nere","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of låg","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bäck","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liten","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies bäck","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"bäck","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kantad","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to kantad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"kantad","lemma":"kantad","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on bäck","gloss":"lined","note":"Mistagged as a noun; 'kantad' is the past participle of 'kanta' (to border/line)."},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alar","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"alar","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies kantad","gloss":"alders"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies björkar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"björkar","lemma":"björk","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with alar","gloss":"birches"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch42-p39-s2","source":"Där såg det ut, som om elden skulle stanna.","translation":"There it looked as though the fire would stop.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies såg","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"såg","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of såg","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on såg","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stanna","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stanna","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on såg","gloss":"stay"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"ch42-p39-s3","source":"Lövträden voro inte så snara att fatta eld som barrträden.","translation":"The deciduous trees were not as quick to catch fire as the conifers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lövträden","lemma":"lövträd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"deciduous trees"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"particle","role":"subject of snara","gloss":"were","note":"Archaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies snara","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies snara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"snara","lemma":"snara","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fatta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fatta","lemma":"fatta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on snara","gloss":"catch fire"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fatta","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of barrträden","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"barrträden","lemma":"barrträd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of fatta","gloss":"the conifers"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"ch42-p39-s4","source":"Skogsbranden stod som framför en mur och kunde inte komma vidare.","translation":"The forest fire stood as if before a wall and could not come any farther.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skogsbranden","lemma":"skogsbrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"forest fire"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mur","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"framför","lemma":"framför","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mur","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mur","lemma":"mur","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of stod","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of komma","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stod","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komma","gloss":"further"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch42-p39-s5","source":"Den glödde och sprakade, försökte att svinga sig över till furuskogen på andra sidan bäcken, men nådde inte fram till den.","translation":"It glowed and crackled, tried to swing itself across to the pine forest on the other side of the brook, but did not reach it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of glödde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"glödde","lemma":"glö","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glowed"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sprakade","lemma":"spraka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with glödde","gloss":"crackled"},{"surface":"försökte","lemma":"försöka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with glödde","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of svinga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"svinga","lemma":"svinga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on glödde","gloss":"to swing"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of svinga","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svinga","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking furuskogen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"furuskogen","lemma":"furuskog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of svinga","gloss":"the pine forest"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies furuskogen","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"bäcken","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies glödde","gloss":"the brook"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nådde","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with glödde","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies nådde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nådde","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nådde","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":136,"label":"40","id":"ch42-p40-s1","source":"För en stund var elden hejdad, men så kastade sig en lång flamma fram till den stora torrfuran, som stod en bit uppåt sluttningen, och strax slog denna upp i ljusan låga.","translation":"For a while the fire was held back, but then a long flame flung itself forward to the great dry pine that stood a stretch up the slope, and at once it burst into bright flame.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"För","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hejdad","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hejdad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive hejdad","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"hejdad","lemma":"hejda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hejdad","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"indirect object of kastade","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flamma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flamma","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"flamma","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of kastade","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies flamma","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking torrfuran","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of torrfuran","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies torrfuran","gloss":"big","note":"weak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen."},{"surface":"torrfuran","lemma":"torrfuran","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the dry pine"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stod","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on torrfuran","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bit","lemma":"bit","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"a stretch"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"sluttningen","lemma":"sluttning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of stod","gloss":"the slope","note":"Only surface is definite 'sluttningen'; examples translate it 'the slope'."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"strax","lemma":"strax","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hejdad","gloss":"burst","note":"Light verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner)."},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slog","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking låga","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ljusan","lemma":"ljusan","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies låga","gloss":"bright","note":"In the idiom 'i ljusan låga' (ablaze, in bright flame); 'ljusan' is an inflected form of the adjective 'ljus'."},{"surface":"låga","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of slog","gloss":"low"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"ch42-p40-s2","source":"Och därmed var elden över bäcken.","translation":"And with that the fire was across the brook.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"därmed","lemma":"därmed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"with that"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"elde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of var","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bäcken","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"bäcken","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies elden","gloss":"brook"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"ch42-p40-s3","source":"Värmen hade varit så stark, att vartenda träd uppåt hela branten var färdigt att fatta eld.","translation":"The heat had been so strong that every single tree up the whole slope was ready to catch fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Värmen","lemma":"värm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stark","gloss":"the warmth","note":"Lemma should be 'värme'; the surfaces are inflected forms of that noun."},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stark","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, supine","role":"copula linking to stark","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stark","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"stark","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of färdigt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vartenda","lemma":"vartend","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"every single"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"part of the phrase att","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"uppåt","lemma":"uppåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies träd","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"hela","lemma":"hel","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies branten","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"branten","lemma":"brant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of färdigt","gloss":"slope"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to färdigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"färdigt","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on stark","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of fatta","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"fatta","lemma":"fatta","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on färdigt","gloss":"catch fire"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fatta","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"ch42-p40-s4","source":"Och med brusande och dånande som den starkaste storm och det vildaste vattenfall flög skogsbranden upp mot åsen.","translation":"And with a roaring and thundering like the mightiest storm and the wildest waterfall, the forest fire flew up toward the ridge.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking storm","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"brusande","lemma":"brusa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"rushing","note":"present participle of brusa, 'to roar/rush'; tagged as adjective in this parse."},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dånande","lemma":"dåna","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with brusande","gloss":"roaring","note":"Present participle of 'dåna' (to thunder/boom) used adjectivally."},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of storm","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of storm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"starkaste","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies storm","gloss":"strongest"},{"surface":"storm","lemma":"storm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of flög","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of vattenfall","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vildaste","lemma":"vild","morphology":"adjective, nominative, superlative","role":"modifies vattenfall","gloss":"the wildest"},{"surface":"vattenfall","lemma":"vattenfall","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with storm","gloss":"waterfall"},{"surface":"flög","lemma":"flög","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"skogsbranden","lemma":"skogsbrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of flög","gloss":"forest fire"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flög","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking åsen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"åsen","lemma":"ås","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of upp","gloss":"ridge"}]},{"number":140,"label":"41","id":"ch42-p41-s1","source":"Då lyfte höken och berguven, och mården ilade ner ur trädet.","translation":"Then the hawk and the eagle owl took flight, and the marten hurried down out of the tree.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lyfte","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lyfte","lemma":"lyfa","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lifted","note":"Mistagged as an adjective; 'lyfte' is the past tense of the verb 'lyfta' (to lift)."},{"surface":"höken","lemma":"hök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lyfte","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"berguven","lemma":"berguve","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with höken","gloss":"the eagle owl"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mården","lemma":"mård","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ilade","gloss":"marten"},{"surface":"ilade","lemma":"ila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with lyfte","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ilade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trädet","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"trädet","lemma":"träde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"the tree","note":"lemma should be 'träd'; surface 'trädet' means 'the tree'."}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s2","source":"Det skulle nog inte dröja många ögonblick, förrän elden sutte i tallkronan.","translation":"It would surely not be many moments before the fire was in the pine crown.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with dröja","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of dröja","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dröja","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies dröja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dröja","lemma":"dröja","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to delay"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ögonblick","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ögonblick","lemma":"ögonblick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of dröja","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"förrän","lemma":"förrän","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sutte","gloss":"before","note":"used with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'."},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"elde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sutte","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"sutte","lemma":"sutte","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on dröja","gloss":"was in"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tallkronan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tallkronan","lemma":"tallkrona","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sutte","gloss":"the pine crown"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s3","source":"Pojken fick allt ge sig av, han också.","translation":"The boy had to get away too, he as well.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ge sig av","title":"Particle verb «ge sig av»","body":"«Ge sig av» ('to set off, leave') pairs the reflexive «sig» with the particle «av»; the plain verb «ge» ('give') means nothing like this alone — the combination is idiomatic and must be learned as a unit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fick","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"fick","lemma":"få","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"allt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of fick","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ge","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ge","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fick","gloss":"also"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s4","source":"Det var inte lätt att komma utför tallens höga, raka stam.","translation":"It was not easy to come down the pine's tall, straight trunk.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of komma","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"komma","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"depends on lätt","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"tallens","lemma":"tall","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of stam","gloss":"pine's"},{"surface":"höga","lemma":"hög","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stam","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"raka","lemma":"rak","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies stam","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"stam","lemma":"stam","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utför","gloss":"trunk"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s5","source":"Han höll sig fast vid den, så gott han kunde, gled långa stycken mellan kvistknölarna och ramlade slutligen handlöst till marken.","translation":"He held on to it as best he could, slid long stretches between the knots of branches, and finally tumbled headlong to the ground.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höll","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"höll","lemma":"hålla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held on"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of höll","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on höll","gloss":"on to"},{"surface":"vid","lemma":"vid","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of höll","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunde","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"gott","lemma":"god","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase så","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kunde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on höll","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"gled","lemma":"gled","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"slid","note":"past singular of glida ('to glide/slide'); mistagged as noun."},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stycken","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stycken","lemma":"styck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of kunde","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kvistknölarna","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"kvistknölarna","lemma":"kvistknölare","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies stycken","gloss":"branch knots"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ramlade","lemma":"ramla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kunde","gloss":"tumbled"},{"surface":"slutligen","lemma":"slutligen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ramlade","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"handlöst","lemma":"handlöst","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"direct object of kunde","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of handlöst","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s6","source":"Men han hade ingen tid att känna efter om han hade slagit sig.","translation":"But he had no time to feel whether he had hurt himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of tid","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tid","lemma":"tid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of känna","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"känna","lemma":"känna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"clause modifying tid","gloss":"to feel"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on känna","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of slagit","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slagit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of slagit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"slagit","lemma":"slå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on känna","gloss":"hurt"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slagit","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s7","source":"Det var bara att skynda undan.","translation":"It was only a matter of hurrying away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with var","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies var","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of skynda","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"skynda","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on var","gloss":"to hurry"},{"surface":"undan","lemma":"undan","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skynda","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s8","source":"Elden slog som ett fräsande oväder ner i tallen, marken under honom var varm och började ryka.","translation":"The fire struck down into the pine like a hissing storm; the ground beneath him was warm and had begun to smoke.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elden","lemma":"Elden","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of slog","gloss":"the fire"},{"surface":"slog","lemma":"slog","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck down"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of oväder","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of oväder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fräsande","lemma":"fräsa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies oväder","gloss":"hissing"},{"surface":"oväder","lemma":"oväder","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of slog","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies slog","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tallen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tallen","lemma":"tall","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of varm","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to varm","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"varm","lemma":"varm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on tallen","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with varm","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ryka","lemma":"ryka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"ch42-p41-s9","source":"På ena sidan om honom sprang ett lodjur, på den andra rann en lång huggorm, och alldeles bredvid ormen skrockade en orrhöna, som skyndade framåt med sina små dunklädda kycklingar.","translation":"On one side of him ran a lynx, on the other slid a long adder, and right beside the snake a black grouse hen clucked, hurrying forward with her small, down-clad chicks.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"huggorm / orrhöna","title":"«huggorm» and «orrhöna»","body":"«Huggorm» is the European adder, Sweden's only venomous snake; «orrhöna» is a female black grouse. Even natural enemies flee the fire side by side here."}],"words":[{"surface":"På","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ena","lemma":"ena","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sprang","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sprang","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sprang","lemma":"sprangma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran","note":"Lemma is corrupted; surfaces are only \"sprang\" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of lodjur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lodjur","lemma":"lodjur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sprang","gloss":"lynx"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of andra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of rann","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"rann","lemma":"rann","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to sprang","gloss":"slid"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of huggorm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies huggorm","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"huggorm","lemma":"huggorm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of rann","gloss":"adder"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alldeles","lemma":"alldeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bredvid","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"bredvid","lemma":"bredvid","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies skrockade","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ormen","lemma":"orm","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase bredvid","gloss":"snake"},{"surface":"skrockade","lemma":"skrocka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with sprang","gloss":"clucked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of orrhöna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"orrhöna","lemma":"orrhöen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"direct object of skrockade","gloss":"black grouse hen"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of skyndade","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"skyndade","lemma":"skynda","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on orrhöna","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"framåt","lemma":"framåt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on skyndade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kycklingar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of kycklingar","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kycklingar","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"dunklädda","lemma":"dunklädd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies kycklingar","gloss":"down-clad"},{"surface":"kycklingar","lemma":"kyckling","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of skyndade","gloss":"chicks"}]},{"number":149,"label":"42","id":"ch42-p42-s1","source":"När de flyende hade kommit utför branten och ner i daldjupet, råkade de människor, som voro utgångna för att släcka branden.","translation":"When the fleeing creatures had come down the slope and into the depths of the valley, they met people who had gone out to put out the fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of kommit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flyende","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"flyende","lemma":"flyende","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"subject of kommit","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of kommit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kommit","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"adverbial clause on utför","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"branten","lemma":"brant","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utför","gloss":"slope"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with branten","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking daldjupet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"daldjupet","lemma":"daldjupet","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ner","gloss":"the valley depths"},{"surface":"råkade","lemma":"råka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with utför","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of människor","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"människor","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of råkade","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of passive utgångna","gloss":"who","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies utgångna","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"utgångna","lemma":"utgången","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"relative clause on människor","gloss":"gone out"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of släcka","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of släcka","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"släcka","lemma":"släcka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on utgångna","gloss":"put out"},{"surface":"branden","lemma":"brande","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of släcka","gloss":"the fire","note":"Definite singular of 'brand' (fire)."}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"ch42-p42-s2","source":"De hade nog varit där en lång stund, men pojken hade stirrat så ihärdigt åt andra sidan, därifrån elden kom, att han inte hade märkt dem förut.","translation":"They had surely been there a long while, but the boy had stared so intently toward the other side, whence the fire came, that he had not noticed them before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of varit","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of varit","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies varit","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"varit","lemma":"vara","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stund","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of varit","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stirrat","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of stirrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stirrat","lemma":"stirra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with varit","gloss":"stared"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stirrat","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ihärdigt","lemma":"ihärdig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stirrat","gloss":"intently"},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of stirrat","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"därifrån","lemma":"därifrån","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"parallel clause to varit","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of märkt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of märkt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies märkt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of märkt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"märkt","lemma":"märka","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"clausal complement of kom","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of märkt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"förut","lemma":"förut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies märkt","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch42-p42-s3","source":"Det fanns en bäck och en bred rand av lövträd också nere i denna sänkan, och bakom dem arbetade människorna.","translation":"There was a brook and a broad band of deciduous trees down in this hollow too, and behind them the people were working.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with fanns","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of bäck","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bäck","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of rand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bred","lemma":"bred","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies rand","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"rand","lemma":"rand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bäck","gloss":"band"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lövträd","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lövträd","lemma":"lövträd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies rand","gloss":"deciduous trees"},{"surface":"också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nere","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rand","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sänkan","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"denna","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sänkan","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sänkan","lemma":"sänka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of nere","gloss":"the hollow"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of arbetade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"arbetade","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with fanns","gloss":"worked","note":"Past-tense verb 'arbetade' (worked), mistagged as an adjective. Gloss must be the past tense 'worked', not the present participle 'working'."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of arbetade","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch42-p42-s4","source":"De fällde barrträden, som stodo närmast alarna, hämtade vatten ur bäcken och hällde ut det över marken och rensade bort ljung och getpors, för att elden inte skulle kunna smyga fram i småriset.","translation":"They felled the conifers standing nearest the alders, fetched water from the brook and poured it out over the ground, and cleared away heather and marsh tea, so that the fire could not creep forward through the undergrowth.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"getpors","title":"«getpors» — marsh Labrador tea","body":"«Getpors» (marsh Labrador tea, Rhododendron tomentosum) is a low, strongly scented wetland shrub common in Swedish bogs and damp forest floors — cleared here along with the heather to starve the fire of fuel."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of fällde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"fällde","lemma":"fälla","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felled"},{"surface":"barrträden","lemma":"barrträd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of fällde","gloss":"conifers"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on barrträden","gloss":"stood","note":"Archaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb."},{"surface":"närmast","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking alarna","gloss":"nearest","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"alarna","lemma":"al","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"the alders"},{"surface":"hämtade","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"adverbial clause on fällde","gloss":"fetched"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hämtade","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bäcken","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"bäcken","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies vatten","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hällde","lemma":"hällde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hämtade","gloss":"poured out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hällde","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hällde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hällde","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rensade","lemma":"rensa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with hämtade","gloss":"cleared away"},{"surface":"bort","lemma":"bort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rensade","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ljung","lemma":"ljung","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of rensade","gloss":"heather"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"getpors","lemma":"getpors","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with ljung","gloss":"marsh tea"},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of smyga","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase för","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smyga","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies smyga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of smyga","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"kunna","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of smyga","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"smyga","lemma":"smyga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hämtade","gloss":"to sneak"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on smyga","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking småriset","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"småriset","lemma":"småris","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of fram","gloss":"the undergrowth"}]},{"number":153,"label":"43","id":"ch42-p43-s1","source":"Också de tänkte bara på skogsbranden, som nu kom störtande mot dem.","translation":"They too thought only of the forest fire, now bearing down upon them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Också","lemma":"också","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tänkte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tänkte","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"bara","lemma":"bara","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tänkte","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogsbranden","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"skogsbranden","lemma":"skogsbrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tänkte","gloss":"forest fire"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kom","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"relative clause on skogsbranden","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"störtande","lemma":"störta","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"direct object of kom","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of kom","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"ch42-p43-s2","source":"De flyende djuren sprungo mellan deras fötter, utan att de sågo åt dem.","translation":"The fleeing animals ran between their feet, without their paying them any heed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sprungo","title":"Archaic plural of «sprang»","body":"«Sprungo» is the plural preterite of «springa» ('to run'), agreeing with the plural «de flyende djuren». Modern Swedish uses the invariant «sprang» for any subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of djuren","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"flyende","lemma":"flyende","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies djuren","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"djuren","lemma":"djur","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"possessor of sprungo","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"sprungo","lemma":"sprungo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ran","note":"Tagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo)."},{"surface":"mellan","lemma":"mellan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fötter","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"deras","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of fötter","gloss":"their","note":"possessive form deras of the plural pronoun de."},{"surface":"fötter","lemma":"fött","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"modifies sprungo","gloss":"feet","note":"Surface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact."},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sågo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sågo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sågo","lemma":"sågoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on sprungo","gloss":"saw","note":"Lemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se (\"saw\"), not a noun or present tense."},{"surface":"åt","lemma":"åt","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of sågo","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"ch42-p43-s3","source":"De slogo inte efter huggormen, de sökte inte fånga orrhönan, när hon ilade fram och tillbaka utmed bäcken med de små pipande ungarna, de brydde sig inte en gång om Tummetott.","translation":"They did not strike at the adder, they did not try to catch the black grouse hen as she darted back and forth along the brook with her small piping chicks, they did not even take notice of Thumbietot.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tummetott","title":"Nils's fairy-tale name","body":"«Tummetott» (rendered 'Thumbietot' in English) is the name the animals give the shrunken, elf-sized Nils after his transformation — a nod to 'Tom Thumb'-style folklore figures."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"slogo","lemma":"slogoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck","note":"Past plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies slogo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huggormen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"huggormen","lemma":"huggorme","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slogo","gloss":"the adder"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sökte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sökte","lemma":"söka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of fånga","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies fånga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fånga","lemma":"fånga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to slogo","gloss":"to catch"},{"surface":"orrhönan","lemma":"orrhöna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of fånga","gloss":"the black grouse hen"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ilade","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hon","lemma":"hon","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ilade","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ilade","lemma":"ila","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on fånga","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"fram","lemma":"fram","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ilade","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utmed","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"utmed","lemma":"utmed","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bäcken","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"bäcken","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with fram","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ungarna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ungarna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"små","lemma":"liten","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ungarna","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"pipande","lemma":"pipa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies ungarna","gloss":"piping"},{"surface":"ungarna","lemma":"unge","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of ilade","gloss":"chicks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of brydde","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"brydde","lemma":"brydde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slogo","gloss":"cared","note":"Occurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'."},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of brydde","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies brydde","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of brydde","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tummetott","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Tummetott","lemma":"Tummetott","morphology":"proper noun, nominative","role":"oblique complement of brydde","gloss":"Thumbietot","note":"the boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering."}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch42-p43-s4","source":"De stodo med stora tallruskor, som de hade doppat i bäcken, och med dessa som vapen tycktes de ämna gå mot elden.","translation":"They stood with great pine boughs, which they had dipped in the brook, and with these as weapons they seemed to mean to go against the fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of stodo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stodo","lemma":"stodo","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tallruskor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stora","lemma":"stor","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tallruskor","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"tallruskor","lemma":"tallruska","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of stodo","gloss":"pine boughs"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of doppat","gloss":"which","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of doppat","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of doppat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"doppat","lemma":"doppat","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"relative clause on tallruskor","gloss":"dipped"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bäcken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"bäcken","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of doppat","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vapen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dessa","lemma":"denna","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"part of the phrase med","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vapen","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vapen","lemma":"vapen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of tycktes","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"tycktes","lemma":"tycktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"coordinated with stodo","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of tycktes","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ämna","lemma":"ämna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gå","gloss":"to intend"},{"surface":"gå","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of tycktes","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elden","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gå","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"ch42-p43-s5","source":"De voro inte särdeles många.","translation":"They were not especially many.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voro","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of särdeles","gloss":"were","note":"archaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective."},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies särdeles","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"särdeles","lemma":"särdeles","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"många","lemma":"många","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"complement of särdeles","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"ch42-p43-s6","source":"Det var märkvärdigt att se dem stå där färdiga att strida, när allt annat flydde.","translation":"It was remarkable to see them standing there ready to fight, when everything else fled.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with märkvärdigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to märkvärdigt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"märkvärdigt","lemma":"märkvärdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on märkvärdigt","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of se","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"stå","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of se","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stå","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"färdiga","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies strida","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of strida","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"strida","lemma":"strida","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to märkvärdigt","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flydde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"modifies flydde","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"annat","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase allt","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"flydde","lemma":"fly","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on strida","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":159,"label":"44","id":"ch42-p44-s1","source":"När elden kom utför sluttningen med dån och brak och olidlig hetta och kvävande rök, färdig att slunga sig över bäcken och lövträdsmuren och nå andra stranden utan att ens behöva stanna, veko människorna tillbaka i början, som om de inte kunde härda ut.","translation":"When the fire came down the slope with roaring and crackling and unbearable heat and choking smoke, ready to fling itself across the brook and the wall of deciduous trees and reach the other bank without even having to stop, the people gave way at first, as though they could not endure it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of kom","gloss":"when","note":"Functions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb."},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of kom","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"kom","lemma":"komma","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on utför","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"utför","lemma":"utföra","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"down","note":"Functions here as the adverb/preposition \"down\" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra (\"to perform\")."},{"surface":"sluttningen","lemma":"sluttning","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of utför","gloss":"the slope","note":"Only surface is definite 'sluttningen'; examples translate it 'the slope'."},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dån","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dån","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of utför","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brak","lemma":"brak","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with dån","gloss":"crackling"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"olidlig","lemma":"olidlig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies hetta","gloss":"unbearable"},{"surface":"hetta","lemma":"hetta","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dån","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kvävande","lemma":"kvävande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"coordinated with hetta","gloss":"choking"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with dån","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"färdig","lemma":"färdig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with utför","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of slunga","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"slunga","lemma":"slunga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on färdig","gloss":"fling"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of slunga","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bäcken","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"bäcken","lemma":"bäck","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of slunga","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lövträdsmuren","lemma":"lövträdsmure","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with bäcken","gloss":"deciduous-tree wall"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nå","lemma":"nå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"coordinated with slunga","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nå","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stanna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ens","lemma":"ens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"at once","note":"Used in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'"},{"surface":"behöva","lemma":"behöva","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of stanna","gloss":"to need to"},{"surface":"stanna","lemma":"stanna","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on färdig","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"veko","lemma":"veko","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of stanna","gloss":"gave way","note":"This is the past tense of the verb 'vika' (to turn/fold/yield), mistagged as a noun."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of stanna","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"tillbaka","lemma":"tillbaka","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stanna","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking början","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"början","lemma":"början","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of tillbaka","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of härda","gloss":"as though","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of härda","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of härda","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies härda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kunde","lemma":"kunna","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of härda","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"härda","lemma":"härda","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"relative clause on början","gloss":"to endure"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on härda","gloss":"endure"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch42-p44-s2","source":"Men det blev ingen lång flykt, utan de vände om.","translation":"But it was no long retreat, for they turned back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with blev","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ingen","lemma":"ingen","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of flykt","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"lång","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies flykt","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"flykt","lemma":"flykt","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"utan","lemma":"utan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather","note":"follows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with blev","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vände","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":161,"label":"45","id":"ch42-p45-s1","source":"Skogsbranden gick till storms med förfärande kraft.","translation":"The forest fire went storming on with terrifying force.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Skogsbranden","lemma":"skogsbrand","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"forest fire"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kraft","gloss":"storming"},{"surface":"storms","lemma":"storms","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase till","gloss":"stormed"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kraft","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"förfärande","lemma":"förfärande","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"modifies kraft","gloss":"terrifying"},{"surface":"kraft","lemma":"kraft","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gick","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"ch42-p45-s2","source":"Gnistorna kastade sig som ett regn av eld över lövträden, de långa flammorna foro fräsande ut ur röken, som om skogen på andra sidan sög dem till sig.","translation":"The sparks flung themselves like a rain of fire over the deciduous trees; the long flames flew hissing out of the smoke, as though the forest on the other side were drawing them to itself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gnistorna","lemma":"Gnistorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of kastade","gloss":"the sparks"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of regn","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of regn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"regn","lemma":"regn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of kastade","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eld","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eld","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies regn","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lövträden","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"lövträden","lemma":"lövträde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies eld","gloss":"the deciduous trees"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flammorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"långa","lemma":"lång","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies flammorna","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"flammorna","lemma":"flammo","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of ut","gloss":"the flames"},{"surface":"foro","lemma":"foro","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on flammorna","gloss":"traveled","note":"Archaic plural past tense of fara (\"to go/travel\"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it."},{"surface":"fräsande","lemma":"fräsa","morphology":"adjective, nominative","role":"clause modifying flammorna","gloss":"hissing"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kastade","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking röken","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of ut","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sög","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of sög","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sidan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"andra","lemma":"annan","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies sidan","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sidan","lemma":"sida","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"sög","lemma":"söga","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on kastade","gloss":"drew in","note":"Surface 'sög' is the past tense of suga (to suck/draw in), though tagged as present."},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of sög","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sig","gloss":"to itself"},{"surface":"sig","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of sög","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":163,"label":"46","id":"ch42-p46-s1","source":"Men lövträden hejdade elden, och bakom dem arbetade människorna.","translation":"But the deciduous trees held back the fire, and behind them the people worked.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"lövträden","lemma":"lövträde","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of hejdade","gloss":"the deciduous trees"},{"surface":"hejdade","lemma":"hejda","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hejdade","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bakom","lemma":"bakom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of arbetade","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"arbetade","lemma":"arbeta","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with hejdade","gloss":"worked","note":"Past-tense verb 'arbetade' (worked), mistagged as an adjective. Gloss must be the past tense 'worked', not the present participle 'working'."},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of arbetade","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"ch42-p46-s2","source":"Där marken började ryka, hämtade de vatten i sina ämbar och svalkade den.","translation":"Where the ground began to smoke, they fetched water in their buckets and cooled it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies började","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ryka","lemma":"ryka","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"complement of började","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"hämtade","lemma":"hämta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ryka","gloss":"fetched"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vatten","gloss":"they","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"vatten","lemma":"vatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hämtade","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ämbar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of ämbar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ämbar","lemma":"ämbar","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hämtade","gloss":"buckets"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"svalkade","lemma":"svalka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with ryka","gloss":"cooled"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of svalkade","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch42-p46-s3","source":"När ett träd sveptes i rök, angrepo de det med snabba yxhugg, kastade omkull det och släckte ut lågorna.","translation":"When a tree was wrapped in smoke, they attacked it with quick axe-blows, felled it, and put out the flames.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"angrepo","title":"Archaic plural of «angrep»","body":"«Angrepo» is the plural preterite of «angripa» ('to attack'); the subject «de» ('they') is plural, so 1906 Swedish still marks it — modern Swedish would use the invariant «angrep»."}],"words":[{"surface":"När","lemma":"när","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of sveptes","gloss":"when","note":"Functions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb."},{"surface":"ett","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of träd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"träd","lemma":"träd","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive sveptes","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"sveptes","lemma":"sveptes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"adverbial clause on angrepo","gloss":"was wrapped"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies sveptes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase i","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"angrepo","lemma":"angrepo","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, passive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"attacked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of det","gloss":"they","note":"surfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of angrepo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yxhugg","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"snabba","lemma":"snabb","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies yxhugg","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"yxhugg","lemma":"yxhugg","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of angrepo","gloss":"axe-blows"},{"surface":"kastade","lemma":"kasta","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with angrepo","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"omkull","lemma":"omkull","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kastade","gloss":"over","note":"Used with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'."},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kastade","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"släckte","lemma":"släcka","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kastade","gloss":"put out"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on släckte","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"lågorna","lemma":"lågorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of släckte","gloss":"the flames"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"ch42-p46-s4","source":"Där elden smög i ljungen, slogo de ner den med de våta tallruskorna och kvävde den.","translation":"Where the fire crept in the heather, they beat it down with the wet pine boughs and smothered it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smög","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of smög","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"smög","lemma":"smöga","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial clause on slogo","gloss":"crept","note":"Tagged as a noun but is 'smög', the past tense of 'smyga', crept/slipped."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ljungen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ljungen","lemma":"ljungen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of smög","gloss":"the heather"},{"surface":"slogo","lemma":"slogoa","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"beat","note":"Past plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of slogo","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on slogo","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of slogo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"med","lemma":"med","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tallruskorna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tallruskorna","gloss":"the","note":"Surfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'"},{"surface":"våta","lemma":"våt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies tallruskorna","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"tallruskorna","lemma":"tallruskorna","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"oblique complement of slogo","gloss":"the pine boughs"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kvävde","lemma":"kvävde","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with slogo","gloss":"smothered"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kvävde","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":167,"label":"47","id":"ch42-p47-s1","source":"Röken blev så tät, att den höljde in alltsammans.","translation":"The smoke grew so thick that it hid everything from view.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of blev","gloss":"the smoke","note":"Used here in the singular sense despite the plural tag."},{"surface":"blev","lemma":"bli","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"så","lemma":"så","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tät","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tät","lemma":"tät","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"complement of blev","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of höljde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of höljde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"höljde","lemma":"hölj","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"adverbial clause on blev","gloss":"shrouded"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on höljde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alltsammans","lemma":"alltsammans","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of höljde","gloss":"all of it"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch42-p47-s2","source":"Det stod inte till att se hur striden gick, men nog var det lätt att förstå, att den var hård, och att det flera gånger var nära, att branden skulle tränga vidare.","translation":"One could not see how the battle was going, but it was easy enough to understand that it was fierce, and that several times it came close to the fire breaking through further.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with stod","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"stod","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"inte","lemma":"inte","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies stod","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"till","lemma":"till","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of se","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on stod","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gick","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"striden","lemma":"strid","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gick","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"gick","lemma":"gå","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of se","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lätt","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to lätt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with lätt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lätt","lemma":"lätt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with gick","gloss":"easy","note":"ch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of förstå","gloss":"to","note":"infinitive marker before a verb."},{"surface":"förstå","lemma":"förstå","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lätt","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hård","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hård","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to hård","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hård","lemma":"hård","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial clause on lätt","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nära","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of gånger","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"flera","lemma":"flera","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies gånger","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"gånger","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"subject of nära","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to nära","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nära","lemma":"nära","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hård","gloss":"close","note":"Type lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära."},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tränga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"branden","lemma":"brand","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of tränga","gloss":"the fire"},{"surface":"skulle","lemma":"skola","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of tränga","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"tränga","lemma":"tränga","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"depends on nära","gloss":"to force one's way"},{"surface":"vidare","lemma":"vidare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tränga","gloss":"further"}]},{"number":169,"label":"48","id":"ch42-p48-s1","source":"Men tänk, att efter en stund minskades eldens starka dån, och röken skingrades!","translation":"But imagine—after a while the fire's mighty roar lessened, and the smoke dispersed!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"tänk","lemma":"tänka","morphology":"verb, imperative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think!"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of minskades","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"efter","lemma":"efter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stund","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of stund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stund","lemma":"stund","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of minskades","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"minskades","lemma":"minska","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"clausal complement of tänk","gloss":"diminished"},{"surface":"eldens","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, genitive, common gender, singular","role":"possessor of dån","gloss":"the fire's"},{"surface":"starka","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies dån","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"dån","lemma":"dån","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive minskades","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive skingrades","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"skingrades","lemma":"skingrades","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"coordinated with tänk","gloss":"dispersed"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"ch42-p48-s2","source":"Då hade lövträden mist varje blad, marken under dem var svartbränd, människorna voro svarta av rök och dröpo av svett, men skogselden var tillbakaslagen.","translation":"Then the deciduous trees had lost every leaf, the ground beneath them was scorched black, the people were black with smoke and dripping with sweat, but the forest fire was beaten back.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dröpo","title":"Archaic plural of «drop»","body":"«Dröpo» is the plural preterite of «drypa» ('to drip'), agreeing with the plural «människorna». One of the chapter's last archaic plurals before the fire, at last, goes quiet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hade","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lövträden","lemma":"lövträde","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"the deciduous trees"},{"surface":"mist","lemma":"mist","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hade","gloss":"lost","note":"Mislabeled as a noun; mist is the supine of mista (\"to lose\")."},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of blad","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"blad","lemma":"blad","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"leaf"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"under","lemma":"under","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dem","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"de","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"modifies marken","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"modifies svartbränd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"svartbränd","lemma":"svartbränd","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"relative clause on marken","gloss":"scorched black"},{"surface":"människorna","lemma":"människa","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with hade","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"voro","lemma":"voro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"depends on hade","gloss":"were","note":"mistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'."},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hade","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rök","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"rök","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of hade","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dröpo","lemma":"dröpo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with rök","gloss":"dripped"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking svett","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"svett","lemma":"svett","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies dröpo","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"skogselden","lemma":"skogselde","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of tillbakaslagen","gloss":"the forest fire"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to tillbakaslagen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tillbakaslagen","lemma":"tillbakaslag","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with rök","gloss":"beaten back"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"ch42-p48-s3","source":"Den hade upphört att låga.","translation":"It had ceased to blaze.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of upphört","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of upphört","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"upphört","lemma":"upphöra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"att","lemma":"att","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of låga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"låga","lemma":"låg","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on upphört","gloss":"low"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch42-p48-s4","source":"Röken kröp vit och mjuk över marken, och ur den sköt upp en mängd svarta stänger.","translation":"The smoke crept white and soft over the ground, and out of it rose a mass of black poles.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Röken","lemma":"rök","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of kröp","gloss":"the smoke","note":"Used here in the singular sense despite the plural tag."},{"surface":"kröp","lemma":"kröp","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crept","note":"Past tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag."},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"vit","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kröp","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mjuk","lemma":"mjuk","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with vit","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"över","lemma":"över","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"marken","lemma":"mark","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of mjuk","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ur","lemma":"ur","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase och","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sköt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sköt","lemma":"sköt","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with kröp","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sköt","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of mängd","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mängd","lemma":"mängd","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies stänger","gloss":"a great many"},{"surface":"svarta","lemma":"svart","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies stänger","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"stänger","lemma":"stänge","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active","role":"clausal complement of sköt","gloss":"poles"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"ch42-p48-s5","source":"Det var allt, som fanns kvar av den granna skogen.","translation":"That was all that remained of the splendid forest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Det","lemma":"den","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"expletive with allt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to allt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"allt","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"som","lemma":"som","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fanns","gloss":"that","note":"Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely."},{"surface":"fanns","lemma":"finnas","morphology":"verb, past, indicative","role":"depends on allt","gloss":"there was","note":"existential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'"},{"surface":"kvar","lemma":"kvar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fanns","gloss":"still there"},{"surface":"av","lemma":"av","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of granna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"granna","lemma":"granman","morphology":"adjective, nominative, singular","role":"modifies skogen","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of fanns","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":174,"label":"49","id":"ch42-p49-s1","source":"Pojken hade klättrat upp på en sten och stått där och sett hur elden släcktes.","translation":"The boy had climbed up onto a rock and stood there watching how the fire was put out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of klättrat","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"hade","lemma":"ha","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"auxiliary of klättrat","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"klättrat","lemma":"klättra","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"upp","lemma":"upp","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on klättrat","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sten","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of sten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sten","lemma":"sten","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klättrat","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stått","lemma":"stå","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with klättrat","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"där","lemma":"där","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stått","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sett","lemma":"se","morphology":"verb, active, supine","role":"coordinated with stått","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"hur","lemma":"hur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies släcktes","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"elden","lemma":"eld","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive släcktes","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"släcktes","lemma":"släcktes","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, passive","role":"clausal complement of sett","gloss":"was put out"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"ch42-p49-s2","source":"Men nu, när skogen var räddad, började faran för honom.","translation":"But now, when the forest was saved, the danger began for him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Men","lemma":"men","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies räddad","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"när","lemma":"när","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of räddad","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skog","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of räddad","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"var","lemma":"vara","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active","role":"copula linking to räddad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"räddad","lemma":"räddad","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"började","lemma":"börja","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with räddad","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"faran","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of började","gloss":"the danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."},{"surface":"för","lemma":"för","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of började","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"ch42-p49-s3","source":"Uven och höken vände på en gång sina blickar mot honom.","translation":"The owl and the hawk turned their eyes toward him all at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uven","lemma":"Uven","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of vände","gloss":"the eagle-owl"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"höken","lemma":"hök","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with Uven","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"vände","lemma":"väna","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Past tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända."},{"surface":"på","lemma":"på","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gång","gloss":"all at once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of gång","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gång","lemma":"gång","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of vände","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"sina","lemma":"sig","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"possessor of blickar","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"blickar","lemma":"blicka","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, plural","role":"coordinated with vände","gloss":"glances"},{"surface":"mot","lemma":"mot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honom","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of blickar","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":177,"label":"50","id":"ch42-p50-s1","source":"Då hörde han en välbekant röst kalla honom.","translation":"Then he heard a familiar voice call to him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Då","lemma":"då","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hörde","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"hörde","lemma":"höra","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of hörde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"determiner, common gender, singular","role":"determiner of röst","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"välbekant","lemma":"välbekant","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"modifies röst","gloss":"familiar"},{"surface":"röst","lemma":"röst","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hörde","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"kalla","lemma":"kalla","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive","role":"parallel clause to hörde","gloss":"cold","note":"Mislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use."},{"surface":"honom","lemma":"han","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kalla","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"ch42-p50-s2","source":"Gorgo, kungsörnen, susade ner genom skogen.","translation":"Gorgo, the golden eagle, came rushing down through the forest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gorgo","lemma":"Gorgo","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Gorgo","note":"Proper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective."},{"surface":"kungsörnen","lemma":"kungsörn","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"in apposition to Gorgo","gloss":"golden eagle"},{"surface":"susade","lemma":"susa","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"coordinated with Gorgo","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"ner","lemma":"ner","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on susade","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"genom","lemma":"genom","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking skogen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"skogen","lemma":"skogen","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of susade","gloss":"the forest"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"ch42-p50-s3","source":"Och snart gungade pojken uppe i molnen, frälst från varje fara.","translation":"And soon the boy swung high up among the clouds, saved from every danger.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snart","lemma":"snart","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gungade","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"gungade","lemma":"gunga","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"pojken","lemma":"pojke","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gungade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"uppe","lemma":"uppe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gungade","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking molnen","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"molnen","lemma":"molne","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"frälst","lemma":"frälst","morphology":"adjective, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase uppe","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"från","lemma":"från","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fara","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"varje","lemma":"varje","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fara","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"fara","lemma":"fara","morphology":"noun, nominative, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of uppe","gloss":"danger","note":"some listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type."}]}]}