{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":1,"id":"book-01","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας α","translated":"Book 1 — The Gods in Council; Athena Counsels Telemachus"},"section":"The Telemachy","summary":"The gods meet while Odysseus sits on Calypso's island. Athena, in disguise, sends Telemachus to look for news of his father. The suitors feast in his hall.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1","lines":444},"previous":null,"next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b1-l1","source":"ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ","translation":"Tell me, Muse, of the man of many turns, who wandered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτροπον","title":"\"Of many turns\"","body":"πολύτροπον is an accusative epithet of ἄνδρα, the object of ἔννεπε. It means both \"much-traveled\" and \"of many devices,\" a defining ambiguity for Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"direct object of ἔννεπε","gloss":"man","note":"The poem begins with the object, not the verb: Greek case lets ἄνδρα stand first for emphasis."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"enclitic dative singular first-person pronoun","role":"indirect object of ἔννεπε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔννεπε","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present imperative active, second singular","role":"main verb addressed to the Muse","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοῦσα","lemma":"μοῦσα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"direct address","gloss":"Muse"},{"surface":"πολύτροπον","lemma":"πολύτροπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"epithet agreeing with ἄνδρα","gloss":"of many turns","note":"The adjective shares ἄνδρα's accusative singular masculine form, tying Odysseus' identity to the object of the invocation."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine relative pronoun","role":"subject of the relative clause that continues the sentence","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective used adverbially","role":"extent of wandering with πλάγχθη in the next line","gloss":"many things / much"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b1-l2","source":"πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν·","translation":"far and wide, once he had sacked the sacred citadel of Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάγχθη","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, third singular","role":"finite verb of the relative clause begun by ὃς","gloss":"was driven wandering"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the prior event that explains the wandering","gloss":"after / when"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"possessive genitive modifying πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"direct object of ἔπερσεν","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"ἔπερσεν","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, third singular","role":"verb of the ἐπεὶ clause","gloss":"he sacked"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b1-l3","source":"πολλῶν δʼ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω,","translation":"Many were the men whose cities he saw and whose minds he learned,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόον","title":"noos: mind, way of thinking","body":"νόος denotes not just intellect but the whole mindset or disposition of a person. To \"learn the noos\" of many men is to understand their characters and customs."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"possessive genitive with ἄστεα and νόον","gloss":"of men / people"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, third singular","role":"finite verb with ὃς as subject","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"ἄστεα","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"direct object of ἴδεν","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"direct object of ἔγνω","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, third singular","role":"second finite verb in the relative clause","gloss":"he came to know"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b1-l4","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"and many the sorrows he suffered at heart upon the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine demonstrative/pronoun","role":"subject of πάθεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"place where the suffering happens after ἐν","gloss":"on the sea"},{"surface":"πάθεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, third singular","role":"finite verb","gloss":"he suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"direct object of πάθεν","gloss":"pains / sorrows"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"accusative of respect with κατὰ: in his heart","gloss":"heart / spirit"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b1-l5","source":"ἀρνύμενος ἥν τε ψυχὴν καὶ νόστον ἑταίρων.","translation":"striving to win his own life and his companions’ homecoming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos: homecoming","body":"νόστος is the return home from war, the central theme of the poem and the root of our word \"nostalgia.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνύμενος","lemma":"ἄρνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial participle agreeing with Odysseus","gloss":"striving to win"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine possessive adjective","role":"modifies ψυχὴν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"enclitic connective particle","role":"pairs ψυχὴν with νόστον","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object sought by ἀρνύμενος","gloss":"life / soul"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"second object sought by ἀρνύμενος","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"possessive genitive with νόστον","gloss":"of his companions"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b1-l6","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς ἑτάρους ἐρρύσατο, ἱέμενός περ·","translation":"Yet even so he could not save his companions, hard as he strove —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱέμενός περ","title":"Concessive participle","body":"ἱέμενός (\"striving, eager\") is a participle, and the particle περ gives it concessive force: \"although striving.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"direct object of ἐρρύσατο","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐρρύσατο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, third singular","role":"finite verb","gloss":"he saved / rescued"},{"surface":"ἱέμενός","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"concessive participle agreeing with the subject","gloss":"striving / eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"περ","morphology":"enclitic particle","role":"marks the participle as concessive","gloss":"although / even"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b1-l7","source":"αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο,","translation":"for by their own reckless follies they perished,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"emphatic possessive: their own","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"postpositive explanatory particle","role":"explains why the companions were not saved","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφετέρῃσιν","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine possessive adjective","role":"modifies ἀτασθαλίῃσιν","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἀτασθαλίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀτασθαλία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"means or cause: by their recklessness","gloss":"reckless follies"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, third plural","role":"finite verb","gloss":"they perished"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b1-l8","source":"νήπιοι, οἳ κατὰ βοῦς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο","translation":"fools, who devoured the cattle of Hyperion the Sun —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective used substantively","role":"apposition to the companions","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine relative pronoun","role":"subject of ἤσθιον in the next line","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"direct object of ἤσθιον","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"Ὑπερίονος","lemma":"Ὑπερίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine proper noun","role":"possessor of the cattle","gloss":"of Hyperion"},{"surface":"Ἠελίοιο","lemma":"Ἠέλιος","morphology":"Homeric genitive singular masculine proper noun in -οιο","role":"appositive genitive naming Hyperion as the Sun","gloss":"of the Sun"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b1-l9","source":"ἤσθιον· αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀφείλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ.","translation":"and so the god took from them their day of return.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁ","title":"Homeric article = demonstrative","body":"«αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀφείλετο» ('but he took from them'): here «ὁ» is not 'the' but a demonstrative/personal 'he, that one' (Helios) — in Homer ὁ/ἡ/τό is still mostly a pronoun, and true 'the' is often left unexpressed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤσθιον","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, third plural","role":"finite verb with οἳ as subject","gloss":"they were eating / devoured"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"αὐτάρ","morphology":"adversative connective particle","role":"marks the consequence after the transgression","gloss":"but / and so"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine demonstrative pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφείλετο, referring to Helios","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine demonstrative pronoun","role":"indirect object: from them","gloss":"from them / for them"},{"surface":"ἀφείλετο","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, third singular","role":"finite verb","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ","lemma":"νόστιμος ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective + noun","role":"direct object of ἀφείλετο","gloss":"day of return"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b1-l10","source":"τῶν ἁμόθεν γε, θεά, θύγατερ Διός, εἰπὲ καὶ ἡμῖν.","translation":"Of all this, goddess, daughter of Zeus, tell us too, from where you will.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰπέ","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"εἰπέ is the aorist imperative \"tell!\" — the poet's direct command to the Muse that frames the entire invocation."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter demonstrative pronoun","role":"partitive/source genitive: of these things","gloss":"of these things"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"direct address to the Muse","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"appositive direct address","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine proper noun","role":"possessive genitive with θύγατερ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, second singular","role":"main command to the Muse","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural first-person pronoun","role":"indirect object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b1-l11","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν\n                  ὄλεθρον,","translation":"Then all the others, as many as had escaped sheer destruction,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"then","note":"Epic ἔνθα, common formulaic scene-setter opening a new narrative beat."},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φύγον","gloss":"as many as","note":"ὅσοι launches a relative clause modifying the whole class of survivors, not a single antecedent."},{"surface":"φύγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοι","gloss":"had escaped"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer, steep"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγον","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b1-l12","source":"οἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·","translation":"were at home, having fled both the war and the sea;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκοι","lemma":"οἴκοι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεφευγότες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"having fled, escaped","note":"Perfect participle πεφευγότες stresses the settled state of having survived, not just the past act."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσαν","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b1-l13","source":"τὸν δʼ οἶον νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικὸς","translation":"him alone, longing for his return and for his wife,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἔρυκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"νόστου","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"return, homecoming"},{"surface":"κεχρημένον","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"longing for","note":"κεχρημένον + genitive (νόστου, γυναικὸς): perfect participle of χράω/χράομαι, 'yearning,' governs the genitive of the thing longed for."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"his wife"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b1-l14","source":"νύμφη πότνιʼ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων","translation":"the queenly nymph Calypso, bright among goddesses, kept back","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δῖα θεάων","title":"Partitive genitive","body":"θεάων is a genitive plural, \"of goddesses\": Calypso is \"bright among goddesses.\" Homeric genitives of this type single out one from a group."}],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Καλυψὼ","gloss":"the nymph"},{"surface":"πότνι","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νύμφη","gloss":"queenly, revered"},{"surface":"ἔρυκε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept, held back"},{"surface":"Καλυψὼ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυκε","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυψὼ","gloss":"bright, divine","note":"δῖα is a standard Homeric epithet marking a goddess's radiance/divinity, formulaic with female divine names."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of the goddesses"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b1-l15","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι.","translation":"in her hollow caves, yearning that he be her husband.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπέσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέσσι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"λιλαιομένη","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρυκε","gloss":"yearning, longing","note":"λιλαιομένη + infinitive εἶναι: 'longing that he be,' a desiderative participle taking a complementary infinitive."},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαιομένη","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b1-l16","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν,","translation":"But when the year came, as the seasons wheeled around,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"the year"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"περιπλομένων","lemma":"περιπέλομαι","morphology":"present participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"as they wheeled round","note":"περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν is a genitive absolute: 'as the years/seasons revolved,' idiomatic for time passing."},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτῶν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περιπλομένων","gloss":"of the years, seasons"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b1-l17","source":"τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι","translation":"in which the gods had spun for him his return to his home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"adverbial to ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"in which","note":"τῷ (relative/demonstrative dative) picks up the year just named: 'in that (year).'"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐπεκλώσαντο","lemma":"ἐπικλώθω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔτος","gloss":"had spun, decreed","note":"ἐπικλώθω, 'spin as fate,' the gods as weavers of destiny — a recurring Homeric metaphor for the Fates' thread."},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b1-l18","source":"εἰς Ἰθάκην, οὐδʼ ἔνθα πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων","translation":"to Ithaca — not even there was he free of trials","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφυγμένος","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πεφυγμένος","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"free, escaped","note":"πεφυγμένος ἦεν: perfect participle + imperfect εἰμί forms a periphrastic pluperfect, 'had been free of.'"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"auxiliary verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεφυγμένος","gloss":"of trials, hardships"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b1-l19","source":"καὶ μετὰ οἷσι φίλοισι. θεοὶ δʼ ἐλέαιρον ἅπαντες","translation":"even among his own people. All the gods pitied him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φίλοισι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"kin, dear ones"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέαιρον","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐλέαιρον","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b1-l20","source":"νόσφι Ποσειδάωνος· ὁ δʼ ἀσπερχὲς μενέαινεν","translation":"except Poseidon; he raged unrelenting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"except, apart from"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνος","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφι","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of μενέαινεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀσπερχὲς","lemma":"ἀσπερχές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενέαινεν","gloss":"unrelentingly"},{"surface":"μενέαινεν","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged, was furious"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b1-l21","source":"ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"at godlike Odysseus until he reached his own land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆι","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μενέαινεν","gloss":"at Odysseus"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until, before","note":"πάρος here functions as 'until' governing the infinitive ἱκέσθαι, a common epic construction."},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b1-l22","source":"ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν Αἰθίοπας μετεκίαθε τηλόθʼ ἐόντας,","translation":"But Poseidon had gone off to the Ethiopians, who dwell far away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of μετεκίαθε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Αἰθίοπας","lemma":"Αἰθίοψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the Ethiopians"},{"surface":"μετεκίαθε","lemma":"μετακιάθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone off to","note":"μετακιάθω, a rare epic verb of motion 'go among/visit,' used almost exclusively of gods traveling to distant peoples."},{"surface":"τηλόθ","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Αἰθίοπας","gloss":"being, who dwell"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b1-l23","source":"Αἰθίοπας τοὶ διχθὰ δεδαίαται, ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"the Ethiopians, who are split in two, the most remote of men:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰθίοπας","lemma":"Αἰθίοψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the Ethiopians"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of δεδαίαται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"διχθὰ","lemma":"διχθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of δεδαίαται","gloss":"in two, split apart"},{"surface":"δεδαίαται","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"are divided","note":"δεδαίαται, perfect middle-passive of δαίω 'divide,' describes the Ethiopians as geographically split at the world's edge — a famous Homeric cosmological detail."},{"surface":"ἔσχατοι","lemma":"ἔσχατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"the most remote"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔσχατοι","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b1-l24","source":"οἱ μὲν δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος οἱ δʼ ἀνιόντος,","translation":"some where Hyperion sets, and some where he rises,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"δυσομένου","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"future participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"setting","note":"δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος, genitive absolute: 'as Hyperion (the sun) sets.'"},{"surface":"Ὑπερίονος","lemma":"Ὑπερίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δυσομένου","gloss":"Hyperion (the sun)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνιόντος","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b1-l25","source":"ἀντιόων ταύρων τε καὶ ἀρνειῶν ἑκατόμβης.","translation":"to receive a hecatomb of bulls and rams.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιόων","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεκίαθε","gloss":"to receive, meet"},{"surface":"ταύρων","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of bulls"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρνειῶν","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of rams"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβης","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀντιόων","gloss":"hecatomb (sacrifice)","note":"ἑκατόμβη literally '100 oxen,' a formulaic term for a large ritual sacrifice."}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b1-l26","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γʼ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος· οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι","translation":"There he sat at the feast and took his pleasure; but the other gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"Epic particle γε adds emphasis: 'he for his part,' contrasting Poseidon's location with the other gods'."},{"surface":"ἐτέρπετο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took his pleasure, delighted"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρήμενος","gloss":"in the feast"},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"sitting beside"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b1-l27","source":"Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν.","translation":"were gathered together in the halls of Olympian Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Ὀλυμπίου","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἁθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b1-l28","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·","translation":"Among them the father of men and gods began to speak;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε","title":"men-de / te...te pairing","body":"The doubled τε...τε (\"both...and\") binds \"men\" and \"gods\" into a single formula, \"father of men and gods,\" a standard epithet of Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them, among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of words, speech"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began","note":"ἄρχω + genitive (μύθων): 'began (to speak) words,' the standard Homeric idiom for opening a speech."},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b1-l29","source":"μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο,","translation":"for in his heart he remembered noble Aegisthus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνήσατο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Αἰγίσθοιο","gloss":"noble, blameless","note":"ἀμύμων ('blameless') is ironic here: Aegisthus already murdered Agamemnon and was already killed by Orestes for it, not merely 'about to be' judged."},{"surface":"Αἰγίσθοιο","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνήσατο","gloss":"Aegisthus"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b1-l30","source":"τόν ῥʼ Ἀγαμεμνονίδης τηλεκλυτὸς ἔκτανʼ Ὀρέστης·","translation":"whom the far-famed Orestes, son of Agamemnon, had killed;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἔκταν᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμεμνονίδης","lemma":"Ἀγαμεμνονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκταν᾽","gloss":"son of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"τηλεκλυτὸς","lemma":"τηλεκλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρέστης","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ἔκταν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἰγίσθοιο","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Ὀρέστης","lemma":"Ὀρέστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκταν᾽","gloss":"Orestes"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b1-l31","source":"τοῦ ὅ γʼ ἐπιμνησθεὶς ἔπεʼ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"remembering him, he spoke out among the immortals:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἐπιμνησθεὶς","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπιμνησθεὶς","lemma":"ἐπιμιμνήσκομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"remembering, calling to mind"},{"surface":"ἔπε","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the immortals"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke out, addressed","note":"μεταυδάω, a compound speaking-verb used almost only in this formulaic 'spoke among them' line."}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b1-l32","source":"ὢ πόποι, οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται·","translation":"\"Ah, how mortals do blame the gods!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰτιόωνται","title":"aitiaomai: to blame","body":"The verb means \"to hold responsible, to accuse.\" Zeus's complaint—that men charge the gods for self-inflicted ruin—opens a key theme of the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah!","note":"Formulaic exclamation ὢ πόποι opening direct divine speech, an epic marker of exasperation."},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to αἰτιόωνται","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰτιόωνται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτιόωνται","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of αἰτιόωνται","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"αἰτιόωνται","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blame"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b1-l33","source":"ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκʼ ἔμμεναι, οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"They say evils come from us, yet they themselves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κάκη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"evils, ills"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"come, exist","note":"ἔμμεναι, epic infinitive of εἰμί with φασι: 'they say evils are/come.'"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies αὐτοὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b1-l34","source":"σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγεʼ ἔχουσιν,","translation":"by their own follies have sorrows beyond their lot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπὲρ μόρον","title":"\"Beyond fate\"","body":"ὑπὲρ μόρον means \"beyond what is fated.\" Homer allows that men can bring suffering on themselves past their allotted measure, by their own recklessness."}],"words":[{"surface":"σφῇσιν","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀτασθαλίῃσιν","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἀτασθαλίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀτασθαλία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσιν","gloss":"by their follies, recklessness","note":"ἀτασθαλίῃσιν, the key Homeric theistic-theodicy word: human wrongdoing, not fate, causes extra suffering — Zeus's whole point in this speech."},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"their lot, portion"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"sorrows, pains"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b1-l35","source":"ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο","translation":"just as now Aegisthus, beyond his lot, took to wife","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Αἴγισθος","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γῆμ᾽","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"his lot","note":"ὑπὲρ μόρον repeats the phrase from line 34, tying Zeus's general maxim directly to Aegisthus's specific case."},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"of Atreus' son"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b1-l36","source":"γῆμʼ ἄλοχον μνηστήν, τὸν δʼ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα,","translation":"the wedded wife of Atreus' son, and killed him on his return,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γῆμ","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"married, wedded"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γῆμ᾽","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"μνηστήν","lemma":"μνηστός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"wedded, lawful"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἔκτανε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"on his return, having returned"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b1-l37","source":"εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον, ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς,","translation":"though he knew sheer ruin would come, since we had warned him first,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"knowing","note":"εἰδὼς, perfect active participle of οἶδα used with present sense ('knowing'), a classic Greek perfect-as-present verb."},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer, steep"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"ruin, destruction"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπομεν","gloss":"beforehand"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴπομεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"εἴπομεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we told, warned"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπομεν","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b1-l38","source":"Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες, ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην,","translation":"sending Hermes, the keen-eyed slayer of Argus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l38.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀργεϊφόντην","title":"Slayer of Argus","body":"ἀργεϊφόντην is a fixed accusative epithet of Hermes, traditionally \"slayer of Argus,\" the hundred-eyed guardian. Such epithets fill the metrical line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"πέμψαντες","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπομεν","gloss":"sending"},{"surface":"ἐύσκοπον","lemma":"εὔσκοπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντην","gloss":"keen-eyed, sharp-sighted"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντην","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"slayer of Argus","note":"Ἀργειφόντης, a fixed Homeric epithet for Hermes (Argus-slayer), always paired with his name in this formula."}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b1-l39","source":"μήτʼ αὐτὸν κτείνειν μήτε μνάασθαι ἄκοιτιν·","translation":"telling him neither to kill the man nor to court his wife;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of κτείνειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κτείνειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"μνάασθαι","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"to court","note":"μνάομαι 'to woo/court' is the verb behind mnesteres, the suitors' name — same root you'll see all through the poem."},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνάασθαι","gloss":"his wife"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b1-l40","source":"ἐκ γὰρ Ὀρέσταο τίσις ἔσσεται Ἀτρεΐδαο,","translation":"for vengeance would come from Orestes for Atreus' son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀρέσταο","lemma":"Ὀρέστης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Orestes"},{"surface":"τίσις","lemma":"τίσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"vengeance"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would come","note":"ἔσσεται is the epic/Homeric future of εἰμί (=ἔσται), with the extra sigma typical of Homeric forms."},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τίσις","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b1-l41","source":"ὁππότʼ ἂν ἡβήσῃ τε καὶ ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης.","translation":"once he came of age and longed for his own land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(subjunctive marker)"},{"surface":"ἡβήσῃ","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came of age"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἱμείρεται","lemma":"ἱμείρω","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"longed for","note":"ἄν + subjunctive (ὁππότ᾽ ἂν ἡβήσῃ) is a general/indefinite temporal clause — 'whenever he should come of age,' not a single past fact."},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱμείρεται","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b1-l42","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ Ἑρμείας, ἀλλʼ οὐ φρένας Αἰγίσθοιο","translation":"So Hermes spoke, but for all his good intent he did not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεῖθ᾽","gloss":"the mind","note":"φρένας (lit. 'midriff/heart-mind,' pl.) is Homer's word for the seat of thought and feeling — glossed here simply as 'mind.'"},{"surface":"Αἰγίσθοιο","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"of Aegisthus"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b1-l43","source":"πεῖθʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων· νῦν δʼ ἁθρόα πάντʼ ἀπέτισεν.","translation":"persuade the mind of Aegisthus; and now he has paid for it all at once.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεῖθ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuade"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὰ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πεῖθ᾽","gloss":"intending","note":"φρονέων ('thinking/intending') as a participle modifying the subject shows Hermes' good intent, even though the persuading failed — a classic Homeric concessive nuance."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέτισεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁθρόα","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πάντ᾽","gloss":"all at once"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀπέτισεν","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἀπέτισεν","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has paid for"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b1-l44","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, \"gleaming-eyed\" or \"owl-eyed,\" is Athena's standing epithet. Whole formulaic half-lines like this recur to introduce her speeches."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's fixed Homeric epithet ('owl-/gleaming-eyed') — a formulaic tag that fills the line's meter and always travels with her name."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b1-l45","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,","translation":"\"Our father, son of Kronos, highest of rulers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πάτερ","title":"Vocative of address","body":"πάτερ is the vocative case, the form used for direct address: \"O father.\" Athena opens her appeal by naming Zeus directly."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερε","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"son of Cronus"},{"surface":"ὕπατε","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"κρειόντων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕπατε","gloss":"of rulers"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b1-l46","source":"καὶ λίην κεῖνός γε ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ·","translation":"that man indeed lies in a death he richly deserved;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνός","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐοικότι","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ὀλέθρῳ","gloss":"fitting","note":"ἐοικότι, a perfect participle of ἔοικα ('to resemble/be fitting'), gives the sense 'a death that matched his deeds' — perfect tense shows a settled, deserved state."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ὀλέθρῳ","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεῖται","gloss":"in destruction"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b1-l47","source":"ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι·","translation":"so may any other perish who does such deeds!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀπόλοιτο","title":"Optative of wish","body":"ἀπόλοιτο is an optative expressing a wish: \"may he perish.\" The optative is the regular mood for prayers and curses in Greek."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοιτο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may he perish","note":"ἀπόλοιτο is an aorist optative used as a wish/curse ('may he perish!') — the classic Homeric optative-of-wish construction."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"any other"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέζοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτά","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζοι","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥέζοι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλος","gloss":"does"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b1-l48","source":"ἀλλά μοι ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆι δαΐφρονι δαίεται ἦτορ,","translation":"But my heart is torn for wise Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies δαίεται","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆι","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαίεται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆι","gloss":"wise","note":"δαΐφρων ('battle-wise, shrewd') is a recurring heroic epithet built on the war-root δαΐ- — pairs with warriors, not just Odysseus."},{"surface":"δαίεται","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is torn","note":"δαίεται ('is kindled/burns') is literally about fire — 'my heart burns/is torn' is a vivid physical metaphor for grief, not a dead idiom."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δαίεται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b1-l49","source":"δυσμόρῳ, ὃς δὴ δηθὰ φίλων ἄπο πήματα πάσχει","translation":"ill-fated man, who far from his friends has long suffered hardships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυσμόρῳ","lemma":"δύσμορος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆι","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάσχει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχει","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"his friends"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from","note":"φίλων ἄπο shows anastrophe — the preposition ἄπο is placed after its object and thrown back in accent, a common Homeric word-order flexibility."},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχει","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχει","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὀδυσῆι","gloss":"suffers"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b1-l50","source":"νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ, ὅθι τʼ ὀμφαλός ἐστι θαλάσσης.","translation":"on a sea-girt island, where the navel of the sea lies.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήσῳ","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀμφιρύτῃ","lemma":"ἀμφίρυτος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήσῳ","gloss":"sea-girt"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλός","lemma":"ὀμφαλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"navel","note":"ὀμφαλός θαλάσσης ('navel of the sea') is a striking one-off image describing Ogygia — not a recurring Homeric formula, just a vivid unique metaphor for a mid-ocean world-center."},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νήσῳ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὀμφαλός","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b1-l51","source":"νῆσος δενδρήεσσα, θεὰ δʼ ἐν δώματα ναίει,","translation":"A wooded island, and a goddess dwells in its halls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆσος","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"δενδρήεσσα","lemma":"δενδρήεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆσος","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίει","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ναίει","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dwells"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b1-l52","source":"Ἄτλαντος θυγάτηρ ὀλοόφρονος, ὅς τε θαλάσσης","translation":"the daughter of baleful-minded Atlas, who knows","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄτλαντος","lemma":"Ἄτλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Atlas"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ὀλοόφρονος","lemma":"ὀλοόφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄτλαντος","gloss":"baleful-minded","note":"ὀλοόφρων ('destructive-minded') colors Atlas as a grim cosmic figure — the epithet does real characterizing work, unlike purely ornamental ones."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθεα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b1-l53","source":"πάσης βένθεα οἶδεν, ἔχει δέ τε κίονας αὐτὸς","translation":"the depths of all the sea, and himself holds up the pillars,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"βένθεα","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἶδεν","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"knows","note":"οἶδεν is a perfect form with present meaning ('knows'), from the same root as εἶδον/ἰδεῖν 'to see' — 'to know' in Greek is literally 'to have seen.'"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"holds up"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"κίονας","lemma":"κίων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"pillars"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b1-l54","source":"μακράς, αἳ γαῖάν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχουσιν.","translation":"the great pillars that keep earth and heaven apart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακράς","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κίονας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γαῖάν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κίονας","gloss":"keep"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b1-l55","source":"τοῦ θυγάτηρ δύστηνον ὀδυρόμενον κατερύκει,","translation":"His daughter holds back that wretched, grieving man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατερύκει","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"δύστηνον","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of κατερύκει","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενον","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies δύστηνον","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κατερύκει","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds back"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b1-l56","source":"αἰεὶ δὲ μαλακοῖσι καὶ αἱμυλίοισι λόγοισιν","translation":"and always with soft and coaxing words","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέλγει","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαλακοῖσι","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἱμυλίοισι","lemma":"αἱμύλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"coaxing","note":"αἱμύλιος ('wheedling, cajoling') is a rare, pointedly negative word — it frames Calypso's sweet talk as manipulation, not mere kindness."},{"surface":"λόγοισιν","lemma":"λόγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θέλγει","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b1-l57","source":"θέλγει, ὅπως Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"she beguiles him, so that he forgets Ithaca; but Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέλγει","title":"thelgo: to enchant, beguile","body":"θέλγω means to charm or bewitch, often with words or magic. It captures Calypso's seductive spellbinding power over Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"θέλγει","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beguiles"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιλήσεται","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἐπιλήσεται","lemma":"ἐπιλήθω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"forgets"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱμείρεται","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b1-l58","source":"ἱέμενος καὶ καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι","translation":"longing even to see the smoke rising up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενος","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καπνὸν","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοῆσαι","gloss":"smoke","note":"smoke rising from one's own hearth is a Homeric shorthand for home itself — Odysseus longs simply to glimpse Ithaca's chimney-smoke."},{"surface":"ἀποθρῴσκοντα","lemma":"ἀποθρῴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies καπνὸν","gloss":"rising up"},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἱέμενος","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b1-l59","source":"ἧς γαίης, θανέειν ἱμείρεται. οὐδέ νυ σοί περ","translation":"from his own land, yearns to die. And yet your","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποθρῴσκοντα","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"θανέειν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἱμείρεται","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"ἱμείρεται","lemma":"ἱμείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yearns","note":"θανέειν ἱμείρεται — yearning to die (rather than live on with a goddess) captures how badly Odysseus wants only his mortal home."},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b1-l60","source":"ἐντρέπεται φίλον ἦτορ, Ὀλύμπιε. οὔ νύ τʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"heart is unmoved, Olympian one. Did Odysseus not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντρέπεται","lemma":"ἐντρέπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is moved"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐντρέπεται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιε","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Olympian one"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαρίζετο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(connective)"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαρίζετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b1-l61","source":"Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ χαρίζετο ἱερὰ ῥέζων","translation":"win your favor with sacrifices beside the Argive ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"χαρίζετο","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"win favor"},{"surface":"ἱερὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζων","gloss":"sacrifices"},{"surface":"ῥέζων","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαρίζετο","gloss":"offering","note":"ῥέζων ἱερά ('doing sacred things') is the standard Homeric idiom for performing sacrifice — 'ῥέζω' here means 'to perform (a rite),' not just generic 'do.'"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b1-l62","source":"Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ; τί νύ οἱ τόσον ὠδύσαο, Ζεῦ;","translation":"in broad Troy? Why then are you so angry with him, Zeus?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l62.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠδύσαο","title":"A pun on Odysseus' name","body":"The verb ὀδύσσομαι (\"to be angry, to bear a grudge\") echoes the name Ὀδυσσεύς. Homer plays on the hero's name as \"the man of wrath / the one others rage at.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to Τροίῃ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠδύσαο","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠδύσαο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὠδύσαο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὠδύσαο","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ὠδύσαο","lemma":"ὀδύσσομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were angry","note":"ὠδύσαο, aorist of ὀδύσσομαι 'to be angry with,' is the very verb the hero's name Ὀδυσσεύς plays on — Athena's word choice is a pointed pun on 'Odysseus.'"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b1-l63","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νεφεληγερέτα","title":"Cloud-gatherer","body":"νεφεληγερέτα is Zeus's standing epithet, \"gatherer of clouds.\" Though the ending looks feminine, it is a masculine Homeric formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer","note":"νεφεληγερέτα is Zeus's standing epithet ('cloud-gatherer'), a formulaic noun-title that fills out the line whenever he speaks or acts."},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b1-l64","source":"τέκνον ἐμόν, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων.","translation":"\"My child, what a word has escaped the barrier of your teeth!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l64.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕρκος ὀδόντων","title":"\"The barrier of the teeth\"","body":"ἕρκος ὀδόντων, \"the fence of the teeth,\" is a vivid Homeric formula for the mouth: words slip past the teeth as past a gate."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπος","title":"The lost digamma (ϝέπος)","body":"«ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν» — «ἔπος» ('word') was once «ϝέπος», with initial digamma (w). Though unwritten, its ghost blocks the expected elision, leaving the hiatus «σε ἔπος» instead of «σ' ἔπος» — and the line scans once you restore the w."}],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ποῖόν","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has escaped","note":"'what word has escaped the barrier of your teeth' (ἕρκος ὀδόντων) is a famous Homeric formula for a rash or surprising utterance — teeth as a fence around speech."},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"barrier"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of teeth"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b1-l65","source":"πῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ θείοιο λαθοίμην,","translation":"How could I ever forget godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαθοίμην","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential marker)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαθοίμην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαθοίμην","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λαθοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"λαθοίμην","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forget","note":"πῶς ἂν ... λαθοίμην (optative + ἄν) is a potential optative — 'how could/would I forget,' expressing a strong rhetorical impossibility."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b1-l66","source":"ὃς περὶ μὲν νόον ἐστὶ βροτῶν, περὶ δʼ ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν","translation":"who is beyond all mortals in mind, and beyond all in offerings","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beyond","note":"the repeated περὶ μὲν ... περὶ δ᾽ ('beyond in this ... beyond in that') is a balanced Homeric μέν/δέ contrast praising Odysseus in two respects: mind and piety."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱρὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b1-l67","source":"ἀθανάτοισιν ἔδωκε, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν;","translation":"he gave to the immortal gods who hold the broad heaven?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"to the immortals","note":"Dative plural in -οισιν, the Homeric ending (not Attic -οις), typical epic dative."},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"he gave"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who","note":"τοὶ here functions as a relative pronoun (Homeric use of the article as relative), not 'the'."},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοῖσιν","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b1-l68","source":"ἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἀσκελὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"But Poseidon, holder of the earth, is forever","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l68.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γαιήοχος","title":"Earth-holder Poseidon","body":"γαιήοχος (earth-holder / earth-embracer) is Poseidon's fixed epithet, marking him as the god who encircles or sustains the earth. The distinct epithet ἐνοσίχθων (earth-shaker) describes his seismic power and appears at line 74."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεχόλωται","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-holder","note":"γαιήοχος, 'earth-holding', a fixed cult epithet of Poseidon as god of earthquakes and the sea."},{"surface":"ἀσκελὲς","lemma":"ἀσκελής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of κεχόλωται","gloss":"unrelentingly"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀσκελὲς","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b1-l69","source":"Κύκλωπος κεχόλωται, ὃν ὀφθαλμοῦ ἀλάωσεν,","translation":"stubbornly enraged over the Cyclops, whose eye he blinded —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωπος","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχόλωται","gloss":"at the Cyclops"},{"surface":"κεχόλωται","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is enraged","note":"Perfect κεχόλωται expresses a present, ongoing state of anger resulting from a past act — 'stands enraged.'"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῦ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάωσεν","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ἀλάωσεν","lemma":"ἀλαόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κύκλωπος","gloss":"he blinded"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b1-l70","source":"ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον, ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον","translation":"godlike Polyphemus, whose strength is greatest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύφημον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Πολύφημον","lemma":"Πολύφημος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Polyphemus"},{"surface":"ὅου","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πολύφημον","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest","note":"μέγιστον, superlative of μέγας — Homer marks Polyphemus as strongest even among monstrous Cyclopes."}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b1-l71","source":"πᾶσιν Κυκλώπεσσι· Θόωσα δέ μιν τέκε νύμφη,","translation":"of all the Cyclopes; the nymph Thoosa bore him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κυκλώπεσσι","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"Κυκλώπεσσι","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μέγιστον","gloss":"the Cyclopes"},{"surface":"Θόωσα","lemma":"Θόωσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Thoosa","note":"A minor sea-nymph named only here in Homer, daughter of Phorcys — introduces Polyphemus's divine parentage."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Θόωσα","gloss":"nymph"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b1-l72","source":"Φόρκυνος θυγάτηρ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο μέδοντος,","translation":"daughter of Phorcys, lord of the barren sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φόρκυνος","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Phorcys"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέδοντος","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετος, 'unharvestable/barren', a standing Homeric epithet for the sea as unfarmable, unlike land."},{"surface":"μέδοντος","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φόρκυνος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b1-l73","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι Ποσειδάωνι μιγεῖσα.","translation":"after she lay with Poseidon in the hollow caves.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l73.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μιγεῖσα","title":"Aorist passive participle","body":"μιγεῖσα is an aorist passive participle (\"having been joined / having lain with\"), a euphemism for sexual union. It agrees with Thoosa."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπέσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέσσι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μιγεῖσα","gloss":"with Poseidon"},{"surface":"μιγεῖσα","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τέκε","gloss":"having lain","note":"Aorist passive participle μιγεῖσα, 'having mingled with' — a common Homeric euphemism for sexual union."}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b1-l74","source":"ἐκ τοῦ δὴ Ὀδυσῆα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"Because of this, Poseidon the earth-shaker","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων, 'earth-shaker' — another standing epithet of Poseidon tied to his role causing earthquakes."}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b1-l75","source":"οὔ τι κατακτείνει, πλάζει δʼ ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης.","translation":"does not kill Odysseus outright, but drives him from his fatherland.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κατακτείνει","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kills"},{"surface":"πλάζει","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives astray","note":"πλάζει, 'makes wander/buffets' — root of Odysseus's whole wandering plot, echoing the poem's opening πλάγχθη."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b1-l76","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες","translation":"But come, let us all here take thought together","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l76.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"περιφραζώμεθα","title":"Hortatory subjunctive","body":"περιφραζώμεθα is a first-person plural subjunctive in the middle voice: \"let us deliberate together.\" This is the standard way Greek says \"let us...\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"ἄγε, an exhortative particle ('come now'), used to urge collective action — common in Homeric speeches."},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of περιφραζώμεθα","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἡμεῖς","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"περιφραζώμεθα","lemma":"περιφράζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us take counsel","note":"Subjunctive hortatory 1st plural περιφραζώμεθα, 'let us all plan together' — a formal deliberative proposal among gods."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμεῖς","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b1-l77","source":"νόστον, ὅπως ἔλθῃσι· Ποσειδάων δὲ μεθήσει","translation":"of his return, how he may come home; and Poseidon will let go","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃσι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"he may come"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεθήσει","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθήσει","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will let go"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b1-l78","source":"ὃν χόλον· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι δυνήσεται ἀντία πάντων","translation":"his anger, for he can in no way, against all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθήσει","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"δυνήσεται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"ἀντία","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"preposition","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b1-l79","source":"ἀθανάτων ἀέκητι θεῶν ἐριδαινέμεν οἶος.","translation":"the immortal gods, strive on alone against their will.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀντία","gloss":"immortal","note":"Genitive plural ἀθανάτων θεῶν, 'against the will of the immortal gods' — belongs syntactically with l78's ἀντία πάντων across the line break, a classic Homeric enjambment."},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαινέμεν","gloss":"against the will"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐριδαινέμεν","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεται","gloss":"to strive"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b1-l80","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, 'gleaming/owl-eyed', Athena's fixed Homeric epithet, used almost every time she is introduced."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθῆναι","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b1-l81","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,","translation":"\"Our father, son of Kronos, highest of rulers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father","note":"Vocative πάτερ addressing Zeus — Athena's formal opening address in the divine council speech."},{"surface":"ἡμέτερε","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"son of Kronos"},{"surface":"ὕπατε","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"κρειόντων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕπατε","gloss":"of rulers"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b1-l82","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ νῦν τοῦτο φίλον μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν,","translation":"if indeed this is now the pleasure of the blessed gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b1-l83","source":"νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε,","translation":"that wise Odysseus return to his own home,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστῆσαι","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύφρονα","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"wise","note":"πολύφρων, 'much-thinking/resourceful' — a recurring epithet marking Odysseus's cunning intelligence."},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"to his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"home","note":"δόμονδε, an adverb with the directional suffix -δε ('to/toward home'), a hallmark Homeric motion-formation not found in later Attic Greek."}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b1-l84","source":"Ἑρμείαν μὲν ἔπειτα διάκτορον ἀργεϊφόντην","translation":"then let us send Hermes the guide, slayer of Argus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνομεν","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνομεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διάκτορον","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείαν","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντην","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείαν","gloss":"slayer of Argus","note":"Ἀργειφόντης, Hermes's standing epithet recalling his slaying of the hundred-eyed giant Argus."}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b1-l85","source":"νῆσον ἐς Ὠγυγίην ὀτρύνομεν, ὄφρα τάχιστα","translation":"to the island of Ogygia, so that with all speed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρα τάχιστα","title":"Purpose clause","body":"ὄφρα introduces a purpose clause (\"so that\"), here with τάχιστα, \"as quickly as possible.\" Athena lays out her plan in linked purpose clauses."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὠγυγίην","lemma":"Ὠγυγία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῆσον","gloss":"Ogygia"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνομεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us send"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃ","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b1-l86","source":"νύμφῃ ἐυπλοκάμῳ εἴπῃ νημερτέα βουλήν,","translation":"he may tell the fair-haired nymph our unerring decree,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφῃ","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴπῃ","gloss":"to the nymph"},{"surface":"ἐυπλοκάμῳ","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νύμφῃ","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he may tell"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"unerring"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"decree"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b1-l87","source":"νόστον Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος, ὥς κε νέηται·","translation":"the homecoming of steadfast Odysseus, that he may return.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"steadfast","note":"ταλασίφρων, 'enduring-hearted' — an epithet stressing Odysseus's patience and endurance, distinct from πολύφρων's cunning."},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"νέηται","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"he may return"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b1-l88","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν Ἰθάκηνδʼ ἐσελεύσομαι, ὄφρα οἱ υἱὸν","translation":"And I myself will go to Ithaca, so that his son","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσελεύσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκηνδ","lemma":"Ἰθάκηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐσελεύσομαι","gloss":"to Ithaca","note":"Ἰθάκηνδε, place-name plus directional -δε suffix ('to Ithaca'), same construction as δόμονδε above."},{"surface":"ἐσελεύσομαι","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνω","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b1-l89","source":"μᾶλλον ἐποτρύνω καί οἱ μένος ἐν φρεσὶ θείω,","translation":"I may rouse the more, and put courage in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποτρύνω","gloss":"the more"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνω","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"I may rouse"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θείω","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"put","note":"Subjunctive θείω from τίθημι — Athena's plan for Telemachus, 'that I may put courage in his heart.'"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b1-l90","source":"εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσαντα κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"to call the long-haired Achaeans into assembly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς","title":"Long-haired Achaeans","body":"\"Long-haired Achaeans\" is a recurring epithet-formula for the Greeks, marking warrior status. The hair was a sign of free-born nobility."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"καλέσαντα","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject of ἀπειπέμεν","gloss":"having called"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"long-haired","note":"κάρη κομόωντας, literally 'flowing-haired as to the head' — a fixed Homeric formula for the Achaeans, marking them as a warrior people."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καλέσαντα","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b1-l91","source":"πᾶσι μνηστήρεσσιν ἀπειπέμεν, οἵ τέ οἱ αἰεὶ","translation":"and to renounce all the suitors, who keep on","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρεσσιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπειπέμεν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀπειπέμεν","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"to renounce"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σφάζουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic particle)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σφάζουσι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σφάζουσι","gloss":"continually"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b1-l92","source":"μῆλʼ ἁδινὰ σφάζουσι καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς.","translation":"slaughtering his thronging sheep and his shambling, twist-horned cattle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆλ","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἁδινὰ","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλ᾽","gloss":"in droves"},{"surface":"σφάζουσι","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστήρεσσιν","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλίποδας","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling","note":"εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς, 'rolling-footed, curved-horned cattle' — a formulaic double epithet for oxen typical of oral epic diction."},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"twist-horned"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b1-l93","source":"πέμψω δʼ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα","translation":"And I will send him to Sparta and to sandy Pylos","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will send"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σπάρτην","lemma":"Σπάρτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Sparta"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντα","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"sandy","note":"ἠμαθόεις, 'sandy', a standing geographic epithet for Pylos in Homer, echoed in later Greek poetry."}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b1-l94","source":"νόστον πευσόμενον πατρὸς φίλου, ἤν που ἀκούσῃ,","translation":"to learn of his dear father's return, if he may hear of it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πευσόμενον","gloss":"news of return"},{"surface":"πευσόμενον","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to learn"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of his father"},{"surface":"φίλου","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"he may hear"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b1-l95","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔχῃσιν.","translation":"and so that noble fame may be his among men.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l95.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos: glory, fame","body":"κλέος is the renown won through great deeds and preserved in song—the hero's path to a kind of immortality. Here Telemachus is to earn his own."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔχῃσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may have","note":"Subjunctive after ἵνα expresses purpose: 'so that he may have.'"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b1-l96","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"So saying, she bound beneath her feet her lovely sandals,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"her feet"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound on herself","note":"Middle voice: she bound the sandals onto her own feet."},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b1-l97","source":"ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν","translation":"immortal, golden, which bore her over the water","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβρόσια","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέδιλα","gloss":"carried her"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὑγρὴν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐφ᾽","gloss":"the sea","note":"Substantivized adjective: 'the wet [element],' i.e. the sea."}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b1-l98","source":"ἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο·","translation":"and over the boundless earth with the breath of the wind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"πνοιῇς","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"the gusts"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇς","gloss":"of the wind"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b1-l99","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ἀκαχμένον ὀξέι χαλκῷ,","translation":"She took her strong spear, tipped with sharp bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"tipped, sharpened"},{"surface":"ὀξέι","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχμένον","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b1-l100","source":"βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν, τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"heavy, huge, and stout, with which she subdues the ranks of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βριθὺ","lemma":"βριθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of δάμνησι","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"δάμνησι","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔγχος","gloss":"she subdues","note":"δάμνημι, an athematic -μι verb form ('subdues, tames') describing Athena's spear."},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δάμνησι","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b1-l101","source":"ἡρώων, τοῖσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη.","translation":"of heroes against whom she, daughter of a mighty father, is angered.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l101.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","title":"\"Of a mighty father\"","body":"ὀβριμοπάτρη is an epithet of Athena, \"daughter of a strong father\" (Zeus). The compound packs a whole relationship into one word."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of heroes"},{"surface":"τοῖσίν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of κοτέσσεται","gloss":"against whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated particle)"},{"surface":"κοτέσσεται","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"she is angered"},{"surface":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","lemma":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κοτέσσεται","gloss":"daughter of a mighty father","note":"ὀβριμοπάτρη is a compound epithet unique to Athena, 'she of the mighty father,' typical of Homeric formulaic language."}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b1-l102","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀίξασα,","translation":"She went darting down from the peaks of Olympus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήνων","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"καρήνων","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ἀίξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"darting","note":"Aorist participle ἀίξασα conveys swift, sudden motion accompanying the main verb βῆ, a common Homeric pairing."}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b1-l103","source":"στῆ δʼ Ἰθάκης ἐνὶ δήμῳ ἐπὶ προθύροις Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"and stood in the land of Ithaca, at the gates of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"προθύροις","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies προθύροις","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b1-l104","source":"οὐδοῦ ἐπʼ αὐλείου· παλάμῃ δʼ ἔχε χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"on the threshold of the court; in her hand she held the bronze spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδοῦ","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the threshold"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὐλείου","lemma":"αὔλειος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδοῦ","gloss":"of the court"},{"surface":"παλάμῃ","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"in her hand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she held"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"spear","note":"χάλκεον ἔγχος, 'bronze spear,' a recurring epic phrase marking Athena's warrior aspect even in disguise."}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b1-l105","source":"εἰδομένη ξείνῳ, Ταφίων ἡγήτορι Μέντῃ.","translation":"in the likeness of a stranger, Mentes, leader of the Taphians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l105.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰδομένη","title":"Participle of disguise","body":"εἰδομένη is a middle participle, \"making herself look like.\" Athena's habit of taking mortal disguise is conveyed by this recurring participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies","gloss":"looking like"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"a stranger"},{"surface":"Ταφίων","lemma":"Τάφιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορι","gloss":"of the Taphians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορι","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέντῃ","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Μέντῃ","lemma":"Μέντης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Mentes","note":"Athena disguises herself as Mentes, a concrete named guise typical of divine epiphanies in Homer."}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b1-l106","source":"εὗρε δʼ ἄρα μνηστῆρας ἀγήνορας. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"There she found the proud suitors. They at that moment","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτερπον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated particle)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at that moment"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b1-l107","source":"πεσσοῖσι προπάροιθε θυράων θυμὸν ἔτερπον","translation":"were delighting their hearts with draughts before the doors,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεσσοῖσι","lemma":"πεσσός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔτερπον","gloss":"with draughts","note":"πεσσοῖσι, 'gaming pieces/draughts,' shows the suitors idling at board games before Odysseus's house."},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"the doors"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτερπον","gloss":"their hearts"},{"surface":"ἔτερπον","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were delighting"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b1-l108","source":"ἥμενοι ἐν ῥινοῖσι βοῶν, οὓς ἔκτανον αὐτοί·","translation":"sitting on the hides of the oxen they themselves had slaughtered;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτερπον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ῥινοῖσι","lemma":"ῥινός","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ῥινοῖσι","gloss":"of oxen"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκτανον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔκτανον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βοῶν","gloss":"they had slaughtered"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves","note":"αὐτοί emphasizes the suitors' own agency in slaughtering the oxen, underscoring their wastefulness."}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b1-l109","source":"κήρυκες δʼ αὐτοῖσι καὶ ὀτρηροὶ θεράποντες","translation":"and the heralds and busy attendants were with them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρηροὶ","lemma":"ὀτρηρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"busy"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b1-l110","source":"οἱ μὲν οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ὕδωρ,","translation":"some mixing wine and water in the bowls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμισγον","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated particle)"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔμισγον","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were mixing"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρητῆρσι","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bowls"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b1-l111","source":"οἱ δʼ αὖτε σπόγγοισι πολυτρήτοισι τραπέζας","translation":"while others with porous sponges wiped down the tables","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated particle)"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"σπόγγοισι","lemma":"σπόγγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νίζον","gloss":"with sponges"},{"surface":"πολυτρήτοισι","lemma":"πολύτρητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σπόγγοισι","gloss":"porous","note":"πολυτρήτοισι, 'many-holed,' a vivid compound adjective for sponges, showing Homeric love of precise compound epithets even for mundane objects."},{"surface":"τραπέζας","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"tables"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b1-l112","source":"νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν, τοὶ δὲ κρέα πολλὰ δατεῦντο.","translation":"and set them out, and still others carved many portions of meat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίζον","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were wiping"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρότιθεν","lemma":"προθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were setting out"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of δατεῦντο","gloss":"still others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δατεῦντο","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"many portions"},{"surface":"δατεῦντο","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carving"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b1-l113","source":"τὴν δὲ πολὺ πρῶτος ἴδε Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής,","translation":"Godlike Telemachus was by far the first to see her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοειδής","title":"\"godlike\" Telemachus","body":"A standard formulaic epithet, literally \"godlike in form.\" Homer applies such fixed descriptors to many heroes regardless of context."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πρῶτος","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοειδής, a stock Homeric epithet for a hero, here marking Telemachus's introduction as a figure of note."}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b1-l114","source":"ἧστο γὰρ ἐν μνηστῆρσι φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ,","translation":"for he sat among the suitors with his heart grieved,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"he sat","note":"ἧστο is pluperfect in form but functions as a simple past, describing his ongoing state among the suitors."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear/his own"},{"surface":"τετιημένος","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἤτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τετιημένος","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b1-l115","source":"ὀσσόμενος πατέρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, εἴ ποθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"imagining his noble father in his mind, in case from somewhere he might come","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀσσόμενος","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"imagining"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀσσόμενος","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his mind"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having come","note":"ἐλθὼν sets up a hoped-for hypothetical return of Odysseus, part of a long conditional wish spanning several lines."}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b1-l116","source":"μνηστήρων τῶν μὲν σκέδασιν κατὰ δώματα θείη,","translation":"and scatter the suitors throughout the halls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σκέδασιν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"(untranslated article)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated particle)"},{"surface":"σκέδασιν","lemma":"σκέδασις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θείη","gloss":"a scattering"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"θείη","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might make","note":"Optative θείη continues Telemachus's imagined wish, part of the εἴ...θείη conditional chain."}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b1-l117","source":"τιμὴν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχοι καὶ δώμασιν οἷσιν ἀνάσσοι.","translation":"and hold the honor himself and be lord over his own house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l117.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔχοι ... ἀνάσσοι","title":"Optatives of wish","body":"Both verbs are present optatives expressing the content of Telemachus' hoped-for scenario. The optative often marks unreal or merely imagined situations in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"τιμὴν","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοι","gloss":"the honor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχοι","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἔχοι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might hold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δώμασιν","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσοι","gloss":"his house"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δώμασιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσοι","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might be lord over"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b1-l118","source":"τὰ φρονέων, μνηστῆρσι μεθήμενος, εἴσιδʼ Ἀθήνην.","translation":"Thinking of these things, sitting among the suitors, he caught sight of Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴσιδ᾽","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεθήμενος","gloss":"among the suitors"},{"surface":"εἴσιδ","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he caught sight of"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσιδ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b1-l119","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς προθύροιο, νεμεσσήθη δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"He went straight to the doorway, indignant in his heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"προθύροιο","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to the doorway"},{"surface":"νεμεσσήθη","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was indignant","note":"νεμεσσήθη conveys righteous indignation/anger at the impropriety of a guest left unattended, not shame."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his heart"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b1-l120","source":"ξεῖνον δηθὰ θύρῃσιν ἐφεστάμεν· ἐγγύθι δὲ στὰς","translation":"that a stranger should stand long at the doors; and standing near her","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφεστάμεν","gloss":"a stranger"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφεστάμεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"θύρῃσιν","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφεστάμεν","gloss":"at the doors"},{"surface":"ἐφεστάμεν","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of νεμεσσήθη","gloss":"should stand","note":"Perfect infinitive ἐφεστάμεν stresses a stranger left standing (an ongoing state), the breach of hospitality Telemachus reacts to."},{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στὰς","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b1-l121","source":"χεῖρʼ ἕλε δεξιτερὴν καὶ ἐδέξατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"he took her right hand and received the bronze spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"her hand"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"δεξιτερὴν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρ᾽","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he received"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b1-l122","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to her he addressed her with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"\"winged words\"","body":"One of Homer's most famous formulas, introducing direct speech. The image is of words flying swiftly from speaker to listener."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φωνήσας","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' a famous Homeric formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b1-l123","source":"χαῖρε, ξεῖνε, παρʼ ἄμμι φιλήσεαι· αὐτὰρ\n                     ἔπειτα","translation":"\"Welcome, stranger; you will be treated kindly among us; and then later,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"φιλήσεαι","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be treated kindly"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθήσεαι","gloss":"then later"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b1-l124","source":"δείπνου πασσάμενος μυθήσεαι ὅττεό σε χρή.","translation":"once you have tasted dinner, you shall tell us what you need.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείπνου","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πασσάμενος","gloss":"of dinner"},{"surface":"πασσάμενος","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθήσεαι","gloss":"having tasted","note":"πασσάμενος, 'having partaken of,' reflects the Homeric convention that guests eat before speaking of their business."},{"surface":"μυθήσεαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall tell"},{"surface":"ὅττεό","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of χρή","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of χρή","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρή","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μυθήσεαι","gloss":"you need"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b1-l125","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἡγεῖθʼ, ἡ δʼ ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"So saying he led the way, and Pallas Athena followed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεῖθ᾽","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"ἡγεῖθ","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he led the way"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕσπετο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b1-l126","source":"οἱ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἔντοσθεν ἔσαν δόμου ὑψηλοῖο,","translation":"And when they were inside the lofty house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they were"},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμου","gloss":"lofty"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b1-l127","source":"ἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα μακρὴν","translation":"he carried the spear and set it against a tall pillar,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ῥ' = ἄρα elided; a common Homeric filler particle marking narrative sequence, easy to miss when scanning."},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set/stood it"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"κίονα","lemma":"κίων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"μακρὴν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κίονα","gloss":"tall","note":"κίων is treated as feminine here though later Greek makes it masculine/feminine variably — a good spot to flag Homeric gender flexibility."}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b1-l128","source":"δουροδόκης ἔντοσθεν ἐυξόου, ἔνθα περ ἄλλα","translation":"inside the well-polished spear-rack, where also many other","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουροδόκης","lemma":"δουροδόκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"spear-rack"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐυξόου","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δουροδόκης","gloss":"well-polished","note":"εὔξοος 'well-planed/polished' is a compound epithet (εὖ + ξέω) typical of Homeric craftsman-object description."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵστατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἵστατο","gloss":"other (spears)"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b1-l129","source":"ἔγχεʼ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἵστατο πολλά,","translation":"spears of enduring-hearted Odysseus were standing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l129.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταλασίφρονος","title":"\"enduring-hearted\" Odysseus","body":"A recurring epithet of Odysseus, marking his capacity to endure hardship. Homer's epithets characterize a hero with a single fixed trait across the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχε","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵστατο","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔγχε᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"enduring-hearted","note":"ταλασίφρων, 'much-enduring in spirit' — a recurring Odysseus epithet tied to his hallmark endurance (cf. πολύτλας)."},{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δουροδόκης","gloss":"were standing","note":"ἵστατο is intransitive middle/passive here ('stood, were standing'), contrasting with the transitive active ἔστησε in l.127 — same verb, different voice and sense."},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχε᾽","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b1-l130","source":"αὐτὴν δʼ ἐς θρόνον εἷσεν ἄγων, ὑπὸ λῖτα πετάσσας,","translation":"and he led her to a chair and seated her, spreading a linen cloth beneath,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of εἷσεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated her"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσεν","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λῖτα","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"linen cloth"},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσεν","gloss":"spreading","note":"πετάσσας (aorist participle of πετάννυμι) pictures the action as completed just before the seating — a vivid Homeric touch of household ceremony for a guest."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b1-l131","source":"καλὸν δαιδάλεον· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν.","translation":"a fine and finely-wrought one; and there was a footstool under her feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"δαιδάλεον","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"finely-wrought","note":"δαιδάλεος evokes Daedalus-like craftsmanship; used of ornately worked objects throughout Homer."},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρῆνυς","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"footstool"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θρῆνυς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b1-l132","source":"πὰρ δʼ αὐτὸς κλισμὸν θέτο ποικίλον, ἔκτοθεν ἄλλων","translation":"Beside it he set for himself an inlaid seat, apart from the others,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"κλισμὸν","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set (for himself)","note":"θέτο is middle voice ('set for himself'), matching αὐτὸς — Telemachus arranges his own seat, distinct from the guest's chair just described."},{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κλισμὸν","gloss":"inlaid, ornate"},{"surface":"ἔκτοθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b1-l133","source":"μνηστήρων, μὴ ξεῖνος ἀνιηθεὶς ὀρυμαγδῷ","translation":"from the suitors, so that the stranger, troubled by the uproar,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκτοθεν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἁδήσειεν","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἀνιηθεὶς","lemma":"ἀνιάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"troubled","note":"ἀνιηθεὶς, aorist passive participle, sets up a purpose clause (μὴ...ἁδήσειεν) explaining why Telemachus seats the guest apart from the rowdy suitors."},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδῷ","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνιηθεὶς","gloss":"by the uproar"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b1-l134","source":"δείπνῳ ἁδήσειεν, ὑπερφιάλοισι μετελθών,","translation":"should not be put off his food, falling among arrogant men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείπνῳ","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἁδήσειεν","gloss":"his meal"},{"surface":"ἁδήσειεν","lemma":"ἀδέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"should be put off","note":"ἁδήσειεν, aorist optative, expresses a negative purpose ('so that he not be annoyed/put off') — classic Homeric optative-of-purpose construction with μή."},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετελθών","gloss":"arrogant men"},{"surface":"μετελθών","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"falling among, joining"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b1-l135","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν περὶ πατρὸς ἀποιχομένοιο ἔροιτο.","translation":"and so that he might ask him about his absent father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔροιτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"absent, gone away","note":"ἀποιχομένοιο, genitive participle 'having gone away,' is the standard Homeric euphemism for Odysseus's uncertain fate/absence."},{"surface":"ἔροιτο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might ask"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b1-l136","source":"χέρνιβα δʼ ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε φέρουσα","translation":"A maidservant brought water and poured it from a pitcher","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρνιβα","lemma":"χέρνιψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"water for washing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολος","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"a maidservant"},{"surface":"προχόῳ","lemma":"πρόχοος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"pitcher"},{"surface":"ἐπέχευε","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέχευε","gloss":"bringing, carrying"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b1-l137","source":"καλῇ χρυσείῃ, ὑπὲρ ἀργυρέοιο λέβητος,","translation":"of fine gold, over a silver basin,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies προχόῳ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"χρυσείῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies προχόῳ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοιο","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητος","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"λέβητος","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"basin","note":"The formulaic hand-washing scene (gold pitcher over a silver basin) is a stock Homeric hospitality motif repeated before meals throughout the epics."}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b1-l138","source":"νίψασθαι· παρὰ δὲ ξεστὴν ἐτάνυσσε τράπεζαν.","translation":"for washing; and she drew up a polished table beside them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίψασθαι","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"for washing"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξεστὴν","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζαν","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew up, set"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b1-l139","source":"σῖτον δʼ αἰδοίη ταμίη παρέθηκε φέρουσα,","translation":"A respected housekeeper brought bread and set it out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ταμίη","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέθηκε","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"παρέθηκε","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b1-l140","source":"εἴδατα πόλλʼ ἐπιθεῖσα, χαριζομένη παρεόντων·","translation":"laying on many dishes, freely giving from her stores;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴδατα","lemma":"εἶδαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιθεῖσα","gloss":"dishes, foodstuffs"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἴδατα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖσα","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"laying on"},{"surface":"χαριζομένη","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"freely giving","note":"χαριζομένη 'giving graciously/generously' underscores the housekeeper's warm hospitality, echoing the poem's larger theme of guest-welcome (xenia)."},{"surface":"παρεόντων","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"object of χαριζομένη","gloss":"her stores, what was on hand"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b1-l141","source":"δαιτρὸς δὲ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας","translation":"and a carver lifted and set before them platters of meat","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιτρὸς","lemma":"δαιτρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέθηκεν","gloss":"a carver"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies πίνακας","gloss":"of meat"},{"surface":"πίνακας","lemma":"πίναξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκεν","gloss":"platters"},{"surface":"παρέθηκεν","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set before them"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκεν","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b1-l142","source":"παντοίων, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει χρύσεια κύπελλα·","translation":"of every kind, and set golden cups beside them;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίων","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρειῶν","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set, placed"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύπελλα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"κύπελλα","lemma":"κύπελλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"cups"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b1-l143","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ αὐτοῖσιν θάμʼ ἐπῴχετο οἰνοχοεύων.","translation":"and a herald came round to them again and again, pouring the wine.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"a herald"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσιν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"θάμ","lemma":"θαμά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"repeatedly, again and again"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came round"},{"surface":"οἰνοχοεύων","lemma":"οἰνοχοεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"pouring wine","note":"οἰνοχοεύων, a Homeric compound ('pouring wine'), is the technical term for the cupbearer's duty at a feast, recurring across both epics."}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b1-l144","source":"ἐς δʼ ἦλθον μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"Then the lordly suitors came in. They then","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"lordly, manly","note":"ἀγήνωρ 'manly, overbearing' is a formulaic epithet often applied to the suitors, hinting at their arrogance even in a neutral description."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of ἕζοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζοντο","gloss":"then, next"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b1-l145","source":"ἑξείης ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε,","translation":"sat down in order on the seats and chairs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζοντο","gloss":"in order, one after another"},{"surface":"ἕζοντο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κλισμούς","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνους","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b1-l146","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,","translation":"and heralds poured water over their hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχευαν","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχευαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b1-l147","source":"σῖτον δὲ δμῳαὶ παρενήνεον ἐν κανέοισιν,","translation":"and serving-women heaped up bread in baskets,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρενήνεον","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of παρενήνεον","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"παρενήνεον","lemma":"παρανηνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped up"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κανέοισιν","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"baskets"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b1-l148","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο.","translation":"and young men filled the mixing-bowls to the brim with drink.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"mixing-bowls"},{"surface":"ἐπεστέψαντο","lemma":"ἐπιστέφω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled to the brim","note":"ἐπιστέφω 'crown/heap up to the brim' vividly literalizes abundance — the wine bowls are 'crowned' with drink."},{"surface":"ποτοῖο","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"with drink"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b1-l149","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"And they reached out their hands to the good things laid ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things, food"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"laid before them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out","note":"χεῖρας ἴαλλον ('cast/threw their hands') is a Homeric formula for beginning to eat, found almost verbatim at other feast scenes in both epics."}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b1-l150","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(intensifying)"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put away","note":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, 'they let go their desire,' is a set Homeric formula for satisfying hunger/thirst before turning to other business — signals a scene transition."}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b1-l151","source":"μνηστῆρες, τοῖσιν μὲν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἄλλα μεμήλει,","translation":"the suitors, other things were on their minds,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕντο","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεμήλει","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"their minds"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative dual feminine adjective","role":"subject of μεμήλει","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"μεμήλει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were on their minds","note":"μεμήλει, pluperfect of μέλω ('it had been a care to...'), a common Homeric idiom for what occupies someone's thoughts."}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b1-l152","source":"μολπή τʼ ὀρχηστύς τε· τὰ γάρ τʼ ἀναθήματα δαιτός·","translation":"song and dancing; for these are the ornaments of a feast.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μολπή","lemma":"μολπή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστύς","lemma":"ὀρχηστύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"dancing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἀναθήματα","lemma":"ἀνάθημα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ornaments","note":"ἀναθήματα, lit. 'things dedicated/set up,' here means the customary embellishments of a feast — song and dance as its crowning adornments."},{"surface":"δαιτός","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀναθήματα","gloss":"of a feast"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b1-l153","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν κίθαριν περικαλλέα θῆκεν","translation":"A herald placed a beautiful lyre in the hands","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"a herald"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"κίθαριν","lemma":"κίθαρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κίθαριν","gloss":"beautiful","note":"περικαλλής, 'exceedingly beautiful' (περί- intensifying prefix + καλός), a common Homeric superlative-by-compounding for prized objects."},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b1-l154","source":"Φημίῳ, ὅς ῥʼ ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"of Phemius, who sang among the suitors under compulsion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φημίῳ","lemma":"Φήμιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"of Phemius"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤειδε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἤειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Φημίῳ","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤειδε","gloss":"under compulsion","note":"ἀνάγκῃ 'by necessity/compulsion' signals Phemius is an unwilling court-poet forced to entertain the suitors — a detail that matters later when Odysseus spares him."}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b1-l155","source":"ἦ τοι ὁ φορμίζων ἀνεβάλλετο καλὸν ἀείδειν.","translation":"He struck up on the lyre and began to sing a fine song.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic, untranslated)","note":"ἦ τοι (=ἤτοι) is a fixed Homeric particle pair opening a clause with emphasis ('verily, now') — not the confiding 'you know' sense τοι has in later Attic dialogue."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνεβάλλετο","gloss":"he (the bard)"},{"surface":"φορμίζων","lemma":"φορμίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεβάλλετο","gloss":"playing the lyre"},{"surface":"ἀνεβάλλετο","lemma":"ἀναβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck up","note":"ἀναβάλλομαι is the technical verb for a bard's sung prelude — 'struck up' a song, not merely 'began.'"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀείδειν","gloss":"fine, beautiful"},{"surface":"ἀείδειν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνεβάλλετο","gloss":"to sing"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b1-l156","source":"αὐτὰρ Τηλέμαχος προσέφη γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην,","translation":"But Telemachus spoke to gray-eyed Athena,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l156.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπιν","title":"\"gray-eyed\" Athena","body":"The fixed epithet of Athena, variously rendered \"gray-eyed\" or \"bright-eyed.\" The root suggests a piercing, gleaming gaze associated with the goddess."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"προσέφη is an old athematic form of φημί, common in Homer's speech-introductions but rare later."},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπιν","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνην","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's fixed epithet — a formulaic epithet-noun pair repeated whenever she is named."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b1-l157","source":"ἄγχι σχὼν κεφαλήν, ἵνα μὴ πευθοίαθʼ οἱ ἄλλοι·","translation":"holding his head close, so that the others would not hear:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχὼν","gloss":"close, near"},{"surface":"σχὼν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"holding","note":"σχὼν is the aorist participle of ἔχω — the aorist aspect marks the head-bending as a single completed gesture."},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχὼν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πευθοίαθ","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"would hear","note":"the optative after ἵνα μὴ expresses purpose in secondary sequence — 'so that they might not hear.'"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πευθοίαθ᾽","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b1-l158","source":"ξεῖνε φίλʼ, ἦ καί μοι νεμεσήσεαι ὅττι κεν εἴπω;","translation":"\"Dear stranger, will you be angry with me at what I am about to say?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even, also"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσεαι","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσεαι","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you be angry"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κεν with the subjunctive εἴπω gives a future-vivid nuance — 'whatever I am about to say.'"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of νεμεσήσεαι","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b1-l159","source":"τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή,","translation":"These men care only for such things, the lyre and song,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτοισιν","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μέλει","gloss":"for these men"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrastive particle)"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μέλει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is a care","note":"μέλει is an impersonal verb taking a dative of person (τούτοισιν) and nominative of the thing cared about — 'a matter of concern to them.'"},{"surface":"κίθαρις","lemma":"κίθαρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδή","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b1-l160","source":"ῥεῖʼ, ἐπεὶ ἀλλότριον βίοτον νήποινον ἔδουσιν,","translation":"easily, since they devour another man's livelihood unpunished,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖ","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλει","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἀλλότριον","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"νήποινον","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔδουσιν","gloss":"unpunished","note":"νήποινον, 'without penalty,' is Telemachus's bitter jab — the suitors feast free of consequence."},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they devour"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b1-l161","source":"ἀνέρος, οὗ δή που λεύκʼ ὀστέα πύθεται ὄμβρῳ","translation":"a man whose white bones, I suppose, are rotting in the rain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείμεν᾽","gloss":"I suppose"},{"surface":"λεύκ","lemma":"λεύκη","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πύθεται","gloss":"bones","note":"'white bones rotting in rain' is a grim Homeric formula for an unburied corpse — vivid and formulaic pathos."},{"surface":"πύθεται","lemma":"πύθω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"are rotting"},{"surface":"ὄμβρῳ","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πύθεται","gloss":"in rain"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b1-l162","source":"κείμενʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου, ἢ εἰν ἁλὶ κῦμα κυλίνδει.","translation":"lying somewhere on the mainland, or the wave rolls them in the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμεν","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the mainland"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"εἰν is the epic lengthened form of ἐν, used metri gratia to fill the line."},{"surface":"ἁλὶ","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κυλίνδει","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"κυλίνδει","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"rolls"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b1-l163","source":"εἰ κεῖνόν γʼ Ἰθάκηνδε ἰδοίατο νοστήσαντα,","translation":"If they were to see him returned to Ithaca,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεῖνόν","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἰδοίατο","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic particle)"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκηνδε","lemma":"Ἰθάκηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσαντα","gloss":"to Ithaca","note":"the directional suffix -δε ('to/toward') attached right to the place name is a distinctly Homeric way of marking motion, with no preposition needed."},{"surface":"ἰδοίατο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were to see","note":"ἰδοίατο is an epic 3rd-plural optative ending (-οίατο for -οιντο) — a metrically convenient alternate form."},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies κεῖνόν","gloss":"having returned"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b1-l164","source":"πάντες κʼ ἀρησαίατʼ ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι","translation":"they would all pray to be swifter of foot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀρησαίατʼ","title":"Optative with the particle κε","body":"The optative with κε (ἄν) expresses a hypothetical result: \"they would pray.\" Homer often spells this third-plural middle ending -αίατο instead of later -αιντο."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀρησαίατ᾽","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἀρησαίατ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would pray"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρότεροι","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swifter"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐλαφρότεροι","gloss":"in feet"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀρησαίατ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b1-l165","source":"ἢ ἀφνειότεροι χρυσοῖό τε ἐσθῆτός τε.","translation":"rather than richer in gold and clothing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"rather than"},{"surface":"ἀφνειότεροι","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"richer"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖό","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"in gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθῆτός","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"in clothing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b1-l166","source":"νῦν δʼ ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε κακὸν μόρον, οὐδέ τις ἡμῖν","translation":"But now he has perished by an evil fate, nor is there for us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόλωλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrastive particle)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλωλε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἀπόλωλε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished","note":"ἀπόλωλε is a perfect with present force — 'he is (now, and remains) lost/dead,' stressing the finished state Telemachus laments."},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μόρον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπόλωλε","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θαλπωρή","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for us"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b1-l167","source":"θαλπωρή, εἴ πέρ τις ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"any comfort, even if some one of the men upon the earth","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαλπωρή","lemma":"θαλπωρή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"comfort"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φῇσιν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίων","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"earthly, mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b1-l168","source":"φῇσιν ἐλεύσεσθαι· τοῦ δʼ ὤλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ.","translation":"should say he will come; gone is the day of his return.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ","title":"\"day of homecoming\"","body":"A recurring phrase meaning the day of safe return home. To lose one's \"homecoming day\" is to die or be lost abroad."}],"words":[{"surface":"φῇσιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should say","note":"φῇσιν preserves the archaic athematic subjunctive ending -σιν of φημί, a Homeric relic beside later Attic φῇ."},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future infinitive","role":"object of φῇσιν","gloss":"he will come"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὤλετο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is gone, perished"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of return"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὤλετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b1-l169","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε is a frozen imperative used as a discourse marker ('come now, look'), common at the start of Homeric requests."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b1-l170","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;","translation":"who are you among men, and from where? Where is your city and your parents?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόθεν","gloss":"of men","note":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν is the standard Homeric guest-question formula, repeated almost verbatim across the epics whenever a stranger arrives."},{"surface":"πόθι","lemma":"πόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοκῆες","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b1-l171","source":"ὁπποίης τʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἀφίκεο· πῶς δέ σε ναῦται","translation":"On what kind of ship did you come? How did the sailors","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁπποίης","lemma":"ὁποῖος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"what kind of"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἀφίκεο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you arrive"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγον","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ναῦται","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"sailors"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b1-l172","source":"ἤγαγον εἰς Ἰθάκην; τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωντο;","translation":"bring you to Ithaca? Who did they claim to be?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did they bring"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did they claim","note":"εὐχετόωντο shows the epic diectasis ('stretched') form of εὔχομαι, a metrical lengthening typical of Homeric verbs in -άομαι."}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b1-l173","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀίομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"For I do not think you came here on foot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrastive particle)"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πεζὸν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ὀίομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of ὀίομαι","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b1-l174","source":"καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐὺ εἰδῶ,","translation":"And tell me this truly, so that I may know it well:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"declare"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"complement of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῶ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"εἰδῶ is a perfect subjunctive with present sense — 'know,' since οἶδα ('I have come to see/know') is perfect in form but present in meaning."}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b1-l175","source":"ἠὲ νέον μεθέπεις ἦ καὶ πατρώιός ἐσσι","translation":"are you a newcomer, or are you a guest-friend of my father's","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεθέπεις","gloss":"newly, recently"},{"surface":"μεθέπεις","lemma":"μεθέπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"do you visit"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πατρώιός","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"ancestral, hereditary","note":"πατρώιος ξεῖνος, 'guest-friend of the father,' names the institution of xenia inherited across generations — key to why Athena-as-Mentes is welcomed."},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"are you"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b1-l176","source":"ξεῖνος, ἐπεὶ πολλοὶ ἴσαν ἀνέρες ἡμέτερον δῶ","translation":"from old? Since many other men used to come to our house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-friend"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"used to go"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴσαν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b1-l177","source":"ἄλλοι, ἐπεὶ καὶ κεῖνος ἐπίστροφος ἦν ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"as well, for he too was a man much given to visiting people.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἐπίστροφος","lemma":"ἐπίστροφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"much-traveled","note":"ἐπίστροφος ἀνθρώπων, 'much given to visiting people,' is a compact epithet praising Odysseus's far-ranging hospitality-network."},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπίστροφος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b1-l178","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b1-l179","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"\"Well then, I will tell you these things quite truly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b1-l180","source":"Μέντης Ἀγχιάλοιο δαΐφρονος εὔχομαι εἶναι","translation":"I declare that I am Mentes, son of wise Anchialus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντης","lemma":"Μέντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Mentes"},{"surface":"Ἀγχιάλοιο","lemma":"Ἀγχίαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Anchialus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγχιάλοιο","gloss":"wise, war-minded"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I declare","note":"εὔχομαι εἶναι, 'I claim/boast to be,' is the standard epic self-introduction formula — used by heroes and (here) a disguised god alike."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b1-l181","source":"υἱός, ἀτὰρ Ταφίοισι φιληρέτμοισιν ἀνάσσω.","translation":"and I rule over the oar-loving Taphians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εἶναι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ταφίοισι","lemma":"Τάφιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνάσσω","gloss":"over the Taphians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισιν","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ταφίοισι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"φιλήρετμος, 'oar-loving,' is a compound epithet marking the Taphians as a seafaring people."},{"surface":"ἀνάσσω","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I rule"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b1-l182","source":"νῦν δʼ ὧδε ξὺν νηὶ κατήλυθον ἠδʼ ἑτάροισιν","translation":"Now I have put in here with my ship and crew,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατήλυθον","gloss":"thus, here"},{"surface":"ξὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κατήλυθον","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come down","note":"κατήλυθον, 'came down (to the shore),' uses the epic aorist stem of κατέρχομαι rather than the later κατῆλθον."},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"crew"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b1-l183","source":"πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον ἐπʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους,","translation":"sailing over the wine-dark sea to men of foreign speech,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l183.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἴνοπα πόντον","title":"\"wine-dark sea\"","body":"A celebrated Homeric formula, literally \"wine-faced sea.\" It evokes the deep, dark color of the open water rather than any taste."}],"words":[{"surface":"πλέων","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατήλυθον","gloss":"sailing","note":"Present participle 'sailing' frames the whole journey as background to the main verb 'came' (κατήλυθον) — a classic circumstantial use."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"οἶνοψ 'wine-faced' is a famous Homeric color epithet for the sea — not literally purple, but a formulaic marker of the epic sea."},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλοθρόους","lemma":"ἀλλόθροος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"foreign-speaking"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b1-l184","source":"ἐς Τεμέσην μετὰ χαλκόν, ἄγω δʼ αἴθωνα σίδηρον.","translation":"to Temesa for copper, and I carry gleaming iron.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τεμέσην","lemma":"Τεμέση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Temesa"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"ἄγω","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I carry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθωνα","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"gleaming","note":"αἴθων 'blazing/gleaming' is normally a color word for fire or bronze; applied to iron it evokes the forge-bright sheen of the metal."},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγω","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b1-l185","source":"νηῦς δέ μοι ἥδʼ ἕστηκεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ νόσφι πόληος,","translation":"My ship stands there in the countryside, away from the city,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕστηκεν","gloss":"ship","note":"νηῦς/ναῦς is an old root noun with a very irregular declension across Greek dialects — worth flagging as a high-frequency irregular."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἥδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἕστηκεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands","note":"ἕστηκεν is a perfect with present force ('stands', not 'has stood') — Greek perfects of ἵστημι describe a resulting state, not a completed action."},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the countryside"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφι","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b1-l186","source":"ἐν λιμένι Ῥείθρῳ ὑπὸ Νηίῳ ὑλήεντι.","translation":"in the harbor of Rheithron, below wooded Neion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λιμένι","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the harbor"},{"surface":"Ῥείθρῳ","lemma":"Ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies λιμένι","gloss":"Rheithron"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"Νηίῳ","lemma":"Νήιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"Neion"},{"surface":"ὑλήεντι","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Νηίῳ","gloss":"wooded","note":"ὑλήεις 'wooded, forested' is built on ὕλη 'wood, forest' with the common Homeric -εις adjective suffix denoting 'full of.'"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b1-l187","source":"ξεῖνοι δʼ ἀλλήλων πατρώιοι εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι","translation":"We declare ourselves to be guest-friends of each other through our fathers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνοι","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-friends","note":"ξένος names the reciprocal Greek institution of guest-friendship (xenia) — hosts and guests bound by inherited obligation, key to Odyssey's plot."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνοι","gloss":"of each other"},{"surface":"πατρώιοι","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνοι","gloss":"through our fathers","note":"πατρώιος 'ancestral, inherited from the father' shows xenia as a hereditary bond passed down generations, not a personal favor."},{"surface":"εὐχόμεθ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we declare"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχόμεθ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b1-l188","source":"ἐξ ἀρχῆς, εἴ πέρ τε γέροντʼ εἴρηαι ἐπελθὼν","translation":"from of old, if you go and ask the old man","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀρχῆς","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"the beginning"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"γέροντ","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρτην","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"εἴρηαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you ask","note":"εἴρηαι is subjunctive after εἰ...τε in a general/future conditional — 'if you should ever ask' rather than a simple present condition."},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴρηαι","gloss":"having gone to"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b1-l189","source":"Λαέρτην ἥρωα, τὸν οὐκέτι φασὶ πόλινδε","translation":"Laertes the hero, who they say no longer comes to town,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαέρτην","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴρηαι","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"ἥρωα","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρτην","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεσθ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθ᾽","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λαέρτην","gloss":"they say","note":"φασί takes an accusative-and-infinitive construction (Λαέρτην...ἔρχεσθ᾽) spanning two lines — a good example of indirect statement in Homeric syntax."},{"surface":"πόλινδε","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρχεσθ᾽","gloss":"to town"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b1-l190","source":"ἔρχεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀπάνευθεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ πήματα πάσχειν","translation":"but suffers hardships apart, off in the countryside,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθεν","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχειν","gloss":"apart, far off"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the countryside"},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχειν","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"suffers"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b1-l191","source":"γρηὶ σὺν ἀμφιπόλῳ, ἥ οἱ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε","translation":"with an old serving-woman, who sets food and drink","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γρηὶ","lemma":"γραῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"an old woman","note":"γραῦς 'old woman' (feminine of γέρων) shows the alternate stem γρη- used in oblique cases — a common irregular noun to flag."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γρηὶ","gloss":"serving"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παρτιθεῖ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρτιθεῖ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"βρῶσίν","lemma":"βρῶσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b1-l192","source":"παρτιθεῖ, εὖτʼ ἄν μιν κάματος κατὰ γυῖα λάβῃσιν","translation":"beside him, whenever weariness takes hold of his limbs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρτιθεῖ","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γρηὶ","gloss":"sets before him"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβῃσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κάματος","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβῃσιν","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down over","note":"κατά + accusative 'down along/over' the limbs vividly pictures weariness spreading through the body, not just abstractly 'affecting' it."},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάβῃσιν","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"λάβῃσιν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ᾽","gloss":"takes hold of"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b1-l193","source":"ἑρπύζοντʼ ἀνὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο.","translation":"as he creeps along the ridge of his vineyard plot.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑρπύζοντ","lemma":"ἑρπύζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"creeping"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"γουνὸν","lemma":"γουνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"the ridge"},{"surface":"ἀλωῆς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γουνὸν","gloss":"of the vineyard"},{"surface":"οἰνοπέδοιο","lemma":"οἰνόπεδος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωῆς","gloss":"wine-bearing","note":"οἰνόπεδος 'wine-ground, vine-planted' is a compound of οἶνος 'wine' + πέδον 'ground' — concretely names the vineyard's produce."}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b1-l194","source":"νῦν δʼ ἦλθον· δὴ γάρ μιν ἔφαντʼ ἐπιδήμιον εἶναι,","translation":"Now I have come; for they said that he was home,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔφαντ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they said","note":"ἔφαντ᾽ + accusative μιν + infinitive ἐπιδήμιον εἶναι is another indirect-statement pattern: 'they said him to be at home.'"},{"surface":"ἐπιδήμιον","lemma":"ἐπιδήμιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφαντ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b1-l195","source":"σὸν πατέρʼ· ἀλλά νυ τόν γε θεοὶ βλάπτουσι κελεύθου.","translation":"your father; but the gods, it seems, are blocking his way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βλάπτουσι","gloss":"now, it seems"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βλάπτουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βλάπτουσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"βλάπτουσι","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are blocking","note":"βλάπτω takes a genitive of separation (κελεύθου, 'from his way') — 'hinder someone from/of something,' unlike English 'block his way' with accusative."},{"surface":"κελεύθου","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of βλάπτουσι","gloss":"his way"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b1-l196","source":"οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"For godlike Odysseus has not yet died upon the earth,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τέθνηκεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has died"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike","note":"δῖος 'godlike, radiant' is a standing epic epithet regularly paired with Odysseus's name to fill the verse — formulaic, not situational praise."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέθνηκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b1-l197","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ","translation":"but somewhere, still alive, he is held back on the wide sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζωὸς","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατερύκεται","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ζωὸς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"κατερύκεται","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is held back","note":"κατερύκεται is passive — Odysseus is the object of restraint, not an agent; sets up the theme of captivity by Calypso."},{"surface":"εὐρέι","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατερύκεται","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b1-l198","source":"νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ, χαλεποὶ δέ μιν ἄνδρες ἔχουσιν","translation":"on a sea-girt island, and harsh men hold him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήσῳ","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀμφιρύτῃ","lemma":"ἀμφίρυτος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήσῳ","gloss":"sea-girt","note":"ἀμφίρυτος 'flowed-around-on-both-sides' pictures the island encircled by sea — a compound epithet built from ἀμφί + ῥέω."},{"surface":"χαλεποὶ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b1-l199","source":"ἄγριοι, οἵ που κεῖνον ἐρυκανόωσʼ ἀέκοντα.","translation":"savages, who keep him there, I suppose, against his will.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγριοι","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρυκανόωσ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρυκανόωσ᾽","gloss":"I suppose"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρυκανόωσ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐρυκανόωσ","lemma":"ἐρυκανάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρες","gloss":"keep him back","note":"ἐρυκανάω is an iterative/frequentative form of ἐρύκω 'restrain' — the -αν- extension implies repeated or ongoing restraint, fitting a long captivity."},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κεῖνον","gloss":"unwilling"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b1-l200","source":"αὐτὰρ νῦν τοι ἐγὼ μαντεύσομαι, ὡς ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"But now I will prophesy to you, as the immortals","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαντεύσομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μαντεύσομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαντεύσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μαντεύσομαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will prophesy","note":"μαντεύσομαι is a middle-voice future — the speaker is not literally a seer (she denies it in l.202) but 'divines' from intuition, hence the middle sense of doing it for/within herself."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b1-l201","source":"ἀθάνατοι βάλλουσι καὶ ὡς τελέεσθαι ὀίω,","translation":"cast it into my heart, and as I think it will come to pass,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of βάλλουσι","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"βάλλουσι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τελέεσθαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀίω","gloss":"will come to pass"},{"surface":"ὀίω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b1-l202","source":"οὔτε τι μάντις ἐὼν οὔτʼ οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς.","translation":"though I am no seer, nor one who reads bird-omens clearly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάντις","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a seer"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies οὔτ᾽","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"οἰωνῶν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"of birds"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδώς","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies οὔτ᾽","gloss":"knowing","note":"εἰδώς is the perfect participle of οἶδα 'know' used with a present sense ('one who knows') — a classic Homeric perfect-as-present verb."}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b1-l203","source":"οὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης","translation":"He will not long be away from his dear homeland","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"still, longer"},{"surface":"δηρόν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"land","note":"αἶα is a poetic, Homeric-only word for 'land/earth,' distinct from the everyday γῆ — a marker of elevated epic diction."}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b1-l204","source":"ἔσσεται, οὐδʼ εἴ πέρ τε σιδήρεα δέσματʼ ἔχῃσιν·","translation":"now, not even if bonds of iron hold him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will be"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"σιδήρεα","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέσματ᾽","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"δέσματ","lemma":"δέσμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"bonds"},{"surface":"ἔχῃσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"hold him"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b1-l205","source":"φράσσεται ὥς κε νέηται, ἐπεὶ πολυμήχανός ἐστιν.","translation":"he will devise a way to return, since he is full of resource.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l205.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυμήχανός","title":"\"of many devices\"","body":"A signature epithet of Odysseus, praising his resourcefulness and cunning. The same quality drives the whole plot of his homecoming."}],"words":[{"surface":"φράσσεται","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will devise"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"νέηται","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὥς","gloss":"he may return"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολυμήχανός","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολυμήχανος 'of many devices' is a signature epithet of Odysseus (cf. πολύτροπος, πολύμητις) — his defining trait of cunning ingenuity."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he is"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b1-l206","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"εἰπέ is the strong (root) aorist imperative of the suppletive verb 'say' (pres. λέγω/φημί, aor. εἶπον) — worth flagging as an irregular verb family."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b1-l207","source":"εἰ δὴ ἐξ αὐτοῖο τόσος πάϊς εἰς Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"are you really, big as you are, the very son of Odysseus?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τόσος","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"so tall"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εἰς","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b1-l208","source":"αἰνῶς μὲν κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὄμματα καλὰ ἔοικας","translation":"Astonishingly, in your head and fine eyes, you resemble","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔοικας","gloss":"astonishingly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄμματα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you resemble","note":"ἔοικα is a perfect with present meaning ('you look like, resemble') — no separate present tense of this verb exists in use."}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b1-l209","source":"κείνῳ, ἐπεὶ θαμὰ τοῖον ἐμισγόμεθʼ ἀλλήλοισιν,","translation":"that man, since we used to meet often with each other,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θαμὰ","lemma":"θαμά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγόμεθ᾽","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαμὰ","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἐμισγόμεθ","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we used to meet","note":"Imperfect ἐμισγόμεθ᾽ marks habitual past action ('we used to meet often'), not a single event — the imperfect's classic iterative use."},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐμισγόμεθ᾽","gloss":"with each other"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b1-l210","source":"πρίν γε τὸν ἐς Τροίην ἀναβήμεναι, ἔνθα περ ἄλλοι","translation":"before he went up to Troy, where the others as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναβήμεναι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἀναβήμεναι","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"went up","note":"ἀναβήμεναι is an epic/Aeolic infinitive ending (-μεναι) of ἀναβαίνω, an alternate to the Attic -ναι — typical Homeric morphological variation."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b1-l211","source":"Ἀργείων οἱ ἄριστοι ἔβαν κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν·","translation":"the best of the Argives, went in their hollow ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τροίην","gloss":"went","note":"Root aorist βαίνω form; the epic 3rd pl. -αν ending (ἔβαν) is common in Homer vs. Attic ἔβησαν."},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσίν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσίν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships","note":"Dative plural νηυσίν after ἐνὶ; the -εσσι/-σι declension of ναῦς is a distinctly epic paradigm."}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b1-l212","source":"ἐκ τοῦ δʼ οὔτʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἐγὼν ἴδον οὔτʼ ἔμʼ ἐκεῖνος.","translation":"Since then I have not seen Odysseus, nor he me.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen","note":"ἴδον is the aorist of εἶδον (root ϝιδ-), used with present sense 'know/have seen' - common Homeric root-aorist."},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of οὔτ᾽","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b1-l213","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"\"thoughtful\" Telemachus","body":"A recurring epithet of Telemachus, marking his prudence and good sense. It is a perfect participle used adjectivally, \"having understanding.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"Perfect participle of πέπνυμαι ('be wise/prudent'); this fixed epithet formula for Telemachus recurs verbatim across the poem."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ηὔδα is a formulaic imperfect closing the standard 'answered him/her' half-line, repeated often in the Odyssey."}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b1-l214","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, ξεῖνε, μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"\"Well then, stranger, I will tell you quite truly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"Vocative ξεῖνε with no expressed noun to modify - a common address form standing alone."},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b1-l215","source":"μήτηρ μέν τέ μέ φησι τοῦ ἔμμεναι, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε","translation":"My mother says that I am his son, but I myself","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμμεναι is the epic infinitive of εἰμί (= εἶναι), formed with the doubled-μ ending typical of Homeric diction."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b1-l216","source":"οὐκ οἶδʼ· οὐ γάρ πώ τις ἑὸν γόνον αὐτὸς ἀνέγνω.","translation":"do not know; for no one yet has known his own begetting on his own.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know","note":"Perfect οἶδα with present meaning ('I know') - a classic Greek perfect-as-present verb."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέγνω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόνον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"γόνον","lemma":"γόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέγνω","gloss":"begetting"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀνέγνω","lemma":"ἀναγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has known"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b1-l217","source":"ὡς δὴ ἐγώ γʼ ὄφελον μάκαρός νύ τευ ἔμμεναι υἱὸς","translation":"How I wish I were the son of some fortunate man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l217.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφελον ... ἔμμεναι","title":"Unattainable wish","body":"ὤφελον (\"ought to have\") with an infinitive expresses a wish for what is impossible: \"would that I were.\" It conveys Telemachus' bitter longing for a different parentage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ὄφελον","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄφελον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄφελον","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish","note":"ὄφελον + infinitive is the idiomatic Greek 'would that' construction expressing an unfulfilled wish, lit. 'I ought.'"},{"surface":"μάκαρός","lemma":"μάκαρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελον","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b1-l218","source":"ἀνέρος, ὃν κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖς ἔπι γῆρας ἔτετμε.","translation":"whom old age overtook among his own possessions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτετμε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσιν","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"possessions","note":"Old-style dative plural κτεάτεσσιν, an archaic consonant-stem ending characteristic of epic vocabulary for property."},{"surface":"ἑοῖς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔτετμε","gloss":"old age"},{"surface":"ἔτετμε","lemma":"τέτμον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνέρος","gloss":"overtook"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b1-l219","source":"νῦν δʼ ὃς ἀποτμότατος γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"But now, of the man who was born most ill-fated of mortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φασι","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἀποτμότατος","lemma":"ἄποτμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most ill-fated","note":"Superlative ἀποτμότατος ('most unlucky') is built on πότμος ('fate, doom') with alpha-privative — a striking, rare adjective used for pathos here."},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῦ","gloss":"was born"},{"surface":"θνητῶν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀποτμότατος","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b1-l220","source":"τοῦ μʼ ἔκ φασι γενέσθαι, ἐπεὶ σύ με τοῦτʼ ἐρεείνεις.","translation":"of him they say I was born, since you ask me this.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώγε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of γενέσθαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"was born"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐρεείνεις","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"ask"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b1-l221","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, spoke to him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l221.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Epithet of Athena","body":"The recurring formula 'gray-eyed Athena' (γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη) is a fixed epithet that fills the line's end. Such standing epithets are a hallmark of oral hexameter composition."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"Formulaic Homeric speech-introduction verb (προσέειπε), opening the standard 'spoke to him/her' line."},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's fixed epic epithet ('gleaming/owl-eyed'), always paired with her name in this formula."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθῆναι","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b1-l222","source":"οὐ μέν τοι γενεήν γε θεοὶ νώνυμνον ὀπίσσω","translation":"\"Surely the gods have not made your line nameless for time to come,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies γενεήν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γενεήν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆκαν","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"νώνυμνον","lemma":"νώνυμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of γενεήν","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νώνυμνον","gloss":"for the future"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b1-l223","source":"θῆκαν, ἐπεὶ σέ γε τοῖον ἐγείνατο Πηνελόπεια.","translation":"since Penelope bore a son like you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made","note":"θῆκαν is aorist of τίθημι with the sense 'made/rendered' (governing γενεήν...νώνυμνον), completing the previous line's clause."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐγείνατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of σέ","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"ἐγείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"bore","note":"Middle aorist ἐγείνατο of γείνομαι ('bear/beget'), the standard epic verb for a mother giving birth."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγείνατο","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b1-l224","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰπὲ ... κατάλεξον","title":"Imperatives in a formula","body":"Both verbs are aorist imperatives, the standard request-formula 'tell me and recount.' The aorist here gives a simple, decisive command rather than ongoing action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b1-l225","source":"τίς δαίς, τίς δὲ ὅμιλος ὅδʼ ἔπλετο; τίπτε δέ σε χρεώ;","translation":"what feast is this, what gathering? What need brought it on you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies δαίς","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δαίς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅμιλος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅμιλος","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅμιλος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come about","note":"ἔπλετο, here parsed as imperfect medio-passive of πέλω ('be, come to be'), is a favorite Homeric verb rare outside epic."},{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies χρεώ","gloss":"what","note":"τίπτε (τί ποτε, 'why ever') is a colloquial-feeling contracted interrogative common in Homeric dialogue."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρεώ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b1-l226","source":"εἰλαπίνη ἠὲ γάμος; ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἔρανος τάδε γʼ ἐστίν·","translation":"A banquet or a wedding? For this is no shared-cost meal,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλαπίνη","lemma":"εἰλαπίνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a banquet"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γάμος","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a wedding"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔρανος","lemma":"ἔρανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a shared-cost meal","note":"ἔρανος names a potluck-style meal where guests each contribute - the word signals these suitors are freeloading, not hosting properly."},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b1-l227","source":"ὥς τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσι","translation":"the way they seem to me to be feasting with outrageous insolence","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοκέουσι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέουσι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζοντες","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject of δοκέουσι","gloss":"acting insolently","note":"ὑβρίζοντες names the suitors' hubris directly - the noun-root of ὕβρις, a key ethical concept in the poem."},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυσθαι","gloss":"outrageously"},{"surface":"δοκέουσι","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they seem"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b1-l228","source":"δαίνυσθαι κατὰ δῶμα. νεμεσσήσαιτό κεν ἀνὴρ","translation":"through the house. A man would be filled with indignation","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυσθαι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δοκέουσι","gloss":"to feast"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"νεμεσσήσαιτό","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would feel indignation","note":"Aorist optative νεμεσσήσαιτο with κεν expresses a potential/hypothetical reaction - the optative-plus-κεν construction for 'would.'"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νεμεσσήσαιτό","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b1-l229","source":"αἴσχεα πόλλʼ ὁρόων, ὅς τις πινυτός γε μετέλθοι.","translation":"to see so many shameful things, anyone of sense who came among them.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴσχεα","lemma":"αἶσχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρόων","gloss":"shameful things"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἴσχεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὁρόων","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεμεσσήσαιτό","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέλθοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"πινυτός","lemma":"πινυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of sense"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετέλθοι","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"might come among them","note":"Optative μετέλθοι in a generalizing relative clause ('whoever might come') - the mood marks an indefinite, hypothetical visitor."}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b1-l230","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l230.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"'Thoughtful' Telemachus","body":"πεπνυμένος is a perfect participle used as a fixed epithet, 'sound-minded, prudent.' The perfect denotes a settled state—Telemachus is characterized as one possessed of good sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b1-l231","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ταῦτά μʼ ἀνείρεαι ἠδὲ μεταλλᾷς,","translation":"\"Stranger, since indeed you ask me this and inquire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀνείρεαι","lemma":"ἀνέρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταλλᾷς","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"inquire","note":"μεταλλᾷς pairs with ἀνείρεαι as near-synonyms for 'ask/inquire' - a Homeric doubling for emphasis."}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b1-l232","source":"μέλλεν μέν ποτε οἶκος ὅδʼ ἀφνειὸς καὶ ἀμύμων","translation":"this house was once likely to be rich and blameless,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέλλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was likely"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to μέλλεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μέλλεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἶκος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀφνειὸς","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b1-l233","source":"ἔμμεναι, ὄφρʼ ἔτι κεῖνος ἀνὴρ ἐπιδήμιος ἦεν·","translation":"as long as that man was still here among his people;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλεν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐπιδήμιος","lemma":"ἐπιδήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"present among his people","note":"ἐπιδήμιος ('in the land/among the people') is an epic compound underscoring Odysseus's earlier presence at home."},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"was","note":"ἦεν is an epic imperfect form of εἰμί, an alternative to ἦν used for meter."}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b1-l234","source":"νῦν δʼ ἑτέρως ἐβόλοντο θεοὶ κακὰ μητιόωντες,","translation":"but now the gods have willed otherwise, plotting evil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐβόλοντο","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑτέρως","lemma":"ἑτέρως","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐβόλοντο","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"ἐβόλοντο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"willed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐβόλοντο","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μητιόωντες","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"μητιόωντες","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβόλοντο","gloss":"plotting","note":"μητιόωντες, an epic uncontracted present participle of μητιάω ('devise/plot'), keeps the older open vowels for meter."}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b1-l235","source":"οἳ κεῖνον μὲν ἄιστον ἐποίησαν περὶ πάντων","translation":"they who have made him vanished beyond all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄιστον","lemma":"ἄιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"vanished","note":"ἄιστον ('unseen, vanished without trace') - a pointed word for a man whose fate is unknown, central to the Telemachy's plot."},{"surface":"ἐποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοὶ","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b1-l236","source":"ἀνθρώπων, ἐπεὶ οὔ κε θανόντι περ ὧδʼ ἀκαχοίμην,","translation":"men, since I would not grieve so for him even dead,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θανόντι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of ἀκαχοίμην","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχοίμην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀκαχοίμην","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"would grieve","note":"Optative ἀκαχοίμην with κε in an unreal condition ('I would not grieve so') - the standard potential-optative pairing for counterfactuals."}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b1-l237","source":"εἰ μετὰ οἷς ἑτάροισι δάμη Τρώων ἐνὶ δήμῳ,","translation":"if he had gone down among his comrades in the land of the Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δάμη","title":"Aorist passive 'was brought down'","body":"δάμη is a root aorist passive of δάμνημι, 'he was subdued/slain.' The passive frames death as something suffered at others' hands in battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"δάμη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"had been slain","note":"δάμη is aorist passive of δαμάζω ('subdue, kill'), a common Homeric euphemism for dying in battle."},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b1-l238","source":"ἠὲ φίλων ἐν χερσίν, ἐπεὶ πόλεμον τολύπευσεν.","translation":"or in the arms of his friends, once he had wound up the war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χερσίν","gloss":"of his friends"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τολύπευσεν","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"τολύπευσεν","lemma":"τολυπεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had wound up","note":"τολύπευσεν ('wind up, finish off') is a vivid metaphor from spinning wool, used uniquely of finishing a war."}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b1-l239","source":"τῷ κέν οἱ τύμβον μὲν ἐποίησαν Παναχαιοί,","translation":"Then all the Achaeans would have made a tomb for him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποίησαν","gloss":"then, in that case"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have (particle)","note":"κέν/ἄν marks unreal past condition — 'would have made', not simple past."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"a tomb"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrastive particle)"},{"surface":"ἐποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have made"},{"surface":"Παναχαιοί","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"the Achaeans","note":"Παναχαιοί, 'all the Achaeans together', an epic compound emphasizing collective mourning."}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b1-l240","source":"ἠδέ κε καὶ ᾧ παιδὶ μέγα κλέος ἤρατʼ ὀπίσσω.","translation":"and he would have won great glory for his son in days to come.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδέ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have (particle)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, too"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρατ᾽","gloss":"for his son"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤρατ᾽","gloss":"glory","note":"κλέος, 'fame' — the central heroic value at stake: a proper death would have won lasting glory."},{"surface":"ἤρατ","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have won"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤρατ᾽","gloss":"hereafter, in days to come"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b1-l241","source":"νῦν δέ μιν ἀκλειῶς ἅρπυιαι ἀνηρείψαντο·","translation":"But now the storm-winds have snatched him away inglorious;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l241.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἅρπυιαι","title":"The snatching winds","body":"The Harpies (ἅρπυιαι) are 'snatchers,' here standing for the storm-winds that carry a man off without a trace. The image is of disappearance, not a marked death."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀκλειῶς","lemma":"ἀκλεής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"ingloriously"},{"surface":"ἅρπυιαι","lemma":"Ἅρπυιαι","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"the storm-winds","note":"Ἅρπυιαι, 'Harpies' — used here as a mythic figure for a sudden, glory-less disappearance at sea."},{"surface":"ἀνηρείψαντο","lemma":"ἀνερείπομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatched away"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b1-l242","source":"οἴχετʼ ἄιστος ἄπυστος, ἐμοὶ δʼ ὀδύνας τε γόους τε","translation":"he is gone, unseen and unheard of, and to me he has left","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is gone"},{"surface":"ἄιστος","lemma":"ἄιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"ἄπυστος","lemma":"ἄπυστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unheard of","note":"ἄιστος ἄπυστος: a formulaic paired-adjective phrase stressing total disappearance without trace or report."},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλλιπεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδύνας","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"pain, sorrows"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γόους","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lamentation"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b1-l243","source":"κάλλιπεν. οὐδέ τι κεῖνον ὀδυρόμενος στεναχίζω","translation":"pain and lamentation. Nor do I groan grieving for him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλιπεν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he left behind"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of στεναχίζω","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζω","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"στεναχίζω","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I groan"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b1-l244","source":"οἶον, ἐπεί νύ μοι ἄλλα θεοὶ κακὰ κήδεʼ ἔτευξαν.","translation":"alone, since now the gods have made me other evil cares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κεῖνον","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτευξαν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτευξαν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔτευξαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔτευξαν","gloss":"cares, troubles"},{"surface":"ἔτευξαν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"have made","note":"τεύχω 'fashion, make' used metaphorically of gods 'making' troubles — a common epic idiom for divinely caused suffering."}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b1-l245","source":"ὅσσοι γὰρ νήσοισιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι,","translation":"For all the nobles who hold sway over the islands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπικρατέουσιν","gloss":"as many as, all who"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νήσοισιν","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"over the islands"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέουσιν","lemma":"ἐπικρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"hold sway"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅσσοι","gloss":"the nobles, chief men"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b1-l246","source":"Δουλιχίῳ τε Σάμῃ τε καὶ ὑλήεντι Ζακύνθῳ,","translation":"over Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σάμῃ","lemma":"Σάμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Same"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑλήεντι","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζακύνθῳ","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"Ζακύνθῳ","lemma":"Ζάκυνθος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zacynthus"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b1-l247","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν,","translation":"and all who lord it over rugged Ithaca,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κοιρανέουσιν","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"κραναὴν","lemma":"κραναός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κάτα","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over, throughout","note":"κάτα is postposed after its object Ἰθάκην — anastrophe, common in epic when a disyllabic preposition follows its noun."},{"surface":"κοιρανέουσιν","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"lord it, rule"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b1-l248","source":"τόσσοι μητέρʼ ἐμὴν μνῶνται, τρύχουσι δὲ οἶκον.","translation":"all these are courting my mother and wearing down the house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l248.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μνῶνται ... τρύχουσι","title":"Present tense of ongoing harm","body":"Both verbs are present indicative, marking the suitors' wooing and ruining of the household as continuous, ongoing action—a wrong still in progress."}],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσοι","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μνῶνται","gloss":"so many, all these"},{"surface":"μητέρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνῶνται","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνῶνται","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are courting"},{"surface":"τρύχουσι","lemma":"τρύχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are wearing down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τρύχουσι","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b1-l249","source":"ἡ δʼ οὔτʼ ἀρνεῖται στυγερὸν γάμον οὔτε τελευτὴν","translation":"And she neither refuses the hateful marriage nor is able","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of οὔτε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither, not"},{"surface":"ἀρνεῖται","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refuses"},{"surface":"στυγερὸν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρνεῖται","gloss":"the marriage"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τελευτὴν","lemma":"τελευτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιῆσαι","gloss":"the completion, end"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b1-l250","source":"ποιῆσαι δύναται· τοὶ δὲ φθινύθουσιν ἔδοντες","translation":"to make an end of it; and they keep wasting away by their eating","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιῆσαι","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"to make","note":"ποιῆσαι τελευτήν, 'make an end' — an idiom for bringing a marriage decision to actual conclusion."},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"φθινύθουσιν","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep wasting away"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"eating","note":"present participle ἔδοντες, 'by eating' — describes the suitors literally consuming the household's wealth as the cause of the waste."}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b1-l251","source":"οἶκον ἐμόν· τάχα δή με διαρραίσουσι καὶ αὐτόν.","translation":"my house; soon they will tear me apart as well.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαρραίσουσι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διαρραίσουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"διαρραίσουσι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tear apart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, as well"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies με","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b1-l252","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπαλαστήσασα προσηύδα Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then in deep anger Pallas Athena spoke to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, then"},{"surface":"ἐπαλαστήσασα","lemma":"ἐπαλαστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"in deep anger","note":"ἐπαλαστήσασα, an aorist participle for a sudden surge of indignation — marks Athena's emotional response before she speaks."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena","note":"Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, a fixed epic epithet-name pairing used whenever the goddess is formally introduced speaking."}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b1-l253","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ δὴ πολλὸν ἀποιχομένου Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"\"Alas, truly you greatly need Odysseus, gone so long,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas","note":"ὢ πόποι, a stock exclamation of shock/indignation opening direct speech in Homer."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δεύῃ","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένου","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"being gone, absent"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεύῃ","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"genitive Ὀδυσῆος depends on δεύῃ 'you lack/need' — 'you greatly need the absent Odysseus', genitive of the thing needed."}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b1-l254","source":"δεύῃ, ὅ κε μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφείη.","translation":"to lay his hands upon these shameless suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύῃ","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you need, lack"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφείη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφείη","gloss":"on the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέσι","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφείη","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ἐφείη","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δεύῃ","gloss":"would lay","note":"optative ἐφείη in a relative clause of characteristic/wish: 'the kind of man who would lay hands on the suitors'."}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b1-l255","source":"εἰ γὰρ νῦν ἐλθὼν δόμου ἐν πρώτῃσι θύρῃσι","translation":"If only he would come now and stand at the outer gate of the house","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σταίη","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σταίη","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύρῃσι","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρώτῃσι","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύρῃσι","gloss":"outer, front"},{"surface":"θύρῃσι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the doors, gate"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b1-l256","source":"σταίη, ἔχων πήληκα καὶ ἀσπίδα καὶ δύο δοῦρε,","translation":"with helmet and shield and two spears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l256.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύο δοῦρε","title":"Dual: 'two spears'","body":"δοῦρε is the dual form of δόρυ, used for natural pairs and small sets of two. Homeric Greek keeps the dual alive alongside the plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"σταίη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would stand","note":"optative σταίη continues the unfulfillable wish begun by εἰ γάρ 'if only' — a classic Homeric wish construction."},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σταίη","gloss":"having, wearing"},{"surface":"πήληκα","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a helmet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a shield"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spears","note":"δοῦρε is a dual form, 'two spears' as one grammatical pair — dual number still productive in Homeric Greek."}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b1-l257","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν οἷόν μιν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτʼ ἐνόησα","translation":"such as he was when I first saw him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σταίη","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"such as, as"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνόησα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πρῶτ᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησα","gloss":"first, at first"},{"surface":"ἐνόησα","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖος","gloss":"I saw, noticed"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b1-l258","source":"οἴκῳ ἐν ἡμετέρῳ πίνοντά τε τερπόμενόν τε,","translation":"drinking and making merry in our house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῳ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"πίνοντά","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τερπόμενόν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"making merry","note":"πίνοντά...τερπόμενόν τε, paired participles giving a vivid snapshot memory of Odysseus as guest — contrasts sharply with his current plight."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b1-l259","source":"ἐξ Ἐφύρης ἀνιόντα παρʼ Ἴλου Μερμερίδαο—","translation":"on his way back from Ephyra, from Ilus son of Mermerus—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἐφύρης","lemma":"Ἐφύρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ephyra"},{"surface":"ἀνιόντα","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἴλου","lemma":"Ἶλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"Ilus"},{"surface":"Μερμερίδαο","lemma":"Μερμερίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴλου","gloss":"son of Mermerus","note":"Patronymic in -ίδης: 'son of Mermerus.'"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b1-l260","source":"ᾤχετο γὰρ καὶ κεῖσε θοῆς ἐπὶ νηὸς Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"for Odysseus had gone there too on his swift ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιόντα","gloss":"had gone","note":"Imperfect used with pluperfect force: Odysseus had already gone there earlier."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"κεῖσε","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχετο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"θοῆς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"his ship"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b1-l261","source":"φάρμακον ἀνδροφόνον διζήμενος, ὄφρα οἱ εἴη","translation":"seeking a man-killing poison, so that he might have it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φάρμακον","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διζήμενος","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνον","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακον","gloss":"man-killing"},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he might have"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b1-l262","source":"ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι χαλκήρεας· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν οὔ οἱ","translation":"to smear on his bronze-tipped arrows; but the man would not","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰοὺς","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of χρίεσθαι","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"χρίεσθαι","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"to smear","note":"Middle voice: to anoint for one's own use."},{"surface":"χαλκήρεας","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰοὺς","gloss":"bronze-tipped"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(correlative particle)"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to him"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b1-l263","source":"δῶκεν, ἐπεί ῥα θεοὺς νεμεσίζετο αἰὲν ἐόντας,","translation":"give it to him, for he held the everlasting gods in awe,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νεμεσίζετο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζετο","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"held in awe"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὺς","gloss":"who exist, everlasting"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b1-l264","source":"ἀλλὰ πατήρ οἱ δῶκεν ἐμός· φιλέεσκε γὰρ αἰνῶς—","translation":"but my father gave it to him, for he loved him dearly—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l264.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φιλέεσκε","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"φιλέεσκε is an imperfect with the -σκ- iterative suffix, 'he used to love / kept loving.' Homer uses this form for habitual or repeated past action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἐμός","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατήρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φιλέεσκε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to love him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλέεσκε","gloss":"dearly"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b1-l265","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν μνηστῆρσιν ὁμιλήσειεν Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"such as he was then, may Odysseus come among the suitors:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμιλήσειεν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ὁμιλήσειεν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might come among"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμιλήσειεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b1-l266","source":"πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε.","translation":"they would all meet a swift death and a bitter wedding.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l266.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πικρόγαμοι","title":"'Bitter-wedded'","body":"πικρόγαμοι is a coined compound, 'bitterly married.' The grim pun turns the suitors' would-be wedding into their doom."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of γενοίατο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (potential particle)"},{"surface":"ὠκύμοροί","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift-fated"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γενοίατο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would become"},{"surface":"πικρόγαμοί","lemma":"πικρόγαμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bitterly-wed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b1-l267","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται,","translation":"But truly these things lie on the knees of the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(correlative particle)"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the knees","note":"Idiom 'lies on the knees of the gods' = the outcome rests with divine will, still undecided."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b1-l268","source":"ἤ κεν νοστήσας ἀποτίσεται, ἦε καὶ οὐκί,","translation":"whether he will come home and take revenge, or not,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"having returned home"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσεται","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἦε","gloss":"will take revenge"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐκί","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b1-l269","source":"οἷσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι· σὲ δὲ φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα,","translation":"in his own halls; but I bid you take thought,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φράζεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φράζεσθαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to take thought"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b1-l270","source":"ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας ἀπώσεαι ἐκ μεγάροιο.","translation":"how you may drive the suitors from the hall.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσεαι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀπώσεαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"you may drive off"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the hall"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b1-l271","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν ξυνίει καὶ ἐμῶν ἐμπάζεο μύθων·","translation":"Come now, listen and heed my words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"εἰ δ᾽ ἄγε, a fixed exhortative formula, 'well then, come' — introduces a command, not a real conditional."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ξυνίει","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen, understand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῶν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζεο","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed, pay attention to"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπάζεο","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b1-l272","source":"αὔριον εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"tomorrow call the Achaean heroes to assembly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔριον","lemma":"αὔριον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφραδε","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"καλέσας","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέφραδε","gloss":"having called"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καλέσας","gloss":"the heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b1-l273","source":"μῦθον πέφραδε πᾶσι, θεοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ μάρτυροι ἔστων.","translation":"and speak your case to all, and let the gods be your witnesses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔστων","title":"Third-person imperative","body":"ἔστων is a third-person plural imperative, 'let them be.' Greek can command third parties directly: 'let the gods be witnesses.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέφραδε","gloss":"the word, speech"},{"surface":"πέφραδε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"declare, speak"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πέφραδε","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστων","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as (emphatic)"},{"surface":"μάρτυροι","lemma":"μάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witnesses"},{"surface":"ἔστων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let...be","note":"ἔστων is a rare archaic 3rd-plural imperative of εἰμί, 'let them be' — an older imperative form surviving in formulaic epic diction."}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b1-l274","source":"μνηστῆρας μὲν ἐπὶ σφέτερα σκίδνασθαι ἄνωχθι,","translation":"Order the suitors to scatter, each to his own;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄνωχθι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrastive particle)"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"σφέτερα","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"their own homes"},{"surface":"σκίδνασθαι","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to scatter"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"order, command","note":"ἄνωχθι, perfect-form imperative of ἄνωγα 'command' — a defective verb whose perfect stem functions as present."}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b1-l275","source":"μητέρα δʼ, εἴ οἱ θυμὸς ἐφορμᾶται γαμέεσθαι,","translation":"and your mother, if her heart urges her to marry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"your mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐφορμᾶται","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"urges, is set on"},{"surface":"γαμέεσθαι","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"to marry"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b1-l276","source":"ἂψ ἴτω ἐς μέγαρον πατρὸς μέγα δυναμένοιο·","translation":"let her go back to the hall of her mighty father;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let her go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέγαρον","gloss":"of her father"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέγαρον","gloss":"great, mighty"},{"surface":"δυναμένοιο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"powerful","note":"δυναμένοιο, 'being powerful' — participle used adjectivally, stressing Icarius's wealth/status as her father."}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b1-l277","source":"οἱ δὲ γάμον τεύξουσι καὶ ἀρτυνέουσιν ἔεδνα","translation":"and they will arrange the wedding and prepare the bride-gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεύξουσι","gloss":"the marriage"},{"surface":"τεύξουσι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will arrange"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρτυνέουσιν","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will prepare"},{"surface":"ἔεδνα","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρτυνέουσιν","gloss":"bride-gifts","note":"ἔεδνα, bridal gifts given by the groom's family to the bride's father — a distinct Homeric marriage custom worth flagging."}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b1-l278","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε φίλης ἐπὶ παιδὸς ἕπεσθαι.","translation":"very many, as is fitting to follow a beloved daughter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔεδνα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἕπεσθαι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔεδνα","gloss":"is fitting"},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for, in the case of"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"a daughter"},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"to follow, accompany"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b1-l279","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, αἴ κε πίθηαι·","translation":"And to you yourself I will give shrewd counsel, if you will heed it:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὑποθήσομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σοὶ","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποθήσομαι","gloss":"shrewdly","note":"πυκινῶς 'closely, shrewdly' (from πυκνός 'dense') — Homer's stock word for wise counsel, echoed in πυκινὴ βουλή elsewhere."},{"surface":"ὑποθήσομαι","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will counsel","note":"Future middle of ὑποτίθημι, 'I will set before you/suggest' — the middle voice marks the advice as given for the addressee's own benefit."},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πίθηαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you heed"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b1-l280","source":"νῆʼ ἄρσας ἐρέτῃσιν ἐείκοσιν, ἥ τις ἀρίστη,","translation":"fit out a ship with twenty oarsmen, the best there is,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄρσας","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"ἄρσας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"having fitted out","note":"Aorist participle of ἀραρίσκω 'fit together/equip' — vivid technical verb for rigging a ship with its crew."},{"surface":"ἐρέτῃσιν","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄρσας","gloss":"with oarsmen"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσιν","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἐρέτῃσιν","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"is best","note":"ἀρίστη, superlative predicate agreeing with the (feminine) ship — the formulaic superlative of praise, root of 'aristocrat.'"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b1-l281","source":"ἔρχεο πευσόμενος πατρὸς δὴν οἰχομένοιο,","translation":"and go to learn of your father, gone so long,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"πευσόμενος","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεο","gloss":"to learn","note":"Future participle of πυνθάνομαι expressing purpose ('go in order to learn') — a common Homeric use of the future participle."},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πευσόμενος","gloss":"of your father"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long since"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"being gone"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b1-l282","source":"ἤν τίς τοι εἴπῃσι βροτῶν, ἢ ὄσσαν ἀκούσῃς","translation":"in case some mortal tells you, or you hear a rumor","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"tells","note":"εἴπῃσι, an epic subjunctive with the lengthened -ῃσι ending (for εἴπῃ) — a common Homeric metrical variant."},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὄσσαν","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσῃς","gloss":"a rumor","note":"ὄσσα, 'rumor/voice,' personified elsewhere as a divine messenger — here simply 'report' from Zeus."},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃς","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"you hear"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b1-l283","source":"ἐκ Διός, ἥ τε μάλιστα φέρει κλέος ἀνθρώποισι.","translation":"from Zeus, which above all brings fame to men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄσσαν","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος 'fame/glory,' the epic's central value word — the same term Telemachus will himself seek."},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"to men"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b1-l284","source":"πρῶτα μὲν ἐς Πύλον ἐλθὲ καὶ εἴρεο Νέστορα δῖον,","translation":"First go to Pylos and ask noble Nestor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle marking a series)"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἐλθὲ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴρεο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask","note":"ἔρομαι, a rarer synonym for 'ask' beside εἴρομαι/ἐρέω — an epic verb largely confined to Homer."},{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴρεο","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορα","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος, the stock epithet 'god-like/noble' attached formulaically to major heroes — here to Nestor."}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b1-l285","source":"κεῖθεν δὲ Σπάρτηνδε παρὰ ξανθὸν Μενέλαον·","translation":"and from there to Sparta, to fair-haired Menelaus;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l285.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ξανθὸν Μενέλαον","title":"'Fair-haired Menelaus'","body":"ξανθόν, 'tawny, blond,' is the standing epithet of Menelaus, agreeing in the accusative with his name. Such name-plus-epithet pairs are formulaic building blocks of the verse."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σπάρτηνδε","lemma":"Σπάρτηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"to Sparta","note":"Σπάρτηνδε: the directional suffix -δε ('to/toward') attached straight to the place name, a compact Homeric way of saying 'to Sparta.'"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ξανθὸν","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"ξανθός, the fixed epithet of Menelaus throughout the poem, marking him instantly by hair color."},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b1-l286","source":"ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.","translation":"for he came home last of the bronze-clad Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"for he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δεύτατος","lemma":"δεύτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last","note":"δεύτατος, superlative 'latest/last,' explaining why Menelaus is the last stop — he was the last Achaean home."},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκοχιτώνων","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεύτατος","gloss":"bronze-clad","note":"χαλκοχίτων 'bronze-tunicked,' a Homeric compound epithet for Greek warriors, evoking their armor in formula."}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b1-l287","source":"εἰ μέν κεν πατρὸς βίοτον καὶ νόστον ἀκούσῃς,","translation":"If you hear that your father lives and is coming home,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle, on one hand)"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of your father"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"return home"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃς","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you hear"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b1-l288","source":"ἦ τʼ ἂν τρυχόμενός περ ἔτι τλαίης ἐνιαυτόν·","translation":"then, worn down though you are, you could hold out a year more;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic particle)"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τρυχόμενός","lemma":"τρύχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τλαίης","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τρυχόμενός","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τλαίης","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τλαίης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you could endure","note":"Aorist optative τλαίης with ἄν = potential 'you could bear' — a textbook Homeric potential optative construction."},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτόν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τλαίης","gloss":"a year"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b1-l289","source":"εἰ δέ κε τεθνηῶτος ἀκούσῃς μηδʼ ἔτʼ ἐόντος,","translation":"but if you hear he is dead and no longer alive,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of μηδ᾽","gloss":"dead","note":"τεθνηῶτος, perfect participle of θνήσκω 'to die' — the perfect stem denotes the resulting state 'being dead,' not the act of dying."},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃς","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you hear"},{"surface":"μηδ","lemma":"μηδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of μηδ᾽","gloss":"being alive"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b1-l290","source":"νοστήσας δὴ ἔπειτα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"then return to your dear native land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"thereupon"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b1-l291","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεῦαι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξαι","translation":"heap up a tomb for him and pay the funeral rites","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῆμά","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦαι","gloss":"a tomb","note":"σῆμα here means the burial mound/marker itself — the concrete monument the Greeks raised over a grave, not an abstract 'sign.'"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χεῦαι","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"χεῦαι","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"heap up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"κτέρεα","lemma":"κτέρεα","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κτερεΐξαι","gloss":"funeral gifts"},{"surface":"κτερεΐξαι","lemma":"κτερεΐζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"pay rites for","note":"κτερεΐζω, a verb built directly on κτέρεα 'funeral offerings' — exists almost solely to describe this ritual honoring the dead."}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b1-l292","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε, καὶ ἀνέρι μητέρα δοῦναι.","translation":"in full, as is fitting, and give your mother to a husband.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτέρεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κτέρεα","gloss":"is fitting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"to a husband"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"your mother"},{"surface":"δοῦναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b1-l293","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ ταῦτα τελευτήσῃς τε καὶ ἔρξῃς,","translation":"But once you have finished and done all this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"τελευτήσῃς","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you have finished"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔρξῃς","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you have done"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b1-l294","source":"φράζεσθαι δὴ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"then consider, deep in your mind and heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεσθαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider","note":"Middle infinitive φράζεσθαι used as an imperative ('be sure to consider') — a common Homeric way of issuing commands via infinitive."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζεσθαι","gloss":"thereafter"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρήν, literally the midriff/seat of thought — Homeric psychology locates reasoning in this bodily organ, distinct from θυμός 'heart/spirit.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b1-l295","source":"ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας ἐνὶ μεγάροισι τεοῖσι","translation":"how you may kill the suitors in your halls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνῃς","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"τεοῖσι","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b1-l296","source":"κτείνῃς ἠὲ δόλῳ ἢ ἀμφαδόν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ","translation":"whether by guile or openly; you must no longer","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κτείνῃς","title":"Subjunctive of deliberation","body":"κτείνῃς is aorist subjunctive in an indirect deliberative clause introduced by ὅππως, 'how you may kill.' The subjunctive marks the contemplated, not-yet-real action."}],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνῃς","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"you may kill"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀμφαδόν","lemma":"ἀμφαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὀχέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is necessary"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b1-l297","source":"νηπιάας ὀχέειν, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τηλίκος ἐσσι.","translation":"cling to childish ways, since you are no longer of that age.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηπιάας","lemma":"νηπιάα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀχέειν","gloss":"childish ways","note":"νηπιάας, a rare abstract plural 'childish things' from νήπιος 'infant/foolish' — Athena bluntly tells Telemachus to grow up."},{"surface":"ὀχέειν","lemma":"ὀχέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to cling to"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"τηλίκος","lemma":"τηλίκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of that age"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b1-l298","source":"ἢ οὐκ ἀίεις οἷον κλέος ἔλλαβε δῖος Ὀρέστης","translation":"Or have you not heard what glory noble Orestes won","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀίεις","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you hear"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀίεις","gloss":"won","note":"ἔλλαβε, aorist of λαμβάνω with the epic geminated λλ (for ἔλαβε) — a metrically useful reduplicated spelling common in Homer."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρέστης","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀρέστης","lemma":"Ὀρέστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"Orestes","note":"The Orestes exemplum: Athena holds up Orestes' revenge on Aegisthus as the model Telemachus should follow against the suitors."}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b1-l299","source":"πάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, ἐπεὶ ἔκτανε πατροφονῆα,","translation":"among all men, when he killed his father's slayer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he killed"},{"surface":"πατροφονῆα","lemma":"πατροφονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"his father's slayer","note":"πατροφονεύς, a compound noun 'father-killer' coined for exactly this situation — Aegisthus as murderer of Agamemnon."}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b1-l300","source":"Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, ὅ οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα;","translation":"the cunning Aegisthus, who had slain his famous father?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴγισθον","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"δολόμητιν","lemma":"δολομήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴγισθον","gloss":"cunning","note":"δολομήτης 'crafty-minded,' a scornful epithet built on δόλος 'guile,' branding Aegisthus as a schemer rather than a warrior."},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκτα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πατέρα","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκτα","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἔκτα","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"slew"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b1-l301","source":"καὶ σύ, φίλος, μάλα γάρ σʼ ὁρόω καλόν τε μέγαν τε,","translation":"You too, my friend—for I see you are handsome and tall—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὁρόω","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to γάρ","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tall","note":"καλόν...μέγαν, the paired predicate adjectives 'handsome and big' — a stock Homeric compliment on physical stature."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b1-l302","source":"ἄλκιμος ἔσσʼ, ἵνα τίς σε καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἐὺ εἴπῃ.","translation":"be brave, so that men of later days may speak well of you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"ἔσσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴπῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀψιγόνων","lemma":"ὀψίγονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of later generations","note":"ὀψιγόνων 'later-born,' pointing to future fame — the same concern for posthumous κλέος driving the whole speech."},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may speak"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b1-l303","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν κατελεύσομαι ἤδη","translation":"But now I will go down to my swift ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατελεύσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κατελεύσομαι","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go down"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατελεύσομαι","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b1-l304","source":"ἠδʼ ἑτάρους, οἵ πού με μάλʼ ἀσχαλόωσι μένοντες·","translation":"and my comrades, who must be greatly chafing as they wait for me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀσχαλόωσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀσχαλόωσι","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μένοντες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀσχαλόωσι","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀσχαλόωσι","lemma":"ἀσχαλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑτάρους","gloss":"are chafing","note":"ἀσχαλάω 'to be impatient/vexed,' a rare verb outside Homer used for the crew's restless waiting."},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀσχαλόωσι","gloss":"waiting"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b1-l305","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ μελέτω, καὶ ἐμῶν ἐμπάζεο μύθων.","translation":"Let this be your own concern, and heed my words.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελέτω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σοὶ","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μελέτω","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be a care","note":"μελέτω, 3rd-person imperative of μέλω, 'let it concern (you)' — an impersonal command construction, unusual grammar worth flagging for learners."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῶν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζεο","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπάζεο","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b1-l306","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense,' Telemachus's fixed epithet marking his growing maturity through the epic."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b1-l307","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν ταῦτα φίλα φρονέων ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"\"Stranger, truly you speak these things meaning me well,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φίλα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"kindly, well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"meaning, intending","note":"Present participle φρονέων + φίλα ('meaning well') runs adverbially alongside the main verb, a common Homeric way to add manner to a finite verb."},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b1-l308","source":"ὥς τε πατὴρ ᾧ παιδί, καὶ οὔ ποτε λήσομαι αὐτῶν.","translation":"as a father to his son, and I will never forget them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(enclitic, untranslated)"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a father"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παιδί","gloss":"his own","note":"Possessive ᾧ (dative of ὅς) used like a possessive adjective 'his own' — an old Homeric use of the relative/possessive pronoun."},{"surface":"παιδί","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to his son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"λήσομαι","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will forget","note":"λήσομαι is future middle of λανθάνω, 'to forget' takes the genitive (αὐτῶν) — the object of forgetting stands in the genitive case."},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λήσομαι","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b1-l309","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἐπίμεινον, ἐπειγόμενός περ ὁδοῖο,","translation":"But come, stay a while now, eager though you are for the road,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"ἄγε is a fossilized imperative used as an interjection 'come now', regardless of the number of the person addressed."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπίμεινον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐπίμεινον","lemma":"ἐπιμένω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay, remain"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενός","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίμεινον","gloss":"being eager","note":"Concessive use of the participle with περ: 'eager though you are' — περ regularly marks a participle as concessive in Homer."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενός","gloss":"for the road"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b1-l310","source":"ὄφρα λοεσσάμενός τε τεταρπόμενός τε φίλον κῆρ,","translation":"so that when you have bathed and delighted your heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"λοεσσάμενός","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"τεταρπόμενός","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"having delighted","note":"τε...τε pairs two aorist participles ('bathed... delighted') describing sequential actions before the main verb κίῃς."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"dear, own"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τεταρπόμενός","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b1-l311","source":"δῶρον ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆα κίῃς, χαίρων ἐνὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"you may go to your ship with a gift, rejoicing in your spirit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"a gift"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having, holding"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κίῃς","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may go","note":"Subjunctive κίῃς after ὄφρα expresses purpose ('so that you may go') — a standard Homeric purpose clause with subjunctive."},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b1-l312","source":"τιμῆεν, μάλα καλόν, ὅ τοι κειμήλιον ἔσται","translation":"a precious one, very fine, to be a treasure for you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιμῆεν","lemma":"τιμήεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fine, beautiful"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"κειμήλιον","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a treasure","note":"κειμήλιον, 'heirloom, treasure' — a prized object kept and passed down, the Homeric ideal of a guest-gift."},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρον","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b1-l313","source":"ἐξ ἐμεῦ, οἷα φίλοι ξεῖνοι ξείνοισι διδοῦσι.","translation":"from me, such as dear friends give to friends.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διδοῦσι","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνοι","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ξεῖνοι","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διδοῦσι","gloss":"friends, hosts"},{"surface":"ξείνοισι","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of διδοῦσι","gloss":"to guests","note":"ξεῖνοι ξείνοισι — the same word ξένος used for both giver and receiver, capturing the reciprocal guest-friendship (xenia) ethic."},{"surface":"διδοῦσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κειμήλιον","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b1-l314","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη is a fixed epic epithet-formula for Athena, repeated verbatim whenever she is named in the poem."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b1-l315","source":"μή μʼ ἔτι νῦν κατέρυκε, λιλαιόμενόν περ ὁδοῖο.","translation":"\"Do not hold me back any longer now, eager as I am for the road.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρυκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέρυκε","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέρυκε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back!"},{"surface":"λιλαιόμενόν","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μ᾽","gloss":"eager, longing","note":"λιλαιόμενον...περ again marks a concessive participle, echoing the same construction Telemachus used of her in line 309."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λιλαιόμενόν","gloss":"for the road"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b1-l316","source":"δῶρον δʼ ὅττι κέ μοι δοῦναι φίλον ἦτορ ἀνώγῃ,","translation":"Whatever gift your heart bids you give me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"a gift"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indefinite particle)","note":"κέ with the subjunctive ἀνώγῃ makes the relative clause indefinite: 'whatever gift your heart may bid you give.'"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δοῦναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγῃ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear, own"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγῃ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνώγῃ","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρον","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b1-l317","source":"αὖτις ἀνερχομένῳ δόμεναι οἶκόνδε φέρεσθαι,","translation":"give it when I come again, to carry home with me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνερχομένῳ","gloss":"again, on my return"},{"surface":"ἀνερχομένῳ","lemma":"ἀνέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"when I come back","note":"Dative participle ἀνερχομένῳ agrees with the implied 'me', a compact way to say 'to me on my return' without a separate pronoun."},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρεσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"to carry"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b1-l318","source":"καὶ μάλα καλὸν ἑλών· σοὶ δʼ ἄξιον ἔσται ἀμοιβῆς.","translation":"and choose a very fine one; it will earn you a fitting return.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἑλών","gloss":"fine, beautiful"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"choosing"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξιον","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worthy, fitting"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀμοιβῆς","lemma":"ἀμοιβή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄξιον","gloss":"of a return gift","note":"ἀμοιβῆς (genitive) with ἄξιον, 'worthy of a return' — the gift is framed as repayment within the guest-friendship exchange."}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b1-l319","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So saying, gray-eyed Athena departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b1-l320","source":"ὄρνις δʼ ὣς ἀνόπαια διέπτατο· τῷ δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"flying up like a bird; and in his heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l320.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνόπαια","title":"A disputed word","body":"ἀνόπαια is obscure even to ancient readers—taken variously as a kind of bird, 'up through the smoke-hole,' or 'unseen.' The image is of Athena vanishing in sudden upward flight."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a bird"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"like, as"},{"surface":"ἀνόπαια","lemma":"ἀνοπαῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"upward, aloft","note":"ἀνόπαια is a famously obscure Homeric hapax — ancient scholars already disagreed on its meaning; 'flying up/aloft' is the traditional guess."},{"surface":"διέπτατο","lemma":"διαπέταμαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew away"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θυμῷ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b1-l321","source":"θῆκε μένος καὶ θάρσος, ὑπέμνησέν τέ ἑ πατρὸς","translation":"she set strength and courage, and made him remember his father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she set, placed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ὑπέμνησέν","lemma":"ὑπομιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reminded"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέμνησέν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέμνησέν","gloss":"of his father"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b1-l322","source":"μᾶλλον ἔτʼ ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν. ὁ δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσι νοήσας","translation":"even more than before. And he, perceiving it in his mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέμνησέν","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πάροιθεν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θάμβησεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of νοήσας","gloss":"in his mind","note":"φρεσὶν ᾗσι, 'in his own wits' — dative of place with the possessive relative, a common Homeric phrase for inner perception."},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"νοήσας","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θάμβησεν","gloss":"perceiving"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b1-l323","source":"θάμβησεν κατὰ θυμόν· ὀίσατο γὰρ θεὸν εἶναι.","translation":"was amazed in his heart, for he sensed that she was a god.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l323.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀίσατο","title":"Aorist middle of perception","body":"ὀίσατο is aorist of ὀίομαι, a deponent (middle-form) verb of supposing or sensing. The middle voice fits inward, mental acts—'he sensed within himself.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"θάμβησεν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was amazed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὀίσατο","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sensed, guessed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀίσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b1-l324","source":"αὐτίκα δὲ μνηστῆρας ἐπῴχετο ἰσόθεος φώς.","translation":"At once the godlike man went among the suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went among"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"man","note":"ἰσόθεος φώς, 'godlike man' — an epic formula applying divine-adjacent stature to Telemachus as he steps forward with new resolve."}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b1-l325","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός, οἱ δὲ σιωπῇ","translation":"To them a famous bard was singing, and they in silence","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειδε","gloss":"a bard, singer"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was singing"},{"surface":"περικλυτός","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸς","gloss":"famous, renowned","note":"περικλυτός is a stock epic epithet for craftsmen/singers, here for the bard Phemius."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥατ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b1-l326","source":"ἥατʼ ἀκούοντες· ὁ δʼ Ἀχαιῶν νόστον ἄειδε","translation":"sat listening; he sang of the Achaeans' homecoming,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l326.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"Nostos: the homecoming","body":"Nostos, 'return home,' is the keyword of the whole poem. Here the bard sings of the Achaeans' return from Troy—a theme that cuts close to Telemachus' own loss."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἀκούοντες","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"listening"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄειδε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"homecoming, return"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was singing"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b1-l327","source":"λυγρόν, ὃν ἐκ Τροίης ἐπετείλατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"the grievous one Pallas Athena laid on them out of Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρόν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"grievous, sorrowful"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπετείλατο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from, out of"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐπετείλατο","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νόστον","gloss":"laid upon, ordained","note":"ἐπετείλατο, 'enjoined, imposed' — Athena is presented as the divine cause of the Achaeans' disastrous homecomings, foreshadowing the poem's theme."},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπετείλατο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b1-l328","source":"τοῦ δʼ ὑπερωιόθεν φρεσὶ σύνθετο θέσπιν ἀοιδὴν","translation":"caught his marvelous song from her upper chamber,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπερωιόθεν","lemma":"ὑπερωιόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σύνθετο","gloss":"from upstairs, from her chamber"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of σύνθετο","gloss":"in mind, heart"},{"surface":"σύνθετο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught, perceived"},{"surface":"θέσπιν","lemma":"θέσπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"marvelous, divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σύνθετο","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b1-l329","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"But the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"περίφρων is Penelope's standing epithet, 'circumspect/very wise', used almost every time she is introduced by name."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b1-l330","source":"κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν κατεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο,","translation":"and she came down the high stairway of her house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλίμακα","lemma":"κλῖμαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατεβήσετο","gloss":"stairway"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηλὴν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλίμακα","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"κατεβήσετο","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came down"},{"surface":"οἷο","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δόμοιο","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"δόμοιο","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλίμακα","gloss":"of the house"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b1-l331","source":"οὐκ οἴη, ἅμα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι δύʼ ἕποντο.","translation":"not alone, for two handmaids came with her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολοι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολοι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"went along, accompanied"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b1-l332","source":"ἡ δʼ ὅτε δὴ μνηστῆρας ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν,","translation":"And when she reached the suitors, that radiant woman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῖα γυναικῶν","title":"\"radiant among women\"","body":"A formulaic epithet, literally \"shining/divine of women,\" marking a woman of exceptional beauty or rank. Used here of Penelope as she comes before the suitors."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached, came to"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡ","gloss":"radiant, divine","note":"δῖα γυναικῶν, 'shining among women' — a formulaic honorific epithet marking Penelope's stature as she enters the hall."},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b1-l333","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,","translation":"she stopped beside the doorpost of the strongly built hall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"doorpost"},{"surface":"τέγεος","lemma":"τέγος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"of the roof, hall"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητοῖο","gloss":"firmly, closely"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέγεος","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b1-l334","source":"ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα·","translation":"holding her shining veil before her cheeks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before, in front of"},{"surface":"παρειάων","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"her cheeks"},{"surface":"σχομένη","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"λιπαρὰ","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"shining, gleaming"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνα","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σχομένη","gloss":"veil","note":"κρήδεμνα, the veil Penelope holds before her face — a recurring gesture of modesty whenever she appears before the suitors."}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b1-l335","source":"ἀμφίπολος δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη.","translation":"and a faithful handmaid stood on either side of her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφίπολος","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέστη","gloss":"a handmaid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρέστη","gloss":"her","note":"Plain dative object of παρίστημι ('stand beside/near someone') — a normal dative of the person, not a possessive or accusative usage."},{"surface":"κεδνὴ","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολος","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθε","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of παρέστη","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside","note":"Root aorist παρέστη (παρίστημι) — an intransitive 'stood' form, common formulaic verb for a servant's arrival."}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b1-l336","source":"δακρύσασα δʼ ἔπειτα προσηύδα θεῖον ἀοιδόν·","translation":"Then, weeping, she spoke to the divine singer:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l336.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δακρύσασα","title":"Aorist participle","body":"An aorist participle of δακρύω (\"to weep\"), agreeing with Penelope. It frames her speech: \"having burst into tears, she then spoke.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"δακρύσασα","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke to","note":"Imperfect προσηύδα, the standard formulaic verb introducing direct speech in Homer."},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδόν","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδόν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"singer"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b1-l337","source":"Φήμιε, πολλὰ γὰρ ἄλλα βροτῶν θελκτήρια\n                     οἶδας,","translation":"\"Phemius, you know many other charms for mortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φήμιε","lemma":"Φήμιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phemius"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θελκτήρια","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θελκτήρια","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θελκτήρια","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"θελκτήρια","lemma":"θελκτήριον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"charms","note":"θελκτήρια, 'spells/charms that enchant' — a poetic epic noun for the bewitching power of song."},{"surface":"οἶδας","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b1-l338","source":"ἔργʼ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί·","translation":"the deeds of men and gods that singers make famous.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of κλείουσιν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλείουσιν","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργ᾽","gloss":"make famous","note":"κλείουσιν 'make famous/celebrate' — the verb behind κλέος (fame), the central epic value word."},{"surface":"ἀοιδοί","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κλείουσιν","gloss":"singers"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b1-l339","source":"τῶν ἕν γέ σφιν ἄειδε παρήμενος, οἱ δὲ σιωπῇ","translation":"Sing them one of those as you sit there, and let them in silence","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἕν","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"ἕν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sing","note":"Present imperative ἄειδε — Telemachus commanding the bard; the same imperative form Homer uses to invoke the Muse at the Iliad's opening (the Odyssey itself opens with ἔννεπε, not ἄειδε)."},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄειδε","gloss":"sitting there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πινόντων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πινόντων","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b1-l340","source":"οἶνον πινόντων· ταύτης δʼ ἀποπαύεʼ ἀοιδῆς","translation":"drink their wine; but cease from this song,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀποπαύεʼ","title":"Middle imperative","body":"ἀποπαύεο is a present middle imperative, \"cease for yourself, leave off.\" The middle voice turns the verb back on the subject: stop your own singing."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πινόντων","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"πινόντων","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let them drink","note":"3rd person imperative πινόντων ('let them drink') — Greek can command a third party directly, no 'let' verb needed."},{"surface":"ταύτης","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδῆς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀποπαύε","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease from"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῆς","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποπαύε᾽","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b1-l341","source":"λυγρῆς, ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον κῆρ","translation":"this grievous one, which always in my breast wears down","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρῆς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδῆς","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τείρει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τείρει","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τείρει","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast","note":"στήθεσσι, epic dative plural of στῆθος used for a single chest — the plural-for-singular is a common Homeric formula."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τείρει","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b1-l342","source":"τείρει, ἐπεί με μάλιστα καθίκετο πένθος ἄλαστον.","translation":"the dear heart in me, since unforgettable grief has struck me hardest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l342.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πένθος ἄλαστον","title":"\"grief unforgettable\"","body":"πένθος is deep mourning; ἄλαστον means \"not to be forgotten,\" grief that cannot be put out of mind. The phrase marks Penelope's enduring sorrow for Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τείρει","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀοιδῆς","gloss":"wears down"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καθίκετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"καθίκετο","lemma":"καθικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"has struck"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καθίκετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἄλαστον","lemma":"ἄλαστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"unforgettable","note":"ἄλαστον, 'not to be forgotten' — an alpha-privative epithet marking trauma that can never be let go."}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b1-l343","source":"τοίην γὰρ κεφαλὴν ποθέω μεμνημένη αἰεί,","translation":"For I long, remembering him always, for such a head,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίην","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὴν","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποθέω","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ποθέω","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I long for"},{"surface":"μεμνημένη","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ποθέω","gloss":"remembering","note":"Perfect participle μεμνημένη — the perfect stem gives an ongoing state, 'having in mind / ever remembering.'"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμνημένη","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b1-l344","source":"ἀνδρός, τοῦ κλέος εὐρὺ καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος.","translation":"for the man whose fame is wide through Hellas and the heart of Argos.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l344.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos: glory, fame","body":"kleos is the renown that spreads in song and report, the reputation that outlives a man. Penelope means Odysseus' fame is known across the whole Greek world."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεφαλὴν","gloss":"of the man"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Ἑλλάδα","lemma":"Ἑλλάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hellas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"the heart of"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"Argos","note":"'Hellas and the heart of Argos' is a formulaic merism meaning 'the whole Greek world,' not two literal places."}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b1-l345","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then prudent Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l345.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"\"prudent, thoughtful\"","body":"A recurring epithet of Telemachus, from a perfect participle meaning \"having good sense.\" It marks him as level-headed and well-spoken, a standard formula introducing his replies."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"prudent","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle literally 'having breathed in wisdom' — Telemachus's standing epithet marking his maturing judgment."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b1-l346","source":"μῆτερ ἐμή, τί τʼ ἄρα φθονέεις ἐρίηρον ἀοιδὸν","translation":"\"My mother, why do you begrudge the trusty singer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμή","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to φθονέεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φθονέεις","lemma":"φθονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you begrudge"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρον","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸν","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέρπειν","gloss":"singer"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b1-l347","source":"τέρπειν ὅππῃ οἱ νόος ὄρνυται; οὔ νύ τʼ ἀοιδοὶ","translation":"giving pleasure however his mind is moved? Singers are not","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρπειν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φθονέεις","gloss":"giving pleasure"},{"surface":"ὅππῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυται","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυται","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ὄρνυται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τέρπειν","gloss":"is moved","note":"ὄρνυται (middle 'is stirred/moved') describes the bard's inspiration as something arising within, not chosen."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀοιδοὶ","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"singers"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b1-l348","source":"αἴτιοι, ἀλλά ποθι Ζεὺς αἴτιος, ὅς τε δίδωσιν","translation":"to blame; it is Zeus, rather, who is to blame, who gives","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l348.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἴτιος","title":"aitios: responsible, to blame","body":"aitios marks the cause or guilty party. Telemachus shifts blame from the singer to Zeus, who apportions men's fortunes; the word becomes a key term in the poem's debate over responsibility."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴτιοι","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αἴτιος","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίδωσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δίδωσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεὺς","gloss":"gives","note":"Gnomic present δίδωσιν stating a timeless truth about Zeus's power over poets — theology of inspiration in a single verb."}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b1-l349","source":"ἀνδράσιν ἀλφηστῇσιν, ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν, ἑκάστῳ.","translation":"to men who live by bread, to each as he wills.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"ἀλφηστῇσιν","lemma":"ἀλφηστής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"who live by bread"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δίδωσιν","gloss":"he wishes"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to each"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b1-l350","source":"τούτῳ δʼ οὐ νέμεσις Δαναῶν κακὸν οἶτον ἀείδειν·","translation":"There is no blame in this man's singing the evil fate of the Danaans;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l350.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νέμεσις","title":"nemesis: righteous blame","body":"nemesis is the indignation a deed rightly arouses, the sense that something deserves reproach. Telemachus says the singer's choice of subject earns no such censure."}],"words":[{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"νέμεσις","lemma":"νέμεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"blame","note":"νέμεσις, the concept of righteous indignation/blame — a key epic-social term for what the community deems shameful."},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείδειν","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἀείδειν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to sing"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b1-l351","source":"τὴν γὰρ ἀοιδὴν μᾶλλον ἐπικλείουσʼ ἄνθρωποι,","translation":"for people give greater praise to that song","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικλείουσ᾽","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπικλείουσ᾽","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐπικλείουσ","lemma":"ἐπικλείω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπικλείουσ᾽","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b1-l352","source":"ἥ τις ἀκουόντεσσι νεωτάτη ἀμφιπέληται.","translation":"which comes round newest to the ears of its hearers.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφιπέληται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"ἀκουόντεσσι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of ἀμφιπέληται","gloss":"to hearers"},{"surface":"νεωτάτη","lemma":"νεώτατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"newest","note":"νεωτάτη 'newest' — Telemachus voices a striking meta-poetic idea: audiences prize the latest song over the old."},{"surface":"ἀμφιπέληται","lemma":"ἀμφιπέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"comes round"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b1-l353","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐπιτολμάτω κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀκούειν·","translation":"Let your heart and spirit endure to listen;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπιτολμάτω","title":"Third-person imperative","body":"ἐπιτολμάτω is a present imperative in the third person, \"let it endure.\" Greek can command a third party directly; here Telemachus tells his mother's heart to bear up."}],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιτολμάτω","lemma":"ἐπιτολμάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let endure"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀκούειν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιτολμάτω","gloss":"to listen"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b1-l354","source":"οὐ γὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς οἶος ἀπώλεσε νόστιμον ἦμαρ","translation":"for not Odysseus alone lost the day of his homecoming","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l354.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ","title":"\"the day of homecoming\"","body":"A formula built on nostos (homecoming/return). To \"lose the homecoming day\" is to die abroad and never return; it recurs throughout the Odyssey."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone' placed for emphasis — Telemachus generalizes his father's loss to console his mother, a rhetorical move."},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of homecoming"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b1-l355","source":"ἐν Τροίῃ, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι φῶτες ὄλοντο.","translation":"at Troy; many other men perished as well.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"φῶτες","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b1-l356","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰς οἶκον ἰοῦσα τὰ σʼ αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε,","translation":"Go into the house and attend to your own work,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κόμιζε","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"κόμιζε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attend to","note":"Imperative κόμιζε — Telemachus's first assertion of household authority over his mother, a turning point line."}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b1-l357","source":"ἱστόν τʼ ἠλακάτην τε, καὶ ἀμφιπόλοισι κέλευε","translation":"the loom and the distaff, and order your handmaids","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the loom"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠλακάτην","lemma":"ἠλακάτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the distaff"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"order"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b1-l358","source":"ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι· μῦθος δʼ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει","translation":"to go about their tasks; speech will be the men's concern,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐποίχεσθαι","gloss":"their task"},{"surface":"ἐποίχεσθαι","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"to go about"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μελήσει","gloss":"speech","note":"μῦθος here means authoritative public speech, not myth — Telemachus claims it as the men's exclusive domain."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"μελήσει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a concern"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b1-l359","source":"πᾶσι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐμοί· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἔστʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ.","translation":"of all men, and mine above all; for the authority in this house is mine.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κράτος","title":"kratos: power, authority","body":"kratos is dominating power or rule. Telemachus claims mastery of the household, his first assertion of adult authority in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμοί","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"authority","note":"κράτος 'power/mastery' — Telemachus's closing claim of household rule, the line's whole point."},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b1-l360","source":"ἡ μὲν θαμβήσασα πάλιν οἶκόνδε βεβήκει·","translation":"Amazed, she went back into the house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θαμβήσασα","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"amazed","note":"θαμβήσασα 'amazed' — her surprise marks Telemachus's new firmness as a shock, the moment he starts to seem grown."},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b1-l361","source":"παιδὸς γὰρ μῦθον πεπνυμένον ἔνθετο θυμῷ.","translation":"for she took her son's prudent word to heart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of her son"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθετο","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένον","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"ἔνθετο","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she laid up","note":"ἔνθετο θυμῷ, 'she put in her heart' — a formulaic idiom for taking something deeply to heart."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b1-l362","source":"ἐς δʼ ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶ","translation":"Going up to her upper room with her serving women,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπερῷ","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"upper room"},{"surface":"ἀναβᾶσα","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖεν","gloss":"going up"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναιξὶ","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b1-l363","source":"κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον","translation":"she wept then for Odysseus, her dear husband, until sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she wept","note":"Imperfect κλαῖεν marks weeping as ongoing action, not a single burst."},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"on her","note":"οἱ is the enclitic dative of ἕ, 'to/for her' — the unemphatic 3rd-person pronoun so common in Homer."},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b1-l364","source":"ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"sweet sleep, was cast upon her eyelids by gray-eyed Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l364.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"\"gray-eyed\" Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, the standard epithet of Athena, suggests bright, gleaming, or owl-like eyes. We keep the familiar \"gray-eyed,\" though \"bright-eyed\" captures the gleam."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισι","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"her eyelids"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"cast","note":"βάλε 'cast, threw' is the vivid Homeric verb for sleep descending on someone, more physical than English 'came'."},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's standing epithet ('bright/gray-eyed'), a fixed formulaic tag that fills the line's end."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b1-l365","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ὁμάδησαν ἀνὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα,","translation":"The suitors made an uproar throughout the shadowy halls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμάδησαν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμάδησαν","lemma":"ὁμαδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made an uproar","note":"ὁμαδέω, 'raise a din', a rare verb used for a crowd's collective noise breaking out at once."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"μέγαρα","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέγαρα","gloss":"shadowy","note":"σκιόεντα 'shadowy' is a stock epithet for μέγαρα, evoking the dim interior of the great hall."}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b1-l366","source":"πάντες δʼ ἠρήσαντο παραὶ λεχέεσσι κλιθῆναι.","translation":"and every one of them prayed to lie beside her in bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠρήσαντο","gloss":"every one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠρήσαντο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed","note":"ἀράομαι, middle voice — praying as something done for oneself/one's own benefit."},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παραὶ","gloss":"her bed"},{"surface":"κλιθῆναι","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠρήσαντο","gloss":"to lie"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b1-l367","source":"τοῖσι δὲ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἤρχετο μύθων·","translation":"But prudent Telemachus began to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤρχετο","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤρχετο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"prudent","note":"πεπνυμένος, literally 'having breathed/been inspired', a perfect participle used as Telemachus's standing epithet meaning 'wise, sound-minded'."},{"surface":"ἤρχετο","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began to speak"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρχετο","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b1-l368","source":"μητρὸς ἐμῆς μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν\n                     ἔχοντες,","translation":"\"Suitors of my mother, with your overbearing insolence,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l368.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὕβρις","title":"hubris: insolence, outrage","body":"hubris is arrogant violence that violates due order and another's honor. The suitors' hubris, consuming Telemachus' house, is the central wrong the poem will punish."}],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"of my mother"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιον","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕβριν","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"insolence","note":"ὕβρις, the charged Greek term for arrogant, boundary-crossing outrage — carries moral weight beyond mere 'rudeness'."},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b1-l369","source":"νῦν μὲν δαινύμενοι τερπώμεθα, μηδὲ βοητὺς","translation":"for now let us take our pleasure in the feast, and let there be no shouting,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τερπώμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαινύμενοι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τερπώμεθα","gloss":"feasting"},{"surface":"τερπώμεθα","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us take pleasure","note":"τερπώμεθα is a hortatory subjunctive, 'let us…' — Telemachus grants the feast before pivoting to his real demand."},{"surface":"βοητὺς","lemma":"βοητύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b1-l370","source":"ἔστω, ἐπεὶ τόδε καλὸν ἀκουέμεν ἐστὶν ἀοιδοῦ","translation":"since it is a fine thing to hear a singer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a fine thing"},{"surface":"ἀκουέμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"to hear","note":"ἀκουέμεν is an old epic infinitive ending (-έμεν) alongside the Attic ἀκούειν, a marker of Homeric diction."},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"ἀοιδοῦ","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"a singer"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b1-l371","source":"τοιοῦδʼ οἷος ὅδʼ ἐστί, θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν.","translation":"such as this one is, like the gods in voice.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀοιδοῦ","gloss":"such as this"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀοιδοῦ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"like","note":"ἐναλίγκιος 'like, similar to' governs a dative (θεοῖς) plus accusative of respect (αὐδήν) — 'like the gods in voice'."},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b1-l372","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ ἀγορήνδε καθεζώμεσθα κιόντες","translation":"But at dawn let us all go and sit in assembly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγορή","title":"agora: assembly","body":"The agora is the gathering of the people for public speech and decision, also the place where it meets. Telemachus' call to assembly is his first formal political act."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεζώμεσθα","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀγορήνδε","lemma":"ἀγορήνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιόντες","gloss":"to the assembly","note":"-δε is a directional suffix meaning 'to/toward', attached right onto ἀγορήν, 'assembly-ward'."},{"surface":"καθεζώμεσθα","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us sit"},{"surface":"κιόντες","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθεζώμεσθα","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b1-l373","source":"πάντες, ἵνʼ ὕμιν μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποείπω,","translation":"so that I may declare my word to you without reserve:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καθεζώμεσθα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ὕμιν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἀποείπω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"my word"},{"surface":"ἀπηλεγέως","lemma":"ἀπηλεγέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποείπω","gloss":"without reserve","note":"ἀπηλεγέως 'bluntly, without evasion' — a rare adverb signaling Telemachus is about to speak with unusual directness."},{"surface":"ἀποείπω","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"I may declare"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b1-l374","source":"ἐξιέναι μεγάρων· ἄλλας δʼ ἀλεγύνετε δαῖτας,","translation":"to leave my halls. See to other feasts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξιέναι","lemma":"ἐξίημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀποείπω","gloss":"to leave"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξιέναι","gloss":"my halls"},{"surface":"ἄλλας","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτας","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεγύνετε","lemma":"ἀλεγύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see to","note":"ἀλεγύνω 'attend to, arrange' — imperative telling the suitors to host their own feasts elsewhere."},{"surface":"δαῖτας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"feasts"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b1-l375","source":"ὑμὰ κτήματʼ ἔδοντες, ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους.","translation":"eating your own goods, taking turns from house to house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμὰ","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματ᾽","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενοι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"taking turns","note":"ἀμειβόμενοι, middle participle of 'exchange' — used of the suitors rotating which house's stores they consume."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οἴκους","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"house to house"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b1-l376","source":"εἰ δʼ ὕμιν δοκέει τόδε λωίτερον καὶ ἄμεινον","translation":"But if it seems to you better and finer","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕμιν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δοκέει","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"λωίτερον","lemma":"λωίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"λωίτερον, an old comparative form of ἀγαθός ('better'), paired with ἄμεινον for emphasis — two near-synonym comparatives stacked together."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"finer"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b1-l377","source":"ἔμμεναι, ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς βίοτον νήποινον ὀλέσθαι,","translation":"that one man's livelihood be wasted without payment,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἑνὸς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"νήποινον","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"without payment","note":"νήποινος 'without requital/payment' — a legal-flavored word implying the suitors owe restitution for what they consume."},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"be wasted"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b1-l378","source":"κείρετʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ θεοὺς ἐπιβώσομαι αἰὲν ἐόντας,","translation":"then devour it; and I will call upon the gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείρετ","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour it","note":"κείρετε, literally 'shear, cut down' — a harsh, almost violent verb for the suitors stripping Odysseus's estate."},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιβώσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβώσομαι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιβώσομαι","lemma":"ἐπιβοάω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will call upon"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὺς","gloss":"who live"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b1-l379","source":"αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷσι παλίντιτα ἔργα γενέσθαι·","translation":"in hope that Zeus may grant deeds of requital to be done:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l379.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παλίντιτα ἔργα","title":"\"deeds of requital\"","body":"παλίντιτα means \"paid back, requited.\" Telemachus prays Zeus may bring retribution on the suitors, deeds that repay their plunder in kind."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in hope that"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῷσι","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῷσι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δῷσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may grant"},{"surface":"παλίντιτα","lemma":"παλίντιτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of requital","note":"παλίντιτα, 'paid back in turn' — a compound built on 'again' + 'pay', naming exact retributive justice."},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of δῷσι","gloss":"to be done"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b1-l380","source":"νήποινοί κεν ἔπειτα δόμων ἔντοσθεν ὄλοισθε.","translation":"then within these halls you would perish unavenged.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l380.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήποινοι","title":"\"unavenged, without recompense\"","body":"νήποινος means \"without penalty paid\"; here, applied to the suitors' deaths, it means no blood-price would be exacted for them. The same word in 377 described the wasted livelihood for which no payment is made."}],"words":[{"surface":"νήποινοί","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unavenged"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλοισθε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"these halls"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ὄλοισθε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would perish","note":"ὄλοισθε is an aorist optative of wish/potential — Telemachus voices a curse-like hope for the suitors' ruin."}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b1-l381","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι\n                  φύντες","translation":"So he spoke, and they all bit their lips,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l381.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες","title":"\"biting their lips\"","body":"Literally \"sinking their teeth into their lips,\" a vivid idiom for swallowing anger or astonishment. The suitors are taken aback by Telemachus' boldness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θαύμαζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύντες","gloss":"with their teeth","note":"ὀδάξ 'with the teeth' is a fossilized adverb found almost only in this Homeric formula for biting the lip in astonishment."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείλεσι","lemma":"χεῖλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"their lips"},{"surface":"φύντες","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζον","gloss":"having fixed","note":"φύντες, aorist of φύω ('grow, fix'), pictures the teeth sinking/growing into the lip — a vivid literal root behind the idiom."}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b1-l382","source":"Τηλέμαχον θαύμαζον, ὃ θαρσαλέως ἀγόρευεν.","translation":"marveling at Telemachus, that he spoke so boldly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαύμαζον","gloss":"at Telemachus"},{"surface":"θαύμαζον","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευεν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέως","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευεν","gloss":"so boldly"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευεν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θαύμαζον","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b1-l383","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος προσέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, addressed him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b1-l384","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, ἦ μάλα δή σε διδάσκουσιν θεοὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"\"Telemachus, surely the gods themselves are teaching you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διδάσκουσιν","gloss":"greatly","note":"μάλα δή together intensify 'truly indeed' — Antinous's sarcastic emphasis mocking Telemachus's new boldness."},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"διδάσκουσιν","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are teaching"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διδάσκουσιν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b1-l385","source":"ὑψαγόρην τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέως ἀγορεύειν·","translation":"to be a lofty speaker and to talk so boldly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l385.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑψαγόρην","title":"\"lofty talker\"","body":"ὑψαγόρης combines \"high\" and \"speaker,\" a sneering term for one who talks big or grandly. Antinous mocks Telemachus' new assertiveness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψαγόρην","lemma":"ὑψαγόρας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a lofty speaker","note":"ὑψαγόρης, 'high-talker', a rare compound coined for grand or presumptuous speechmaking — sarcastic here."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέως","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύειν","gloss":"so boldly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to talk"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b1-l386","source":"μὴ σέ γʼ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων","translation":"May the son of Kronos never make you king","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may not"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιάλῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκῃ","gloss":"sea-girt","note":"ἀμφίαλος 'sea-girt, surrounded by sea' is a standing epithet for island Ithaca."},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποιήσειεν","gloss":"son of Kronos","note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet 'son of Kronos', i.e. Zeus — used instead of the name itself."}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b1-l387","source":"ποιήσειεν, ὅ τοι γενεῇ πατρώιόν ἐστιν.","translation":"in sea-girt Ithaca, though it is yours by birthright.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l387.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφιάλῳ","title":"\"sea-girt\" Ithaca","body":"ἀμφίαλος means \"with sea on both sides, sea-girt,\" a standard epithet for the island Ithaca, fixing its character as surrounded by water."}],"words":[{"surface":"ποιήσειεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make you","note":"ποιήσειεν, aorist optative — expresses a wish/prayer (here ironically negative, 'may Zeus never make...')."},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐστιν","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"by birthright"},{"surface":"πατρώιόν","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"by inheritance","note":"πατρώιος 'of the father, hereditary' — legally marks kingship as Telemachus's birthright, not a gift."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b1-l388","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then prudent Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b1-l389","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, ἦ καί μοι νεμεσήσεαι ὅττι κεν εἴπω;","translation":"\"Antinous, will you be angry with me at what I say?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσεαι","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσεαι","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be angry"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"at what"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of νεμεσήσεαι","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b1-l390","source":"καί κεν τοῦτʼ ἐθέλοιμι Διός γε διδόντος ἀρέσθαι.","translation":"I would gladly take even this, if Zeus should grant it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l390.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐθέλοιμι","title":"Potential optative","body":"ἐθέλοιμι is a present optative with κεν, expressing a polite, hypothetical wish: \"I would be willing.\" The optative with the particle marks possibility rather than fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would gladly wish"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διδόντος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"διδόντος","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"granting","note":"γε διδόντος is a genitive absolute, 'Zeus granting it' — a condition detached from the main clause's grammar."},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"to take"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b1-l391","source":"ἦ φῂς τοῦτο κάκιστον ἐν ἀνθρώποισι τετύχθαι;","translation":"Do you say this is the worst thing that can befall a man?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"φῂς","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you say"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of τετύχθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κάκιστον","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worst"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"men","note":"Epic dative plural ἀνθρώποισι (-οισι, not -οις) is the Homeric ending, still common in the epic dialect."},{"surface":"τετύχθαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φῂς","gloss":"to have befallen","note":"Perfect infinitive τετύχθαι stresses a completed, settled state — 'to have become fixed as fact,' not just 'happen.'"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b1-l392","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν· αἶψά τέ οἱ δῶ","translation":"It is no bad thing to be king; swiftly one's house","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"βασιλευέμεν","lemma":"βασιλεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to be king","note":"Epic infinitive ending -έμεν(αι) (βασιλευέμεν) instead of Attic -ειν, a marker of the older poetic dialect."},{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλεται","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"house","note":"δῶ is a shortened, poetic form of δῶμα used for meter."}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b1-l393","source":"ἀφνειὸν πέλεται καὶ τιμηέστερος αὐτός.","translation":"grows rich, and the man himself more honored.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειὸν","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιμηέστερος","lemma":"τιμήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more honored"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"he himself"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b1-l394","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι","translation":"But there are indeed other kings of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"kings","note":"βασιλῆες — epic uncontracted plural of βασιλεύς, versus the later contracted βασιλεῖς."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b1-l395","source":"πολλοὶ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ, νέοι ἠδὲ παλαιοί,","translation":"many in sea-girt Ithaca, young and old,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιάλῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκῃ","gloss":"sea-girt","note":"ἀμφίαλος 'sea-girt' is a generic formulaic epithet for islands, not exclusive to Ithaca."},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλαιοί","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b1-l396","source":"τῶν κέν τις τόδʼ ἔχῃσιν, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"one of whom may hold this honor, since noble Odysseus is dead;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"this (honor)"},{"surface":"ἔχῃσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"may hold","note":"Subjunctive ἔχῃσιν with κέν marks a future-possible scenario — 'whoever might hold this.'"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θάνε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος 'godlike/noble' is a stock Homeric epithet regularly paired with Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θάνε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b1-l397","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν οἴκοιο ἄναξ ἔσομʼ ἡμετέροιο","translation":"but I will be lord of our own house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l397.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄναξ","title":"anax: lord, master","body":"anax is a title of lordship and mastery over a household or realm. Telemachus retreats from the contested kingship to a claim he can hold: master of his own house."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσομ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οἴκοιο","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἔσομ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκοιο","gloss":"our own"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b1-l398","source":"καὶ δμώων, οὕς μοι ληίσσατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"and of the slaves that noble Odysseus won for me.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the slaves"},{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ληίσσατο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ληίσσατο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ληίσσατο","lemma":"ληίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄναξ","gloss":"won","note":"ληίσσατο, from ληίζομαι 'to take as spoil/plunder,' underscores Odysseus winning these slaves as war-booty."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ληίσσατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b1-l399","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος Πολύβου πάϊς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"τὸν δ᾽ αὖτ᾽ ... ἀντίον ηὔδα is a recurring Homeric speech-formula introducing a reply."}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b1-l400","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, ἦ τοι ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται,","translation":"\"Telemachus, this surely lies on the knees of the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus","note":"Vocative Τηλέμαχ᾽ elided before a vowel, addressing him directly as the speech opens."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"knees","note":"'On the knees of the gods' is a Homeric idiom for what lies in divine hands, i.e. undetermined fate."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b1-l401","source":"ὅς τις ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλεύσει Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"whoever shall be king of the Achaeans in sea-girt Ithaca;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βασιλεύσει","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιάλῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκῃ","gloss":"sea-girt"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"βασιλεύσει","lemma":"βασιλεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ταῦτα","gloss":"shall be king"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b1-l402","source":"κτήματα δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχοις καὶ δώμασιν οἷσιν ἀνάσσοις.","translation":"but may you keep your possessions and rule your own house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοις","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"ἔχοις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you keep","note":"Optative ἔχοις (with ἀνάσσοις) expresses a wish — 'may you keep,' not a statement of fact."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δώμασιν","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσοις","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δώμασιν","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσοις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you rule"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b1-l403","source":"μὴ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἔλθοι ἀνὴρ ὅς τίς σʼ ἀέκοντα βίηφιν","translation":"May no man ever come who against your will, by force,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"that (man)"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may come","note":"Optative ἔλθοι with μή expresses a strong wish against something happening — 'may no man ever come.'"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀπορραίσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κτήματ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σ᾽","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"βίηφιν","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπορραίσει","gloss":"by force","note":"βίηφιν uses the old instrumental suffix -φι(ν), a relic Homeric case-form meaning 'by/with force.'"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b1-l404","source":"κτήματʼ ἀπορραίσει, Ἰθάκης ἔτι ναιετοώσης.","translation":"would tear your possessions from you, while Ithaca is still inhabited.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπορραίσει","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἀπορραίσει","lemma":"ἀπορραίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"will tear away"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ναιετοώσης","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετοώσης","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ναιετοώσης","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"being inhabited","note":"Genitive absolute Ἰθάκης ... ναιετοώσης sets an independent time-frame: 'while Ithaca still stands inhabited.'"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b1-l405","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐθέλω σε, φέριστε, περὶ ξείνοιο ἐρέσθαι,","translation":"But I wish, my good man, to ask you about the stranger:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φέριστε","lemma":"φέριστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"good sir","note":"φέριστε, superlative vocative ('best one'), is a polite/flattering form of address, common in Homeric dialogue."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ξείνοιο","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἐρέσθαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλω","gloss":"to ask"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b1-l406","source":"ὁππόθεν οὗτος ἀνήρ, ποίης δʼ ἐξ εὔχεται εἶναι","translation":"where this man comes from, of what land he claims to be,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππόθεν","lemma":"ὁπόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ποίης","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"what kind of"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"he claims"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b1-l407","source":"γαίης, ποῦ δέ νύ οἱ γενεὴ καὶ πατρὶς ἄρουρα.","translation":"and where his family is, and his native soil.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"land","note":"γαίης is postponed to open the next line, split from its adjective ποίης — an enjambment typical of Homeric verse."},{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γενεὴ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρὶς","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄρουρα","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"ἄρουρα","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"soil"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b1-l408","source":"ἠέ τινʼ ἀγγελίην πατρὸς φέρει ἐρχομένοιο,","translation":"Does he bring some news of your father's coming,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"of your father"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"does he bring"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένοιο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b1-l409","source":"ἦ ἑὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος ἐελδόμενος τόδʼ ἱκάνει;","translation":"or has he come here pressing some need of his own?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"of his own"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐελδόμενος","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"ἐελδόμενος","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνει","gloss":"pressing","note":"ἐελδόμενος shows epic reduplication (ἐ-ελδ-) on the root ἔλδομαι 'to desire/crave,' a common augment-like intensifying spelling in Homer."},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has he come"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b1-l410","source":"οἷον ἀναΐξας ἄφαρ οἴχεται, οὐδʼ ὑπέμεινε","translation":"How he sprang up and was gone at once, and did not wait","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀναΐξας","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"οἴχεται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was gone"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ὑπέμεινε","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did wait"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b1-l411","source":"γνώμεναι· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακῷ εἰς ὦπα ἐῴκει.","translation":"to be known; yet he did not seem a base man to look at.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώμεναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὑπέμεινε","gloss":"to be known","note":"γνώμεναι, epic aorist infinitive with -μεναι ending, completes the sense of ὑπέμεινε: 'did not wait to be recognized.'"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὦπα","lemma":"ὤψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"look","note":"ὦπα, accusative of ὤψ 'face/countenance,' survives in epic only in this kind of fixed phrase (εἰς ὦπα)."},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he seemed"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b1-l412","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then prudent Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ηὔδα","gloss":"prudent","note":"πεπνυμένος 'wise/prudent' (perfect participle of πέπνυμαι) is Telemachus's standing epithet throughout the poem."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b1-l413","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ, ἦ τοι νόστος ἀπώλετο πατρὸς ἐμοῖο·","translation":"\"Eurymachus, surely my father's homecoming is lost.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l413.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστος","title":"nostos: homecoming, return","body":"nostos is the safe return home, the theme that drives the whole poem. Telemachus declares his father's nostos lost, that is, hopeless."}],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"νόστος","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλετο","gloss":"homecoming","note":"νόστος, 'return home,' is the poem's central theme-word — here already declared lost for Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἀπώλετο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is lost"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστος","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖο","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b1-l414","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν ἀγγελίῃ ἔτι πείθομαι, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι,","translation":"So I no longer trust any message, wherever it may come from,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίῃ","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πείθομαι","gloss":"any message"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτε","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"πείθομαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I trust"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"it might come"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b1-l415","source":"οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπάζομαι, ἥν τινα μήτηρ","translation":"nor do I heed any prophecy that my mother","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θεοπροπίης","lemma":"θεοπροπία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐμπάζομαι","gloss":"prophecy"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζομαι","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I heed"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξερέηται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥν","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξερέηται","gloss":"my mother"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b1-l416","source":"ἐς μέγαρον καλέσασα θεοπρόπον ἐξερέηται.","translation":"summons a seer into the hall to inquire of.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l416.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοπρόπος","title":"theopropos: prophet, seer","body":"A θεοπρόπος is one who declares the will of the gods, a diviner consulted for guidance. Telemachus dismisses such consultations as useless to him now."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"καλέσασα","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέηται","gloss":"having summoned"},{"surface":"θεοπρόπον","lemma":"θεοπρόπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξερέηται","gloss":"a seer"},{"surface":"ἐξερέηται","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"present subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοπροπίης","gloss":"inquires of","note":"ἐξερέηται, subjunctive with expressed alternative senses ('might inquire'), used generically in a habitual/recurring scene of consulting a seer."}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b1-l417","source":"ξεῖνος δʼ οὗτος ἐμὸς πατρώιος ἐκ Τάφου ἐστίν,","translation":"This stranger is a guest-friend of my father's, from Taphos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-friend","note":"ξεῖνος names a bond of ritualized hospitality (xenia) — the stranger is tied to the household by inherited obligation, not mere acquaintance."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πατρώιος","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"of my father","note":"πατρώιος 'ancestral, inherited from the father' marks the guest-bond as passed down, not newly made."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τάφου","lemma":"Τάφος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Taphos"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b1-l418","source":"Μέντης δʼ Ἀγχιάλοιο δαΐφρονος εὔχεται εἶναι","translation":"and he claims to be Mentes, son of wise Anchialus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντης","lemma":"Μέντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Mentes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγχιάλοιο","lemma":"Ἀγχίαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Anchialus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγχιάλοιο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he claims","note":"εὔχομαι 'to boast/claim/pray' frames the stranger's stated identity as his own assertion, not confirmed fact — a note of dramatic irony given it is really Athena."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b1-l419","source":"υἱός, ἀτὰρ Ταφίοισι φιληρέτμοισιν ἀνάσσει.","translation":"and he rules over the oar-loving Taphians.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l419.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φιληρέτμοισιν","title":"\"oar-loving\"","body":"φιλήρετμος, \"loving the oar,\" is a fitting epithet for the seafaring Taphians, marking them as a people of sailors and rowers."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ταφίοισι","lemma":"Τάφιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"the Taphians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισιν","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ταφίοισι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"φιλήρετμος 'oar-loving' is a stock epic epithet for seafaring peoples like the Taphians."},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rules over"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b1-l420","source":"ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος, φρεσὶ δʼ ἀθανάτην θεὸν ἔγνω.","translation":"So Telemachus spoke, but in his heart he knew the immortal goddess.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φάτο, an athematic middle aorist of φημί, is Homer's standard verb for introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτην","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔγνω","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized","note":"ἔγνω 'he knew/recognized' marks the moment Telemachus realizes his guest was Athena in disguise."}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b1-l421","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς ὀρχηστύν τε καὶ ἱμερόεσσαν ἀοιδὴν","translation":"Then they turned to dancing and to lovely song,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of τέρποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, toward"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστύν","lemma":"ὀρχηστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"dancing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεσσαν","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"lovely","note":"ἱμερόεις 'lovely, desirable' is a formulaic epithet regularly paired with ἀοιδή, 'song', in epic diction."},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b1-l422","source":"τρεψάμενοι τέρποντο, μένον δʼ ἐπὶ ἕσπερον ἐλθεῖν.","translation":"and took their pleasure, and waited for evening to come.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεψάμενοι","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντο","gloss":"turning themselves"},{"surface":"τέρποντο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took their pleasure","note":"τέρποντο is imperfect middle, showing the ongoing, self-directed enjoyment of the feasters."},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they waited"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until, for"},{"surface":"ἕσπερον","lemma":"ἕσπερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μένον","gloss":"to come","note":"ἐλθεῖν, an aorist infinitive, gives the goal of μένον: 'waited for evening to arrive.'"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b1-l423","source":"τοῖσι δὲ τερπομένοισι μέλας ἐπὶ ἕσπερος ἦλθε·","translation":"And as they took their pleasure, dark evening came upon them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"τερπομένοισι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies τοῖσι","gloss":"as they took pleasure"},{"surface":"μέλας","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕσπερος","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon, over","note":"ἐπὶ here is used adverbially/emphatically with ἦλθε rather than governing a case, a common Homeric tmesis-like usage."},{"surface":"ἕσπερος","lemma":"ἕσπερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b1-l424","source":"δὴ τότε κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος.","translation":"and then, longing for their beds, each went off to his own house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κακκείοντες","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"intending to lie down","note":"κακκείοντες is a rare future participle expressing purpose/desire ('longing to go to bed'), a distinctly Homeric formation."},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"homeward","note":"οἶκόνδε 'to home' shows the directional -δε suffix Homer uses instead of a preposition."},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b1-l425","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ, ὅθι οἱ θάλαμος περικαλλέος αὐλῆς","translation":"But Telemachus, where his chamber within the beautiful court","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θάλαμος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θάλαμος","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέδμητο","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"περικαλλέος","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλῆς","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θάλαμος","gloss":"of the courtyard"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b1-l426","source":"ὑψηλὸς δέδμητο περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ,","translation":"had been built high, in a place with a view all around,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλὸς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάλαμος","gloss":"high, lofty"},{"surface":"δέδμητο","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔνθ᾽","gloss":"had been built","note":"δέδμητο is pluperfect passive, describing a state resulting from an earlier action: 'had (already) been built high.'"},{"surface":"περισκέπτῳ","lemma":"περίσκεπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῳ","gloss":"with a view all around"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χώρῳ","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b1-l427","source":"ἔνθʼ ἔβη εἰς εὐνὴν πολλὰ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζων.","translation":"went there to his bed, turning many thoughts over in his mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l427.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μερμηρίζων","title":"\"pondering anxiously\"","body":"μερμηρίζω means to ponder or be torn between thoughts, often with worry. Telemachus lies awake weighing the day's events and Athena's counsel."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὐνὴν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μερμηρίζων","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of μερμηρίζων","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"μερμηρίζων","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"pondering","note":"μερμηρίζων, a present participle, frames Telemachus's inner deliberation as ongoing while he walks to bed."}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b1-l428","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα","translation":"And alongside him faithful, knowing Eurycleia carried blazing torches,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρε","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"αἰθομένας","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies δαΐδας","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"δαΐδας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"κεδνὰ","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύκλει᾽","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ἰδυῖα","lemma":"ἰδυῖα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies Εὐρύκλει᾽","gloss":"skilled, knowing","note":"ἰδυῖα (perf. participle of οἶδα) means 'knowing' in the sense of practiced skill — Eurycleia's expertise, not mere knowledge."}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b1-l429","source":"Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο,","translation":"Eurycleia, daughter of Ops, son of Pisenor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύκλει","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurycleia","note":"Eurycleia's introduction with a full patronymic genealogy (daughter of Ops, son of Pisenor) is typical epic honor for a named minor character."},{"surface":"Ὦπος","lemma":"Ὤπς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Ops"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Πεισηνορίδαο","lemma":"Πεισηνορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Pisenor's line"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b1-l430","source":"τήν ποτε Λαέρτης πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν","translation":"whom Laertes once bought with his own wealth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of πρίατο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πρίατο","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"πρίατο","lemma":"πρίαμαι","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσιν","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρίατο","gloss":"with possessions"},{"surface":"ἑοῖσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσιν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b1-l431","source":"πρωθήβην ἔτʼ ἐοῦσαν, ἐεικοσάβοια δʼ ἔδωκεν,","translation":"when she was still in her early youth, and gave the worth of twenty oxen for her,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρωθήβην","lemma":"πρωθήβης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in first youth"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοῦσαν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies τήν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐεικοσάβοια","lemma":"εἰκοσάβοιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"worth twenty oxen","note":"ἐεικοσάβοιος, 'worth twenty oxen,' is a compound numeral-adjective reflecting the Homeric practice of pricing goods in cattle."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b1-l432","source":"ἶσα δέ μιν κεδνῇ ἀλόχῳ τίεν ἐν μεγάροισιν,","translation":"and he honored her equally with his faithful wife in the halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μιν","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τίεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κεδνῇ","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχῳ","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἶσα","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τίεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b1-l433","source":"εὐνῇ δʼ οὔ ποτʼ ἔμικτο, χόλον δʼ ἀλέεινε γυναικός·","translation":"but never lay with her in bed, and avoided his wife's anger.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῇ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμικτο","gloss":"in bed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔμικτο","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"lay with her","note":"ἔμικτο, passive aorist of μίγνυμι, is Homer's discreet idiom for sexual union, negated here to stress Laertes's restraint."},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλέεινε","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλέεινε","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"γυναικός","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"of his wife"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b1-l434","source":"ἥ οἱ ἅμʼ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε, καί ἑ μάλιστα","translation":"She it was who carried the blazing torches beside him, and of all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of φέρε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"αἰθομένας","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies δαΐδας","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"δαΐδας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried","note":"This line repeats l428 almost verbatim (ἅμ᾽ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε), a hallmark of oral-formulaic Homeric composition."},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φιλέεσκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δμῳάων","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b1-l435","source":"δμῳάων φιλέεσκε, καὶ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα.","translation":"the serving women she loved him most, and had nursed him when he was little.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l435.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φιλέεσκε","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"φιλέεσκε has the -σκ- suffix marking repeated or habitual past action: \"she used to love, kept loving.\" The imperfect underscores her enduring devotion."}],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳάων","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the serving women"},{"surface":"φιλέεσκε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to love","note":"φιλέεσκε has the iterative -εσκε suffix, marking repeated/habitual past action: 'she loved him, again and again, over time.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had nursed"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"small, little"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of ἔτρεφε","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b1-l436","source":"ὤιξεν δὲ θύρας θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο,","translation":"He opened the doors of the strongly built chamber,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤιξεν","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὤιξεν","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"θαλάμου","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the chamber"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητοῖο","gloss":"closely, tightly"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάμου","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b1-l437","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ἐν λέκτρῳ, μαλακὸν δʼ ἔκδυνε χιτῶνα·","translation":"sat down on the bed, and took off his soft tunic,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"λέκτρῳ","lemma":"λέκτρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the bed"},{"surface":"μαλακὸν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκδυνε","lemma":"ἐκδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκδυνε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b1-l438","source":"καὶ τὸν μὲν γραίης πυκιμηδέος ἔμβαλε χερσίν.","translation":"and put it into the hands of the wise old woman.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γραίης","lemma":"γραῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χερσίν","gloss":"of the old woman"},{"surface":"πυκιμηδέος","lemma":"πυκιμηδής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γραίης","gloss":"wise, shrewd","note":"πυκιμηδής 'shrewd-minded' echoes the same πυκ- root as πύκα in l436, both praising careful, competent craftsmanship/thought."},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"into her hands"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b1-l439","source":"ἡ μὲν τὸν πτύξασα καὶ ἀσκήσασα χιτῶνα,","translation":"She folded and smoothed the tunic,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πτύξασα","lemma":"πτύσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having folded"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσκήσασα","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having smoothed"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the tunic"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b1-l440","source":"πασσάλῳ ἀγκρεμάσασα παρὰ τρητοῖσι λέχεσσι","translation":"hung it on a peg beside the corded bedstead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πασσάλῳ","lemma":"πάσσαλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγκρεμάσασα","gloss":"on a peg"},{"surface":"ἀγκρεμάσασα","lemma":"ἀνακρεμάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having hung up","note":"ἀγκρεμάσασα (from ἀνακρεμάννυμι) shows the everyday domestic vocabulary Homer weaves into even a hero's chamber."},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τρητοῖσι","lemma":"τρητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχεσσι","gloss":"corded"},{"surface":"λέχεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"the bedstead"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b1-l441","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο, θύρην δʼ ἐπέρυσσε κορώνῃ","translation":"She went out from the chamber, and pulled the door shut by the handle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l441.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βῆ","title":"Aorist of motion","body":"βῆ is a short (root) aorist of βαίνω, \"she went/stepped.\" Homer often pairs it with the infinitive ἴμεν (\"to go\") to mark the start of a journey."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the chamber"},{"surface":"θύρην","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρυσσε","gloss":"the door"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέρυσσε","lemma":"ἐπερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew shut"},{"surface":"κορώνῃ","lemma":"κορώνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρυσσε","gloss":"by the handle","note":"κορώνη literally 'curved thing' names the door-ring/handle, a vivid concrete detail typical of Homeric household description."}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b1-l442","source":"ἀργυρέῃ, ἐπὶ δὲ κληῖδʼ ἐτάνυσσεν ἱμάντι.","translation":"the silver one, and drew the bolt home by its strap.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργυρέῃ","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορώνῃ","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over, across"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κληῖδ","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσεν","gloss":"the bolt"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσεν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew tight"},{"surface":"ἱμάντι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσεν","gloss":"with a strap","note":"Homeric doors are secured not with a metal lock but a leather strap pulling a bolt — a glimpse of Bronze Age household technology."}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b1-l443","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε παννύχιος, κεκαλυμμένος οἰὸς ἀώτῳ,","translation":"There, all night long, wrapped in a fleece of sheep's wool,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l443.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παννύχιος","title":"\"all night long\"","body":"An adjective used adverbially: literally \"of the whole night,\" describing how Telemachus lay awake until dawn."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βούλευε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of βούλευε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παννύχιος","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to βούλευε","gloss":"all night long"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμένος","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies βούλευε","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"οἰὸς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀώτῳ","gloss":"of sheep's"},{"surface":"ἀώτῳ","lemma":"ἄωτον","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαλυμμένος","gloss":"wool","note":"ἄωτον 'finest wool/fleece' pictures Telemachus bedding down under a soft sheepskin, a domestic detail before Book 2's public assembly."}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b1-l444","source":"βούλευε φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ὁδὸν τὴν πέφραδʼ Ἀθήνη.","translation":"he pondered in his heart the journey Athena had shown him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b1-l444.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πέφραδʼ","title":"Reduplicated aorist","body":"πέφραδε is an aorist of φράζω formed with reduplication (πε-), \"she pointed out, made clear.\" Despite having reduplication (πε-) that normally signals the perfect, this is an archaic Homeric reduplicated aorist: the form uses perfect-type morphology but is aorist in function and meaning. It looks like a perfect but behaves as a narrative past."}],"words":[{"surface":"βούλευε","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of βούλευε","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλευε","gloss":"the journey"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πέφραδ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πέφραδ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὁδὸν","gloss":"had shown"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέφραδ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]}]}