{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":13,"id":"book-13","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ν","translated":"Book 13 — Odysseus Leaves Phaeacia; The Return to Ithaca"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"The Phaeacians set Odysseus down asleep on Ithaca. Athena meets him, plans the suitors' deaths with him, and turns him into an old beggar.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13","lines":440},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b13-l1","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ,","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell silent and still,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐγένοντο","title":"Aorist middle","body":"ἐγένοντο is the aorist of γίγνομαι, 'they became/fell into.' The line means the audience became hushed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φημί ἔφατο-type imperfect mid.; formulaic line-opener ὣς ἔφατ(ο) introduces a speaker's reply."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκήν is a frozen accusative adverb 'in silence', paired redundantly with dative σιωπῇ for emphasis."},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became, fell"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b13-l2","source":"κηληθμῷ δʼ ἔσχοντο κατὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα.","translation":"held fast by the spell of his tale throughout the shadowy halls.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηληθμῷ","lemma":"κηληθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσχοντο","gloss":"by the spell","note":"κηληθμός 'enchantment' - instrumental dative describing the Phaeacians' trance, held spellbound by the tale Odysseus himself has just finished telling (Books 9-12), not the bard's."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχοντο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were held"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"μέγαρα","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέγαρα","gloss":"shadowy","note":"σκιόεις 'shadowy/dusky' - stock Homeric epithet for great halls, evoking firelit dimness."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b13-l3","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀλκίνοος ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Then Alcinous answered him and spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπαμείβετο","title":"Formula of reply","body":"ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε ('answered and spoke') is a recurring Homeric speech-introduction formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαμείβετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"ἀπαμείβετο","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"and spoke","note":"ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε - the standard Homeric 'answered and addressed' speech-formula pairing imperfect + aorist."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b13-l4","source":"ὦ Ὀδυσεῦ, ἐπεὶ ἵκευ ἐμὸν ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,","translation":"\"Odysseus, now that you have come to my bronze-floored house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χαλκοβατὲς δῶ","title":"Bronze-floored house","body":"χαλκοβατές means 'set on a base of bronze,' a mark of the Phaeacians' fabulous wealth."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"vocative direct address opening Alcinous's speech."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since, when"},{"surface":"ἵκευ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ποτί is the Aeolic/epic by-form of πρός used metrically in place of the Attic preposition."},{"surface":"χαλκοβατὲς","lemma":"χαλκοβατής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"bronze-floored"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b13-l5","source":"ὑψερεφές, τῷ σʼ οὔ τι παλιμπλαγχθέντα γʼ ὀΐω","translation":"high-roofed, I think you will not be driven off course again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψερεφές","lemma":"ὑψερεφής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"high-roofed","note":"ὑψερεφές continues the string of epithets modifying δῶ across the line-break, a common Homeric enjambment technique."},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"παλιμπλαγχθέντα","lemma":"παλιμπλάζομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"driven astray","note":"aorist passive participle of παλιμπλάζομαι, 'made to wander back off course' - echoes Odysseus's whole journey."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b13-l6","source":"ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, εἰ καὶ μάλα πολλὰ πέπονθας.","translation":"and made to wander home, however much you have suffered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἀπονοστήσειν","lemma":"ἀπονοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to return home","note":"future infinitive object of ὀΐω 'I think' - future infinitive expresses expected result, common after verbs of thinking/hoping."},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πέπονθας","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"πέπονθας","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you have suffered","note":"perfect πέπονθας stresses lasting effect of past suffering, not just a completed event."}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b13-l7","source":"ὑμέων δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἐφιέμενος τάδε εἴρω,","translation":"And to each of you men I give this charge and say it plainly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμέων","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive plural pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"of you (pl.)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφιέμενος","gloss":"to a man"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐφιέμενος","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴρω","gloss":"charging","note":"ἐφιέμενος 'enjoining, laying a charge upon' - middle participle describing Alcinous's manner of speaking."},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴρω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἴρω","lemma":"εἴρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b13-l8","source":"ὅσσοι ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γερούσιον αἴθοπα οἶνον","translation":"all of you who in my halls drink the sparkling wine of elders","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γερούσιον","title":"Wine of the elders","body":"γερούσιος oἶνος is the choice wine reserved for the council of elders (γέροντες), a sign of honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"as many as, all who","note":"ὅσσοι - epic doubled-sigma spelling of ὅσοι, filling the meter."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"γερούσιον","lemma":"γερούσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"elders'"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"sparkling","note":"αἴθοψ 'fire-bright' describing wine - a stock Homeric color-epithet for wine's gleam."},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίνετ᾽","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b13-l9","source":"αἰεὶ πίνετʼ ἐμοῖσιν, ἀκουάζεσθε δʼ ἀοιδοῦ.","translation":"always at my expense, and listen to the bard:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίνετ᾽","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"πίνετ","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"at my expense","note":"ἐμοῖσιν, dative plural of possession, 'at my (house's, i.e. halls') expense' - modifies μεγάροισι."},{"surface":"ἀκουάζεσθε","lemma":"ἀκουάζομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"listen to"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδοῦ","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκουάζεσθε","gloss":"the bard"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b13-l10","source":"εἵματα μὲν δὴ ξείνῳ ἐϋξέστῃ ἐνὶ χηλῷ","translation":"the clothing for our guest lies already in the polished chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"for our guest"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῃ","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χηλῷ","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χηλῷ","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"chest","note":"χηλός, a storage chest for valuables - concrete domestic detail grounding the gift-giving scene."}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b13-l11","source":"κεῖται καὶ χρυσὸς πολυδαίδαλος ἄλλα τε πάντα","translation":"and the intricately wrought gold, and all the other","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσὸς","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"πολυδαίδαλος","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσὸς","gloss":"richly wrought","note":"πολυδαίδαλος 'of much skilled craft', from δαίδαλα - the same root behind Daedalus, praising intricate workmanship."},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρ᾽","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρ᾽","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b13-l12","source":"δῶρʼ, ὅσα Φαιήκων βουληφόροι ἐνθάδʼ ἔνεικαν·","translation":"gifts that the counselors of the Phaeacians have brought here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόροι","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"βουληφόροι","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"counselors","note":"βουληφόρος 'council-bearing', epic compound for the noble advisers who bring gifts."},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἔνεικαν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρ᾽","gloss":"brought","note":"ἔνεικαν, epic aorist of φέρω (root ἐνεικ-), used instead of the Attic ἤνεγκαν."}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b13-l13","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε οἱ δῶμεν τρίποδα μέγαν ἠδὲ λέβητα","translation":"But come, let us give him a great tripod and a cauldron","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δῶμεν","title":"Hortatory subjunctive","body":"δῶμεν ('let us give') is an aorist subjunctive used to urge a course of action upon the group."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶμεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δῶμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us give","note":"aorist subjunctive δῶμεν, a hortatory subjunctive: 'let us give' - first-person plural exhortation."},{"surface":"τρίποδα","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέβητα","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cauldron"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b13-l14","source":"ἀνδρακάς· ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖτε ἀγειρόμενοι κατὰ δῆμον","translation":"man by man; and we ourselves, gathering it back among the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρακάς","lemma":"ἀνδρακάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶμεν","gloss":"man by man","note":"ἀνδρακάς, a rare distributive adverb 'individually, per man' - stresses each noble contributing his own gift."},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τισόμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀγειρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τισόμεθ᾽","gloss":"collecting","note":"ἀγειρόμενοι middle participle, 'gathering (contributions) among ourselves', i.e. taking up a public collection."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b13-l15","source":"τισόμεθʼ· ἀργαλέον γὰρ ἕνα προικὸς χαρίσασθαι.","translation":"will recover the cost; for it is hard for one man to give freely without return.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τισόμεθ","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will repay","note":"future middle τισόμεθα, 'we will recompense ourselves' - the community will later reimburse itself via public levy."},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard, painful"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαρίσασθαι","gloss":"one man"},{"surface":"προικὸς","lemma":"προίξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of χαρίσασθαι","gloss":"without return"},{"surface":"χαρίσασθαι","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to give freely"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b13-l16","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀλκίνοος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιὴνδανε μῦθος.","translation":"So spoke Alcinous, and his words pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῦθος","title":"Mythos as speech","body":"Here μῦθος means simply 'word, speech, proposal,' not 'myth' in the later sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιὴνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιὴνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἐφανδάνω 'be pleasing to', governs dative τοῖσιν - impersonal-feeling verb of emotional reaction."},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιὴνδανε","gloss":"speech, word"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b13-l17","source":"οἱ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος,","translation":"Then they went off to lie down, each to his own house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"κακκείοντες","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"going to bed","note":"κακκείοντες, future participle of κατακείω 'about to lie down' - future participle of purpose, 'in order to sleep'."},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"homeward","note":"οἶκόνδε, directional -δε suffix 'to (one's) house', a common Homeric motion-adverb formed from a noun."},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b13-l18","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"but when early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"Rosy-fingered Dawn","body":"A fixed epithet-noun formula filling the line's end. Such ready-made phrases are a hallmark of oral hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγένεια 'early-born', part of the fixed epic formula for Dawn repeated across the poem."},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος, one of Homer's most famous stock epithets, always paired with Dawn (Ἠώς)."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b13-l19","source":"νῆάδʼ ἐπεσσεύοντο, φέρον δʼ εὐήνορα χαλκόν.","translation":"they hurried to the ship and carried down the man-strengthening bronze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆάδ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"to the ship"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσεύοντο","lemma":"πεσσεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they hurried"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐήνορα","lemma":"εὐήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκόν","gloss":"man-strengthening","note":"εὐήνωρ 'making men brave/strong', epithet for bronze, alluding to weapons/gear that empower warriors."},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b13-l20","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ κατέθηχʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"And the sacred might of Alcinous stowed it all away well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατέθηχ᾽","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέθηχ᾽","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατέθηχ","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stowed away"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατέθηχ᾽","gloss":"might of","note":"ἱερὸν μένος + genitive name is a Homeric periphrasis meaning simply 'the mighty/sacred [person]', here Alcinous himself."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Alcinous"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b13-l21","source":"αὐτὸς ἰὼν διὰ νηὸς ὑπὸ ζυγά, μή τινʼ ἑταίρων","translation":"going himself through the ship beneath the benches, so that none of the crew","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηχ᾽","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ζυγά","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"the benches","note":"ζυγά, the rowers' cross-benches - Alcinous personally stows the gifts beneath them so oars stay clear."},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βλάπτοι","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of the crew"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b13-l22","source":"βλάπτοι ἐλαυνόντων, ὁπότε σπερχοίατʼ ἐρετμοῖς.","translation":"might be hindered as they rowed, when they pulled hard at the oars.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βλάπτοι ... σπερχοίατʼ","title":"Optatives of purpose","body":"βλάπτοι and σπερχοίατο are optatives in a purpose/temporal clause after the past main verb; σπερχοίατο is a Homeric 3rd plural form."}],"words":[{"surface":"βλάπτοι","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might hinder","note":"optative βλάπτοι after μή expresses a negative purpose clause, 'so that no one would be hindered'."},{"surface":"ἐλαυνόντων","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they rowed"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σπερχοίατ","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁπότε","gloss":"strained hard","note":"σπερχοίατο, optative with alternate -ατο ending (epic 3rd pl. middle) instead of -οντο."},{"surface":"ἐρετμοῖς","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σπερχοίατ᾽","gloss":"with oars"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b13-l23","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς Ἀλκινόοιο κίον καὶ δαῖτʼ ἀλέγυνον.","translation":"Then they went to the house of Alcinous and made ready the feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Alcinous's house","note":"εἰς Ἀλκινόοιο, genitive of a person's name after εἰς implying 'house/hall', a common Homeric ellipsis."},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτ","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλέγυνον","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἀλέγυνον","lemma":"ἀλεγύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b13-l24","source":"τοῖσι δὲ βοῦν ἱέρευσʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο","translation":"And for them the sacred might of Alcinous sacrificed an ox","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱέρευσ᾽","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέρευσ᾽","gloss":"an ox"},{"surface":"ἱέρευσ","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱέρευσ᾽","gloss":"might of","note":"repeats the ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο formula from l20, typical Homeric formulaic repetition across nearby lines."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Alcinous"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b13-l25","source":"Ζηνὶ κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίδῃ, ὃς πᾶσιν ἀνάσσει.","translation":"to Zeus of the dark clouds, son of Cronus, who rules over all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινεφέϊ","title":"Of the dark clouds","body":"κελαινεφής, 'cloaked in black cloud,' is a standing epithet of Zeus the storm-god."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέρευσ᾽","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"κελαινεφέϊ","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὶ","gloss":"dark-clouded","note":"κελαινεφής, epithet 'wrapped in black clouds', regularly attached to Zeus as storm-god."},{"surface":"Κρονίδῃ","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζηνὶ","gloss":"son of Cronus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"over all"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζηνὶ","gloss":"rules"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b13-l26","source":"μῆρα δὲ κήαντες δαίνυντʼ ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα","translation":"They burned the thigh-pieces and dined on the glorious feast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆρα","lemma":"μῆρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κήαντες","gloss":"thigh-pieces","note":"μῆρα, the sacrificial thigh-bones burned for the gods before the rest of the meat is eaten by men."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήαντες","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"having burned"},{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feasted on"},{"surface":"ἐρικυδέα","lemma":"ἐρικυδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b13-l27","source":"τερπόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφιν ἐμέλπετο θεῖος ἀοιδός,","translation":"taking their delight; and among them sang the divine bard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τερπόμενοι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"delighting"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐμέλπετο","lemma":"μέλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδός","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδός","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"bard","note":"θεῖος ἀοιδός 'divine singer' - epic title honoring poets as inspired by the Muse, here naming Demodocus in the next line."}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b13-l28","source":"Δημόδοκος, λαοῖσι τετιμένος. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"Demodocus, honored by the people. But Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημόδοκος","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Demodocus","note":"the Phaeacian court bard, blind singer who earlier performed the tale of the wooden horse in Book 8, before Odysseus told his own story."},{"surface":"λαοῖσι","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τετιμένος","gloss":"by the people"},{"surface":"τετιμένος","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b13-l29","source":"πολλὰ πρὸς ἠέλιον κεφαλὴν τρέπε παμφανόωντα,","translation":"kept turning his head toward the blazing sun,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τρέπε","gloss":"many times, repeatedly"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τρέπε","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"τρέπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept turning","note":"imperfect stresses repeated, ongoing action: he kept turning his head, not a single glance."},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠέλιον","gloss":"all-blazing","note":"epic compound epithet (πᾶν + φαίνω) with metrically lengthened -όωντα, formulaic of the sun."}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b13-l30","source":"δῦναι ἐπειγόμενος· δὴ γὰρ μενέαινε νέεσθαι.","translation":"eager for it to set; for indeed he longed to be going home.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l30.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νέεσθαι","title":"Infinitive of longing","body":"νέεσθαι ('to return home') is a present infinitive completing μενέαινε, 'he was eager [to return].'"}],"words":[{"surface":"δῦναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενος","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενος","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρέπε","gloss":"eager, urging on"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μενέαινε","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed","note":"μενεαίνω + infinitive = strong yearning 'to' do something, here to go home."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μενέαινε","gloss":"to go home"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b13-l31","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ δόρποιο λιλαίεται, ᾧ τε πανῆμαρ","translation":"As when a man longs for his supper, for whom all day long","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as, just as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λιλαίεται","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"δόρποιο","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λιλαίεται","gloss":"for supper"},{"surface":"λιλαίεται","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"longs","note":"ὡς...λιλαίεται opens an epic simile, a whole-day farmer's longing compared to Odysseus's."},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βόε","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"πανῆμαρ","lemma":"πανῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκητον","gloss":"all day long"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b13-l32","source":"νειὸν ἀνʼ ἕλκητον βόε οἴνοπε πηκτὸν ἄροτρον·","translation":"two wine-dark oxen have dragged the jointed plow through fallow land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βόε","title":"Dual of the oxen","body":"βόε is a dual ('the pair of oxen'), with the dual verb ἕλκητον; the dual is alive in Homer for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"νειὸν","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀν᾽","gloss":"fallow field"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through, over"},{"surface":"ἕλκητον","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"drag, pull","note":"3rd dual verb form ἕλκητον agrees with the pair of oxen (βόε), a dual number distinct from plural."},{"surface":"βόε","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative dual noun","role":"subject of ἕλκητον","gloss":"a pair of oxen"},{"surface":"οἴνοπε","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies βόε","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"epithet οἶνοψ ('wine-eyed') applied to oxen, a stock Homeric color term reused across contexts."},{"surface":"πηκτὸν","lemma":"πηκτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄροτρον","gloss":"jointed, fitted"},{"surface":"ἄροτρον","lemma":"ἄροτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκητον","gloss":"the plow"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b13-l33","source":"ἀσπασίως δʼ ἄρα τῷ κατέδυ φάος ἠελίοιο","translation":"gladly for that man the light of the sun goes down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδυ","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀσπασίως","gloss":"to that man"},{"surface":"κατέδυ","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"went down, set"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατέδυ","gloss":"the light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun","note":"φάος ἠελίοιο, a recurring epic phrase for daylight/sunlight as a personified force."}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b13-l34","source":"δόρπον ἐποίχεσθαι, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατʼ ἰόντι·","translation":"calling him to his supper, and his knees fail him as he walks:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποίχεσθαι","gloss":"to supper"},{"surface":"ἐποίχεσθαι","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to κατέδυ","gloss":"go to, approach"},{"surface":"βλάβεται","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grow weak, fail","note":"middle voice βλάβεται pictures the knees themselves giving way, not an external agent harming them."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of βλάβεται","gloss":"his knees"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he goes"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b13-l35","source":"ὣς Ὀδυσῆʼ ἀσπαστὸν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο.","translation":"so welcome to Odysseus was the setting of the sun's light.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυ","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀσπαστὸν","lemma":"ἀσπαστός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set, went down"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"the light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun","note":"repeats φάος ἠελίοιο from l33, closing the simile's frame with the same formula."}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b13-l36","source":"αἶψα δὲ Φαιήκεσσι φιληρέτμοισι μετηύδα,","translation":"At once he spoke among the oar-loving Phaeacians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l36.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φιληρέτμοισι","title":"Oar-loving","body":"φιλήρετμος, 'fond of the oar,' is a fitting epithet for the seafaring Phaeacians."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισι","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"φιλήρετμος, a fixed epithet for the seafaring Phaeacians throughout the Odyssey."},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b13-l37","source":"Ἀλκινόῳ δὲ μάλιστα πιφαυσκόμενος φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"and to Alcinous above all he made his speech plain, saying:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκινόῳ","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πιφαυσκόμενος","gloss":"to Alcinous"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"especially, above all"},{"surface":"πιφαυσκόμενος","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"making clear, addressing"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said, spoke"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"a speech","note":"φάτο μῦθον, formulaic verse-closing pair introducing direct speech."}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b13-l38","source":"Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν,","translation":"\"Lord Alcinous, most renowned of all the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοε","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Alcinous","note":"vocative address opening Odysseus's farewell speech."},{"surface":"κρεῖον","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lord, ruler"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀριδείκετε","lemma":"ἀριδείκετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"most renowned"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριδείκετε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b13-l39","source":"πέμπετέ με σπείσαντες ἀπήμονα, χαίρετε δʼ αὐτοί·","translation":"pour your libations and send me safely on my way, and farewell to you all;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπετέ","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπετέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σπείσαντες","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμπετέ","gloss":"pouring libations"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονα","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed, safely"},{"surface":"χαίρετε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell","note":"χαίρετε as a parting greeting, literally 'rejoice'—the standard Greek farewell."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourselves"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b13-l40","source":"ἤδη γὰρ τετέλεσται ἅ μοι φίλος ἤθελε θυμός,","translation":"for now all that my heart desired has been accomplished:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετέλεσται","title":"Perfect passive","body":"τετέλεσται is perfect passive of τελέω, 'has been brought to completion,' marking a finished state."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετέλεσται","gloss":"now, already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τετέλεσται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been accomplished","note":"perfect tense marks the desire as now fully, permanently fulfilled."},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"dear, own"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"wished, desired"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"my heart"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b13-l41","source":"πομπὴ καὶ φίλα δῶρα, τά μοι θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες","translation":"an escort home, and welcome gifts, which may the heavenly gods","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πομπὴ","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"safe conduct, escort"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"welcome, dear"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ποιήσειαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ποιήσειαν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ποιήσειαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"Οὐρανίωνες","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"heavenly ones","note":"Οὐρανίωνες, an epic epithet meaning 'sons of Uranus,' i.e. the sky-gods."}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b13-l42","source":"ὄλβια ποιήσειαν· ἀμύμονα δʼ οἴκοι ἄκοιτιν","translation":"make prosper for me. And may I find my blameless wife at home","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιήσειαν ... εὕροιμι","title":"Optatives of wish","body":"ποιήσειαν ('may they make') and εὕροιμι ('may I find') are optatives expressing a prayer or wish."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβια","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of ποιήσειαν","gloss":"prosperous, blessed"},{"surface":"ποιήσειαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"may make","note":"optative ποιήσειαν expresses a wish/prayer, not a statement of fact."},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴκοι","lemma":"οἴκοι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕροιμι","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὕροιμι","gloss":"my wife"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b13-l43","source":"νοστήσας εὕροιμι σὺν ἀρτεμέεσσι φίλοισιν.","translation":"on my return, safe and sound, with my loved ones unharmed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὕροιμι","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"εὕροιμι","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may I find","note":"optative εὕροιμι continues the wish begun in l42, standard for prayers in Homeric Greek."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀρτεμέεσσι","lemma":"ἀρτεμής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλοισιν","gloss":"safe and sound"},{"surface":"φίλοισιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σὺν","gloss":"my loved ones"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b13-l44","source":"ὑμεῖς δʼ αὖθι μένοντες ἐϋφραίνοιτε γυναῖκας","translation":"And may you, remaining here, gladden the hearts of your wedded","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἐϋφραίνοιτε","gloss":"you (all)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένοντες","gloss":"here, in this place"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐϋφραίνοιτε","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"ἐϋφραίνοιτε","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you gladden","note":"optative of wish, 2nd plural, continuing Odysseus's blessing on his Phaeacian hosts."},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"your wives"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b13-l45","source":"κουριδίας καὶ τέκνα· θεοὶ δʼ ἀρετὴν ὀπάσειαν","translation":"wives and your children; and may the gods grant you excellence","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρετὴν","title":"Aretê","body":"ἀρετή here means 'excellence, prosperity, every good thing,' a broad Homeric sense of flourishing."}],"words":[{"surface":"κουριδίας","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀπάσειαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀπάσειαν","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"ὀπάσειαν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may grant","note":"another optative of prayer/wish, ὀπάσειαν, part of the chain of blessings."}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b13-l46","source":"παντοίην, καὶ μή τι κακὸν μεταδήμιον εἴη.","translation":"of every kind, and may no evil come upon your people.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίην","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετὴν","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μεταδήμιον","lemma":"μεταδήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"among the people"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may there be","note":"μή + optative εἴη forms a negative wish, 'may there not be.'"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b13-l47","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνεον ἠδʼ ἐκέλευον","translation":"So he spoke, and they all approved and urged","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπῄνεον ... ἐκέλευον","title":"Imperfects of the crowd","body":"Both verbs are imperfect, picturing the ongoing chorus of approval and urging from the assembly."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνεον","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approved, praised"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευον","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b13-l48","source":"πεμπέμεναι τὸν ξεῖνον, ἐπεὶ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπεν.","translation":"that the stranger be sent on his way, since he had spoken fittingly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l48.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"Fittingly","body":"κατὰ μοῖραν, literally 'according to due measure,' means 'rightly, as is proper.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"πεμπέμεναι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευον","gloss":"to send on","note":"epic infinitive ending -έμεναι (vs. -ειν), a lengthened metrical variant common in Homer."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεμπέμεναι","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"what is fitting"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he had spoken"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b13-l49","source":"καὶ τότε κήρυκα προσέφη μένος Ἀλκινόοιο·","translation":"And then the might of Alcinous spoke to the herald:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"the might of","note":"μένος Ἀλκινόοιο, a periphrasis ('the might/strength of Alcinous') standing in for the man himself."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b13-l50","source":"Ποντόνοε, κρητῆρα κερασσάμενος μέθυ νεῖμον","translation":"\"Pontonous, mix the bowl and pass the wine round","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ποντόνοε","lemma":"Ποντόνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Pontonous","note":"vocative address to the herald, naming him for the first time in this scene."},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κερασσάμενος","gloss":"the mixing bowl"},{"surface":"κερασσάμενος","lemma":"κεράννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεῖμον","gloss":"having mixed"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νεῖμον","gloss":"the wine"},{"surface":"νεῖμον","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"distribute, pour"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b13-l51","source":"πᾶσιν ἀνὰ μέγαρον, ὄφρʼ εὐξάμενοι Διὶ πατρὶ","translation":"to all through the hall, so that, praying to Zeus the father,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νεῖμον","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀνὰ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εὐξάμενοι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμπωμεν","gloss":"having prayed"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὐξάμενοι","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"the father","note":"Ζεύς πατήρ, a standing epithet reflecting Zeus's role as father of gods and men."}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b13-l52","source":"τὸν ξεῖνον πέμπωμεν ἑὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"we may send the stranger to his own native land.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l52.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πέμπωμεν","title":"Subjunctive of purpose","body":"πέμπωμεν is present subjunctive in a purpose clause introduced by ὄφρα, 'so that we may send.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπωμεν","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"πέμπωμεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"may we send","note":"subjunctive πέμπωμεν after ὄφρα expresses purpose: 'so that we may send.'"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b13-l53","source":"ὣς φάτο, Ποντόνοος δὲ μελίφρονα οἶνον ἐκίρνα,","translation":"So he spoke, and Pontonous mixed the honey-hearted wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l53.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μελίφρονα","title":"Honey-hearted wine","body":"μελίφρων, 'honey-minded, sweet to the heart,' is a stock epithet for wine and sleep."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ποντόνοος","lemma":"Ποντόνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκίρνα","gloss":"Pontonous"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελίφρονα","lemma":"μελίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-hearted","note":"μελίφρων, a poetic compound ('honey-minded') describing wine as sweet and mind-warming."},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκίρνα","gloss":"the wine"},{"surface":"ἐκίρνα","lemma":"κιρνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b13-l54","source":"νώμησεν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπισταδόν· οἱ δὲ θεοῖσιν","translation":"and served it out to all, going from man to man; and they to the gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώμησεν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"served, distributed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νώμησεν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἐπισταδόν","lemma":"ἐπισταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νώμησεν","gloss":"going round to each","note":"ἐπισταδόν, a rare adverb meaning 'standing by each in turn'—vivid picture of the herald serving one by one."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσπεισαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσπεισαν","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b13-l55","source":"ἔσπεισαν μακάρεσσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν,","translation":"poured libations, to the blessed ones who hold the broad heaven,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσπεισαν","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured libations"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"to the blessed ones"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"the sky, heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad, wide"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοῖσιν","gloss":"hold, possess"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b13-l56","source":"αὐτόθεν ἐξ ἑδρέων. ἀνὰ δʼ ἵστατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"there from their seats. Then noble Odysseus stood up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόθεν","lemma":"αὐτόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσπεισαν","gloss":"right there, from that spot"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἑδρέων","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"their seats"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up","note":"ἀνὰ...ἵστατο shows tmesis, the preverb ἀνά separated from its verb, typical of Homeric syntax."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b13-l57","source":"Ἀρήτῃ δʼ ἐν χειρὶ τίθει δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον,","translation":"and placed in Arete's hand the two-handled cup,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφικύπελλον","title":"Two-handled cup","body":"δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον is a cup with a bowl at each end, or with handles on both sides; a recurring Homeric object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρήτῃ","lemma":"Ἀρήτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"Arete","note":"Dative marks recipient of τίθει, 'in Arete's hand'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed","note":"Imperfect τίθει can render a single completed act in narrative, 'placed'."},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled","note":"ἀμφικύπελλον, 'double-cupped' — a stock Homeric epithet for fine drinking cups."}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b13-l58","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking he addressed her with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"'Winged words' is among the most famous Homeric formulas, the words flying from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words' — a famous Homeric formula for speech taking flight."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b13-l59","source":"χαῖρέ μοι, ὦ βασίλεια, διαμπερές, εἰς ὅ κε\n                     γῆρας","translation":"\"Farewell, my queen, throughout all your days, until old age","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρέ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell","note":"χαῖρε as a parting greeting, not simply 'rejoice'."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"βασίλεια","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"queen","note":"Vocative βασίλεια, direct address to Arete with no expressed verb of address."},{"surface":"διαμπερές","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαῖρέ","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b13-l60","source":"ἔλθῃ καὶ θάνατος, τά τʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται.","translation":"comes upon you, and death, which befall all mortals.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"comes","note":"Subjunctive with κε/ἄν in an indefinite temporal clause, 'until old age comes'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"befall","note":"Middle πέλονται, 'come to be' — gnomic present for a universal truth about mortal fate."}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b13-l61","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ νέομαι· σὺ δὲ τέρπεο τῷδʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"But I am going home; and may you take joy in this house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"νέομαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am going home"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of τέρπεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρπεο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take joy","note":"Middle imperative τέρπεο, 'delight yourself' — a wish for her continued happiness."},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b13-l62","source":"παισί τε καὶ λαοῖσι καὶ Ἀλκινόῳ βασιλῆϊ.","translation":"in your children and your people and in Alcinous the king.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παισί","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαοῖσι","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόῳ","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόῳ","gloss":"king","note":"βασιλῆϊ in apposition to Ἀλκινόῳ, dative case matching the man it names."}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b13-l63","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν ἐβήσετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So saying, noble Odysseus stepped over the threshold,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβήσετο","gloss":"having said","note":"Aorist participle εἰπὼν marking completed speech before the main action, 'so saying'."},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἐβήσετο","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος, formulaic epithet 'godlike/noble' regularly paired with Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐβήσετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b13-l64","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα κήρυκα προΐει μένος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"and with him the might of Alcinous sent a herald,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of προΐει","gloss":"might","note":"μένος Ἀλκινόοιο, 'the might of Alcinous' — periphrasis meaning simply 'mighty Alcinous'."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b13-l65","source":"ἡγεῖσθαι ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν καὶ θῖνα θαλάσσης·","translation":"to guide him to the swift ship and the shore of the sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεῖσθαι","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"to guide"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b13-l66","source":"Ἀρήτη δʼ ἄρα οἱ δμῳὰς ἅμʼ ἔπεμπε γυναῖκας,","translation":"And Arete sent serving-women with him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρήτη","lemma":"Ἀρήτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Arete"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δμῳὰς","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"serving-women","note":"δμῳάς modifies γυναῖκας (not a separate group) — it marks these as bound/captive household servants, i.e. 'slave-women'."},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἔπεμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπεμπε","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b13-l67","source":"τὴν μὲν φᾶρος ἔχουσαν ἐϋπλυνὲς ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,","translation":"one carrying a well-washed cloak and a tunic,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλυνὲς","lemma":"ἐυπλυνής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"well-washed"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b13-l68","source":"τὴν δʼ ἑτέρην χηλὸν πυκινὴν ἅμʼ ὄπασσε κομίζειν·","translation":"and another she sent to carry the sturdy chest along;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπασσε","gloss":"the other","note":"τὴν...ἑτέρην picks up the τὴν μέν of l67, 'one...the other' pattern."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρην","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τὴν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"χηλὸν","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κομίζειν","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"πυκινὴν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χηλὸν","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπασσε","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ὄπασσε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"κομίζειν","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὄπασσε","gloss":"to carry"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b13-l69","source":"ἡ δʼ ἄλλη σῖτόν τʼ ἔφερεν καὶ οἶνον ἐρυθρόν.","translation":"and yet another carried bread and red wine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφερεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλη","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡ","gloss":"another","note":"Third woman named after the μέν/δέ pair, closing the triad of servants."},{"surface":"σῖτόν","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφερεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρόν","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b13-l70","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπὶ νῆα κατήλυθον ἠδὲ θάλασσαν,","translation":"But when they had gone down to the ship and the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κατήλυθον","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"came down","note":"κατήλυθον, aorist of κατέρχομαι — completed descent to the shore before the next action."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσαν","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b13-l71","source":"αἶψα τά γʼ ἐν νηῒ γλαφυρῇ πομπῆες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"at once the noble escorts took these things into the hollow ship","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέθεντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"πομπῆες","lemma":"πομπεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέθεντο","gloss":"escorts","note":"πομπῆες, the crew appointed to convey Odysseus home, not ordinary sailors."},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομπῆες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b13-l72","source":"δεξάμενοι κατέθεντο, πόσιν καὶ βρῶσιν ἅπασαν·","translation":"and stowed them away, all the drink and the food;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξάμενοι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθεντο","gloss":"having taken"},{"surface":"κατέθεντο","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stowed away"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βρῶσιν","lemma":"βρῶσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἅπασαν","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βρῶσιν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b13-l73","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆϊ στόρεσαν ῥῆγός τε λίνον τε","translation":"and for Odysseus they spread out a rug and a linen sheet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κάδ = κατά apocopated before δ᾽, an epic prefix-separation ('tmesis') from στόρεσαν."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to στόρεσαν","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"στόρεσαν","lemma":"στόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"ῥῆγός","lemma":"ῥῆγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"rug"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίνον","lemma":"λίνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"linen sheet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b13-l74","source":"νηὸς ἐπʼ ἰκριόφιν γλαφυρῆς, ἵνα νήγρετον εὕδοι,","translation":"on the deck of the hollow ship, so that he might sleep unbroken,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l74.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήγρετον","title":"Unwakeable sleep","body":"νήγρετος means 'not to be awakened, deep,' foreshadowing the death-like sleep at line 80."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἰκριόφιν","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"deck"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νήγρετον","lemma":"νήγρετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὕδοι","gloss":"unbroken","note":"νήγρετον, 'not to be woken', anticipates the magical unbroken sleep Odysseus falls into."},{"surface":"εὕδοι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might sleep"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b13-l75","source":"πρυμνῆς· ἂν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐβήσετο καὶ κατέλεκτο","translation":"in the stern. And he himself climbed aboard and lay down","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρυμνῆς","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of the stern"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἀνά in tmesis with ἐβήσετο, 'stepped up (aboard)'."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐβήσετο","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbed aboard"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέλεκτο","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b13-l76","source":"σιγῇ· τοὶ δὲ καθῖζον ἐπὶ κληῗσιν ἕκαστοι","translation":"in silence; and they sat down each at his oarlock","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σιγῇ","lemma":"σιγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέλεκτο","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῗσιν","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"oarlocks","note":"κληῗσιν, thole-pins/rowlocks — concrete nautical detail of the Phaeacian crew."},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b13-l77","source":"κόσμῳ, πεῖσμα δʼ ἔλυσαν ἀπὸ τρητοῖο λίθοιο.","translation":"in order, and loosed the cable from the bored stone.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κόσμῳ","title":"In good order","body":"κόσμῳ, 'in order, in array,' describes the disciplined arrangement of the rowers; the same root gives 'cosmos.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"κόσμῳ","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"πεῖσμα","lemma":"πεῖσμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"cable"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τρητοῖο","lemma":"τρητός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθοις","gloss":"bored","note":"τρητοῖο λίθοιο, 'perforated stone' — a stone with a hole used as a mooring post."}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b13-l78","source":"εὖθʼ οἱ ἀνακλινθέντες ἀνερρίπτουν ἅλα πηδῷ,","translation":"Then, leaning back, they tossed up the brine with their blades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖθ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνερρίπτουν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ἀνακλινθέντες","lemma":"ἀνακλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνερρίπτουν","gloss":"leaning back","note":"ἀνακλινθέντες, aorist passive participle describing rowers' backward lean on the stroke."},{"surface":"ἀνερρίπτουν","lemma":"ἀναρρίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εὖθ᾽","gloss":"tossed up"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνερρίπτουν","gloss":"brine","note":"ἅλα, poetic term for 'sea/brine', distinct from prose θάλασσα used elsewhere in the passage."},{"surface":"πηδῷ","lemma":"πηδόν","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνερρίπτουν","gloss":"with oar-blade"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b13-l79","source":"καὶ τῷ νήδυμος ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτε,","translation":"and upon his eyelids fell a sweet sleep,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βλεφάροισιν","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet","note":"νήδυμος ὕπνος, a fixed Homeric formula, 'sweet/deep sleep'."},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἔπιπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b13-l80","source":"νήγρετος, ἥδιστος, θανάτῳ ἄγχιστα ἐοικώς.","translation":"unbroken, most delicious, most like to death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήγρετος","lemma":"νήγρετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"ἥδιστος","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"most delicious"},{"surface":"θανάτῳ","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἄγχιστα","lemma":"ἄγχιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐοικώς","gloss":"nearest","note":"ἄγχιστα, superlative adverb, 'most nearly (like death)' — an eerie simile for deep sleep."},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"resembling"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b13-l81","source":"ἡ δʼ, ὥς τʼ ἐν πεδίῳ τετράοροι ἄρσενες ἵπποι,","translation":"And she, as on a plain a team of four stallions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρήσσουσι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(correlative particle)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"τετράοροι","lemma":"τετράορος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"four-horse","note":"τετράοροι, 'yoked four abreast' — an epic simile comparing the ship's speed to a chariot team."},{"surface":"ἄρσενες","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"male"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πρήσσουσι","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b13-l82","source":"πάντες ἅμʼ ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης,","translation":"all springing forward together under the blows of the lash,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθέντες","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθέντες","lemma":"ὁρμέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πρήσσουσι","gloss":"springing forward"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"πληγῇσιν","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"blows"},{"surface":"ἱμάσθλης","lemma":"ἱμάσθλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πληγῇσιν","gloss":"of the lash"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b13-l83","source":"ὑψόσʼ ἀειρόμενοι ῥίμφα πρήσσουσι κέλευθον,","translation":"rising high, swiftly accomplish their course,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀειρόμενοι","gloss":"high up"},{"surface":"ἀειρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πρήσσουσι","gloss":"rising","note":"ἀειρόμενοι picks up ἀείρετο in the next line, echoing the horse-simile in the ship's own motion."},{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρήσσουσι","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"πρήσσουσι","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρετο","gloss":"accomplish"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρήσσουσι","gloss":"course"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b13-l84","source":"ὣς ἄρα τῆς πρύμνη μὲν ἀείρετο, κῦμα δʼ ὄπισθε","translation":"so the ship's stern lifted, and behind her the wave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρετο","gloss":"so","note":"ὣς ἄρα resumes and closes the horse simile begun in l81 with 'as...so'."},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πρύμνη","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"πρύμνη","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀείρετο","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of θῦε","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῦε","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b13-l85","source":"πορφύρεον μέγα θῦε πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης.","translation":"great and dark-purple, seethed of the loud-roaring sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πορφύρεον ... πολυφλοίσβοιο","title":"Dark and loud-roaring sea","body":"πορφύρεον evokes the heaving, dark-gleaming wave; πολύφλοισβος, 'loud-roaring,' is a stock epithet of the sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"πορφύρεον","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"dark-purple"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θῦε","gloss":"greatly","note":"neuter accusative used adverbially, 'greatly/loudly' with θῦε, common Homeric idiom"},{"surface":"θῦε","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seethed","note":"θύω here = 'rage, seethe' (of sea), not the sacrificial sense 'sacrifice'"},{"surface":"πολυφλοίσβοιο","lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"loud-roaring"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b13-l86","source":"ἡ δὲ μάλʼ ἀσφαλέως θέεν ἔμπεδον· οὐδέ κεν ἴρηξ","translation":"She ran on steady and sure; not even a hawk could","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θέεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλέως","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέεν","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"θέεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran","note":"θέεν, imperfect of θέω 'run', describing the ship's steady motion"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέεν","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"κεν + optative (ὁμαρτήσειεν next line) marks unreal potential: 'not even a hawk could'"},{"surface":"ἴρηξ","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"hawk"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b13-l87","source":"κίρκος ὁμαρτήσειεν, ἐλαφρότατος πετεηνῶν.","translation":"the falcon keep pace with her, swiftest of winged things.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l87.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁμαρτήσειεν","title":"Potential optative","body":"ὁμαρτήσειεν with κεν is a potential optative, 'could keep pace,' framing an unreal comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"κίρκος","lemma":"κίρκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἴρηξ","gloss":"falcon","note":"κίρκος restates/specifies ἴρηξ from prior line, an epic apposition pattern"},{"surface":"ὁμαρτήσειεν","lemma":"ὁμαρτέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep pace","note":"aorist optative with κεν (previous line) expresses unreal potential, 'could not even keep pace'"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρότατος","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"swiftest"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαφρότατος","gloss":"of winged things"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b13-l88","source":"ὣς ἡ ῥίμφα θέουσα θαλάσσης κύματʼ ἔταμνεν,","translation":"So she, running swiftly, cut through the waves of the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔταμνεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔταμνεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέουσα","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"θέουσα","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔταμνεν","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κύματ᾽","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"κύματ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔταμνεν","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"ἔταμνεν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut through","note":"ἔταμνεν, imperfect 'kept cutting'; vivid ongoing image of the ship's passage"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b13-l89","source":"ἄνδρα φέρουσα θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μήδεʼ ἔχοντα·","translation":"carrying a man whose mind was like the gods';","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l89.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μήδεʼ ἔχοντα","title":"Godlike in counsel","body":"Literally 'having counsels like the gods,' praising Odysseus' divine cunning of mind (μήδεα)."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔταμνεν","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκια","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκια","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδε᾽","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"μήδε","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"mind","note":"μήδεα 'counsels, mind' is the direct object of ἔχοντα (accusative plural neuter), not a prepositional phrase — 'having a mind like the gods'', formulaic praise for Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b13-l90","source":"ὃς πρὶν μὲν μάλα πολλὰ πάθʼ ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"who before had suffered very many pains in his heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάθ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάθ᾽","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"πάθ","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of εὗδε","gloss":"suffered","note":"πάθ(ε) aorist of πάσχω, gnomic/narrative aorist summing his past ordeal"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάθ᾽","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"his own","note":"ὃν = possessive reflexive ἑός 'his own,' epic form (not the article ὁ)"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b13-l91","source":"ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων,","translation":"passing through the wars of men and the grievous waves;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πτολέμους","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμους","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wars","note":"πτολέμους, epic form with inserted τ (metrical lengthening) of πόλεμος"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινά","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"πείρων","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάθ᾽","gloss":"passing through","note":"πείρων, present participle 'piercing/crossing,' vivid image of cutting through hardship"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b13-l92","source":"δὴ τότε γʼ ἀτρέμας εὗδε, λελασμένος ὅσσʼ ἐπεπόνθει.","translation":"but now at last he slept undisturbed, forgetful of all he had endured.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λελασμένος","title":"Perfect participle","body":"λελασμένος is a perfect middle participle of λανθάνομαι, 'having forgotten,' a settled state of forgetfulness."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"undisturbed"},{"surface":"εὗδε","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"λελασμένος","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"forgetting","note":"λελασμένος, perfect participle 'having forgotten' — the perfect stresses his settled, complete forgetfulness in sleep"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπεπόνθει","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἐπεπόνθει","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of λελασμένος","gloss":"had endured","note":"pluperfect ἐπεπόνθει, 'had suffered' — sets his past ordeals before this moment of rest"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b13-l93","source":"εὖτʼ ἀστὴρ ὑπερέσχε φαάντατος, ὅς τε μάλιστα","translation":"When the brightest star rose up, the one that above all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀστὴρ","lemma":"ἀστήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερέσχε","gloss":"star"},{"surface":"ὑπερέσχε","lemma":"ὑπερέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ᾽","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"φαάντατος","lemma":"φαάντατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀστὴρ","gloss":"brightest","note":"φαάντατος, superlative epithet for the morning star (Venus), a formulaic Homeric image"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b13-l94","source":"ἔρχεται ἀγγέλλων φάος Ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης,","translation":"comes heralding the light of early-born Dawn,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀστὴρ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἀγγέλλων","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"heralding"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγγέλλων","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Ἠοῦς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of Dawn"},{"surface":"ἠριγενείης","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠοῦς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγενείης, standing epithet of Dawn (Ἠώς), 'early-born' — a fixed Homeric formula"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b13-l95","source":"τῆμος δὴ νήσῳ προσεπίλνατο ποντοπόρος νηῦς.","translation":"then the seafaring ship drew near to the island.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆμος","lemma":"τῆμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεπίλνατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νήσῳ","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσεπίλνατο","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"προσεπίλνατο","lemma":"προσπίλναμαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew near"},{"surface":"ποντοπόρος","lemma":"ποντοπόρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"seafaring","note":"ποντοπόρος, compound epithet 'sea-crossing,' typical Homeric noun-epithet for ships"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεπίλνατο","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b13-l96","source":"Φόρκυνος δέ τίς ἐστι λιμήν, ἁλίοιο γέροντος,","translation":"There is a harbor of Phorcys, the old man of the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φόρκυνος","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Phorcys"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λιμήν","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"λιμήν","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"ἁλίοιο","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"old man","note":"γέροντος ἁλίοιο, 'old man of the sea,' epithet for the sea-god Phorcys"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b13-l97","source":"ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης· δύο δὲ προβλῆτες ἐν αὐτῷ","translation":"in the land of Ithaca; two jutting headlands within it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀκταὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προβλῆτες","lemma":"προβλής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀκταὶ","gloss":"jutting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b13-l98","source":"ἀκταὶ ἀπορρῶγες, λιμένος ποτιπεπτηυῖαι,","translation":"sheer cliffs, crouching toward the harbor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκταὶ","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"ἀπορρῶγες","lemma":"ἀπορρῶξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀκταὶ","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποτιπεπτηυῖαι","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"ποτιπεπτηυῖαι","lemma":"προσπίπτω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"crouching toward","note":"ποτιπεπτηυῖαι, perfect participle 'crouching down' — vivid image of cliffs leaning protectively over the harbor"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b13-l99","source":"αἵ τʼ ἀνέμων σκεπόωσι δυσαήων μέγα κῦμα","translation":"which shelter from the ill-blowing winds the great wave","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of σκεπόωσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"σκεπόωσι","lemma":"σκεπάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"shelter from"},{"surface":"δυσαήων","lemma":"δυσαής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"ill-blowing"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σκεπόωσι","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b13-l100","source":"ἔκτοθεν· ἔντοσθεν δέ τʼ ἄνευ δεσμοῖο μένουσι","translation":"outside; but within, without a mooring-rope, they rest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτοθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκεπόωσι","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένουσι","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"δεσμοῖο","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄνευ","gloss":"mooring-rope"},{"surface":"μένουσι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rest","note":"μένουσι, present 'remain/rest,' describing ships riding safely at anchor without need of ropes"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b13-l101","source":"νῆες ἐΰσσελμοι, ὅτʼ ἂν ὅρμου μέτρον ἵκωνται.","translation":"the well-benched ships, once they reach the harbor's measure.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μένουσι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΰσσελμοι","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"well-benched","note":"ἐΰσσελμοι, standing Homeric epithet for ships, 'with good rowing-benches'"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ὅρμου","lemma":"ὅρμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέτρον","gloss":"of anchorage"},{"surface":"μέτρον","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκωνται","gloss":"measure"},{"surface":"ἵκωνται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ᾽","gloss":"reach"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b13-l102","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ κρατὸς λιμένος τανύφυλλος ἐλαίη,","translation":"And at the head of the harbor there is a long-leaved olive tree,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"τανύφυλλος","lemma":"τανύφυλλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίη","gloss":"long-leaved"},{"surface":"ἐλαίη","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"olive tree"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b13-l103","source":"ἀγχόθι δʼ αὐτῆς ἄντρον ἐπήρατον ἠεροειδές,","translation":"and close beside it a lovely, misty cave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχόθι","lemma":"ἀγχόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἄντρον","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἐπήρατον","lemma":"ἐπήρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδές","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"misty","note":"ἠεροειδές, 'shadowy/mist-colored' — the famous Cave of the Naiads, dim and shadowed"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b13-l104","source":"ἱρὸν νυμφάων αἱ νηϊάδες καλέονται.","translation":"sacred to the nymphs who are called Naiads.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱρὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"νυμφάων","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἱρὸν","gloss":"of the nymphs"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νηϊάδες","lemma":"Ναιάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Naiads","note":"νηϊάδες, water-nymphs, named for νᾶμα 'stream' — nymphs of springs and fountains"},{"surface":"καλέονται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νυμφάων","gloss":"are called"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b13-l105","source":"ἐν δὲ κρητῆρές τε καὶ ἀμφιφορῆες ἔασιν","translation":"Within it are mixing-bowls and two-handled jars","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρές","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mixing-bowls"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορῆες","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"two-handled jars"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b13-l106","source":"λάϊνοι· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα τιθαιβώσσουσι μέλισσαι.","translation":"of stone; and there too the bees store their honey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάϊνοι","lemma":"λάινος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of stone","note":"λάϊνοι modifies the bowls/jars from the prior line, describing the cave's stone vessels"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιθαιβώσσουσι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τιθαιβώσσουσι","lemma":"τιθαιβώσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"store honey","note":"τιθαιβώσσουσι, rare verb specific to bees storing honey in combs"},{"surface":"μέλισσαι","lemma":"μέλισσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τιθαιβώσσουσι","gloss":"bees"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b13-l107","source":"ἐν δʼ ἱστοὶ λίθεοι περιμήκεες, ἔνθα τε νύμφαι","translation":"And there are great looms of stone, where the nymphs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστοὶ","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"looms"},{"surface":"λίθεοι","lemma":"λίθεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστοὶ","gloss":"of stone"},{"surface":"περιμήκεες","lemma":"περιμήκης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστοὶ","gloss":"very long"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑφαίνουσιν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύμφαι","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὑφαίνουσιν","gloss":"nymphs"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b13-l108","source":"φάρεʼ ὑφαίνουσιν ἁλιπόρφυρα, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι·","translation":"weave robes of sea-purple, a wonder to behold;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l108.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι","title":"A wonder to behold","body":"θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι is an epexegetic (explanatory) infinitive, 'a marvel to look upon.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"φάρε","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"robes"},{"surface":"ὑφαίνουσιν","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weave"},{"surface":"ἁλιπόρφυρα","lemma":"ἁλιπόρφυρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρε᾽","gloss":"sea-purple","note":"ἁλιπόρφυρα, compound 'sea-purple' — dye from murex shellfish, a mark of luxury"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"to behold","note":"ἰδέσθαι, aorist middle infinitive of epic εἶδον, expressing purpose/respect 'wonderful to see'"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b13-l109","source":"ἐν δʼ ὕδατʼ ἀενάοντα. δύω δέ τέ οἱ θύραι εἰσίν,","translation":"and there are ever-flowing waters. It has two doors:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδατ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"ἀενάοντα","lemma":"ἀέναος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατ᾽","gloss":"ever-flowing"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θύραι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰσίν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"θύραι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσίν","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"εἰσίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b13-l110","source":"αἱ μὲν πρὸς Βορέαο καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν,","translation":"the one toward the North Wind, by which mortals may go down,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l110.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Βορέαο","title":"Boreas, the North Wind","body":"Βορέης is the North Wind, here used to mark the cave's northern entrance, the way open to mortals."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the ones"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Βορέαο","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"North Wind"},{"surface":"καταιβαταὶ","lemma":"καταιβατός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"descendable","note":"καταιβαταὶ, rare verbal adjective 'able to be gone down through' — the door mortals use"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καταιβαταὶ","gloss":"for men"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b13-l111","source":"αἱ δʼ αὖ πρὸς Νότου εἰσὶ θεώτεραι· οὐδέ τι κείνῃ","translation":"and the others, toward the South Wind, are more divine; nor by that way","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Νότου","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"South Wind"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"θεώτεραι","lemma":"θεώτερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more divine","note":"θεώτεραι, rare comparative 'more godlike' — marks the gods' entrance as holier than the human one"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐσέρχονται","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κείνῃ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐσέρχονται","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b13-l112","source":"ἄνδρες ἐσέρχονται, ἀλλʼ ἀθανάτων ὁδός ἐστιν.","translation":"do men go in, but it is the road of the immortals.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσέρχονται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐσέρχονται","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go in"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδός","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"ὁδός","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is","note":"predicate εἰμί construction: 'it is the road of the immortals' — marks the cave's dual mortal/divine access, famously debated by Porphyry"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b13-l113","source":"ἔνθʼ οἵ γʼ εἰσέλασαν, πρὶν εἰδότες· ἡ μὲν\n                  ἔπειτα","translation":"There they rowed in, knowing the place from before; and the ship then","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσέλασαν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσέλασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰσέλασαν","lemma":"εἰσελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rowed in","note":"Compound εἰσ-ελαύνω 'drive/row in' — epic aorist, augment often kept even in dialect."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότες","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"εἰδότες","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσέλασαν","gloss":"knowing","note":"Perfect οἶδα acts as a present 'know' — a stative perfect, one of Greek's oddest verbs."},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέκελσεν","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(marks contrast)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέκελσεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b13-l114","source":"ἠπείρῳ ἐπέκελσεν, ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ ἥμισυ πάσης,","translation":"ran up onto the shore for as much as half her whole length,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπείρῳ","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέκελσεν","gloss":"onto the shore"},{"surface":"ἐπέκελσεν","lemma":"ἐπικέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran up","note":"ἐπι-κέλλω 'beach a ship' — nautical verb, vivid image of the keel grounding."},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἥμισυ","gloss":"of her whole length"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b13-l115","source":"σπερχομένη· τοῖον γὰρ ἐπείγετο χέρσʼ ἐρετάων·","translation":"driving hard, for the hands of such rowers urged her on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπερχομένη","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέκελσεν","gloss":"driving hard","note":"Middle participle of σπέρχω — the ship itself 'hastens', a lively personification."},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπείγετο","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπείγετο","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged her on"},{"surface":"χέρσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπείγετο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐρετάων","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χέρσ᾽","gloss":"of rowers"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b13-l116","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐκ νηὸς βάντες ἐϋζύγου ἤπειρόνδε","translation":"Then, stepping out of the well-benched ship onto the land,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄειραν","gloss":"stepping","note":"Aorist participle βάντες, from βαίνω — the strong root-aorist stem βη-/βα-."},{"surface":"ἐϋζύγου","lemma":"εὔζυγος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"well-benched","note":"Epic compound epithet εὔζυγος 'well-yoked/benched' — stock formula for ships."},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάντες","gloss":"onto the land","note":"Directional suffix -δε 'to(ward)' attached to ἤπειρος, a common Homeric motion-adverb pattern."}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b13-l117","source":"πρῶτον Ὀδυσσῆα γλαφυρῆς ἐκ νηὸς ἄειραν","translation":"first they lifted Odysseus out of the hollow ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄειραν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄειραν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow","note":"γλαφυρός 'hollow' — a fixed Homeric epithet for ships."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ἄειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they lifted","note":"Root aorist of ἀείρω 'lift, raise'."}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b13-l118","source":"αὐτῷ σύν τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ σιγαλόεντι,","translation":"still in the linen sheet and the shining rug,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίνῳ","gloss":"(just as he was)"},{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίνῳ","lemma":"λίνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"linen sheet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήγεϊ","lemma":"ῥῆγος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"rug"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντι","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥήγεϊ","gloss":"shining","note":"σιγαλόεις 'glossy, shining' — decorative epithet for fine cloth."}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b13-l119","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ ψαμάθῳ ἔθεσαν δεδμημένον ὕπνῳ,","translation":"and they laid him down on the sand, overcome by sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l119.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δεδμημένον","title":"Perfect participle, 'overpowered'","body":"δεδμημένον is a perfect middle/passive participle of δάμνημι, 'subdue, overpower.' The perfect stresses Odysseus's settled state: mastered by sleep and lying utterly still."}],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατά apocopated to κάδ before δ — common Homeric elision/assimilation of prepositions."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ψαμάθῳ","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sand"},{"surface":"ἔθεσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they laid","note":"τίθημι's aorist ἔθεσαν — athematic verb, root stem θε-."},{"surface":"δεδμημένον","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"overcome","note":"Perfect passive participle of δαμάζω 'subdue, overpower' — sleep as a conquering force."},{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδμημένον","gloss":"by sleep"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b13-l120","source":"ἐκ δὲ κτήματʼ ἄειραν, ἅ οἱ Φαίηκες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"and they lifted out the treasures, which the noble Phaeacians","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"Tmesis: ἐκ separated from its verb ἄειραν — preposition and verb split, typical epic word order."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄειραν","gloss":"the treasures"},{"surface":"ἄειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they lifted"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὤπασαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤπασαν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤπασαν","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b13-l121","source":"ὤπασαν οἴκαδʼ ἰόντι διὰ μεγάθυμον Ἀθήνην.","translation":"had given him as he went home, through great-hearted Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤπασαν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κτήματ᾽","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he went"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through","note":"διά + acc. 'through the agency of' — expresses divine causation, not physical passage."},{"surface":"μεγάθυμον","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνην","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b13-l122","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν παρὰ πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης ἀθρόα θῆκαν","translation":"These they set all together by the trunk of the olive tree,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of θῆκαν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"πυθμέν","lemma":"πυθμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the trunk"},{"surface":"ἐλαίης","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πυθμέν᾽","gloss":"of the olive tree"},{"surface":"ἀθρόα","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all together","note":"ἀθρόος 'in a heap, all together' — describes how the goods were piled."},{"surface":"θῆκαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b13-l123","source":"ἐκτὸς ὁδοῦ, μή πώς τις ὁδιτάων ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"off the road, lest some one of the men who travel it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"ὁδοῦ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκτὸς","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δηλήσαιτο","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ὁδιτάων","lemma":"ὁδίτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of travelers"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b13-l124","source":"πρίν γʼ Ὀδυσῆʼ ἔγρεσθαι, ἐπελθὼν δηλήσαιτο·","translation":"before Odysseus woke, might come upon them and do them harm;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before","note":"πρίν + infinitive ἔγρεσθαι 'before waking' — standard temporal clause construction."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγρεσθαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔγρεσθαι","lemma":"ἔγρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δηλήσαιτο","gloss":"coming upon them"},{"surface":"δηλήσαιτο","lemma":"δηλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might harm","note":"Optative δηλήσαιτο in a fear clause after μή — 'lest he harm'."}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b13-l125","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ αὖτʼ οἶκόνδε πάλιν κίον. οὐδʼ ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"then they themselves went back home again. But the Earth-Shaker","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνοσίχθων","title":"Epithet of Poseidon","body":"ἐνοσίχθων, 'Earth-Shaker,' is a standard formulaic epithet of Poseidon, god of the sea and of earthquakes."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίον","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λήθετ᾽","gloss":"the Earth-Shaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων 'Earth-Shaker' — a formulaic title for Poseidon."}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b13-l126","source":"λήθετʼ ἀπειλάων, τὰς ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆϊ","translation":"did not forget the threats with which against godlike Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λήθετ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not forget","note":"λανθάνω middle 'forget' — famous verb pairing with a genitive object, ἀπειλάων."},{"surface":"ἀπειλάων","lemma":"ἀπειλή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of λήθετ᾽","gloss":"the threats"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπηπείλησε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆϊ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπηπείλησε","gloss":"against Odysseus"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b13-l127","source":"πρῶτον ἐπηπείλησε, Διὸς δʼ ἐξείρετο βουλήν·","translation":"he had first threatened, and he asked Zeus for his will:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπηπείλησε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐπηπείλησε","lemma":"ἐπαπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀπειλάων","gloss":"he had threatened"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξείρετο","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he asked"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξείρετο","gloss":"the will"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b13-l128","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, οὐκέτʼ ἐγώ γε μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι\n                     θεοῖσι","translation":"\"Father Zeus, no longer among the immortal gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσομαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μετ᾽","gloss":"gods","note":"Poseidon's outburst — vivid direct speech opening the divine complaint scene."}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b13-l129","source":"τιμήεις ἔσομαι, ὅτε με βροτοὶ οὔ τι τίουσιν,","translation":"shall I be held in honor, when mortals give me no honor at all,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l129.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τίουσιν","title":"Present indicative, 'they honor'","body":"τίουσι(ν) is present indicative of τίω, 'honor, value.' The present tense frames the slight as ongoing: the Phaeacians are, right now, failing to honor Poseidon."}],"words":[{"surface":"τιμήεις","lemma":"τιμήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"honored","note":"τιμήεις 'held in honor, prized' — predicate adjective with ἔσομαι."},{"surface":"ἔσομαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I be"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίουσιν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τίουσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τίουσιν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b13-l130","source":"Φαίηκες, τοί πέρ τοι ἐμῆς ἔξ εἰσι γενέθλης.","translation":"the Phaeacians, who are themselves of my own lineage.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γενέθλης","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"ἔξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Φαίηκες","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"γενέθλης","lemma":"γενέθλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lineage","note":"γενέθλη 'birth, stock' — Poseidon claims kinship with the Phaeacians."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b13-l131","source":"καὶ γὰρ νῦν Ὀδυσῆʼ ἐφάμην κακὰ πολλὰ παθόντα","translation":"For even now I thought that Odysseus, after suffering many evils,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I thought","note":"φημί imperfect middle ἐφάμην 'I said/thought (to myself)'."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παθόντα","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"παθόντα","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b13-l132","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι· νόστον δέ οἱ οὔ ποτʼ ἀπηύρων","translation":"would come home; his homecoming I never took from him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l132.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos, 'homecoming'","body":"νόστος is the homecoming-return that is the Odyssey's central theme. Poseidon concedes he never denied Odysseus a nostos outright, only meant to delay it."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρων","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I took away","note":"ἀπαυράω 'take away, deprive of' — Poseidon insists he never denied Odysseus his return outright."}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b13-l133","source":"πάγχυ, ἐπεὶ σὺ πρῶτον ὑπέσχεο καὶ κατένευσας.","translation":"altogether, since you first promised it and nodded your assent.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l133.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑπέσχεο, κατένευσας","title":"Aorist verbs, 'you promised and nodded'","body":"Both verbs are aorist, marking single completed acts: Zeus once promised (ὑπέσχεο) and once nodded assent (κατένευσας). The nod of Zeus's head was an irrevocable divine guarantee."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρων","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχεο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you promised"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατένευσας","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"nodded assent","note":"κατανεύω 'nod down in assent' — Zeus's nod is the divine seal of a binding promise."}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b13-l134","source":"οἱ δʼ εὕδοντʼ ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἐπὶ πόντον ἄγοντες","translation":"But these men, carrying him asleep in a swift ship over the sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὕδοντ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b13-l135","source":"κάτθεσαν εἰν Ἰθάκῃ, ἔδοσαν δέ οἱ ἄσπετα δῶρα,","translation":"set him down in Ithaca, and gave him countless gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set him down","note":"κατα-τίθημι 'lay down, set down'."},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἔδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδοσαν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"countless","note":"ἄσπετος 'unspeakable, countless' — hyperbolic epithet for the gifts' abundance."},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b13-l136","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε ἅλις ἐσθῆτά θʼ ὑφαντήν,","translation":"bronze and gold in plenty and woven clothing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies χρυσόν","gloss":"in plenty"},{"surface":"ἐσθῆτά","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑφαντήν","lemma":"ὑφαντός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐσθῆτά","gloss":"woven"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b13-l137","source":"πόλλʼ, ὅσʼ ἂν οὐδέ ποτε Τροίης ἐξήρατʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"much, such as Odysseus would never have won out of Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ὅσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"as much as","note":"ὅσα ἄν + aorist indicative (ἐξήρατ') marks an unreal/potential past — 'as much as he would never have won,' not an optative construction."},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"from Troy"},{"surface":"ἐξήρατ","lemma":"ἐξαίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"won out","note":"ἐξαίρω 'take out, carry off as spoil' — plunder-taking verb."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b13-l138","source":"εἴ περ ἀπήμων ἦλθε, λαχὼν ἀπὸ ληΐδος αἶσαν.","translation":"even had he come home unharmed with his allotted share of the spoil.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀπήμων","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"he had come"},{"surface":"λαχὼν","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"having received","note":"λαγχάνω 'obtain by lot' — his fair share of the war-plunder."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ληΐδος","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the spoil"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαχὼν","gloss":"his share"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b13-l139","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς","title":"Epithet, 'cloud-gatherer Zeus'","body":"νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς, 'Zeus the cloud-gatherer,' is one of his most frequent formulaic epithets, fitting the line-end of the hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer","note":"νεφεληγερέτα — Zeus's classic Homeric epithet, sky-god imagery."},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b13-l140","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οἷον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Now look, mighty Earth-Shaker, what a thing you have said!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my!","note":"ὢ πόποι — a standard Homeric exclamation of surprise/indignation."},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαι","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Earth-Shaker"},{"surface":"εὐρυσθενές","lemma":"εὐρυσθενης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαι᾽","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what a thing"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have said"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b13-l141","source":"οὔ τί σʼ ἀτιμάζουσι θεοί· χαλεπὸν δέ κεν εἴη","translation":"The gods do not dishonor you in any way; it would be hard indeed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"in any way","note":"neuter τί used adverbially, 'not at all' — common idiom οὔ τι"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζουσι","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dishonor"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"κεν+optative εἴη = potential 'would be', epic equivalent of ἄν"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it would be"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b13-l142","source":"πρεσβύτατον καὶ ἄριστον ἀτιμίῃσιν ἰάλλειν.","translation":"to assail the eldest and the best with dishonor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρεσβύτατον","lemma":"πρέσβυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the eldest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἀτιμίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀτιμία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰάλλειν","gloss":"with dishonor"},{"surface":"ἰάλλειν","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"to assail","note":"epexegetic infinitive explaining what χαλεπόν ('hard') would be"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b13-l143","source":"ἀνδρῶν δʼ εἴ πέρ τίς σε βίῃ καὶ κάρτεϊ εἴκων","translation":"But as for men, if any one, yielding to his own strength and force,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τίει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρτεϊ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in force"},{"surface":"εἴκων","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίει","gloss":"yielding to","note":"present participle εἴκων + dative βίῃ/κάρτεϊ, 'giving way to' one's own strength = acting from it"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b13-l144","source":"οὔ τι τίει. σοὶ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐξοπίσω τίσις αἰεί.","translation":"gives you no honor, vengeance is yours, always, in the end.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τίει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τίει","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"honors","note":"τίω 'honor, pay heed to' — root of the noun τίσις two words later, a pointed echo"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"τίσις","lemma":"τίσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"vengeance","note":"τίσις, cognate with τίει above — the poet plays on 'honor' vs 'requital' via the same root"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b13-l145","source":"ἔρξον ὅπως ἐθέλεις καί τοι φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ.","translation":"Do as you wish and as is dear to your heart.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l145.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔρξον","title":"Aorist imperative, 'do!'","body":"ἔρξον is an aorist imperative of ἔρδω/ῥέζω, 'do, act.' The aorist imperative commands a single decisive action: 'go ahead and do it.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρξον","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do","note":"aorist imperative ἔρξον, 'act, do it' — Zeus's blunt command to Poseidon, granting him leave to do as he wishes; Poseidon's reply follows at l147"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"is","note":"πέλω 'to be, become' — epic verb of being, here impersonal-feeling 'as is dear to your heart'"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"to your heart"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b13-l146","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Then Poseidon the Earth-Shaker answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-Shaker","note":"standing epithet Ἐνοσίχθων ('earth-shaker'), formulaic pairing with Ποσειδάων"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b13-l147","source":"αἶψά κʼ ἐγὼν ἔρξαιμι, κελαινεφές, ὡς ἀγορεύεις·","translation":"\"At once I would do it, lord of dark clouds, as you say;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξαιμι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"κ(ε) + optative ἔρξαιμι = potential optative, 'I would do'"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρξαιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔρξαιμι","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would do it"},{"surface":"κελαινεφές","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord of dark clouds","note":"vocative epithet of Zeus (κελαινεφής), addressed with implied ὦ though elided/unstated"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξαιμι","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b13-l148","source":"ἀλλὰ σὸν αἰεὶ θυμὸν ὀπίζομαι ἠδʼ ἀλεείνω.","translation":"but I always stand in awe of your will and shun it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"will","note":"θυμόν 'heart, spirit, will' — object shared by both ὀπίζομαι and ἀλεείνω"},{"surface":"ὀπίζομαι","lemma":"ὀπίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand in awe of"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνω","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shun"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b13-l149","source":"νῦν αὖ Φαιήκων ἐθέλω περικαλλέα νῆα,","translation":"Now I wish the Phaeacians' beautiful ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥαῖσαι","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b13-l150","source":"ἐκ πομπῆς ἀνιοῦσαν, ἐν ἠεροειδέϊ πόντῳ","translation":"as it returns from its escort, on the misty sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πομπῆς","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"ἀνιοῦσαν","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning","note":"present participle of ἄνειμι 'go up/back' agreeing with νῆα — 'as it comes back'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέϊ","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"misty"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b13-l151","source":"ῥαῖσαι, ἵνʼ ἤδη σχῶνται, ἀπολλήξωσι δὲ πομπῆς","translation":"to wreck, so that at last they may hold back and cease escorting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥαῖσαι","lemma":"ῥαίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"to wreck","note":"aorist infinitive ῥαῖσαι depends on ἐθέλω ('I wish') three lines up — long-delayed complement"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχῶνται","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"σχῶνται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"they hold back"},{"surface":"ἀπολλήξωσι","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"and cease"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πομπῆς","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπολλήξωσι","gloss":"escorting"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b13-l152","source":"ἀνθρώπων, μέγα δέ σφιν ὄρος πόλει ἀμφικαλύψαι.","translation":"men, and to hide their city under a great mountain.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πομπῆς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"a great"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"their","note":"σφιν, dative of possession, 'their city'"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφικαλύψαι","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψαι","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"to hide"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b13-l153","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer","note":"formulaic epithet νεφεληγερέτα for Zeus, matching Poseidon's epithet in the mirrored line above"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b13-l154","source":"ὢ πέπον, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα,","translation":"\"My friend, as it seems best to my own heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh","note":"exclamation ὢ + vocative πέπον, a warm/familiar address ('good fellow')"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"to my"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοκεῖ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δοκεῖ","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκεῖ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄριστα","lemma":"ἄριστον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b13-l155","source":"ὁππότε κεν δὴ πάντες ἐλαυνομένην προΐδωνται","translation":"at the moment when all the people are watching her driving in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνομένην","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being driven in","note":"present passive participle ἐλαυνομένην, 'as she is being driven/rowed in'"},{"surface":"προΐδωνται","lemma":"προεῖδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"catch sight of"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b13-l156","source":"λαοὶ ἀπὸ πτόλιος, θεῖναι λίθον ἐγγύθι γαίης","translation":"from the city, turn her to stone near the land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of προΐδωνται","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πτόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"the city","note":"epic form πτόλιος (with extra π-) for πόλεως, a metrical variant"},{"surface":"θεῖναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"turn to stone","note":"lit. 'to set/place' — τιθέναι λίθον 'make into a stone'"},{"surface":"λίθον","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of θεῖναι","gloss":"a stone"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθι","gloss":"the land"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b13-l157","source":"νηῒ θοῇ ἴκελον, ἵνα θαυμάζωσιν ἅπαντες","translation":"like a swift ship, so that all may marvel,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἴκελον","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἴκελον","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθον","gloss":"like","note":"ἴκελον + dative νηῒ θοῇ, 'similar to a swift ship' — the famous ship-turned-to-stone image"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"θαυμάζωσιν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"marvel"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθρωποι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b13-l158","source":"ἄνθρωποι, μέγα δέ σφιν ὄρος πόλει ἀμφικαλύψαι.","translation":"the people, and hide their city under a great mountain.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θαυμάζωσιν","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"a great"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψαι","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψαι","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"to hide","note":"repeats l152 verbatim — Homeric repetition of Zeus echoing Poseidon's own words back to him"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b13-l159","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων,","translation":"But when Poseidon the Earth-Shaker heard this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"this","note":"neuter τό as demonstrative pronoun, 'this thing' (object of ἄκουσε)"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-Shaker"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b13-l160","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς Σχερίην, ὅθι Φαίηκες γεγάασιν.","translation":"he set out to go to Scheria, where the Phaeacians are born.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set out","note":"βῆ 'went' + infinitive ἴμεν ('to go') — common Homeric periphrasis for 'he went'"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σχερίην","lemma":"Σχερία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Scheria"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γεγάασιν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of γεγάασιν","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"γεγάασιν","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Σχερίην","gloss":"are born","note":"perfect γεγάασιν with present sense 'have come to be, are' — epic perfect of γίγνομαι"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b13-l161","source":"ἔνθʼ ἔμενʼ· ἡ δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθε ποντοπόρος νηῦς","translation":"There he waited; and the seafaring ship came very near,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεν᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he waited"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ποντοπόρος","lemma":"ποντοπόρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"seafaring","note":"compound epithet ποντοπόρος 'sea-crossing', formulaic descriptor for ships"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b13-l162","source":"ῥίμφα διωκομένη· τῆς δὲ σχεδὸν ἦλθʼ ἐνοσίχθων,","translation":"swiftly driven on; and the Earth-Shaker came close to her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διωκομένη","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"διωκομένη","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"being driven on"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ᾽","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ᾽","gloss":"the Earth-Shaker"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b13-l163","source":"ὅς μιν λᾶαν ἔθηκε καὶ ἐρρίζωσεν ἔνερθε","translation":"who turned her to stone and rooted her fast below","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"λᾶαν","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ἔθηκε","gloss":"a stone"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"turned","note":"λᾶαν ἔθηκε 'made her a stone', double accusative construction"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρρίζωσεν","lemma":"ῥιζόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"rooted fast"},{"surface":"ἔνερθε","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρρίζωσεν","gloss":"below"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b13-l164","source":"χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ ἐλάσας· ὁ δὲ νόσφι βεβήκει.","translation":"with a blow of his flat hand; then he went away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βεβήκει","title":"Pluperfect, 'he had gone'","body":"βεβήκει is pluperfect of βαίνω, marking an action completed before the surrounding narrative present: Poseidon had already departed by the time the Phaeacians look up."}],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσας","gloss":"with his hand"},{"surface":"καταπρηνεῖ","lemma":"καταπρηνής","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"flat","note":"καταπρηνεῖ 'palm-down, flat' — vivid physical detail of the striking blow"},{"surface":"ἐλάσας","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρρίζωσεν","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone","note":"pluperfect βεβήκει, 'had already gone' — action complete before narrative catches up"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b13-l165","source":"οἱ δὲ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευον","translation":"And they spoke winged words to one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l165.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Formula: 'winged words'","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' is one of the most familiar Homeric formulas, imagining speech as taking flight from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words', one of Homer's most famous formulaic phrases for speech"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b13-l166","source":"Φαίηκες δολιχήρετμοι, ναυσίκλυτοι ἄνδρες.","translation":"the Phaeacians of the long oars, men famed for their ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"δολιχήρετμοι","lemma":"δολιχήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"long-oared","note":"compound epithet δολιχήρετμοι, 'with long oars' — a stock descriptor of the seafaring Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ναυσίκλυτοι","lemma":"ναυσικλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"famed for ships"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b13-l167","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·","translation":"And one would speak, looking at his neighbor beside him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"iterative aorist εἴπεσκεν (-σκ- suffix), 'would keep saying' — marks repeated/customary action"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b13-l168","source":"ὤ μοι, τίς δὴ νῆα θοὴν ἐπέδησʼ ἐνὶ πόντῳ","translation":"\"Oh no — who has bound the swift ship fast in the sea","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh no","note":"ὤ μοι, cry of dismay/grief, 'woe is me'"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"woe to me"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέδησ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέδησ᾽","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπέδησ","lemma":"πεδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has bound fast"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b13-l169","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἐλαυνομένην; καὶ δὴ προὐφαίνετο πᾶσα.","translation":"as she was driving home? Just now the whole of her was in sight.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλαυνομένην","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνομένην","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being driven","note":"medio-passive: 'being driven' herself, not driving actively"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προὐφαίνετο","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared in view","note":"προ- 'forth' + φαίνω 'shine/appear': she came fully into sight"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"whole, entire"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b13-l170","source":"ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε· τὰ δʼ οὐκ ἴσαν ὡς ἐτέτυκτο.","translation":"So one would speak; but they did not know how it had come about.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"iterative -σκε suffix: 'used to say', repeated action typical of epic narration"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"they (things)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"pluperfect of οἶδα functions as simple past 'knew' (perfect = present state)"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"had happened","note":"pluperfect of τεύχω, medio-passive 'had been brought about'"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b13-l171","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀλκίνοος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"Then Alkinoos addressed them and spoke among them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Alkinoos"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among","note":"μετεῖπον 'spoke among/to' the group, paired with ἀγορήσατο as a common epic doublet"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b13-l172","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δή με παλαίφατα θέσφαθʼ\n                     ἱκάνει","translation":"\"Oh no, surely now the ancient prophecies overtake me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l172.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παλαίφατα θέσφατα","title":"'Ancient prophecies'","body":"παλαίφατα θέσφατα are 'things spoken of old, ordained by the gods.' Alkinoos recalls a prophecy he heard from his father — the doom now coming true."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh!"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"παλαίφατα","lemma":"παλαίφατος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θέσφαθ᾽","gloss":"long-foretold","note":"epithet formed from πάλαι 'long ago' + φημί 'spoken', modifying θέσφατα"},{"surface":"θέσφαθ","lemma":"θέσφατος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"prophecies","note":"θέσφατα = 'god-spoken things', a fixed epic term for divine oracles"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes upon"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b13-l173","source":"πατρὸς ἐμοῦ, ὃς ἔφασκε Ποσειδάωνʼ ἀγάσασθαι","translation":"of my father, who used to say Poseidon would be angry","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θέσφαθ᾽","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"ἐμοῦ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφασκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔφασκε","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πατρὸς","gloss":"used to say","note":"imperfect: habitual past action, 'kept saying'"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάσασθαι","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἀγάσασθαι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασκε","gloss":"would be angry","note":"ἄγαμαι here means 'be indignant/angry at', not its usual sense 'admire'"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b13-l174","source":"ἡμῖν, οὕνεκα πομποὶ ἀπήμονές εἰμεν ἁπάντων.","translation":"with us, because we are escorts who bring all men home unharmed.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάσασθαι","gloss":"with us"},{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"πομποὶ","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"escorts"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονές","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομποὶ","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομποὶ","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b13-l175","source":"φῆ ποτὲ Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν περικαλλέα, νῆα,","translation":"He said that one day a beautiful ship of the Phaeacian men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said","note":"φημί here continues the reported speech begun by ἔφασκε; the subject is still the father"},{"surface":"ποτὲ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φῆ","gloss":"once, someday"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"men's"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥαισέμεναι","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b13-l176","source":"ἐκ πομπῆς ἀνιοῦσαν, ἐν ἠεροειδέϊ πόντῳ","translation":"as it returned from its escort, on the misty sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πομπῆς","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"ἀνιοῦσαν","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ῥαισέμεναι","gloss":"returning","note":"ἄνειμι 'go up/back', present participle describing the ship's homeward voyage"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέϊ","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"misty"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b13-l177","source":"ῥαισέμεναι, μέγα δʼ ἧμιν ὄρος πόλει ἀμφικαλύψειν.","translation":"the god would wreck, and hide a great mountain over our city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥαισέμεναι","lemma":"ῥαίω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"would wreck","note":"future infinitive ῥαισέμεναι depends on the verb of saying far above (ἔφασκε)"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφικαλύψειν","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψειν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψειν","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"would cover over","note":"ἀμφικαλύπτω 'hide/cover all around', Poseidon's threatened punishment"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b13-l178","source":"ὣς ἀγόρευʼ ὁ γέρων· τὰ δὲ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.","translation":"So the old man used to say; and now all this is being fulfilled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευ","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to tell","note":"imperfect, habitual: the old man's repeated prophecy"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευ᾽","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελεῖται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελεῖται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελεῖται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fulfilled","note":"present tense marks the prophecy coming true right now, in contrast with the past-tense telling"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b13-l179","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω, πειθώμεθα πάντες·","translation":"But come, as I shall say, let us all be persuaded:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l179.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειθώμεθα","title":"Hortatory subjunctive, 'let us obey'","body":"πειθώμεθα is a present middle subjunctive used hortatively, 'let us be persuaded / obey.' First-person plural subjunctives express an exhortation to a shared course of action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"come now","note":"exhortative particle ἄγε urging collective action"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal]"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πειθώμεθα","gloss":"shall say"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us obey","note":"hortative subjunctive, 'let us all be persuaded'"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b13-l180","source":"πομπῆς μὲν παύσασθε βροτῶν, ὅτε κέν τις ἵκηται","translation":"cease escorting mortals, whenever anyone comes","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πομπῆς","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παύσασθε","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παύσασθε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease","note":"aorist middle imperative: 'stop yourselves from' + genitive, Alkinoos's command"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πομπῆς","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal]"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"arrives"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b13-l181","source":"ἡμέτερον προτὶ ἄστυ· Ποσειδάωνι δὲ ταύρους","translation":"to our city; and to Poseidon let us sacrifice bulls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱερεύσομεν","gloss":"to Poseidon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταύρους","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἱερεύσομεν","gloss":"bulls"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b13-l182","source":"δώδεκα κεκριμένους ἱερεύσομεν, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ,","translation":"twelve chosen ones, in hope that he may pity us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ταύρους","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"κεκριμένους","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ταύρους","gloss":"chosen","note":"perfect participle 'having been selected', emphasizing the bulls are already picked out"},{"surface":"ἱερεύσομεν","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us sacrifice"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal]"},{"surface":"ἐλεήσῃ","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"he may pity"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b13-l183","source":"μηδʼ ἡμῖν περίμηκες ὄρος πόλει ἀμφικαλύψῃ.","translation":"and not hide a towering mountain over our city.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"over us"},{"surface":"περίμηκες","lemma":"περιμήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"towering","note":"περι- 'around/exceedingly' + μήκης 'long/tall', an epic compound for vastness"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψῃ","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψῃ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψῃ","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"may cover over"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b13-l184","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἔδεισαν, ἑτοιμάσσαντο δὲ\n                  ταύρους.","translation":"So he spoke, and they were afraid, and made the bulls ready.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδεισαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδεισαν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were afraid"},{"surface":"ἑτοιμάσσαντο","lemma":"ἑτοιμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταύρους","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἑτοιμάσσαντο","gloss":"bulls"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b13-l185","source":"ὣς οἱ μέν ῥʼ εὔχοντο Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι","translation":"So these were praying to lord Poseidon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὔχοντο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were praying"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχοντο","gloss":"to Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord","note":"formulaic epithet ἄνακτι 'lord' appended to divine names in epic diction"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b13-l186","source":"δήμου Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες,","translation":"the leaders and counselors of the Phaeacian people,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμου","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δήμου","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"counselors","note":"ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες is a stock formula for the ruling elders in Homer"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b13-l187","source":"ἑσταότες περὶ βωμόν. ὁ δʼ ἔγρετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"standing round the altar. But noble Odysseus woke,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχοντο","gloss":"standing","note":"perfect participle of ἵστημι used with present force, 'standing' (state resulting from having stood up)"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"βωμόν","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔγρετο","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awoke"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος 'godlike/noble', standard Homeric epithet often paired with Ὀδυσσεύς"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b13-l188","source":"εὕδων ἐν γαίῃ πατρωΐῃ, οὐδέ μιν ἔγνω,","translation":"sleeping in his fatherland, and he did not know it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l188.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐδέ μιν ἔγνω","title":"Aorist, 'he did not recognize it'","body":"ἔγνω is aorist of γιγνώσκω, 'recognize, come to know.' The aorist marks the failed act of recognition: he did not, on waking, identify his own land."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδων","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔγρετο","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"πατρωΐῃ","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"his own fatherland","note":"πατρώιος 'of one's fathers', the poignant irony that he doesn't recognize his own homeland"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔγνω","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b13-l189","source":"ἤδη δὴν ἀπεών· περὶ γὰρ θεὸς ἠέρα χεῦε","translation":"having been long away; for a god had poured a mist about him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεών","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεών","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπεών","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"being away"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεῦε","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"χεῦε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"χέω 'pour', vivid image of Athena literally pouring mist to disguise the land"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b13-l190","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διός, ὄφρα μιν αὐτὸν","translation":"Pallas Athena, daughter of Zeus, so that she might make him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τεύξειεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b13-l191","source":"ἄγνωστον τεύξειεν ἕκαστά τε μυθήσαιτο,","translation":"unrecognizable and explain each thing to him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγνωστον","lemma":"ἄγνωστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τεύξειεν","gloss":"unrecognizable"},{"surface":"τεύξειεν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"might make","note":"aorist optative expressing purpose, 'so that she might make'"},{"surface":"ἕκαστά","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσαιτο","gloss":"each thing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μυθήσαιτο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"might tell"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b13-l192","source":"μή μιν πρὶν ἄλοχος γνοίη ἀστοί τε φίλοι τε,","translation":"that his wife and townsmen and friends might not know him first,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γνοίη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνοίη","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"γνοίη","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might recognize"},{"surface":"ἀστοί","lemma":"ἀστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"townsmen"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b13-l193","source":"πρὶν πᾶσαν μνηστῆρας ὑπερβασίην ἀποτῖσαι.","translation":"before the suitors should pay for all their transgression.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l193.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπερβασίην","title":"hyperbasiê, 'transgression'","body":"ὑπερβασίη is an 'overstepping,' the suitors' lawless violation of the bounds of guest-conduct and household. The word frames their punishment as just requital."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑπερβασίην","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποτῖσαι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερβασίην","lemma":"ὑπερβασία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτῖσαι","gloss":"transgression","note":"ὑπερβασίη 'overstepping', the epic's key word for the suitors' crime against guest-law"},{"surface":"ἀποτῖσαι","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"paid for"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b13-l194","source":"τοὔνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἀλλοειδέα φαινέσκετο πάντα ἄνακτι,","translation":"And so all things appeared strange to the lord,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκ","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαινέσκετο","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀλλοειδέα","lemma":"ἀλλοειδής","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"looking strange","note":"ἀλλοειδής 'of another appearance', Athena's disguise makes even native land unfamiliar"},{"surface":"φαινέσκετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared","note":"iterative -σκε form: 'kept appearing/seeming'"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φαινέσκετο","gloss":"to the lord"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b13-l195","source":"ἀτραπιτοί τε διηνεκέες λιμένες τε πάνορμοι","translation":"the long unbroken paths, the welcoming harbors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτραπιτοί","lemma":"ἀτραπός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διηνεκέες","lemma":"διηνεκής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀτραπιτοί","gloss":"long unbroken"},{"surface":"λιμένες","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"harbors"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάνορμοι","lemma":"πάνορμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμένες","gloss":"all-sheltering","note":"πάνορμος 'good for every mooring', a landscape epithet for safe harbors"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b13-l196","source":"πέτραι τʼ ἠλίβατοι καὶ δένδρεα τηλεθόωντα.","translation":"the sheer rocks, and the trees in their flourishing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτραι","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠλίβατοι","lemma":"ἠλίβατος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτραι","gloss":"sheer, steep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δένδρεα","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"τηλεθόωντα","lemma":"τηλεθάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies δένδρεα","gloss":"flourishing"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b13-l197","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀναΐξας καί ῥʼ εἴσιδε πατρίδα γαῖαν·","translation":"He sprang up and stood and looked at his fatherland;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"springing up","note":"aorist participle of ἀναίσσω, 'starting up' vividly frames the sudden main verb στῆ"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴσιδε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσιδε","gloss":"land","note":"πατρίδα γαῖαν 'fatherland' is a recurring Odyssey formula for Odysseus's longing for Ithaca"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b13-l198","source":"ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρ ἔπειτα καὶ ὣ πεπλήγετο μηρὼ","translation":"then he groaned, and struck both his thighs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤμωξέν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he groaned"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies μηρὼ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πεπλήγετο","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck","note":"reduplicated aorist middle πεπλήγετο 'kept striking himself' shows grief acted out on his own body"},{"surface":"μηρὼ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of πεπλήγετο","gloss":"thighs","note":"dual number μηρώ 'both thighs' — a distinct Greek form for exactly two, lost in English"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b13-l199","source":"χερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"with the flat of his hands, and lamenting he spoke a word:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγετο","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"καταπρηνέσσ","lemma":"καταπρηνής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ηὔδα, imperfect of αὐδάω, often introduces direct speech in Homer"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b13-l200","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγώ, τέων αὖτε βροτῶν ἐς γαῖαν ἱκάνω;","translation":"\"Oh, wretched me — to what land of mortals have I come this time?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me","note":"ὤ μοι ἐγώ 'woe is me' stacks pronoun forms for emotional emphasis, a stock lament formula"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τέων","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive plural pronoun","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now again"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have I come"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b13-l201","source":"ἦ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι,","translation":"Are they violent and savage and not just,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑβρισταί","lemma":"ὑβριστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγριοι","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"δίκαιοι","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just","note":"οὐδὲ δίκαιοι 'nor just' — Odysseus reflexively assesses any new people's hospitality/justice, a Homeric theme"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b13-l202","source":"ἦε φιλόξεινοι, καί σφιν νόος ἐστὶ θεουδής;","translation":"or hospitable, and is their mind god-fearing?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φιλόξεινοι","lemma":"φιλόξενος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hospitable"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεουδής","lemma":"θεουδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"god-fearing","note":"θεουδής 'god-fearing' epitomizes proper xenia (hospitality) — the moral yardstick Odysseus applies to strangers"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b13-l203","source":"πῇ δὴ χρήματα πολλὰ φέρω τάδε; πῇ τε καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"Where shall I carry all this treasure? And where shall I myself","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of φέρω","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρήματα","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρω","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρήματα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"φέρω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I carry"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies χρήματα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of πλάζομαι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b13-l204","source":"πλάζομαι; αἴθʼ ὄφελον μεῖναι παρὰ Φαιήκεσσιν","translation":"wander? Would that I had stayed there among the Phaeacians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζομαι","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I wander","note":"πλάζομαι 'I am driven off course, made to wander' — describes Odysseus's disoriented state on unfamiliar shores, not knowing where he has landed"},{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"ὄφελον","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ought to have"},{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελον","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσιν","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"Phaeacians"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b13-l205","source":"αὐτοῦ· ἐγὼ δέ κεν ἄλλον ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων","translation":"right there; and I might have gone to some other king of the mighty ones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεῖναι","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξικόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κεν + past indicative marks unreal past conditional 'might have gone,' a common epic irrealis construction"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐξικόμην","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέων","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλήων","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b13-l206","source":"ἐξικόμην, ὅς κέν μʼ ἐφίλει καὶ ἔπεμπε νέεσθαι.","translation":"who would have befriended me and sent me on my homeward way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξικόμην","lemma":"ἐξικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I reached"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐφίλει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"befriended"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔπεμπε","gloss":"to return home","note":"νέεσθαι 'to go home' — nostos, the Odyssey's central theme, packed into one infinitive"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b13-l207","source":"νῦν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ πῃ θέσθαι ἐπίσταμαι, οὐδὲ μὲν αὐτοῦ","translation":"But now I do not know where to put it, nor will I leave it","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπίσταμαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"object of θέσθαι","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"θέσθαι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίσταμαι","gloss":"to put"},{"surface":"ἐπίσταμαι","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know how","note":"ἐπίσταμαι governs the infinitive θέσθαι — 'I do not know how/where to put it'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καλλείψω","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b13-l208","source":"καλλείψω, μή πώς μοι ἕλωρ ἄλλοισι γένηται.","translation":"here, lest it somehow become spoil for others.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλλείψω","lemma":"καταλείβω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I leave behind"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spoil","note":"ἕλωρ 'plunder, prey' — a grim epic noun usually used of corpses becoming prey, here of treasure becoming loot"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of γένηται","gloss":"for others"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"become"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b13-l209","source":"ὢ πόποι, οὐκ ἄρα πάντα νοήμονες οὐδὲ δίκαιοι","translation":"Oh no — so they were not wholly wise, nor just,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas","note":"ὢ πόποι, a stock Homeric cry of shock/indignation, often opening a character's outburst"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"νοήμονες","lemma":"νοήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"δίκαιοι","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b13-l210","source":"ἦσαν Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες,","translation":"the leaders and counselors of the Phaeacians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"counselors","note":"ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες 'leaders and rulers' is a formulaic pairing for a people's chief men"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b13-l211","source":"οἵ μʼ εἰς ἄλλην γαῖαν ἀπήγαγον, ἦ τέ μʼ ἔφαντο","translation":"who carried me off to another land, though they said they would","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπήγαγον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄλλην","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἀπήγαγον","lemma":"ἀπάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄξειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔφαντο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"claimed","note":"ἔφαντο 'they said/claimed' introduces indirect speech continued by the infinitive ἄξειν in the next line"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b13-l212","source":"ἄξειν εἰς Ἰθάκην εὐδείελον, οὐδʼ ἐτέλεσσαν.","translation":"bring me to clear-skied Ithaca — and they did not do it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐδείελον","title":"Epithet of Ithaca, 'clear-seen'","body":"εὐδείελος, a standard epithet of Ithaca, suggests 'clear to view, sunlit, conspicuous.' Its exact sense was already debated in antiquity, but it evokes the bright far-seen island."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφαντο","gloss":"would bring"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"εὐδείελον","lemma":"εὐδείελος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"clear-skied","note":"εὐδείελος 'clear-seen/sunny' is Ithaca's standing Homeric epithet"},{"surface":"ἐτέλεσσαν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"they fulfilled"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b13-l213","source":"Ζεὺς σφέας τίσαιτο ἱκετήσιος, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους","translation":"May Zeus the protector of suppliants requite them — he who watches over","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίσαιτο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίσαιτο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τίσαιτο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may he requite","note":"optative τίσαιτο expresses a wish/curse — 'may Zeus punish them,' not a statement of fact"},{"surface":"ἱκετήσιος","lemma":"ἱκετήσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"of suppliants","note":"Ζεὺς ἱκετήσιος 'Zeus protector of suppliants' — Zeus's cult title guarding the sacred duty of hospitality"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b13-l214","source":"ἀνθρώπους ἐφορᾷ καὶ τίνυται ὅς τις ἁμάρτῃ.","translation":"other men too, and punishes whoever does wrong.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφορᾷ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐφορᾷ","lemma":"ἐφοράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"watches over"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τίνυται","lemma":"τίνυμαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"punishes"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἁμάρτῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἁμάρτῃ","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τίνυται","gloss":"does wrong"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b13-l215","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ τὰ χρήματʼ ἀριθμήσω καὶ ἴδωμαι,","translation":"But come now, let me count the treasure and look it over,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀριθμήσω, ἴδωμαι","title":"Subjunctives of resolve","body":"ἀριθμήσω and ἴδωμαι are aorist subjunctives in a self-exhortation ('let me count and see'). The construction shows Odysseus's mind turning practical even amid lament."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε, a fossilized imperative of ἄγω used as an exhortation particle, 'come!'"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies χρήματ᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χρήματ","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἀριθμήσω","lemma":"ἀριθμέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me count"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδωμαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me see"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b13-l216","source":"μή τί μοι οἴχωνται κοίλης ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγοντες.","translation":"in case they have gone off carrying something of mine in their hollow ship.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἄγοντες","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to οἴχωνται","gloss":"of mine"},{"surface":"οἴχωνται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"have gone off","note":"μή + subjunctive οἴχωνται expresses a fearful doubt, 'lest they have gone off'"},{"surface":"κοίλης","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχωνται","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b13-l217","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τρίποδας περικαλλέας ἠδὲ λέβητας","translation":"So saying, he counted the beautiful tripods and the cauldrons,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρίθμει","gloss":"speaking","note":"ὣς εἰπὼν 'so speaking' is a formulaic transition marking the end of a character's speech"},{"surface":"τρίποδας","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tripods"},{"surface":"περικαλλέας","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδας","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέβητας","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cauldrons"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b13-l218","source":"ἠρίθμει καὶ χρυσὸν ὑφαντά τε εἵματα καλά.","translation":"and the gold, and the fine woven garments.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠρίθμει","lemma":"ἀριθμέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"ὑφαντά","lemma":"ὑφαντός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"woven"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b13-l219","source":"τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ ὀύ τι πόθει· ὁ δʼ ὀδύρετο πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"Of these he found nothing missing; but he wept for his fatherland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόθει","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀύ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πόθει","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πόθει","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed","note":"οὔ τι πόθει 'he missed nothing' — relief about the goods sets up the contrast with his real grief for home"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀδύρετο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lamented"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b13-l220","source":"ἑρπύζων παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης,","translation":"creeping along the shore of the loud-roaring sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης","title":"Epithet, 'loud-roaring sea'","body":"πολύφλοισβος, 'much-roaring, loud-resounding,' is a formulaic epithet of the sea, capturing the constant crash of surf on the shore."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑρπύζων","lemma":"ἑρπύζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"creeping","note":"ἑρπύζων 'crawling/creeping' vividly shows Odysseus's grief-stricken, aimless movement along the shore"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"πολυφλοίσβοιο","lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"loud-roaring","note":"πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης 'loud-roaring sea' is a stock Homeric epithet for the sea's sound"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b13-l221","source":"πόλλʼ ὀλοφυρόμενος. σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦλθεν Ἀθήνη,","translation":"lamenting bitterly. And Athena came near to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφυρόμενος","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"σχεδόθεν","lemma":"σχεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Athena","note":"Athena's sudden approach disguised as a young herdsman begins one of the poem's key divine-disguise scenes"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b13-l222","source":"ἀνδρὶ δέμας εἰκυῖα νέῳ, ἐπιβώτορι μήλων,","translation":"in form like a young man, a herdsman of sheep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπιβώτορι μήλων","title":"shepherd of flocks","body":"Athena disguises herself as a young herdsman tending sheep. This is the first of her shape-shiftings in the homecoming, testing Odysseus before revealing herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰκυῖα","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἰκυῖα","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"εἰκυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"resembling","note":"δέμας εἰκυῖα 'like in form' is the standard formula introducing a god's disguise as a mortal"},{"surface":"νέῳ","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἐπιβώτορι","lemma":"ἐπιβώτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπιβώτορι","gloss":"of sheep"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b13-l223","source":"παναπάλῳ, οἷοί τε ἀνάκτων παῖδες ἔασι,","translation":"delicate as the sons of lords are,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παναπάλῳ","lemma":"πανάπαλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"οἷοί","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀνάκτων","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"of lords"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"are","note":"οἷοί τε...ἔασι 'such as sons of lords are' — a comparison formula marking the disguise's fine, noble bearing"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b13-l224","source":"δίπτυχον ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχουσʼ εὐεργέα λώπην·","translation":"wearing a well-made cloak doubled over her shoulders;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίπτυχον","lemma":"δίπτυχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώπην","gloss":"doubled"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἔχουσ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"εὐεργέα","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώπην","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"λώπην","lemma":"λώπη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσ᾽","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b13-l225","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσι πέδιλʼ ἔχε, χερσὶ δʼ ἄκοντα.","translation":"she had sandals on her shining feet, and a javelin in her hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"on feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under","note":"ὑπὸ ποσσὶ λιπαροῖσι, 'under her shining feet' — the preposition ὑπὸ is postponed after its noun ποσσὶ (anastrophe/hyperbaton), not a tmesis split of a compound verb"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσι","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"πέδιλ","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"sandals"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she had","note":"imperfect ἔχε: ongoing state, 'she was wearing/holding'"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in hands"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκοντα","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a javelin"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b13-l226","source":"τὴν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς γήθησεν ἰδὼν καὶ ἐναντίος ἦλθε,","translation":"Odysseus was glad when he saw her and came to meet her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησεν","gloss":"seeing","note":"aorist participle ἰδὼν: 'having seen' precedes/causes γήθησεν, not simultaneous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίος","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face to face","note":"ἐναντίος describes Odysseus' posture as he approaches, not the goddess"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b13-l227","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking he addressed to her winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l227.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"winged words formula","body":"This recurring epithet-phrase marks the start of direct speech; the words 'fly' from speaker to hearer. It is a standard Homeric formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the stock Homeric formula for spoken words, repeated at l253"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b13-l228","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω τῷδʼ ἐνὶ χώρῳ,","translation":"\"Friend, since you are the first I meet in this place,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"vocative φίλ(ε) with elided ε; head noun implied, address form"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κιχάνω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κιχάνω","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κιχάνω","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"I meet"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χώρῳ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χώρῳ","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b13-l229","source":"χαῖρέ τε καὶ μή μοί τι κακῷ νόῳ ἀντιβολήσαις,","translation":"greetings, and may you not meet me with any ill intent,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρέ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"greetings","note":"imperative χαῖρε used as a greeting formula, 'hail'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντιβολήσαις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀντιβολήσαις","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόῳ","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντιβολήσαις","gloss":"intent"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολήσαις","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you meet","note":"aorist optative of wish: μή + optative = polite negative wish, 'may you not...'"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b13-l230","source":"ἀλλὰ σάω μὲν ταῦτα, σάω δʼ ἐμέ· σοὶ γὰρ ἐγώ γε","translation":"but save these things and save me too; for to you I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σάω","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of σάω","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"σάω","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"save","note":"σάω repeated for emphasis, imperative of σώζω governing two objects in turn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σάω","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b13-l231","source":"εὔχομαι ὥς τε θεῷ καί σευ φίλα γούναθʼ ἱκάνω.","translation":"pray as to a god, and I come to your dear knees.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I pray","note":"εὔχομαι here means 'pray/appeal to', governing θεῷ as if to a god"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies γούναθ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούναθ᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"knees","note":"γούνατα ἱκάνω, 'come to your knees' — the formal gesture of a suppliant"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b13-l232","source":"καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ·","translation":"And tell me this truly, so that I may know it well:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῶ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"perfect subjunctive εἰδῶ from οἶδα has present sense: 'know', not 'have known'"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b13-l233","source":"τίς γῆ, τίς δῆμος, τίνες ἀνέρες ἐγγεγάασιν;","translation":"what land, what people, what men are born here?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γῆ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"γῆ","lemma":"γῆ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δῆμος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δῆμος","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγγεγάασιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐγγεγάασιν","lemma":"ἐγγίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are born","note":"perfect ἐγγεγάασιν, 'have been born (and so now are)' — epic perfect form of γίγνομαι"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b13-l234","source":"ἦ πού τις νήσων εὐδείελος, ἦέ τις ἀκτὴ","translation":"Is this some sunny island, or is it a headland","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"is it","note":"ἦ...ἦέ sets up an either/or question, 'is it... or is it...'"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"νήσων","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of islands"},{"surface":"εὐδείελος","lemma":"εὐδείελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"sunny"},{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀκτὴ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀκτὴ","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κεῖθ᾽","gloss":"headland"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b13-l235","source":"κεῖθʼ ἁλὶ κεκλιμένη ἐριβώλακος ἠπείροιο;","translation":"of the rich-soiled mainland, sloping down to the sea?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἁλὶ","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένη","gloss":"to sea"},{"surface":"κεκλιμένη","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κεῖθ᾽","gloss":"sloping","note":"perfect participle κεκλιμένη, 'having leaned/sloped' — a lasting posture, of land toward sea"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακος","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠπείροιο","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀκτὴ","gloss":"mainland"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b13-l236","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess gray-eyed Athena answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l236.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"gray-eyed Athena","body":"A fixed epithet for the goddess, glaukopis suggesting bright, gleaming, or owl-like eyes. Such name-plus-epithet formulas fill the metrical line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed Homeric epithet"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b13-l237","source":"νήπιός εἰς, ὦ ξεῖνʼ, ἢ τηλόθεν εἰλήλουθας,","translation":"\"You are a fool, stranger, or you have come from far away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιός","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foolish","note":"predicate adjective νήπιος: 'you are a fool', Athena's teasing rebuke in disguise"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθας","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come","note":"perfect εἰλήλουθας from ἔρχομαι, epic reduplicated perfect stem"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b13-l238","source":"εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαι. οὐδέ τι λίην","translation":"if indeed you ask about this land. It is not at all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τήνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνείρεαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἀνείρεαι","lemma":"ἀνέρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you ask about"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"too much"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b13-l239","source":"οὕτω νώνυμός ἐστιν· ἴσασι δέ μιν μάλα πολλοί,","translation":"so nameless as that; very many know it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νώνυμός","lemma":"νώνυμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"ἴσασι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know","note":"ἴσασι, perfect-as-present of οἶδα, 'they know' (not 'have known')"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσασι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴσασι","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b13-l240","source":"ἠμὲν ὅσοι ναίουσι πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε,","translation":"both those who dwell toward the dawn and the sun,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ναίουσι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ναίουσι","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιόν","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"sun","note":"πρὸς ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε, formulaic pairing for 'toward the east'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b13-l241","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι μετόπισθε ποτὶ ζόφον ἠερόεντα.","translation":"and those behind, toward the murky dark.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ζόφον","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἠερόεντα","lemma":"ἠερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζόφον","gloss":"murky","note":"ζόφον ἠερόεντα, 'murky dark' = the west, opposite of dawn/sun in l240"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b13-l242","source":"ἦ τοι μὲν τρηχεῖα καὶ οὐχ ἱππήλατός ἐστιν,","translation":"It is rugged, indeed, and not fit for driving horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρηχεῖα","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἱππήλατός","lemma":"ἱππήλατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fit for horses"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b13-l243","source":"οὐδὲ λίην λυπρή, ἀτὰρ οὐδʼ εὐρεῖα τέτυκται.","translation":"yet not too poor, though it is not made broad either.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"λυπρή","lemma":"λυπρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of τέτυκται","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is made"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b13-l244","source":"ἐν μὲν γάρ οἱ σῖτος ἀθέσφατος, ἐν δέ τε οἶνος","translation":"For in it grain grows beyond telling, and in it wine","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"it","note":"dative οἱ 'in it', referring to the land, resumed by ἐν...ἐν anaphora"},{"surface":"σῖτος","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"ἀθέσφατος","lemma":"ἀθέσφατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σῖτος","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"and in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b13-l245","source":"γίγνεται· αἰεὶ δʼ ὄμβρος ἔχει τεθαλυῖά τʼ ἐέρση·","translation":"comes; always there is rain on it, and flourishing dew;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄμβρος","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds","note":"ἔχει here means 'holds/keeps', i.e. 'there is constantly rain' — not literal possession"},{"surface":"τεθαλυῖά","lemma":"θάλλω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἐέρση","gloss":"flourishing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐέρση","lemma":"ἔρσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"dew"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b13-l246","source":"αἰγίβοτος δʼ ἀγαθὴ καὶ βούβοτος· ἔστι μὲν ὕλη","translation":"it is good for grazing goats and grazing cattle; there is timber","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰγίβοτος","lemma":"αἰγίβοτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good for goats"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίβοτος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βούβοτος","lemma":"βούβοτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good for cattle","note":"αἰγίβοτος/βούβοτος: compound adjectives 'goat-grazed'/'ox-grazed', vivid pastoral vocabulary"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"timber"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b13-l247","source":"παντοίη, ἐν δʼ ἀρδμοὶ ἐπηετανοὶ παρέασι.","translation":"of every kind, and watering places that never fail.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίη","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλη","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"and in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρδμοὶ","lemma":"ἀρδμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέασι","gloss":"watering places"},{"surface":"ἐπηετανοὶ","lemma":"ἐπηετανός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρδμοὶ","gloss":"never-failing"},{"surface":"παρέασι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are present"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b13-l248","source":"τῷ τοι, ξεῖνʼ, Ἰθάκης γε καὶ ἐς Τροίην ὄνομʼ ἵκει,","translation":"So, stranger, the name of Ithaca has reached even to Troy,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκει","gloss":"so","note":"dative τῷ used adverbially, 'thus/therefore'"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄνομ᾽","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has reached"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b13-l249","source":"τήν περ τηλοῦ φασὶν Ἀχαιΐδος ἔμμεναι αἴης.","translation":"which they say is far off from the land of Achaea.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"φασὶν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τροίην","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδος","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"of Achaea"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασὶν","gloss":"to be","note":"infinitive ἔμμεναι (epic form of εἶναι) in indirect statement after φασὶν"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλοῦ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b13-l250","source":"ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So she spoke, and much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"much-enduring noble Odysseus","body":"One of the hero's signature epithet clusters, naming his defining trait of endurance through suffering. It recurs throughout the poem as a full metrical unit."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b13-l251","source":"χαίρων ᾗ γαίῃ πατρωΐῃ, ὥς οἱ ἔειπε","translation":"glad in his fatherland, as it was told to him by","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησεν","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive adjective ᾗ (from ἑός), 'his own', reflexive since subject and possessor match"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χαίρων","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"πατρωΐῃ","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"told"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b13-l252","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διὸς, αἰγιόχοιο·","translation":"Pallas Athena, daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγιόχοιο, fixed epithet of Zeus, 'holder of the aegis'"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b13-l253","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking he addressed to her winged words —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"repeats the l227 formula verbatim, marking a matched speech-frame"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b13-l254","source":"οὐδʼ ὅ γʼ ἀληθέα εἶπε, πάλιν δʼ ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον,","translation":"yet he did not speak the truth, but checked the word again,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l254.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πάλιν δʼ ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον","title":"he took back his word","body":"Odysseus literally 'seized his speech back', i.e. suppressed the true account and substituted a lie. This marks the start of one of his famous false tales."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"he","note":"ὅ γ᾽ = 'he, that one' — Homeric demonstrative used as personal pronoun."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀληθέα","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"back, again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"checked, held back","note":"λάζομαι here = 'seize/hold back' a word, i.e. suppress speech."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"word, tale"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b13-l255","source":"αἰεὶ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι νόον πολυκερδέα νωμῶν·","translation":"always plying in his breast a mind full of cunning gain:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νωμῶν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in his breast","note":"στήθεσσι, Homeric -εσσι dative plural ending (not Attic -εσι)."},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νωμῶν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"πολυκερδέα","lemma":"πολυκερδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"full of cunning","note":"πολυκερδής, a compound epithet ('much-gainful') marking Odysseus' craftiness."},{"surface":"νωμῶν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"plying, turning"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b13-l256","source":"πυνθανόμην Ἰθάκης γε καὶ ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ,","translation":"\"I heard of Ithaca even in broad Crete,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυνθανόμην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I heard of"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πυνθανόμην","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Κρήτῃ","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in Crete"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρήτῃ","gloss":"broad","note":"εὐρύς 'broad, wide' is a stock Homeric epithet regularly paired with place names like Crete."}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b13-l257","source":"τηλοῦ ὑπὲρ πόντου· νῦν δʼ εἰλήλουθα καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"far off across the sea; and now I have come myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πυνθανόμην","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"πόντου","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come","note":"εἰλήλουθα, reduplicated perfect of ἔρχομαι — stresses the completed state of 'having arrived'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b13-l258","source":"χρήμασι σὺν τοίσδεσσι· λιπὼν δʼ ἔτι παισὶ τοσαῦτα","translation":"with these goods; and leaving as much again for my children","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρήμασι","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"with goods"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τοίσδεσσι","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies χρήμασι","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φεύγω","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιπὼν","gloss":"still, yet"},{"surface":"παισὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"for my children"},{"surface":"τοσαῦτα","lemma":"τοσοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"as much again"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b13-l259","source":"φεύγω, ἐπεὶ φίλον υἷα κατέκτανον Ἰδομενῆος,","translation":"I flee, since I killed the dear son of Idomeneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγω","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I flee","note":"Fictional Odysseus, still in disguise, spins this false Cretan backstory for the stranger he meets — he does not yet know it is Athena in disguise."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἷα","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κατέκτανον","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I killed"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷα","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b13-l260","source":"Ὀρσίλοχον πόδας ὠκύν, ὃς ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ","translation":"Orsilochus, swift of foot, who in broad Crete","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀρσίλοχον","lemma":"Ὀρσίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Orsilochus"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκύν","gloss":"in feet"},{"surface":"ὠκύν","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρσίλοχον","gloss":"swift","note":"πόδας ὠκύν, accusative of respect: 'swift with regard to his feet.'"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νίκα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Κρήτῃ","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in Crete"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρήτῃ","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b13-l261","source":"ἀνέρας ἀλφηστὰς νίκα ταχέεσσι πόδεσσιν,","translation":"outran in speed of foot all men who live by bread,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l261.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνέρας ἀλφηστὰς","title":"bread-eating men","body":"Alphestai, 'grain-getting' or 'bread-winning', is a Homeric way of saying mortal humankind, who live by working for food. It marks Orsilochus as fastest among ordinary men."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νίκα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀλφηστὰς","lemma":"ἀλφηστής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"bread-eating","note":"ἀλφηστής 'bread-eating' is a Homeric epithet distinguishing mortal men from gods/animals."},{"surface":"νίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὀρσίλοχον","gloss":"outran"},{"surface":"ταχέεσσι","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδεσσιν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νίκα","gloss":"in feet"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b13-l262","source":"οὕνεκά με στερέσαι τῆς ληΐδος ἤθελε πάσης","translation":"because he wished to rob me of all that plunder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of στερέσαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"στερέσαι","lemma":"στερέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to rob"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies ληΐδος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ληΐδος","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of στερέσαι","gloss":"plunder"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκά","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ληΐδος","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b13-l263","source":"Τρωϊάδος, τῆς εἵνεκʼ ἐγὼ πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ,","translation":"from Troy, for which I suffered pains in my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"εἵνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of","note":"εἵνεκα, epic lengthened form of ἕνεκα, governing the genitive τῆς."},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάθον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πάθον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ληΐδος","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάθον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάθον","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b13-l264","source":"ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων,","translation":"passing through the wars of men and the grievous waves,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πτολέμους","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμους","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινά","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"πείρων","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάθον","gloss":"passing through","note":"πείρω 'pierce/pass through' vividly frames both war and sea-crossing as things physically traversed."}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b13-l265","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ οὐχ ᾧ πατρὶ χαριζόμενος θεράπευον","translation":"because I would not serve his father as a follower,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"his own","note":"ᾧ = possessive ἑός, 'his own (father)' — reflexive possessive adjective, epic form."},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χαριζόμενος","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"χαριζόμενος","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θεράπευον","gloss":"showing favor to"},{"surface":"θεράπευον","lemma":"θεραπεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"served"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b13-l266","source":"δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων, ἀλλʼ ἄλλων ἦρχον ἑταίρων.","translation":"in the land of the Trojans, but led other comrades of my own.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in the land"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἦρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχον","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b13-l267","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ κατιόντα βάλον χαλκήρεϊ δουρὶ","translation":"Him I struck with my bronze-tipped spear as he came in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κατιόντα","lemma":"κάτειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming in"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεϊ","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"bronze-tipped","note":"χαλκήρης, compound epithet 'fitted with bronze' — formulaic weapon description."},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλον","gloss":"with spear"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b13-l268","source":"ἀγρόθεν, ἐγγὺς ὁδοῖο λοχησάμενος σὺν ἑταίρῳ·","translation":"from the field, lying in ambush near the road with a comrade;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρόθεν","lemma":"ἀγρόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κατιόντα","gloss":"from the field"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"of the road"},{"surface":"λοχησάμενος","lemma":"λοχάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλον","gloss":"lying in ambush"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b13-l269","source":"νὺξ δὲ μάλα δνοφερὴ κάτεχʼ οὐρανόν, οὐδέ τις ἡμέας","translation":"very dark night held the sky, and none of men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κάτεχ᾽","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δνοφερὴ","lemma":"δνοφερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"dark","note":"δνοφερός, a rare poetic word for gloom, reinforcing the concealment of the ambush."},{"surface":"κάτεχ","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held, covered"},{"surface":"οὐρανόν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάτεχ᾽","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b13-l270","source":"ἀνθρώπων ἐνόησε, λάθον δέ ἑ θυμὸν ἀπούρας.","translation":"noticed us, and I escaped notice in taking his life.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l270.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λάθον δέ ἑ θυμὸν ἀπούρας","title":"I escaped notice in killing","body":"The participle 'taking away (his) life' completes the main verb 'I escaped notice'; Greek often pairs lanthano with a participle to mean 'do X secretly'. Here it stresses the murder went unseen."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"λάθον","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice","note":"λάθον...ἀπούρας: 'I escaped notice while taking (his life)' — λανθάνω + participle, a classic Greek idiom for doing something unnoticed."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπούρας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπούρας","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάθον","gloss":"taking away"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b13-l271","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε κατέκτανον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"But after I had killed him with the sharp bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"after, when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέκτανον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέκτανον","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέκτανον","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b13-l272","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆα κιὼν Φοίνικας ἀγαυοὺς","translation":"at once I went to a ship and begged the noble Phoenicians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλλισάμην","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλλισάμην","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"Φοίνικας","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλλισάμην","gloss":"Phoenicians"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὺς","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοίνικας","gloss":"noble","note":"ἀγαυός, standard heroic epithet 'noble, illustrious' applied to peoples as well as individuals."}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b13-l273","source":"ἐλλισάμην, καί σφιν μενοεικέα ληΐδα δῶκα·","translation":"and gave them spoil to their hearts' content;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλλισάμην","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begged, besought"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκα","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ληΐδα","gloss":"heart-satisfying","note":"μενοεικής 'satisfying to one's spirit' — a generous-quantity epithet often used of gifts/food."},{"surface":"ληΐδα","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῶκα","gloss":"spoil, plunder"},{"surface":"δῶκα","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b13-l274","source":"τούς μʼ ἐκέλευσα Πύλονδε καταστῆσαι καὶ ἐφέσσαι","translation":"I asked them to take me on board and set me down at Pylos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked, urged"},{"surface":"Πύλονδε","lemma":"πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"to Pylos","note":"Πύλονδε: directional -δε suffix on a place name, 'to/toward Pylos' — no preposition needed."},{"surface":"καταστῆσαι","lemma":"καθίστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to set down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφέσσαι","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to seat me aboard"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b13-l275","source":"ἢ εἰς Ἤλιδα δῖαν, ὅθι κρατέουσιν Ἐπειοί.","translation":"or in noble Elis, where the Epeans hold sway.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδα","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἤλιδα","gloss":"noble, divine"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρατέουσιν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κρατέουσιν","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἤλιδα","gloss":"hold sway"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοί","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κρατέουσιν","gloss":"the Epeans"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b13-l276","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι σφέας κεῖθεν ἀπώσατο ἲς ἀνέμοιο","translation":"But the force of the wind drove them away from there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed, you know"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπώσατο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώσατο","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἀπώσατο","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove away, thrust back"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπώσατο","gloss":"force, might","note":"ἴς 'force, might' personifies the wind's strength as subject of the verb."},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of the wind"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b13-l277","source":"πόλλʼ ἀεκαζομένους, οὐδʼ ἤθελον ἐξαπατῆσαι.","translation":"much against their will; they did not mean to cheat me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀεκαζομένους","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἀεκαζομένους","lemma":"ἀεκαζόμενος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling","note":"ἀεκαζόμενος 'against one's will' — the Phoenicians did not mean to abandon the speaker at Ithaca; explains the (false) plot excuse."},{"surface":"ἤθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished, meant"},{"surface":"ἐξαπατῆσαι","lemma":"ἐξαπατάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελον","gloss":"to deceive"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b13-l278","source":"κεῖθεν δὲ πλαγχθέντες ἱκάνομεν ἐνθάδε νυκτός.","translation":"Driven off course from there we came here by night.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλαγχθέντες","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλαγχθέντες","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνομεν","gloss":"driven off course"},{"surface":"ἱκάνομεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we came"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκάνομεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νυκτός","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνομεν","gloss":"by night"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b13-l279","source":"σπουδῇ δʼ ἐς λιμένα προερέσσαμεν, οὐδέ τις ἡμῖν","translation":"With effort we rowed into the harbor, and none of us","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προερέσσαμεν","gloss":"with effort, haste"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"λιμένα","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"προερέσσαμεν","lemma":"προερέσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rowed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μνῆστις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔην","gloss":"for us"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b13-l280","source":"δόρπου μνῆστις ἔην, μάλα περ χατέουσιν ἑλέσθαι,","translation":"had a thought of supper, though we badly needed to take it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπου","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μνῆστις","gloss":"of supper"},{"surface":"μνῆστις","lemma":"μνῆστις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"thought, memory","note":"μνῆστις 'remembrance/thought of' + genitive — idiom for 'give thought to (supper)', negated here."},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χατέουσιν","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"χατέουσιν","lemma":"χατέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"needing, craving"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of χατέουσιν","gloss":"to take"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b13-l281","source":"ἀλλʼ αὔτως ἀποβάντες ἐκείμεθα νηὸς ἅπαντες.","translation":"but just as we were we all stepped ashore and lay down.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκείμεθα","gloss":"just as we were","note":"αὔτως 'just so, without more ado' — exhaustion overrides the usual meal before rest."},{"surface":"ἀποβάντες","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκείμεθα","gloss":"stepping ashore"},{"surface":"ἐκείμεθα","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποβάντες","gloss":"from the ship"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐκείμεθα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b13-l282","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἐπήλυθε κεκμηῶτα,","translation":"There sweet sleep came over me in my weariness,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"me","note":"Accusative object of 'came over'; emphatic first-person pronoun form."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated marker)"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"sleep","note":"Subject noun; sleep personified as an agent that 'comes over' the sleeper."},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came over"},{"surface":"κεκμηῶτα","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wearied","note":"Perfect participle: state resulting from exertion, describing 'me' as already worn out."}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b13-l283","source":"οἱ δὲ χρήματʼ ἐμὰ γλαφυρῆς ἐκ νηὸς ἑλόντες","translation":"and they, taking my goods out of the hollow ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρήματ","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρήματ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow","note":"Stock Homeric epithet for a ship, describing its curved hull shape."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b13-l284","source":"κάτθεσαν, ἔνθα περ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ ψαμάθοισιν ἐκείμην.","translation":"set them down where I myself lay upon the sand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down","note":"Compound of κατά + τίθημι, 'put down'; governs the goods taken in the prior line."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκείμην","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοισιν","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sands","note":"Dative plural of place, 'on the sands', governed by the preposition ἐπὶ."},{"surface":"ἐκείμην","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"I lay","note":"Imperfect of κεῖμαι, a stative verb: 'was lying', describing ongoing position, not an action."}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b13-l285","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐς Σιδονίην εὖ ναιομένην ἀναβάντες","translation":"Then they went aboard and sailed to well-settled Sidonia,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχοντ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σιδονίην","lemma":"Σιδόνιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"Sidonia","note":"Adjective used as place name, 'Sidonian (land)', referring to Phoenicia."},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιομένην","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιομένην","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies","gloss":"settled","note":"Present passive participle 'being settled/inhabited', standard formulaic epithet for a city/land."},{"surface":"ἀναβάντες","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχοντ᾽","gloss":"boarding","note":"Aorist participle 'having gone aboard', describing action prior to the main verb 'departed'."}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b13-l286","source":"ᾤχοντʼ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ λιπόμην ἀκαχήμενος ἦτορ.","translation":"and departed; but I was left behind, grieving in my heart.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχοντ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed","note":"οἴχομαι in the imperfect conveys 'were gone/departing', the ship's crew sailing off."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λιπόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"λιπόμην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λιπόμην","gloss":"grieving","note":"Perfect passive participle with accusative of respect (ἦτορ): 'grieved in heart'."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b13-l287","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess gray-eyed Athena smiled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"Fixed Homeric epithet of Athena, γλαυκῶπις, always paired with her name."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"ʼἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b13-l288","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξε· δέμας δʼ ἤϊκτο γυναικὶ","translation":"and stroked him with her hand; and she took the form of a woman","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέρεξε","gloss":"with hand"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρεξε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέρεξε","lemma":"καταρρέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stroked","note":"Rare Homeric verb καταρρέζω, 'caress/stroke gently', a gesture of affection."},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤϊκτο","gloss":"form","note":"Accusative of respect: 'in form/shape', specifying what part of her Athena changed."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊκτο","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"resembled","note":"Pluperfect of ἔοικα, 'had come to look like', describing her transformed appearance."},{"surface":"γυναικὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤϊκτο","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b13-l289","source":"καλῇ τε μεγάλῃ τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ ἔργα ἰδυίῃ·","translation":"beautiful and tall and skilled in glorious handiwork;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδυίῃ","gloss":"works","note":"Accusative object of 'knowing', a Greek idiom: 'skilled in works' = skilled at handiwork."},{"surface":"ἰδυίῃ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"skilled in","note":"Perfect participle of οἶδα ('know'), here meaning 'knowing/skilled', governing ἔργα."}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b13-l290","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking she addressed to him winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"Homeric formula 'winged words' (ἔπεα πτερόεντα), signaling direct speech is about to begin."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b13-l291","source":"κερδαλέος κʼ εἴη καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ὅς σε\n                     παρέλθοι","translation":"\"Cunning he would have to be, and a thief, who could get past you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κερδαλέος","lemma":"κερδαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cunning","note":"Predicate adjective: 'he would be cunning', describing the hypothetical thief who could deceive Odysseus."},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)","note":"κε/ἄν marks potential mood with the optative εἴη, 'would have to be'."},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκλοπος","lemma":"ἐπίκλοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέλθοι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρέλθοι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"παρέλθοι","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"could get past","note":"Aorist optative expressing potential: 'could slip past you', i.e. deceive you."}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b13-l292","source":"ἐν πάντεσσι δόλοισι, καὶ εἰ θεὸς ἀντιάσειε.","translation":"in all manner of tricks, even if a god should match against you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλοισι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δόλοισι","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"tricks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀντιάσειε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσειε","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should meet","note":"Aorist optative in a hypothetical 'even if' clause: 'should encounter/match you'."}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b13-l293","source":"σχέτλιε, ποικιλομῆτα, δόλων ἆτʼ, οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλες,","translation":"Reckless one, weaver of schemes, insatiable in guile, not even","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l293.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποικιλομῆτα","title":"weaver of intricate schemes","body":"Poikilometis describes a mind of 'many-colored' or intricate cunning, an epithet fitting Odysseus precisely. Athena praises the very deceit she has just caught him in."}],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιε","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"reckless one","note":"Vocative of address; Athena teasingly calls Odysseus 'reckless' for trying to deceive a god."},{"surface":"ποικιλομῆτα","lemma":"ποικιλομήτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"schemer","note":"Vocative compound epithet, 'of shifting wiles', a title uniquely fitting Odysseus."},{"surface":"δόλων","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἆτ᾽","gloss":"of tricks"},{"surface":"ἆτ","lemma":"ἄατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"insatiable","note":"Vocative adjective 'never sated (of tricks)', continuing the string of epithets for Odysseus."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμελλες","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were about to"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b13-l294","source":"οὐδʼ ἐν σῇ περ ἐὼν γαίῃ, λήξειν ἀπατάων","translation":"in your own land were you going to leave off your deceits","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even though","note":"Concessive πέρ: 'even being in your own land', stressing the irony that he still deceives at home."},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλες","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"λήξειν","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλες","gloss":"to cease","note":"Future infinitive after 'were about to', expressing intended/expected future action."},{"surface":"ἀπατάων","lemma":"ἀπάτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"deceits"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b13-l295","source":"μύθων τε κλοπίων, οἵ τοι πεδόθεν φίλοι εἰσίν.","translation":"and thievish tales, which are dear to you from the depths of your heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tales"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλοπίων","lemma":"κλόπιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθων","gloss":"thievish"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσίν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἰσίν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πεδόθεν","lemma":"πεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσίν","gloss":"from the depths","note":"πεδόθεν, 'from the foundation/depths', vivid Homeric adverb meaning 'deep-rooted'."},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"εἰσίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b13-l296","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα, εἰδότες ἄμφω","translation":"But come, let us speak no more of this, for we both know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come","note":"Fossilized imperative particle ἄγε, 'come now', used to introduce an exhortation."},{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λεγώμεθα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"λεγώμεθα","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us speak","note":"Hortatory subjunctive, 1st plural: 'let us not speak', a self-inclusive command."},{"surface":"εἰδότες","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both","note":"Dual number ἄμφω, 'both (of us)', marking Odysseus and Athena as a pair sharing the same skill."}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b13-l297","source":"κέρδεʼ, ἐπεὶ σὺ μέν ἐσσι βροτῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἁπάντων","translation":"cunning ways, since you are far the best of all mortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέρδε","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδότες","gloss":"cunning ways"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far","note":"Adverb ὄχα intensifying the superlative ἄριστος: 'far the best'."},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b13-l298","source":"βουλῇ καὶ μύθοισιν, ἐγὼ δʼ ἐν πᾶσι θεοῖσι","translation":"in counsel and in speech, while I among all the gods","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in speech"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κλέομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gods","note":"Dative plural governed by ἐν, setting up Athena's claim to fame among the gods (next line)."}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b13-l299","source":"μήτι τε κλέομαι καὶ κέρδεσιν· οὐδὲ σύ γʼ ἔγνως","translation":"am famed for wit and for cunning. And yet you did not recognize","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτι","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for wit","note":"Dative of respect: 'famed for wit', the quality by which Athena is renowned."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλέομαι","lemma":"κλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"am famed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέρδεσιν","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for cunning"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔγνως","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"Intensifying particle γε underscoring the contrast: 'yet you, of all people, did not recognize'."},{"surface":"ἔγνως","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b13-l300","source":"Παλλάδʼ Ἀθηναίην, κούρην Διός, ἥ τέ τοι αἰεὶ","translation":"Pallas Athena, daughter of Zeus, who always","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλάδ","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίην","gloss":"Pallas","note":"Cult-title of Athena, regularly paired with her name as a fixed epithet."},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρίσταμαι","gloss":"you","note":"Dative object continuing into next line's verb 'stands by' (παρίσταμαι)."},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b13-l301","source":"ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι παρίσταμαι ἠδὲ φυλάσσω,","translation":"stands by your side in all your toils and guards you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνοισι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πόνοισι","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"toils"},{"surface":"παρίσταμαι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"stands by","note":"Present middle 'I stand beside/support', Athena's habitual protective role stated in first person."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυλάσσω","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"guard"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b13-l302","source":"καὶ δέ σε Φαιήκεσσι φίλον πάντεσσιν ἔθηκα,","translation":"and who made you dear to all the Phaeacians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλον","gloss":"to Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκα","gloss":"dear","note":"Predicate accusative complement of ἔθηκα: 'made you dear', double-accusative construction."},{"surface":"πάντεσσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἔθηκα","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"made"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b13-l303","source":"νῦν αὖ δεῦρʼ ἱκόμην, ἵνα τοι σὺν μῆτιν ὑφήνω","translation":"Now again I have come here, to weave a plan with you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκόμην","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκόμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑφήνω","gloss":"a plan"},{"surface":"ὑφήνω","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"weave","note":"Aorist subjunctive of ὑφαίνω, 'weave', a favorite Homeric metaphor for devising a scheme."}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b13-l304","source":"χρήματά τε κρύψω, ὅσα τοι Φαίηκες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"and to hide the goods which the noble Phaeacians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρήματά","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κρύψω","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρύψω","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"hide","note":"Aorist subjunctive continuing the purpose clause begun with 'weave a plan'."},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὤπασαν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὤπασαν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤπασαν","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b13-l305","source":"ὤπασαν οἴκαδʼ ἰόντι ἐμῇ βουλῇ τε νόῳ τε,","translation":"gave you on your way home through my counsel and design,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤπασαν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χρήματά","gloss":"gave","note":"Aorist verb whose subject is 'noble Phaeacians' from the previous line, describing the gifts given."},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐμῇ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλῇ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"design"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b13-l306","source":"εἴπω θʼ ὅσσα τοι αἶσα δόμοις ἔνι ποιητοῖσι","translation":"and to tell you all the troubles you are fated to bear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"tell","note":"Aorist subjunctive continuing Athena's list of purposes: 'and that I may tell'."},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"Αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate","note":"Personified Αἶσα, 'destiny/fate', predicate noun naming what awaits Odysseus in his house."},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in house"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖσι","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοις","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b13-l307","source":"κήδεʼ ἀνασχέσθαι· σὺ δὲ τετλάμεναι καὶ ἀνάγκῃ,","translation":"in your well-built house; and you must endure, even under compulsion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l307.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετλάμεναι","title":"endure! (infinitive as command)","body":"This perfect infinitive of tlao is used with imperative force, 'you must hold out'. Athena urges Odysseus to bear what is coming in silence."}],"words":[{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνασχέσθαι","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"ἀνασχέσθαι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to endure","note":"Aorist middle infinitive object of 'is fated', 'to endure sorrows' in the house."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of τετλάμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετλάμεναι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"must bear","note":"Perfect infinitive of τλάω used imperativally: 'you must have endured/steel yourself to bear'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τετλάμεναι","gloss":"under compulsion"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b13-l308","source":"μηδέ τῳ ἐκφάσθαι μήτʼ ἀνδρῶν μήτε γυναικῶν,","translation":"and tell it to no one, neither man nor woman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῳ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐκφάσθαι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐκφάσθαι","lemma":"ἔκφημι","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"Present middle infinitive, 'declare/speak out', continuing the command not to reveal his identity."},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μήτε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies μήτε","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b13-l309","source":"πάντων, οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἦλθες ἀλώμενος, ἀλλὰ σιωπῇ","translation":"of all, that you have come back from your wandering, but in silence","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήτε","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦλθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ᾽","gloss":"you came","note":"Aorist 2nd singular, resuming the main clause after the long parenthetical warning."},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθες","gloss":"wandering","note":"Present participle describing the manner of return: 'having come as a wanderer'."},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πάσχειν","gloss":"in silence","note":"Dative of manner governing an implied infinitive 'to suffer', continuing into the next line."}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b13-l310","source":"πάσχειν ἄλγεα πολλά, βίας ὑποδέγμενος ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"suffer many pains, and bear the violence of men.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάσχειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχειν","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποδέγμενος","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"ὑποδέγμενος","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχειν","gloss":"enduring","note":"aorist participle expressing action coincident with the main verb ('suffer... and bear...'), not action prior to it"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βίας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b13-l311","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Odysseus of many wiles","body":"Polymetis, 'of many counsels', is among the most characteristic epithets of Odysseus. It introduces his reply just after Athena has named his cunning."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"πρόσφημι is an epic-only verb used in the recurring Homeric speech-introduction formula ('τὸν/τὴν δ' ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη...'), not confined to this single line"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-devising","note":"stock epithet for Odysseus, 'of many wiles/counsels' - a formulaic epic tag"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b13-l312","source":"ἀργαλέον σε, θεά, γνῶναι βροτῷ ἀντιάσαντι,","translation":"\"It is hard, goddess, for a mortal who meets you to know you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of γνῶναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess","note":"vocative address inserted mid-sentence, typical of Homeric direct speech"},{"surface":"γνῶναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to recognize"},{"surface":"βροτῷ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσαντι","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"meeting","note":"dative participle agreeing with βροτῷ, 'for a mortal who encounters you'"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b13-l313","source":"καὶ μάλʼ ἐπισταμένῳ· σὲ γὰρ αὐτὴν παντὶ ἐΐσκεις.","translation":"even one who knows much; for you make yourself like anything.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένῳ","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies βροτῷ","gloss":"knowing much","note":"dative participle continuing to modify the mortal of the previous line"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐΐσκεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σὲ","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"παντὶ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐΐσκεις","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ἐΐσκεις","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make like","note":"ἐίσκω 'liken/make resemble' - alludes to Athena's shape-shifting disguises"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b13-l314","source":"τοῦτο δʼ ἐγὼν εὖ οἶδʼ, ὅτι μοι πάρος ἠπίη ἦσθα,","translation":"But this I know well, that you were kind to me before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδ᾽","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"perfect with present sense, common for οἶδα, 'I have come to know' = 'I know'"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦσθα","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἠπίη","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"you were","note":"epic 2nd-singular imperfect of εἰμί"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b13-l315","source":"ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"while we sons of the Achaeans were fighting at Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"πολεμίζομεν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"we were fighting"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πολεμίζομεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of Achaeans","note":"'sons of the Achaeans' is a Homeric periphrasis for 'the Achaeans/Greeks'"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b13-l316","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Πριάμοιο πόλιν διεπέρσαμεν αἰπήν,","translation":"But after we sacked the steep city of Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διεπέρσαμεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"διεπέρσαμεν","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"we sacked"},{"surface":"αἰπήν","lemma":"αἰπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"steep/lofty","note":"αἰπός 'steep' applied to a city is a common epic epithet for Troy's height"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b13-l317","source":"βῆμεν δʼ ἐν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"and went aboard our ships, and a god scattered the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l317.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διεπέρσαμεν","title":"aorist 'we sacked'","body":"The aorist diepersamen reports the completed destruction of Troy as a single past event. The augment di-e- marks it as a narrative past."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"we went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in/on"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέδασσεν","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b13-l318","source":"οὔ σέ γʼ ἔπειτα ἴδον, κούρη Διός, οὐδʼ ἐνόησα","translation":"from then on I never saw you, daughter of Zeus, nor noticed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"thereafter"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw","note":"root aorist εἶδον 'I saw', unrelated in form to present ὁράω - classic Greek suppletion"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter","note":"vocative 'daughter of Zeus' addressing Athena directly"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐνόησα","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I noticed"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b13-l319","source":"νηὸς ἐμῆς ἐπιβᾶσαν, ὅπως τί μοι ἄλγος ἀλάλκοις.","translation":"you boarding my ship to ward off any pain from me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβᾶσαν","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐπιβᾶσαν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"boarding","note":"feminine accusative participle referring to Athena's disguised form stepping aboard"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀλάλκοις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοις","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἄλγος","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοις","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"ἀλάλκοις","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"you might ward off","note":"optative in a purpose clause after ὅπως, 'so that you might ward off'"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b13-l320","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἔχων δεδαϊγμένον ἦτορ","translation":"But always carrying a torn heart within my breast","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠλώμην","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"in heart","note":"dative plural φρεσίν, 'in my wits/heart' - a formulaic locative of the mind"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"my own","note":"epic possessive ἑός/ᾗσιν, 'his/my own', archaic reflexive form"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλώμην","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένον","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"torn/rent","note":"perfect passive participle δεδαϊγμένον, 'having been torn' - vivid image of a lacerated heart"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b13-l321","source":"ἠλώμην, ἧός με θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν·","translation":"I wandered, until the gods set me free from misery;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠλώμην","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wandered"},{"surface":"ἧός","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"from misery"},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἧός","gloss":"set free"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b13-l322","source":"πρίν γʼ ὅτε Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν ἐν πίονι δήμῳ","translation":"not until, in the rich land of the Phaeacian men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land/people"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b13-l323","source":"θάρσυνάς τε ἔπεσσι καὶ ἐς πόλιν ἤγαγες αὐτή.","translation":"you heartened me with words and yourself led me to the city.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσυνάς","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you cheered"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θάρσυνάς","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἤγαγες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you led"},{"surface":"αὐτή","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself","note":"emphatic αὐτή, 'you yourself' - stresses Athena personally guided him"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b13-l324","source":"νῦν δέ σε πρὸς πατρὸς γουνάζομαι—οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω","translation":"Now I beseech you by your father — for I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γουνάζομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of γουνάζομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"your father","note":"'by your father' - a Homeric oath-formula invoking Zeus, Athena's father"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b13-l325","source":"ἥκειν εἰς Ἰθάκην εὐδείελον, ἀλλά τινʼ ἄλλην","translation":"I have come to sunny Ithaca, but to some other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥκειν","lemma":"ἥκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to have come","note":"perfect-sense infinitive after ὀΐω, 'I do not think I have come'"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"εὐδείελον","lemma":"εὐδείελος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"sunny/clear","note":"εὐδείελος 'sunny' is a standing Homeric epithet for Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἄλλην","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b13-l326","source":"γαῖαν ἀναστρέφομαι· σὲ δὲ κερτομέουσαν ὀΐω","translation":"land I have wandered; and I think you are mocking me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀναστρέφομαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἀναστρέφομαι","lemma":"ἀναστρέφω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I have roamed"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορευέμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κερτομέουσαν","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορευέμεναι","gloss":"mocking","note":"participle describing Athena as if teasing him with false words"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b13-l327","source":"ταῦτʼ ἀγορευέμεναι, ἵνʼ ἐμὰς φρένας ἠπεροπεύσῃς—","translation":"saying these things, to beguile my mind —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορευέμεναι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἀγορευέμεναι","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐμὰς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠπεροπεύσῃς","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἠπεροπεύσῃς—","lemma":"ἠπεροπεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"you might deceive","note":"aorist subjunctive of purpose, 'so that you might beguile my mind'"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b13-l328","source":"εἰπέ μοι εἰ ἐτεόν γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἱκάνω.","translation":"tell me truly whether I have really come to my dear fatherland.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πατρίδ᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδ","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἰ","gloss":"I have come"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b13-l329","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess gray-eyed Athena answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's standing epithet, 'flashing-eyed/gray-eyed'"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b13-l330","source":"αἰεί τοι τοιοῦτον ἐνὶ στήθεσσι νόημα·","translation":"\"Always such a thought as that is in your breast;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"τοιοῦτον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast","note":"dative plural στήθεσσι, 'in your breast', formulaic seat of thought"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b13-l331","source":"τῷ σε καὶ οὐ δύναμαι προλιπεῖν δύστηνον ἐόντα,","translation":"and so I cannot abandon you in your misfortune,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"therefore","note":"dative τῷ used adverbially, 'therefore/for that reason'"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of προλιπεῖν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am able"},{"surface":"προλιπεῖν","lemma":"προλείπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to abandon"},{"surface":"δύστηνον","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b13-l332","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἐπητής ἐσσι καὶ ἀγχίνοος καὶ ἐχέφρων.","translation":"because you are civil and quick of mind and prudent.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπητής","title":"Civil and considerate","body":"ἐπητής means courteous, considerate of others. Athena praises three intertwined traits: tact (ἐπητής), shrewdness (ἀγχίνοος), and good sense (ἐχέφρων)."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἐπητής","lemma":"ἐπητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"civil/courteous"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ᾽","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχίνοος","lemma":"ἀγχίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"quick-witted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρων","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prudent"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b13-l333","source":"ἀσπασίως γάρ κʼ ἄλλος ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθὼν","translation":"For any other man, come home after his wanderings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵετ᾽","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵετ᾽","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀλαλήμενος","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"wandering","note":"participle of ἀλάλημαι ('to wander'), echoing ἠλώμην above"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵετ᾽","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b13-l334","source":"ἵετʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἰδέειν παῖδάς τʼ ἄλοχόν τε·","translation":"would rush to his halls to see his children and his wife;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵετ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rush"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετ᾽","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"παῖδάς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b13-l335","source":"σοὶ δʼ οὔ πω φίλον ἐστὶ δαήμεναι οὐδὲ πυθέσθαι,","translation":"but you have no wish yet to learn or to inquire,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλον","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing/dear","note":"impersonal φίλον ἐστί, 'it is dear/pleasing (to you)' = 'you wish'"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"δαήμεναι","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"to learn"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to inquire"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b13-l336","source":"πρίν γʼ ἔτι σῆς ἀλόχου πειρήσεαι, ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως","translation":"before you have first tested your wife, who even so","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l336.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πειρήσεαι","title":"Testing Penelope","body":"πειράω here means to put to the test, to probe. The whole second half of the poem turns on Odysseus testing the loyalty of those at home."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρήσεαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"σῆς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχου","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀλόχου","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειρήσεαι","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"πειρήσεαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"you test","note":"subjunctive after πρίν, 'before you test' - Athena foreshadows Odysseus testing Penelope"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧσται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσται","gloss":"just so"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b13-l337","source":"ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν, ὀϊζυραὶ δέ οἱ αἰεὶ","translation":"sits there in your halls, and her wretched","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλόχου","gloss":"sits","note":"perfect middle ἧσται, 'she sits/has sat', stative perfect describing Penelope's long vigil"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὀϊζυραὶ","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wretched/mournful"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φθίνουσιν","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθίνουσιν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b13-l338","source":"φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χεούσῃ.","translation":"nights and days waste away as she sheds her tears.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθίνουσιν","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"νύκτες","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεούσῃ","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χεούσῃ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"shedding","note":"Dative singular participle agreeing with an unstated 'she' (Penelope), a dative of attendant circumstance."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b13-l339","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτʼ ἀπίστεον, ἀλλʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"But I never doubted this, and in my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπίστεον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπίστεον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀπίστεον","lemma":"ἀπιστέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"doubted","note":"Imperfect ἀπίστεον: sustained disbelief/doubt over time, not a single act."},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b13-l340","source":"ᾔδεʼ, ὃ νοστήσεις ὀλέσας ἄπο πάντας ἑταίρους·","translation":"I knew you would come home, having lost all your companions;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I knew","note":"Pluperfect οἶδα (ᾔδη) functions as a simple past 'knew' — the perfect stem gives present-state meaning."},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"νοστήσεις","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὃ","gloss":"you would return"},{"surface":"ὀλέσας","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νοστήσεις","gloss":"having lost"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσας","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b13-l341","source":"ἀλλά τοι οὐκ ἐθέλησα Ποσειδάωνι μάχεσθαι","translation":"yet I was unwilling to do battle with Poseidon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλησα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was willing"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Poseidon","note":"Epic form Ποσειδάων(ι) for Attic Ποσειδῶν — dative object of the explicit infinitive μάχεσθαι ('to fight') later in the line, not an implied one."},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλησα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b13-l342","source":"πατροκασιγνήτῳ, ὅς τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ,","translation":"my father's brother, who set rancor in his heart against you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατροκασιγνήτῳ","lemma":"πατροκασίγνητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"father's brother","note":"Compound epithet: 'father's-brother' (uncle), i.e. Poseidon as Zeus's brother."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔνθετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κότον","gloss":"against you"},{"surface":"κότον","lemma":"κότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθετο","gloss":"grudge"},{"surface":"ἔνθετο","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μάχεσθαι","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθετο","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b13-l343","source":"χωόμενος ὅτι οἱ υἱὸν φίλον ἐξαλάωσας.","translation":"enraged that you blinded his dear son.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνθετο","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλάωσας","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐξαλάωσας","lemma":"ἐξαλαόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"you blinded"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b13-l344","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε τοι δείξω Ἰθάκης ἕδος, ὄφρα πεποίθῃς.","translation":"But come, I will show you the lay of Ithaca, so you may believe.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come","note":"Fossilized imperative ἄγε used as an interjection 'come now,' regardless of the addressee's number."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δείξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δείξω","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will show"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δείξω","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πεποίθῃς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may believe"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b13-l345","source":"Φόρκυνος μὲν ὅδʼ ἐστὶ λιμήν, ἁλίοιο γέροντος,","translation":"This is the harbor of Phorcys, the old man of the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φόρκυνος","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Phorcys"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"λιμήν","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"ἁλίοιο","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the sea","note":"ἅλιος 'of the sea' modifies γέροντος: Phorcys as the old sea-god."},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b13-l346","source":"ἥδε δʼ ἐπὶ κρατὸς λιμένος τανύφυλλος ἐλαίη·","translation":"and here at the harbor's head is the long-leaved olive tree;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"τανύφυλλος","lemma":"τανύφυλλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίη","gloss":"long-leaved","note":"Compound epic adjective τανύφυλλος 'long-leaved,' a stock descriptor for the olive."},{"surface":"ἐλαίη","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"olive tree"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b13-l347","source":"ἀγχόθι δʼ αὐτῆς ἄντρον ἐπήρατον ἠεροειδές,","translation":"and close beside it the lovely, shadowy cave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχόθι","lemma":"ἀγχόθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"ἄντρον","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἐπήρατον","lemma":"ἐπήρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδές","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"shadowy","note":"ἠεροειδές 'mist-colored/dusky' — epic compound describing dim, cave-like darkness."}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b13-l348","source":"ἱρὸν νυμφάων, αἳ νηϊάδες καλέονται·","translation":"sacred to the nymphs who are called the Naiads;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱρὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"νυμφάων","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἱρὸν","gloss":"of nymphs"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νηϊάδες","lemma":"Ναιάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Naiads","note":"Ναϊάδες = water-nymphs (from νάω 'to flow'), a class name given as predicate."},{"surface":"καλέονται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νυμφάων","gloss":"are called"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b13-l349","source":"τοῦτο δέ τοι σπέος ἐστὶ κατηρεφές, ἔνθα σὺ πολλὰς","translation":"this is the vaulted cavern where you many times","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κατηρεφές","lemma":"κατηρεφής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"vaulted"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρδεσκες","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρδεσκες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b13-l350","source":"ἔρδεσκες νύμφῃσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας·","translation":"used to offer the nymphs perfect hecatombs;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l350.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκατόμβας","title":"Hecatomb","body":"A hecatomb is a great sacrifice, literally of a hundred oxen, but used for any large ritual offering to the gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρδεσκες","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σπέος","gloss":"used to offer","note":"Iterative imperfect -σκ- form (ἔρδεσκες): 'used to do repeatedly,' an epic habitual-past marker."},{"surface":"νύμφῃσι","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρδεσκες","gloss":"to the nymphs"},{"surface":"τεληέσσας","lemma":"τελήεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρδεσκες","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b13-l351","source":"τοῦτο δὲ Νήριτόν ἐστιν ὄρος καταειμένον ὕλῃ.","translation":"and this is Mount Neriton, mantled in forest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νήριτόν","lemma":"Νήριτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"Neriton","note":"Mount Neriton, Ithaca's landmark peak — proof-of-place detail Athena offers Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"καταειμένον","lemma":"καθέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"clothed"},{"surface":"ὕλῃ","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταειμένον","gloss":"in forest"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b13-l352","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσα θεὰ σκέδασʼ ἠέρα, εἴσατο δὲ χθών·","translation":"So speaking, the goddess scattered the mist, and the land appeared;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to σκέδασ᾽","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σκέδασ᾽","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"σκέδασ","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σκέδασ᾽","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared","note":"εἴσατο (from εἴδω) middle aorist: 'showed itself' — the land becomes visible as fog lifts."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χθών","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴσατο","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b13-l353","source":"γήθησέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"and then much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"A standing epithet","body":"\"Much-enduring noble Odysseus\" is a formulaic name-epithet phrase that fits the hexameter line's end and recurs throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"γήθησέν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γήθησέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"Stock Homeric epithet πολύτλας for Odysseus, marking recognition of home after long suffering."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b13-l354","source":"χαίρων ᾗ γαίῃ, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.","translation":"glad in his own land, and he kissed the grain-giving earth.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησέν","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χαίρων","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"κύσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζείδωρον","lemma":"ζείδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"grain-giving","note":"ζείδωρος 'grain-giving,' formulaic epithet for fertile earth (ἄρουρα)."},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κύσε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b13-l355","source":"αὐτίκα δὲ νύμφῃς ἠρήσατο, χεῖρας ἀνασχών·","translation":"At once he prayed to the nymphs, lifting up his hands:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρήσατο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύμφῃς","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠρήσατο","gloss":"to the nymphs"},{"surface":"ἠρήσατο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχών","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχών","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρήσατο","gloss":"raising","note":"Raising the hands (χεῖρας ἀνασχών) is the standard Homeric prayer gesture."}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b13-l356","source":"νύμφαι νηϊάδες, κοῦραι Διός, οὔ ποτʼ ἐγώ γε","translation":"\"Naiad nymphs, daughters of Zeus, never did I","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφαι","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"νηϊάδες","lemma":"Ναιάς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νύμφαι","gloss":"Naiads"},{"surface":"κοῦραι","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦραι","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφάμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b13-l357","source":"ὄψεσθʼ ὔμμʼ ἐφάμην· νῦν δʼ εὐχωλῇς ἀγανῇσι","translation":"think to see you again; now with gentle prayers","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεσθ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"to see","note":"Future infinitive ὄψεσθαι after φημί 'thought' — expresses expectation about a future event."},{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"object of ὄψεσθ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαίρετ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχωλῇς","lemma":"εὐχωλή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of χαίρετ᾽","gloss":"with prayers"},{"surface":"ἀγανῇσι","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies εὐχωλῇς","gloss":"gentle"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b13-l358","source":"χαίρετʼ· ἀτὰρ καὶ δῶρα διδώσομεν, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,","translation":"I greet you; and we will give gifts too, as in time past,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρετ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell","note":"Greeting formula χαίρετε, 2nd person plural imperative, literally 'rejoice' — used both as hail and farewell."},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διδώσομεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"διδώσομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will give"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b13-l359","source":"αἴ κεν ἐᾷ πρόφρων με Διὸς θυγάτηρ ἀγελείη","translation":"if the daughter of Zeus, the driver of spoil, graciously allows","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀγελείη","title":"Driver of spoil","body":"ἀγελείη, an epithet of Athena meaning roughly \"she who drives off the booty,\" marks her as a war-goddess; it is one of her formulaic titles."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐᾷ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"allows"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"graciously"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ζώειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐᾷ","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἀγελείη","lemma":"ἀγελείη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"driver of spoil","note":"ἀγελείη 'she who drives off booty' — martial epithet of Athena as war-goddess."}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b13-l360","source":"αὐτόν τε ζώειν καί μοι φίλον υἱὸν ἀέξῃ.","translation":"me myself to live, and lets my dear son grow to manhood.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζώειν","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐᾷ","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀέξῃ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀέξῃ","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"grow up"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b13-l361","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, said to him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Gray-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, \"gray-eyed\" or \"bright-eyed,\" is Athena's most frequent epithet, filling the line's end in the recurring speech-formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις 'gleaming/gray-eyed,' the fixed epithet marking Athena in formulaic address lines."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b13-l362","source":"θάρσει, μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.","translation":"\"Take heart, and do not let these things trouble your mind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελόντων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trouble","note":"3rd-plural imperative μελόντων 'let them be a care' — impersonal command form rare outside epic."}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b13-l363","source":"ἀλλὰ χρήματα μὲν μυχῷ ἄντρου θεσπεσίοιο","translation":"But let us set your goods at once, now, in a corner","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χρήματα","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θείμεν","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θείμεν","gloss":"in corner"},{"surface":"ἄντρου","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"of cave"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίοιο","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄντρου","gloss":"marvelous"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b13-l364","source":"θείμεν αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα περ τάδε τοι σόα μίμνῃ·","translation":"of the marvelous cave, so they may stay there safe for you;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θείμεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us put"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θείμεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θείμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μίμνῃ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to σόα","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"σόα","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"μίμνῃ","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b13-l365","source":"αὐτοὶ δὲ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένηται.","translation":"and let us plan for ourselves how all may turn out best.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φραζώμεθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us plan"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἄριστα","lemma":"ἄριστον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"may turn out"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b13-l366","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσα θεὰ δῦνε σπέος ἠεροειδές,","translation":"So speaking, the goddess entered the shadowy cave,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσα","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δῦνε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῦνε","gloss":"the goddess","note":"θεά 'goddess' (Athena), distinct from θεός; subject of the aorist δῦνε."},{"surface":"δῦνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῦνε","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδές","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"shadowy","note":"ἠεροειδής 'mist-colored'; formulaic epithet for caves/seas, from ἀήρ 'mist, haze'."}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b13-l367","source":"μαιομένη κευθμῶνας ἀνὰ σπέος· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"searching out hiding-places through the cavern; meanwhile Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαιομένη","lemma":"μαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δῦνε","gloss":"searching for"},{"surface":"κευθμῶνας","lemma":"κευθμών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαιομένη","gloss":"hiding-places"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the cave","note":"σπέος repeated; ἀνὰ σπέος 'up and through the cave' — ἀνά + acc. of extent, no true motion 'up.'"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφόρει","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b13-l368","source":"ἆσσον πάντʼ ἐφόρει, χρυσὸν καὶ ἀτειρέα χαλκὸν","translation":"carried everything closer in—the gold and the stubborn bronze","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐφόρει","gloss":"closer in"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἐφόρει","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept carrying","note":"ἐφόρει: imperfect of φορέω, iterative/durative 'kept bringing,' vs a single-act aorist."},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτειρέα","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"stubborn"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b13-l369","source":"εἵματά τʼ εὐποίητα, τά οἱ Φαίηκες ἔδωκαν.","translation":"and the well-made garments that the Phaeacians had given him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματά","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐποίητα","lemma":"εὐποίητος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματά","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"to him","note":"οἱ = dat. of ἕ, unaccented enclitic 3rd-person pronoun 'to him' (Odysseus)."},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἔδωκαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"had given"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b13-l370","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκε, λίθον δʼ ἐπέθηκε θύρῃσι","translation":"These he stowed well away, and Pallas Athena set a stone","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατέθηκε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατέθηκε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stowed away"},{"surface":"λίθον","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"a stone","note":"λίθον: the stone Athena sets against the cave-mouth, sealing the treasure — a concrete detail signaling divine care."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκε","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set against"},{"surface":"θύρῃσι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"the doorway"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b13-l371","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"against the doorway, daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγίοχος 'holding the aegis'; fixed epithet of Zeus, scans as one metrical unit filling the line's close."}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b13-l372","source":"τὼ δὲ καθεζομένω ἱερῆς παρὰ πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης","translation":"Then the two of them sat down by the trunk of the sacred olive","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... καθεζομένω","title":"The dual: two of them","body":"τώ and καθεζομένω are dual forms, used in Greek for a natural pair—here Odysseus and Athena seated together."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"the two of them","note":"τώ: dual pronoun 'the two,' referring to Odysseus and Athena together — dual number marks a pair acting as one."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καθεζομένω","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φραζέσθην","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"ἱερῆς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίης","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πυθμέν","lemma":"πυθμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the trunk"},{"surface":"ἐλαίης","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πυθμέν᾽","gloss":"of the olive tree"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b13-l373","source":"φραζέσθην μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"and plotted death for the overweening suitors.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φραζέσθην","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plotted","note":"φραζέσθην: dual imperfect 'the two were plotting' — matches the dual subject τώ above."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φραζέσθην","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισιν","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"overweening"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φραζέσθην","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b13-l374","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"The goddess, gray-eyed Athena, was first to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις: Athena's standing epithet, 'gleaming/gray-eyed'; appears with her name almost formulaically throughout."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b13-l375","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,","translation":"\"Zeus-born son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l375.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","title":"Vocative of address","body":"The whole line is a vocative formula used to address Odysseus directly: \"Zeus-born son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus.\" πολυμήχανος means \"of many devices.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαερτιάδη","gloss":"Zeus-born"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολυμήχανος 'of many devices'; a signature epithet for Odysseus tied to his cunning."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b13-l376","source":"φράζευ ὅπως μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσεις,","translation":"consider how you will lay hands on the shameless suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζευ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider","note":"φράζευ: middle imperative 'consider (for yourself)' — the middle voice stresses self-directed planning."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσεις","gloss":"on the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέσι","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσεις","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐφήσεις","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"will lay"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b13-l377","source":"οἳ δή τοι τρίετες μέγαρον κάτα κοιρανέουσι,","translation":"who for three years now have been lording it in your hall,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κοιρανέουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κοιρανέουσι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τρίετες","lemma":"τριέτης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κοιρανέουσι","gloss":"for three years","note":"τρίετες: adverbial accusative of duration 'for three years,' answering 'how long.'"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κοιρανέουσι","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"throughout","note":"κάτα is κατά in anastrophe (a postpositive preposition, accented on the first syllable because it follows its noun), governing μέγαρον, 'throughout the hall.' Not tmesis — κοιρανέω here is not a compound verb with κατά."},{"surface":"κοιρανέουσι","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"have been lording it"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b13-l378","source":"μνώμενοι ἀντιθέην ἄλοχον καὶ ἕδνα διδόντες·","translation":"wooing your godlike wife and giving bride-gifts;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνώμενοι","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wooing"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέην","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνώμενοι","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕδνα","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διδόντες","gloss":"bride-gifts"},{"surface":"διδόντες","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"giving"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b13-l379","source":"ἡ δὲ σὸν αἰεὶ νόστον ὀδυρομένη κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"but she, forever grieving in her heart for your homecoming,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l379.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"Nostos, homecoming","body":"νόστος, \"homecoming,\" is the central theme of the Odyssey and the word from which \"nostalgia\" derives."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδυρομένη","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδυρομένη","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένη","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"grieving for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"her heart","note":"κατὰ θυμόν 'down/deep in the heart,' a common Homeric idiom for inward feeling or thought."}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b13-l380","source":"πάντας μέν ῥʼ ἔλπει καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ,","translation":"gives all of them hope and makes promises to each man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλπει","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔλπει","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives hope"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπίσχεται","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes promises"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπίσχεται","gloss":"to each man"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b13-l381","source":"ἀγγελίας προϊεῖσα, νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοινᾷ.","translation":"sending out messages, while her mind intends other things.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l381.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοινᾷ","title":"men ... de contrast","body":"The line caps a μέν...δέ structure across these verses: she openly promises (μέν) but inwardly (δέ) plans otherwise—Penelope's famous cunning."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίας","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προϊεῖσα","gloss":"messages"},{"surface":"προϊεῖσα","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὑπίσχεται","gloss":"sending out"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"her mind"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷ","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"intends","note":"μενοινᾷ 'sets its heart on, intends' — captures Penelope's secret resolve behind her outward hopeful words."}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b13-l382","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις 'of many counsels'; another of Odysseus's recurring epithets, paired here with his name in formula."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b13-l383","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο","translation":"\"Oh no—surely I was about to perish in my halls","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b13-l384","source":"φθίσεσθαι κακὸν οἶτον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔμελλον,","translation":"by the evil doom of Agamemnon, son of Atreus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθίσεσθαι","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to perish","note":"φθίσεσθαι: future infinitive after ἔμελλον 'I was about to,' the standard construction for an unrealized fate."},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φθίσεσθαι","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was about to"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b13-l385","source":"εἰ μή μοι σὺ ἕκαστα, θεά, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.","translation":"if you, goddess, had not told me each thing rightly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"each thing"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"rightly"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"in due measure","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν 'according to due portion' — idiom for speaking rightly, fittingly, in proper order."},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had told"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b13-l386","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μῆτιν ὕφηνον, ὅπως ἀποτίσομαι αὐτούς·","translation":"But come, weave a plan, so I may pay them back;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆτιν ὕφηνον","title":"Weaving a plan","body":"μῆτις is cunning intelligence; \"weave a plan\" (ὑφαίνω) is a recurring metaphor for crafting a clever scheme—fitting for Athena and Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὕφηνον","gloss":"a plan"},{"surface":"ὕφηνον","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weave","note":"ὕφηνον 'weave!' — metaphor of devising a scheme, imperative addressed to Athena (the speaker's interlocutor here), asking her to help plot vengeance on the suitors."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσομαι","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"I may pay back"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποτίσομαι","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b13-l387","source":"πὰρ δέ μοι αὐτὴ στῆθι, μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνεῖσα,","translation":"and stand beside me yourself, putting bold courage in me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"στῆθι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνεῖσα","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"πολυθαρσὲς","lemma":"πολυθαρσής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἐνεῖσα","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στῆθι","gloss":"putting in","note":"ἐνεῖσα, aorist participle of ἐνίημι 'sending/putting into' — Athena infusing μένος (fighting spirit) directly into Odysseus."}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b13-l388","source":"οἷον ὅτε Τροίης λύομεν λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα.","translation":"as on the day we loosed the shining diadem of Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l388.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα","title":"The veil of Troy","body":"κρήδεμνα, a woman's headveil or a city's battlements, is here a poignant image: sacking Troy is like tearing the veil from a woman's head."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"λύομεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"we loosed"},{"surface":"λιπαρὰ","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνα","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύομεν","gloss":"diadem","note":"κρήδεμνα 'veils/battlements'; 'loosing Troy's veil' is a poetic image for tearing down the city's walls."}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b13-l389","source":"αἴ κέ μοι ὣς μεμαυῖα παρασταίης, γλαυκῶπι,","translation":"If you would stand by me thus eager, gray-eyed one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρασταίης","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαυῖα","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρασταίης","gloss":"eager","note":"μεμαυῖα: perfect participle of μέμαα, 'being (now) eager' — perfect stem with present force, common for verbs of desire."},{"surface":"παρασταίης","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would stand by"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπι","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gray-eyed one"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b13-l390","source":"καί κε τριηκοσίοισιν ἐγὼν ἄνδρεσσι μαχοίμην","translation":"I would fight even against three hundred men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τριηκοσίοισιν","lemma":"τριακόσιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσι","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχοίμην","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μαχοίμην","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b13-l391","source":"σὺν σοί, πότνα θεά, ὅτε μοι πρόφρασσʼ ἐπαρήγοις.","translation":"with you, lady goddess, when you helped me with all your heart.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πότνα","lemma":"πότνα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεά","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπαρήγοις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρόφρασσ","lemma":"πρόφρασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholeheartedly","note":"πρόφρασσα 'with willing/favorable spirit'; feminine adjective used adverbially describing Athena's manner of helping."},{"surface":"ἐπαρήγοις","lemma":"ἐπαρήγω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"helped"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b13-l392","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b13-l393","source":"καὶ λίην τοι ἐγώ γε παρέσσομαι, οὐδέ με λήσεις,","translation":"\"Be sure I will be at your side, and you will not escape my notice,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέσσομαι","gloss":"very much","note":"καὶ λίην 'and very much so' — emphatic idiom affirming a strong yes at the start of Athena's reply."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρέσσομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέσσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρέσσομαι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be beside"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λήσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"λήσεις","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will escape notice of","note":"λήσεις: future of λανθάνω 'escape notice,' here negated — 'you will not go unnoticed by me,' i.e. Athena will watch closely."}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b13-l394","source":"ὁππότε κεν δὴ ταῦτα πενώμεθα· καί τινʼ ὀΐω","translation":"when we set to work on this; and I think that some","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κεν = Attic ἄν, marking the future-vivid ‘whenever’ clause with subjunctive."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πενώμεθα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πενώμεθα","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"we set to work","note":"πενώμεθα: subjunctive after ὁππότε κεν, ‘whenever we busy ourselves with this.’"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παλαξέμεν","gloss":"some(one)"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think","note":"ὀΐω, epic form of οἴομαι, introduces indirect statement continuing into next line."}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b13-l395","source":"αἵματί τʼ ἐγκεφάλῳ τε παλαξέμεν ἄσπετον οὖδας","translation":"will spatter the boundless floor with blood and brains.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματί","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγκεφάλῳ","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"with brains"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλαξέμεν","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will spatter","note":"παλαξέμεν: epic infinitive (-έμεν) standing for future indicative, object of ὀΐω."},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὖδας","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παλαξέμεν","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b13-l396","source":"ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, οἵ τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν.","translation":"of the suitors who are devouring your livelihood","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l396.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βίοτον κατέδουσιν","title":"Devouring his living","body":"βίοτος is both \"life\" and \"livelihood, substance.\" The suitors literally eat through Odysseus's estate—a refrain throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"κατέδουσιν","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστήρων","gloss":"devour","note":"κατέδουσιν, vivid present ‘eat up’ for the suitors consuming Odysseus's estate."}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b13-l397","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε σʼ ἄγνωστον τεύξω πάντεσσι βροτοῖσι·","translation":"But come, I will make you unrecognizable to all mortals:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"ἄγε: fossilized imperative used as an exclamatory particle, ‘come now.’"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τεύξω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄγνωστον","lemma":"ἄγνωστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τεύξω","gloss":"unrecognizable"},{"surface":"τεύξω","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will make"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοῖσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσι","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγνωστον","gloss":"mortals"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b13-l398","source":"κάρψω μὲν χρόα καλὸν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι,","translation":"I will shrivel the fine skin on your supple limbs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρψω","lemma":"κάρφω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will shrivel","note":"Athena's disguise-spell: a string of first-person futures (κάρψω, ὀλέσω, ἕσσω, κνυζώσω) piling up her transformation of Odysseus."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάρψω","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γναμπτοῖσι","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλεσσι","gloss":"supple"},{"surface":"μέλεσσι","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b13-l399","source":"ξανθὰς δʼ ἐκ κεφαλῆς ὀλέσω τρίχας, ἀμφὶ δὲ λαῖφος","translation":"destroy the blond hair from your head, and around you a rag","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξανθὰς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρίχας","gloss":"blond"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ὀλέσω","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will destroy"},{"surface":"τρίχας","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσω","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαῖφος","lemma":"λαῖφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσω","gloss":"rag"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b13-l400","source":"ἕσσω ὅ κε στυγέῃσιν ἰδὼν ἄνθρωπον ἔχοντα,","translation":"I will throw, such that a man would loathe to see you wearing it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσω","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will clothe","note":"ἕσσω from ἕννυμι ‘clothe/dress’; governs λαῖφος (rag) as its object across the line break."},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"(relative)"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"στυγέῃσιν","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαῖφος","gloss":"would loathe"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στυγέῃσιν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωπον","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wearing"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b13-l401","source":"κνυζώσω δέ τοι ὄσσε πάρος περικαλλέʼ ἐόντε,","translation":"and I will dim your eyes, that were so beautiful before,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνυζώσω","lemma":"κνυζόω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will dim"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κνυζώσω","gloss":"eyes","note":"ὄσσε: dual noun, ‘the two eyes’ — dual number still alive in Homeric Greek."},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περικαλλέ","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"ἐόντε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual neuter","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b13-l402","source":"ὡς ἂν ἀεικέλιος πᾶσι μνηστῆρσι φανήῃς","translation":"so that you will appear unseemly to all the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἀεικέλιος","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unseemly"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"φανήῃς","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"you will appear"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b13-l403","source":"σῇ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ παιδί, τὸν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἔλειπες.","translation":"and to your wife and the son you left behind in your halls.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παιδί","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλειπες","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔλειπες","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παιδί","gloss":"you left","note":"ἔλειπες: imperfect, ‘you were leaving/left behind,’ recalling Odysseus's departure years earlier."}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b13-l404","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ πρώτιστα συβώτην εἰσαφικέσθαι,","translation":"But you yourself must first go to the swineherd,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρώτιστα","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰσαφικέσθαι","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσαφικέσθαι","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"εἰσαφικέσθαι","lemma":"εἰσαφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"go to","note":"εἰσαφικέσθαι: infinitive used as an imperative (‘you must go’), common epic idiom."}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b13-l405","source":"ὅς τοι ὑῶν ἐπίουρος, ὁμῶς δέ τοι ἤπια οἶδε,","translation":"who keeps watch over your pigs and is loyal to you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὑῶν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὑῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπίουρος","gloss":"of pigs"},{"surface":"ἐπίουρος","lemma":"ἐπίουρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"keeper"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδε","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἤπια","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"loyal things"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"knows","note":"οἶδε: perfect with present force, ‘has knowledge of / feels,’ describing the swineherd's steady loyalty."}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b13-l406","source":"παῖδά τε σὸν φιλέει καὶ ἐχέφρονα Πηνελόπειαν.","translation":"and loves your son and prudent Penelope.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδά","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδά","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φιλέει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρονα","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπειαν","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπειαν","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b13-l407","source":"δήεις τόν γε σύεσσι παρήμενον· αἱ δὲ νέμονται","translation":"You will find him sitting among the swine; and they feed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήεις","lemma":"δήω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will find"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δήεις","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σύεσσι","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρήμενον","gloss":"among swine"},{"surface":"παρήμενον","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νέμονται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέμονται","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feed"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b13-l408","source":"πὰρ Κόρακος πέτρῃ ἐπί τε κρήνῃ Ἀρεθούσῃ,","translation":"by the Rock of the Raven and the spring of Arethusa,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Κόρακος","lemma":"κόραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πέτρῃ","gloss":"of the Raven","note":"Κόρακος πέτρῃ, ‘Raven's Rock’ — a local Ithacan landmark tied to the swineherd's steading."},{"surface":"πέτρῃ","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"and at"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρήνῃ","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπί","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"Ἀρεθούσῃ","lemma":"Ἀρέθουσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κρήνῃ","gloss":"Arethusa"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b13-l409","source":"ἔσθουσαι βάλανον μενοεικέα καὶ μέλαν ὕδωρ","translation":"eating the acorns they relish and drinking the dark water,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθουσαι","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"βάλανον","lemma":"βάλανος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσθουσαι","gloss":"acorn"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βάλανον","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πίνουσαι","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b13-l410","source":"πίνουσαι, τά θʼ ὕεσσι τρέφει τεθαλυῖαν ἀλοιφήν.","translation":"things that nourish the rich fat upon the swine.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίνουσαι","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"which things"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕεσσι","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλοιφήν","gloss":"for the swine"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"nourish"},{"surface":"τεθαλυῖαν","lemma":"θάλλω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἀλοιφήν","gloss":"rich, thriving","note":"τεθαλυῖαν: perfect participle of θάλλω ‘flourish,’ vividly ‘fat grown lush.’"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφήν","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b13-l411","source":"ἔνθα μένειν καὶ πάντα παρήμενος ἐξερέεσθαι,","translation":"Stay there, and sitting by him ask about everything,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξερέεσθαι","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέεσθαι","gloss":"sitting by"},{"surface":"ἐξερέεσθαι","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask about"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b13-l412","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἔλθω Σπάρτην ἐς καλλιγύναικα","translation":"while I go to Sparta, the land of lovely women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔλθω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Σπάρτην","lemma":"Σπάρτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Sparta"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"καλλιγύναικα","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Σπάρτην","gloss":"of lovely women","note":"καλλιγύναικα: standing epithet for Sparta, ‘land of beautiful women.’"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b13-l413","source":"Τηλέμαχον καλέουσα, τεὸν φίλον υἱόν, Ὀδυσσεῦ·","translation":"to summon Telemachus, your dear son, Odysseus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"καλέουσα","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθω","gloss":"calling for"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b13-l414","source":"ὅς τοι ἐς εὐρύχορον Λακεδαίμονα πὰρ Μενέλαον","translation":"for he went to spacious Lacedaemon, to Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὐρύχορον","lemma":"εὐρύχορος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"spacious"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονα","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Lacedaemon"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b13-l415","source":"ᾤχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος, εἴ που ἔτʼ εἴης.","translation":"seeking news of you, whether you are still alive.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l415.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"Kleos, report and renown","body":"κλέος means both \"report, news\" and \"fame, glory.\" Telemachus goes after news of his father, but the word carries the larger heroic theme of renown."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"went","note":"ᾤχετο: imperfect of οἴχομαι ‘be gone/on the way,’ here of Telemachus's journey."},{"surface":"πευσόμενος","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"fame/news"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴης","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"εἴης","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"you might be","note":"εἴης: optative in indirect question, ‘whether you might still be (alive).’"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b13-l416","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις: recurring epithet for Odysseus, ‘of many wiles/counsel.’"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b13-l417","source":"τίπτε τʼ ἄρʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπες, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πάντα ἰδυῖα;","translation":"\"Why then did you not tell him, you who know all things in your mind?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"why then"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you tell"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἰδυῖα","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"ἰδυῖα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"knowing","note":"ἰδυῖα: perfect participle of οἶδα, ‘you who know’ — Odysseus needling Athena's omniscience."}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b13-l418","source":"ἦ ἵνα που καὶ κεῖνος ἀλώμενος ἄλγεα πάσχῃ","translation":"Was it so that he too might wander and suffer pains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάσχῃ","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχῃ","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχῃ","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πάσχῃ","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"might suffer"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b13-l419","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον· βίοτον δέ οἱ ἄλλοι ἔδουσι;","translation":"over the barren sea, while others devour his living?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l419.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον","title":"The barren sea","body":"ἀτρύγετος, \"barren, unharvested,\" is a fixed epithet of the sea: it yields no crop, unlike the grain-giving earth."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετος: formulaic epithet of the sea, ‘unharvested/barren,’ found throughout epic."},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσι","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔδουσι","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἔδουσι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b13-l420","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις: Athena's standing epithet, ‘bright/gray-eyed,’ paired with her name in formula."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b13-l421","source":"μὴ δή τοι κεῖνός γε λίην ἐνθύμιος ἔστω.","translation":"\"Do not let him weigh too heavily on your heart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔστω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"κεῖνός","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"too much"},{"surface":"ἐνθύμιος","lemma":"ἐνθύμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weighing on the mind"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be","note":"ἔστω: 3rd-sg imperative of εἰμί, ‘let him not be...’ — a calming command from Athena."}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b13-l422","source":"αὐτή μιν πόμπευον, ἵνα κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἄροιτο","translation":"I myself escorted him, so that he might win good renown","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτή","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"I myself","note":"Emphatic αὐτή picks out 'I' (Athena) as the one who escorted him, not merely 'she'."},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόμπευον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πόμπευον","lemma":"πομπεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escorted"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄροιτο","gloss":"renown","note":"κλέος 'glory/fame,' the epic hero's core prize — from the root meaning 'to hear' (what others hear and repeat about you); not related to English 'famous.'"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἄροιτο","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might win","note":"Optative ἄροιτο in a purpose clause after ἵνα expresses the intended result ('so that he might win')."}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b13-l423","source":"κεῖσʼ ἐλθών· ἀτὰρ οὔ τινʼ ἔχει πόνον, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος","translation":"by going there; he has no trouble, but at his ease","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθών","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄροιτο","gloss":"having gone","note":"Aorist participle ἐλθών ('having gone') modifies the implied subject, explaining how he won renown."},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλος","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease","note":"ἕκηλος 'carefree, at his ease' — a formulaic epic word for untroubled comfort."}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b13-l424","source":"ἧσται ἐν Ἀτρεΐδαο δόμοις, παρὰ δʼ ἄσπετα κεῖται.","translation":"he sits in the house of Atreus's son, with plenty at hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sits","note":"ἧσται, perfect of ἧμαι, describes a settled state 'he is sitting/dwelling.'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοις","gloss":"of Atreus's son","note":"Ἀτρεΐδαο, patronymic genitive 'son of Atreus' (Menelaus), a common epic naming pattern."},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nearby","note":"παρά here used adverbially ('at hand, nearby'), not governing a noun."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"boundless goods","note":"ἄσπετα, neut. pl. 'unspeakably much,' a favorite Homeric hyperbole for abundance."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies ready"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b13-l425","source":"ἦ μέν μιν λοχόωσι νέοι σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ,","translation":"True, young men lie in wait for him with a black ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λοχόωσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"λοχόωσι","lemma":"λοχάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie in wait for","note":"λοχόωσι, an uncontracted epic form of λοχάω ('lie in ambush') — the ambush of the suitors."},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of λοχόωσι","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black","note":"'black ship' (νηῒ μελαίνῃ) is a fixed Homeric epithet-phrase, describing the pitch-tarred hull."}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b13-l426","source":"ἱέμενοι κτεῖναι, πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι·","translation":"eager to kill him before he reaches his native land;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λοχόωσι","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἱέμενοι","gloss":"to kill","note":"Complementary infinitive κτεῖναι after ἱέμενοι ('eager'), giving the content of their eagerness."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"he reaches","note":"Aorist infinitive ἱκέσθαι after πρίν, standard construction for 'before X happens.'"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b13-l427","source":"ἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὐκ ὀΐω, πρὶν καί τινα γαῖα καθέξει","translation":"but I do not think it will happen—sooner the earth will cover some","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"that","note":"τά here is the old demonstrative use of ὁ/ἡ/τό as pronoun 'that (thing),' pre-dating the article."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"sooner"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθέξει","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέξει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καθέξει","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"will cover","note":"Future καθέξει, euphemism for death and burial: 'the earth will hold/cover some [suitor].'"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b13-l428","source":"ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, οἵ τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν.","translation":"of the suitors who are devouring your livelihood.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"suitors","note":"μνηστήρων 'suitors' — the central antagonists of the Odyssey, courting Penelope."},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"κατέδουσιν","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστήρων","gloss":"devour","note":"κατέδουσιν 'eat up, devour' vividly casts the suitors consuming Telemachus's estate."}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b13-l429","source":"ὣς ἄρα μιν φαμένη ῥάβδῳ ἐπεμάσσατʼ Ἀθήνη.","translation":"So speaking, Athena touched him with her wand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l429.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥάβδῳ","title":"The wand","body":"ῥάβδος is the magic staff Athena uses to transform Odysseus, the same kind of instrument associated with divine power over appearance."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαμένη","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεμάσσατ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φαμένη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμάσσατ᾽","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ῥάβδῳ","lemma":"ῥάβδος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμάσσατ᾽","gloss":"with wand","note":"ῥάβδος, Athena's magic wand used for transformation, echoing Circe's and Hermes's wands elsewhere."},{"surface":"ἐπεμάσσατ","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched","note":"ἐπεμάσσατ(ο), 'touched/stroked' — the verb of magical transformation-by-touch."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεμάσσατ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b13-l430","source":"κάρψεν μὲν χρόα καλὸν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι,","translation":"She shriveled the fine skin on his supple limbs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρψεν","lemma":"κάρφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withered","note":"κάρψεν 'dried up, shriveled' — Athena's disguise magic aging Odysseus's skin."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάρψεν","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γναμπτοῖσι","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλεσσι","gloss":"supple"},{"surface":"μέλεσσι","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b13-l431","source":"ξανθὰς δʼ ἐκ κεφαλῆς ὄλεσε τρίχας, ἀμφὶ δὲ δέρμα","translation":"destroyed the blond hair from his head, and over all his limbs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξανθὰς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρίχας","gloss":"golden","note":"ξανθός 'golden/blond' hair, a heroic-beauty marker Athena is about to erase."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ὄλεσε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"τρίχας","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὄλεσε","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"skin"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b13-l432","source":"πάντεσσιν μελέεσσι παλαιοῦ θῆκε γέροντος,","translation":"she put the skin of an old man,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντεσσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μελέεσσι","gloss":"on all"},{"surface":"μελέεσσι","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"παλαιοῦ","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of an old","note":"παλαιοῦ γέροντος 'of an old man' — genitive of the source/model skin Athena grafts onto him."},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put","note":"θῆκε (τίθημι) 'put/placed' — she put an old man's skin over his limbs, the disguise's core act."},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b13-l433","source":"κνύζωσεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε πάρος περικαλλέʼ ἐόντε·","translation":"and dimmed his eyes, that were so beautiful before;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνύζωσεν","lemma":"κνυζόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dimmed","note":"κνυζόω 'to dim, make bleary' — rare verb, only used of eyes losing their luster."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κνύζωσεν","gloss":"eyes","note":"ὄσσε is a dual noun 'two eyes,' an archaic Homeric dual form."},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περικαλλέ᾽","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περικαλλέ","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"ἐόντε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b13-l434","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν ῥάκος ἄλλο κακὸν βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,","translation":"she threw about him another garment, a sorry rag, and a tunic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥάκος","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥάκος","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥάκος","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw","note":"βάλεν (aorist of βάλλω) 'threw/cast' — she cast the beggar's rag and tunic onto him."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b13-l435","source":"ῥωγαλέα ῥυπόωντα, κακῷ μεμορυγμένα καπνῷ·","translation":"torn and filthy, begrimed with foul smoke;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥωγαλέα","lemma":"ῥωγαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"torn"},{"surface":"ῥυπόωντα","lemma":"ῥυπάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"filthy"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καπνῷ","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"μεμορυγμένα","lemma":"μορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"grimed","note":"μεμορυγμένα, perfect passive participle 'begrimed' — the smoke-stained, worn state of the beggar's clothes."},{"surface":"καπνῷ","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεμορυγμένα","gloss":"with smoke"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b13-l436","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν μέγα δέρμα ταχείης ἕσσʼ ἐλάφοιο,","translation":"and around him she cast the great hide of a swift deer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσ᾽","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"ταχείης","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάφοιο","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἕσσ","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she clad him","note":"ἕσσ(ε), pluperfect of ἕννυμι 'clothe' — used with aorist force here, 'had put on him.'"},{"surface":"ἐλάφοιο","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"of a deer"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b13-l437","source":"ψιλόν· δῶκε δέ οἱ σκῆπτρον καὶ ἀεικέα πήρην,","translation":"worn bare; and she gave him a staff and an unsightly bag,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψιλόν","lemma":"ψιλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"worn bare"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"staff","note":"σκῆπτρον here is a humble beggar's walking staff, ironic given its royal-scepter sense elsewhere."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"unsightly"},{"surface":"πήρην","lemma":"πήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"pouch"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b13-l438","source":"πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην· ἐν δὲ στρόφος ἦεν ἀορτήρ.","translation":"full of holes, with a twisted cord for a strap.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"full of","note":"πυκνά used adverbially with ῥωγαλέην, 'thickly/full of holes' — an unusual adjective-as-intensifier use."},{"surface":"ῥωγαλέην","lemma":"ῥωγαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"tattered"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρόφος","lemma":"στρόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀορτήρ","lemma":"ἀορτήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"strap"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b13-l439","source":"τώ γʼ ὣς βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν. ἡ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"When the two had made their plans thus, they parted. She then","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l439.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τώ ... βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν","title":"Dual of the planning pair","body":"τώ and βουλεύσαντε are dual forms again marking Odysseus and Athena as a pair before they split; διέτμαγεν means \"they parted.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διέτμαγεν","gloss":"the two","note":"τώ, dual pronoun 'the two of them' (Athena and Odysseus), matching the dual verb forms in this line."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύσαντε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"βουλεύσαντε","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to διέτμαγεν","gloss":"having planned","note":"βουλεύσαντε, dual aorist participle agreeing with τώ — 'the two having planned.'"},{"surface":"διέτμαγεν","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"parted","note":"διέτμαγεν, epic aorist passive 'were split apart/parted ways' — archaic root τμήγω 'to cut.'"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"next"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b13-l440","source":"ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν ἔβη μετὰ παῖδʼ Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"went to holy Lacedaemon, after the son of Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b13-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονα","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Lacedaemon","note":"Λακεδαίμων, i.e. Sparta, home of Menelaus and Helen, where Telemachus is visiting."},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]}]}