{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":14,"id":"book-14","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ξ","translated":"Book 14 — At the Hut of Eumaeus the Swineherd"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"The beggar goes to the hut of Eumaeus the swineherd, who feeds him and tells him the suitors are eating the house bare.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14","lines":533},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b14-l1","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ ἐκ λιμένος προσέβη τρηχεῖαν ἀταρπὸν","translation":"But he went up from the harbor along the rough track","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσέβη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the harbor"},{"surface":"προσέβη","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up","note":"προσβαίνω 'go toward/up'; aorist marks the completed climb from the shore."},{"surface":"τρηχεῖαν","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀταρπὸν","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"ἀταρπὸν","lemma":"ἀτραπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέβη","gloss":"track","note":"ἀτραπός is feminine despite the -ον ending, hence feminine adjective τρηχεῖαν agreeing with it."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b14-l2","source":"χῶρον ἀνʼ ὑλήεντα διʼ ἄκριας, ᾗ οἱ Ἀθήνη","translation":"through the wooded country, across the heights, to where Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν᾽","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through","note":"ἀνά governs χῶρον here; elided to ἀν᾽ before the vowel of ὑλήεντα."},{"surface":"ὑλήεντα","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ἄκριας","lemma":"ἄκρις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δι᾽","gloss":"the heights"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφραδε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέφραδε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέφραδε","gloss":"Athena","note":"subject of πέφραδε in the next line; sentence runs across the line break, typical of Homeric enjambment."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b14-l3","source":"πέφραδε δῖον ὑφορβόν, ὅ οἱ βιότοιο μάλιστα","translation":"had told him the noble swineherd was, who cared for his master's living","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῖον ὑφορβόν","title":"Noble swineherd","body":"Homer dignifies the lowly swineherd Eumaeus with the epithet 'noble' (dios), normally reserved for heroes. This marks him as a man of true worth despite his station."}],"words":[{"surface":"πέφραδε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of προσέβη","gloss":"had shown","note":"πέφραδε is a perfect-stem aorist ('pointed out'); governs the double accusative δῖον ὑφορβόν."},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβόν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβόν","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέφραδε","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κήδετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βιότοιο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κήδετο","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κήδετο","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b14-l4","source":"κήδετο οἰκήων, οὓς κτήσατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"most of all the household servants whom noble Odysseus had won.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδετο","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὑφορβόν","gloss":"cared for","note":"κήδετο + genitive βιότοιο, 'was concerned about'; imperfect for ongoing care."},{"surface":"οἰκήων","lemma":"οἰκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτήσατο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κτήσατο","lemma":"κτέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἰκήων","gloss":"had acquired","note":"κτέομαι middle voice: Odysseus acquired them 'for himself,' i.e. as his own property."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτήσατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b14-l5","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ εὗρʼ ἥμενον, ἔνθα οἱ\n                  αὐλὴ","translation":"He found him sitting in the front porch, where his courtyard","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προδόμῳ","lemma":"πρόδομος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the porch"},{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting","note":"ἧμαι is a perfect-form verb with present meaning ('be seated'); participle here as complement of εὗρε."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέδμητο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αὐλὴ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αὐλὴ","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδμητο","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b14-l6","source":"ὑψηλὴ δέδμητο, περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ,","translation":"had been built high, on a site with a view all around,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλὴ","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλὴ","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"δέδμητο","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing προδόμῳ","gloss":"had been built","note":"δέδμητο, pluperfect passive of δέμω, describes a prior state — the yard was already standing when Odysseus arrives."},{"surface":"περισκέπτῳ","lemma":"περίσκεπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῳ","gloss":"far-seen"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χώρῳ","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"a place"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b14-l7","source":"καλή τε μεγάλη τε, περίδρομος· ἥν ῥα συβώτης","translation":"both fair and large, with a clear run around it; this the swineherd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλή","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλη","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περίδρομος","lemma":"περίδρομος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"with room around it","note":"περίδρομος, a compound epithet ('running-around'), Homeric formula for an open enclosure."},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δείμαθ᾽","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b14-l8","source":"αὐτὸς δείμαθʼ ὕεσσιν ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος,","translation":"had built himself for the swine, while his master was away,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself","note":"αὐτὸς stresses that Eumaeus built it with his own hands, unaided."},{"surface":"δείμαθ","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"had built"},{"surface":"ὕεσσιν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δείμαθ᾽","gloss":"for the swine"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being away"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕεσσιν","gloss":"his master"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b14-l9","source":"νόσφιν δεσποίνης καὶ Λαέρταο γέροντος,","translation":"apart from his mistress and the old man Laertes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"δεσποίνης","lemma":"δέσποινα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"his mistress"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λαέρταο","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρταο","gloss":"the old man"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b14-l10","source":"ῥυτοῖσιν λάεσσι καὶ ἐθρίγκωσεν ἀχέρδῳ·","translation":"with quarried stones, and topped it with a coping of wild pear.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥυτοῖσιν","lemma":"ῥυτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λάεσσι","gloss":"quarried"},{"surface":"λάεσσι","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δείμαθ᾽","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθρίγκωσεν","lemma":"θριγκόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"topped with coping","note":"θριγκόω, 'crown with a coping-course'; a concrete builder's term, rare in Homer."},{"surface":"ἀχέρδῳ","lemma":"ἄχερδος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐθρίγκωσεν","gloss":"wild pear"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b14-l11","source":"σταυροὺς δʼ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,","translation":"Outside he drove a line of stakes the whole way round, this side and that,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταυροὺς","lemma":"σταυρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσε","gloss":"stakes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove","note":"ἐλαύνω 'drive in'; used concretely of hammering stakes into the ground."},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"through and through"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way","note":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, a formulaic phrase meaning 'all around, in every direction.'"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b14-l12","source":"πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας, τὸ μέλαν δρυὸς ἀμφικεάσσας·","translation":"set thick and close, splitting the dark heart of the oak.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνοὺς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαμέας","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"close-set"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies μέλαν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀμφικεάσσας","gloss":"dark part","note":"τὸ μέλαν, neuter adjective used as noun: 'the black (heartwood)' of the oak."},{"surface":"δρυὸς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μέλαν","gloss":"of oak"},{"surface":"ἀμφικεάσσας","lemma":"ἀμφικεάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"splitting"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b14-l13","source":"ἔντοσθεν δʼ αὐλῆς συφεοὺς δυοκαίδεκα ποίει","translation":"Inside the courtyard he made twelve sties,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"the courtyard"},{"surface":"συφεοὺς","lemma":"συφεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ποίει","gloss":"sties"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies συφεοὺς","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"ποίει","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made","note":"imperfect ποίει for a task carried out over time — building the twelve sties one by one."}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b14-l14","source":"πλησίον ἀλλήλων, εὐνὰς συσίν· ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῳ","translation":"close to one another, beds for the swine; and in each","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίον","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ποίει","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πλησίον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"εὐνὰς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"beds"},{"surface":"συσίν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies εὐνὰς","gloss":"for the swine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b14-l15","source":"πεντήκοντα σύες χαμαιευνάδες ἐρχατόωντο,","translation":"fifty pigs that sleep on the ground were penned,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies σύες","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"σύες","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"χαμαιευνάδες","lemma":"χαμαιεύνης","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies σύες","gloss":"ground-sleeping","note":"χαμαιεύνης, a compound epithet ('bed-on-earth') describing the sows' pen habits."},{"surface":"ἐρχατόωντο","lemma":"ἐρχατάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were penned"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b14-l16","source":"θήλειαι τοκάδες· τοὶ δʼ ἄρσενες ἐκτὸς ἴαυον,","translation":"breeding sows; but the boars slept outside,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήλειαι","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τοκάδες","gloss":"female"},{"surface":"τοκάδες","lemma":"τοκάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"breeding sows"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄρσενες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρσενες","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαυον","gloss":"males"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴαυον","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ἴαυον","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept","note":"ἰαύω, an epic verb for 'lodge for the night,' used of both animals and men in Homer."}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b14-l17","source":"πολλὸν παυρότεροι· τοὺς γὰρ μινύθεσκον ἔδοντες","translation":"far fewer in number, for the godlike suitors","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μινύθεσκον","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"The form minytheskon uses the -sk- suffix to mark repeated, habitual action in past time: the suitors kept dwindling the herd by eating it day after day."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by much","note":"πολλόν used adverbially with the comparative παυρότεροι: 'far fewer.'"},{"surface":"παυρότεροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fewer"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μινύθεσκον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μινύθεσκον","lemma":"μινύθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept dwindling","note":"μινύθεσκον, an iterative imperfect in -σκον: 'used to keep reducing,' repeated suitor feasting."},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μινύθεσκον","gloss":"eating"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b14-l18","source":"ἀντίθεοι μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ προΐαλλε συβώτης","translation":"kept dwindling them by eating, since the swineherd had to send","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεοι","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μινύθεσκον","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"προΐαλλε","lemma":"προιάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"kept sending","note":"προΐαλλε, imperfect 'sent forth repeatedly' — Eumaeus's recurring obligation to supply the suitors."},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προΐαλλε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b14-l19","source":"αἰεὶ ζατρεφέων σιάλων τὸν ἄριστον ἁπάντων·","translation":"always the best of all the fattened hogs;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προΐαλλε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ζατρεφέων","lemma":"ζατρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σιάλων","gloss":"well-fed"},{"surface":"σιάλων","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"hogs"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of προΐαλλε","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σιάλων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b14-l20","source":"οἱ δὲ τριηκόσιοί τε καὶ ἑξήκοντα πέλοντο.","translation":"and these came to three hundred and sixty in all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τριηκόσιοί","lemma":"τριακόσιοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑξήκοντα","lemma":"ἑξήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sixty","note":"360 is the count of the boars (ἄρσενες) specifically, not all the pigs on the farm; the 50 sows per sty (600 total) are counted separately in lines 15–16."},{"surface":"πέλοντο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"numbered"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b14-l21","source":"πὰρ δὲ κύνες, θήρεσσιν ἐοικότες αἰὲν ἴαυον","translation":"Beside them dogs, like wild beasts, slept always,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαυον","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"θήρεσσιν","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"wild beasts"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"resembling","note":"ἐοικότες, perfect participle of ἔοικα ('be like'), with dative object θήρεσσιν — fierce guard dogs likened to beasts."},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴαυον","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἴαυον","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b14-l22","source":"τέσσαρες, οὓς ἔθρεψε συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"four of them, which the swineherd had reared, that leader of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθρεψε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔθρεψε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύνες","gloss":"had reared"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader","note":"ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, a stock heroic epithet ('leader of men') applied here to the swineherd, elevating his status."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b14-l23","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἀμφὶ πόδεσσιν ἑοῖς ἀράρισκε πέδιλα,","translation":"He himself was fitting sandals to his feet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀράρισκε","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"ἑοῖς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδεσσιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀράρισκε","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fitting","note":"ἀραρίσκω 'fit together'; imperfect for the ongoing craft-work of shaping sandals."},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀράρισκε","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b14-l24","source":"τάμνων δέρμα βόειον ἐϋχροές· οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι","translation":"cutting an ox hide of good color; and the others,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάμνων","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀράρισκε","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάμνων","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"βόειον","lemma":"βόειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"ἐϋχροές","lemma":"εὐχροής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"of good color"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b14-l25","source":"ᾤχοντʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλος ἅμʼ ἀγρομένοισι σύεσσιν,","translation":"they had gone off, each his own way, with the gathered swine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχοντ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone off","note":"οἴχομαι, imperfect middle, common Homeric verb for 'be off/away' with implied continuing absence."},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχοντ᾽","gloss":"different ways"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀγρομένοισι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies σύεσσιν","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"σύεσσιν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"swine"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b14-l26","source":"οἱ τρεῖς· τὸν δὲ τέταρτον ἀποπροέηκε πόλινδε","translation":"the three of them; the fourth he had sent away to the city","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies τρεῖς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies τέταρτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τέταρτον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποπροέηκε","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἀποπροέηκε","lemma":"ἀποπροίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had sent off","note":"ἀποπροέηκε, a triple compound (ἀπό+πρό+ἵημι) intensifying the sense of sending far away, to the city."},{"surface":"πόλινδε","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀποπροέηκε","gloss":"to the city"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b14-l27","source":"σῦν ἀγέμεν μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ἀνάγκῃ,","translation":"to bring a hog for the overbearing suitors under compulsion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῦν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"a hog"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀποπροέηκε","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισιν","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγέμεν","gloss":"under compulsion","note":"ἀνάγκῃ dative of manner: forced by necessity, not choice — Eumaeus resents the suitors' demands."}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b14-l28","source":"ὄφρʼ ἱερεύσαντες κρειῶν κορεσαίατο θυμόν.","translation":"so that they might sacrifice it and glut their hearts with meat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἱερεύσαντες","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κορεσαίατο","gloss":"sacrificing"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κορεσαίατο","gloss":"of meat"},{"surface":"κορεσαίατο","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"might glut","note":"κορεσαίατο, aorist middle optative (3pl epic ending -αίατο) expressing purpose after ὄφρα."},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κορεσαίατο","gloss":"their heart"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b14-l29","source":"ἐξαπίνης δʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἴδον κύνες ὑλακόμωροι.","translation":"Suddenly the baying dogs caught sight of Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught sight of","note":"root ἰδ- 'see' with augment lost in epic; aorist ἴδον is the common narrative 'spotted'"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδον","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ὑλακόμωροι","lemma":"ὑλακόμωρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"baying","note":"compound ὑλακόμωρος, a formulaic epithet for baying dogs; the whole line recurs verbatim at Odyssey 16.4, so it is not a one-off coinage"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b14-l30","source":"οἱ μὲν κεκλήγοντες ἐπέδραμον· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"Yelping they rushed at him; but Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"κεκλήγοντες","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"yelping","note":"perfect-stem participle κεκλήγοντες used with present force, a common epic pattern for sustained noise"},{"surface":"ἐπέδραμον","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed at"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b14-l31","source":"ἕζετο κερδοσύνη, σκῆπτρον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.","translation":"sat down in his cunning, and the staff fell from his hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κερδοσύνη","title":"Cunning instinct","body":"Kerdosyne, 'shrewdness, cunning,' captures Odysseus's signature wit even in a small reflex: dogs are less likely to attack a man who sits and lowers himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down","note":"imperfect ἕζετο marks the ongoing action of crouching as the dogs close in"},{"surface":"κερδοσύνη","lemma":"κερδοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"cunningly","note":"dative of manner: 'in his cunning', i.e. shrewdly, not fighting the dogs"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b14-l32","source":"ἔνθα κεν ᾧ πὰρ σταθμῷ ἀεικέλιον πάθεν ἄλγος·","translation":"There by his own farmstead he would have suffered shameful hurt,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential]","note":"κεν + optative-equivalent aorist πάθεν gives an unreal past: 'he would have suffered'"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταθμῷ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"σταθμῷ","lemma":"σταθμόν","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"farmstead"},{"surface":"ἀεικέλιον","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγος","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"πάθεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγος","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πάθεν","gloss":"hurt"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b14-l33","source":"ἀλλὰ συβώτης ὦκα ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι μετασπὼν","translation":"but the swineherd, quick on his nimble feet, came after them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσυτ᾽","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυτ᾽","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυτ᾽","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"κραιπνοῖσι","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσὶ","gloss":"nimble"},{"surface":"μετασπὼν","lemma":"μεθέπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυτ᾽","gloss":"chasing after","note":"aorist participle μετασπών, from μεθέπω 'go after', vivid for the swineherd's dash"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b14-l34","source":"ἔσσυτʼ ἀνὰ πρόθυρον, σκῦτος δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.","translation":"and dashed out through the gateway, and the hide fell from his hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσυτ","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dashed","note":"σεύω middle 'rush'; the elided -το before a vowel is typical epic elision"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρόθυρον","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"gateway"},{"surface":"σκῦτος","lemma":"σκῦτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b14-l35","source":"τοὺς μὲν ὁμοκλήσας σεῦεν κύνας ἄλλυδις ἄλλον","translation":"With a shout he scattered the dogs, this way and that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[contrast]"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσας","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σεῦεν","gloss":"shouting at","note":"aorist participle ὁμοκλήσας, 'having shouted/rebuked', the standard verb for driving off dogs with a cry"},{"surface":"σεῦεν","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σεῦεν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σεῦεν","gloss":"this way and that","note":"adverbial pair ἄλλυδις ἄλλον, 'one this way, one that way' — a formulaic distributive idiom"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b14-l36","source":"πυκνῇσιν λιθάδεσσιν· ὁ δὲ προσέειπεν ἄνακτα·","translation":"with a hail of stones; then he spoke to his master:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνῇσιν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies λιθάδεσσιν","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"λιθάδεσσιν","lemma":"λιθάς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σεῦεν","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b14-l37","source":"ὦ γέρον, ἦ ὀλίγου σε κύνες διεδηλήσαντο","translation":"\"Old man, the dogs nearly tore you to pieces","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"vocative γέρον, the standard respectful address to the disguised Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὀλίγου","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to διεδηλήσαντο","gloss":"nearly","note":"genitive of degree ὀλίγου, literally 'by a little' — idiom for 'nearly, almost'"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of διεδηλήσαντο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διεδηλήσαντο","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"διεδηλήσαντο","lemma":"διαδηλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore apart"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b14-l38","source":"ἐξαπίνης, καί κέν μοι ἐλεγχείην κατέχευας.","translation":"in a moment, and you would have poured shame upon me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεδηλήσαντο","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential]"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέχευας","gloss":"on me"},{"surface":"ἐλεγχείην","lemma":"ἐλεγχείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχευας","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"κατέχευας","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"καταχέω 'pour down', metaphor for heaping blame/disgrace on someone"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b14-l39","source":"καὶ δέ μοι ἄλλα θεοὶ δόσαν ἄλγεά τε στοναχάς τε·","translation":"The gods have given me other sorrows and groans besides;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"on me"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεά","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἄλγεά","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε correlative 'both...and', linking ἄλγεα and στοναχάς as a paired formula"},{"surface":"στοναχάς","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b14-l40","source":"ἀντιθέου γὰρ ἄνακτος ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων","translation":"for grieving and mourning over my godlike master","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιθέου","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδυρόμενος","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"grieving for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mourning"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b14-l41","source":"ἧμαι, ἄλλοισιν δὲ σύας σιάλους ἀτιτάλλω","translation":"I sit here, and rear fat swine for others","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧμαι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I sit","note":"ἧμαι is the old athematic verb 'to sit'; κάθημαι is the later prefixed form (κατά + ἧμαι) that displaced it in prose, not the reverse"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισιν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀτιτάλλω","gloss":"for others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτιτάλλω","gloss":"swine"},{"surface":"σιάλους","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σύας","gloss":"fattened"},{"surface":"ἀτιτάλλω","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I rear"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b14-l42","source":"ἔδμεναι· αὐτὰρ κεῖνος ἐελδόμενός που ἐδωδῆς","translation":"to eat; while he, longing perhaps for food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀτιτάλλω","gloss":"to eat","note":"epic infinitive ἔδμεναι (for ἐσθίειν), the -μεναι ending typical of archaic Homeric infinitives"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πλάζετ᾽","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"ἐελδόμενός","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλάζετ᾽","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῆς","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐελδόμενός","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b14-l43","source":"πλάζετʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλοθρόων ἀνδρῶν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε,","translation":"wanders over the land and city of men of strange speech,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλλοθρόων","title":"Foreign-tongued","body":"Allothroon, literally 'speaking otherwise,' marks foreigners by their unfamiliar language, a recurring Homeric way of describing the alien lands of Odysseus's wanderings."}],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζετ","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wanders"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀλλοθρόων","lemma":"ἀλλόθροος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"foreign-speaking","note":"ἀλλόθροος 'of another tongue', a formula for foreign peoples encountered abroad"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δῆμόν","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b14-l44","source":"εἴ που ἔτι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο.","translation":"if indeed he still lives and sees the light of the sun.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρᾷ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρᾷ","gloss":"light","note":"φάος ἠελίοιο 'the light of the sun', a Homeric formula for being alive"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b14-l45","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεο, κλισίηνδʼ ἴομεν, γέρον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτός,","translation":"But follow me, let us go to the hut, old man, so that you too,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕπεο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"κλισίηνδ","lemma":"κλισίηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴομεν","gloss":"to the hut","note":"directional suffix -δε on κλισίηνδε, 'to/toward the hut', common Homeric motion-formation"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b14-l46","source":"σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο κορεσσάμενος κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"having filled your heart with food and wine,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"κορεσσάμενος","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃς","gloss":"having satisfied","note":"middle participle κορεσσάμενος, 'having filled oneself' — reflexive sense of satisfying one's own hunger"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b14-l47","source":"εἴπῃς ὁππόθεν ἐσσὶ καὶ ὁππόσα κήδεʼ ἀνέτλης.","translation":"may tell where you are from and how many troubles you have endured.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπῃς","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may tell"},{"surface":"ὁππόθεν","lemma":"ὁπόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσὶ","gloss":"whence"},{"surface":"ἐσσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁππόσα","lemma":"ὁπόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέτλης","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"ἀνέτλης","lemma":"ἀνατλῆναι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"endured","note":"root ταλ- 'to bear/endure'; often popularly linked to the name Atlas, though that etymology is disputed, not established"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b14-l48","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν κλισίηνδʼ ἡγήσατο δῖος ὑφορβός,","translation":"So speaking, the noble swineherd led the way to the hut,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"κλισίηνδ","lemma":"κλισίηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"to the hut"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβός","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβός","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b14-l49","source":"εἷσεν δʼ εἰσαγαγών, ῥῶπας δʼ ὑπέχευε δασείας,","translation":"brought him in and seated him, and spread out thick brushwood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated","note":"causative aorist εἷσεν 'made sit', from ἵζω — distinct from ἕζετο 'sat (himself)' earlier"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσαγαγών","lemma":"εἰσάγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσεν","gloss":"bringing in"},{"surface":"ῥῶπας","lemma":"ῥώψ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέχευε","gloss":"brushwood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέχευε","lemma":"ὑποχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"δασείας","lemma":"δασύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥῶπας","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b14-l50","source":"ἐστόρεσεν δʼ ἐπὶ δέρμα ἰονθάδος ἀγρίου αἰγός,","translation":"and laid on it the hide of a shaggy wild goat,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐστόρεσεν","lemma":"στόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid on it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐστόρεσεν","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"ἰονθάδος","lemma":"ἰονθάς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγός","gloss":"shaggy","note":"rare adjective ἰονθάς 'downy/shaggy', found almost only here in Homer"},{"surface":"ἀγρίου","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγός","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"αἰγός","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"goat"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b14-l51","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνεύναιον, μέγα καὶ δασύ. χαῖρε δʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"his own bedding, great and thick. And Odysseus rejoiced","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνεύναιον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐνεύναιον","lemma":"ἐνεύναιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"bedding"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δασύ","lemma":"δασύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b14-l52","source":"ὅττι μιν ὣς ὑπέδεκτο, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"that he received him so, and spoke a word and addressed him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ὑπέδεκτο","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅττι","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔπος τ' ἔφατ' ἔκ τ' ὀνόμαζεν, a recurring Homeric formula introducing direct speech"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b14-l53","source":"Ζεύς τοι δοίη, ξεῖνε, καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ\n                     ἄλλοι","translation":"\"May Zeus grant you, stranger, and the other immortal gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l53.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δοίη","title":"Optative of wish","body":"Doie is an aorist optative expressing a wish or prayer: 'may Zeus grant.' The optative is the Greek mood for what one hopes or wishes might happen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may grant","note":"optative δοίη expressing a wish, 'may Zeus give' — a common prayer formula"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b14-l54","source":"ὅττι μάλιστʼ ἐθέλεις, ὅτι με πρόφρων ὑπέδεξο.","translation":"whatever you most desire, since you have welcomed me with a willing heart.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"μάλιστ","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"you desire"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέδεξο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly","note":"πρόφρων, 'with willing/eager heart' — a stock adverbial epithet of hospitality"},{"surface":"ὑπέδεξο","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"welcomed"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b14-l55","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then in answer you spoke to him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l55.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Apostrophe to Eumaeus","body":"The poet turns to address Eumaeus directly in the second person ('you spoke'), a rare and affectionate device reserved for a few sympathetic characters. The verb is a second-person imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd","note":"this vocative accompanies the poem's unique second-person apostrophe to Eumaeus (προσέφης, 'you spoke'), a narrative device Homer uses only for this character"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b14-l56","source":"ξεῖνʼ, οὔ μοι θέμις ἔστʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ κακίων σέθεν ἔλθοι,","translation":"\"Stranger, it is not right for me, even if one poorer than you should come,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right","note":"θέμις 'divine custom/right' — hospitality as a sacred obligation, not mere courtesy"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"κακίων","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"poorer"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies κακίων","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should come"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b14-l57","source":"ξεῖνον ἀτιμῆσαι· πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες","translation":"to dishonor a stranger; for all are from Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτιμῆσαι","gloss":"a stranger"},{"surface":"ἀτιμῆσαι","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"to dishonor","note":"Aorist infinitive after an understood 'it is (wrong)' — epexegetic infinitive."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Zeus","note":"Genitive Διός: 'from Zeus' — source/origin genitive with πρός."},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b14-l58","source":"ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε· δόσις δʼ ὀλίγη τε φίλη τε","translation":"both strangers and beggars; and a gift, though small, is welcome","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνοί","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πτωχοί","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"beggars"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόσις","lemma":"δόσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"a gift"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"δ' links clauses; τε...τε...δέ mixing shows loose epic coordination, not strict grammar."},{"surface":"ὀλίγη","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b14-l59","source":"γίγνεται ἡμετέρη· ἡ γὰρ δμώων δίκη ἐστὶν","translation":"when it comes from us; for this is the way of servants,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes","note":"γίγνεται 'becomes/comes to be' governs ἡμετέρη as predicate: 'the gift becomes ours.'"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρη","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δόσις","gloss":"ours"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμῶος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δίκη","gloss":"of servants"},{"surface":"δίκη","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the way","note":"δίκη here means 'custom/due' not 'justice' — a common Homeric sense shift."},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b14-l60","source":"αἰεὶ δειδιότων, ὅτʼ ἐπικρατέωσιν ἄνακτες","translation":"always in fear, when new masters hold the power over them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δειδιότων","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fearing","note":"Perfect participle δειδιότων used with present force ('being afraid') — a defective-perfect verb of emotion."},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέωσιν","lemma":"ἐπικρατέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ᾽","gloss":"hold power","note":"Subjunctive with ὅτε for a general/repeated temporal clause ('whenever')."},{"surface":"ἄνακτες","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"masters"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b14-l61","source":"οἱ νέοι. ἦ γὰρ τοῦ γε θεοὶ κατὰ νόστον ἔδησαν,","translation":"the young ones. For truly the gods have blocked the homecoming of that man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l61.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"Nostos","body":"Nostos, 'homecoming, return,' is the great theme of the whole poem. Here the gods are said to have 'bound' Odysseus's return, keeping him from home."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies νέοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπικρατέωσιν","gloss":"young ones"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of that man","note":"τοῦ γε: emphatic genitive pronoun, 'of that very man' — refers to Odysseus."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδησαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"concerning"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδησαν","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἔδησαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blocked","note":"κατὰ νόστον ἔδησαν, lit. 'bound down his return' — vivid image of the gods thwarting nostos."}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b14-l62","source":"ὅς κεν ἔμʼ ἐνδυκέως ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσεν,","translation":"who would have loved me kindly and given me possessions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κεν + imperfect ἐφίλει: unreal past condition, 'would have loved.'"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφίλει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίλει","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἐφίλει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτῆσιν","lemma":"κτῆσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ὄπασσεν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"given"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b14-l64","source":"οἶκόν τε κλῆρόν τε πολυμνήστην τε γυναῖκα,","translation":"a house, a plot of land, and a much-courted wife,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκόν","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"a house"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλῆρόν","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"a plot of land"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολυμνήστην","lemma":"πολυμνήστη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"much-courted","note":"πολυμνήστην 'much-wooed' — an epic compound epithet praising the wife's desirability."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"a wife"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b14-l63","source":"οἷά τε ᾧ οἰκῆϊ ἄναξ εὔθυμος ἔδωκεν,","translation":"such things as a kind-hearted master gives to his servant","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰκῆϊ","gloss":"his own","note":"ᾧ from possessive ἑός, archaic 3rd-person 'his own' — distinct from the article ὁ."},{"surface":"οἰκῆϊ","lemma":"οἰκεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"a master"},{"surface":"εὔθυμος","lemma":"εὔθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"kind-hearted"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"gives"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b14-l65","source":"ὅς οἱ πολλὰ κάμῃσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργον ἀέξῃ,","translation":"who has labored much for him, and whose work a god has increased,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάμῃσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάμῃσι","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κάμῃσι","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κάμῃσι","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"has labored"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀέξῃ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀέξῃ","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἀέξῃ","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"increases","note":"Present subjunctive ἀέξῃ paired with aorist κάμῃσι: general/gnomic condition about master-servant reciprocity."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b14-l66","source":"ὡς καὶ ἐμοὶ τόδε ἔργον ἀέξεται, ᾧ ἐπιμίμνω.","translation":"as this work of mine has grown, at which I stay.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀέξεται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀέξεται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀέξεται","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἀέξεται","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀέξῃ","gloss":"has grown","note":"Eumaeus applies the general maxim to himself: his own work has prospered under a good master."},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιμίμνω","gloss":"at which"},{"surface":"ἐπιμίμνω","lemma":"ἐπιμίμνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργον","gloss":"I remain"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b14-l67","source":"τῷ κέ με πόλλʼ ὤνησεν ἄναξ, εἰ αὐτόθʼ ἐγήρα·","translation":"So my master would have greatly rewarded me, had he grown old here;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤνησεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κέ + aorist indicative ὤνησεν: unreal past ('would have rewarded'); the εἰ-clause stating the condition (εἰ αὐτόθ᾽ ἐγήρα) follows later in this same line, not the next line."},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤνησεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὤνησεν","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὤνησεν","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rewarded"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤνησεν","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"αὐτόθ","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγήρα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐγήρα","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had grown old"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b14-l68","source":"ἀλλʼ ὄλεθʼ—ὡς ὤφελλʼ Ἑλένης ἀπὸ φῦλον ὀλέσθαι","translation":"but he is gone. Would that Helen's whole breed had perished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὤφελλ","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄλεθ᾽","gloss":"would that","note":"ὤφελ(λ)ε + infinitive: fixed idiom for an unattainable wish, 'would that X had happened.'"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φῦλον","gloss":"Helen's"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"Tmesis: ἀπό is a detached preverb reinforcing ὀλέσθαι (= ἀπόλλυμι, 'utterly perish'), not a preposition governing Ἑλένης ('from Helen')."},{"surface":"φῦλον","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"whole breed"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελλ᾽","gloss":"had perished"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b14-l69","source":"πρόχνυ, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε·","translation":"utterly, since she loosed the knees of many men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l69.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε","title":"Loosed the knees","body":"A formulaic phrase for killing: to 'loose the knees' of a man is to slay him, making the body collapse. Homer favors such concrete bodily images for death."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρόχνυ","lemma":"πρόχνυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνατ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσε","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"loosed","note":"'loosen the knees' is a Homeric formula for killing in battle — knees buckling in death."}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b14-l70","source":"καὶ γὰρ κεῖνος ἔβη Ἀγαμέμνονος εἵνεκα τιμῆς","translation":"for he too went, for the honor of Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τιμῆς","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b14-l71","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς εὔπωλον, ἵνα Τρώεσσι μάχοιτο.","translation":"to Ilium of the fine horses, to fight against the Trojans.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὔπωλον","lemma":"εὔπωλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"fine-horsed","note":"εὔπωλος, 'rich in colts' — a standard formulaic epithet for Troy."},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might fight"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b14-l72","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ζωστῆρι θοῶς συνέεργε χιτῶνα,","translation":"So speaking, he quickly bound up his tunic with a belt,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέεργε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρι","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to συνέεργε","gloss":"with a belt"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνέεργε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"συνέεργε","lemma":"συνέργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound up"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συνέεργε","gloss":"his tunic"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b14-l73","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἐς συφεούς, ὅθι ἔθνεα ἔρχατο χοίρων.","translation":"and went off to the sties, where the droves of piglets were penned.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"βῆ ἴμεν, 'went to go' — pleonastic Homeric idiom pairing a finite verb of motion with an infinitive."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"συφεούς","lemma":"συφεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the sties"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἔθνεα","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρχατο","gloss":"droves"},{"surface":"ἔρχατο","lemma":"ἔργνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing συφεούς","gloss":"were penned"},{"surface":"χοίρων","lemma":"χοῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"of piglets"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b14-l74","source":"ἔνθεν ἑλὼν δύʼ ἔνεικε καὶ ἀμφοτέρους ἱέρευσεν,","translation":"From there he took two, and sacrificed them both;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνεικε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρους","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἱέρευσεν","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrificed"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b14-l75","source":"εὗσέ τε μίστυλλέν τε καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειρεν.","translation":"he singed them and cut them up and skewered them on spits.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗσέ","lemma":"εὕω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"singed","note":"εὕω: to singe off bristles before butchering — vivid concrete detail of pig-sacrifice ritual."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μίστυλλέν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπειρεν","gloss":"spits"},{"surface":"ἔπειρεν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"skewered"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b14-l76","source":"ὀπτήσας δʼ ἄρα πάντα φέρων παρέθηκʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ","translation":"When he had roasted it all, he brought it and set it before Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀπτήσας","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκ᾽","gloss":"having roasted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀπτήσας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκ᾽","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"παρέθηκ","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set before","note":"Two participles (ὀπτήσας, φέρων) stack before the main verb — typical Homeric layering of action."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b14-l77","source":"θέρμʼ αὐτοῖς ὀβελοῖσιν· ὁ δʼ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνεν·","translation":"hot, still on the spits; and he sprinkled it with white barley meal.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θέρμ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀβελοῖσιν","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παρέθηκ᾽","gloss":"spits"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάλυνεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάλυνεν","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλφιτα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"πάλυνεν","lemma":"παλύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprinkled"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b14-l78","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα κισσυβίῳ κίρνη μελιηδέα οἶνον,","translation":"Then in an ivy-wood bowl he mixed honey-sweet wine,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κισσυβίῳ","lemma":"κισσύβιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a bowl","note":"κισσύβιον, 'ivy-wood cup' — a rustic herdsman's vessel, marking Eumaeus's humble household."},{"surface":"κίρνη","lemma":"κιρνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κίρνη","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b14-l79","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἀντίον ἷζεν, ἐποτρύνων δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"and sat down himself opposite, and urging him on he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἷζεν","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"ἷζεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνων","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b14-l80","source":"ἔσθιε νῦν, ὦ ξεῖνε, τά τε δμώεσσι πάρεστι,","translation":"\"Eat now, stranger, such as is here for servants,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθιε","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσθιε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"what","note":"τά introduces a relative clause, 'the things which' — antecedent implied ('food')."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δμώεσσι","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πάρεστι","gloss":"for servants"},{"surface":"πάρεστι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔσθιε","gloss":"is here"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b14-l81","source":"χοίρεʼ· ἀτὰρ σιάλους γε σύας μνηστῆρες ἔδουσιν,","translation":"young pig; the fatted hogs the suitors devour,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χοίρε","lemma":"χοίρειος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"young pig"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σιάλους","lemma":"σιάλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σύας","gloss":"fatted"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σύας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"hogs"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"the suitors","note":"μνηστῆρες, 'the suitors' of Penelope — reintroduces the poem's central antagonists via contrast."},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b14-l82","source":"οὐκ ὄπιδα φρονέοντες ἐνὶ φρεσὶν οὐδʼ ἐλεητύν.","translation":"having no thought in their hearts of divine wrath, nor pity.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὄπιδα","lemma":"ὄπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φρονέοντες","gloss":"divine wrath","note":"ὄπις, dread of the gods' watchful anger — a key moral concept the suitors lack."},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having thought"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"their hearts"},{"surface":"ἐλεητύν","lemma":"ἐλεητύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b14-l83","source":"οὐ μὲν σχέτλια ἔργα θεοὶ μάκαρες φιλέουσιν,","translation":"Yet the blessed gods love not reckless deeds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχέτλια","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φιλέουσιν","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"φιλέουσιν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b14-l84","source":"ἀλλὰ δίκην τίουσι καὶ αἴσιμα ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"but honor justice and the lawful deeds of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δίκην","title":"Dike: justice","body":"Dike, 'justice, right order,' is what the gods reward; aisima erga are 'fitting, lawful deeds.' Eumaeus sets up the moral standard the suitors violate."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δίκην","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"justice"},{"surface":"τίουσι","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"lawful"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"of men","note":"Eumaeus's moral maxim frames the whole speech: the gods reward δίκη over ὕβρις, foreshadowing the suitors' fate."}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b14-l85","source":"καὶ μὲν δυσμενέες καὶ ἀνάρσιοι, οἵ τʼ ἐπὶ γαίης","translation":"Even enemies and hostile men, who land upon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δυσμενέες","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"enemies","note":"δυσμενής 'ill-disposed' — literally 'bad-minded', used substantively for 'enemies'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάρσιοι","lemma":"ἀνάρσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"hostile men"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῶσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"land","note":"γαίης is epic genitive after ἐπί, 'upon (a stretch of) land' rather than accusative of motion."}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b14-l86","source":"ἀλλοτρίης βῶσιν καί σφι Ζεὺς ληΐδα δώῃ,","translation":"a foreign shore, and Zeus grants them plunder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίης","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"βῶσιν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"set foot","note":"aorist subjunctive βῶσιν (from βαίνω) in a general/future-vivid clause: 'whenever they land'."},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ληΐδα","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"plunder"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"grants","note":"subjunctive δώῃ paired with βῶσιν: both verbs project a hypothetical general case, 'whenever... and Zeus grants...'."}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b14-l87","source":"πλησάμενοι δέ τε νῆας ἔβαν οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι,","translation":"and they fill their ships and go off home again,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησάμενοι","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"having filled","note":"middle participle πλησάμενοι: 'filling for themselves' — the middle voice marks self-interested action (loading their own ships)."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(indeed)"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πλησάμενοι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"went","note":"ἔβαν, unaugmented epic aorist of βαίνω (root aorist)."},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"homeward","note":"-δε suffix on οἶκον marks motion 'to home', a common Homeric directional ending."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b14-l88","source":"καὶ μὲν τοῖς ὄπιδος κρατερὸν δέος ἐν φρεσὶ πίπτει.","translation":"even into their hearts falls a strong fear of divine vengeance.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίπτει","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"ὄπιδος","lemma":"ὄπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"of vengeance","note":"ὄπις = divine retribution/watchfulness, a key Homeric moral concept for how gods punish wrongdoing."},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πίπτει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hearts","note":"φρεσί, dative plural of φρήν, the seat of thought/emotion — 'falls into their hearts'."},{"surface":"πίπτει","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b14-l89","source":"οἵδε δὲ καί τι ἴσασι, θεοῦ δέ τινʼ ἔκλυον αὐδήν,","translation":"But these men know something, they have heard some voice of a god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσασι","gloss":"these men","note":"ὅδε 'this/these here' points deictically at the suitors present, contrasting with strangers just described."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴσασι","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"ἴσασι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know","note":"ἴσασι, perfect-form of οἶδα used with present sense: 'they know'."},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐδήν","gloss":"of a god"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies αὐδήν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard","note":"ἔκλυον, imperfect of κλύω, 'kept hearing/have heard' — a rumor already circulating."},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b14-l90","source":"κείνου λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον, ὅτʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσι δικαίως","translation":"his grim destruction, since they are unwilling to woo justly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"that man's","note":"κείνου = Odysseus, referred to obliquely; the suitors avoid naming him directly."},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"are willing"},{"surface":"δικαίως","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνᾶσθαι","gloss":"justly"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b14-l91","source":"μνᾶσθαι οὐδὲ νέεσθαι ἐπὶ σφέτερʼ, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλοι","translation":"nor to go back to their own homes, but at their ease","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνᾶσθαι","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"to woo","note":"μνᾶσθαι, middle infinitive of μνάομαι 'to court/woo', the technical verb for the suitors' courtship of Penelope."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"σφέτερ","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"their own (homes)"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease","note":"ἕκηλοι, 'undisturbed, at their leisure' — pointed irony, since they are idly consuming another's estate."}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b14-l92","source":"κτήματα δαρδάπτουσιν ὑπέρβιον, οὐδʼ ἔπι φειδώ.","translation":"they devour his goods recklessly, and there is no sparing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"δαρδάπτουσιν","lemma":"δαρδάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"devour","note":"δαρδάπτουσιν, a vivid onomatopoeic-feeling verb for tearing/devouring, used of animals ravaging prey."},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιον","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"φειδώ","lemma":"φειδώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sparing"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b14-l93","source":"ὅσσαι γὰρ νύκτες τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐκ Διός εἰσιν,","translation":"For as many nights and days as come from Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νύκτες","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέραι","lemma":"ἡμέρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"come","note":"εἰσιν 'are/come' — days and nights framed as gifts sent from Zeus, tying time itself to divine order."}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b14-l94","source":"οὔ ποθʼ ἓν ἱρεύουσʼ ἱερήϊον, οὐδὲ δύʼ οἴω·","translation":"never do they sacrifice one victim, nor two only;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποθ","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱρεύουσ᾽","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἓν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱερήϊον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἱρεύουσ","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrifice"},{"surface":"ἱερήϊον","lemma":"ἱερεῖον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱρεύουσ᾽","gloss":"victim"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only","note":"οἴω here is the dual adjective 'alone/only' agreeing with the implied dual victims, matching δύ' (two)."}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b14-l95","source":"οἶνον δὲ φθινύθουσιν ὑπέρβιον ἐξαφύοντες.","translation":"and they waste his wine, drawing it off without measure.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φθινύθουσιν","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waste"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιον","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἐξαφύοντες","lemma":"ἐξαφύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"drawing off","note":"ἐξαφύοντες, participle from ἐξαφύω 'draw out (liquid)', vivid image of tapping the wine-jars dry."}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b14-l96","source":"ἦ γάρ οἱ ζωή γʼ ἦν ἄσπετος· οὔ τινι τόσση","translation":"For truly his living was beyond telling; no other man had so much,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ζωή","lemma":"ζωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"living","note":"ζωή 'livelihood, means of life' — his wealth/estate, not simply 'life'."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"beyond telling"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τινι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τόσση","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"so much"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b14-l97","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων, οὔτʼ ἠπείροιο μελαίνης","translation":"of all the heroes, neither on the dark mainland","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινι","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"heroes","note":"ἡρώων in apposition to ἀνδρῶν, the standard Homeric formula elevating warriors/nobles to heroic status."},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"mainland"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠπείροιο","gloss":"dark","note":"μελαίνης 'dark, black' modifying mainland — a fixed Homeric epithet for land, echoing 'wine-dark sea'."}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b14-l98","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἰθάκης· οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν","translation":"nor in Ithaca itself; not even twenty men together","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκης","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"in Ithaca"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"ξυνεείκοσι","lemma":"ξυνεείκοσι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"twenty together","note":"Rare compound adverb, 'twenty [men] combined,' from σύν + εἴκοσι."},{"surface":"φωτῶν","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ξυνεείκοσι","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b14-l99","source":"ἔστʼ ἄφενος τοσσοῦτον· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω.","translation":"have such wealth; and I will count it out for you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"ἄφενος","lemma":"ἄφενος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"τοσσοῦτον","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄφενος","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"κέ(ν), the epic equivalent of ἄν, marking the future statement as a promise/likely event."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will recount"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b14-l100","source":"δώδεκʼ ἐν ἠπείρῳ ἀγέλαι· τόσα πώεα οἰῶν,","translation":"Twelve herds of cattle on the mainland; as many flocks of sheep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκ","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀγέλαι","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠπείρῳ","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mainland"},{"surface":"ἀγέλαι","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"herds","note":"ἀγέλαι, herds of cattle — start of Eumaeus's inventory-style catalog of Odysseus's flocks, a Homeric list formula."},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"πώεα","lemma":"πῶυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"of sheep"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b14-l101","source":"τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν","translation":"as many droves of swine, as many broad herds of goats","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies συβόσια","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"συῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies συβόσια","gloss":"of swine"},{"surface":"συβόσια","lemma":"συβόσιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"droves","note":"συβόσια, a rare compound noun (σῦς+βόσκω) meaning specifically 'droves of swine', fitting Eumaeus's pig-herding world."},{"surface":"τόσ","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"αἰπόλια","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"πλατέ","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b14-l102","source":"βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ αὐτοῦ βώτορες ἄνδρες.","translation":"are pastured by strangers and by his own herdsmen.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βόσκουσι","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are pastured"},{"surface":"ξεῖνοί","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"βώτορες","lemma":"βώτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"herdsmen"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b14-l103","source":"ἐνθάδε δʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν ἕνδεκα πάντα","translation":"And here broad herds of goats, eleven in all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπόλια","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of βόσκοντ᾽","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"πλατέ","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"ἕνδεκα","lemma":"ἕνδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"eleven"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b14-l104","source":"ἐσχατιῇ βόσκοντʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὄρονται.","translation":"graze at the far end of the island, and good men watch over them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσχατιῇ","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to βόσκοντ᾽","gloss":"at the far edge","note":"ἐσχατιῇ, 'border land, edge of the estate' — where herds grazed farthest from the household, a realistic Homeric estate detail."},{"surface":"βόσκοντ","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"graze"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over","note":"ἐπὶ is the tmesis preverb of ἐπιόρονται ('watch over'), split from ὄρονται (w7) by Homeric word order — it does not mean 'and'; the coordinating 'and' is δ' (w4)."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρονται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ὄρονται","lemma":"ὄρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watch over"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b14-l105","source":"τῶν αἰεί σφιν ἕκαστος ἐπʼ ἤματι μῆλον ἀγινεῖ,","translation":"Each of these men brings them, day by day, a beast,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἕκαστος","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγινεῖ","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγινεῖ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀγινεῖ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"μῆλον","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγινεῖ","gloss":"beast"},{"surface":"ἀγινεῖ","lemma":"ἀγινέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings","note":"ἀγινεῖ, iterative-flavored present of ἀγινέω 'keep bringing', fitting the daily routine described."}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b14-l106","source":"ζατρεφέων αἰγῶν ὅς τις φαίνηται ἄριστος.","translation":"whichever of the fattened goats seems the best.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζατρεφέων","lemma":"ζατρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγῶν","gloss":"well-fed","note":"ζατρεφέων, epic intensive prefix ζα- + τρέφω 'nourish', 'very well-fed goats'."},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φαίνηται","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"(indefinite)"},{"surface":"φαίνηται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῆλον","gloss":"seems","note":"subjunctive φαίνηται in a general relative clause, 'whichever [each day] happens to seem best'."},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b14-l107","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῦς τάσδε φυλάσσω τε ῥύομαί τε,","translation":"But I guard and protect these swine here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σῦς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"swine"},{"surface":"τάσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies σῦς","gloss":"these here"},{"surface":"φυλάσσω","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guard"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥύομαί","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"protect","note":"ῥύομαι middle 'ward off (harm) for myself/mine' — Eumaeus as devoted, self-effacing steward."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b14-l108","source":"καί σφι συῶν τὸν ἄριστον ἐῢ κρίνας ἀποπέμπω.","translation":"and pick out the best of the hogs and send it to them.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποπέμπω","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"συῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the hogs"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποπέμπω","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρίνας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κρίνας","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποπέμπω","gloss":"choosing"},{"surface":"ἀποπέμπω","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send off"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b14-l109","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ ἐνδυκέως κρέα τʼ ἤσθιε πῖνέ τε\n                  οἶνον","translation":"So he spoke; and the other eagerly ate the meat and drank the wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"he","note":"ὁ used as a full demonstrative pronoun 'he/that one', the older Homeric use before ὁ/ἡ/τό became just the article."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤσθιε","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤσθιε","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤσθιε","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was eating"},{"surface":"πῖνέ","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drinking"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πῖνέ","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b14-l110","source":"ἁρπαλέως ἀκέων, κακὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσι φύτευεν.","translation":"greedily, in silence; and he was sowing trouble for the suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l110.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φύτευεν","title":"Plotting evil (imperfect)","body":"Phyteuen, literally 'was planting,' is used metaphorically of sowing or contriving evil. The imperfect tense shows the ongoing scheming in Odysseus's mind as he eats."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἁρπαλέως","lemma":"ἁρπαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"greedily"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκέων, 'quietly, without speaking' — Odysseus hides his identity and feelings even while dining as a guest."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φύτευεν","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φύτευεν","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"φύτευεν","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was sowing","note":"φύτευεν, literally 'was planting' — a metaphor for Odysseus plotting future revenge on the suitors."}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b14-l111","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δείπνησε καὶ ἤραρε θυμὸν ἐδωδῇ,","translation":"But when he had dined and satisfied his heart with food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δείπνησε","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had dined"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤραρε","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"satisfied","note":"ἤραρε, root aorist of ἀραρίσκω 'fit, satisfy' — literally 'fitted his heart with food', a Homeric idiom for being full."},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤραρε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῇ","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤραρε","gloss":"with food"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b14-l112","source":"καί οἱ πλησάμενος δῶκε σκύφον, ᾧ περ ἔπινεν,","translation":"the swineherd filled the cup from which he himself drank and gave it to him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πλησάμενος","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"having filled","note":"πλησάμενος middle, 'filling (for himself/his own use)' — the cup he ordinarily used, now shared with a guest."},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"σκύφον","lemma":"σκύφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπινεν","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπινεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σκύφον","gloss":"he drank"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b14-l113","source":"οἴνου ἐνίπλειον· ὁ δʼ ἐδέξατο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ,","translation":"brimful of wine; and Odysseus took it, and his heart was glad,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴνου","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνίπλειον","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"ἐνίπλειον","lemma":"ἔμπλεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"brimful","note":"ἐνίπλειον (ἐν-+πλέος) 'filled up full', emphatic compound stressing Eumaeus's generous hospitality."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b14-l114","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and he spoke to him and addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The formulaic phrase 'winged words' (epea pteroenta) is one of Homer's most recurrent epithets for speech. We keep the literal image."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"πτερόεντα ἔπεα 'winged words' is a Homeric formula, repeated whenever speech begins."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed","note":"Imperfect προσηύδα marks formulaic speech-introduction, common at line end."}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b14-l115","source":"ὦ φίλε, τίς γάρ σε πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν,","translation":"\"My friend, who was it that bought you with his own wealth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πρίατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πρίατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρίατο","lemma":"πρίαμαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bought","note":"πρίατο is an athematic aorist middle of πρίαμαι — root aorist with no thematic vowel."},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσιν","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρίατο","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἑοῖσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσιν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b14-l116","source":"ὧδε μάλʼ ἀφνειὸς καὶ καρτερὸς ὡς ἀγορεύεις;","translation":"a man so rich and so powerful as you describe?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀφνειὸς","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καρτερὸς","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"powerful"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"as","note":"ὡς here introduces a comparative clause, 'as you describe.'"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὧδε","gloss":"you describe"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b14-l117","source":"φῆς δʼ αὐτὸν φθίσθαι Ἀγαμέμνονος εἵνεκα τιμῆς.","translation":"You say he perished for the sake of Agamemnon's honor.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆς","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you say"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of φθίσθαι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"φθίσθαι","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of φῆς","gloss":"perished","note":"φθίσθαι, aorist middle infinitive of φθίω, as object of φῆς — indirect statement without ὅτι."},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τιμῆς","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b14-l118","source":"εἰπέ μοι, αἴ κέ ποθι γνώω τοιοῦτον ἐόντα.","translation":"Tell me, in case I might somewhere have known such a man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"γνώω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"I might know","note":"Aorist subjunctive γνώω after αἴ κε introduces a conditional clause of purpose ('in case I might learn'), not a full if-then conditional sentence."},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a man"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of γνώω","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b14-l119","source":"Ζεὺς γάρ που τό γε οἶδε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι,","translation":"For Zeus surely knows this, and the other immortal gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows","note":"Perfect οἶδε with present sense — the classic Greek 'know' verb, always perfect in form."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b14-l120","source":"εἴ κέ μιν ἀγγείλαιμι ἰδών· ἐπὶ πολλὰ δʼ ἀλήθην.","translation":"whether I might report having seen him; for I have wandered far.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l120.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλήθην","title":"Aorist of wandering","body":"ἀλήθην is the aorist passive of ἀλάομαι, 'I wandered.' Homer often uses the aorist for the speaker's whole completed history of roaming."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδών","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀγγείλαιμι","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"I might report","note":"Optative ἀγγείλαιμι in a deliberative/wish clause with εἴ κε — 'in case I might report.'"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγγείλαιμι","gloss":"having seen"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀλήθην","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλήθην","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have wandered","note":"ἀλήθην, root aorist of ἀλάομαι 'wander' (medio-passive in form). Unrelated to the epithet πολύτλας, which derives from τλάω 'endure.'"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b14-l121","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"Then the swineherd answered him, leader of men:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"swineherd","note":"συβώτης, the standard title for Eumaeus, often but not always paired with the epithet ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν."},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b14-l122","source":"ὦ γέρον, οὔ τις κεῖνον ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθὼν","translation":"\"Old man, no man wandering and coming here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρον, vocative addressing the disguised Odysseus, with implied 'stranger' elided."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀγγέλλων","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πείσειε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀλαλήμενος","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πείσειε","gloss":"wandering","note":"ἀλαλήμενος, perfect middle participle from the same root as ἀλάομαι — 'having wandered/being a wanderer.'"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πείσειε","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b14-l123","source":"ἀγγέλλων πείσειε γυναῖκά τε καὶ φίλον υἱόν,","translation":"with news of him could persuade his wife and dear son,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγέλλων","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πείσειε","gloss":"reporting"},{"surface":"πείσειε","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could persuade","note":"Aorist optative πείσειε here expresses potential without a modal particle (κε/ἄν), an archaic Homeric usage."},{"surface":"γυναῖκά","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b14-l124","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄλλως κομιδῆς κεχρημένοι ἄνδρες ἀλῆται","translation":"but vagrants in need of food and care","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"idly"},{"surface":"κομιδῆς","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεχρημένοι","gloss":"of care"},{"surface":"κεχρημένοι","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"in need of","note":"κεχρημένοι, perfect middle participle of χράω 'lack/need,' governing genitive κομιδῆς."},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀλῆται","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"vagrants"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b14-l125","source":"ψεύδοντʼ, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσιν ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι.","translation":"tell lies, and have no wish to speak the truth.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψεύδοντ","lemma":"ψεύδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἀληθέα","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"true things"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"to speak","note":"μυθήσασθαι, aorist middle infinitive of μυθέομαι, echoing μῦθος 'story/speech.'"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b14-l126","source":"ὃς δέ κʼ ἀλητεύων Ἰθάκης ἐς δῆμον ἵκηται,","translation":"Whoever wanders and comes to the land of Ithaca","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἀλητεύων","lemma":"ἀλητεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"Ithaca's"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of βάζει","gloss":"comes","note":"Subjunctive ἵκηται in a general relative clause with ὃς...κε — indefinite 'whoever comes.'"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b14-l127","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐς δέσποιναν ἐμὴν ἀπατήλια βάζει·","translation":"goes to my mistress and babbles his deceits;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάζει","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δέσποιναν","lemma":"δέσποινα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δέσποιναν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀπατήλια","lemma":"ἀπατήλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βάζει","gloss":"deceits"},{"surface":"βάζει","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"babbles","note":"βάζει, a vivid colloquial verb for chattering/prattling, contrasting with formal speech verbs."}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b14-l128","source":"ἡ δʼ εὖ δεξαμένη φιλέει καὶ ἕκαστα μεταλλᾷ,","translation":"and she receives him kindly, makes much of him, and asks of every detail,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεξαμένη","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δεξαμένη","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having received"},{"surface":"φιλέει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes much of him","note":"φιλέει here means 'treats kindly/welcomes,' not simply 'loves' — context-driven sense."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μεταλλᾷ","gloss":"each detail"},{"surface":"μεταλλᾷ","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asks"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b14-l129","source":"καί οἱ ὀδυρομένῃ βλεφάρων ἄπο δάκρυα πίπτει,","translation":"and as she grieves the tears fall from her eyelids,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βλεφάρων","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένῃ","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"grieving","note":"Dative ὀδυρομένῃ agrees with οἱ, describing Penelope 'as she grieves' — a dative of accompanying circumstance."},{"surface":"βλεφάρων","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πίπτει","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"πίπτει","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b14-l130","source":"ἣ θέμις ἐστὶ γυναικός, ἐπὴν πόσις ἄλλοθʼ ὄληται.","translation":"as is the way of a woman whose husband has died abroad.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέμις","title":"What is right","body":"θέμις denotes established custom and what is proper or fitting. Here it marks a wife's weeping as the rightful, expected response."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πίπτει","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"γυναικός","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θέμις","gloss":"of a woman"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄληται","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄληται","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"ὄληται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"perishes","note":"ὄληται, aorist middle subjunctive of ὄλλυμι, in a general temporal clause with ἐπήν."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b14-l131","source":"αἶψά κε καὶ σύ, γεραιέ, ἔπος παρατεκτήναιο.","translation":"And you too, old man, would quickly frame up a tale,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρατεκτήναιο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of παρατεκτήναιο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γεραιέ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρατεκτήναιο","gloss":"tale"},{"surface":"παρατεκτήναιο","lemma":"παρατεκταίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would frame up","note":"παρατεκτήναιο, aorist middle optative — 'fabricate/invent,' a rare compound verb built on τέκτων 'craftsman.'"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b14-l132","source":"εἴ τίς τοι χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα δοίη.","translation":"if someone should give you a cloak and tunic for clothing.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δοίη","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should give","note":"δοίη, aorist active optative of δίδωμι, in a future-less-vivid condition — 'if someone were to give.'"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b14-l133","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἤδη μέλλουσι κύνες ταχέες τʼ οἰωνοὶ","translation":"But by now the swift dogs and birds of prey have likely","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ῥινὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλουσι","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μέλλουσι","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are likely","note":"μέλλουσι + infinitive expresses probability, 'have likely...' governing ἐρύσαι below."},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ταχέες","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνοὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνοὶ","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"birds of prey"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b14-l134","source":"ῥινὸν ἀπʼ ὀστεόφιν ἐρύσαι, ψυχὴ δὲ λέλοιπεν·","translation":"torn the skin from his bones, and his spirit has left him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l134.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχή","title":"The departing psyche","body":"ψυχή here is the life-breath that leaves a man at death, not the modern 'soul.' Homer pictures it slipping away from the body."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥινὸν","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαι","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀστεόφιν","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπ᾽","gloss":"bones","note":"ὀστεόφιν uses the old instrumental/dative -φι(ν) ending, an epic archaism."},{"surface":"ἐρύσαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλουσι","gloss":"to have torn"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λέλοιπεν","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέλοιπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has left","note":"λέλοιπεν, perfect active of λείπω — 'has departed,' a euphemism for death."}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b14-l135","source":"ἢ τόν γʼ ἐν πόντῳ φάγον ἰχθύες, ὀστέα δʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"or in the deep the fishes have eaten him, and his bones","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φάγον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the deep"},{"surface":"φάγον","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ate","note":"φάγον, thematic (non-reduplicated) aorist active of ἐσθίω-suppletive φαγεῖν."},{"surface":"ἰχθύες","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φάγον","gloss":"fishes"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b14-l136","source":"κεῖται ἐπʼ ἠπείρου ψαμάθῳ εἰλυμένα πολλῇ.","translation":"lie on some mainland shore, wrapped in heaps of sand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie","note":"κεῖται, present of κεῖμαι, functions as perfect passive of τίθημι — 'lie' as the resting state of a corpse."},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"mainland"},{"surface":"ψαμάθῳ","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰλυμένα","gloss":"sand"},{"surface":"εἰλυμένα","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ὀστέα","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ψαμάθῳ","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b14-l137","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλωλε, φίλοισι δὲ κήδεʼ ὀπίσσω","translation":"So he has perished there, and for his loved ones grief in days to come","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλωλε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόλωλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλωλε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀπόλωλε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished","note":"ἀπόλωλε, perfect active of ἀπόλλυμι — the perfect stresses the lasting state of being lost/dead."},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"for loved ones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τετεύχαται","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετεύχαται","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b14-l138","source":"πᾶσιν, ἐμοὶ δὲ μάλιστα, τετεύχαται· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἄλλον","translation":"has been wrought for all, but most of all for me; for never again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλοισι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"τετεύχαται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been wrought","note":"τετεύχαται, perfect middle-passive of τεύχω 'make/fashion' — griefs 'have been forged' for the household."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτα","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b14-l139","source":"ἤπιον ὧδε ἄνακτα κιχήσομαι, ὁππόσʼ ἐπέλθω,","translation":"shall I find so kind a master, wherever I may go,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤπιον","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτα","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιχήσομαι","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"κιχήσομαι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I find","note":"Future middle κιχήσομαι — Eumaeus swears no master could ever match Odysseus."},{"surface":"ὁππόσ","lemma":"ὁπόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέλθω","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"ἐπέλθω","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to κιχήσομαι","gloss":"I may go"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b14-l140","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ κεν πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος αὖτις ἵκωμαι","translation":"not even if I were to come again to the home of my father","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρος","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of mother"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκωμαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἵκωμαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"I should come","note":"Subjunctive ἵκωμαι with εἴ κεν — a vivid hypothetical of return, subjunctive standing for a future condition."}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b14-l141","source":"οἶκον, ὅθι πρῶτον γενόμην καί μʼ ἔτρεφον αὐτοί.","translation":"and mother, where first I was born and they themselves reared me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκωμαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γενόμην","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γενόμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"I was born"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτρεφον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφον","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"reared","note":"ἔτρεφον, imperfect — durative sense, 'they raised me over time,' contrasted with punctual γενόμην 'was born.'"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b14-l142","source":"οὐδέ νυ τῶν ἔτι τόσσον ὀδύρομαι, ἱέμενός περ","translation":"Yet it is not for them that I grieve so much now, longing though I am","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"for them","note":"genitive object with a verb of emotion (ὀδύρομαι) — 'grieve for them', not a direct object"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ὀδύρομαι","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I grieve"},{"surface":"ἱέμενός","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"longing","note":"middle participle of ἵημι, 'sending myself' toward — idiomatic for eager longing"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b14-l143","source":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι ἐὼν ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ·","translation":"to see them with my eyes again in my native land;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"with my eyes","note":"instrumental dative plural — epic ὀφθαλμοῖσιν(-οισι ending) vs Attic ὀφθαλμοῖς"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἱέμενός","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"being","note":"circumstantial participle: 'while being' in the fatherland — supports ἰδέσθαι"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πατρίδι","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b14-l144","source":"ἀλλά μʼ Ὀδυσσῆος πόθος αἴνυται οἰχομένοιο.","translation":"but the longing for Odysseus, who is gone, takes hold of me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἴνυται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόθος","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"πόθος","lemma":"πόθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αἴνυται","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"αἴνυται","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seizes","note":"αἴνυμαι here means 'takes hold of' — subject πόθος, object με, vivid personification of longing"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"who is gone"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b14-l145","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγών, ὦ ξεῖνε, καὶ οὐ παρεόντʼ ὀνομάζειν","translation":"Him, my guest, even in his absence I am ashamed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀνομάζειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αἰδέομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"guest","note":"vocative address to the disguised Odysseus — dramatic irony, Eumaeus doesn't know who he's speaking to"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παρεόντ","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being present"},{"surface":"ὀνομάζειν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of αἰδέομαι","gloss":"to name","note":"infinitive object of αἰδέομαι (next line) — 'I am ashamed to name him'"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b14-l146","source":"αἰδέομαι· πέρι γάρ μʼ ἐφίλει καὶ κήδετο θυμῷ·","translation":"to name; for greatly he loved me and cared for me in his heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδέομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am ashamed"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatly","note":"περί used adverbially ('exceedingly'), an epic usage separate from its prepositional sense"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐφίλει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he loved"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδετο","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he cared for"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κήδετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b14-l147","source":"ἀλλά μιν ἠθεῖον καλέω καὶ νόσφιν ἐόντα.","translation":"but I call him 'dear master,' though he is far away.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλέω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἠθεῖον","lemma":"ἠθεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of καλέω","gloss":"dear master","note":"ἠθεῖος, an affectionate epic title of respect used for an elder or master, stronger than plain 'friend'"},{"surface":"καλέω","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I call"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b14-l148","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus said to him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l148.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Much-enduring Odysseus","body":"πολύτλας ('much-enduring') is Odysseus's standing epithet. We preserve the formula, as it recurs throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"stock Odysseus epithet πολύτλας δῖος — a fixed formula marking his suffering endurance, repeated across the poem"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b14-l149","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπειδὴ πάμπαν ἀναίνεαι, οὐδʼ ἔτι φῇσθα","translation":"\"My friend, since you utterly deny it and say no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"ἐπειδὴ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναίνεαι","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ἀναίνεαι","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"you refuse"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φῇσθα","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"φῇσθα","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"you say","note":"epic 2nd sg. φῇσθα (for φῄς) — archaic personal ending, distinct from Attic"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b14-l150","source":"κεῖνον ἐλεύσεσθαι, θυμὸς δέ τοι αἰὲν ἄπιστος·","translation":"that he will come, and your heart is forever disbelieving,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φῇσθα","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἄπιστος","lemma":"ἄπιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"disbelieving"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b14-l151","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ αὔτως μυθήσομαι, ἀλλὰ σὺν ὅρκῳ,","translation":"yet I will speak not idly, but with an oath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μυθήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"idly","note":"αὔτως, 'just so/at random' — contrasts an empty claim with the solemn oath that follows"},{"surface":"μυθήσομαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will speak"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὅρκῳ","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"an oath"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b14-l152","source":"ὡς νεῖται Ὀδυσεύς· εὐαγγέλιον δέ μοι ἔστω","translation":"that Odysseus is on his way home; and let there be a reward for my good news","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"νεῖται","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"is returning"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νεῖται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"εὐαγγέλιον","lemma":"εὐαγγέλιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"reward for good news","note":"εὐαγγέλιον — reward for bearing glad tidings, a concrete social custom behind the metaphor"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔστω","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b14-l153","source":"αὐτίκʼ, ἐπεί κεν κεῖνος ἰὼν τὰ ἃ δώμαθʼ ἵκηται·","translation":"at once, the moment he comes and reaches his own halls:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indefinite marker)"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b14-l154","source":"ἕσσαι με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά·","translation":"clothe me in a cloak and a tunic, fine garments.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσαι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothe","note":"aorist middle imperative of ἕννυμι, 'have clothed for yourself' — Odysseus wagers being dressed as the price of true news"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕσσαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b14-l155","source":"πρὶν δέ κε, καὶ μάλα περ κεχρημένος, οὔ τι δεχοίμην.","translation":"But before that, however great my need, I would take nothing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l155.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δεχοίμην","title":"Optative of refusal","body":"δεχοίμην is a present optative expressing what the speaker would (not) do; Homer uses the optative for hypothetical or polite assertions."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεχοίμην","gloss":"before that"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential marker)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχρημένος","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"κεχρημένος","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δεχοίμην","gloss":"in need","note":"perfect participle of χράω/χράομαι, 'having been in want' — stresses his real poverty yet firm refusal"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δεχοίμην","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"δεχοίμην","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would accept"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b14-l156","source":"ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι","translation":"For hateful to me as the gates of Hades is that man","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐχθρὸς","lemma":"ἐχθρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γίγνεται","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"equally with","note":"ὁμῶς used with dative like a preposition, 'on a par with' — comparing a liar to the gates of Hades"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"equally with, like","note":"ὁμῶς + dative Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι: 'as much as the gates of Hades' — the hated man is as loathsome to him as death itself."},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλῃσι","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"πύλῃσι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμῶς","gloss":"gates"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b14-l157","source":"γίγνεται, ὃς πενίῃ εἴκων ἀπατήλια βάζει.","translation":"who, yielding to poverty, babbles deceits.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάζει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πενίῃ","lemma":"πενία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴκων","gloss":"to poverty"},{"surface":"εἴκων","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάζει","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"ἀπατήλια","lemma":"ἀπατήλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βάζει","gloss":"deceitful things"},{"surface":"βάζει","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κεῖνος","gloss":"babbles"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b14-l158","source":"ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν, ξενίη τε τράπεζα,","translation":"Let Zeus now know it first among gods, and the table of hospitality,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let know","note":"perfect imperative ἴστω ('let him have come to know'/'let him witness') used as a solemn oath-formula opener"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ξενίη","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζα","gloss":"of hospitality","note":"ξενίη τράπεζα, 'the table of guest-friendship' — invoked as a witness, reflecting the sacred custom of xenia"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράπεζα","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b14-l159","source":"ἱστίη τʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ἣν ἀφικάνω·","translation":"and the hearth of blameless Odysseus, to which I have come:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστίη","lemma":"ἑστία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱστίη","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφικάνω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀφικάνω","lemma":"ἀφικάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἱστίη","gloss":"I have come to"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b14-l160","source":"ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται ὡς ἀγορεύω.","translation":"truly all this shall be fulfilled just as I say.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελείεται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελείεται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be fulfilled"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τελείεται","gloss":"I declare"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b14-l161","source":"τοῦδʼ αὐτοῦ λυκάβαντος ἐλεύσεται ἐνθάδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"Within this very year Odysseus will come here.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λυκάβαντος","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λυκάβαντος","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"λυκάβαντος","lemma":"λυκάβας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"year","note":"λυκάβας, a rare poetic word for 'year/cycle of seasons' — used only here and once elsewhere in Homer, disputed etymology"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b14-l162","source":"τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένοιο,","translation":"As one month wanes and the next begins,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies μηνός","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"φθίνοντος","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"waning"},{"surface":"μηνός","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φθίνοντος","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱσταμένοιο","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"on the other"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένοιο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"beginning","note":"μηνὸς φθίνοντος...ἱσταμένοιο, a formulaic phrase marking the turn of the lunar month — a fixed calendrical idiom"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b14-l163","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσει, καὶ τίσεται ὅς τις ἐκείνου","translation":"he will return home, and take vengeance on whoever","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσει","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νοστήσει","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will return"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τίσεται","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will punish"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀτιμάζει","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐκείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b14-l164","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἀτιμάζει ἄλοχον καὶ φαίδιμον υἱόν.","translation":"here dishonors his wife and his glorious son.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτιμάζει","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζει","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τίσεται","gloss":"dishonors"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμον","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b14-l165","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then you answered him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l165.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Address to Eumaeus","body":"Homer breaks the narrative to address Eumaeus directly in the second person ('you answered'), a rare apostrophe reserved for a few sympathetic characters. προσέφης is 2nd-person singular imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"προσέφης — Homeric narrator addresses Eumaeus directly in 2nd person, a rare 'apostrophe' device of intimate sympathy"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b14-l166","source":"ὦ γέρον, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼν εὐαγγέλιον τόδε τίσω,","translation":"\"Old man, neither shall I pay you that reward for good news,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εὐαγγέλιον","lemma":"εὐαγγέλιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίσω","gloss":"reward for good news"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies εὐαγγέλιον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τίσω","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will pay"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b14-l167","source":"οὔτʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἔτι οἶκον ἐλεύσεται· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος","translation":"nor will Odysseus ever come home; rather, at your ease","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλος","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease","note":"ἕκηλος, 'untroubled/at your leisure' — Eumaeus urges calm resignation instead of false hope"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b14-l168","source":"πῖνε, καὶ ἄλλα παρὲξ μεμνώμεθα, μηδέ με τούτων","translation":"drink, and let us turn our minds to other things, and do not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῖνε","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μεμνώμεθα","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"παρὲξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμνώμεθα","gloss":"aside","note":"παρέξ + μεμνώμεθα, 'let us remember other things beside [this]' — a gentle deflection from painful talk"},{"surface":"μεμνώμεθα","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us turn our minds"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μίμνησκ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τούτων","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μίμνησκ᾽","gloss":"of these things"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b14-l169","source":"μίμνησκʼ· ἦ γὰρ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν","translation":"remind me of these matters; for truly the heart in my breast","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνησκ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remind"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄχνυται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b14-l170","source":"ἄχνυται, ὁππότε τις μνήσῃ κεδνοῖο ἄνακτος.","translation":"is grieved whenever anyone makes mention of my good master.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄχνυται","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is grieved","note":"Passive present of ἀχεύω, 'grieve'; the master's absence is felt as an ongoing state."},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μνήσῃ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μνήσῃ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"makes mention","note":"Aorist subjunctive with ὁππότε ('whenever') gives a general, repeated condition: 'whenever anyone mentions...'"},{"surface":"κεδνοῖο","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"good, trusty"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνήσῃ","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b14-l171","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι ὅρκον μὲν ἐάσομεν, αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"But as for your oath, let us leave it be; and may Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will leave","note":"Future ἐάω 'let be' — the speaker sets aside the swearing of an oath as unnecessary."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b14-l172","source":"ἔλθοι ὅπως μιν ἐγώ γʼ ἐθέλω καὶ Πηνελόπεια","translation":"come, as I myself wish, and Penelope,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may come","note":"Aorist optative expresses a wish: 'may Odysseus come home.'"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλω","gloss":"as, how"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b14-l173","source":"Λαέρτης θʼ ὁ γέρων καὶ Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής.","translation":"and old Laertes, and godlike Telemachus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρων used as a noun in apposition to Laertes, 'the old man.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"godlike","note":"Formulaic epithet θεοειδής, 'god-shaped/godlike,' common of heroic young men."}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b14-l174","source":"νῦν αὖ παιδὸς ἄλαστον ὀδύρομαι, ὃν τέκʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"But now I grieve unceasingly for the boy whom Odysseus fathered,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, but"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"boy, son"},{"surface":"ἄλαστον","lemma":"ἄλαστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"unceasingly","note":"Neuter accusative used adverbially with ὀδύρομαι: 'grieve unceasingly.'"},{"surface":"ὀδύρομαι","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I lament"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκ᾽","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τέκ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παιδὸς","gloss":"fathered, begot"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b14-l175","source":"Τηλεμάχου· τὸν ἐπεὶ θρέψαν θεοὶ ἔρνεϊ ἶσον,","translation":"for Telemachus; when the gods had reared him like a young sapling,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l175.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔρνεϊ ἶσον","title":"Like a sapling","body":"ἔρνος is a young shoot or sapling; comparing a youth to a thriving sapling is a recurrent Homeric image of growth and promise."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θρέψαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"θρέψαν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θρέψαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἔρνεϊ","lemma":"ἔρνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἶσον","gloss":"sapling","note":"ἔρνεϊ, dative 'like a young shoot' — a Homeric simile of growth for a young man reaching maturity."},{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal to, like"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b14-l176","source":"καί μιν ἔφην ἔσσεσθαι ἐν ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι χέρηα","translation":"and I thought he would be among men in no way worse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔφην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"I said, thought"},{"surface":"ἔσσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφην","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"χέρηα","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse","note":"χέρηα, 'lesser/worse,' used with οὔ τι: 'in no way inferior.'"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b14-l177","source":"πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλοιο, δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἀγητόν,","translation":"than his dear father, splendid in build and form,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χέρηα","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"build, frame"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"form, looks"},{"surface":"ἀγητόν","lemma":"ἀγητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"admirable, splendid"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b14-l178","source":"τὸν δέ τις ἀθανάτων βλάψε φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας","translation":"then one of the immortals harmed his well-balanced wits,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βλάψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠέ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"βλάψε","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"harmed"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βλάψε","gloss":"wits, mind"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"within","note":"ἔνδον, 'within,' stresses that the harm struck his inner mind, not his body."},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"well-balanced"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b14-l179","source":"ἠέ τις ἀνθρώπων· ὁ δʼ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν","translation":"or some man did; and he went after news of his father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠέ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"Aorist ἔβη, a common formulaic verb of departure in epic narrative."},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after, in quest of"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκουὴν","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἀκουὴν","lemma":"ἀκουή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"news, tidings"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b14-l180","source":"ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην· τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"to sacred Pylos; and the proud suitors","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέην","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"sacred","note":"ἠγάθεος is an intensified epic form of θεῖος ('divine'), from the intensive prefix ἀγα- + θεός — 'very holy.' It is unrelated to ἀγαθός ('good') despite the similar spelling; it's a standing epithet for place-names like Pylos."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λοχῶσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λοχῶσιν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"proud, noble"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b14-l181","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἰόντα λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται","translation":"lie in wait for him as he comes home, so that the race","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντα","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going","note":"Present participle of εἶμι, 'going (home),' agreeing with the implied object of λοχῶσιν (the returning Telemachus), not a separate clause."},{"surface":"λοχῶσιν","lemma":"λοχάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie in wait for"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from, away"},{"surface":"φῦλον","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄληται","gloss":"race, line"},{"surface":"ὄληται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"may perish","note":"Aorist middle subjunctive of ὄλλυμι in purpose clause with ὅπως: 'so that the line may die out.'"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b14-l182","source":"νώνυμον ἐξ Ἰθάκης Ἀρκεισίου ἀντιθέοιο.","translation":"of godlike Arceisius may perish nameless out of Ithaca.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώνυμον","lemma":"νώνυμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φῦλον","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"Ἀρκεισίου","lemma":"Ἀρκείσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλον","gloss":"of Arceisius"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοιο","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρκεισίου","gloss":"godlike","note":"ἀντίθεος, 'equal to the gods,' the standard epithet marking Arceisius as heroic ancestry."}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b14-l183","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι κεῖνον μὲν ἐάσομεν, ἤ κεν ἁλώῃ","translation":"But let us leave him be, whether he is caught,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us leave"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ἁλώῃ","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"is caught","note":"Aorist subjunctive of ἁλίσκομαι, 'be caught/captured,' paired with κεν in an open alternative clause."}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b14-l184","source":"ἦ κε φύγῃ καί κέν οἱ ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων.","translation":"or escapes, and the son of Kronos holds his hand over him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Κρονίων","title":"Son of Kronos","body":"Κρονίων ('son of Kronos') is a patronymic epithet of Zeus, formed with the -ίων suffix. Homer freely substitutes such patronymics for the god's name."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"φύγῃ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέρσχῃ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑπέρσχῃ","lemma":"ὑπερέχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"holds over","note":"ὑπερέχω χεῖρα, literally 'hold a hand over,' the Homeric idiom for divine protection."},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρσχῃ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπέρσχῃ","gloss":"son of Kronos","note":"Patronymic epithet for Zeus, 'son of Cronus.'"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b14-l185","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι σύ, γεραιέ, τὰ σʼ αὐτοῦ κήδεʼ ἐνίσπες","translation":"But come now, old man, tell me of your own troubles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε, an exhortatory particle used to introduce a request, 'come now, tell me.'"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γεραιέ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b14-l186","source":"καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ·","translation":"and tell me this truly, so that I may know it well:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"declare"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῶ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"Perfect subjunctive εἰδῶ ('know'), from οἶδα, used with present force in a purpose clause."}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b14-l187","source":"τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;","translation":"Who among men are you, and from where? Where is your city and your parents?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶς","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"εἶς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πόθι","lemma":"πόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοκῆες","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"parents","note":"The stranger-questions formula (τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν...) recurs across the Odyssey as a stock hospitality inquiry."}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b14-l188","source":"ὁπποίης τʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἀφίκεο· πῶς δέ σε ναῦται","translation":"On what kind of ship did you arrive? And how did sailors","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁπποίης","lemma":"ὁποῖος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"what kind of"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἀφίκεο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you arrive"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγον","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ναῦται","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"sailors"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b14-l189","source":"ἤγαγον εἰς Ἰθάκην; τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωντο;","translation":"bring you to Ithaca? Who did they claim to be?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought","note":"Aorist ἄγω 'lead/bring,' completing the sense begun by ναῦται σε... ἤγαγον, 'sailors brought you.'"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they claimed"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b14-l190","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"For I hardly think you came here on foot.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀΐομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πεζὸν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"came, arrived","note":"οὐ...πεζὸν...ἱκέσθαι, litotes-style irony: obviously he must have come by ship, not on foot."}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b14-l191","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","translation":"Then Odysseus of many counsels answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l191.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Odysseus of many counsels","body":"πολύμητις ('of many devices, much-cunning') is a defining epithet of Odysseus, fittingly used here as he prepares an elaborate lie."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b14-l192","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"\"Then I will tell you these things very truthfully.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell","note":"Odysseus, still in disguise, promises truth while about to spin a false tale — dramatic irony typical of the Cretan lies."}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b14-l193","source":"εἴη μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἠμὲν ἐδωδὴ","translation":"If only there were for us both, for a long time, both food","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"if only there were","note":"Optative εἴη expressing an unattainable wish, 'if only we had.'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for us two","note":"νῶϊν, dual pronoun 'for us two' — marks the intimate dual number Homeric Greek retains for pairs."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐδωδὴ","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b14-l194","source":"ἠδὲ μέθυ γλυκερὸν κλισίης ἔντοσθεν ἐοῦσι,","translation":"and sweet wine, here within the hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"γλυκερὸν","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέθυ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"hut's"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being, sitting"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b14-l195","source":"δαίνυσθαι ἀκέοντʼ, ἄλλοι δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργον ἕποιεν·","translation":"to feast quietly, while others went about their work,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυσθαι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"to feast"},{"surface":"ἀκέοντ","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"quietly","note":"ἀκέοντ(α), 'in silence/at ease,' describing the manner of feasting while telling the tale."},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕποιεν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at, to"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἕποιεν","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went about, pursued"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b14-l196","source":"ῥηϊδίως κεν ἔπειτα καὶ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαντα","translation":"then easily, even for a whole year on end,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαπρήξαιμι","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαπρήξαιμι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτὸν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"a year"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτὸν","gloss":"whole","note":"ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαντα, 'a whole year,' hyperbolic scale of the tale Odysseus claims he could tell."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b14-l197","source":"οὔ τι διαπρήξαιμι λέγων ἐμὰ κήδεα θυμοῦ,","translation":"I would not finish telling the sorrows of my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διαπρήξαιμι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"διαπρήξαιμι","lemma":"διαπράσσω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would finish","note":"Optative διαπρήξαιμι in a potential statement: 'I would not get through telling...' — even a year wouldn't suffice."},{"surface":"λέγων","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of διαπρήξαιμι","gloss":"telling"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγων","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"of heart"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b14-l198","source":"ὅσσα γε δὴ ξύμπαντα θεῶν ἰότητι μόγησα.","translation":"all that, indeed, by the will of the gods I have suffered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l198.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεῶν ἰότητι","title":"By the will of the gods","body":"ἰότης means 'will' or 'design.' The phrase 'by the will of the gods' frames human suffering as divinely ordained throughout Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μόγησα","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ξύμπαντα","lemma":"σύμπας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅσσα","gloss":"all together","note":"ξύμπαντα is the epic/Ionic form of σύμπας (ξ for σ), an archaic variant retained in Homer, not an 'Attic' feature — it reinforces ὅσσα with 'absolutely all.'"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μόγησα","gloss":"by the will"},{"surface":"μόγησα","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κήδεα","gloss":"I suffered","note":"μογέω 'toil/suffer' aorist 1sg; Odysseus summarizing his whole ordeal in one verb."}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b14-l199","source":"ἐκ μὲν Κρητάων γένος εὔχομαι εὐρειάων,","translation":"From spacious Crete I declare my lineage springs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l199.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὔχομαι","title":"I claim, I declare","body":"εὔχομαι in Homer often means not 'I pray' but 'I declare/boast' one's descent or status. Here Odysseus 'claims' Cretan birth as he begins his fabricated identity."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Κρητάων","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Crete"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I claim","note":"εὔχομαι here means 'boast/claim' not 'pray' — a common Homeric sense shift worth flagging."},{"surface":"εὐρειάων","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρητάων","gloss":"broad, spacious"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b14-l200","source":"ἀνέρος ἀφνειοῖο πάϊς· πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι","translation":"the son of a wealthy man; and many other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀφνειοῖο","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son","note":"πάϊς is a metrically lengthened/dialectal form of παῖς, common in epic diction."},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b14-l201","source":"υἱέες ἐν μεγάρῳ ἠμὲν τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο","translation":"sons too were both reared and born in his hall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hall, house"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"τράφεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were reared","note":"τράφεν is an aorist passive 3rd plural without the usual -σαν ending — a common epic shortened form of ἐτράφησαν."},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were born"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b14-l202","source":"γνήσιοι ἐξ ἀλόχου· ἐμὲ δʼ ὠνητὴ τέκε μήτηρ","translation":"legitimate, from his wedded wife; but me a bought mother bore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνήσιοι","lemma":"γνήσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"legitimate"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀλόχου","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐξ","gloss":"wedded wife"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὠνητὴ","lemma":"ὠνητός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"a bought woman","note":"ὠνητή 'purchased' marks the mother as a slave-concubine, key social detail for Odysseus' fictional identity here."},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b14-l203","source":"παλλακίς, ἀλλά με ἶσον ἰθαιγενέεσσιν ἐτίμα","translation":"a concubine, yet he honored me equally with his lawful sons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παλλακίς","lemma":"παλλακίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"concubine"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτίμα","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐτίμα","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"ἰθαιγενέεσσιν","lemma":"ἰθαγενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἶσον","gloss":"with legitimate sons","note":"ἰθαγενής 'born in wedlock' directly opposes ὠνητή/παλλακίς from the line before — the contrast is the point."},{"surface":"ἐτίμα","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b14-l204","source":"Κάστωρ Ὑλακίδης, τοῦ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι","translation":"Castor son of Hylax, of whose line I claim to be;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κάστωρ","lemma":"Κάστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίμα","gloss":"Castor"},{"surface":"Ὑλακίδης","lemma":"Ὑλακίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κάστωρ","gloss":"son of Hylax"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κάστωρ","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be","note":"εὔχομαι...εἶναι, 'I claim to be' — the standard Homeric formula for asserting descent/identity."}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b14-l205","source":"ὃς τότʼ ἐνὶ Κρήτεσσι θεὸς ὣς τίετο δήμῳ","translation":"he was then honored like a god among the people of Crete","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Κρήτεσσι","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the Cretans"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like, as","note":"θεὸς ὣς 'like a god' — anastrophe, ὡς thrown after its noun and accented, a common epic word-order trick."},{"surface":"τίετο","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κάστωρ","gloss":"was honored"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίετο","gloss":"by the people"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b14-l206","source":"ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε καὶ υἱάσι κυδαλίμοισιν.","translation":"for his good fortune and his wealth and his glorious sons.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβῳ","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"prosperity"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλούτῳ","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοισιν","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱάσι","gloss":"glorious","note":"τε...τε...καὶ strings three causes of Castor's honor in one epic list rhythm."}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b14-l207","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι τὸν κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι","translation":"But the fates of death came and bore him away","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρουσαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κῆρες","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"the fates","note":"κῆρες, personified death-spirits that 'carry off' the dying — vivid Homeric mythic imagery, not just 'death'."},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρες","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"φέρουσαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"bearing"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b14-l208","source":"εἰς Ἀΐδαο δόμους· τοὶ δὲ ζωὴν ἐδάσαντο","translation":"to the house of Hades; and his high-spirited sons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ζωὴν","lemma":"ζωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδύσαντο","gloss":"livelihood","note":"ζωὴν here means 'property/estate,' not 'life' — the verb governing it, ἐδάσαντο ('they divided'), is the last word of this same Greek line, though its English rendering ('divided') falls in the next translated line."}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b14-l209","source":"παῖδες ὑπέρθυμοι καὶ ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο,","translation":"divided his living and cast lots for the shares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμοι","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"proud, high-spirited"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κλήρους","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the shares, lots"},{"surface":"ἐβάλοντο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast, threw","note":"ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο, 'they cast lots for the shares' — ἐπὶ governs κλήρους as a plain prepositional phrase here, not tmesis of a compound verb."}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b14-l210","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ μάλα παῦρα δόσαν καὶ οἰκίʼ ἔνειμαν.","translation":"but to me they gave very little and assigned a dwelling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"παῦρα","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they gave"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰκί","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνειμαν","gloss":"a dwelling"},{"surface":"ἔνειμαν","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"assigned"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b14-l211","source":"ἠγαγόμην δὲ γυναῖκα πολυκλήρων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"Yet I took a wife from a family of much property","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγαγόμην","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I took as wife","note":"ἠγαγόμην, middle voice of ἄγω, the standard idiom 'lead a wife home' = marry."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠγαγόμην","gloss":"a wife"},{"surface":"πολυκλήρων","lemma":"πολύκληρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of much property"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"of people"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b14-l212","source":"εἵνεκʼ ἐμῆς ἀρετῆς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἀποφώλιος ἦα","translation":"by reason of my own worth, since I was no fool","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρετή","title":"Worth, excellence","body":"ἀρετή is excellence or merit, here the personal valor that earns the speaker a good marriage despite his low birth."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἵνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετῆς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκ᾽","gloss":"prowess, worth"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀποφώλιος","lemma":"ἀποφώλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worthless, fool","note":"ἀποφώλιος 'good-for-nothing' — a rare, colorful epic adjective used in litotes with οὐκ."},{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"I was"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b14-l213","source":"οὐδὲ φυγοπτόλεμος· νῦν δʼ ἤδη πάντα λέλοιπεν","translation":"nor a shirker of battle; but now all that has gone from me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυγοπτόλεμος","lemma":"φυγοπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a battle-shirker","note":"φυγοπτόλεμος, 'flee-war,' is a stock Homeric term of reproach (used elsewhere as an insult, e.g. of Paris/Hector) reused here in litotes with οὐδέ for self-praise, not a word coined for this line."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέλοιπεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέλοιπεν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of λέλοιπεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λέλοιπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has left"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b14-l214","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμπης καλάμην γέ σʼ ὀΐομαι εἰσορόωντα","translation":"Still, even so, I think that, seeing the stubble, you can","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l214.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καλάμη","title":"Stubble of the harvest","body":"καλάμη is the dry stalk left after the grain is reaped. The metaphor: even ruined now, his old strength can be guessed, as the stubble shows what the ear was."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐομαι","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"surface":"καλάμην","lemma":"καλάμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόωντα","gloss":"the stubble","note":"καλάμη 'stubble' — a rustic metaphor: from the withered stalk you can still guess the grain once stood tall."},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of γιγνώσκειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντα","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b14-l215","source":"γιγνώσκειν· ἦ γάρ με δύη ἔχει ἤλιθα πολλή.","translation":"tell what it was; for in truth misery, vast and heavy, holds me.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκειν","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"to recognize"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δύη","lemma":"δύη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"misery","note":"δύη, a rare poetic noun for 'distress/misery,' appears almost only in this Odyssey formula."},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ἤλιθα","lemma":"ἤλιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"πολλή","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δύη","gloss":"much, great"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b14-l216","source":"ἦ μὲν δὴ θάρσος μοι Ἄρης τʼ ἔδοσαν καὶ Ἀθήνη","translation":"Truly, courage was given me by Ares and Athena,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδοσαν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena","note":"Ares and Athena paired as gods of martial courage — a common epic pairing of war-gods granting θάρσος."}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b14-l217","source":"καὶ ῥηξηνορίην· ὁπότε κρίνοιμι λόχονδε","translation":"and power to break the ranks of men; and whenever I picked, for an ambush,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥηξηνορίην","lemma":"ῥηξηνορία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"power to break ranks","note":"ῥηξηνορίη, 'man-breaking' compound noun, a striking Homeric abstract coined from ῥήγνυμι + ἀνήρ."},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κρίνοιμι","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁπότε","gloss":"I would pick","note":"κρίνοιμι, present optative — iterative/habitual 'whenever I used to pick,' typical of past-repeated-action clauses."},{"surface":"λόχονδε","lemma":"λόχονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρίνοιμι","gloss":"for ambush"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b14-l218","source":"ἄνδρας ἀριστῆας, κακὰ δυσμενέεσσι φυτεύων,","translation":"the best of men, sowing evil for the enemy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κρίνοιμι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φυτεύων","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσι","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φυτεύων","gloss":"for enemies"},{"surface":"φυτεύων","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κρίνοιμι","gloss":"sowing","note":"φυτεύων 'planting/sowing' evil is a striking metaphor — ambush plotted like a crop."}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b14-l219","source":"οὔ ποτέ μοι θάνατον προτιόσσετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ,","translation":"never did my proud heart foresee my own death,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προτιόσσετο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτιόσσετο","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"προτιόσσετο","lemma":"προτιόσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foresaw"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προτιόσσετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud, manly","note":"ἀγήνωρ 'proud-hearted' — recurring epithet for bold heroic θυμός, epic formula territory."}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b14-l220","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος ἐπάλμενος ἔγχει ἕλεσκον","translation":"but far the first I would leap forward and bring down with my spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἕλεσκον","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"ἕλεσκον is an iterative imperfect (the -σκ- suffix marks repeated action): 'I used to bring down again and again.' Homer uses this form for habitual past deeds."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρώτιστος","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the very first"},{"surface":"ἐπάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλεσκον","gloss":"leaping forward","note":"ἐπάλμενος, aorist middle participle of ἐφάλλομαι, vividly captures the sudden lunge before the spear-strike."},{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλεσκον","gloss":"with my spear"},{"surface":"ἕλεσκον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would take, slay","note":"ἕλεσκον, iterative aorist with -σκ- suffix marking repeated past action, 'I used to strike down' — classic epic iterative form."}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b14-l221","source":"ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσιν.","translation":"of the enemy, whoever gave way before me on foot.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"hostile, enemy"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴξειε","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴξειε","gloss":"before me"},{"surface":"εἴξειε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἕλεσκον","gloss":"gave way","note":"εἴξειε, aorist optative of εἴκω — potential/general sense within the relative clause, 'whoever might yield.'"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴξειε","gloss":"in flight, on foot"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b14-l222","source":"τοῖος ἔα ἐν πολέμῳ· ἔργον δέ μοι οὐ φίλον ἔσκεν","translation":"Such was I in war; but farm-work was never dear to me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσκεν","gloss":"work, farm-labor"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσκεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was","note":"ἔσκεν, iterative imperfect of εἰμί with -σκ-, 'used to be' — same iterative marker as ἕλεσκον above, worth linking."}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b14-l223","source":"οὐδʼ οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα,","translation":"nor the keeping of a household, which rears bright children,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰκωφελίη","lemma":"οἰκωφελία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"household management","note":"οἰκωφελίη, 'household-benefiting,' rare abstract noun for domestic stewardship — contrasted with the warrior's ἔργον."},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἰκωφελίη","gloss":"rears, nurtures"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"splendid, bright"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b14-l224","source":"ἀλλά μοι αἰεὶ νῆες ἐπήρετμοι φίλαι ἦσαν","translation":"but always the oared ships were dear to me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦσαν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπήρετμοι","lemma":"ἐπήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"oared","note":"ἐπήρετμος 'furnished with oars' — a formulaic Homeric epithet for ships, evoking the seafaring raider's life Odysseus (as Cretan) claims."},{"surface":"φίλαι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b14-l225","source":"καὶ πόλεμοι καὶ ἄκοντες ἐΰξεστοι καὶ ὀϊστοί,","translation":"and wars and polished javelins and arrows—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλεμοι","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκοντες","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"javelins"},{"surface":"ἐΰξεστοι","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοντες","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοί","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"arrows","note":"A tricolon list (wars, javelins, arrows) closing the raider's self-portrait — classic epic asyndetic/polysyndetic catalog style."}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b14-l226","source":"λυγρά, τά τʼ ἄλλοισίν γε καταριγηλὰ πέλονται.","translation":"grim things, which to other men are a horror.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρά","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"grim things"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισίν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καταριγηλὰ","gloss":"to others"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καταριγηλὰ","lemma":"καταριγηλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a horror","note":"καταριγηλός 'causing shudders' is a rare epic coinage, found almost only here"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λυγρά","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b14-l227","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τὰ φίλʼ ἔσκε τά που θεὸς ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκεν·","translation":"But to me these were dear, things a god had set in my heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l227.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φρεσὶν","title":"phrenes as seat of thought","body":"Homer locates feeling and impulse in the phrenes, the midriff or diaphragm, treated as the seat of mind and emotion. 'In the breast/heart' is the natural rendering."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσκε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were","note":"ἔσκε is an old iterative imperfect of εἰμί, 'used to be'"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὰ","gloss":"had set"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b14-l228","source":"ἄλλος γάρ τʼ ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις.","translation":"for one man takes his delight in one kind of work, another in another.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"one man"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισιν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργοις","gloss":"in another"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιτέρπεται","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέρπεται","lemma":"ἐπιτέρπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delights","note":"ἄλλος...ἄλλοισιν 'one...in another' is a classic distributive epic pattern"},{"surface":"ἔργοις","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιτέρπεται","gloss":"in work"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b14-l229","source":"πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Τροίης ἐπιβήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"For before the sons of the Achaeans set foot on Troy,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l229.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπιβήμεναι","title":"Homeric infinitive","body":"ἐπιβήμεναι is the epic form of the aorist infinitive 'to set foot upon,' taking a genitive of the place reached. The longer -μεναι ending is characteristic of Homeric diction."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβήμεναι","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήμεναι","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"set foot on","note":"aorist infinitive with πρίν, 'before setting foot' — standard temporal infinitive construction"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιβήμεναι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b14-l230","source":"εἰνάκις ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα καὶ ὠκυπόροισι νέεσσιν","translation":"nine times I led men and swift-faring ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰνάκις","lemma":"ἐνάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦρξα","gloss":"nine times"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἦρξα","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I led"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόροισι","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέεσσιν","gloss":"swift-faring","note":"stock Homeric epithet for ships, 'swift-going'"},{"surface":"νέεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b14-l231","source":"ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαπούς, καί μοι μάλα τύγχανε πολλά.","translation":"against foreign peoples, and much spoil fell to me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαπούς","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τύγχανε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"τύγχανε","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell as spoil","note":"τυγχάνω + dative 'happen to befall', here 'fall to my lot' as plunder"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τύγχανε","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b14-l232","source":"τῶν ἐξαιρεύμην μενοεικέα, πολλὰ δʼ ὀπίσσω","translation":"From it I would choose out what pleased my heart, and much besides","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐξαιρεύμην","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"ἐξαιρεύμην","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would choose out"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξαιρεύμην","gloss":"pleasing","note":"μενοεικής 'satisfying the heart's desire', a formulaic epic compound"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λάγχανον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάγχανον","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b14-l233","source":"λάγχανον· αἶψα δὲ οἶκος ὀφέλλετο, καί ῥα ἔπειτα","translation":"I drew by lot. So my house grew rich quickly, and from then on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάγχανον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I drew by lot"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλετο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀφέλλετο","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλετο","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew rich"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετύγμην","gloss":"after"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b14-l234","source":"δεινός τʼ αἰδοῖός τε μετὰ Κρήτεσσι τετύγμην.","translation":"I was feared and respected among the Cretans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινός","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τε","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖός","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τε","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Κρήτεσσι","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"the Cretans"},{"surface":"τετύγμην","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I had become","note":"pluperfect of τεύχω used as a stative perfect, 'I had come to be/was'"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b14-l235","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τήν γε στυγερὴν ὁδὸν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"But when far-seeing Zeus contrived that hateful journey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l235.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα","title":"Epithet of Zeus","body":"εὐρύοπα, 'far-seeing' or 'wide-thundering,' is a fixed epithet for Zeus. Its exact sense was debated already in antiquity, but it marks his all-encompassing power."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στυγερὴν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφράσαθ᾽","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"far-seeing","note":"εὐρύοπα 'wide-thundering/far-seeing' is a fixed epithet of Zeus"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφράσαθ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b14-l236","source":"ἐφράσαθʼ, ἣ πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε,","translation":"which loosed the knees of many men beneath them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐφράσαθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλυσε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνατ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσε","gloss":"knees","note":"γούνατα λύειν 'to loose the knees' is a Homeric idiom for killing"},{"surface":"ἔλυσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὁδὸν","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b14-l237","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἔμʼ ἤνωγον καὶ ἀγακλυτὸν Ἰδομενῆα","translation":"then they ordered me and glorious Idomeneus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤνωγον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἤνωγον","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they ordered","note":"ἄνωγα is a perfect with present sense, 'command/order'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγακλυτὸν","lemma":"ἀγακλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b14-l238","source":"νήεσσʼ ἡγήσασθαι ἐς Ἴλιον· οὐδέ τι μῆχος","translation":"to lead the ships to Ilion; and there was no means","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήεσσ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἡγήσασθαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἡγήσασθαι","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤνωγον","gloss":"to lead"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"μῆχος","lemma":"μῆχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"means"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b14-l239","source":"ἦεν ἀνήνασθαι, χαλεπὴ δʼ ἔχε δήμου φῆμις.","translation":"of refusing, for the people's harsh talk held us fast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"ἀνήνασθαι","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies μῆχος","gloss":"of refusing"},{"surface":"χαλεπὴ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φῆμις","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held fast"},{"surface":"δήμου","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φῆμις","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"φῆμις","lemma":"φῆμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"talk","note":"φῆμις here means public opinion/rumor whose pressure compelled compliance"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b14-l240","source":"ἔνθα μὲν εἰνάετες πολεμίζομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"There for nine years we sons of the Achaeans made war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζομεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰνάετες","lemma":"εἰναετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζομεν","gloss":"nine years"},{"surface":"πολεμίζομεν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we made war"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πολεμίζομεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b14-l241","source":"τῷ δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν Πριάμου πέρσαντες ἔβημεν","translation":"and in the tenth, having sacked the city of Priam, we set out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies δεκάτῳ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δεκάτῳ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβημεν","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρσαντες","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Πριάμου","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"πέρσαντες","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβημεν","gloss":"having sacked"},{"surface":"ἔβημεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we set out"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b14-l242","source":"οἴκαδε σὺν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"homeward with our ships, and a god scattered the Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβημεν","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέδασσεν","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b14-l243","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ δειλῷ κακὰ μήδετο μητίετα Ζεύς·","translation":"But against me, wretched man, Zeus the counselor devised evils.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l243.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μητίετα","title":"Zeus the counselor","body":"μητίετα, 'the counselor' or 'deviser of plans,' is a standing epithet of Zeus, pointing to his cunning and his shaping of events."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"δειλῷ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐμοὶ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"the counselor","note":"μητίετα 'of the counsels' is a fixed formulaic epithet of Zeus"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b14-l244","source":"μῆνα γὰρ οἶον ἔμεινα τεταρπόμενος τεκέεσσιν","translation":"For only one month I stayed, taking joy in my children","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνα","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμεινα","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῆνα","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἔμεινα","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stayed"},{"surface":"τεταρπόμενος","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμεινα","gloss":"taking joy"},{"surface":"τεκέεσσιν","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in children"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b14-l245","source":"κουριδίῃ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ κτήμασιν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"and my wedded wife and my goods; but after that","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουριδίῃ","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχῳ","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήμασιν","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b14-l246","source":"Αἴγυπτόνδε με θυμὸς ἀνώγει ναυτίλλεσθαι,","translation":"my heart urged me to make a voyage to Egypt,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴγυπτόνδε","lemma":"Αἴγυπτόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ναυτίλλεσθαι","gloss":"to Egypt","note":"the directional suffix -δε, 'toward Egypt', attached straight to the place name"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναυτίλλεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"ναυτίλλεσθαι","lemma":"ναυτίλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to voyage"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b14-l247","source":"νῆας ἐῢ στείλαντα σὺν ἀντιθέοις ἑτάροισιν.","translation":"after fitting out my ships well with godlike companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στείλαντα","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στείλαντα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"στείλαντα","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ναυτίλλεσθαι","gloss":"fitting out"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοις","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b14-l248","source":"ἐννέα νῆας στεῖλα, θοῶς δʼ ἐσαγείρατο λαός.","translation":"Nine ships I fitted out, and the crews quickly gathered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στεῖλα","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"στεῖλα","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fitted out"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσαγείρατο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσαγείρατο","lemma":"εἰσαγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσαγείρατο","gloss":"the crew"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b14-l249","source":"ἑξῆμαρ μὲν ἔπειτα ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι","translation":"Then for six days my trusty companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξῆμαρ","lemma":"ἑξῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"for six days","note":"ἑξῆμαρ, a numeral adverb built directly on ἦμαρ 'day'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρες","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b14-l250","source":"δαίνυντʼ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἱερήϊα πολλὰ παρεῖχον","translation":"feasted; and I myself supplied many victims","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feasted"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρεῖχον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἱερήϊα","lemma":"ἱερεῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παρεῖχον","gloss":"victims"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱερήϊα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"παρεῖχον","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"supplied"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b14-l251","source":"θεοῖσίν τε ῥέζειν αὐτοῖσί τε δαῖτα πένεσθαι.","translation":"both to sacrifice to the gods and to make ready a feast for the men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεοῖσίν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέζειν","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥέζειν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to sacrifice"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πένεσθαι","gloss":"for themselves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πένεσθαι","gloss":"a feast"},{"surface":"πένεσθαι","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to make ready"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b14-l252","source":"ἑβδομάτῃ δʼ ἀναβάντες ἀπὸ Κρήτης εὐρείης","translation":"On the seventh we embarked and set out from broad Crete,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑβδομάτῃ","lemma":"ἑβδόματος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"on the seventh"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναβάντες","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπλέομεν","gloss":"embarking"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Κρήτης","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"Crete"},{"surface":"εὐρείης","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρήτης","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b14-l253","source":"ἐπλέομεν Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ ἀκραέϊ καλῷ","translation":"and sailed with a North wind, fresh and fair,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπλέομεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sailed"},{"surface":"Βορέῃ","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"North","note":"Βορέης personified as the North Wind, common in sailing narratives"},{"surface":"ἀνέμῳ","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπλέομεν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ἀκραέϊ","lemma":"ἀκραής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"καλῷ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b14-l254","source":"ῥηϊδίως, ὡς εἴ τε κατὰ ῥόον· οὐδέ τις οὖν μοι","translation":"easily, as if downstream; nor did any one","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπλέομεν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as if","note":"ὡς εἴ τε = 'as if', an epic simile cluster; τε here is the generalizing epic particle, not translated on its own."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the current"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πημάνθη","gloss":"anyone","note":"subject τις, but its verb πημάνθη comes only in the next line — sentence runs over the line break."},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"of my"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b14-l255","source":"νηῶν πημάνθη, ἀλλʼ ἀσκηθέες καὶ ἄνουσοι","translation":"of my ships come to harm, but unscathed and free of sickness","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πημάνθη","lemma":"πημαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to harm","note":"aorist passive of πημαίνω, completing the τις...πημάνθη clause begun in l254 — mind the enjambment."},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀσκηθέες","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unscathed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνουσοι","lemma":"ἄνοσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"free of sickness"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b14-l256","source":"ἥμεθα, τὰς δʼ ἄνεμός τε κυβερνῆταί τʼ ἴθυνον.","translation":"we sat, and the wind and the steersmen kept them on course.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμεθα","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sat","note":"κάθημαι here means simply 'we remained (idle)' aboard, contrasting with the wind/helmsmen doing the actual steering."},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴθυνον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεμός","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"κυβερνῆταί","lemma":"κυβερνήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"the steersmen"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἴθυνον","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept on course","note":"τε...τε pairs 'wind' and 'steersmen' as joint subjects of one verb — classic Homeric correlative τε."}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b14-l257","source":"πεμπταῖοι δʼ Αἴγυπτον ἐϋρρείτην ἱκόμεσθα,","translation":"On the fifth day we came to the fair-flowing Egypt,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεμπταῖοι","lemma":"πεμπταῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on the fifth day","note":"πεμπταῖος, an ordinal-adjective used adverbially of time — 'being in one's fifth day' rather than a plain adverb."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴγυπτον","lemma":"Αἴγυπτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκόμεσθα","gloss":"Egypt"},{"surface":"ἐϋρρείτην","lemma":"ἐυρρείτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴγυπτον","gloss":"fair-flowing","note":"ἐυρρείτης, a stock Homeric epithet for rivers ('fair-flowing'), here modifying the Nile/Egypt."},{"surface":"ἱκόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we reached"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b14-l258","source":"στῆσα δʼ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ποταμῷ νέας ἀμφιελίσσας.","translation":"and I moored my curved ships in the river of Egypt.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσα","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I moored"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Αἰγύπτῳ","lemma":"Αἴγυπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"Egypt"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"νέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στῆσα","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b14-l259","source":"ἔνθʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ἐγὼ κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους","translation":"There I ordered my trusty companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελόμην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κελόμην","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρας","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"trusty","note":"ἐρίηρος 'trusty, faithful' is a formulaic epithet almost always paired with ἑταῖροι ('companions') in Homer."},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"my companions"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b14-l260","source":"αὐτοῦ πὰρ νήεσσι μένειν καὶ νῆας ἔρυσθαι,","translation":"to stay by the ships and to guard them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένειν","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσθαι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔρυσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to guard","note":"middle infinitive ἔρυσθαι, 'to guard (for themselves)' — the middle voice stresses the men's own stake in protecting the ships."}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b14-l261","source":"ὀπτῆρας δὲ κατὰ σκοπιὰς ὤτρυνα νέεσθαι·","translation":"and I sent scouts out to the lookout points.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀπτῆρας","lemma":"ὀπτήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"scouts"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"σκοπιὰς","lemma":"σκοπιά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the lookout points"},{"surface":"ὤτρυνα","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I sent"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὤτρυνα","gloss":"to go"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b14-l262","source":"οἱ δʼ ὕβρει εἴξαντες, ἐπισπόμενοι μένεϊ σφῷ,","translation":"But they, yielding to insolence and following their own impulse,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l262.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὕβρει","title":"hubris","body":"ὕβρις is overweening, violent arrogance—the disregard for limit and for others' rights. It is the keynote of the men's ruinous disobedience here."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕβρει","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴξαντες","gloss":"insolence"},{"surface":"εἴξαντες","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"yielding to"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενοι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"μένεϊ","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενοι","gloss":"impulse"},{"surface":"σφῷ","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένεϊ","gloss":"their own"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b14-l263","source":"αἶψα μάλʼ Αἰγυπτίων ἀνδρῶν περικαλλέας ἀγροὺς","translation":"at once began to ravage the lovely fields of the Egyptians,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πόρθεον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Αἰγυπτίων","lemma":"Αἰγύπτιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the Egyptians"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγροὺς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"περικαλλέας","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγροὺς","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ἀγροὺς","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πόρθεον","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b14-l264","source":"πόρθεον, ἐκ δὲ γυναῖκας ἄγον καὶ νήπια τέκνα,","translation":"and led away the women and little children,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόρθεον","lemma":"πορθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began to ravage"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἐκ here is a preverb-like adverb reinforcing ἄγον ('led out/away'), separated from its verb — Homeric tmesis."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led away"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b14-l265","source":"αὐτούς τʼ ἔκτεινον· τάχα δʼ ἐς πόλιν ἵκετʼ ἀϋτή.","translation":"and killed the men; and quickly the outcry reached the city.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔκτεινον","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτεινον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἀϋτή","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"the outcry"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b14-l266","source":"οἱ δὲ βοῆς ἀΐοντες ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν","translation":"And they, hearing the shouting, came at the showing of dawn;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l266.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φαινομένηφιν","title":"Old instrumental ending -φι","body":"The suffix -φι(ν) is an archaic Homeric case-ending serving as instrumental, locative, or genitive/dative. Here ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν means 'at the appearing of dawn.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀΐοντες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῆς","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐοντες","gloss":"the shouting"},{"surface":"ἀΐοντες","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"φαινομένηφιν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"showing itself","note":"φαινομένηφιν carries the archaic instrumental/locative -φι(ν) ending, an epic case-form surviving mainly in Homer."}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b14-l267","source":"ἦλθον· πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων","translation":"the whole plain was filled with foot soldiers and horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled","note":"πλῆτο, an athematic aorist middle of πίμπλημι ('be filled'), governing the genitives πεζῶν/ἵππων of the things filling it."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πλῆτο","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"πεζῶν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"foot soldiers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b14-l268","source":"χαλκοῦ τε στεροπῆς· ἐν δὲ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος","translation":"and the flash of bronze; and Zeus who delights in thunder","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l268.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τερπικέραυνος","title":"Zeus who delights in the thunderbolt","body":"τερπικέραυνος is a standing epithet of Zeus, 'delighting in the thunderbolt,' fitting here as he casts panic on the men."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στεροπῆς","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στεροπῆς","lemma":"στεροπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the flash"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικέραυνος","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"who delights in thunder","note":"τερπικέραυνος, a fixed Homeric epithet of Zeus ('thunder-delighting'), fitting the disaster about to be described."}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b14-l269","source":"φύζαν ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισι κακὴν βάλεν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"cast an evil rout upon my companions, and no one dared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύζαν","lemma":"φύζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"a rout"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"κακὴν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύζαν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b14-l270","source":"μεῖναι ἐναντίβιον· περὶ γὰρ κακὰ πάντοθεν ἔστη.","translation":"to stand and face them, for ruin pressed round on every side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεῖναι","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed","note":"περὶ...ἔστη is split by tmesis (περίστη, 'stood/pressed around') — preposition and verb separated across the line, typical epic style."}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b14-l271","source":"ἔνθʼ ἡμέων πολλοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτανον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"There they killed many of us with the sharp bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκτανον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πολλοὺς","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπέκτανον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἀπέκτανον","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκτανον","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b14-l272","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄναγον ζωούς, σφίσιν ἐργάζεσθαι ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"and others they led away alive, to do forced labor for them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄναγον","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναγον","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led away"},{"surface":"ζωούς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐργάζεσθαι","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἐργάζεσθαι","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἄναγον","gloss":"to do labor"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐργάζεσθαι","gloss":"by force","note":"ἀνάγκῃ, dative of manner/cause ('by compulsion'), underscoring the fate of forced labor for the captives."}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b14-l273","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ὧδε νόημα","translation":"But to me Zeus himself put this thought in my heart—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποίησ᾽","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποίησ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of -","gloss":"a thought","note":"νόημα, object of the verb ποίησ᾽ appearing only at the start of the next line — another run-on Homeric sentence."}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b14-l274","source":"ποίησʼ—ὡς ὄφελον θανέειν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν","translation":"would that I had died and met my fate","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l274.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς ὄφελον θανέειν","title":"Wish for the unattainable past","body":"ὄφελον with the infinitive expresses an unfulfilled wish—'would that I had died.' It looks back with regret on what did not happen."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφελον","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"would that","note":"ὄφελον + infinitive is the standard Homeric wish-formula 'would that...', here 'would that I had died' rather than a literal 'I owed'."},{"surface":"θανέειν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπισπεῖν","gloss":"my fate"},{"surface":"ἐπισπεῖν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to meet"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b14-l275","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ· ἔτι γάρ νύ με πῆμʼ ὑπέδεκτο—","translation":"there in Egypt—for still more grief awaited me—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Αἰγύπτῳ","lemma":"αἴγυπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Egypt"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πῆμ","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ὑπέδεκτο—","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awaited","note":"ὑπέδεκτο, literally 'received under itself' — vivid Homeric image of grief as something lying in wait to receive the hero."}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b14-l276","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκα","translation":"at once I set the well-made helmet from my head","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"my head"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκα","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"εὔτυκτον","lemma":"εὔτυκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἔθηκα","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I set down","note":"ἔθηκα here means 'took off/set down' the helmet as a gesture of surrender, not 'placed' in the usual sense."}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b14-l277","source":"καὶ σάκος ὤμοιϊν, δόρυ δʼ ἔκβαλον ἔκτοσε χειρός·","translation":"and the shield from my shoulders, and let the spear fall from my hand;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"the shield"},{"surface":"ὤμοιϊν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"from my shoulders"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλον","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλον","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"},{"surface":"ἔκτοσε","lemma":"ἔκτοσε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλον","gloss":"my hand"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b14-l278","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ βασιλῆος ἐναντίον ἤλυθον ἵππων","translation":"then I went up to the king's chariot, facing him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"the king's"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλυθον","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b14-l279","source":"καὶ κύσα γούναθʼ ἑλών· ὁδʼ ἐρύσατο καί μʼ ἐλέησεν,","translation":"and clasped and kissed his knees; and he saved me and pitied me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύσα","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κύσα","gloss":"his knees","note":"clasping and kissing the knees (γούνατα) is the standard Homeric gesture of supplication — a ritual plea for mercy."},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κύσα","gloss":"clasping"},{"surface":"ὁδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐρύσατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐλέησεν","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b14-l280","source":"ἐς δίφρον δέ μʼ ἕσας ἄγεν οἴκαδε δάκρυ χέοντα.","translation":"and seating me in his chariot he took me, weeping, to his home.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"his chariot"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἕσας","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγεν","gloss":"seating"},{"surface":"ἄγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγεν","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping","note":"δάκρυ χέοντα, literally 'pouring tears' — a common Homeric periphrasis for weeping, more vivid than a plain verb."}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b14-l281","source":"ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλοὶ ἐπήϊσσον μελίῃσιν,","translation":"Indeed many men rushed at me with their ashen spears,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπήϊσσον","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπήϊσσον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπήϊσσον","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"μελίῃσιν","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπήϊσσον","gloss":"with ashen spears","note":"μελίη, 'ash-tree spear', names the weapon by its wood — a common Homeric metonymy also seen with χαλκός for 'bronze blade'."}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b14-l282","source":"ἱέμενοι κτεῖναι—δὴ γὰρ κεχολώατο λίην—","translation":"eager to kill me—for they were exceedingly enraged—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπήϊσσον","gloss":"eager, rushing","note":"middle participle of ἵημι, 'setting themselves in motion' to kill"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεχολώατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"were enraged","note":"pluperfect w/ imperfect force, Homeric -ατο ending for 3rd pl. medio-passive"},{"surface":"λίην—","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολώατο","gloss":"exceedingly"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b14-l283","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ κεῖνος ἔρυκε, Διὸς δʼ ὠπίζετο μῆνιν","translation":"but he held them off, and feared the wrath of Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆνιν","title":"menis, divine wrath","body":"μῆνις is the heavy, lasting wrath proper to gods (the very first word of the Iliad). Here it is the wrath of Zeus Xeinios, guardian of strangers."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away, off","note":"tmesis: ἀπὸ...ἔρυκε split from compound ἀπερύκω, 'held off'"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἔρυκε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held off"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠπίζετο","lemma":"ὀπίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared, revered"},{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὠπίζετο","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b14-l284","source":"ξεινίου, ὅς τε μάλιστα νεμεσσᾶται κακὰ ἔργα.","translation":"the god of strangers, who most of all resents evil deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεινίου","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"of hospitality","note":"Ζεὺς ξένιος, 'Zeus of guest-friendship' — protector of strangers"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσσᾶται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεμεσσᾶται","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"νεμεσσᾶται","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Διὸς","gloss":"resents"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νεμεσσᾶται","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b14-l285","source":"ἔνθα μὲν ἑπτάετες μένον αὐτόθι, πολλὰ δʼ\n                     ἄγειρα","translation":"There I stayed for seven years, and gathered much","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑπτάετες","lemma":"ἑπταετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"seven years","note":"adverbial accusative of extent of time, from ἑπτά + ἔτος"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stayed"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένον","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρήματ᾽","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγειρα","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I gathered"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b14-l286","source":"χρήματʼ ἀνʼ Αἰγυπτίους ἄνδρας· δίδοσαν γὰρ ἅπαντες.","translation":"wealth among the Egyptian men; for all of them gave to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρήματ","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγειρα","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Αἰγυπτίους","lemma":"Αἰγύπτιος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"Egyptian"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δίδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were giving"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δίδοσαν","gloss":"all of them"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b14-l287","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ὄγδοόν μοι ἐπιπλόμενον ἔτος ἦλθεν,","translation":"But when the eighth year came round upon me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄγδοόν","lemma":"ὄγδοος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"eighth"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλόμενον","lemma":"ἐπιπέλομαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"revolving, coming round","note":"ἐπιπέλομαι describes cyclic return of the year, epic formulaic phrasing"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b14-l288","source":"δὴ τότε Φοῖνιξ ἦλθεν ἀνὴρ ἀπατήλια εἰδώς,","translation":"then came a Phoenician man, skilled in deceit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Φοῖνιξ","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"a Phoenician"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἀπατήλια","lemma":"ἀπατήλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"deceits, tricks"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"knowing, skilled in","note":"perfect participle of οἶδα used as 'knowing/expert in' + accusative of respect"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b14-l289","source":"τρώκτης, ὃς δὴ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει·","translation":"a greedy cheat, who had already done many evils to men;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρώκτης","lemma":"τρώκτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a cheat, swindler"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐώργει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάκ᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐώργει","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐώργει","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"ἐώργει","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had done","note":"pluperfect of ἔρδω, 'had already done' — prior completed wrongdoing"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b14-l290","source":"ὅς μʼ ἄγε παρπεπιθὼν ᾗσι φρεσίν, ὄφρʼ ἱκόμεσθα","translation":"he led me, persuading me with his cunning mind, until we came","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄγε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"παρπεπιθὼν","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"having persuaded, beguiled","note":"παρα- prefix nuance: 'led astray by persuasion,' not honest persuasion"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσίν","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive ἑός/ἥ, Homeric reflexive 'his own mind'"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to παρπεπιθὼν","gloss":"mind, wits"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἱκόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"we came"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b14-l291","source":"Φοινίκην, ὅθι τοῦ γε δόμοι καὶ κτήματʼ ἔκειτο.","translation":"to Phoenicia, where his house and possessions lay.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φοινίκην","lemma":"Φοινίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκόμεσθα","gloss":"Phoenicia"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκειτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δόμοι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Φοινίκην","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b14-l292","source":"ἔνθα παρʼ αὐτῷ μεῖνα τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν.","translation":"There I stayed beside him for a full year.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεῖνα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μεῖνα","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stayed"},{"surface":"τελεσφόρον","lemma":"τελεσφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτόν","gloss":"full, complete","note":"τελεσφόρος 'bringing to completion' — a full calendar year"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτόν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"a year"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b14-l293","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μῆνές τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐξετελεῦντο","translation":"But when the months and days were completed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μῆνές","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέραι","lemma":"ἡμέρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ἐξετελεῦντο","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"were completed"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b14-l294","source":"ἄψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι,","translation":"as the year came round again and the seasons returned,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιτελλομένου","gloss":"back, again"},{"surface":"περιτελλομένου","lemma":"περιτέλλομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἐξετελεῦντο","gloss":"turning round, revolving","note":"genitive absolute construction with ἔτεος: 'as the year revolved round again'"},{"surface":"ἔτεος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"subject of περιτελλομένου","gloss":"of the year"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came on"},{"surface":"ὧραι","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθον","gloss":"seasons"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b14-l295","source":"ἐς Λιβύην μʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἐέσσατο ποντοπόροιο","translation":"he set me aboard a seafaring ship for Libya,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Λιβύην","lemma":"Λιβύη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐέσσατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"ἐέσσατο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set, placed","note":"here 'placed aboard,' from ἕζομαι in causative-like use with accusative"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροιο","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"seafaring"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b14-l296","source":"ψεύδεα βουλεύσας, ἵνα οἱ σὺν φόρτον ἄγοιμι,","translation":"having plotted lies, so that I should help him carry a cargo,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψεύδεα","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βουλεύσας","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"βουλεύσας","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐέσσατο","gloss":"having plotted"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with, along with"},{"surface":"φόρτον","lemma":"φόρτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγοιμι","gloss":"cargo"},{"surface":"ἄγοιμι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I might carry","note":"optative in purpose clause after ἵνα, secondary sequence"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b14-l297","source":"κεῖθι δέ μʼ ὡς περάσειε καὶ ἄσπετον ὦνον ἕλοιτο.","translation":"but really that there he might sell me and fetch an enormous price.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περάσειε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that, in order that"},{"surface":"περάσειε","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might sell","note":"optative in purpose clause, revealing the Phoenician's true hidden intent"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦνον","gloss":"unspeakable, enormous"},{"surface":"ὦνον","lemma":"ὦνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"a price"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might get"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b14-l298","source":"τῷ ἑπόμην ἐπὶ νηός, ὀϊόμενός περ, ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"So I went with him aboard the ship, suspecting it, but under compulsion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἑπόμην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἑπόμην","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I followed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηός","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"ὀϊόμενός","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑπόμην","gloss":"suspecting, having misgivings","note":"οἴομαι + περ concessive: 'though I suspected it'"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑπόμην","gloss":"by necessity"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b14-l299","source":"ἡ δʼ ἔθεεν Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ ἀκραέϊ καλῷ,","translation":"She ran on with a North wind, fresh and fair,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθεεν","gloss":"she","note":"ἡ referring to the ship (νηῦς), feminine"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθεεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was running"},{"surface":"Βορέῃ","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"North","note":"Βορέης, the North Wind personified"},{"surface":"ἀνέμῳ","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔθεεν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ἀκραέϊ","lemma":"ἀκραής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"fresh, keen"},{"surface":"καλῷ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b14-l300","source":"μέσσον ὑπὲρ Κρήτης· Ζεὺς δέ σφισι μήδετʼ ὄλεθρον.","translation":"over the open sea above Crete; but Zeus devised their destruction.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔθεεν","gloss":"the middle, open sea"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above, over"},{"surface":"Κρήτης","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"of Crete"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μήδετ᾽","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"μήδετ","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised, planned"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήδετ᾽","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b14-l301","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Κρήτην μὲν ἐλείπομεν, οὐδέ τις ἄλλη","translation":"But when we had left Crete behind, and no other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κρήτην","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλείπομεν","gloss":"Crete"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐλείπομεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"we were leaving"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλη","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b14-l302","source":"φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀλλʼ οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα,","translation":"land appeared, but only sky and sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"was appearing"},{"surface":"γαιάων","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of lands","note":"partitive genitive with φαίνετο: 'no land of lands appeared'"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸς","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b14-l303","source":"δὴ τότε κυανέην νεφέλην ἔστησε Κρονίων","translation":"then the son of Kronos set a dark cloud","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l303.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Κρονίων","title":"Son of Kronos","body":"Κρονίων, 'son of Kronos,' is a standard patronymic title for Zeus. Patronymics like this carry a tone of dignity in epic."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κυανέην","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλην","gloss":"dark, blue-black"},{"surface":"νεφέλην","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"a cloud"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set, raised"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστησε","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"epithet-patronymic for Zeus, common epic formula"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b14-l304","source":"νηὸς ὕπερ γλαφυρῆς, ἤχλυσε δὲ πόντος ὑπʼ αὐτῆς.","translation":"over the hollow ship, and the sea grew dark beneath it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπερ","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"ὕπερ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over, above"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἤχλυσε","lemma":"ἀχλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew dark"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντος","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤχλυσε","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b14-l305","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ ἄμυδις βρόντησε καὶ ἔμβαλε νηῒ κεραυνόν·","translation":"And Zeus thundered all at once and hurled his bolt at the ship;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at once, together"},{"surface":"βρόντησε","lemma":"βροντάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"at the ship","note":"dative of the target struck, νηῒ κεραυνόν — hurled bolt at the ship"},{"surface":"κεραυνόν","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b14-l306","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐλελίχθη πᾶσα Διὸς πληγεῖσα κεραυνῷ,","translation":"and she reeled through and through, struck by the bolt of Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l306.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πληγεῖσα","title":"Aorist passive participle","body":"πληγεῖσα is the aorist passive participle of πλήσσω, 'having been struck,' agreeing with the ship. The passive marks the ship as the thing acted upon by Zeus's bolt."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλελίχθη","gloss":"she","note":"ἡ again = the ship"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλελίχθη","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was spun, reeled"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"whole, entirely","note":"πᾶσα agrees w/ ship, 'she wholly reeled' — the whole vessel shaken"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνῷ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"πληγεῖσα","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐλελίχθη","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κεραυνῷ","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πληγεῖσα","gloss":"by the bolt"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b14-l307","source":"ἐν δὲ θεείου πλῆτο· πέσον δʼ ἐκ νηὸς ἅπαντες.","translation":"and was filled with sulphur; and all fell from the ship.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with, in it","note":"ἐν...πλῆτο tmesis, 'was filled within with sulphur'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεείου","lemma":"θεῖον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆτο","gloss":"sulphur"},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from, out of"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b14-l308","source":"οἱ δὲ κορώνῃσιν ἴκελοι περὶ νῆα μέλαιναν","translation":"Like sea-crows they were borne on the waves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμφορέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κορώνῃσιν","lemma":"κορώνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἴκελοι","gloss":"to sea-crows","note":"simile: sailors bobbing like κορῶναι, sea-birds, in the waves"},{"surface":"ἴκελοι","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b14-l309","source":"κύμασιν ἐμφορέοντο· θεὸς δʼ ἀποαίνυτο νόστον.","translation":"around the black ship; and the god took away their homecoming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos, homecoming","body":"νόστος is the homecoming, the return journey that is the whole theme of the Odyssey. To 'take away the nostos' is to deny the men any return."}],"words":[{"surface":"κύμασιν","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμφορέοντο","gloss":"in the waves"},{"surface":"ἐμφορέοντο","lemma":"ἐμφορέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were borne, tossed"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποαίνυτο","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποαίνυτο","lemma":"ἀπαίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποαίνυτο","gloss":"homecoming","note":"νόστος, the poem's central theme — here denied to the crew"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b14-l310","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς αὐτός, ἔχοντί περ ἄλγεα θυμῷ,","translation":"But for me Zeus himself, though I had grief in my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔχοντί","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having, though holding","note":"concessive participle: 'though I had' grief, despite Zeus's care"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντί","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντί","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b14-l311","source":"ἱστὸν ἀμαιμάκετον νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο","translation":"set into my hands the huge mast of the dark-prowed ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυανοπρῴροιο","title":"Dark-prowed ship","body":"κυανόπρῳρος, 'dark-prowed' or 'blue-prowed,' is a common epic epithet for ships, evoking their painted prows."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"mast"},{"surface":"ἀμαιμάκετον","lemma":"ἀμαιμάκετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστὸν","gloss":"huge, unmanageable"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἱστὸν","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῴροιο","lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"dark-prowed","note":"epic compound epithet κυανό- 'dark blue' + πρῷρα 'prow' — formulaic ship description"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b14-l312","source":"ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν, ὅπως ἔτι πῆμα φύγοιμι.","translation":"so that I might still escape from ruin.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put, placed","note":"main verb of the sentence spanning all three lines: Zeus 'put' the mast in my hands"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύγοιμι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύγοιμι","gloss":"ruin, doom"},{"surface":"φύγοιμι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"might escape","note":"aorist optative in purpose clause after ὅπως — 'so that I might escape'"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b14-l313","source":"τῷ ῥα περιπλεχθεὶς φερόμην ὀλοοῖς ἀνέμοισιν.","translation":"Wrapped around it, I was carried by the deadly winds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περιπλεχθεὶς","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"περιπλεχθεὶς","lemma":"περιπλέκω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φερόμην","gloss":"clinging around","note":"aorist passive participle, lit. 'having been wrapped around' the mast"},{"surface":"φερόμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was carried"},{"surface":"ὀλοοῖς","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμοισιν","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισιν","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φερόμην","gloss":"by winds"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b14-l314","source":"ἐννῆμαρ φερόμην, δεκάτῃ δέ με νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ","translation":"Nine days I was carried, and on the tenth, in the black night,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φερόμην","gloss":"nine days","note":"adverbial numeral compound ἐννῆμαρ — epic formula for a span of days"},{"surface":"φερόμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was carried"},{"surface":"δεκάτῃ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νυκτὶ","gloss":"on the tenth"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέλασεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πέλασεν","gloss":"in night"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νυκτὶ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b14-l315","source":"γαίῃ Θεσπρωτῶν πέλασεν μέγα κῦμα κυλίνδον.","translation":"a great rolling wave brought me near the land of the Thesprotians.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέλασεν","gloss":"to the land"},{"surface":"Θεσπρωτῶν","lemma":"Θεσπρωτοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"of the Thesprotians"},{"surface":"πέλασεν","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought near","note":"main verb governing dative γαίῃ 'to the land' — πελάζω + dative, 'bring near to'"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλασεν","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"κυλίνδον","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"rolling"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b14-l316","source":"ἔνθα με Θεσπρωτῶν βασιλεὺς ἐκομίσσατο Φείδων","translation":"There the king of the Thesprotians, Pheidon, took me in,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκομίσσατο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκομίσσατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Θεσπρωτῶν","lemma":"Θεσπρωτοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βασιλεὺς","gloss":"of the Thesprotians"},{"surface":"βασιλεὺς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ἐκομίσσατο","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took in, received"},{"surface":"Φείδων","lemma":"Φείδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Pheidon","note":"proper name in apposition to βασιλεὺς, the Thesprotian king"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b14-l317","source":"ἥρως ἀπριάτην· τοῦ γὰρ φίλος υἱὸς ἐπελθὼν","translation":"the hero, without ransom; for his own dear son came upon me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l317.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπριάτην","title":"Without ransom","body":"ἀπριάτην means 'unbought, without payment'—Pheidon shelters the stranger freely, the mark of true hospitality rather than commerce."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Φείδων","gloss":"the hero","note":"formulaic epic noun ἥρως in apposition to Pheidon, honorific title"},{"surface":"ἀπριάτην","lemma":"ἀπριάτην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκομίσσατο","gloss":"without ransom"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear, own"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦγεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦγεν","gloss":"coming upon"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b14-l318","source":"αἴθρῳ καὶ καμάτῳ δεδμημένον ἦγεν ἐς οἶκον,","translation":"and led me, worn out by cold and weariness, to his home,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθρῳ","lemma":"αἶθρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by cold exposure"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by weariness"},{"surface":"δεδμημένον","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worn out, overcome","note":"perfect passive participle of δαμάζω 'subdue' — state resulting from being overcome by hardship"},{"surface":"ἦγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b14-l319","source":"χειρὸς ἀναστήσας, ὄφρʼ ἵκετο δώματα πατρός·","translation":"raising me by the hand, until I reached his father's house;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀναστήσας","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἀναστήσας","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦγεν","gloss":"raising up"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"reached, arrived"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"house, halls"},{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"of his father"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b14-l320","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα ἕσσεν.","translation":"and around me he put clothing, a cloak and a tunic.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"clothing","note":"summarizing appositive: 'cloak and tunic' restated as εἵματα 'garments' as a whole"},{"surface":"ἕσσεν","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothed, put on me"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b14-l321","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ πυθόμην· κεῖνος γὰρ ἔφασκε","translation":"There I heard of Odysseus; for the king said","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πυθόμην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πυθόμην","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πυθόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πυθόμην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard, learned","note":"aorist middle of πυνθάνομαι + genitive — 'heard about/of' someone"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφασκε","gloss":"that one, he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔφασκε","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept saying, claimed","note":"iterative-flavored imperfect of φάσκω — 'used to say/claim,' hints the king's tale was reported speech"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b14-l322","source":"ξεινίσαι ἠδὲ φιλῆσαι ἰόντʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"he had received him as a guest and shown him kindness on his way to his native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεινίσαι","lemma":"ξενίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to host, entertain"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλῆσαι","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to show kindness"},{"surface":"ἰόντ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going, on his way"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b14-l323","source":"καί μοι κτήματʼ ἔδειξεν ὅσα ξυναγείρατʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"and he showed me the treasures Odysseus had gathered,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδειξεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"ἔδειξεν","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ξυναγείρατ᾽","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ξυναγείρατ","lemma":"συναγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κτήματ᾽","gloss":"had gathered"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ξυναγείρατ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b14-l324","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε πολύκμητόν τε σίδηρον.","translation":"bronze and gold and well-wrought iron.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύκμητόν","lemma":"πολύκμητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"well-wrought"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"iron","note":"triple τε...τε...τε polysyndeton lists the treasures — an epic cataloguing rhythm"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b14-l325","source":"καί νύ ἐς δεκάτην γενεὴν ἕτερόν γʼ ἔτι βόσκοι·","translation":"Indeed it would feed his children to the tenth generation,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now (emphatic)"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δεκάτην","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γενεὴν","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"γενεὴν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"generation"},{"surface":"ἕτερόν","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of βόσκοι","gloss":"another, a second"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βόσκοι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"βόσκοι","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would feed","note":"potential optative βόσκοι without ἄν, common in Homer — 'would feed/support'"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b14-l326","source":"τόσσα οἱ ἐν μεγάροις κειμήλια κεῖτο ἄνακτος.","translation":"so much treasure lay stored for him in the halls of the king.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κειμήλια","gloss":"so much, so many"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κεῖτο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"κειμήλια","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"treasures, heirlooms"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay stored"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροις","gloss":"of the lord"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b14-l327","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐς Δωδώνην φάτο βήμεναι, ὄφρα θεοῖο","translation":"But he said Odysseus had gone to Dodona, to hear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Δωδώνην","lemma":"Δωδώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Dodona","note":"famed oracle site of Zeus in Epirus, sacred oak grove where priests interpreted the god's will"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said, claimed"},{"surface":"βήμεναι","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"to have gone"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δρυὸς","gloss":"of the god"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b14-l328","source":"ἐκ δρυὸς ὑψικόμοιο Διὸς βουλὴν ἐπακούσαι,","translation":"the will of Zeus from the god's high-crowned oak,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δρυὸς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"ὑψικόμοιο","lemma":"ὑψίκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρυὸς","gloss":"high-leaved, lofty","note":"epithet for the sacred oak at Dodona, thought to speak Zeus's will through its rustling leaves"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλὴν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπακούσαι","gloss":"will, counsel"},{"surface":"ἐπακούσαι","lemma":"ἐπακούω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"to hear, listen to"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b14-l329","source":"ὅππως νοστήσειʼ Ἰθάκης ἐς πίονα δῆμον","translation":"how he might return to the rich land of Ithaca,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"νοστήσει","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅππως","gloss":"he might return"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"rich, fertile"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land, people"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b14-l330","source":"ἤδη δὴν ἀπεών, ἢ ἀμφαδὸν ἦε κρυφηδόν.","translation":"after being away so long, openly or in secret.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεών","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεών","gloss":"long (time)"},{"surface":"ἀπεών","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νοστήσει᾽","gloss":"being away"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἀμφαδὸν","lemma":"ἀμφαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦε","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κρυφηδόν","lemma":"κρυφηδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦε","gloss":"secretly"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b14-l331","source":"ὤμοσε δὲ πρὸς ἔμʼ αὐτόν, ἀποσπένδων ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,","translation":"And he swore to me himself, pouring a libation in his house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l331.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀποσπένδων","title":"Pouring a libation","body":"A drink-offering poured to the gods to seal an oath; the gesture made a sworn promise binding."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμοσε","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔμ᾽","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἀποσπένδων","lemma":"ἀποσπένδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤμοσε","gloss":"pouring libation","note":"circumstantial participle marks the ritual solemnity of the oath — swearing while making a libation"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b14-l332","source":"νῆα κατειρύσθαι καὶ ἐπαρτέας ἔμμεν ἑταίρους,","translation":"that a ship was drawn down to the water and the crew made ready,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατειρύσθαι","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"κατειρύσθαι","lemma":"κατερύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"was drawn down","note":"perfect passive infinitive — a ship 'has been hauled down' to the sea, ready state"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαρτέας","lemma":"ἐπαρτής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ready, prepared"},{"surface":"ἔμμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεν","gloss":"companions, crew"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b14-l333","source":"οἳ δή μιν πέμψουσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"who would convey him to his own dear native land.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέμψουσι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταίρους","gloss":"will send, convey"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear, own"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b14-l334","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ πρὶν ἀπέπεμψε· τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς","translation":"But me he sent off first, for a ship of Thesprotian men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπέπεμψε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμψε","gloss":"before, first"},{"surface":"ἀπέπεμψε","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent off"},{"surface":"τύχησε","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"happened to be","note":"τυγχάνω + participle idiom: 'happened to be going' — a ship chanced to be departing"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένη","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τύχησε","gloss":"going, departing"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τύχησε","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b14-l335","source":"ἀνδρῶν Θεσπρωτῶν ἐς Δουλίχιον πολύπυρον.","translation":"chanced to be sailing to Dulichium, rich in wheat.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Θεσπρωτῶν","lemma":"Θεσπρωτοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Thesprotian"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Δουλίχιον","lemma":"Δουλίχιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Dulichium","note":"one of the Ionian islands under Odysseus's rule, named among the suitors' homelands"},{"surface":"πολύπυρον","lemma":"πολύπυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δουλίχιον","gloss":"rich in wheat"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b14-l336","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γέ μʼ ἠνώγει πέμψαι βασιλῆϊ Ἀκάστῳ","translation":"There he bade them carry me to king Acastus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠνώγει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠνώγει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἠνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade, commanded","note":"defective perfect-with-present-force verb ἄνωγα 'I command' — common epic imperative-flavored verb"},{"surface":"πέμψαι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγει","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀκάστῳ","gloss":"to king"},{"surface":"Ἀκάστῳ","lemma":"Ἄκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψαι","gloss":"Acastus","note":"otherwise-unknown Dulichian king invented for this false tale — part of the beggar's fictitious story"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b14-l337","source":"ἐνδυκέως· τοῖσιν δὲ κακὴ φρεσὶν ἥνδανε βουλὴ","translation":"with kind care; but an evil plan pleased their hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l337.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἥνδανε","title":"Imperfect of pleasing","body":"The imperfect ἥνδανε ('was pleasing') frames the crew's scheme as an ongoing inclination, setting up the betrayal that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψαι","gloss":"carefully, kindly"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλὴ","gloss":"evil, base"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"in their hearts"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἁνδάνω + dative 'to please someone' — the crew's treacherous plan pleased them"},{"surface":"βουλὴ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἥνδανε","gloss":"plan, counsel"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b14-l338","source":"ἀμφʼ ἐμοί, ὄφρʼ ἔτι πάγχυ δύης ἐπὶ πῆμα γενοίμην.","translation":"concerning me, so that I might fall utterly into the depth of misery.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"concerning"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that","note":"ὄφρα introduces a purpose clause taking the optative γενοίμην, a common epic construction."},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γενοίμην","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γενοίμην","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"δύης","lemma":"δύη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"of misery"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"depth","note":"πῆμα ('woe') here forms the phrase 'depth of misery' with δύης, a vivid epic pairing."},{"surface":"γενοίμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I might fall"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b14-l339","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε γαίης πολλὸν ἀπέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,","translation":"But when the seafaring ship had sailed far from land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέπλω","gloss":"from land"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπλω","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀπέπλω","lemma":"ἀποπλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"had sailed","note":"ἀπέπλω is a contracted/epic aorist form of ἀποπλέω, 3rd sg., without the usual -σε ending."},{"surface":"ποντοπόρος","lemma":"ποντοπόρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"seafaring"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέπλω","gloss":"ship","note":"νηῦς/ναῦς, epic uncontracted form of the noun 'ship,' subject here."}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b14-l340","source":"αὐτίκα δούλιον ἦμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο.","translation":"at once they began contriving the day of slavery for me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δούλιον ἦμαρ","title":"The day of slavery","body":"A formulaic phrase, like 'the day of freedom,' that names enslavement as a fate that overtakes a person rather than a mere event."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιμηχανόωντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δούλιον","lemma":"δούλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of slavery"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περιμηχανόωντο","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περιμηχανόωντο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"περιμηχανόωντο","lemma":"περιμηχανάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began contriving","note":"περιμηχανάομαι, 'devise all around' — a compound verb vividly showing plotting against the speaker."}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b14-l341","source":"ἐκ μέν με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματʼ ἔδυσαν,","translation":"They stripped from me my cloak and tunic, my clothing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off (intensive)"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδυσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"ἔδυσαν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped","note":"ἐκ...ἔδυσαν is tmesis: the preposition ἐκ is separated from δύω ('strip off') by intervening words, typical of Homeric verse."}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b14-l342","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μοι ῥάκος ἄλλο κακὸν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,","translation":"and threw around me other rags, a vile one, and a tunic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ῥάκος","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥάκος","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥάκος","gloss":"vile"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b14-l343","source":"ῥωγαλέα, τὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὅρηαι·","translation":"tattered, the very ones you see now with your own eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥωγαλέα","lemma":"ῥωγαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"tattered"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὅρηαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself","note":"αὐτός here emphasizes the addressee's own firsthand experience ('you yourself see')."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ὅρηαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ῥωγαλέα","gloss":"you see"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b14-l344","source":"ἑσπέριοι δʼ Ἰθάκης εὐδειέλου ἔργʼ ἀφίκοντο.","translation":"And at evening they reached the farmlands of clear-skied Ithaca.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπέριοι","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at evening"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"εὐδειέλου","lemma":"εὐδείελος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκης","gloss":"clear-skied","note":"εὐδείελος ('clear-seen/sunny') is a fixed Homeric epithet regularly attached to Ithaca."},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"farmlands"},{"surface":"ἀφίκοντο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b14-l345","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν κατέδησαν ἐϋσσέλμῳ ἐνὶ νηῒ","translation":"There they bound me fast in the well-benched ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέδησαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέδησαν","lemma":"καταδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound fast"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμῳ","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"well-benched","note":"εὔσελμος, 'with good rowing-benches,' a standard Homeric ship-epithet."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b14-l346","source":"ὅπλῳ ἐϋστρεφέϊ στερεῶς, αὐτοὶ δʼ ἀποβάντες","translation":"with a tightly twisted rope, securely, and they themselves stepped ashore","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλῳ","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατέδησαν","gloss":"rope"},{"surface":"ἐϋστρεφέϊ","lemma":"ἐυστρεφής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλῳ","gloss":"tightly twisted"},{"surface":"στερεῶς","lemma":"στερεός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδησαν","gloss":"securely"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποβάντες","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοντο","gloss":"stepping ashore"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b14-l347","source":"ἐσσυμένως παρὰ θῖνα θαλάσσης δόρπον ἕλοντο.","translation":"in haste and took their supper along the shore of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποβάντες","gloss":"in haste"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"ἕλοντο, middle aorist of αἱρέω, 'took for themselves' — the middle voice marks it as a meal for their own benefit."}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b14-l348","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ δεσμὸν μὲν ἀνέγναμψαν θεοὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"But the gods themselves loosened my bonds for me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγναμψαν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέγναμψαν","gloss":"bonds"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνέγναμψαν","lemma":"ἀναγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosened"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέγναμψαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves","note":"θεοὶ αὐτοὶ, 'the gods themselves,' stresses divine intervention behind the speaker's escape."}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b14-l349","source":"ῥηϊδίως· κεφαλῇ δὲ κατὰ ῥάκος ἀμφικαλύψας,","translation":"easily; and wrapping the rag about my head,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγναμψαν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ῥάκος","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψας","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"wrapping","note":"ἀμφικαλύψας, aorist participle of the compound ἀμφικαλύπτω, 'cover all around' — vivid image of disguise."}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b14-l350","source":"ξεστὸν ἐφόλκαιον καταβὰς ἐπέλασσα θαλάσσῃ","translation":"I climbed down the smooth steering-oar and let my chest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεστὸν","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐφόλκαιον","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"ἐφόλκαιον","lemma":"ἐφόλκαιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καταβὰς","gloss":"steering-oar"},{"surface":"καταβὰς","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"climbing down"},{"surface":"ἐπέλασσα","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let (touch)","note":"ἐπελαύνω here means 'bring close to/let touch,' governing the dative θαλάσσῃ, unusual but vivid physical image."},{"surface":"θαλάσσῃ","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσα","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b14-l351","source":"στῆθος, ἔπειτα δὲ χερσὶ διήρεσσʼ ἀμφοτέρῃσι","translation":"touch the sea, then with both hands I rowed myself along,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσα","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διήρεσσ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διήρεσσ᾽","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"διήρεσσ","lemma":"διερέσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rowed myself along"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"with both"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b14-l352","source":"νηχόμενος, μάλα δʼ ὦκα θύρηθʼ ἔα ἀμφὶς ἐκείνων.","translation":"swimming, and very quickly I was out and away from them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηχόμενος","lemma":"νήχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διήρεσσ᾽","gloss":"swimming"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"θύρηθ","lemma":"θύραθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"outside","note":"θύραθεν, 'from outside/away,' with ἔα ('I was') vividly pictures the swimmer clear of the ship."},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἐκείνων","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b14-l353","source":"ἔνθʼ ἀναβάς, ὅθι τε δρίος ἦν πολυανθέος ὕλης,","translation":"There I climbed up, where there was a thicket of richly blooming wood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείμην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀναβάς","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κείμην","gloss":"climbing up"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δρίος","lemma":"δρίος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"thicket"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔνθ᾽","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"πολυανθέος","lemma":"πολυανθής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλης","gloss":"richly blooming"},{"surface":"ὕλης","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δρίος","gloss":"of wood"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b14-l354","source":"κείμην πεπτηώς. οἱ δὲ μεγάλα στενάχοντες","translation":"and lay crouching. They, groaning loudly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμην","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"πεπτηώς","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κείμην","gloss":"crouching","note":"πεπτηώς is the perfect participle traditionally referred to πτήσσω 'to cower, crouch in fear' (not a special sense of πίπτω 'to fall'); it describes the fugitive hiding in fear."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φοίτων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντες","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"στενάχοντες","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φοίτων","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b14-l355","source":"φοίτων· ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι","translation":"went searching about; but since it seemed to them no longer of any use","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοίτων","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went searching"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφαίνετο","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐφαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of any use","note":"κέρδιον, comparative of κερδαλέος, 'more profitable' — idiomatic for 'worth it.'"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφαίνετο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b14-l356","source":"μαίεσθαι προτέρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον","translation":"to seek further, they went back again and boarded","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαίεσθαι","lemma":"μαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"to seek"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαίεσθαι","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαινον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινον","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἔβαινον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b14-l357","source":"νηὸς ἔπι γλαφυρῆς· ἐμὲ δʼ ἔκρυψαν θεοὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"their hollow ship; and the gods themselves hid me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon","note":"νηὸς ἔπι, preposition ἐπί placed after its object (anastrophe), a common Homeric word-order feature."},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκρυψαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκρυψαν","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκρυψαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b14-l358","source":"ῥηϊδίως, καί με σταθμῷ ἐπέλασσαν ἄγοντες","translation":"easily, and they led me on and brought me to the farmstead","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκρυψαν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σταθμῷ","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσαν","gloss":"to the farmstead"},{"surface":"ἐπέλασσαν","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέλασσαν","gloss":"leading"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b14-l359","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἐπισταμένου· ἔτι γάρ νύ μοι αἶσα βιῶναι.","translation":"of a man who knows his work; for it is still my lot to live.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἶσα","title":"It is my lot to live","body":"Aisa is one's allotted portion or destiny; Odysseus closes his tale by claiming fate has not yet assigned him death."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σταθμῷ","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένου","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"knowing his work"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lot","note":"αἶσα, 'fate/portion,' with βιῶναι ('to live') expresses the fixed idea that survival is still one's destined share."},{"surface":"βιῶναι","lemma":"βιόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to live"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b14-l360","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then in answer you spoke to him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l360.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Address to Eumaeus","body":"Homer turns to address Eumaeus directly in the second person ('you spoke'), a recurring apostrophe that lends warmth to the loyal swineherd."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke","note":"προσέφης, epic imperfect of πρόσφημι, the formulaic verb introducing direct speech in Homer."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd","note":"Εὔμαιε συβῶτα, a recurring vocative formula addressing Eumaeus throughout Book 14."}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b14-l361","source":"ἆ δειλὲ ξείνων, ἦ μοι μάλα θυμὸν ὄρινας","translation":"\"Ah, most wretched of strangers, truly you have deeply stirred my heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δειλὲ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretched one"},{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies .","gloss":"of strangers"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρινας","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινας","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὄρινας","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b14-l362","source":"ταῦτα ἕκαστα λέγων, ὅσα δὴ πάθες ἠδʼ ὅσʼ ἀλήθης.","translation":"in telling each of these things, all that you suffered and all your wandering.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λέγων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"λέγων","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρινας","gloss":"telling"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθες","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάθες","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"you suffered"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀλήθης","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἀλήθης","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"you wandered","note":"ἀλήθης, aorist of ἀλάομαι, 'wander/roam' — describes the wandering suffered during Odysseus's journey home; not related to the epithet πολύτλας, which comes from τλάω 'to endure.'"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b14-l363","source":"ἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ὀΐομαι, οὐδέ με πείσεις","translation":"But this part is not, I think, in good order, and you will not persuade me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l363.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ κόσμον","title":"Not in good order","body":"Kata kosmon means 'properly,' 'fittingly'; Eumaeus judges the part of the tale about Odysseus to be out of order, that is, untrue."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this part"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"good order","note":"κατὰ κόσμον, 'in due order,' a common Homeric idiom for something fitting or proper — here, the tale doesn't fit that standard."},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πείσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will persuade"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b14-l364","source":"εἰπὼν ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ· τί σε χρὴ τοῖον ἐόντα","translation":"in what you say about Odysseus. Why must a man like you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πείσεις","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ψεύδεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b14-l365","source":"μαψιδίως ψεύδεσθαι; ἐγὼ δʼ εὖ οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"lie so pointlessly? I myself know well","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ψεύδεσθαι","gloss":"pointlessly"},{"surface":"ψεύδεσθαι","lemma":"ψεύδω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"lie","note":"ψεύδεσθαι, middle infinitive 'to lie/deceive (for oneself)' — Eumaeus doubts the beggar's tall tale about Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b14-l366","source":"νόστον ἐμοῖο ἄνακτος, ὅ τʼ ἤχθετο πᾶσι θεοῖσι","translation":"the homecoming of my master, that he was hated by all the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖο","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"master","note":"ἄναξ 'lord/master' — epic title, here for Odysseus"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤχθετο","lemma":"ἔχθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"was hated","note":"ἔχθω mid-pass. imperfect: 'was hated by'; governs dative πᾶσι θεοῖσι"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤχθετο","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b14-l367","source":"πάγχυ μάλʼ, ὅττι μιν οὔ τι μετὰ Τρώεσσι δάμασσαν","translation":"utterly, since they did not bring him down among the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤχθετο","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δάμασσαν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δάμασσαν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττι","gloss":"brought down","note":"δαμάζω 'subdue/kill' — battlefield sense, not literal 'tame'"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b14-l368","source":"ἠὲ φίλων ἐν χερσίν, ἐπεὶ πόλεμον τολύπευσε.","translation":"or in the arms of his friends, once he had wound up the war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l368.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τολύπευσε","title":"Wound up the war","body":"The verb means literally to wind off a ball of wool; metaphorically, to bring a long task to its end. War is pictured as a thread spun out to completion."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χερσίν","gloss":"of friends"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"arms","note":"χερσίν dat. pl. of χείρ 'hand' — idiomatic 'in the arms/hands of'"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τολύπευσε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τολύπευσε","lemma":"τολυπεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had wound up","note":"τολυπεύω lit. 'wind wool into a ball' — Homeric metaphor for finishing the war"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b14-l369","source":"τῷ κέν οἱ τύμβον μὲν ἐποίησαν Παναχαιοί,","translation":"Then all the Achaeans would have built him a tomb,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποίησαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κέν = ἄν, marks the unreal past conditional 'would have built'"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[untranslated]"},{"surface":"ἐποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"Παναχαιοί","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"Achaeans","note":"Παναχαιοί 'all the Achaeans together' — collective epic compound"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b14-l370","source":"ἠδέ κε καὶ ᾧ παιδὶ μέγα κλέος ἤρατʼ ὀπίσσω","translation":"and for his son too he would have won great glory hereafter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"Glory","body":"Kleos is the fame that survives a hero in song; Eumaeus laments that Odysseus died gloriously at Troy would have passed on renown to Telemachus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδέ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός/ᾧ possessive 'his own' — 3rd person reflexive possessive, epic form"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρατ᾽","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤρατ᾽","gloss":"glory","note":"κλέος 'fame/glory' — the central heroic-epic value word"},{"surface":"ἤρατ","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤρατ᾽","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b14-l371","source":"νῦν δέ μιν ἀκλειῶς ἅρπυιαι ἀνηρείψαντο.","translation":"But now without glory the storm-spirits have snatched him away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀκλειῶς","lemma":"ἀκλεής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"without glory"},{"surface":"ἅρπυιαι","lemma":"Ἅρπυιαι","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνηρείψαντο","gloss":"storm-spirits","note":"Ἅρπυιαι 'Harpies', snatching wind-spirits — folk explanation for a lost-at-sea death"},{"surface":"ἀνηρείψαντο","lemma":"ἀνερείπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatched away"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b14-l372","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ παρʼ ὕεσσιν ἀπότροπος· οὐδὲ πόλινδε","translation":"But I keep apart here with the swine, and I do not go","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὕεσσιν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"swine","note":"ὗς 'pig/swine' — Eumaeus the swineherd speaking of his herd"},{"surface":"ἀπότροπος","lemma":"ἀπότροπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"kept apart"},{"surface":"πόλινδε","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρχομαι","gloss":"to town"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b14-l373","source":"ἔρχομαι, εἰ μή πού τι περίφρων Πηνελόπεια","translation":"to the town, unless perhaps wise Penelope","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχομαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I go"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνῃσιν","gloss":"[untranslated]"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων 'very shrewd' — Penelope's standard Homeric epithet"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀτρύνῃσιν","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b14-l374","source":"ἐλθέμεν ὀτρύνῃσιν, ὅτʼ ἀγγελίη ποθὲν ἔλθῃ.","translation":"urges me to come, when some message arrives from somewhere.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνῃσιν","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνῃσιν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίη","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ποθὲν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ᾽","gloss":"arrives"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b14-l375","source":"ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν τὰ ἕκαστα παρήμενοι ἐξερέουσιν,","translation":"Then they sit beside the messenger and ask after each thing,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξερέουσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἕκαστα","gloss":"[the]"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξερέουσιν","gloss":"each thing"},{"surface":"παρήμενοι","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέουσιν","gloss":"sitting beside","note":"πάρημαι 'sit near/beside' — picture of eager listeners crowding the messenger"},{"surface":"ἐξερέουσιν","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask after"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b14-l376","source":"ἠμὲν οἳ ἄχνυνται δὴν οἰχομένοιο ἄνακτος,","translation":"both those who grieve for the master long gone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄχνυνται","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"ἄχνυνται","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"grieve"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gone away","note":"οἴχομαι 'be gone' — euphemistic verb for absence/loss, esp. of the missing"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄχνυνται","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b14-l377","source":"ἠδʼ οἳ χαίρουσιν βίοτον νήποινον ἔδοντες·","translation":"and those who rejoice, eating up his livelihood unpunished.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαίρουσιν","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"χαίρουσιν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"rejoice"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"livelihood","note":"βίοτος 'means of life, substance' — the suitors' target"},{"surface":"νήποινον","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"unpunished"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to χαίρουσιν","gloss":"eating up","note":"ἔδω 'eat/devour' — recurring image of the suitors consuming Odysseus' estate"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b14-l378","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ οὐ φίλον ἐστὶ μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι,","translation":"But it is not dear to me to make inquiry and ask,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear","note":"φίλον impersonal predicate 'is dear/pleasing (to me)' — common Homeric idiom for likes/wants"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μεταλλῆσαι","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to inquire"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέσθαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to ask"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b14-l379","source":"ἐξ οὗ δή μʼ Αἰτωλὸς ἀνὴρ ἐξήπαφε μύθῳ,","translation":"ever since an Aetolian man deceived me with his tale,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξήπαφε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Αἰτωλὸς","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"Aetolian"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξήπαφε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐξήπαφε","lemma":"ἐξαπαφίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"deceived"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξήπαφε","gloss":"with a tale"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b14-l380","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἄνδρα κτείνας, πολλὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀληθείς,","translation":"who, having killed a man and wandered over much land,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνας","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"κτείνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"killed","note":"aorist participle κτείνας 'having killed' — the wanderer's backstory as a fugitive murderer"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἀληθείς","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"wandered"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b14-l381","source":"ἦλθεν ἐμὰ πρὸς δώματʼ· ἐγὼ δέ μιν ἀμφαγάπαζον.","translation":"came to my dwelling; and I welcomed him warmly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφαγάπαζον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφαγάπαζον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμφαγάπαζον","lemma":"ἀμφαγαπάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welcomed warmly","note":"ἀμφαγαπάζω 'embrace warmly on all sides' — vivid compound verb of hospitality"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b14-l382","source":"φῆ δέ μιν ἐν Κρήτεσσι παρʼ Ἰδομενῆϊ ἰδέσθαι","translation":"He said he had seen him among the Cretans, at Idomeneus' side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Κρήτεσσι","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Cretans"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆϊ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"Idomeneus","note":"Ἰδομενεύς, king of Crete in the Trojan War — a name-drop lending false credibility"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of φῆ","gloss":"seen"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b14-l383","source":"νῆας ἀκειόμενον, τάς οἱ ξυνέαξαν ἄελλαι·","translation":"mending his ships, which the storms had shattered for him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκειόμενον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀκειόμενον","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mending"},{"surface":"τάς","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ξυνέαξαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξυνέαξαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ξυνέαξαν","lemma":"συνάγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆας","gloss":"shattered"},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ξυνέαξαν","gloss":"storms","note":"ἄελλαι 'storm winds' personified as agents that shattered the ships"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b14-l384","source":"καὶ φάτʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι ἢ ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην,","translation":"and he said he would come either by summer or by harvest-time,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φάτ᾽","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"θέρος","lemma":"θέρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ὀπώρην","lemma":"ὀπώρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"harvest-time","note":"ὀπώρα, the late-summer harvest season — traditional Homeric time-marker"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b14-l385","source":"πολλὰ χρήματʼ ἄγοντα, σὺν ἀντιθέοις ἑτάροισι.","translation":"bringing much treasure, together with his godlike companions.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρήματ᾽","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"χρήματ","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγοντα","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"ἄγοντα","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοις","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"godlike","note":"ἀντίθεος 'equal to the gods' — standard epic epithet for noble companions"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b14-l386","source":"καὶ σύ, γέρον πολυπενθές, ἐπεί σέ μοι ἤγαγε δαίμων,","translation":"And you too, old man of many sorrows, since a god has brought you to me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μήτε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"vocative γέρον — Odysseus in disguise being addressed as an old beggar"},{"surface":"πολυπενθές","lemma":"πολυμενθης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέρον","gloss":"of many sorrows"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων 'divine power/spirit' — impersonal sense of fate bringing the guest"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b14-l387","source":"μήτε τί μοι ψεύδεσσι χαρίζεο μήτε τι θέλγε·","translation":"do not try to please me with lies, nor bewitch me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l387.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέλγε","title":"Bewitch me","body":"Thelgo means to charm or enchant, often with words; Eumaeus warns against being beguiled by a flattering false story."}],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χαρίζεο","gloss":"[at all]"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χαρίζεο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ψεύδεσσι","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χαρίζεο","gloss":"with lies"},{"surface":"χαρίζεο","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"try to please","note":"χαρίζομαι imperative 'do favor/flatter' — Eumaeus warns against false comfort"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to θέλγε","gloss":"[at all]"},{"surface":"θέλγε","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bewitch"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b14-l388","source":"οὐ γὰρ τοὔνεκʼ ἐγώ σʼ αἰδέσσομαι οὐδὲ φιλήσω,","translation":"for it is not on that account that I will respect you or treat you kindly,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοὔνεκ","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"on that account"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αἰδέσσομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will respect"},{"surface":"φιλήσω","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will treat kindly"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b14-l389","source":"ἀλλὰ Δία ξένιον δείσας αὐτόν τʼ ἐλεαίρων.","translation":"but out of fear of Zeus the protector of strangers, and pity for you.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείσας","gloss":"Zeus","note":"Δία, acc. of Ζεύς — object of δείσας 'fearing'"},{"surface":"ξένιον","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"protector of strangers","note":"ξένιος 'god of hospitality' — Zeus Xenios, guardian of guest-host duty, key Odyssey theme"},{"surface":"δείσας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐλεαίρων","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρων","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pitying"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b14-l390","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","translation":"Then in answer spoke to him Odysseus of many devices:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l390.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"Of many devices","body":"Polymetis, 'of many counsels,' is a standing epithet of Odysseus marking his cunning intelligence. Such fixed epithets are a hallmark of Homeric style."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many devices","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus' signature epithet 'of many wiles/resourceful'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b14-l391","source":"ἦ μάλα τίς τοι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἄπιστος,","translation":"\"Truly the heart in your breast is a very unbelieving one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"[a]"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart","note":"θυμός 'spirit/heart' — seat of emotion and disbelief here"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἄπιστος","lemma":"ἄπιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unbelieving","note":"ἄπιστος 'not to be persuaded' — Odysseus notes Eumaeus' stubborn disbelief"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b14-l392","source":"οἷόν σʼ οὐδʼ ὀμόσας περ ἐπήγαγον οὐδέ σε πείθω.","translation":"seeing that not even with an oath did I win you over or persuade you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"such that","note":"οἷον introduces a result/exclamatory clause: 'such that not even...'"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπήγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀμόσας","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπήγαγον","gloss":"swearing an oath"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[even]"},{"surface":"ἐπήγαγον","lemma":"ἐπάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"won over"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πείθω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πείθω","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"persuade"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b14-l393","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ῥήτρην ποιησόμεθʼ· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε","translation":"But come now, let us make a compact; and hereafter","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l393.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥήτρην","title":"A compact","body":"Rhetra is a spoken agreement or covenant. Odysseus proposes a formal bargain with the gods as witnesses."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε 'come!' — Homeric exhortation particle introducing a proposal"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιησόμεθ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ῥήτρην","lemma":"ῥήτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιησόμεθ᾽","gloss":"a compact","note":"ῥήτρα 'agreement/pact' — Odysseus proposes a wager to prove his claim"},{"surface":"ποιησόμεθ","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us make"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b14-l394","source":"μάρτυροι ἀμφοτέροισι θεοί, τοὶ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν.","translation":"let the gods who hold Olympus be witnesses to us both.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρτυροι","lemma":"μάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witnesses"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"to us both"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"Olympus","note":"epic formula: gods 'who hold Olympus' names them by their home, not deed."},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοί","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b14-l395","source":"εἰ μέν κεν νοστήσῃ ἄναξ τεὸς ἐς τόδε δῶμα,","translation":"If your master returns home to this house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l395.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κεν νοστήσῃ","title":"Future condition","body":"The subjunctive with the particle κεν (Attic ἄν) sets up an open future condition: 'if he should return.' Homer's mood marks the outcome as not yet settled."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κεν+subjunctive marks a future-more-vivid 'if' clause, common in Homer."},{"surface":"νοστήσῃ","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"returns home"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστήσῃ","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"τεὸς","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b14-l396","source":"ἕσσας με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα πέμψαι","translation":"clothe me in a cloak and tunic, good garments, and send me","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσας","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμψαι","gloss":"having clothed","note":"treebank lemma ἵζω looks off for ἕσσας ('having clothed'), which is really from ἕννυμι — gloss follows the translation's sense."},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"πέμψαι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"send","note":"epexegetic infinitive of the wish/command begun by the beggar's request."}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b14-l397","source":"Δουλίχιόνδʼ ἰέναι, ὅθι μοι φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ·","translation":"to go to Dulichium, where my heart longs to be.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δουλίχιόνδ","lemma":"Δουλίχιόδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"to Dulichium","note":"directional -δε suffix on a place name: 'to Dulichium', a common epic movement marker."},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμψαι","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δουλίχιόνδ᾽","gloss":"was","note":"πέλω (be/become) as an epic alternative to εἰμί, common in formulaic verse."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φίλον","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b14-l398","source":"εἰ δέ κε μὴ ἔλθῃσιν ἄναξ τεὸς ὡς ἀγορεύω,","translation":"But if your master does not come as I declare,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃσιν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃσιν","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"τεὸς","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃσιν","gloss":"I declare"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b14-l399","source":"δμῶας ἐπισσεύας βαλέειν μεγάλης κατὰ πέτρης,","translation":"set your slaves on me and throw me from a great cliff,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῶας","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπισσεύας","gloss":"slaves"},{"surface":"ἐπισσεύας","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βαλέειν","gloss":"setting on","note":"aorist participle used with imperative force alongside the infinitive βαλέειν — a chained command."},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw"},{"surface":"μεγάλης","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"cliff"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b14-l400","source":"ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλος πτωχὸς ἀλεύεται ἠπεροπεύειν.","translation":"so that another beggar too may shrink from deceiving.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχὸς","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"πτωχὸς","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλεύεται","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"ἀλεύεται","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"shrinks from"},{"surface":"ἠπεροπεύειν","lemma":"ἠπεροπεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλεύεται","gloss":"deceiving","note":"ἠπεροπεύειν 'to deceive/mislead' — the beggar's cautionary point about false claims."}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b14-l401","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε δῖος ὑφορβός·","translation":"Then in answer the noble swineherd addressed him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβός","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος ὑφορβός 'noble swineherd' — a recurring Homeric epithet formula for Eumaeus."},{"surface":"ὑφορβός","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b14-l402","source":"ξεῖνʼ, οὕτω γάρ κέν μοι ἐϋκλείη τʼ ἀρετή τε","translation":"\"Stranger, in that way I would have fair fame and virtue","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l402.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρετή","title":"Virtue, excellence","body":"Arete is a man's excellence or worth in the eyes of others. Eumaeus says, with bitter irony, that murdering his guest would hardly earn him honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐϋκλείη","lemma":"εὔκλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"good fame"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρετή","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"virtue"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b14-l403","source":"εἴη ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ἅμα τʼ αὐτίκα καὶ μετέπειτα,","translation":"among men, both at once and afterward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be","note":"optative + κεν expresses a potential wish/result: 'I would have fame...'"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"immediately"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέπειτα","lemma":"μετέπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b14-l404","source":"ὅς σʼ ἐπεὶ ἐς κλισίην ἄγαγον καὶ ξείνια δῶκα,","translation":"I who, after I led you to my hut and gave you guest-gifts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"I who"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἄγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"ἄγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξείνια","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δῶκα","gloss":"guest-gifts","note":"ξείνια evokes xenia, the sacred guest-host bond central to the Odyssey's ethics."},{"surface":"δῶκα","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b14-l405","source":"αὖτις δὲ κτείναιμι φίλον τʼ ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἑλοίμην·","translation":"should then kill you and take away your dear life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτείναιμι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"should kill","note":"optative (κτείναιμι/ἑλοίμην) expresses a hypothetical: 'should I then kill you...' — irony, since Eumaeus would never do this."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλοίμην","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἑλοίμην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b14-l406","source":"πρόφρων κεν δὴ ἔπειτα Δία Κρονίωνα λιτοίμην.","translation":"With a ready heart I would pray to Zeus the son of Cronus after that!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l406.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λιτοίμην","title":"Ironic optative","body":"The optative λιτοίμην ('I would pray') is bitterly ironic: a man with such guilt could hardly approach the gods with a clear conscience."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιτοίμην","gloss":"after that"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"son of Cronus","note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet — Zeus identified by his father Cronus, standard epic titling."},{"surface":"λιτοίμην","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would pray"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b14-l407","source":"νῦν δʼ ὥρη δόρποιο· τάχιστά μοι ἔνδον ἑταῖροι","translation":"But now it is the hour for supper. May my companions soon","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥρη","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"δόρποιο","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὥρη","gloss":"of supper"},{"surface":"τάχιστά","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἶεν","gloss":"quickest"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶεν","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b14-l408","source":"εἶεν, ἵνʼ ἐν κλισίῃ λαρὸν τετυκοίμεθα δόρπον.","translation":"be inside, so that we may prepare a tasty supper in the hut.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may be","note":"εἶεν (optative of εἰμί) expresses a wish continued across the line break from ἑταῖροι...εἶεν."},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"λαρὸν","lemma":"λαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρπον","gloss":"tasty"},{"surface":"τετυκοίμεθα","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"prepare"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τετυκοίμεθα","gloss":"supper"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b14-l409","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b14-l410","source":"ἀγχίμολον δὲ σύες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἦλθον ὑφορβοί.","translation":"and near at hand came the swine and the swineherd men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύες","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"swine"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὑφορβοί","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"swineherds"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b14-l411","source":"τὰς μὲν ἄρα ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι,","translation":"These they then penned to sleep in their accustomed quarters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρξαν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔρξαν","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"penned"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἤθεα","lemma":"ἦθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"accustomed quarters"},{"surface":"κοιμηθῆναι","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔρξαν","gloss":"to sleep"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b14-l412","source":"κλαγγὴ δʼ ἄσπετος ὦρτο συῶν αὐλιζομενάων","translation":"and an unspeakable clamor arose from the swine being shut in their pens.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαγγὴ","lemma":"κλαγγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"clamor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλαγγὴ","gloss":"unspeakable","note":"ἄσπετος 'unspeakable/immense', a favorite Homeric intensifier for noise, grief, or crowds."},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"συῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κλαγγὴ","gloss":"of the swine"},{"surface":"αὐλιζομενάων","lemma":"αὐλίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being penned"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b14-l413","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ οἷς ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο δῖος ὑφορβός·","translation":"Then the noble swineherd called out to his companions:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβός","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβός","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b14-l414","source":"ἄξεθʼ ὑῶν τὸν ἄριστον, ἵνα ξείνῳ ἱερεύσω","translation":"\"Bring the best of the boars, so that I may sacrifice it for the stranger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξεθ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"ὑῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the boars"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄξεθ᾽","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱερεύσω","gloss":"for the stranger"},{"surface":"ἱερεύσω","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"I may sacrifice"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b14-l415","source":"τηλεδαπῷ· πρὸς δʼ αὐτοὶ ὀνησόμεθʼ, οἵ περ ὀϊζὺν","translation":"from a far land; and we ourselves will profit, we who endure misery","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλεδαπῷ","lemma":"τηλεδαπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνῳ","gloss":"from a far land","note":"τηλεδαπός 'from a far country' — stresses the stranger's unknown, distant origin, heightening the guest-gift's generosity."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀνησόμεθ᾽","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"ὀνησόμεθ","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will profit"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχομεν","gloss":"we who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀϊζὺν","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχομεν","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b14-l416","source":"δὴν ἔχομεν πάσχοντες ὑῶν ἕνεκʼ ἀργιοδόντων·","translation":"long, suffering for the sake of the white-tusked swine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχομεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἔχομεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"πάσχοντες","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχομεν","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"ὑῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"of swine"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἀργιοδόντων","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑῶν","gloss":"white-tusked","note":"ἀργιόδους 'white-tusked' — vivid compound epithet painting the boars concretely."}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b14-l417","source":"ἄλλοι δʼ ἡμέτερον κάματον νήποινον ἔδουσιν.","translation":"while others eat up our labor unpunished.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάματον","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"κάματον","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"νήποινον","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κάματον","gloss":"unpunished","note":"νήποινον 'without penalty' — bitter note about the suitors devouring Odysseus's herds scot-free."},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eat up"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b14-l418","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"So speaking he split wood with the pitiless bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέασε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"κέασε","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"split"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κέασε","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless","note":"νηλής χαλκός 'pitiless bronze' — a stock epic transferred epithet, the tool given the harshness of the act."},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κέασε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b14-l419","source":"οἱ δʼ ὗν εἰσῆγον μάλα πίονα πενταέτηρον.","translation":"and the others led in a very fat boar, five years old.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσῆγον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὗν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσῆγον","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"εἰσῆγον","lemma":"εἰσάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led in"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὗν","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"πενταέτηρον","lemma":"πενταέτηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὗν","gloss":"five years old"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b14-l420","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἔστησαν ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ· οὐδὲ συβώτης","translation":"Then they set it by the hearth; and the swineherd did not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔστησαν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ἔστησαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἐσχάρῃ","lemma":"ἐσχάρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λήθετ᾽","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b14-l421","source":"λήθετʼ ἄρʼ ἀθανάτων· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσιν·","translation":"forget the immortals, for he was endowed with a good mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λήθετ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot","note":"λανθάνω+genitive 'forget'; sacrificing to the gods even amid hardship shows Eumaeus's piety, the point of this aside."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of λήθετ᾽","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of κέχρητ᾽","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέχρητ","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was endowed"},{"surface":"ἀγαθῇσιν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b14-l422","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅγʼ ἀπαρχόμενος κεφαλῆς τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν","translation":"As his first offering he threw into the fire bristles from the head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅγ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεν","gloss":"he","note":"Epic ὅγε = ὁ + emphatic γε, common way to resume the subject."},{"surface":"ἀπαρχόμενος","lemma":"ἀπάρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλλεν","gloss":"making first offering","note":"ἀπάρχομαι: ritual middle, taking the first bit before sacrifice/cutting."},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τρίχας","gloss":"of the head"},{"surface":"τρίχας","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλεν","gloss":"bristles"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"βάλλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw","note":"Unaugmented imperfect βάλλεν (epic), 3rd sg 'was throwing/threw'."}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b14-l423","source":"ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, καὶ ἐπεύχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσιν","translation":"of the white-tusked boar, and prayed to all the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντος","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑός","gloss":"white-tusked","note":"Formulaic epithet ἀργιόδους 'white-tusked' regularly describes the sacrificial boar."},{"surface":"ὑός","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"boar's"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεύχετο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"gods","note":"Epic dative plural θεοῖσιν with extra -σι, common metrical variant of θεοῖς."}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b14-l424","source":"νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε.","translation":"that Odysseus of many counsels might return to his own home.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστῆσαι","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύφρονα","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"of many wits","note":"Standing epithet πολύφρων 'of many counsels', marking Odysseus' cunning even offstage."},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"to his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"homeward","note":"δόμονδε: noun + directional -δε suffix, 'to/toward home', no preposition needed."}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b14-l425","source":"κόψε δʼ ἀνασχόμενος σχίζῃ δρυός, ἣν λίπε κείων·","translation":"He struck it, raising up an oak billet that he had left aside when splitting wood;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόψε","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνασχόμενος","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κόψε","gloss":"lifting up"},{"surface":"σχίζῃ","lemma":"σχίζα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κόψε","gloss":"with a billet"},{"surface":"δρυός","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies σχίζῃ","gloss":"of oak"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σχίζῃ","gloss":"had left"},{"surface":"κείων","lemma":"κείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπε","gloss":"splitting wood","note":"κείων here in context of chopping/splitting, a rarer sense of the verb 'to split/cut'."}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b14-l426","source":"τὸν δʼ ἔλιπε ψυχή. τοὶ δʼ ἔσφαξάν τε καὶ εὗσαν·","translation":"and the life left it. Then they slaughtered it and singed it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l426.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχή","title":"The life left it","body":"Psyche here is the life-breath that departs at death; in Homer it survives as a shade in Hades but holds no consciousness."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλιπε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλιπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλιπε","gloss":"life","note":"ψυχή 'life-breath' leaving the body is the Homeric idiom for dying."},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσφαξάν","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughtered"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗσαν","lemma":"εὕω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"singed"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b14-l427","source":"αἶψα δέ μιν διέχευαν· ὁ δʼ ὠμοθετεῖτο συβώτης,","translation":"and quickly cut it up. The swineherd laid out the raw pieces,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέχευαν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διέχευαν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"διέχευαν","lemma":"διαχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠμοθετεῖτο","lemma":"ὠμοθετέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid out raw meat","note":"ὠμοθετέω: technical sacrificial term, laying raw pieces on the fat before burning."},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b14-l428","source":"πάντων ἀρχόμενος μελέων, ἐς πίονα δημόν,","translation":"beginning with bits from all the limbs, upon the rich fat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μελέων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀρχόμενος","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὠμοθετεῖτο","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρχόμενος","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημόν","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δημόν","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b14-l429","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε, παλύνας ἀλφίτου ἀκτῇ,","translation":"and these he threw into the fire, sprinkling them with barley meal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of βάλλε","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"βάλλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"παλύνας","lemma":"παλύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλλε","gloss":"sprinkling"},{"surface":"ἀλφίτου","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκτῇ","gloss":"of barley meal"},{"surface":"ἀκτῇ","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παλύνας","gloss":"with a handful","note":"ἀκτή here means 'meal, groats' not 'shore' — a distinct Homeric homonym."}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b14-l430","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,","translation":"and the rest they cut up and pierced on spits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίστυλλόν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up","note":"μιστύλλω: specialized epic verb for mincing sacrificial meat into small pieces."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τἆλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μίστυλλόν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"on spits"},{"surface":"ἔπειραν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b14-l431","source":"ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα,","translation":"and roasted it carefully and drew it all off,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤπτησάν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιφραδέως","lemma":"περιφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤπτησάν","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντό","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρύσαντό","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b14-l432","source":"βάλλον δʼ εἰν ἐλεοῖσιν ἀολλέα· ἂν δὲ συβώτης","translation":"and threw it heaped together on the platters. Then the swineherd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἐλεοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐλεός","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"platters"},{"surface":"ἀολλέα","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"heaped together"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἀνά used adverbially here ('up'), tmesis-style separated from a verb of standing."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατο","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b14-l433","source":"ἵστατο δαιτρεύσων· περὶ γὰρ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη.","translation":"stood up to carve, for in his heart he knew what was fitting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δαιτρεύσων","lemma":"δαιτρεύω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵστατο","gloss":"to carve","note":"Future participle expressing purpose: 'stood up (in order) to carve'."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"fitting portions"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"Pluperfect ᾔδη of οἶδα carries past/imperfect force ('knew'), just as the perfect οἶδα itself carries present force ('know')."}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b14-l434","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἕπταχα πάντα διεμοιρᾶτο δαΐζων·","translation":"And he divided it all into seven portions, cutting it up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of διεμοιρᾶτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕπταχα","lemma":"ἕπταχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεμοιρᾶτο","gloss":"into seven"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"διεμοιρᾶτο","lemma":"διαμοιράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"δαΐζων","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διεμοιρᾶτο","gloss":"cutting up"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b14-l435","source":"τὴν μὲν ἴαν νύμφῃσι καὶ Ἑρμῇ, Μαιάδος υἱεῖ,","translation":"one he set aside for the nymphs and for Hermes, son of Maia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἴαν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἴαν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"one portion"},{"surface":"νύμφῃσι","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for the nymphs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑρμῇ","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"for Hermes"},{"surface":"Μαιάδος","lemma":"Μαιάς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies υἱεῖ","gloss":"of Maia"},{"surface":"υἱεῖ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b14-l436","source":"θῆκεν ἐπευξάμενος, τὰς δʼ ἄλλας νεῖμεν ἑκάστῳ·","translation":"with a prayer, and the others he dealt out to each man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set aside"},{"surface":"ἐπευξάμενος","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλας","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of νεῖμεν","gloss":"other portions"},{"surface":"νεῖμεν","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dealt out"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of νεῖμεν","gloss":"to each man"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b14-l437","source":"νώτοισιν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν","translation":"But he honored Odysseus with the long cuts of the chine","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώτοισιν","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to γέραιρεν","gloss":"with chine cuts","note":"νῶτα, the long back/loin cuts, were a mark of special honor in Homeric feasts."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γέραιρεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"διηνεκέεσσι","lemma":"διηνεκής","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νώτοισιν","gloss":"unbroken, long"},{"surface":"γέραιρεν","lemma":"γεραίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b14-l438","source":"ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, κύδαινε δὲ θυμὸν ἄνακτος·","translation":"of the white-tusked boar, and gladdened the heart of his master.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντος","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑός","gloss":"white-tusked"},{"surface":"ὑός","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νώτοισιν","gloss":"boar's"},{"surface":"κύδαινε","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gladdened"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κύδαινε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"of master"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b14-l439","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"And speaking to him, Odysseus of many devices said:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed","note":"προσέφη is the standard Homeric formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus' signature epithet, 'of many devices/schemes'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b14-l440","source":"αἴθʼ οὕτως, Εὔμαιε, φίλος Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιο","translation":"\"May you become as dear to father Zeus, Eumaeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l440.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γένοιο","title":"Optative of wish","body":"The optative γένοιο ('may you become') voices a wish or prayer. Homer often opens blessings and curses with this mood."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh that"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γένοιο","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"γένοιο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you become","note":"Optative of wish (αἴθε + optative) — a common Homeric prayer/blessing formula."}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b14-l441","source":"ὡς ἐμοί, ὅττι τε τοῖον ἐόντʼ ἀγαθοῖσι γεραίρεις.","translation":"as you do for me, honoring one in my state with the best portions.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"ἐόντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γεραίρεις","gloss":"being","note":"Concessive/causal participle: 'being such a one (as I am)'."},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῖσι","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γεραίρεις","gloss":"with good things"},{"surface":"γεραίρεις","lemma":"γεραίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττι","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b14-l442","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"And you answered him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l442.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Address in the second person","body":"Homer turns to address Eumaeus directly with 'you said' (second-person), a rare apostrophe used repeatedly for this loyal servant. The verb is imperfect, marking the act of speaking."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b14-l443","source":"ἔσθιε, δαιμόνιε ξείνων, καὶ τέρπεο τοῖσδε,","translation":"\"Eat, my strange guest, and take your pleasure in such things","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l443.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαιμόνιε","title":"daimonie","body":"A warm but startled form of address, literally 'driven by a daimon.' Here it conveys friendly wonder, roughly 'good sir' or 'my strange friend.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθιε","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"δαιμόνιε","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strange one","note":"δαιμόνιε: affectionate/wondering address, 'you strange fellow', not literally 'demonic'."},{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δαιμόνιε","gloss":"of guests"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρπεο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take pleasure"},{"surface":"τοῖσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τέρπεο","gloss":"in these things"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b14-l444","source":"οἷα πάρεστι· θεὸς δὲ τὸ μὲν δώσει, τὸ δʼ ἐάσει,","translation":"as are at hand. A god will give one thing and withhold another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of πάρεστι","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"πάρεστι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖσδε","gloss":"are at hand"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"one thing"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐάσει","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐάσει","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will withhold"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b14-l445","source":"ὅττι κεν ᾧ θυμῷ ἐθέλῃ· δύναται γὰρ ἅπαντα.","translation":"whatever he wishes in his heart; for he can do all things.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever","note":"κεν/ἄν + subjunctive gives the indefinite 'whatever he may wish' force."},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττι","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"all things"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b14-l446","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄργματα θῦσε θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσι,","translation":"He spoke, and burned the first cuttings as offering to the gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"Epic ἦ ῥα, formulaic 'he spoke, then', marking transition from speech to action."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄργματα","lemma":"ἄργμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῦσε","gloss":"first cuttings"},{"surface":"θῦσε","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned as offering"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θῦσε","gloss":"to gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενέτῃσι","lemma":"αἰειγενέτης","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"ever-living","note":"αἰειγενέτης 'born forever', epic epithet for the immortal gods."}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b14-l447","source":"σπείσας δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ","translation":"and after pouring a libation of gleaming wine, into the hands of Odysseus the sacker of cities","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l447.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πτολιπόρθῳ","title":"Epithet 'sacker of cities'","body":"A standing formulaic epithet for Odysseus, in the dative here to agree with him as recipient. The poet uses it even while Odysseus sits disguised as a beggar."}],"words":[{"surface":"σπείσας","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκεν","gloss":"pouring libation"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"πτολιπόρθῳ","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆϊ","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"πτολίπορθος, heroic epithet marking Odysseus as destroyer of Troy."}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b14-l448","source":"ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν· ὁ δʼ ἕζετο ᾗ παρὰ μοίρῃ.","translation":"he placed it; and Odysseus sat down by his own portion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοίρῃ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μοίρῃ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"portion"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b14-l449","source":"σῖτον δέ σφιν ἔνειμε Μεσαύλιος, ὅν ῥα συβώτης","translation":"Mesaulius dealt out the bread to them, a man whom the swineherd","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνειμε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔνειμε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἔνειμε","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dealt out"},{"surface":"Μεσαύλιος","lemma":"Μεσαύλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνειμε","gloss":"Mesaulius","note":"Minor named servant of Eumaeus, mentioned only here in the Odyssey."},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτήσατο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτήσατο","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b14-l450","source":"αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος,","translation":"had himself acquired, alone, while his master was away,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"κτήσατο","lemma":"κτάομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μεσαύλιος","gloss":"acquired","note":"Middle voice κτάομαι: acquired 'for himself', matching αὐτὸς."},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτήσατο","gloss":"being away","note":"Genitive absolute construction: 'while the master was away.'"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποιχομένοιο","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b14-l451","source":"νόσφιν δεσποίνης καὶ Λαέρταο γέροντος·","translation":"apart from his mistress and the old man Laertes;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"δεσποίνης","lemma":"δέσποινα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λαέρταο","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρταο","gloss":"old man","note":"Epic epithet phrase: 'old man Laertes,' a recurring formula in the Odyssey."}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b14-l452","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν.","translation":"he had bought him from the Taphians with his own possessions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρίατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ταφίων","lemma":"Τάφιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Taphians"},{"surface":"πρίατο","lemma":"πρίαμαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσιν","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρίατο","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἑοῖσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσιν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b14-l453","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"They reached out their hands to the good things spread ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l453.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴαλλον","title":"Formulaic meal-line","body":"This whole line is a fixed formula repeated throughout Homer for the start of a meal. The verb is imperfect, picturing the ongoing reaching for food."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at, toward"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"set before them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out","note":"Formulaic Homeric line for beginning a meal: 'they put forth their hands.'"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b14-l454","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l454.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Idiom 'put away desire'","body":"A recurring Homeric formula meaning 'they had had their fill,' literally 'they sent the desire out from themselves.' It closes nearly every meal scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away, off","note":"ἐξ...ἕντο is a tmesis: the preposition ἐκ separated from its verb ἵημι."},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put away","note":"ἕντο from ἵημι: 'they let go/put away' desire, completing the tmesis with ἐξ."}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b14-l455","source":"σῖτον μέν σφιν ἀφεῖλε Μεσαύλιος, οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ κοῖτον","translation":"Mesaulius cleared away the bread from them, and they hurried to bed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφεῖλε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφεῖλε","gloss":"from them"},{"surface":"ἀφεῖλε","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cleared away"},{"surface":"Μεσαύλιος","lemma":"Μεσαύλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφεῖλε","gloss":"Mesaulius"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, toward"},{"surface":"κοῖτον","lemma":"κοῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b14-l456","source":"σίτου καὶ κρειῶν κεκορημένοι ἐσσεύοντο.","translation":"sated with bread and meat.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"κεκορημένοι","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"sated","note":"Perfect participle κεκορημένοι: 'having been sated,' describing state before hurrying to bed."},{"surface":"ἐσσεύοντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurried off"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b14-l457","source":"νὺξ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπῆλθε κακὴ σκοτομήνιος, ὗε δʼ ἄρα\n                  Ζεὺς","translation":"Then a foul night came on, moonless and black, and Zeus rained","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l457.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σκοτομήνιος","title":"Moonless dark","body":"A vivid compound meaning 'with a dark, moonless night.' It sets the scene for the cold that motivates Odysseus' tale about needing a cloak."}],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπῆλθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came on"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"σκοτομήνιος","lemma":"σκοτομήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"moonless","note":"σκοτομήνιος, 'dark of moon,' a rare compound adjective vivid for weather description."},{"surface":"ὗε","lemma":"ὕω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rained"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὗε","gloss":"Zeus","note":"Zeus as weather-god: rain and storm are his direct action, a common epic conceit."}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b14-l458","source":"πάννυχος, αὐτὰρ ἄη Ζέφυρος μέγας αἰὲν ἔφυδρος.","translation":"all night long, and a great West Wind blew, ever bringing wet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάννυχος","lemma":"πάννυχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night long"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄη","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"Ζέφυρος","lemma":"ζέφυρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄη","gloss":"West Wind"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔφυδρος","lemma":"ἔφυδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"bringing wet","note":"ἔφυδρος, 'rain-bearing,' a striking rare epithet for the West Wind here."}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b14-l459","source":"τοῖς δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετέειπε, συβώτεω πειρητίζων,","translation":"Among them Odysseus spoke, making trial of the swineherd,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l459.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πειρητίζων","title":"Making trial","body":"Odysseus is 'testing' Eumaeus, a key theme of the book: he probes others' character indirectly rather than asking outright. The present participle marks the ongoing testing."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"συβώτεω","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρητίζων","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"πειρητίζων","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"testing","note":"πειρητίζων: Odysseus is craftily testing Eumaeus, typical of his disguised probing."}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b14-l460","source":"εἴ πώς οἱ ἐκδὺς χλαῖναν πόροι, ἤ τινʼ ἑταίρων","translation":"to see whether he would strip off his cloak and give it, or rouse one of his companions","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόροι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐκδὺς","lemma":"ἐκδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πόροι","gloss":"stripping off"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πόροι","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"πόροι","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"would give","note":"Optative πόροι expresses a hoped-for possibility in indirect deliberation."},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνειεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of companions"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b14-l461","source":"ἄλλον ἐποτρύνειεν, ἐπεί ἑο κήδετο λίην·","translation":"to do it, since he cared for him so greatly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνειεν","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"would rouse"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἑο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κήδετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κήδετο","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"cared for","note":"κήδετο + genitive ἑο: 'cared for him,' the verb takes a genitive object."},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κήδετο","gloss":"greatly"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b14-l462","source":"κέκλυθι νῦν, Εὔμαιε καὶ ἄλλοι πάντες\n                     ἑταῖροι,","translation":"\"Hear me now, Eumaeus, and all you other companions:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυθι: aorist imperative of κλύω, a common epic command, 'hearken!'"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b14-l463","source":"εὐξάμενός τι ἔπος ἐρέω· οἶνος γὰρ ἀνώγει","translation":"I will speak a word with a boast in it; for the wine commands me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐξάμενός","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"boasting","note":"εὐξάμενός: 'having made a boast,' Odysseus flags he's about to tell a wine-loosened tale."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will speak"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b14-l464","source":"ἠλεός, ὅς τʼ ἐφέηκε πολύφρονά περ μάλʼ ἀεῖσαι","translation":"the bewildering wine, which sets even a very prudent man to singing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠλεός","title":"Wine that fools","body":"The adjective means 'crazing, bewildering.' Odysseus blames the wine for loosening his tongue, a graceful cover for the deliberate story he is about to tell."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠλεός","lemma":"ἠλεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνος","gloss":"bewildering","note":"ἠλεός describes wine's power to addle judgment, framing the coming tale as tipsy talk."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέηκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφέηκε","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"sets to"},{"surface":"πολύφρονά","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prudent man"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀεῖσαι","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καί","gloss":"sing"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b14-l465","source":"καί θʼ ἁπαλὸν γελάσαι, καί τʼ ὀρχήσασθαι ἀνῆκε,","translation":"and to laughing softly, and stirs him up to dance,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἁπαλὸν","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γελάσαι","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"γελάσαι","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καί","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀρχήσασθαι","lemma":"ὀρχέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"stirs up"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b14-l466","source":"καί τι ἔπος προέηκεν ὅ περ τʼ ἄρρητον ἄμεινον.","translation":"and lets slip a word that had been better left unsaid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προέηκεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"προέηκεν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"lets slip"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρρητον","lemma":"ἄρρητος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unsaid","note":"ἄρρητον: 'unspoken,' the word better left unsaid — proverbial wisdom on wine's loose tongue."},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b14-l467","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον, οὐκ ἐπικεύσω.","translation":"But since I have once cried out, I will not hold it back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέκραγον","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀνέκραγον","lemma":"ἀνακράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"cried out","note":"ἀνέκραγον: the disguised Odysseus admits he's already blurted the start of his tale."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπικεύσω","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b14-l468","source":"εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη,","translation":"Would that I were young again, and my strength were firm,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l468.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βίη","title":"biê — bodily strength","body":"biê denotes raw physical force or might. Odysseus' wish 'if only my biê were firm' frames the whole reminiscence of the ambush at Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἡβώοιμι","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were young","note":"Optative wish ἡβώοιμι: 'would that I were young,' a wistful old-age topos of epic heroes."},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b14-l469","source":"ὡς ὅθʼ ὑπὸ Τροίην λόχον ἤγομεν ἀρτύναντες.","translation":"as when we set and led an ambush beneath the walls of Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"λόχον","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤγομεν","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"ἤγομεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"led","note":"λόχον ἤγομεν: 'we led an ambush party,' idiom for setting a military ambush."},{"surface":"ἀρτύναντες","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤγομεν","gloss":"having set"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b14-l470","source":"ἡγείσθην δʼ Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος,","translation":"Odysseus and Menelaus son of Atreus were the leaders,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγείσθην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led","note":"Dual verb ἡγείσθην: exactly two leaders, Odysseus and Menelaus."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b14-l471","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἅμα τρίτος ἄρχον ἐγών· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἄνωγον.","translation":"and along with them I was a third in command; for they themselves bade me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τρίτος","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἄρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄρχον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄνωγον","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade","note":"ἄνωγον: 'they themselves ordered [it]' — explains why the narrator (Odysseus in disguise) commanded despite rank."}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b14-l472","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἱκόμεσθα ποτὶ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος,","translation":"But when we had come up to the city and its steep wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἱκόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, toward"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"αἰπύ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wall"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b14-l473","source":"ἡμεῖς μὲν περὶ ἄστυ κατὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνά,","translation":"we, in the dense thickets around the town,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κείμεθα","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"ῥωπήϊα","lemma":"ῥωπήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"πυκνά","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥωπήϊα","gloss":"dense"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b14-l474","source":"ἂν δόνακας καὶ ἕλος, ὑπὸ τεύχεσι πεπτηῶτες","translation":"among the reeds and the marsh, crouched low beneath our armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δόνακας","lemma":"δόναξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"reeds"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλος","lemma":"ἕλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"marsh"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"πεπτηῶτες","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κείμεθα","gloss":"crouched low","note":"πεπτηῶτες: perfect participle of πίπτω used specially for 'cowering/crouching down,' vivid ambush posture."}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b14-l475","source":"κείμεθα. νὺξ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπῆλθε κακὴ Βορέαο πεσόντος,","translation":"and lay there. Night came on foul, when the North Wind dropped,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμεθα","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπῆλθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came on"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"Βορέαο","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεσόντος","gloss":"North Wind"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"dropped","note":"Genitive absolute: 'the North Wind having fallen [dropped],' setting up freezing calm."}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b14-l476","source":"πηγυλίς· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε χιὼν γένετʼ ἠΰτε πάχνη,","translation":"freezing; and snow fell from above like hoarfrost,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πηγυλίς","lemma":"πηγυλίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"freezing"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ᾽","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"χιὼν","lemma":"χιών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ᾽","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"just like"},{"surface":"πάχνη","lemma":"πάχνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hoarfrost"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b14-l477","source":"ψυχρή, καὶ σακέεσσι περιτρέφετο κρύσταλλος.","translation":"cold, and ice crusted over upon our shields.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχρή","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χιὼν","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σακέεσσι","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περιτρέφετο","gloss":"on shields"},{"surface":"περιτρέφετο","lemma":"περιτρέφομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crusted over","note":"περιτρέφετο: 'was formed/thickened around,' describing ice literally caking the shield-rims."},{"surface":"κρύσταλλος","lemma":"κρύσταλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περιτρέφετο","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b14-l478","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι πάντες χλαίνας ἔχον ἠδὲ χιτῶνας,","translation":"There all the others had cloaks and tunics,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"all the others"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had","note":"ἔχον is imperfect: describes the ongoing state of the sleeping men, not a single event."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b14-l479","source":"εὗδον δʼ εὔκηλοι, σάκεσιν εἰλυμένοι ὤμους·","translation":"and slept untroubled, their shoulders wrapped in their shields;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔκηλοι","lemma":"εὔκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"untroubled"},{"surface":"σάκεσιν","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἰλυμένοι","gloss":"in their shields","note":"dative of means with εἰλυμένοι: 'wrapped by/in their shields' rather than a location."},{"surface":"εἰλυμένοι","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗδον","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰλυμένοι","gloss":"shoulders","note":"accusative of respect/part affected: 'wrapped as to the shoulders,' a common Homeric construction with passive participles."}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b14-l480","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ χλαῖναν μὲν ἰὼν ἑτάροισιν ἔλειπον","translation":"but I, setting out, had left my cloak behind with my companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλειπον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλειπον","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλειπον","gloss":"setting out","note":"ἰὼν from εἶμι 'go,' a present participle describing action concurrent with ἔλειπον: 'as he was setting out,' not a future sense."},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰὼν","gloss":"with companions"},{"surface":"ἔλειπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had left behind"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b14-l481","source":"ἀφραδίῃς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐφάμην ῥιγωσέμεν ἔμπης,","translation":"in my folly, since I did not think I would be cold at all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l481.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφραδίῃς","title":"In thoughtlessness","body":"A dative of cause, 'through thoughtlessness.' The detail sets up the clever ruse by which Odysseus will get a cloak."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃς","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλειπον","gloss":"in my folly","note":"instrumental/causal dative plural, 'through acts of folly' — explains why he left his cloak."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"ῥιγωσέμεν","lemma":"ῥιγόω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"would be cold","note":"future infinitive ῥιγωσέμεν (epic -μεν ending) after a verb of thinking, giving indirect statement."},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥιγωσέμεν","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b14-l482","source":"ἀλλʼ ἑπόμην σάκος οἶον ἔχων καὶ ζῶμα φαεινόν.","translation":"but had come with only my shield and a shining war-belt.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑπόμην","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come along"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑπόμην","gloss":"having","note":"circumstantial participle ἔχων: 'having only a shield,' explaining the manner of ἑπόμην."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζῶμα","lemma":"ζῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war-belt"},{"surface":"φαεινόν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζῶμα","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b14-l483","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τρίχα νυκτὸς ἔην, μετὰ δʼ ἄστρα βεβήκει,","translation":"But when it was the third watch of the night, and the stars had moved past,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρίχα","lemma":"τρίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"the third part","note":"τρίχα νυκτός, 'in three parts of the night' — the third watch, a Homeric time formula."},{"surface":"νυκτὸς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τρίχα","gloss":"of the night"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄστρα","lemma":"ἄστρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"had moved","note":"pluperfect βεβήκει: the stars had already advanced past their zenith, marking deep night."}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b14-l484","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδων ἐγγὺς ἐόντα","translation":"then I spoke to Odysseus, who was close beside me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδων","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδων","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"epic accusative Ὀδυσῆα, contracted form of the hero's name."},{"surface":"προσηύδων","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b14-l485","source":"ἀγκῶνι νύξας· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐμμαπέως ὑπάκουσε·","translation":"nudging him with my elbow; and he at once gave ear:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγκῶνι","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νύξας","gloss":"with my elbow"},{"surface":"νύξας","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"nudging","note":"aorist participle νύξας: a quick, single poking gesture, distinct from the ongoing sleeping scene."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπάκουσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐμμαπέως","lemma":"ἐμμαπέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπάκουσε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ὑπάκουσε","lemma":"ὑπακούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave ear"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b14-l486","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,","translation":"'Zeus-born son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l486.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","title":"Full address-formula in the vocative","body":"This whole line is the standard vocative formula used to hail Odysseus. Every name and epithet is in the vocative case of direct address."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαερτιάδη","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"vocative epithet διογενές, a formulaic address for heroes descended in honor from Zeus."},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολυμήχαν(ε) 'of many devices,' Odysseus's signature Homeric epithet."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b14-l487","source":"οὔ τοι ἔτι ζωοῖσι μετέσσομαι, ἀλλά με χεῖμα","translation":"I shall no longer be among the living, for the winter cold","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέσσομαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζωοῖσι","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετέσσομαι","gloss":"among the living"},{"surface":"μετέσσομαι","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be","note":"μετέσσομαι, future of μέτειμι 'be among,' vividly expressing fear of imminent death."},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμναται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χεῖμα","lemma":"χεῖμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δάμναται","gloss":"the winter cold"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b14-l488","source":"δάμναται· οὐ γὰρ ἔχω χλαῖναν· παρά μʼ ἤπαφε δαίμων","translation":"is killing me; for I have no cloak. Some god beguiled me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l488.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμων","title":"daimon — a god's hand","body":"The speaker blames an unnamed divine power for his oversight, a typical Homeric way of attributing misfortune or impulse to a daimon."}],"words":[{"surface":"δάμναται","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is killing"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχω","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"aside","note":"παρά used adverbially with ἤπαφε in a tmesis-like sense, 'beguiled aside/astray.'"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμεναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἤπαφε","lemma":"ἀπαφίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beguiled"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤπαφε","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b14-l489","source":"οἰοχίτωνʼ ἔμεναι· νῦν δʼ οὐκέτι φυκτὰ πέλονται.","translation":"into coming with only my tunic; and now there is no escape.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰοχίτων","lemma":"οἰοχίτων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tunic-only","note":"οἰοχίτων, a rare compound noun used predicatively (accusative, agreeing with the implied subject of ἔμεναι), 'clad in tunic alone,' stressing his lack of a cloak."},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἤπαφε","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλονται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλονται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φυκτὰ","lemma":"φυκτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"escapable"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b14-l490","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα νόον σχέθε τόνδʼ ἐνὶ\n                     θυμῷ,","translation":"So I spoke, and he then formed this plan in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόον","title":"noos — a plan","body":"noos here means the device or scheme Odysseus conceives. The line praises his unmatched skill at both planning and fighting."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σχέθε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχέθε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σχέθε","gloss":"a plan"},{"surface":"σχέθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"formed","note":"σχέθε, aorist of ἔχω 'held/formed' — a common epic sense of ἔχω meaning 'conceive (a plan).'"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his heart"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b14-l491","source":"οἷος κεῖνος ἔην βουλευέμεν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι·","translation":"such was that man at devising counsel and at fighting;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to σχέθε","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"βουλευέμεν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"at devising counsel","note":"epexegetic infinitive after οἷος, explaining in what respect he 'was such.'"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"at fighting"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b14-l492","source":"φθεγξάμενος δʼ ὀλίγῃ ὀπί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"and speaking with a low voice he said to me:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθεγξάμενος","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλίγῃ","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀπί","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"ὀπί","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b14-l493","source":"σίγα νῦν, μή τίς σευ Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἀκούσῃ.","translation":"'Be quiet now, lest some other of the Achaeans hear you.'","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή τίς...ἀκούσῃ","title":"Negative purpose clause","body":"The clause with mê plus the subjunctive expresses fear or purpose: 'lest someone hear.' This is the standard Greek construction after a command of caution."}],"words":[{"surface":"σίγα","lemma":"σιγάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be quiet","note":"σίγα, present imperative of σιγάω, a blunt one-word command opening direct speech."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σίγα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"should hear"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b14-l494","source":"ἦ καὶ ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος κεφαλὴν σχέθεν εἶπέ τε\n                     μῦθον·","translation":"He spoke, and raised his head on his elbow, and said his word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ from ἠμί, an archaic defective verb used almost only in this formulaic 'he/she said' phrase."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀγκῶνος","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"his elbow"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχέθεν","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"σχέθεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b14-l495","source":"κλῦτε, φίλοι· θεῖός μοι ἐνύπνιον ἦλθεν ὄνειρος.","translation":"'Hear me, friends: a divine dream came to me in my sleep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κλῦτε, aorist imperative of κλύω, the standard Homeric opening for addressing an assembly."},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"θεῖός","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνειρος","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐνύπνιον","lemma":"ἐνύπνιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"in sleep"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὄνειρος","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"a dream"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b14-l496","source":"λίην γὰρ νηῶν ἑκὰς ἤλθομεν· ἀλλά τις εἴη","translation":"We have come too far from the ships; let someone go","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too far"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἤλθομεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have come"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be","note":"optative εἴη expressing a wish/exhortation, 'would that someone be (there) to tell...'"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b14-l497","source":"εἰπεῖν Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι, ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"to tell Agamemnon son of Atreus, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l497.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιμένι λαῶν","title":"Epithet 'shepherd of the people'","body":"A formulaic epithet for kings, here for Agamemnon, in the dative agreeing with him. It casts the leader as guardian of his army."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"shepherd","note":"ποιμένι λαῶν 'shepherd of the people,' a stock Homeric epithet for kings/commanders."},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b14-l498","source":"εἰ πλέονας παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐποτρύνειε νέεσθαι.","translation":"whether he might urge more men to come up from the ships.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"πλέονας","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject of ἐποτρύνειε","gloss":"more men"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ναῦφιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"the ships","note":"ναῦφιν, archaic instrumental/ablatival ending -φιν used for 'ships' instead of a regular case form."},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνειε","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"might urge"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνειε","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b14-l499","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα Θόας, Ἀνδραίμονος\n                     υἱός,","translation":"So he spoke, and then Thoas son of Andraemon sprang up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up","note":"ὦρτο, aorist middle of ὄρνυμι, vividly marking Thoas's sudden rising to volunteer."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Θόας","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"Ἀνδραίμονος","lemma":"Ἀνδραίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"son of Andraemon"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b14-l500","source":"καρπαλίμως, ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν θέτο φοινικόεσσαν,","translation":"quickly, and threw off his crimson cloak,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw off","note":"ἀπὸ...θέτο in tmesis, 'set aside/off' — a split compound verb typical of epic diction."},{"surface":"φοινικόεσσαν","lemma":"φοινικόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαῖναν","gloss":"crimson"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b14-l501","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν ἐπὶ νῆας· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐνὶ εἵματι κείνου","translation":"and set off running to the ships; and I in his garment","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set off","note":"βῆ θέειν, 'went to run,' a common Homeric periphrasis for 'set off running.'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κείμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἵματι","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"garment"},{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies εἵματι","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b14-l502","source":"κείμην ἀσπασίως, φάε δὲ χρυσόθρονος Ἠώς.","translation":"lay gladly, and golden-throned Dawn appeared.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l502.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χρυσόθρονος Ἠώς","title":"Epithet 'golden-throned Dawn'","body":"A recurring formulaic epithet for Dawn (Eos). Homer marks the coming of day with such fixed epithet-phrases."}],"words":[{"surface":"κείμην","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay","note":"κείμην, imperfect of κεῖμαι: within the embedded tale, the narrator (Odysseus's unnamed companion in the story, not Eumaeus) describes himself lying comfortably in Thoas's borrowed cloak."},{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείμην","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"φάε","lemma":"φάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόθρονος","lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"golden-throned","note":"χρυσόθρονος, a fixed Homeric epithet of Dawn (Ἠώς)."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάε","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b14-l503","source":"ὣς νῦν ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη·","translation":"Would that I were young again, and my strength were firm:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἡβώοιμι","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would I be young","note":"optative of wish ἡβώοιμι, 'would that I were young' — a classic unattainable-wish construction."},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b14-l504","source":"δοίη κέν τις χλαῖναν ἐνὶ σταθμοῖσι συφορβῶν,","translation":"then someone in the swineherds' steadings would give me a cloak,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give","note":"potential optative δοίη with κέν, 'someone would give' — expressing what would happen if he were young."},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δοίη","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"a cloak"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖσι","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"the steadings"},{"surface":"συφορβῶν","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of swineherds"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b14-l505","source":"ἀμφότερον, φιλότητι καὶ αἰδοῖ φωτὸς ἑῆος·","translation":"for both reasons — out of friendship and respect for a worthy man;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l505.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδοῖ","title":"aidôs — respect","body":"aidôs is the sense of honor and respect owed to others. Here Odysseus hints that a brave man deserves such regard, angling for a cloak."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφότερον","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for both reasons","note":"ἀμφότερον used adverbially, 'for both' — introducing the two motives given afterward."},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"out of friendship"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"out of respect"},{"surface":"φωτὸς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰδοῖ","gloss":"for a man"},{"surface":"ἑῆος","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies φωτὸς","gloss":"worthy","note":"ἑῆος, epic genitive of ἐύς 'good/noble,' modifying φωτός 'man.'"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b14-l506","source":"νῦν δέ μʼ ἀτιμάζουσι κακὰ χροῒ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα.","translation":"but as it is they slight me, since I wear poor rags on my body.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζουσι","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they slight","note":"ἀτιμάζω 'dishonor'; base word for τιμή, honor-price."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"on my body","note":"χρώς 'skin/body'; dative of place, 'on the skin'."},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wearing"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b14-l507","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"And you answered him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"πρόσφημι, epic verb 'spoke to'; formulaic line introducing a character's reply, not ending one."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd","note":"'Εὔμαιε συβῶτα' is a recurring Homeric address formula for the swineherd."}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b14-l508","source":"ὦ γέρον, αἶνος μέν τοι ἀμύμων, ὃν κατέλεξας,","translation":"\"Old man, the tale you have told is faultless,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l508.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἶνος","title":"ainos — a pointed tale","body":"An ainos is a story told with a hidden purpose or moral. Eumaeus sees through to the request behind the story and good-naturedly grants it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"αἶνος","lemma":"αἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"tale","note":"αἶνος: a 'tale' with a moral point, not just a story."},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies αἶνος","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"faultless"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέλεξας","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κατέλεξας","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἶνος","gloss":"you told"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b14-l509","source":"οὐδέ τί πω παρὰ μοῖραν ἔπος νηκερδὲς ἔειπες·","translation":"nor have you yet spoken any word amiss or without point;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"due measure","note":"παρὰ μοῖραν 'beyond one's due share' = 'amiss', an idiom of fitting speech."},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"νηκερδὲς","lemma":"νηκερδής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"pointless"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b14-l510","source":"τῷ οὔτʼ ἐσθῆτος δευήσεαι οὔτε τευ ἄλλου,","translation":"so you shall lack neither clothing nor anything else","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δευήσεαι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐσθῆτος","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"δευήσεαι","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall lack"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b14-l511","source":"ὧν ἐπέοιχʼ ἱκέτην ταλαπείριον ἀντιάσαντα,","translation":"that befits a sore-tried suppliant who has come to meet us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέοιχ᾽","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἐπέοιχ","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τευ","gloss":"befits","note":"ἐπέοικε, perfect with present sense: 'it is fitting'."},{"surface":"ἱκέτην","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέοιχ᾽","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"ταλαπείριον","lemma":"ταλαπείριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱκέτην","gloss":"sore-tried"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσαντα","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having met"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b14-l512","source":"νῦν· ἀτὰρ ἠῶθέν γε τὰ σὰ ῥάκεα δνοπαλίξεις.","translation":"for now; but in the morning you will have to shake out your own rags again.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δευήσεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἠῶθέν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δνοπαλίξεις","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ῥάκεα","gloss":"your (the)"},{"surface":"σὰ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥάκεα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ῥάκεα","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δνοπαλίξεις","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"δνοπαλίξεις","lemma":"δνοπαλίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you'll shake out","note":"δνοπαλίζω, rare/vivid epic verb: 'toss about, shake out'."}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b14-l513","source":"οὐ γὰρ πολλαὶ χλαῖναι ἐπημοιβοί τε χιτῶνες","translation":"For there are not many cloaks or changes of tunics","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολλαὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαῖναι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"χλαῖναι","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"ἐπημοιβοί","lemma":"ἐπημοιβός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνες","gloss":"spare","note":"ἐπημοιβός 'changeable, spare' — describes extra tunics for changing."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνες","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b14-l514","source":"ἐνθάδε ἕννυσθαι, μία δʼ οἴη φωτὶ ἑκάστῳ.","translation":"to put on here, but only a single one for each man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἕννυσθαι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to wear","note":"ἕννυμι mid. 'clothe oneself'; middle infinitive here, 'to put on'."},{"surface":"μία","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μία","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b14-l515","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσιν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός,","translation":"But when the dear son of Odysseus comes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃσιν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"comes","note":"aorist subjunctive after ἐπήν, marking a future-vivid condition, 'whenever he comes'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃσιν","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b14-l516","source":"αὐτός τοι χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα δώσει,","translation":"he himself will give you a cloak and a tunic to wear,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b14-l517","source":"πέμψει δʼ ὅππῃ σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει.","translation":"and will send you wherever your heart and spirit bid.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψει","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅππῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of πέμψει","gloss":"bids","note":"κραδίη θυμός τε: 'heart and spirit' paired as the seat of will, a Homeric doublet."}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b14-l518","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνόρουσε, τίθει δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυρὸς ἐγγὺς","translation":"So speaking he sprang up and set a bed for him near the fire,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sprang up"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"of the fire"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b14-l519","source":"εὐνήν, ἐν δʼ ὀΐων τε καὶ αἰγῶν δέρματʼ ἔβαλλεν.","translation":"and threw over it the skins of sheep and goats.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνήν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"a bed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and (on it)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀΐων","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of sheep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"δέρματ","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔβαλλεν","gloss":"skins"},{"surface":"ἔβαλλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw","note":"ἐν... ἔβαλλεν: tmesis, preposition ἐν separated from βάλλω, 'threw in/on'."}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b14-l520","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς κατέλεκτʼ· ἐπὶ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλεν αὐτῷ","translation":"There Odysseus lay down; and over him he cast a cloak,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέλεκτ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέλεκτ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κατέλεκτ","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down","note":"aorist passive of καταλέγω used intransitively/reflexively: 'lay himself down'."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"on him"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b14-l521","source":"πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην, ἥ οἱ παρεκέσκετʼ ἀμοιβάς,","translation":"thick and large, which lay by him as a spare,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνὴν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παρεκέσκετ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρεκέσκετ᾽","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"παρεκέσκετ","lemma":"παράκειμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χλαῖναν","gloss":"lay ready","note":"παράκειμαι 'lie beside/ready', iterative imperfect (-σκ-) marks a habitual spare cloak."},{"surface":"ἀμοιβάς","lemma":"ἀμοιβάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a spare"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b14-l522","source":"ἕννυσθαι ὅτε τις χειμὼν ἔκπαγλος ὄροιτο.","translation":"to put on whenever a terrible storm should arise.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕννυσθαι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to παρεκέσκετ᾽","gloss":"to put on"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειμὼν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"χειμὼν","lemma":"χειμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄροιτο","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλος","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ὄροιτο","lemma":"ὄρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"should arise","note":"optative in a general/iterative clause after ὅτε: 'whenever a storm arose'."}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b14-l523","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς κοιμήσατο, τοὶ δὲ παρʼ\n                  αὐτὸν","translation":"So there Odysseus slept, and beside him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand","note":"ὁ μέν ... τοὶ δέ: classic Homeric balancing construction, 'he... while they...'."},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσατο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κοιμήσατο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κοιμήσατο","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"the (men)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b14-l524","source":"ἄνδρες κοιμήσαντο νεηνίαι· οὐδὲ συβώτῃ","translation":"the young men slept; but it did not please the swineherd","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κοιμήσαντο","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"νεηνίαι","lemma":"νεανίης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"συβώτῃ","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανεν","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b14-l525","source":"ἥνδανεν αὐτόθι κοῖτος, ὑῶν ἄπο κοιμηθῆναι,","translation":"to make his bed there, sleeping away from his swine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥνδανεν","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pleasing","note":"ἁνδάνω 'please'; the word itself is positive ('was pleasing') — the negation ('did not please') comes from οὐδέ in the previous line, not from this verb."},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κοῖτος","lemma":"κοῖτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a bed"},{"surface":"ὑῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"from his swine"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"κοιμηθῆναι","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"to sleep"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b14-l526","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἔξω ἰὼν ὡπλίζετο· χαῖρε δʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"but he went outside and armed himself; and Odysseus rejoiced","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὡπλίζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔξω","lemma":"ἔξω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰὼν","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίζετο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ὡπλίζετο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed himself","note":"ὁπλίζω middle: 'equipped himself', ordinary word used of arming for the night watch."},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b14-l527","source":"ὅττι ῥά οἱ βιότου περικήδετο νόσφιν ἐόντος.","translation":"that he cared so much for his master's livelihood while he was away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l527.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βιότου","title":"biotos — livelihood, property","body":"biotos means both 'life' and the means of life — here Odysseus' estate. Eumaeus' care for it, even in his master's absence, gladdens the disguised king."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περικήδετο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"βιότου","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περικήδετο","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"περικήδετο","lemma":"περικήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττι","gloss":"cared for","note":"περικήδομαι 'be greatly concerned about', intensive περι- prefix stresses depth of loyalty."},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies βιότου","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b14-l528","source":"πρῶτον μὲν ξίφος ὀξὺ περὶ στιβαροῖς βάλετʼ ὤμοις,","translation":"First he slung a sharp sword about his sturdy shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βάλετ᾽","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλετ᾽","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στιβαροῖς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤμοις","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"βάλετ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he slung"},{"surface":"ὤμοις","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b14-l529","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ χλαῖναν ἑέσσατʼ ἀλεξάνεμον, μάλα πυκνήν,","translation":"and wrapped around himself a thick cloak to keep off the wind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑέσσατ᾽","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἑέσσατ","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrapped himself in"},{"surface":"ἀλεξάνεμον","lemma":"ἀλεξάνεμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"wind-blocking","note":"ἀλεξάνεμος, compound epithet 'defending against wind' — vivid epic coinage for a herdsman's cloak."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πυκνήν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b14-l530","source":"ἂν δὲ νάκην ἕλετʼ αἰγὸς ἐϋτρεφέος μεγάλοιο,","translation":"and took up the fleece of a great well-fed goat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νάκην","lemma":"νάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλετ᾽","gloss":"fleece"},{"surface":"ἕλετ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"ἀνά ... ἕλετ᾽: tmesis, 'took up' split across the line."},{"surface":"αἰγὸς","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νάκην","gloss":"of a goat"},{"surface":"ἐϋτρεφέος","lemma":"εὐτρεφής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγὸς","gloss":"well-fed"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγὸς","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b14-l531","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα, κυνῶν ἀλκτῆρα καὶ ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"and chose a sharp javelin, a defense against dogs and men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοντα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἄκοντα","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"κυνῶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of dogs"},{"surface":"ἀλκτῆρα","lemma":"ἀλκτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"defense","note":"ἀλκτήρ 'defender/protection against', rare agent noun governing two genitives (dogs, men)."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b14-l532","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεναι κείων ὅθι περ σύες ἀργιόδοντες","translation":"Then he went off to lie down where the white-tusked swine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l532.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀργιόδοντες","title":"Epithet 'white-tusked'","body":"A formulaic epithet for swine, literally 'with gleaming teeth.' Such fixed adjectives attach even to the herd animals of the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"κείων","lemma":"κείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"meaning to lie down","note":"κείων, desiderative-flavored participle 'intending to lie down', from κεῖμαι stem."},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗδον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σύες","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὗδον","gloss":"swine"},{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντες","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σύες","gloss":"white-tusked","note":"ἀργιόδους, standing Homeric epithet for boars/swine, 'white-tusked'."}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b14-l533","source":"πέτρῃ ὕπο γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπʼ ἰωγῇ.","translation":"slept under a hollow rock, sheltered from the North Wind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b14-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτρῃ","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"a rock"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρῃ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to κείων","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"Βορέω","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰωγῇ","gloss":"of the North Wind"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"sheltered from"},{"surface":"ἰωγῇ","lemma":"ἰωγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"the lee"}]}]}