{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":16,"id":"book-16","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας π","translated":"Book 16 — Father and Son: Odysseus Reveals Himself to Telemachus"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"Telemachus reaches the hut. Athena restores Odysseus to his own shape, and father and son meet after twenty years. They plan the suitors' deaths.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16","lines":480},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b16-l1","source":"τὼ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐν κλισίῃ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ δῖος ὑφορβὸς","translation":"Now the two of them, Odysseus and the noble swineherd, in the hut","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ","title":"Dual subject","body":"τὼ is the dual form, marking exactly two: Odysseus and the swineherd together. Homer often uses the dual for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the two","note":"Dual number: exactly two people (Odysseus + swineherd), a form English lost."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβὸς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος 'noble/divine' is a stock Homeric epithet for heroes, formulaic filler for the meter."},{"surface":"ὑφορβὸς","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b16-l2","source":"ἐντύνοντο ἄριστον ἅμʼ ἠοῖ, κηαμένω πῦρ,","translation":"were making ready their breakfast at daybreak, having kindled a fire,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντύνοντο","lemma":"ἐντύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were preparing"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐντύνοντο","gloss":"breakfast"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"κηαμένω","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐντύνοντο","gloss":"having kindled","note":"Dual participle κηαμένω agrees with the dual pair τὼ from l1 — both men kindled the fire together."},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κηαμένω","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b16-l3","source":"ἔκπεμψάν τε νομῆας ἅμʼ ἀγρομένοισι σύεσσι·","translation":"and they sent out the herdsmen with the gathered swine;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκπεμψάν","lemma":"ἐκπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent out"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομῆας","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεμψάν","gloss":"herdsmen"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀγρομένοισι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies σύεσσι","gloss":"gathered","note":"ἀγρομένοισι, from ἀγείρω 'gather' — pigs that had been rounded up, not the herdsmen."},{"surface":"σύεσσι","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"swine"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b16-l4","source":"Τηλέμαχον δὲ περίσσαινον κύνες ὑλακόμωροι,","translation":"but the loud-baying dogs fawned around Telemachus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περίσσαινον","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"περίσσαινον","lemma":"περισαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fawned around"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περίσσαινον","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ὑλακόμωροι","lemma":"ὑλακόμωρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"loud-baying","note":"ὑλακόμωροι, a vivid compound epithet ('doom of barking') used ironically since here they don't bark."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b16-l5","source":"οὐδʼ ὕλαον προσιόντα. νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and did not bark at him as he came up. And noble Odysseus noticed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλαον","lemma":"ὑλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"barked"},{"surface":"προσιόντα","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b16-l6","source":"σαίνοντάς τε κύνας, περί τε κτύπος ἦλθε ποδοῖϊν.","translation":"the dogs fawning, and the sound of footsteps came to him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σαίνοντάς","lemma":"σαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fawning","note":"Present participle: the dogs' fawning is simultaneous with what Odysseus perceives (νόησε)."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νόησε","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"περί","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτύπος","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ποδοῖϊν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of κτύπος","gloss":"of feet","note":"Genitive dual ποδοῖϊν — 'of two feet,' i.e. footsteps, another dual form."}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b16-l7","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Εὔμαιον ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"At once he spoke winged words to Eumaeus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιον","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words' is one of Homer's most famous recurring formulas introducing speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b16-l8","source":"Εὔμαιʼ, ἦ μάλα τίς τοι ἐλεύσεται ἐνθάδʼ\n                     ἑταῖρος","translation":"\"Eumaeus, surely some companion of yours is coming here,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμαι","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b16-l9","source":"ἢ καὶ γνώριμος ἄλλος, ἐπεὶ κύνες οὐχ ὑλάουσιν,","translation":"or someone else you know, since the dogs are not barking","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γνώριμος","lemma":"γνώριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γνώριμος","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑλάουσιν","lemma":"ὑλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"are barking"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b16-l10","source":"ἀλλὰ περισσαίνουσι· ποδῶν δʼ ὑπὸ δοῦπον ἀκούω.","translation":"but fawning around him; and I hear the thud of footsteps.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"περισσαίνουσι","lemma":"περισαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"fawn around","note":"περισσαίνουσι doubles the σ for meter (epic gemination), same verb as l4's περίσσαινον."},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δοῦπον","gloss":"of feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ὑπὸ here is a tmesis prefix joined to ἀκούω, forming ὑπακούω 'hearken to' — an intensifying particle, not the preposition 'from' or 'under' governing an object."},{"surface":"δοῦπον","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούω","gloss":"thud"},{"surface":"ἀκούω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I hear"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b16-l11","source":"οὔ πω πᾶν εἴρητο ἔπος, ὅτε οἱ φίλος υἱὸς","translation":"The word was not yet fully spoken when his own dear son","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"εἴρητο","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been spoken","note":"Pluperfect εἴρητο: the speech was already/still not fully finished when the interruption came — vivid narrative timing."},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴρητο","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b16-l12","source":"ἔστη ἐνὶ προθύροισι. ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσε συβώτης,","translation":"stood in the doorway. The swineherd sprang up in amazement,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προθύροισι","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"ταφὼν","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"amazed","note":"ταφὼν from τέθηπα, a perfect stem meaning 'be astounded' — captures Eumaeus's shock at Telemachus's sudden appearance."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b16-l13","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄρα οἱ χειρῶν πέσον ἄγγεα, τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο,","translation":"and from his hands the vessels fell with which he was busy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἄγγεα","lemma":"ἄγγος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"vessels"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπονεῖτο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄγγεα","gloss":"he was busy with","note":"ἐπονεῖτο ('was working at') vividly shows Eumaeus mid-task, dropping the wine vessels in shock."}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b16-l14","source":"κιρνὰς αἴθοπα οἶνον. ὁ δʼ ἀντίος ἦλθεν ἄνακτος,","translation":"mixing the gleaming wine. He went to meet his master,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κιρνὰς","lemma":"κιρνάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"mixing","note":"Greeks diluted wine with water; κιρνάς names that specific act, not just 'pouring.'"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιρνὰς","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀντίος","gloss":"of his master"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b16-l15","source":"κύσσε δέ μιν κεφαλήν τε καὶ ἄμφω φάεα καλὰ","translation":"and kissed his head and both his beautiful eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύσσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κύσσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both","note":"ἄμφω is dual, matching the pair of eyes — Greek marks 'two' grammatically where English just says 'both.'"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάεα","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φάεα","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάεα","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b16-l16","source":"χεῖράς τʼ ἀμφοτέρας· θαλερὸν δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε δάκρυ.","translation":"and both his hands, and a swelling tear fell from him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖράς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρας","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖράς","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"θαλερὸν","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυ","gloss":"swelling"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"tear"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b16-l17","source":"ὡς δὲ πατὴρ ὃν παῖδα φίλα φρονέων ἀγαπάζῃ","translation":"As a father lovingly welcomes his own son","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀγαπάζῃ","title":"Subjunctive in simile","body":"The verb is subjunctive, marking the generic 'whenever' of an extended Homeric simile that describes a typical, repeated situation."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀγαπάζῃ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγαπάζῃ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"his own","note":"ὃν is the epic possessive reflexive 'his own' (=ἑόν), stressing the father-son bond in this famous simile."},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγαπάζῃ","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"lovingly"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγαπάζῃ","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"ἀγαπάζῃ","lemma":"ἀγαπάζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὣς","gloss":"welcomes"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b16-l18","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης δεκάτῳ ἐνιαυτῷ,","translation":"come home from a far country in the tenth year,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀπίης","lemma":"ἄπιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"far-off"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"δεκάτῳ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτῷ","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτῷ","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντ᾽","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b16-l19","source":"μοῦνον τηλύγετον, τῷ ἔπʼ ἄλγεα πολλὰ μογήσῃ,","translation":"an only son, late-born, for whom he has suffered many sorrows,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"τηλύγετον","lemma":"τηλύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"late-born","note":"τηλύγετον, a rare epic adjective for a cherished only/late child — emotionally loaded epithet in this simile."},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπ᾽","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"ἔπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μογήσῃ","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μογήσῃ","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"has suffered"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b16-l20","source":"ὣς τότε Τηλέμαχον θεοειδέα δῖος ὑφορβὸς","translation":"so then the noble swineherd kissed godlike Telemachus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κύσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κύσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κύσεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδέα","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχον","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοειδέα, a formulaic heroic epithet ('god-formed') applied repeatedly to various Homeric heroes; it is not unique to this scene and is not tied to any 'coming of age' motif."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβὸς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβὸς","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κύσεν","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b16-l21","source":"πάντα κύσεν περιφύς, ὡς ἐκ θανάτοιο φυγόντα·","translation":"all over, clinging to him, as one escaped from death;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιφύς","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"κύσεν","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"περιφύς","lemma":"περιφύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κύσεν","gloss":"clinging","note":"περιφύς, literally 'having grown around' — a physically intense verb for clinging embrace."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φυγόντα","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"escaped"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b16-l22","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and weeping he spoke winged words to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b16-l23","source":"ἦλθες, Τηλέμαχε, γλυκερὸν φάος. οὔ σʼ ἔτʼ ἐγώ\n                     γε","translation":"\"You have come, Telemachus, sweet light. I no longer","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλυκερὸν φάος","title":"Sweet light","body":"An affectionate metaphor: the returning Telemachus is the 'sweet light' of Eumaeus' eyes, his joy and his life."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχε","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"γλυκερὸν","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"light","note":"φάος 'light' as a metaphor for a beloved person appearing — 'sweet light' calls Telemachus a joy restored."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφάμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b16-l24","source":"ὄψεσθαι ἐφάμην, ἐπεὶ ᾤχεο νηῒ Πύλονδε.","translation":"thought I would see you, once you had sailed to Pylos.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεσθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"to see","note":"Future infinitive ὄψεσθαι after ἐφάμην expresses what he thought would happen — 'I thought I would (never) see you.'"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ᾤχεο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you had gone"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾤχεο","gloss":"by ship"},{"surface":"Πύλονδε","lemma":"Πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχεο","gloss":"to Pylos"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b16-l25","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν εἴσελθε, φίλον τέκος, ὄφρα σε θυμῷ","translation":"But come now, enter, dear child, so that in my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσελθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"εἴσελθε","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἰσορόων","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τέρψομαι","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b16-l26","source":"τέρψομαι εἰσορόων νέον ἄλλοθεν ἔνδον ἐόντα.","translation":"I may take joy in looking at you, just come home from abroad.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρψομαι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may delight"},{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρψομαι","gloss":"gazing at"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"from elsewhere"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b16-l27","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τι θάμʼ ἀγρὸν ἐπέρχεαι οὐδὲ νομῆας,","translation":"For you do not often visit the farm and the herdsmen,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέρχεαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θάμ","lemma":"θαμά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέρχεαι","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"ἀγρὸν","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρχεαι","gloss":"farm"},{"surface":"ἐπέρχεαι","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you visit"},{"surface":"νομῆας","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b16-l28","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπιδημεύεις· ὣς γάρ νύ τοι εὔαδε θυμῷ,","translation":"but stay in town; so it has pleased your heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπιδημεύεις","lemma":"ἐπιδημεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you stay in town"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"εὔαδε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has pleased","note":"ἁνδάνω 'to please' takes the dative θυμῷ; τοι agrees with θυμῷ ('to you, in your heart') rather than serving as a separate dative object — together they render 'it has pleased your heart.'"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔαδε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b16-l29","source":"ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων ἐσορᾶν ἀΐδηλον ὅμιλον.","translation":"to keep watch on the ruinous crowd of the suitors.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of suitors"},{"surface":"ἐσορᾶν","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of εὔαδε","gloss":"to watch"},{"surface":"ἀΐδηλον","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"ruinous","note":"ἀίδηλος 'destructive' underscores how menacing the suitors' throng seems."},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσορᾶν","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b16-l30","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l30.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"Perfect participle as epithet","body":"πεπνυμένος ('wise, prudent') is a perfect participle that functions as Telemachus' standing epithet throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect passive of πέπνυμαι 'be prudent', is Telemachus' recurring epic epithet."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ηὔδα, imperfect of αὐδάω, is the formulaic verb introducing a Homeric speech (paired with ἀντίον, 'in reply'), not closing one — the speech itself follows in the next lines."}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b16-l31","source":"ἔσσεται οὕτως, ἄττα· σέθεν δʼ ἕνεκʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνω,","translation":"\"So it shall be, old friend; but it is for your sake I have come here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄττα","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old friend","note":"ἄττα is an affectionate vocative for an old man, addressed here to Eumaeus."},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b16-l32","source":"ὄφρα σέ τʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδω καὶ μῦθον ἀκούσω,","translation":"so that I may see you with my own eyes and hear your word,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἴδω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδω","gloss":"with (my) eyes"},{"surface":"ἴδω","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I may see","note":"ἴδω, aorist subjunctive of εἶδον, gives purpose sense 'so that I may see.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I may hear"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b16-l33","source":"ἤ μοι ἔτʼ ἐν μεγάροις μήτηρ μένει, ἦέ τις ἤδη","translation":"whether my mother still waits in the halls, or whether by now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦέ","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔγημεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγημεν","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b16-l34","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἄλλος ἔγημεν, Ὀδυσσῆος δέ που εὐνὴ","translation":"some other man has married her, and Odysseus' bed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἔγημεν","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"has married","note":"ἔγημεν, aorist of γαμέω, voices Telemachus' fear that Penelope has remarried."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εὐνὴ","gloss":"Odysseus'"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"εὐνὴ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b16-l35","source":"χήτει ἐνευναίων κάκʼ ἀράχνια κεῖται ἔχουσα.","translation":"for want of sleepers lies covered with foul cobwebs.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χήτει","lemma":"χῆτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσα","gloss":"for want"},{"surface":"ἐνευναίων","lemma":"ἐνεύναιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χήτει","gloss":"of sleepers"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀράχνια","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"ἀράχνια","lemma":"ἀράχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσα","gloss":"cobwebs","note":"ἀράχνια 'cobwebs' vividly pictures the marriage bed unused and neglected."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"having (covered)"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b16-l36","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"Then the swineherd, leader of men, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader","note":"ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν 'leader of men' is a stock honorific formula applied here to Eumaeus."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b16-l37","source":"καὶ λίην κείνη γε μένει τετληότι θυμῷ","translation":"\"Indeed she still waits, with an enduring heart,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"κείνη","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"τετληότι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"enduring","note":"τετληότι, perfect participle of τλάω 'endure,' paints Penelope's patient suffering heart."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b16-l38","source":"σοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν· ὀϊζυραὶ δέ οἱ αἰεὶ","translation":"in your halls; but always her wretched","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοῖσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὀϊζυραὶ","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φθίνουσιν","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθίνουσιν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b16-l39","source":"φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χεούσῃ.","translation":"nights and days waste away as she sheds tears.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθίνουσιν","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"νύκτες","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεούσῃ","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χεούσῃ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"shedding","note":"χεούσῃ, present participle of χέω 'pour,' pictures Penelope continually weeping."}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b16-l40","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας οἱ ἐδέξατο χάλκεον ἔγχος·","translation":"So speaking he took from him the bronze spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b16-l41","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ εἴσω ἴεν καὶ ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδόν.","translation":"and Telemachus went inside and crossed the stone threshold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴεν","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβη","lemma":"ὑπερβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"λάϊνον","lemma":"λάινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδόν","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"οὐδόν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρβη","gloss":"threshold","note":"λάϊνον οὐδόν 'stone threshold' is a recurring Homeric formula marking entry into a house."}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b16-l42","source":"τῷ δʼ ἕδρης ἐπιόντι πατὴρ ὑπόειξεν Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"As he came up, his father Odysseus made to yield his seat to him;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπόειξεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕδρης","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπόειξεν","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἐπιόντι","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming up"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὑπόειξεν","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made to yield","note":"ὑπόειξεν 'yielded' shows Odysseus, still disguised, courteously offering his seat to his own son."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b16-l43","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐρήτυε φώνησέν τε·","translation":"but Telemachus stopped him from the other side and spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυε","gloss":"from the other side"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυε","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"restrained"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b16-l44","source":"ἧσʼ, ὦ ξεῖνʼ· ἡμεῖς δὲ καὶ ἄλλοθι δήομεν\n                     ἕδρην","translation":"\"Sit, stranger; we shall find a seat elsewhere","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δήομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθι","lemma":"ἄλλοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δήομεν","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"δήομεν","lemma":"δήω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall find"},{"surface":"ἕδρην","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δήομεν","gloss":"seat"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b16-l45","source":"σταθμῷ ἐν ἡμετέρῳ· πάρα δʼ ἀνὴρ ὃς καταθήσει.","translation":"at our station; and here is a man who will set one out.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταθμῷ","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῳ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταθμῷ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"here is","note":"πάρα is 'anastrophe' — a preposition placed after its noun and accented as if independent, meaning 'is here/at hand.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταθήσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"καταθήσει","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"will set out"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b16-l46","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ αὖτις ἰὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τῷ δὲ\n                  συβώτης.","translation":"So he spoke, and Odysseus went back and sat down; and for Telemachus the swineherd","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b16-l47","source":"χεῦεν ὕπο χλωρὰς ῥῶπας καὶ κῶας ὕπερθεν·","translation":"spread out green brushwood beneath, and a fleece on top;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῦεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χλωρὰς","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥῶπας","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"ῥῶπας","lemma":"ῥώψ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"brushwood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῶας","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"fleece"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on top"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b16-l48","source":"ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἔπειτα Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός.","translation":"and there the dear son of Odysseus sat down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καθέζετ","lemma":"καθέζετο","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Odysseus'"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b16-l49","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ αὖ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκε συβώτης","translation":"Then the swineherd set beside them platters of meat,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέθηκε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies πίνακας","gloss":"of meat"},{"surface":"πίνακας","lemma":"πίναξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκε","gloss":"platters"},{"surface":"παρέθηκε","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set beside"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέθηκε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b16-l50","source":"ὀπταλέων, ἅ ῥα τῇ προτέρῃ ὑπέλειπον ἔδοντες,","translation":"roasted, which they had left from their eating the day before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀπταλέων","lemma":"ὀπταλέος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρειῶν","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέλειπον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies προτέρῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"προτέρῃ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέλειπον","gloss":"day before","note":"τῇ προτέρῃ 'on the previous (day)' with ellipsis of 'day' (ἡμέρᾳ), a common Homeric omission."},{"surface":"ὑπέλειπον","lemma":"ὑπολείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κρειῶν","gloss":"had left"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέλειπον","gloss":"eating"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b16-l51","source":"σῖτον δʼ ἐσσυμένως παρενήνεεν ἐν κανέοισιν,","translation":"and quickly he heaped up bread in baskets,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρενήνεεν","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρενήνεεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"παρενήνεεν","lemma":"παρανηνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped up"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κανέοισιν","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"baskets"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b16-l52","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα κισσυβίῳ κίρνη μελιηδέα οἶνον·","translation":"and in an ivy-wood bowl he mixed the honey-sweet wine;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κισσυβίῳ","lemma":"κισσύβιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ivy-wood bowl","note":"κισσύβιον, a rustic ivy-wood cup, is a mark of Eumaeus' simple herdsman's life."},{"surface":"κίρνη","lemma":"κιρνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κίρνη","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b16-l53","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἀντίον ἷζεν Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.","translation":"and he himself sat down facing godlike Odysseus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἷζεν","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ἷζεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷζεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b16-l54","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"Then they reached out their hands to the good food set ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good food"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"set before them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out","note":"χεῖρας ἴαλλον 'they cast their hands' — a Homeric formula for beginning a meal."}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b16-l55","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(intensifying)"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put away","note":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο 'they let go their desire' is the standard Homeric formula for finishing a meal."}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b16-l56","source":"δὴ τότε Τηλέμαχος προσεφώνεε δῖον ὑφορβόν·","translation":"then indeed Telemachus spoke to the noble swineherd:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβόν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβόν","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b16-l57","source":"ἄττα, πόθεν τοι ξεῖνος ὅδʼ ἵκετο; πῶς δέ ἑ\n                     ναῦται","translation":"\"Old friend, where did this stranger come from? How did sailors","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄττα","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old friend","note":"Affectionate address to an elder, like \"daddy\"; vocative-ish exclamation with elided noun."},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"Aorist middle of ἱκνέομαι, \"arrive\"; common epic verb for reaching a place."},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγον","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ναῦται","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"sailors"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b16-l58","source":"ἤγαγον εἰς Ἰθάκην; τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωντο;","translation":"bring him to Ithaca? Who did they claim to be?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"to be","note":"Epic infinitive ἔμμεναι = εἶναι, \"to be\"; the -μεναι ending is a stock epic infinitive form."},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claimed"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b16-l59","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τί ἑ πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"For I do not think he came here on foot.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀΐομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πεζὸν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think","note":"ὀΐομαι/οἴομαι, \"I suppose/think\" — this is Telemachus speaking (he addressed Eumaeus as ἄττα at l57); the guess that the stranger did not arrive on foot is Telemachus's own, not Eumaeus's, whose reply begins only at l60."},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b16-l60","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then you answered him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l60.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Address to a character","body":"Homer turns to address Eumaeus directly in the second person ('you answered'), a rare apostrophe reserved for a few sympathetic figures."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"προσέφης, 2nd-singular imperfect — Homer's famous narrative apostrophe, where the poet breaks into second person to address Eumaeus himself (\"you spoke\"); it is a mark of special affection for the swineherd, not an address to \"the hero\" Telemachus or Odysseus."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b16-l61","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, τέκνον, ἀληθέα πάντʼ ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"\"Then I will tell you, child, the whole truth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἀληθέα","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"true things"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀληθέα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b16-l62","source":"ἐκ μὲν Κρητάων γένος εὔχεται εὐρειάων,","translation":"He claims his lineage is from broad Crete,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κρητάων","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Crete"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claims","note":"εὔχομαι, \"boast/claim,\" mid-voice — used of proud self-assertion of origin, a stock epic idiom."},{"surface":"εὐρειάων","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρητάων","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b16-l63","source":"φησὶ δὲ πολλὰ βροτῶν ἐπὶ ἄστεα δινηθῆναι","translation":"and he says he has wandered through many cities of mortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φησὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he says"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστεα","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστεα","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"δινηθῆναι","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of φησὶ","gloss":"wandered","note":"Aorist passive infinitive of δινεύω, \"whirl/roam\"; passive form used intransitively for aimless drifting."}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b16-l64","source":"πλαζόμενος· ὣς γάρ οἱ ἐπέκλωσεν τά γε δαίμων.","translation":"drifting on; for so a god spun this fate for him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλαζόμενος","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δινηθῆναι","gloss":"drifting"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέκλωσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέκλωσεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐπέκλωσεν","lemma":"ἐπικλώθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun","note":"ἐπικλώθω, \"spin (fate) for someone\" — the Homeric image of a god as a spinner of destiny, like the Fates."},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέκλωσεν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέκλωσεν","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b16-l65","source":"νῦν αὖ Θεσπρωτῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποδρὰς","translation":"Now, having run off from a ship of the Thesprotian men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Θεσπρωτῶν","lemma":"Θεσπρωτοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Thesprotian"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"ἀποδρὰς","lemma":"ἀποδιδράσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ᾽","gloss":"having fled","note":"ἀποδιδράσκω, \"run away/escape\"; part of the false tale Odysseus tells to explain his arrival."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b16-l66","source":"ἤλυθʼ ἐμὸν πρὸς σταθμόν, ἐγὼ δέ τοι ἐγγυαλίξω·","translation":"he has come to my station; and I hand him over to you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταθμόν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"σταθμόν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίξω","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I hand over","note":"ἐγγυαλίζω, \"place in the hands of, entrust\" — formal verb of transferring a guest into someone's care."}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b16-l67","source":"ἔρξον ὅπως ἐθέλεις· ἱκέτης δέ τοι εὔχεται εἶναι.","translation":"Do as you wish; he claims to be your suppliant.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρξον","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἱκέτης","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"suppliant","note":"ἱκέτης names a formal social role: a suppliant is under the protection of the gods, obligating hospitality."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἱκέτης","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claims"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b16-l68","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle \"having good sense\" — a stock Homeric epithet fixed to Telemachus."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b16-l69","source":"Εὔμαιʼ, ἦ μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος θυμαλγὲς ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Eumaeus, truly you have spoken a word that grieves my heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμαι","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"θυμαλγὲς","lemma":"θυμαλγής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"heart-grieving","note":"θυμαλγής, a compound epithet (\"heart\" + \"pain\") — vivid epic word-formation for emotional distress."},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b16-l70","source":"πῶς γὰρ δὴ τὸν ξεῖνον ἐγὼν ὑποδέξομαι οἴκῳ;","translation":"For how am I to receive this stranger in my house?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὑποδέξομαι","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"receive","note":"Deliberative subjunctive ὑποδέξομαι, \"how am I to receive?\" — expresses Telemachus's uncertainty/anxiety."},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"in my house"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b16-l71","source":"αὐτὸς μὲν νέος εἰμὶ καὶ οὔ πω χερσὶ πέποιθα","translation":"I myself am young, and do not yet trust my hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νέος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"εἰμὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπαμύνασθαι","gloss":"in my hands"},{"surface":"πέποιθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trust","note":"Perfect πέποιθα (from πείθω) with present force, \"I trust/am confident\" — common perfect-as-present verb in Homer."}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b16-l72","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ·","translation":"to fend off a man, whenever someone provokes me first;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαμύνασθαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἀπαμύνασθαι","lemma":"ἀπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of πέποιθα","gloss":"fend off"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"χαλεπήνῃ","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"grows angry"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b16-l73","source":"μητρὶ δʼ ἐμῇ δίχα θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζει,","translation":"and my mother's heart wavers two ways within her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l73.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μερμηρίζει","title":"Present of inner debate","body":"The present tense μερμηρίζει ('ponders, wavers') vividly portrays Penelope's ongoing, unresolved deliberation."}],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"mother's"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῇ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δίχα","lemma":"δίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμηρίζει","gloss":"two ways"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μερμηρίζει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"her mind"},{"surface":"μερμηρίζει","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wavers","note":"μερμηρίζω, \"ponder/be torn between two options\" — captures Penelope's indecision between staying and remarrying."}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b16-l74","source":"ἢ αὐτοῦ παρʼ ἐμοί τε μένῃ καὶ δῶμα κομίζῃ,","translation":"whether to stay here beside me and keep the house,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένῃ","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κομίζῃ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κομίζῃ","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"keep"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b16-l75","source":"εὐνήν τʼ αἰδομένη πόσιος δήμοιό τε φῆμιν,","translation":"honoring her husband's bed and the talk of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνήν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"marriage bed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδομένη","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"honoring","note":"αἰδέομαι, \"feel shame/reverence toward\" — central Homeric value of respecting one's husband's bed."},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εὐνήν","gloss":"husband's"},{"surface":"δήμοιό","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φῆμιν","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φῆμιν","lemma":"φῆμις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"talk"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b16-l76","source":"ἦ ἤδη ἅμʼ ἕπηται Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος","translation":"or whether now to follow whoever is best of the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπηται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἕπηται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"best","note":"ἄριστος, \"best\" — the recurring epic standard by which suitors are ranked (best warrior/wooer)."}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b16-l77","source":"μνᾶται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀνὴρ καὶ πλεῖστα πόρῃσιν.","translation":"who woos her in the halls and offers the most.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνᾶται","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"woos"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλεῖστα","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πόρῃσιν","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"πόρῃσιν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"offers"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b16-l78","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοὶ τὸν ξεῖνον, ἐπεὶ τεὸν ἵκετο δῶμα,","translation":"But as for this stranger, since he has come to your home,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b16-l79","source":"ἕσσω μιν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά,","translation":"I will clothe him in a cloak and tunic, fine garments,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσω","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will clothe","note":"ἕσσω, future of ἕννυμι \"clothe\" — Telemachus's practical hospitality gesture, echoing xenia customs."},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b16-l80","source":"δώσω δὲ ξίφος ἄμφηκες καὶ ποσσὶ πέδιλα,","translation":"and give him a double-edged sword and sandals for his feet,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἄμφηκες","lemma":"ἀμφήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"double-edged"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"for his feet"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b16-l81","source":"πέμψω δʼ ὅππη μιν κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει.","translation":"and send him wherever his heart and spirit bid him go.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will send"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅππη","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύει","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελεύει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"bids","note":"κραδίη ... θυμός τε: two near-synonyms for \"heart/spirit\" paired for epic emphasis, a common Homeric doubling."}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b16-l82","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, σὺ κόμισσον ἐνὶ σταθμοῖσιν ἐρύξας·","translation":"Or if you wish, keep him and tend him here at the station;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κόμισσον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κόμισσον","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖσιν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the station"},{"surface":"ἐρύξας","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κόμισσον","gloss":"detaining"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b16-l83","source":"εἵματα δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἐγὼ πέμψω καὶ σῖτον ἅπαντα","translation":"and I will send clothing here and all the food","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σῖτον","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b16-l84","source":"ἔδμεναι, ὡς ἂν μή σε κατατρύχῃ καὶ ἑταίρους.","translation":"for him to eat, so he does not wear down you and your men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"modifies σῖτον","gloss":"to eat","note":"ἔδμεναι, epic infinitive of ἔδω \"eat\" (cf. English \"eat\"); the -μεναι ending marks it as archaic epic form."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κατατρύχῃ","lemma":"κατατρύχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"wear down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b16-l85","source":"κεῖσε δʼ ἂν οὔ μιν ἐγώ γε μετὰ μνηστῆρας ἐῷμι","translation":"But I would not let him go over there, among the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσε","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"ἄν + optative ἐῷμι forms a potential optative, 'I would not let' — a hypothetical statement, not a wish or a contrary-to-fact condition."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐῷμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἐῷμι","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would let go","note":"present optative ἐῷμι, 'I would let/allow' — potential mood carries the whole wish."}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b16-l86","source":"ἔρχεσθαι· λίην γὰρ ἀτάσθαλον ὕβριν ἔχουσι·","translation":"for they have far too reckless an insolence;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτάσθαλον ὕβριν","title":"Reckless insolence","body":"hubris is the suitors' defining sin: arrogant, lawless violence that the gods punish. ἀτάσθαλος intensifies it as morally blind recklessness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐῷμι","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσι","gloss":"too much"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλον","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕβριν","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"insolence","note":"ὕβρις: outrageous, presumptuous violence against norms — the suitors' defining vice in the poem."},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they have"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b16-l87","source":"μή μιν κερτομέωσιν, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος ἔσσεται αἰνόν.","translation":"they might mock him, and that would be dread grief for me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κερτομέωσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κερτομέωσιν","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"mock","note":"subjunctive after μή expresses a feared purpose: 'lest they mock him'."},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"αἰνόν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"dread"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b16-l88","source":"πρῆξαι δʼ ἀργαλέον τι μετὰ πλεόνεσσιν ἐόντα","translation":"It is hard for a man, even a strong one, to accomplish anything","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῆξαι","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to accomplish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πρῆξαι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσιν","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the more numerous","note":"lemma garbled in source data ('υνκνοων'); sense is clearly πλέονες, 'the more numerous (foes)'."},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b16-l89","source":"ἄνδρα καὶ ἴφθιμον, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσι.","translation":"when he is among a greater number, for they are far stronger.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πρῆξαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἴφθιμον","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much","note":"adverbial accusative πολύ, 'by much' — intensifies φέρτεροι, 'far stronger'."},{"surface":"φέρτεροί","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"they are"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b16-l90","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Epithet formula","body":"'Much-enduring noble Odysseus' is a fixed metrical formula filling the verse-end; epithets like this are a hallmark of oral epic."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας: fixed Homeric epithet of Odysseus, 'of much endurance', recurring formulaic tag."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b16-l91","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπεί θήν μοι καὶ ἀμείψασθαι θέμις ἐστίν,","translation":"\"Friend, since it is surely right for me to answer too,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"vocative φίλε with elided noun (e.g. 'friend'), address formula lacking its head noun."},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θήν","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θέμις","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀμείψασθαι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"to answer"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"right","note":"θέμις: divinely sanctioned custom/right, stronger than mere legality — 'it is right (by sacred custom)'."},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b16-l92","source":"ἦ μάλα μευ καταδάπτετʼ ἀκούοντος φίλον ἦτορ,","translation":"truly my heart is torn within me as I listen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταδάπτετ᾽","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦτορ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καταδάπτετ","lemma":"καταδάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is torn","note":"vivid verb καταδάπτω, 'tear apart/devour' — physical image of grief eating the heart."},{"surface":"ἀκούοντος","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μευ","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καταδάπτετ᾽","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b16-l93","source":"οἷά φατε μνηστῆρας ἀτάσθαλα μηχανάασθαι","translation":"to the reckless deeds you say the suitors are contriving","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀτάσθαλα","gloss":"such things as"},{"surface":"φατε","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καταδάπτετ᾽","gloss":"you say"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μηχανάασθαι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανάασθαι","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"μηχανάασθαι","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φατε","gloss":"contrive"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b16-l94","source":"ἐν μεγάροις, ἀέκητι σέθεν τοιούτου ἐόντος.","translation":"in the halls, against your will, you being such a man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μηχανάασθαι","gloss":"against the will of","note":"ἀέκητι + genitive: 'against the will of', governs σέθεν."},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοιούτου","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b16-l95","source":"εἰπέ μοι ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι, ἦ σέ γε λαοὶ","translation":"Tell me, do you submit willingly, or do the people","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑποδάμνασαι","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"ὑποδάμνασαι","lemma":"ὑποδάμναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"you submit"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐχθαίρουσ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχθαίρουσ᾽","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b16-l96","source":"ἐχθαίρουσʼ ἀνὰ δῆμον, ἐπισπόμενοι θεοῦ ὀμφῇ,","translation":"hate you throughout the land, following the voice of some god?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐχθαίρουσ","lemma":"ἐχθαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενοι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχθαίρουσ᾽","gloss":"following","note":"ἐπισπόμενοι + dative ὀμφῇ: 'following/obeying the voice/utterance of a god'."},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀμφῇ","gloss":"of a god"},{"surface":"ὀμφῇ","lemma":"ὀμφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενοι","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b16-l97","source":"ἦ τι κασιγνήτοις ἐπιμέμφεαι, οἷσί περ ἀνὴρ","translation":"Or do you have some grievance against brothers, in whom a man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμέμφεαι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοις","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιμέμφεαι","gloss":"against brothers"},{"surface":"ἐπιμέμφεαι","lemma":"ἐπιμέμφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"you have a grievance"},{"surface":"οἷσί","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέποιθε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέποιθε","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b16-l98","source":"μαρναμένοισι πέποιθε, καὶ εἰ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρηται.","translation":"trusts when they fight, even if a great quarrel arises?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρναμένοισι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"πέποιθε","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κασιγνήτοις","gloss":"trusts","note":"perfect πέποιθε with present force, 'has come to trust/relies on' — a man's confidence in kin when fighting."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρηται","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ὄρηται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"arises"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b16-l99","source":"αἲ γάρ ἐγὼν οὕτω νέος εἴην τῷδʼ ἐπὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"If only I were as young as I am in spirit now,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γάρ ... εἴην","title":"Optative of wish","body":"αἲ γάρ with the optative εἴην expresses an unattainable wish: 'would that I were.' The optative is Homer's mood for prayers and longings."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only","note":"αἲ γάρ + optative: unattainable wish formula, 'if only I were...'."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴην","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"νέος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b16-l100","source":"ἢ παῖς ἐξ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος ἠὲ καὶ αὐτός·","translation":"either the son of blameless Odysseus, or Odysseus himself!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"παῖς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐξ","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless","note":"ἀμύμων: standard Homeric epithet of praise, 'faultless/blameless', attached formulaically to heroes."},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"he himself"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b16-l102","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπʼ ἐμεῖο κάρη τάμοι ἀλλότριος φώς,","translation":"Then at once let a stranger's hand cut my head from me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμοι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμοι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάμοι","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τάμοι","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would cut","note":"aorist optative τάμοι expresses a wished-for hypothetical: 'let a stranger cut off my head'."},{"surface":"ἀλλότριος","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"a stranger's"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάμοι","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b16-l103","source":"εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ κείνοισι κακὸν πάντεσσι γενοίμην,","translation":"if I did not become a bane to all those men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γενοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κείνοισι","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of γενοίμην","gloss":"to those"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a bane"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κείνοισι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"γενοίμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"would become"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b16-l104","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐς μέγαρον Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"going to the hall of Odysseus, son of Laertes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γενοίμην","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδεω","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"son of Laertes","note":"patronymic Λαερτιάδης, 'son of Laertes' — regular way epic names Odysseus by his father."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέγαρον","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b16-l105","source":"εἰ δʼ αὖ με πληθυῖ δαμασαίατο μοῦνον ἐόντα,","translation":"And even if their numbers overcame me, alone as I am,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμασαίατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πληθυῖ","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δαμασαίατο","gloss":"by numbers"},{"surface":"δαμασαίατο","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"overcame"},{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b16-l106","source":"βουλοίμην κʼ ἐν ἐμοῖσι κατακτάμενος μεγάροισι","translation":"I would rather, struck down in my own halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l106.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βουλοίμην κʼ","title":"Potential optative","body":"The optative with κε (ἄν) expresses a hypothetical preference: 'I would rather.' This is the potential optative of polite or conditional statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"βουλοίμην","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would wish"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσι","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"κατακτάμενος","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τεθνάμεν","gloss":"slain","note":"aorist participle κατακτάμενος, 'having been killed' — modifies the implied subject of 'be dead' (τεθνάμεν) next line."},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b16-l107","source":"τεθνάμεν ἢ τάδε γʼ αἰὲν ἀεικέα ἔργʼ ὁράασθαι,","translation":"be dead, than always look upon these shameful deeds:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"be dead"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁράασθαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"ὁράασθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to look upon","note":"βουλοίμην...ἢ + infinitives: 'I would rather X than Y', a classic preference construction."}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b16-l108","source":"ξείνους τε στυφελιζομένους δμῳάς τε γυναῖκας","translation":"strangers being beaten, and the serving women","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυφελιζομένους","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being beaten"},{"surface":"δμῳάς","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"serving"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥυστάζοντας","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b16-l109","source":"ῥυστάζοντας ἀεικελίως κατὰ δώματα καλά,","translation":"dragged about disgracefully through the fine halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥυστάζοντας","lemma":"ῥυστάζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dragged about","note":"ῥυστάζοντας: vivid verb of manhandling/dragging, intensifying the outrage of the suitors' abuse."},{"surface":"ἀεικελίως","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥυστάζοντας","gloss":"disgracefully"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b16-l110","source":"καὶ οἶνον διαφυσσόμενον, καὶ σῖτον ἔδοντας","translation":"and wine drawn off, and the food devoured","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"διαφυσσόμενον","lemma":"διαφύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"drawn off"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντας","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἔδοντας","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"devoured"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b16-l111","source":"μὰψ αὔτως, ἀτέλεστον, ἀνηνύστῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ.","translation":"recklessly, to no end, for a labor that can never be brought to completion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὰψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"vainly"},{"surface":"ἀτέλεστον","lemma":"ἀτέλεστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"to no end"},{"surface":"ἀνηνύστῳ","lemma":"ἀνήνυστος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργῳ","gloss":"unfinishable","note":"ἀνήνυστος: 'incapable of completion' — the suitors' wasteful courtship has no proper end."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔργῳ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"labor"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b16-l112","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος: standing epithet of Telemachus, 'prudent/wise', perfect participle used as fixed adjective."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b16-l113","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, ξεῖνε, μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"\"Well then, stranger, I will tell you the exact truth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b16-l114","source":"οὔτε τί μοι πᾶς δῆμος ἀπεχθόμενος χαλεπαίνει,","translation":"It is not that the whole people hates me and is harsh toward me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χαλεπαίνει","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χαλεπαίνει","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμος","gloss":"whole","note":"πᾶς 'all/whole' agrees with δῆμος; sets up the litotes οὔτε...οὔτε 'not that...nor'."},{"surface":"δῆμος","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαλεπαίνει","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἀπεχθόμενος","lemma":"ἀπεχθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλεπαίνει","gloss":"being hostile","note":"aorist participle of ἀπεχθάνομαι, 'having grown hostile,' modifying δῆμος, the stated subject of χαλεπαίνει (not an unstated one)."},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνει","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is harsh"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b16-l115","source":"οὔτε κασιγνήτοις ἐπιμέμφομαι, οἷσί περ ἀνὴρ","translation":"nor do I have any complaint against brothers, the ones in whom a man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κασιγνήτοις","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιμέμφομαι","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"ἐπιμέμφομαι","lemma":"ἐπιμέμφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I blame","note":"middle-voice ἐπιμέμφομαι, 'find fault with,' governs the dative κασιγνήτοις."},{"surface":"οἷσί","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέποιθε","gloss":"in whom","note":"relative pronoun οἷσι picks up κασιγνήτοις and is the dative object of πέποιθε in the next line — a run-on sentence across verses, typical of Homeric enjambment."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέποιθε","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b16-l116","source":"μαρναμένοισι πέποιθε, καὶ εἰ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρηται.","translation":"puts his trust when they fight at his side, even if a great quarrel arises.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρναμένοισι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fighting beside him","note":"dative plural participle μαρναμένοισι agrees with the implied brothers, 'when they are fighting.'"},{"surface":"πέποιθε","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κασιγνήτοις","gloss":"trusts","note":"perfect πέποιθε (from πείθω) has present force, 'has come to trust / relies on' — a classic Homeric perfect."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρηται","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ὄρηται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"arises","note":"aorist subjunctive ὄρηται after εἰ, giving a vivid future-conditional sense, 'even if a quarrel should arise.'"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b16-l117","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἡμετέρην γενεὴν μούνωσε Κρονίων·","translation":"For thus the son of Cronus has made our line single in each generation:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μούνωσε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρην","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γενεὴν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"γενεὴν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μούνωσε","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"μούνωσε","lemma":"μονόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made single","note":"μονόω 'to make single/only-child,' a rare verb underscoring the family's lack of kin support."},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μούνωσε","gloss":"the son of Cronus","note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet for Zeus used as a full noun — epic formula naming Zeus by lineage alone."}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b16-l118","source":"μοῦνον Λαέρτην Ἀρκείσιος υἱὸν ἔτικτε,","translation":"Arceisius fathered Laertes as his only son,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"Λαέρτην","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτικτε","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"Ἀρκείσιος","lemma":"Ἀρκείσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔτικτε","gloss":"Arceisius"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as son"},{"surface":"ἔτικτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fathered"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b16-l119","source":"μοῦνον δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα πατὴρ τέκεν· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and his father in turn fathered Odysseus alone; then Odysseus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τέκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fathered","note":"τέκεν, aorist of τίκτω, echoes ἔτικτε (imperfect) in the prior line — same root repeated to stress the pattern of single sons each generation."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b16-l120","source":"μοῦνον ἔμʼ ἐν μεγάροισι τεκὼν λίπεν οὐδʼ ἀπόνητο.","translation":"fathered me alone in the halls and left, with no profit from me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"τεκὼν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"having fathered","note":"aorist participle τεκὼν, 'having begotten,' modifies the subject of λίπεν — 'he begot [me] and left.'"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἀπόνητο","lemma":"ἀπονίναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"got no benefit","note":"ἀπονίναμαι, 'profit/enjoy from,' middle voice — Telemachus laments his father never got to enjoy having a son."}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b16-l121","source":"τῷ νῦν δυσμενέες μάλα μυρίοι εἴσʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ.","translation":"And so now enemies past counting are within the house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δυσμενέες","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἴσ᾽","gloss":"enemies","note":"δυσμενής 'ill-disposed,' i.e. hostile men — here substantival, 'foes,' referring to the suitors."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μυρίοι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δυσμενέες","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"εἴσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b16-l122","source":"ὅσσοι γὰρ νήσοισιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι,","translation":"For all the nobles who hold sway over the islands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπικρατέουσιν","gloss":"as many as","note":"ὅσσοι, epic doubled-sigma form of ὅσοι, 'all who' — introduces a relative clause spanning several lines listing the suitor-chiefs' home islands."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νήσοισιν","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέουσιν","lemma":"ἐπικρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"hold sway over"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the nobles"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b16-l123","source":"Δουλιχίῳ τε Σάμῃ τε καὶ ὑλήεντι Ζακύνθῳ,","translation":"Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δουλιχίῳ","lemma":"δουλίχιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Dulichium"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σάμῃ","lemma":"Σάμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Same"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑλήεντι","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζακύνθῳ","gloss":"wooded","note":"ὑλήεις 'wooded/forested,' a standing epithet for Zacynthus in Homeric geography."},{"surface":"Ζακύνθῳ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zacynthus"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b16-l124","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσι,","translation":"and all who lord it over rugged Ithaca,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κοιρανέουσι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"κραναὴν","lemma":"κραναός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"rugged","note":"κραναός 'rocky/rugged,' standard Homeric epithet for Ithaca's terrain."},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κάτα","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over","note":"κατά placed after its noun (anastrophe), 'over Ithaca' — common in Homeric word order with disyllabic prepositions."},{"surface":"κοιρανέουσι","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"lord it over"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b16-l125","source":"τόσσοι μητέρʼ ἐμὴν μνῶνται, τρύχουσι δὲ οἶκον.","translation":"all of these are courting my mother and wearing down the house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσοι","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μητέρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνῶνται","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνῶνται","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are courting","note":"μνάομαι here means 'woo/court' (as a suitor), the verb that gives the suitors their name μνηστῆρες."},{"surface":"τρύχουσι","lemma":"τρύχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wear down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τρύχουσι","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b16-l126","source":"ἡ δʼ οὔτʼ ἀρνεῖται στυγερὸν γάμον οὔτε τελευτὴν","translation":"And she neither refuses the hateful marriage nor is able","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρνεῖται","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refuses"},{"surface":"στυγερὸν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρνεῖται","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"τελευτὴν","lemma":"τελευτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιῆσαι","gloss":"completion","note":"τελευτή here means bringing the marriage to its conclusion (i.e. actually marrying); paired with ποιῆσαι in the next line, 'is able to make an end.'"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b16-l127","source":"ποιῆσαι δύναται· τοὶ δὲ φθινύθουσιν ἔδοντες","translation":"to bring it to an end; meanwhile they devour and waste","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιῆσαι","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φθινύθουσιν","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waste away","note":"φθινύθω 'waste/consume,' its object (οἶκον, 'house') appears only in the following line — enjambment stretching the sense across the verse."},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"eating","note":"present participle of ἔδω, 'eating,' vividly describing the suitors literally consuming the household's food as they ruin it."}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b16-l128","source":"οἶκον ἐμόν· τάχα δή με διαρραίσουσι καὶ αὐτόν.","translation":"my house; and soon they will tear me to pieces as well.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαρραίσουσι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διαρραίσουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"διαρραίσουσι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will destroy","note":"διαρραίω 'shatter/tear apart,' future tense — Telemachus fears he himself will be the suitors' next victim."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies με","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b16-l129","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται·","translation":"But truly these things lie on the knees of the gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"knees","note":"θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, 'lies on the knees of the gods' — famous Homeric formula for events not yet decided, left to divine will."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b16-l130","source":"ἄττα, σὺ δʼ ἔρχεο θᾶσσον, ἐχέφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ","translation":"Old friend, you go quickly, and to prudent Penelope","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄττα","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old friend","note":"ἄττα, an affectionate term like 'daddy/old man,' used by Telemachus for the aged Eumaeus — a rare intimate vocative in Homer."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεο","gloss":"quicker"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρονι","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"prudent","note":"ἐχέφρων 'sound-minded,' standing epithet for Penelope marking her wisdom and self-control."},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴφ᾽","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b16-l131","source":"εἴφʼ ὅτι οἱ σῶς εἰμὶ καὶ ἐκ Πύλου εἰλήλουθα.","translation":"say that I am safe and have come back from Pylos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴφ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμὶ","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"σῶς","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"εἰμὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"have come","note":"εἰλήλουθα, reduplicated perfect of ἔρχομαι, 'I have arrived (and am here now)' — perfect stresses the present result of the journey."}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b16-l132","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν αὐτοῦ μενέω, σὺ δὲ δεῦρο νέεσθαι,","translation":"But I myself will stay here, and you return back this way,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενέω","gloss":"right here"},{"surface":"μενέω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will stay"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"back here"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"return","note":"infinitive νέεσθαι used with imperatival force ('you are to return') — a common Homeric substitute for a formal imperative."}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b16-l133","source":"οἴῃ ἀπαγγείλας· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων μή τις Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"having told her alone; let no other of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴῃ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to her alone","note":"dative οἴῃ, 'to her alone,' i.e. tell only Penelope the news, keeping it secret from the suitors."},{"surface":"ἀπαγγείλας","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"having told"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πευθέσθω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"ʼἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b16-l134","source":"πευθέσθω· πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐμοὶ κακὰ μηχανόωνται.","translation":"find out, for many are devising evil against me.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πευθέσθω","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let find out","note":"3rd-person imperative πευθέσθω, 'let him learn of it' — negated by μή τις...πευθέσθω, 'let no one find out.'"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μηχανόωνται","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are devising"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b16-l135","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then you answered him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Address to the swineherd","body":"Homer speaks directly to Eumaeus with a second-person verb (apostrophe), a mark of affection for the character."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke to","note":"προσέφης, imperfect of πρόσφημι, part of the recurring Homeric narrator formula addressing a character directly ('you spoke,' apostrophe)."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd","note":"συβώτης 'swineherd' in apposition to Εὔμαιε — the formulaic address 'Eumaeus, swineherd' recurs throughout Book 16."}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b16-l136","source":"γιγνώσκω, φρονέω· τά γε δὴ νοέοντι κελεύεις.","translation":"\"I understand, I take your meaning; you command one who already grasps it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I understand"},{"surface":"φρονέω","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I perceive"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"νοέοντι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to one already understanding","note":"dative participle νοέοντι, 'to one who already perceives/knows' — Eumaeus wryly says Telemachus is commanding someone who already grasps the point."},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you command"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b16-l137","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it exactly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b16-l138","source":"ἦ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω","translation":"shall I go on the same road as a messenger to Laertes too,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or","note":"ἦ here introduces a direct disjunctive question, 'shall I go...?' (contrasting with reporting only to Penelope) — it is not paired with the unrelated affirmative particle ἦ in line 129, a different word."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Λαέρτῃ","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλθω","gloss":"to Laertes"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλθω","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as messenger"},{"surface":"ἔλθω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"shall I go"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b16-l139","source":"δυσμόρῳ, ὃς τῆος μὲν Ὀδυσσῆος μέγʼ ἀχεύων","translation":"the ill-fated man, who up to now, grieving deeply for Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυσμόρῳ","lemma":"δύσμορος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τῆος","lemma":"τέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀχεύων","gloss":"until now","note":"τῆος (epic for τέως), 'meanwhile/up till now,' marks the ongoing state of Laertes' grief before Odysseus' return."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχεύων","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀχεύων","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b16-l140","source":"ἔργα τʼ ἐποπτεύεσκε μετὰ δμώων τʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"would oversee the work and, among his servants in the house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐποπτεύεσκε","gloss":"tasks"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐποπτεύεσκε","lemma":"ἐποπτεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"used to oversee","note":"iterative imperfect ἐποπτεύεσκε (-σκε suffix), 'used to oversee repeatedly,' describing Laertes' habitual past routine on the farm."},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b16-l141","source":"πῖνε καὶ ἦσθʼ, ὅτε θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνώγοι·","translation":"would eat and drink whenever the spirit in his breast urged him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῖνε","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"would drink","note":"imperfect πῖνε, paired with ἦσθ᾽, describes Laertes' habitual eating and drinking whenever he felt like it — despite his grief he still lived normally."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦσθ","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"would eat"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγοι","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἀνώγοι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"urged","note":"optative ἀνώγοι in a general/iterative temporal clause with ὅτε, 'whenever his heart urged him' — optative of repeated past action."}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b16-l142","source":"αὐτὰρ νῦν, ἐξ οὗ σύ γε ᾤχεο νηῒ Πύλονδε,","translation":"but now, ever since you went off in the ship to Pylos,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φασιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"[that] time","note":"ἐξ οὗ = 'ever since,' a fixed temporal phrase with the genitive relative."},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ᾤχεο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"you went off","note":"οἴχομαι + impf. mid. often means simply 'be gone, have departed,' not a passive sense."},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾤχεο","gloss":"by ship"},{"surface":"Πύλονδε","lemma":"Πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχεο","gloss":"to Pylos","note":"the -δε suffix means 'to/toward,' fossilized directly onto the place name."}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b16-l143","source":"οὔ πω μίν φασιν φαγέμεν καὶ πιέμεν αὔτως,","translation":"they say he no longer eats or drinks as before,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet/still"},{"surface":"μίν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φασιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say","note":"φασιν here reports rumor/report, governing the infinitives φαγέμεν/πιέμεν."},{"surface":"φαγέμεν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to eat","note":"epic infinitive ending -έμεν (=-ειν), typical Homeric verb form."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πιέμεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"as before"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b16-l144","source":"οὐδʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα ἰδεῖν, ἀλλὰ στοναχῇ τε γόῳ τε","translation":"nor looks to the work, but with groaning and lament","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at/toward"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the work"},{"surface":"ἰδεῖν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to look","note":"ἐπὶ ... ἰδεῖν, split preposition + infinitive, 'to look upon.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"στοναχῇ","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with groaning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[and]"},{"surface":"γόῳ","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with lament","note":"στοναχῇ...γόῳ τε: paired datives with τε...τε correlation, epic formulaic grief phrase."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b16-l145","source":"ἧσται ὀδυρόμενος, φθινύθει δʼ ἀμφʼ ὀστεόφι χρώς.","translation":"he sits mourning, and the flesh withers about his bones.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sits"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσται","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"φθινύθει","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wastes away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ὀστεόφι","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"his bones","note":"ὀστεόφι is an archaic instrumental/dative plural ending in -φι, common in Homer."},{"surface":"χρώς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φθινύθει","gloss":"his flesh"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b16-l146","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, a standing epithet for Telemachus meaning 'prudent, wise' — perfect participle used adjectivally."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b16-l147","source":"ἄλγιον, ἀλλʼ ἔμπης μιν ἐάσομεν, ἀχνύμενοί περ·","translation":"\"It is the harder grief, but even so we will leave him be, sorry as we are.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλγιον","lemma":"ἀλγίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more painful","note":"comparative adjective ἀλγίων used as a one-word predicate: 'it is more grievous.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will leave"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though","note":"περ concessive: 'grieving though we are.'"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b16-l148","source":"εἰ γὰρ πως εἴη αὐτάγρετα πάντα βροτοῖσι,","translation":"For if all things could be had for the choosing by mortals,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"it were"},{"surface":"αὐτάγρετα","lemma":"αὐτάγρετος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"there for the choosing"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσι","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for mortals"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b16-l149","source":"πρῶτόν κεν τοῦ πατρὸς ἑλοίμεθα νόστιμον ἦμαρ.","translation":"the first thing we would choose is my father's day of homecoming.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ","title":"Day of homecoming","body":"Nostos, the homecoming, is the driving theme of the Odyssey; the phrase 'day of return' recurs as a fixed expression."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτόν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἑλοίμεθα","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"κεν + optative ἑλοίμεθα = potential mood, 'we would choose.'"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἑλοίμεθα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would choose"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλοίμεθα","gloss":"day","note":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ, a Homeric formula for 'day of return.'"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b16-l150","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἀγγείλας ὀπίσω κίε, μηδὲ κατʼ ἀγροὺς","translation":"But you, when you have given the message, come back, and do not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀγγείλας","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"having told"},{"surface":"ὀπίσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"κίε, epic imperfect used with imperative force in vivid narrative command."},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through/down"},{"surface":"ἀγροὺς","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"the fields"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b16-l151","source":"πλάζεσθαι μετʼ ἐκεῖνον· ἀτὰρ πρὸς μητέρα εἰπεῖν","translation":"wander through the fields after him; but tell my mother","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζεσθαι","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"my mother"},{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b16-l152","source":"ἀμφίπολον ταμίην ὀτρυνέμεν ὅττι τάχιστα","translation":"to send the housekeeper, a maidservant, as quickly as possible","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφίπολον","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ταμίην","gloss":"maidservant"},{"surface":"ταμίην","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀτρυνέμεν","gloss":"the housekeeper","note":"ἀμφίπολον ταμίην, apposition: 'the maidservant, the housekeeper.'"},{"surface":"ὀτρυνέμεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὅττι","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b16-l153","source":"κρύβδην· κείνη γὰρ κεν ἀπαγγείλειε γέροντι.","translation":"in secret; for she could carry the news to the old man.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρύβδην","lemma":"κρύβδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀτρυνέμεν","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"κείνη","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπαγγείλειε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀπαγγείλειε","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could bring word","note":"optative + κεν, potential: 'she could report it.'"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαγγείλειε","gloss":"to the old man"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b16-l154","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ὦρσε συφορβόν· ὁ δʼ εἵλετο χερσὶ\n                  πέδιλα,","translation":"So he spoke, and roused the swineherd; he took his sandals in his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke","note":"ἦ (from ἠμί) is the archaic narrative verb 'said,' distinct from the copula εἰμί."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"συφορβόν","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"his sandals"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b16-l155","source":"δησάμενος δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ πόλινδʼ ἴεν. οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνην","translation":"bound them under his feet, and went to the town. Nor did Athena","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δησάμενος","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴεν","gloss":"having bound"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"πόλινδ","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴεν","gloss":"to the town","note":"πόλινδε, directive -δε suffix again, 'townward.'"},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λῆθεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b16-l156","source":"λῆθεν ἀπὸ σταθμοῖο κιὼν Εὔμαιος ὑφορβός,","translation":"fail to notice Eumaeus the swineherd leaving the steading,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῆθεν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"failed to notice","note":"λανθάνω + participle κιὼν: 'escaped Athena's notice going,' idiomatic Greek construction."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖο","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the steading"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λῆθεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιος","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ὑφορβός","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιος","gloss":"the swineherd"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b16-l157","source":"ἀλλʼ ἥ γε σχεδὸν ἦλθε· δέμας δʼ ἤϊκτο γυναικὶ","translation":"but she herself came near; in form she was like a woman,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤϊκτο","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊκτο","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she was like","note":"pluperfect ἤϊκτο (from ἔοικα) has present-tense sense, 'she resembled/looked like.'"},{"surface":"γυναικὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤϊκτο","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b16-l158","source":"καλῇ τε μεγάλῃ τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ ἔργα ἰδυίῃ.","translation":"fair and tall and skilled in glorious handiwork.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδυίῃ","gloss":"handiwork"},{"surface":"ἰδυίῃ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"skilled in","note":"ἰδυίῃ, perfect participle of οἶδα used adjectivally, 'knowing/skilled.'"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b16-l159","source":"στῆ δὲ κατʼ ἀντίθυρον κλισίης Ὀδυσῆϊ φανεῖσα·","translation":"She stood at the door of the hut, showing herself to Odysseus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀντίθυρον","lemma":"ἀντίθυρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατ᾽","gloss":"the doorway"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀντίθυρον","gloss":"of the hut"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φανεῖσα","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"φανεῖσα","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"showing herself","note":"φανεῖσα, aorist passive participle of φαίνω used with reflexive/middle sense, 'appearing.'"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b16-l160","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος ἴδεν ἀντίον οὐδʼ ἐνόησεν,","translation":"but Telemachus did not see her before him, nor perceive her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perceived"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b16-l161","source":"οὐ γὰρ πω πάντεσσι θεοὶ φαίνονται ἐναργεῖς,","translation":"for the gods do not appear in plain sight to everyone,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φαίνονται","gloss":"to everyone"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φαίνονται","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"φαίνονται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"appear","note":"gnomic present φαίνονται stating a general truth about divine visibility."},{"surface":"ἐναργεῖς","lemma":"ἐναργής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in plain sight"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b16-l162","source":"ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεύς τε κύνες τε ἴδον, καί ῥʼ οὐχ ὑλάοντο","translation":"but Odysseus and the dogs saw her, and they did not bark","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[and]"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the dogs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw","note":"ἴδον, root aorist of εἶδον/ὁράω, 'saw/noticed.'"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑλάοντο","lemma":"ὑλάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"barked"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b16-l163","source":"κνυζηθμῷ δʼ ἑτέρωσε διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν.","translation":"but whimpering they shrank away to the other side of the steading.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνυζηθμῷ","lemma":"κνυζηθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φόβηθεν","gloss":"whimpering"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσε","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φόβηθεν","gloss":"to the other side"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖο","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"the steading"},{"surface":"φόβηθεν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they shrank away","note":"φόβηθεν, aorist passive of φοβέω with active meaning 'fled in fear,' common Homeric usage."}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b16-l164","source":"ἡ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε· νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"She signaled with her brows; noble Odysseus understood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νεῦσε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"her brows"},{"surface":"νεῦσε","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"signaled","note":"νεῦσε ἐπ' ὀφρύσι, 'nodded/signaled with her eyebrows' — vivid Homeric gesture idiom."},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b16-l165","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἦλθεν μεγάροιο παρὲκ μέγα τειχίον αὐλῆς,","translation":"and came out of the hall, past the great wall of the courtyard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"παρὲκ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past","note":"παρέξ, 'alongside/past' — a rarer compound preposition."},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τειχίον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τειχίον","lemma":"τειχίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὲκ","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τειχίον","gloss":"of the courtyard"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b16-l166","source":"στῆ δὲ πάροιθʼ αὐτῆς· τὸν δὲ προσέειπεν Ἀθήνη·","translation":"and stood before her; then Athena spoke to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάροιθ","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of πάροιθ᾽","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b16-l167","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ.","translation":"\"Zeus-born son of Laertes, Odysseus of many devices,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l167.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","title":"Vocative epithet line","body":"This whole line is in the vocative case, a fixed formula of address for Odysseus. 'Of many devices' is one of his signature epithets."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαερτιάδη","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"διογενές, epithet formula common for heroes, 'sprung from Zeus.'"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"of many devices","note":"πολυμήχανε, Odysseus's standing epithet, 'resourceful, of many wiles.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b16-l168","source":"ἤδη νῦν σῷ παιδὶ ἔπος φάο μηδʼ ἐπίκευθε,","translation":"now at last speak the word to your son, and do not hide it,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"now at last"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"to your"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φάο","gloss":"the word"},{"surface":"φάο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak","note":"φάο, middle imperative of φημί, rare epic form meaning 'say, declare.'"},{"surface":"ἐπίκευθε","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do not hide"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b16-l169","source":"ὡς ἄν μνηστῆρσιν θάνατον καὶ κῆρʼ ἀραρόντε","translation":"so that, having fixed death and doom for the suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρόντε","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀραρόντε","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχησθον","gloss":"having fixed","note":"ἀραρόντε is dual, agreeing with the two (Odysseus & Telemachus) who together plot the suitors' fate."}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b16-l170","source":"ἔρχησθον προτὶ ἄστυ περικλυτόν· οὐδʼ ἐγὼ αὐτὴ","translation":"the two of you may go to the famous town; and I myself","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l170.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔρχησθον / ἀραρόντε","title":"Dual number for the pair","body":"Homer uses dual forms here for Odysseus and Telemachus acting as a pair, a feature largely lost in later Greek."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχησθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"you two may go","note":"dual subjunctive ἔρχησθον: the two of you (father and son) go together."},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"περικλυτόν","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγὼ","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b16-l171","source":"δηρὸν ἀπὸ σφῶϊν ἔσομαι μεμαυῖα μάχεσθαι.","translation":"will not be far from you two for long, eager as I am to fight.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔσομαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive dual pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"ἔσομαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will be"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔσομαι","gloss":"eager","note":"perfect μέμαα has present force: 'having set my heart on' = eager, standard epic perfect-as-present."},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μεμαυῖα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b16-l172","source":"ἦ καὶ χρυσείῃ ῥάβδῳ ἐπεμάσσατʼ Ἀθήνη.","translation":"She spoke, and touched him with her golden wand.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke","note":"ἦ from ἠμί is the epic 'said' formula, distinct from ἦ the affirming particle ('surely') in l183."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσείῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥάβδῳ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ῥάβδῳ","lemma":"ῥάβδος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμάσσατ᾽","gloss":"wand"},{"surface":"ἐπεμάσσατ","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b16-l173","source":"φᾶρος μέν οἱ πρῶτον ἐϋπλυνὲς ἠδὲ χιτῶνα","translation":"First a well-washed cloak and a tunic","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκ᾽","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θῆκ᾽","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλυνὲς","lemma":"ἐυπλυνής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"well-washed","note":"ἐϋπλυνές, epithet built on πλύνω 'wash' + intensive εὐ-, freshly-laundered cloak."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b16-l174","source":"θῆκʼ ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι, δέμας δʼ ὤφελλε καὶ ἥβην.","translation":"she set about his chest, and increased his stature and his youth.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she put"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤφελλε","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"increased"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥβην","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b16-l175","source":"ἂψ δὲ μελαγχροιὴς γένετο, γναθμοὶ δὲ τάνυσθεν,","translation":"Again he grew dark of skin, and his cheeks filled out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελαγχροιὴς","lemma":"μελαγχροιής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dark-skinned","note":"μελαγχροιής, a rare compound (μέλας + χρώς); the same phrase ἂψ δὲ μελαγχροιὴς γένετο recurs at Od. 13.431 for the reverse (aging) transformation, so it is a reused formula, not coined for this scene."},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he became"},{"surface":"γναθμοὶ","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τάνυσθεν","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάνυσθεν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled out"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b16-l176","source":"κυάνεαι δʼ ἐγένοντο γενειάδες ἀμφὶ γένειον.","translation":"and dark grew the beard about his chin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυάνεαι","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"γενειάδες","lemma":"γενειάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"beard","note":"γενειάς is a rare plural for a single beard, epic idiom (cf. English 'whiskers')."},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"γένειον","lemma":"γένειον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his chin"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b16-l177","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς ἔρξασα πάλιν κίεν· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"When she had done this she went back again; but Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κίεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξασα","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔρξασα","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"having done"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"κίεν, an old epic verb 'go/come' surviving mainly in Homer, replaced by ἔρχομαι in later Greek."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b16-l178","source":"ἤϊεν ἐς κλισίην· θάμβησε δέ μιν φίλος υἱός,","translation":"went into the hut; and his dear son was amazed at him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"θάμβησε","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was amazed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θάμβησε","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θάμβησε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b16-l179","source":"ταρβήσας δʼ ἑτέρωσε βάλʼ ὄμματα, μὴ θεὸς εἴη,","translation":"and in fear turned his eyes aside, lest he be a god,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρβήσας","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλ᾽","gloss":"in fear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσε","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλ᾽","gloss":"aside"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βάλ᾽","gloss":"his eyes"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"he might be","note":"optative εἴη in a clause of fearing after μή, expressing Telemachus's anxious supposition."}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b16-l180","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him he uttered winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l180.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"A recurring Homeric formula: speech that 'flies' from the speaker to the listener."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the classic Homeric formula 'winged words' opening direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b16-l181","source":"ἀλλοῖός μοι, ξεῖνε, φάνης νέον ἠὲ πάροιθεν,","translation":"\"You look different to me, stranger, than a moment before;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλοῖός","lemma":"ἀλλοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φάνης","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"φάνης","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you appeared"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b16-l182","source":"ἄλλα δὲ εἵματʼ ἔχεις, καί τοι χρὼς οὐκέθʼ ὁμοῖος.","translation":"you wear other clothing, and your skin is no longer the same.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεις","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἔχεις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you wear"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies χρὼς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"οὐκέθ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b16-l183","source":"ἦ μάλα τις θεός ἐσσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν·","translation":"Surely you are some god, one of those who hold the wide heaven.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεός","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b16-l184","source":"ἀλλʼ ἵληθʼ, ἵνα τοι κεχαρισμένα δώομεν ἱρὰ","translation":"Be gracious, then, that we may give you pleasing offerings","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἵληθ","lemma":"ἵλημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be gracious","note":"ἵλημι, a rare imperative used almost only in prayer, 'be propitious.'"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώομεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένα","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἱρὰ","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"δώομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"we may give"},{"surface":"ἱρὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"offerings"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b16-l185","source":"ἠδὲ χρύσεα δῶρα, τετυγμένα· φείδεο δʼ ἡμέων","translation":"and gifts of wrought gold; and have mercy on us.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσεα","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"τετυγμένα","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"φείδεο","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spare"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φείδεο","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b16-l186","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Much-enduring Odysseus","body":"A signature epithet for Odysseus, recalling all he has suffered on his wanderings."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας, standing epithet of Odysseus, 'of many sufferings' — his identity marker."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b16-l187","source":"οὔ τίς τοι θεός εἰμι· τί μʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐΐσκεις;","translation":"\"I am no god for you; why do you liken me to the immortals?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσκεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐΐσκεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐΐσκεις","gloss":"to immortals"},{"surface":"ἐΐσκεις","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you liken","note":"ἐίσκω 'liken/compare', a rare epic verb tied to the recurring theme of mortals mistaken for gods."}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b16-l188","source":"ἀλλὰ πατὴρ τεός εἰμι, τοῦ εἵνεκα σὺ στεναχίζων","translation":"I am your father, for whose sake you, groaning,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τεός","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"your","note":"τεός, epic 2nd-person possessive adjective 'your', rare outside Homer where σός is usual."},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πάσχεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"στεναχίζων","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχεις","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b16-l189","source":"πάσχεις ἄλγεα πολλά, βίας ὑποδέγμενος ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"suffer many pains, enduring the violence of men.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάσχεις","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πατὴρ","gloss":"you suffer"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχεις","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποδέγμενος","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"ὑποδέγμενος","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχεις","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βίας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b16-l190","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας υἱὸν κύσε, κὰδ δὲ παρειῶν","translation":"So speaking he kissed his son, and down his cheeks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κύσε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κύσε","gloss":"his son"},{"surface":"κύσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he kissed"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρειῶν","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of κὰδ","gloss":"cheeks","note":"κὰδ...παρειῶν is tmesis: κατά belongs with the verb ἧκε in the next line ('let fall down from his cheeks')."}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b16-l191","source":"δάκρυον ἧκε χαμᾶζε· πάρος δʼ ἔχε νωλεμὲς αἰεί.","translation":"he let a tear fall to the ground; before he had held it back without ceasing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"a tear"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he held it back"},{"surface":"νωλεμὲς","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"unceasingly"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b16-l192","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ, οὐ γάρ πω ἐπείθετο ὃν πατέρʼ εἶναι,","translation":"But Telemachus, since he did not yet believe him to be his father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἐπείθετο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπείθετο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b16-l193","source":"ἐξαῦτίς μιν ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"answered him once more with these words and said:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαῦτίς","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b16-l194","source":"οὐ σύ γʼ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι, πατὴρ ἐμός, ἀλλά με\n                     δαίμων","translation":"\"You are not Odysseus, my father, but some divine power","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐμός","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θέλγει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θέλγει","gloss":"a divine power","note":"δαίμων here means an unnamed supernatural force, distinct from a named θεός — Telemachus hedges his disbelief."}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b16-l195","source":"θέλγει, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ὀδυρόμενος στεναχίζω.","translation":"is bewitching me, so that I may grieve and groan still more.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l195.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέλγει","title":"To bewitch","body":"Thelgo means to charm or enchant, often with the suggestion of deceptive, supernatural power."}],"words":[{"surface":"θέλγει","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is bewitching"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζω","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζω","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"στεναχίζω","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may groan"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b16-l196","source":"οὐ γάρ πως ἂν θνητὸς ἀνὴρ τάδε μηχανόῳτο","translation":"For no mortal man could contrive such things","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"θνητὸς","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μηχανόῳτο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μηχανόῳτο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μηχανόῳτο","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"contrive","note":"potential optative ἂν...μηχανόῳτο, 'could ever contrive' — Telemachus reasons no mortal skill explains the change."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b16-l197","source":"ᾧ αὐτοῦ γε νόῳ, ὅτε μὴ θεὸς αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν","translation":"by his own wit, unless a god himself coming near","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l197.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπελθὼν","title":"Aorist participle","body":"'Coming upon' is an aorist participle expressing the god's arrival as completed action prior to the main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόῳ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόῳ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μηχανόῳτο","gloss":"wit"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θείη","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείη","gloss":"coming near"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b16-l198","source":"ῥηϊδίως ἐθέλων θείη νέον ἠὲ γέροντα.","translation":"should easily, by his will, make him young or old.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θείη","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἐθέλων","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείη","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"θείη","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"should make","note":"optative θείη continues the unreal condition begun with ὅτε μή, 'unless a god should make him...'"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ἠὲ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ἠὲ","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b16-l199","source":"ἦ γάρ τοι νέον ἦσθα γέρων καὶ ἀεικέα ἕσσο·","translation":"For just now you were old and dressed in rags;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"just now","note":"neuter adjective used adverbially, 'newly/recently' - common epic idiom"},{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"an old man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕσσο","gloss":"unseemly rags"},{"surface":"ἕσσο","lemma":"ἔννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were dressed in","note":"pluperfect of ἔννυμι with middle sense 'had put on yourself' - stative resultant meaning"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b16-l200","source":"νῦν δὲ θεοῖσιν ἔοικας, οἳ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσι.","translation":"but now you are like the gods who hold the wide heaven.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔοικας","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you resemble","note":"ἔοικα is perfect in form but present in meaning, 'you look like' - a defective verb"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοῖσιν","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b16-l201","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many counsels answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l201.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύμητις","title":"Of many counsels","body":"Polymetis, 'of many wiles/counsels,' is another of Odysseus' defining epithets, marking his cleverness."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"formulaic Homeric speech-introduction verb πρόσφημι; here it precedes, not closes, the verse (the line ends with πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς)"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many counsels","note":"epithet πολύμητις, Odysseus's signature formula - 'much-devising'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b16-l202","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, οὔ σε ἔοικε φίλον πατέρ ἔνδον ἐόντα","translation":"\"Telemachus, it is not fitting, when your dear father is within,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is fitting"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαυμάζειν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being","note":"present participle of εἰμί agreeing with πατέρ᾽, 'father being within'"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b16-l203","source":"οὔτε τι θαυμάζειν περιώσιον οὔτʼ ἀγάασθαι·","translation":"to wonder so excessively or to be astonished;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to θαυμάζειν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θαυμάζειν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"to wonder"},{"surface":"περιώσιον","lemma":"περιώσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θαυμάζειν","gloss":"excessively"},{"surface":"ἀγάασθαι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"to be astonished"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b16-l204","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τοι ἔτʼ ἄλλος ἐλεύσεται ἐνθάδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"for no other Odysseus will come here to you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"will come","note":"future of ἔρχομαι via the root ἐλευθ-, a different stem from the aorist ἤλυθον below"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b16-l205","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅδʼ ἐγὼ τοιόσδε, παθὼν κακά, πολλὰ δʼ ἀληθείς,","translation":"but I, here, am that man: having suffered evils, and wandered much,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοιόσδε","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such as I am"},{"surface":"παθὼν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having suffered","note":"aorist participle of πάσχω, root of English 'pathos/pathetic'"},{"surface":"κακά","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παθὼν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀληθείς","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀληθείς","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having wandered","note":"aorist passive participle of ἀλάομαι, 'to roam' - source of Odysseus's epithet as wanderer"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b16-l206","source":"ἤλυθον εἰκοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"I have come in the twentieth year to my native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I came","note":"aorist ἤλυθον, an epic/Ionic form beside the more common ἦλθον"},{"surface":"εἰκοστῷ","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτεϊ","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"ἔτεϊ","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b16-l207","source":"αὐτάρ τοι τόδε ἔργον Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης,","translation":"And this is the work of Athena, driver of the spoil,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l207.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγελείης","title":"Driver of the spoil","body":"An epithet of Athena (agelaie), evoking her as the one who leads off plunder or booty in war."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίης","lemma":"ʼἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"of Athena"},{"surface":"ἀγελείης","lemma":"ἀγελείη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίης","gloss":"driver of spoil","note":"epithet ἀγελείη, 'she who drives off booty' - a war-goddess title for Athena"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b16-l208","source":"ἥ τέ με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως ἐθέλει, δύναται γὰρ,","translation":"who has made me such as she wishes, for she has the power,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ,","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀθηναίης","gloss":"made","note":"aorist of τίθημι, 'made/rendered' with double accusative (me + such)"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"she wishes"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"she is able"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b16-l209","source":"ἄλλοτε μὲν πτωχῷ ἐναλίγκιον, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε","translation":"at one time like a beggar, and at another time","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"at one time"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πτωχῷ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to a beggar","note":"dative of comparison-like resemblance governed by ἐναλίγκιον, 'like a beggar'"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ,","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b16-l210","source":"ἀνδρὶ νέῳ καὶ καλὰ περὶ χροῒ εἵματʼ ἔχοντι.","translation":"like a young man with fine clothes about his body.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to a man"},{"surface":"νέῳ","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"skin/body"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντι","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἔχοντι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"having","note":"present participle of ἔχω agreeing with ἀνδρὶ, 'a man having fine clothes on his body'"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b16-l211","source":"ῥηΐδιον δὲ θεοῖσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν,","translation":"It is easy for the gods, who hold the wide heaven,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηΐδιον","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"for the gods"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοῖσι","gloss":"hold","note":"echoes l200's ἔχουσι almost verbatim, a formulaic repeated line-ending"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b16-l212","source":"ἠμὲν κυδῆναι θνητὸν βροτὸν ἠδὲ κακῶσαι.","translation":"both to glorify a mortal man and to bring him low.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κυδῆναι / κακῶσαι","title":"Paired infinitives","body":"Two aorist infinitives ('to glorify,' 'to bring low') depend on 'easy,' framing the gods' twofold power in a balanced antithesis."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κυδῆναι","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to glorify","note":"aorist infinitive of κυδαίνω, 'to give κῦδος/glory to'"},{"surface":"θνητὸν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸν","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"βροτὸν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακῶσαι","lemma":"κακόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to debase"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b16-l213","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ","translation":"So speaking he sat down, and Telemachus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down","note":"κατ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἕζετο is a common Homeric formula for a speaker sitting down after finishing a speech"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b16-l214","source":"ἀμφιχυθεὶς πατέρʼ ἐσθλὸν ὀδύρετο, δάκρυα λείβων,","translation":"flinging his arms about his noble father, wept, shedding tears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφιχυθεὶς","lemma":"ἀμφιχέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"flinging his arms around","note":"aorist passive participle of ἀμφιχέω, literally 'poured around' - vivid image of an embrace"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὀδύρετο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b16-l215","source":"ἀμφοτέροισι δὲ τοῖσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερος ὦρτο γόοιο·","translation":"And in both of them the longing for lament arose;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in both"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦρτο","gloss":"in them"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἵμερος","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose","note":"aorist of ὄρνυμι, 'rose up' - vivid verb for a sudden welling of emotion"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵμερος","gloss":"for lament"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b16-l216","source":"κλαῖον δὲ λιγέως, ἀδινώτερον ἤ τʼ οἰωνοί,","translation":"they wailed shrilly, more thickly than birds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖον","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they wept"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιγέως","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖον","gloss":"shrilly"},{"surface":"ἀδινώτερον","lemma":"ἀδινός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖον","gloss":"more thickly","note":"comparative adverb from ἀδινός, describing a rapid, dense cry - used of birds and mourners alike"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἰωνοί","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b16-l217","source":"φῆναι ἢ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες, οἷσί τε τέκνα","translation":"sea-eagles or vultures with crooked talons, whose young","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆναι","lemma":"φήνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sea-eagles"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αἰγυπιοὶ","lemma":"αἰγυπιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"οἷσί","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξείλοντο","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξείλοντο","gloss":"young"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b16-l218","source":"ἀγρόται ἐξείλοντο πάρος πετεηνὰ γενέσθαι·","translation":"the country folk have stolen before they were fledged;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρόται","lemma":"ἀγρότης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξείλοντο","gloss":"country folk"},{"surface":"ἐξείλοντο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"stole away","note":"aorist middle of ἐξαιρέω, 'took out/away for themselves' - the middle voice marks self-interest"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πετεηνὰ","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fledged"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"became"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b16-l219","source":"ὣς ἄρα τοί γʼ ἐλεεινὸν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυον εἶβον.","translation":"so piteously did they let the tears fall from beneath their brows.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶβον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶβον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινὸν","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυον","gloss":"piteous"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶβον","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"εἶβον","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall","note":"epic verb εἴβω, 'to let drip/shed' - used almost exclusively of tears in Homer"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b16-l220","source":"καί νύ κʼ ὀδυρομένοισιν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο,","translation":"And now the light of the sun would have set upon their weeping,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"particle κε marking the unreal/potential condition, paired with the aorist ἔδυ - 'would have set'"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένοισιν","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b16-l221","source":"εἰ μὴ Τηλέμαχος προσεφώνεεν ὃν πατέρʼ αἶψα·","translation":"had not Telemachus suddenly spoken to his father:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"his own","note":"possessive ἑός/ὅς, reflexive 'his own father' distinguishing from a generic 'his'"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"suddenly"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b16-l222","source":"ποίῃ γὰρ νῦν δεῦρο, πάτερ φίλε, νηΐ σε\n                     ναῦται","translation":"\"In what ship, dear father, did the sailors bring you here","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποίῃ","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηΐ","gloss":"in what"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"νηΐ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγον","gloss":"ship","note":"dative νηΐ of ναῦς, an irregular declension noun common in nautical epic vocabulary"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ναῦται","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"sailors"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b16-l223","source":"ἤγαγον εἰς Ἰθάκην; τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωντο;","translation":"to Ithaca? Who did they claim to be?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claimed","note":"middle deponent εὐχετάομαι, 'to boast/claim as one's own' - implies the sailors' self-presentation"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b16-l224","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"For I do not suppose you reached this place on foot.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀΐομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πεζὸν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I suppose"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"arrived"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b16-l225","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l225.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Formulaic epithet","body":"This whole-line formula 'much-enduring noble Odysseus' recurs at line-end throughout the poem, fitting the hexameter. Such fixed epithets are a hallmark of oral composition."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"epithet πολύτλας, a core Odysseus formula meaning 'having endured much'"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b16-l226","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, τέκνον, ἀληθείην καταλέξω.","translation":"\"Then I will tell you the truth, my child.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἀληθείην","lemma":"ἀλήθεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell","note":"future of καταλέγω, 'to recount in order' - a verb of formal narration"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b16-l227","source":"Φαίηκές μʼ ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους","translation":"The Phaeacians, famed for ships, brought me; they who also escort","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαίηκές","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγαγον","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγαγον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ναυσίκλυτοι","lemma":"ναυσικλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκές","gloss":"famed for ships","note":"compound epithet ναυσίκλυτος, 'renowned in ships' - the Phaeacians' standard descriptor"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμπουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b16-l228","source":"ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν, ὅτις σφέας εἰσαφίκηται·","translation":"other men, whoever comes to them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πέμπουσιν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Φαίηκές","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσαφίκηται","gloss":"whoever","note":"ὅστις = generalizing 'whoever', indefinite relative pronoun."},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσαφίκηται","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"εἰσαφίκηται","lemma":"εἰσαφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"comes to","note":"aorist subjunctive in an indefinite relative clause: 'whoever should come'."}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b16-l229","source":"καί μʼ εὕδοντʼ ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἐπὶ πόντον ἄγοντες","translation":"And as I slept they carried me over the sea in their swift ship","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εὕδοντ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sleeping","note":"present participle describing Odysseus's state while carried — 'as I slept'."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ship","note":"epic dative νηῒ (for νηΐ) of ναῦς, 'ship' — irregular declension typical of Homer."},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b16-l230","source":"κάτθεσαν εἰς Ἰθάκην, ἔπορον δέ μοι ἀγλαὰ δῶρα,","translation":"and set me down in Ithaca, and gave me splendid gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down","note":"κάτθεσαν, syncopated aorist of κατατίθημι — 'they set (me) down'."},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἔπορον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave","note":"ἔπορον, defective aorist 'gave' (no present tense in use) from πόρω."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπορον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b16-l231","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε ἅλις ἐσθῆτά θʼ ὑφαντήν.","translation":"bronze and gold in plenty, and woven clothing.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρυσόν","gloss":"in plenty","note":"ἅλις 'in abundance/plenty', adverb modifying the list of gifts."},{"surface":"ἐσθῆτά","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑφαντήν","lemma":"ὑφαντός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐσθῆτά","gloss":"woven"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b16-l232","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν σπήεσσι θεῶν ἰότητι κέονται·","translation":"These things lie in a cave by the will of the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of κέονται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπήεσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κέονται","gloss":"by the will","note":"ἰότητι (+ genitive) 'by the will/wish of' — a Homeric formulaic phrase for divine agency."},{"surface":"κέονται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie","note":"κεῖμαι serves as the perfect passive of τίθημι — 'lie stored' rather than active 'be placed'."}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b16-l233","source":"νῦν αὖ δεῦρʼ ἱκόμην ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν Ἀθήνης,","translation":"and now I have come here at the prompting of Athena,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l233.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν","title":"Dative of cause/means","body":"The plural dative 'ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν' (by the promptings) gives the reason for Odysseus's arrival. The dative case often marks the means or cause of an action."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκόμην","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκόμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I came"},{"surface":"ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν","lemma":"ὑποθημοσύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμην","gloss":"by the counsels","note":"ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν, epic dative plural instrumental 'by the promptings/counsels of' Athena."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν","gloss":"of Athena"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b16-l234","source":"ὄφρα κε δυσμενέεσσι φόνου πέρι βουλεύσωμεν.","translation":"so that we may plan the slaughter of our enemies.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l234.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βουλεύσωμεν","title":"Purpose with subjunctive","body":"ὄφρα + aorist subjunctive 'βουλεύσωμεν' expresses purpose: 'so that we may plan.' Purpose clauses regularly take the subjunctive after primary tenses."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κε/ἄν marks the subjunctive as a purpose clause, 'so that we may...'."},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσι","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βουλεύσωμεν","gloss":"our enemies"},{"surface":"φόνου","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"about","note":"πέρι postposed after its object φόνου — anastrophe, common in Homer, shifts the accent."},{"surface":"βουλεύσωμεν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may plan"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b16-l235","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι μνηστῆρας ἀριθμήσας κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, count the suitors for me and tell their number,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"ἄγε, fossilized imperative used as an interjection: 'come now'."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατάλεξον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατάλεξον","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀριθμήσας","lemma":"ἀριθμέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"counting"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"aorist imperative καταλέγω, 'recount in order' — used of listing/cataloguing, as in the Catalogue of Ships."}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b16-l236","source":"ὄφρʼ εἰδέω ὅσσοι τε καὶ οἵ τινες ἀνέρες εἰσί·","translation":"that I may know how many and what kind of men they are.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἰδέω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"εἰδέω, epic perfect subjunctive of οἶδα used with future sense, 'I may know'."},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τινες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"εἰσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of εἰδέω","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b16-l237","source":"καί κεν ἐμὸν κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονα μερμηρίξας","translation":"Then, having weighed it in my faultless heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"faultless","note":"ἀμύμων, a stock Homeric epithet 'blameless/faultless', here applied to θυμός."},{"surface":"μερμηρίξας","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φράσσομαι","gloss":"having pondered"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b16-l238","source":"φράσσομαι, ἤ κεν νῶϊ δυνησόμεθʼ ἀντιφέρεσθαι","translation":"I will consider whether the two of us can stand against them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l238.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊ","title":"Dual pronoun","body":"'νῶϊ' is the dual form of the first-person pronoun, 'we two.' Homer often uses the dual for natural pairs, here Odysseus and Telemachus."}],"words":[{"surface":"φράσσομαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will consider","note":"φράσσομαι, future middle 'I will take thought/decide' — deliberative sense continuing from μερμηρίξας."},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δυνησόμεθ᾽","gloss":"we two","note":"νῶϊ, dual pronoun 'we two' — the dual number marks Odysseus and Telemachus as a pair."},{"surface":"δυνησόμεθ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"we shall be able"},{"surface":"ἀντιφέρεσθαι","lemma":"ἀντιφέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δυνησόμεθ᾽","gloss":"to withstand"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b16-l239","source":"μούνω ἄνευθʼ ἄλλων, ἦ καὶ διζησόμεθʼ ἄλλους.","translation":"alone, without others, or whether we must seek out more.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μούνω","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"μούνω, dual adjective agreeing with νῶϊ — 'the two of us alone'."},{"surface":"ἄνευθ","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄνευθ᾽","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"διζησόμεθ","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"we shall seek"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διζησόμεθ᾽","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b16-l240","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος 'prudent, wise' — standing epithet for Telemachus in the poem."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b16-l241","source":"ὦ πάτερ, ἦ τοι σεῖο μέγα κλέος αἰὲν ἄκουον,","translation":"\"Father, I have always heard of your great fame,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος 'fame/glory' — the central heroic value word of the epic tradition."},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄκουον","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἄκουον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I used to hear"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b16-l242","source":"χεῖράς τʼ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι καὶ ἐπίφρονα βουλήν·","translation":"that you are a spearman of strong hands and shrewd in counsel.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖράς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in hands"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰχμητὴν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a spearman"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίφρονα","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in counsel","note":"βουλήν, accusative of respect: 'shrewd with respect to counsel'."}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b16-l243","source":"ἀλλὰ λίην μέγα εἶπες· ἄγη μʼ ἔχει· οὐδέ κεν εἴη","translation":"But this is far too great a thing you say; amazement holds me. There is no way","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέγα","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἶπες","gloss":"great a thing"},{"surface":"εἶπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said"},{"surface":"ἄγη","lemma":"ἄγη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"amazement","note":"ἄγη, rare noun 'amazement/awe' — appears almost only here in Homer."},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could it be","note":"optative εἴη + κεν expresses potential: 'there could hardly be...'."}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b16-l244","source":"ἄνδρε δύω πολλοῖσι καὶ ἰφθίμοισι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"for two men to fight against many and strong ones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"two men","note":"ἄνδρε, dual form of ἀνήρ — 'the two men' (Odysseus and Telemachus)."},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμοισι","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b16-l245","source":"μνηστήρων δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ δεκὰς ἀτρεκὲς οὔτε δύʼ οἶαι,","translation":"Of the suitors there is not just one full ten, nor two,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δεκὰς","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δεκὰς","lemma":"δεκάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a ten","note":"δεκὰς 'a group of ten' — Telemachus is counting them out in tens."},{"surface":"ἀτρεκὲς","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"οἶαι","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶαι 'alone/only' emphasizing it is not merely two tens."}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b16-l246","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ πλέονες· τάχα δʼ εἴσεαι ἐνθάδʼ ἀριθμόν.","translation":"but far more; you will soon learn their number here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πλέονες","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσεαι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀριθμόν","lemma":"ἀριθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσεαι","gloss":"number"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b16-l247","source":"ἐκ μὲν Δουλιχίοιο δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα","translation":"From Dulichium there are fifty-two","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Δουλιχίοιο","lemma":"δουλικίον","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Dulichium","note":"an island under Odysseus's rule; part of the suitor-tally catalogue."},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b16-l248","source":"κοῦροι κεκριμένοι, ἓξ δὲ δρηστῆρες ἕπονται·","translation":"chosen young men, and six servants attend them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"κεκριμένοι","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δρηστῆρες","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δρηστῆρες","lemma":"δρηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονται","gloss":"attendants","note":"δρηστῆρες 'servants/retainers' who accompany the suitors from Dulichium."},{"surface":"ἕπονται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b16-l249","source":"ἐκ δὲ Σάμης πίσυρές τε καὶ εἴκοσι φῶτες ἔασιν,","translation":"from Same there are twenty-four men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σάμης","lemma":"σάμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Same"},{"surface":"πίσυρές","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"four","note":"πίσυρες, Aeolic/epic form of τέσσαρες 'four' — dialect variant preserved in formula."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"φῶτες","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b16-l250","source":"ἐκ δὲ Ζακύνθου ἔασιν ἐείκοσι κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"from Zacynthus there are twenty young Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζακύνθου","lemma":"Ζάκυνθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Zacynthus"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b16-l251","source":"ἐκ δʼ αὐτῆς Ἰθάκης δυοκαίδεκα πάντες ἄριστοι,","translation":"and from Ithaca itself twelve, all the best,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκης","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b16-l252","source":"καί σφιν ἅμʼ ἐστὶ Μέδων κῆρυξ καὶ θεῖος ἀοιδὸς","translation":"and with them is Medon the herald and the divine singer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Medon","note":"Medon is the loyal herald of Odysseus's household, sympathetic to Telemachus despite serving the suitors."},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέδων","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸς","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"singer"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b16-l253","source":"καὶ δοιὼ θεράποντε, δαήμονε δαιτροσυνάων.","translation":"and two attendants, skilled in carving meat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοιὼ","lemma":"δοιώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντε","gloss":"two","note":"δοιὼ, dual numeral 'two', matching the dual noun θεράποντε it modifies."},{"surface":"θεράποντε","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"δαήμονε","lemma":"δαήμων","morphology":"nominative dual adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντε","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"δαιτροσυνάων","lemma":"δαιτροσύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δαήμονε","gloss":"in carving meat","note":"δαιτροσυνάων 'skill in carving meat at feasts' — a specialized banquet craft-word."}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b16-l254","source":"τῶν εἴ κεν πάντων ἀντήσομεν ἔνδον ἐόντων,","translation":"If we meet all these while they are within,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντήσομεν","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀντήσομεν","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"we should meet"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντων","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being","note":"genitive absolute construction: 'while all of these are within'."}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b16-l255","source":"μὴ πολύπικρα καὶ αἰνὰ βίας ἀποτίσεαι ἐλθών.","translation":"I fear you may pay a bitter and terrible price for your violence when you come.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest","note":"μὴ introduces a fear-clause: 'I fear lest you pay for...'."},{"surface":"πολύπικρα","lemma":"πολύπικρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"very bitter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνὰ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτίσεαι","gloss":"for violence"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσεαι","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you pay the price"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποτίσεαι","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b16-l256","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ, εἰ δύνασαί τινʼ ἀμύντορα μερμηρίξαι,","translation":"But you, if you can think of some helper,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φράζευ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δύνασαί","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you can","note":"δύναμαι mid.-pass. in form but active sense, 'be able' — common deponent-like verb"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμύντορα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀμύντορα","lemma":"ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μερμηρίξαι","gloss":"helper","note":"ἀμύντωρ 'defender', from ἀμύνω 'ward off' — agent noun in -τωρ"},{"surface":"μερμηρίξαι","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνασαί","gloss":"think of"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b16-l257","source":"φράζευ, ὅ κέν τις νῶϊν ἀμύνοι πρόφρονι θυμῷ.","translation":"consider who might defend us two with a willing heart.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζευ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider","note":"φράζευ: 2nd sg. mid. imperative with epic -ευ ending (for -ου)"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύνοι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμύνοι","gloss":"us two","note":"νῶϊν: dual genitive/dative 'of/for us two' — dual number marks Telemachus and Odysseus as a pair"},{"surface":"ἀμύνοι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τιν᾽","gloss":"might defend","note":"optative with κέν expresses a potential 'might defend'"},{"surface":"πρόφρονι","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμύνοι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b16-l258","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας: fixed Homeric epithet of Odysseus, 'much-suffering'"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b16-l259","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω, σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μευ ἄκουσον·","translation":"\"Then I will tell you; mark it well and hear me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύνθεο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mark it","note":"σύνθεο: aor. mid. imperative of συντίθημι, 'put together (in mind)' = 'take note'"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄκουσον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b16-l260","source":"καὶ φράσαι ἤ κεν νῶϊν Ἀθήνη σὺν Διὶ πατρὶ","translation":"Consider whether Athena, together with father Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράσαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider","note":"φράσαι here is imperative despite the 'middle infinitive'-looking -αι ending — Homeric 2nd sg. aor. mid. imv."},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρκέσει","gloss":"us two","note":"νῶϊν here dative, object of upcoming ἀρκέσει ('will suffice for us two')"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀρκέσει","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b16-l261","source":"ἀρκέσει, ἦέ τινʼ ἄλλον ἀμύντορα μερμηρίξω.","translation":"will be enough for us two, or whether I should think of some other helper.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρκέσει","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦέ","gloss":"will suffice"},{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμύντορα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμύντορα","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀμύντορα","lemma":"ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μερμηρίξω","gloss":"helper"},{"surface":"μερμηρίξω","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦέ","gloss":"I should think of","note":"μερμηρίξω: aor. subjunctive (deliberative), 'should I think of' — parallel to ἀρκέσει in the ἦέ...ἦέ alternative question"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b16-l262","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος: perfect participle 'having good sense', standing epithet for Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b16-l263","source":"ἐσθλώ τοι τούτω γʼ ἐπαμύντορε, τοὺς ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"\"Truly these are noble defenders that you name,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλώ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble","note":"ἐσθλώ: dual form agreeing with the pair of defenders (Zeus and Athena)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τούτω","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπαμύντορε","gloss":"these two"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"ἐπαμύντορε","lemma":"ἐπαμύντωρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"defenders","note":"ἐπαμύντορε: dual of ἐπαμύντωρ 'helper', echoing ἀμύντωρ above"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐπαμύντορε","gloss":"you name"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b16-l264","source":"ὕψι περ ἐν νεφέεσσι καθημένω· ὥ τε καὶ ἄλλοις","translation":"though they sit high among the clouds; they who also rule over","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθημένω","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσι","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"καθημένω","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seated","note":"καθημένω: dual perfect participle, 'sitting', agreeing with Zeus and Athena"},{"surface":"ὥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κρατέουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b16-l265","source":"ἀνδράσι τε κρατέουσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι.","translation":"both other men and the immortal gods.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"κρατέουσι","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rule over","note":"κρατέουσι: uncontracted epic form of κρατοῦσι, 'they rule'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b16-l266","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"line b16-l266 repeats the formulaic verse b16-l258 verbatim — a Homeric type-scene tag for 'X replied'"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b16-l267","source":"οὐ μέν τοι κείνω γε πολὺν χρόνον ἀμφὶς ἔσεσθον","translation":"\"Those two will not for long stand apart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l267.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔσεσθον","title":"Dual verb form","body":"'ἔσεσθον' is the third-person dual future, 'the two of them will be.' The dual ending -τον/-σθον matches the two divine allies, Athena and Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"κείνω","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσεσθον","gloss":"those two","note":"κείνω: dual, referring to Zeus and Athena"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθον","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθον","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be","note":"ἔσεσθον: future dual 2nd/3rd person, 'the two of them will be'"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b16-l268","source":"φυλόπιδος κρατερῆς, ὁπότε μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἡμῖν","translation":"from the mighty battle-din, when between the suitors and us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυλόπιδος","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶς","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"κρατερῆς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φυλόπιδος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b16-l269","source":"ἐν μεγάροισιν ἐμοῖσι μένος κρίνηται Ἄρηος.","translation":"in my halls the fury of Ares is decided.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσι","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κρίνηται","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"κρίνηται","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁπότε","gloss":"is decided"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Ares","note":"μένος Ἄρηος 'the fury of Ares' = war itself, a Homeric periphrasis for battle"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b16-l270","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν ἔρχευ ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν","translation":"But go now at the showing of Dawn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l270.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν","title":"Dawn appearing","body":"Literally 'with Dawn appearing'; the suffix -φιν is an old instrumental/locative ending Homer uses freely. It marks the time at which Telemachus is to set out."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχευ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrastive)"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχευ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔρχευ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"φαινομένηφιν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"appearing","note":"φαινομένηφιν: instrumental/dative -φι(ν) ending, archaic epic case form"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b16-l271","source":"οἴκαδε, καὶ μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ὁμίλει·","translation":"home, and mingle with the arrogant suitors;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρχευ","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμίλει","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισιν","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"arrogant"},{"surface":"ὁμίλει","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mingle with"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b16-l272","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ προτὶ ἄστυ συβώτης ὕστερον ἄξει,","translation":"and the swineherd will bring me to the city later,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄξει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄξει","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄξει","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ἄξει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b16-l273","source":"πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠδὲ γέροντι.","translation":"looking like a wretched beggar and an old man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχῷ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῳ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχῷ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like","note":"ἐναλίγκιος + dative 'resembling' — Odysseus's beggar disguise motif"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b16-l274","source":"εἰ δέ μʼ ἀτιμήσουσι δόμον κάτα, σὸν δὲ φίλον κῆρ","translation":"And if they dishonor me throughout the house, let your own dear heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμήσουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀτιμήσουσι","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"dishonor"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout","note":"δόμον κάτα: preposition κατά postposed (anastrophe) after its object, common in epic verse"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τετλάτω","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b16-l275","source":"τετλάτω ἐν στήθεσσι κακῶς πάσχοντος ἐμεῖο,","translation":"endure within your breast while I am badly treated,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l275.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετλάτω","title":"Imperative of endurance","body":"'τετλάτω' is a third-person perfect imperative, 'let it endure.' The perfect of τλάω carries present force, the settled state of endurance Odysseus demands of his son."}],"words":[{"surface":"τετλάτω","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it endure","note":"τετλάτω: perfect imperative of τλάω 'endure', rare tense for a command — stresses settled resolve"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχοντος","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"πάσχοντος","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τετλάτω","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάσχοντος","gloss":"I","note":"ἐμεῖο: genitive absolute-like use, 'while I am suffering'"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b16-l276","source":"ἤν περ καὶ διὰ δῶμα ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε","translation":"even if they drag me by the feet through the house to the door","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλκωσι","gloss":"by the feet","note":"ποδῶν: genitive of the part grabbed, 'by the feet' — idiomatic genitive with verbs of dragging"},{"surface":"ἕλκωσι","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"they drag"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἕλκωσι","gloss":"to the door"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b16-l277","source":"ἢ βέλεσι βάλλωσι· σὺ δʼ εἰσορόων ἀνέχεσθαι.","translation":"or pelt me with missiles; but you, looking on, hold yourself in check.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βέλεσι","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλλωσι","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"βάλλωσι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"pelt"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέχεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέχεσθαι","gloss":"looking on"},{"surface":"ἀνέχεσθαι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold yourself in check","note":"ἀνέχεσθαι infinitive used as an imperative, a common Homeric idiom"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b16-l278","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι παύεσθαι ἀνωγέμεν ἀφροσυνάων,","translation":"Still, urge them to cease from their folly,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"παύεσθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνωγέμεν","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"ἀνωγέμεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge","note":"ἀνωγέμεν: epic infinitive of ἄνωγα (perfect with present sense, 'command')"},{"surface":"ἀφροσυνάων","lemma":"ἀφροσύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of παύεσθαι","gloss":"folly"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b16-l279","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παραυδῶν· οἱ δέ τοι οὔ τι","translation":"speaking them fair with gentle words; yet they will not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειλιχίοις","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παραυδῶν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"παραυδῶν","lemma":"παραυδάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνωγέμεν","gloss":"speaking fair"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείσονται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"object of πείσονται","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πείσονται","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b16-l280","source":"πείσονται· δὴ γάρ σφι παρίσταται αἴσιμον ἦμαρ.","translation":"obey you, for now their day of doom stands near.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πείσονται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρίσταται","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"παρίσταται","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands near","note":"παρίσταται: vivid present for imminent future, 'is (already) standing beside them'"},{"surface":"αἴσιμον","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"appointed"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of παρίσταται","gloss":"day","note":"αἴσιμον ἦμαρ 'appointed day' = day of fate/doom, a common Homeric formula"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b16-l281","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·","translation":"And another thing I will tell you; lay it to your heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρεσί: dative plural 'in your wits/heart', body-part idiom for inner thought"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay it"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b16-l282","source":"ὁππότε κεν πολύβουλος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῇσιν Ἀθήνη,","translation":"When Athena of many counsels puts it in my mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πολύβουλος","lemma":"πολύβουλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"of many counsels","note":"πολύβουλος: epithet of Athena, 'of many counsels/plans'"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"θῇσιν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"puts"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"ʼἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θῇσιν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b16-l283","source":"νεύσω μέν τοι ἐγὼ κεφαλῇ, σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα νοήσας","translation":"I will nod my head to you, and then, when you notice it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεύσω","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will nod","note":"νεύσω: aor./fut. of νεύω 'nod', signaling Odysseus's secret signal to Telemachus"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of νεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νεύσω","gloss":"with my head"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καταθεῖναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταθεῖναι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νοήσας","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καταθεῖναι","gloss":"noticing"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b16-l284","source":"ὅσσα τοι ἐν μεγάροισιν Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα κεῖται","translation":"all the weapons of war that lie in the halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"as many as","note":"ὅσος 'as many as' launches a relative clause of quantity, agreeing with τεύχεα."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls","note":"μέγαρον, the great hall of the house; epic dative plural μεγάροισιν."},{"surface":"Ἀρήϊα","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of war","note":"Ἀρήϊος 'of Ares' as a formulaic epithet for weapons — war-gear."},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"lie"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b16-l285","source":"ἐς μυχὸν ὑψηλοῦ θαλάμου καταθεῖναι ἀείρας","translation":"take them up and lay them away in a corner of the high chamber,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μυχὸν","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the recess"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῦ","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάμου","gloss":"of the high"},{"surface":"θαλάμου","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μυχὸν","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"καταθεῖναι","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to put away","note":"aorist infinitive of κατατίθημι, 'lay down/store'; depends on an implied command verb."},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καταθεῖναι","gloss":"lifting them","note":"aorist participle 'having lifted' precedes the main verb — action completed before storing."}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b16-l286","source":"πάντα μάλʼ· αὐτὰρ μνηστῆρας μαλακοῖς ἐπέεσσι","translation":"every one; and the suitors, with soft words,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρφάσθαι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"μαλακοῖς","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρφάσθαι","gloss":"with words","note":"ἔπος here in its epic sense 'word/speech,' dative of means with μαλακοῖς — 'soft words.'"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b16-l287","source":"παρφάσθαι, ὅτε κέν σε μεταλλῶσιν ποθέοντες·","translation":"win over, when they ask after them, missing them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρφάσθαι","lemma":"παράφημι","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"win over","note":"παράφημι 'talk around, deceive' — persuasive-speech verb governing μνηστῆρας from the prior line."},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of μεταλλῶσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μεταλλῶσιν","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they ask after","note":"subjunctive with ἄν/κέν after ὅτε marks a general/future condition — 'whenever they ask.'"},{"surface":"ποθέοντες","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μεταλλῶσιν","gloss":"missing, longing for"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b16-l288","source":"ἐκ καπνοῦ κατέθηκʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τοῖσιν\n                        ἐῴκει","translation":"'I put them out of the smoke, since they no longer looked like","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"καπνοῦ","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the smoke","note":"Part of the excuse Odysseus is scripting for Telemachus to tell the suitors — not an excuse Odysseus himself gives; the whole speech (lines 284-307) is Odysseus instructing his son."},{"surface":"κατέθηκ","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I put away"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"resembled","note":"pluperfect of ἔοικα functions as an imperfect: 'no longer looked like (what they had been).'"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b16-l289","source":"οἷά ποτε Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"what they were when Odysseus left them on going to Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of κατέλειπεν","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to κατέλειπεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Τροίηνδε","lemma":"Τροίανδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"to Troy","note":"directional suffix -δε on Τροίη gives 'to/toward Troy' without a preposition, a common epic device."},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέλειπεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατέλειπεν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖσιν","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέλειπεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b16-l290","source":"ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή.","translation":"but are tarnished, as far as the fire's breath reached them.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατῄκισται","lemma":"καταικίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"are tarnished","note":"καταικίζω 'disfigure, spoil' — perfect passive, the weapons' current ruined state."},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀϋτμή","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to κατῄκισται","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἀϋτμή","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"breath, blast"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b16-l291","source":"πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε Κρονίων,","translation":"And besides, the son of Cronos put this greater thought in my mind:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides","note":"πρός used adverbially ('in addition') rather than as a preposition here."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind, heart"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"Κρονίων, epic patronymic epithet for Zeus — 'son of Cronos.'"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b16-l292","source":"μή πως οἰνωθέντες, ἔριν στήσαντες ἐν ὑμῖν,","translation":"lest somehow, made drunk and starting a quarrel among yourselves,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l292.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οἰνωθέντες","title":"Aorist passive participle","body":"'οἰνωθέντες' is an aorist passive participle, 'having been made drunk with wine.' Participles like this compactly add circumstance to the main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"οἰνωθέντες","lemma":"οἰνόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"made drunk"},{"surface":"ἔριν","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of στήσαντες","gloss":"a quarrel"},{"surface":"στήσαντες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"starting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"yourselves"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b16-l293","source":"ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα","translation":"you wound one another and bring shame upon the feast","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τρώσητε","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τρώσητε","lemma":"τιτρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"you wound","note":"aorist subjunctive after μή πως — fear-clause construction: 'lest you wound.'"},{"surface":"καταισχύνητέ","lemma":"καταισχύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the feast"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b16-l294","source":"καὶ μνηστύν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σίδηρος.","translation":"and the wooing; for iron of itself draws a man on.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστύν","lemma":"μνηστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the wooing"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"itself, of itself"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐφέλκεται","lemma":"ἐφέλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draws on","note":"Proverb-like line within Odysseus's speech to Telemachus, giving his own rationale for hiding the weapons (to be enacted by Telemachus) — not Telemachus's own rationale."},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφέλκεται","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"σίδηρος","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφέλκεται","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b16-l295","source":"νῶϊν δʼ οἴοισιν δύο φάσγανα καὶ δύο δοῦρε","translation":"But for us two alone leave two swords and two spears","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλλιπέειν","gloss":"for us two","note":"νῶϊν, dual dative pronoun 'for us two' — marks Odysseus and Telemachus acting as a pair."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἴοισιν","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φάσγανα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"φάσγανα","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spears","note":"δοῦρε, dual accusative of δόρυ — grammatical dual matching 'two spears.'"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b16-l296","source":"καλλιπέειν καὶ δοιὰ βοάγρια χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι,","translation":"and two oxhide shields to take up in our hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλλιπέειν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοιὰ","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βοάγρια","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"βοάγρια","lemma":"βοάγριον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oxhide shields"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"in hand"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies βοάγρια","gloss":"to seize"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b16-l297","source":"ὡς ἂν ἐπιθύσαντες ἑλοίμεθα· τοὺς δέ κʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"so that we may rush in and seize them; and those men afterward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ἐπιθύσαντες","lemma":"ἐπιθύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλοίμεθα","gloss":"rushing on"},{"surface":"ἑλοίμεθα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"we may seize","note":"optative with ἄν expresses purpose/potential — 'so that we might seize (them).'"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of θέλξει","gloss":"those men"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέλξει","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b16-l298","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη θέλξει καὶ μητίετα Ζεύς.","translation":"Pallas Athena and Zeus the counselor will bewitch.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas","note":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη, standard epic double-name formula for Athena."},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"θέλξει","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bewitch"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"counselor","note":"μητίετα, epic epithet 'the counselor' fixed to Zeus."},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b16-l299","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·","translation":"And another thing I will tell you; lay it to your heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart, mind"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay, cast","note":"middle imperative βάλλεο 'put (for yourself)' — idiom 'lay to heart' meaning 'take note.'"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b16-l300","source":"εἰ ἐτεόν γʼ ἐμός ἐσσι καὶ αἵματος ἡμετέροιο,","translation":"If you are truly mine and of our blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l300.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἵματος ἡμετέροιο","title":"Genitive of origin","body":"'αἵματος ἡμετέροιο' (of our blood) is a genitive marking source or origin. Greek uses the genitive to express what someone is descended from."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμός","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of blood","note":"genitive of blood-kinship: 'of our blood' — proof of true descent, tested by Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἵματος","gloss":"of our"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b16-l301","source":"μή τις ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀκουσάτω ἔνδον ἐόντος,","translation":"let no one then hear that Odysseus is within,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκουσάτω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκουσάτω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐόντος","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀκουσάτω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"3rd-person aorist imperative ἀκουσάτω — a direct command in the third person, common in Homeric prohibitions."},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἀκουσάτω","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b16-l302","source":"μήτʼ οὖν Λαέρτης ἴστω τό γε μήτε συβώτης","translation":"let neither Laertes know it nor the swineherd","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴστω","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let know","note":"perfect ἴστω (from οἶδα) used as imperative 'let him know' — perfect with present force."},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴστω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the swineherd"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b16-l303","source":"μήτε τις οἰκήων μήτʼ αὐτὴ Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"nor any of the household nor Penelope herself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"οἰκήων","lemma":"οἰκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the household"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b16-l304","source":"ἀλλʼ οἶοι σύ τʼ ἐγώ τε γυναικῶν γνώομεν ἰθύν·","translation":"but only you and I; let us learn the women's leanings,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἶοι","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἰθύν","gloss":"of the women"},{"surface":"γνώομεν","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us learn","note":"aorist subjunctive of γιγνώσκω, hortatory: 'let us come to know.'"},{"surface":"ἰθύν","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γνώομεν","gloss":"disposition, leaning"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b16-l305","source":"καί κέ τεο δμώων ἀνδρῶν ἔτι πειρηθεῖμεν,","translation":"and we might also test some of the menservants,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"τεο","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the menservants"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρηθεῖμεν","gloss":"still, also"},{"surface":"πειρηθεῖμεν","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we might test","note":"aorist passive optative πειρηθεῖμεν used actively in sense, 'we might make trial of' — potential wish."}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b16-l306","source":"ἠμὲν ὅπου τις νῶϊ τίει καὶ δείδιε θυμῷ,","translation":"to see where any man honors us and fears us in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅπου","lemma":"ὅπου","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"us two","note":"νῶϊ, dual accusative — Odysseus and Telemachus tested together as a pair."},{"surface":"τίει","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"honors"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δείδιε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fears","note":"perfect δείδιε with present meaning, 'is afraid' — common Homeric perfect-as-present verb."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δείδιε","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b16-l307","source":"ἠδʼ ὅτις οὐκ ἀλέγει, σὲ δʼ ἀτιμᾷ τοῖον ἐόντα.","translation":"and who pays no heed and dishonors you, such a man as you are.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλέγει","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"heeds"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμᾷ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀτιμᾷ","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"dishonors"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being","note":"τοῖον ἐόντα, 'being such (as you are)' — a concessive/descriptive participial phrase."}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b16-l308","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε φαίδιμος υἱός","translation":"Then his glorious son answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious","note":"φαίδιμος υἱός, formulaic epic epithet-noun pairing 'glorious son,' used of Telemachus."},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b16-l309","source":"ὦ πάτερ, ἦ τοι ἐμὸν θυμὸν καὶ ἔπειτά γʼ, ὀΐω,","translation":"\"Father, you will come to know my spirit hereafter, I think;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father","note":"vocative πάτερ, direct address opening Telemachus's reply to Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γνώσεαι","gloss":"spirit, heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔπειτά","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνώσεαι","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b16-l310","source":"γνώσεαι· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι χαλιφροσύναι γέ μʼ ἔχουσιν·","translation":"no foolishness holds me at all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώσεαι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know","note":"future middle γνώσεαι, uncontracted epic 2nd-singular ending (-εαι) — 'you will come to know.'"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"χαλιφροσύναι","lemma":"χαλιφροσύνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"foolishness"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b16-l311","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ τοι τόδε κέρδος ἐγὼν ἔσσεσθαι ὀΐω","translation":"But I do not think this plan will turn to profit","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κέρδος","title":"Profit, gain","body":"'κέρδος' means gain or advantage, often with a shrewd, calculating edge. Telemachus weighs the plan in terms of practical benefit for both of them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεσθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κέρδος","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"profit, gain"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀΐω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔσσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will be","note":"future infinitive ἔσσεσθαι in indirect statement after ὀΐω, 'I think that... will be.'"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b16-l312","source":"ἡμῖν ἀμφοτέροισι· σὲ δὲ φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα.","translation":"for the two of us; I urge you to consider it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεσθαι","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμῖν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φράζεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράζεσθαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to consider","note":"middle infinitive 'consider for yourself' after a verb of urging"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge","note":"ἄνωγα is perfect in form but present in force, epic 'command/urge'"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b16-l313","source":"δηθὰ γὰρ αὔτως εἴσῃ ἑκάστου πειρητίζων,","translation":"For you would waste a long time testing each man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσῃ","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσῃ","gloss":"vainly"},{"surface":"εἴσῃ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will go","note":"εἶμι (\"to go\") used periphrastically with the participle πειρητίζων: literally \"you will go testing each one,\" i.e. \"you'll spend a long time uselessly testing each one\" — not a form of εἰμί \"to be\""},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πειρητίζων","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"πειρητίζων","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"testing"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b16-l314","source":"ἔργα μετερχόμενος· τοὶ δʼ ἐν μεγάροισιν ἕκηλοι","translation":"going round the farms, while they at ease in the halls","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετερχόμενος","gloss":"farms/lands","note":"ἔργα = 'works/fields' in the sense of countryside plots, object of going round"},{"surface":"μετερχόμενος","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"going about"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b16-l315","source":"χρήματα δαρδάπτουσιν ὑπέρβιον οὐδʼ ἔπι φειδώ.","translation":"devour your goods recklessly, and there is no sparing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρήματα","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"δαρδάπτουσιν","lemma":"δαρδάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour","note":"δαρδάπτω, vivid reduplicated verb, 'gobble up' — used of the suitors' greed"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιον","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon/at all","note":"ἔπι here is postpositive/anastrophe with οὐδέ, idiom 'nor is there any sparing at all'"},{"surface":"φειδώ","lemma":"φειδώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sparing"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b16-l316","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοί σε γυναῖκας ἐγὼ δεδάασθαι ἄνωγα,","translation":"But I do urge you to find out about the women,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δεδάασθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δεδάασθαι","gloss":"the women"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δεδάασθαι","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to find out","note":"δεδάασθαι, reduplicated aorist middle of δάω 'learn/know', epic form"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b16-l317","source":"αἵ τέ σʼ ἀτιμάζουσι καὶ αἳ νηλείτιδές εἰσιν·","translation":"which of them dishonor you and which are guiltless.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζουσι","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dishonor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νηλείτιδές","lemma":"νηλεῖτις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guiltless","note":"rare feminine noun-adjective νηλεῖτις 'blameless one', predicate of εἰσιν"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b16-l318","source":"ἀνδρῶν δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ γε κατὰ σταθμοὺς ἐθέλοιμι","translation":"As for the men, I would not be willing to go round the farms","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πειράζειν","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"οὐκ ἂν ... ἐθέλοιμι, potential optative for polite/hypothetical refusal"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among/through"},{"surface":"σταθμοὺς","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κατὰ","gloss":"the farms"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be willing"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b16-l319","source":"ἡμέας πειράζειν, ἀλλʼ ὕστερα ταῦτα πένεσθαι,","translation":"to test them; let us see to that later,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"πειράζειν","lemma":"πειράζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"to test"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕστερα","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πένεσθαι","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πένεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πένεσθαι","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"to attend to","note":"πένεσθαι middle 'busy oneself with/see to', deferred task idiom"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b16-l320","source":"εἰ ἐτεόν γέ τι οἶσθα Διὸς τέρας αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"if you really know some sign from Zeus who bears the aegis.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οἶσθα","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to οἶσθα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἶσθα","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγίοχος, fixed Homeric epithet of Zeus, 'holding the aegis'"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b16-l321","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were saying"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b16-l322","source":"ἡ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτʼ Ἰθάκηνδε κατήγετο νηῦς εὐεργής,","translation":"and meanwhile the well-built ship was putting in to Ithaca,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she","note":"the ship, feminine ναῦς — scene shifts back to the crew's ship"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατήγετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκηνδε","lemma":"Ἰθάκηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κατήγετο","gloss":"to Ithaca","note":"directional suffix -δε 'to/toward Ithaca', common Homeric motion-marker"},{"surface":"κατήγετο","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was putting in"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"εὐεργής","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b16-l323","source":"ἣ φέρε Τηλέμαχον Πυλόθεν καὶ πάντας ἑταίρους.","translation":"the one that had brought Telemachus from Pylos and all his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"was bringing"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"Πυλόθεν","lemma":"Πυλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"from Pylos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b16-l324","source":"οἱ δʼ ὅτε δὴ λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντὸς ἵκοντο,","translation":"And when they had come inside the deep harbor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐντὸς","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"πολυβενθέος","lemma":"πολυβενθής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμένος","gloss":"deep","note":"πολυβενθής, compound epic epithet 'very deep', used of harbors"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they came"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b16-l325","source":"νῆα μὲν οἵ γε μέλαιναν ἐπʼ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν,","translation":"they hauled the black ship up onto the dry land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔρυσσαν","title":"Aorist with doubled sigma","body":"'ἔρυσσαν' is the aorist 'they dragged,' with the doubled sigma typical of Homeric forms. It describes the standard act of beaching a ship."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the mainland/shore"},{"surface":"ἔρυσσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hauled up"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b16-l326","source":"τεύχεα δέ σφʼ ἀπένεικαν ὑπέρθυμοι θεράποντες,","translation":"and the proud attendants carried off their gear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπένεικαν","gloss":"gear"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπένεικαν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ἀπένεικαν","lemma":"ἀποφέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμοι","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπένεικαν","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b16-l327","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐς Κλυτίοιο φέρον περικαλλέα δῶρα.","translation":"and at once bore the lovely gifts to the house of Clytius.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Κλυτίοιο","lemma":"Κλύτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Clytius","note":"genitive with house understood: 'to (the house) of Clytius'"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they bore"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b16-l328","source":"αὐτὰρ κήρυκα πρόεσαν δόμον εἰς Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"Then they sent a herald to the house of Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρόεσαν","gloss":"a herald"},{"surface":"πρόεσαν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sent"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b16-l329","source":"ἀγγελίην ἐρέοντα περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ,","translation":"to give a message to wise Penelope,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a message"},{"surface":"ἐρέοντα","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"περίφρονι","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων, epithet 'circumspect/prudent', regularly paired with Penelope"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρέοντα","gloss":"to Penelope"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b16-l330","source":"οὕνεκα Τηλέμαχος μὲν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ, νῆα δʼ ἀνώγει","translation":"that Telemachus was in the country, but had ordered the ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the country"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀποπλείειν","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"had ordered"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b16-l331","source":"ἄστυδʼ ἀποπλείειν, ἵνα μὴ δείσασʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"should sail back to the town, so that the queen would not, afraid in her heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυδ","lemma":"ἄστυδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀποπλείειν","gloss":"to the city","note":"directional -δε suffix again, 'to town'"},{"surface":"ἀποπλείειν","lemma":"ἀποπλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to sail back"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δείσασ","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἴβοι","gloss":"having feared"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"her heart"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b16-l332","source":"ἰφθίμη βασίλεια τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβοι","translation":"the noble queen, let a tender tear fall down her cheek.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴβοι","title":"Optative in a purpose clause","body":"The optative εἴβοι ('might shed') follows ἵνα μή in a purpose clause set in past time. After a past main verb, Greek shifts purpose-clause verbs from subjunctive to optative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰφθίμη","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βασίλεια","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"βασίλεια","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴβοι","gloss":"the queen"},{"surface":"τέρεν","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυον","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατά here adverbial 'down' with δάκρυον, common Homeric tmesis-style phrase 'let fall a tear down'"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴβοι","gloss":"a tear"},{"surface":"εἴβοι","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"let fall","note":"optative of wish/purpose after ἵνα μή, 'so that she would not shed a tear'"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b16-l333","source":"τὼ δὲ συναντήτην κῆρυξ καὶ δῖος ὑφορβὸς","translation":"And the two met, the herald and the noble swineherd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"συναντήτην","title":"Dual verb form","body":"συναντήτην is a dual (third-person, two subjects): 'the two of them met.' Homer uses the dual for natural pairs like these two messengers."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the two","note":"dual number τώ, used for exactly two people meeting"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συναντήτην","lemma":"συναντάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met","note":"dual verb form matching the two subjects, herald and swineherd"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβὸς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβὸς","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b16-l334","source":"τῆς αὐτῆς ἕνεκʼ ἀγγελίης, ἐρέοντε γυναικί.","translation":"on the same errand, to deliver word to the woman.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ἐρέοντε","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to συναντήτην","gloss":"about to tell","note":"dual future participle, matching the two men both bound to speak"},{"surface":"γυναικί","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρέοντε","gloss":"to the woman"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b16-l335","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκοντο δόμον θείου βασιλῆος,","translation":"But when they reached the house of the godlike king,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they reached"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"θείου","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of the king"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b16-l336","source":"κῆρυξ μέν ῥα μέσῃσι μετὰ δμῳῇσιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"the herald spoke out in the midst of the serving women:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέσῃσι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the midst"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσιν","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"serving women"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b16-l337","source":"ἤδη τοι, βασίλεια, φίλος πάϊς εἰλήλουθε.","translation":"\"Your dear son, my queen, has already come home.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἰλήλουθε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"βασίλεια","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰλήλουθε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come","note":"εἰλήλουθε, reduplicated perfect of ἔρχομαι, epic 'has arrived'"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b16-l338","source":"Πηνελοπείῃ δʼ εἶπε συβώτης ἄγχι παραστὰς","translation":"But the swineherd stood close to Penelope and told her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"to Penelope"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραστὰς","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"standing by"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b16-l339","source":"πάνθʼ ὅσα οἱ φίλος υἱὸς ἀνώγει μυθήσασθαι.","translation":"all that her dear son had bidden him say.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάνθ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάνθ᾽","gloss":"had bidden"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to tell"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b16-l340","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πᾶσαν ἐφημοσύνην ἀπέειπε,","translation":"Then, when he had delivered the whole charge laid on him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐφημοσύνην","gloss":"whole, all"},{"surface":"ἐφημοσύνην","lemma":"ἐφημοσύνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέειπε","gloss":"charge, instructions","note":"rare noun 'charge laid on one'; epic vocabulary for a message/task"},{"surface":"ἀπέειπε","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had delivered","note":"ἀπεῖπον here means 'spoke out, delivered' not its usual 'refuse'"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b16-l341","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεναι μεθʼ ὕας, λίπε δʼ ἕρκεά τε μέγαρόν τε.","translation":"he set off to go back to his pigs, leaving the courtyards and the hall.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went","note":"epic aorist βῆ + infinitive ἴμεναι = 'set off to go', a common Homeric idiom"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, toward"},{"surface":"ὕας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μεθ᾽","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he left"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρκεά","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"courtyards"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγαρόν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs the two nouns 'courtyards and hall' - classic epic correlative"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b16-l342","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἀκάχοντο κατήφησάν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"But the suitors were grieved and downcast in their hearts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκάχοντο","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were grieved"},{"surface":"κατήφησάν","lemma":"κατηφέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were downcast","note":"κατηφέω 'be downcast/ashamed', paired with ἀκάχοντο for emotional intensity"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b16-l343","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἦλθον μεγάροιο παρὲκ μέγα τειχίον αὐλῆς,","translation":"and they came out of the hall, past the great wall of the courtyard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"παρὲκ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past, beyond","note":"παρέξ 'past, alongside' - governs τειχίον as if a preposition despite being adverbial in form"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τειχίον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τειχίον","lemma":"τειχίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὲκ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τειχίον","gloss":"of the courtyard"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b16-l344","source":"αὐτοῦ δὲ προπάροιθε θυράων ἑδριόωντο.","translation":"and there, right in front of the gates, they sat down.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑδριόωντο","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"ἑδριόωντο","lemma":"ἑδριάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat down","note":"uncontracted epic form ἑδριόωντο of ἑδριάω, imperfect - the '-όω-' spread is typical Homeric metrical lengthening"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b16-l345","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν·","translation":"Among them Eurymachus, son of Polybus, began to speak:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύειν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"to speak","note":"ἄρχω + infinitive 'began to X', a common epic speech-introduction formula"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b16-l346","source":"ὦ φίλοι, ἦ μέγα ἔργον ὑπερφιάλως τετέλεσται","translation":"\"My friends, truly a great deed has been brought off, in arrogant style,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends","note":"vocative address formula opening direct speech, typical of Homeric assemblies"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετέλεσται","gloss":"arrogantly"},{"surface":"τετέλεσται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been accomplished","note":"perfect passive τετέλεσται stresses the completed, irreversible result - the journey succeeded"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b16-l347","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ ὁδὸς ἥδε· φάμεν δέ οἱ οὐ τελέεσθαι.","translation":"this journey of Telemachus; we said it would never come to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τετέλεσται","gloss":"for Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ὁδὸς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φάμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we said"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τελέεσθαι","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τελέεσθαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φάμεν","gloss":"would be accomplished","note":"future infinitive after φάμεν - indirect statement expressing their failed expectation"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b16-l348","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῆα μέλαιναν ἐρύσσομεν ἥ τις ἀρίστη,","translation":"But come, let us drag down a black ship, the best there is,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l348.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐρύσσομεν","title":"Hortatory subjunctive","body":"ἐρύσσομεν here is a short-vowel aorist subjunctive used hortatively: 'let us drag down.' Homer often uses this first-person plural to urge group action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε, exhortation particle urging action - very common Homeric call-to-arms opener"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσομεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us drag down","note":"hortatory subjunctive, 1st plural - 'let us...'"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"ever, whatever"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b16-l349","source":"ἐς δʼ ἐρέτας ἁλιῆας ἀγείρομεν, οἵ κε τάχιστα","translation":"and gather sea-rowers, who as quickly as possible","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in, into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέτας","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rowers"},{"surface":"ἁλιῆας","lemma":"ἁλιεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγείρομεν","gloss":"sea-men","note":"ἐρέτας ἁλιῆας is a doubled epithet-noun pair, 'sea-rowers', typical epic redundancy for emphasis"},{"surface":"ἀγείρομεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us gather"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγγείλωσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγγείλωσι","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b16-l350","source":"κείνοις ἀγγείλωσι θοῶς οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι.","translation":"may tell those men to hurry back home.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνοις","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀγγείλωσι","gloss":"to those men"},{"surface":"ἀγγείλωσι","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἁλιῆας","gloss":"may tell"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"homeward","note":"οἶκόνδε: directional suffix -δε 'to/toward home', a productive epic motion-ending"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀγγείλωσι","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b16-l351","source":"οὔ πω πᾶν εἴρηθʼ, ὅτʼ ἄρʼ Ἀμφίνομος ἴδε νῆα,","translation":"Not all had been said when Amphinomus caught sight of the ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἴρηθ᾽","gloss":"all, everything"},{"surface":"εἴρηθ","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been said","note":"pluperfect passive εἴρηθ᾽ marks action complete before the interrupting ὅτε clause - 'not all had yet been said when...'"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ᾽","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the ship"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b16-l352","source":"στρεφθεὶς ἐκ χώρης, λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντός,","translation":"turning round from where he sat, inside the deep harbor,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στρεφθεὶς","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"turning","note":"aorist passive participle - 'having turned round', describing Amphinomus's motion as he spots the ship"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χώρης","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"his seat, spot"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐντός","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"πολυβενθέος","lemma":"πολυβενθής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμένος","gloss":"deep","note":"epic compound adjective 'much-deep', a formulaic harbor epithet"},{"surface":"ἐντός","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside, within"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b16-l353","source":"ἱστία τε στέλλοντας ἐρετμά τε χερσὶν ἔχοντας.","translation":"as the men furled the sails and held the oars in their hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στέλλοντας","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στέλλοντας","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"furling"},{"surface":"ἐρετμά","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντας","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντας","gloss":"in hands"},{"surface":"ἔχοντας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b16-l354","source":"ἡδὺ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐκγελάσας μετεφώνεεν οἷς ἑτάροισι·","translation":"Laughing sweetly, he spoke out among his companions:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκγελάσας","gloss":"sweetly","note":"neuter adjective ἡδὺ used adverbially with ἐκγελάσας - 'laughing sweetly', a vivid Homeric touch"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκγελάσας","lemma":"ἐκγελάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεφώνεεν","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"μετεφώνεεν","lemma":"μεταφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke out"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετεφώνεεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b16-l355","source":"μή τινʼ ἔτʼ ἀγγελίην ὀτρύνομεν· οἵδε γὰρ\n                     ἔνδον.","translation":"\"Let us no longer rouse any message; these men are home.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνομεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνομεν","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνομεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us urge, rouse","note":"aorist subjunctive, hortatory - 'let us no longer rouse/send any message'; ὀτρύνω is 'urge on, rouse, incite' (matches the published translation's 'rouse'), not simply 'send'"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"home, indoors"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b16-l356","source":"ἤ τίς σφιν τόδʼ ἔειπε θεῶν, ἢ εἴσιδον αὐτοὶ","translation":"Either some god told them this, or they themselves saw","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods","note":"partitive genitive with τίς - 'someone of the gods', i.e. 'some god'"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἴσιδον","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b16-l357","source":"νῆα παρερχομένην, τὴν δʼ οὐκ ἐδύναντο κιχῆναι.","translation":"the ship as it passed by, and could not overtake it.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσιδον","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"παρερχομένην","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"passing by"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κιχῆναι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they were able"},{"surface":"κιχῆναι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"to overtake"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b16-l358","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἀνστάντες ἔβαν ἐπὶ θῖνα\n                  θαλάσσης,","translation":"So he spoke, and they rose and went to the shore of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"formulaic line-opener ὣς ἔφατ(ο) closing a speech, extremely common across Homer"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνστάντες","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"rising up"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b16-l359","source":"αἶψα δὲ νῆα μέλαιναν ἐπʼ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν,","translation":"and at once they drew the black ship up onto the dry land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black","note":"stock epithet 'black ship' (νῆα μέλαιναν), a Homeric formula repeated verbatim from l348"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the dry land"},{"surface":"ἔρυσσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they drew up"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b16-l360","source":"τεύχεα δέ σφʼ ἀπένεικαν ὑπέρθυμοι θεράποντες.","translation":"and their high-spirited attendants carried off their gear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπένεικαν","gloss":"gear, armor"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπένεικαν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ἀπένεικαν","lemma":"ἀποφέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμοι","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"high-spirited","note":"stock epithet for attendants/warriors, 'over-spirited' - formulaic epic adjective"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπένεικαν","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b16-l361","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν κίον ἀθρόοι, οὐδέ τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"They themselves went in a body to the place of assembly, and no one else,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a body","note":"ἀθρόοι 'crowded together, in a mass' - emphasizes the suitors moving as one group"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεταΐζειν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b16-l362","source":"εἴων οὔτε νέων μεταΐζειν οὔτε γερόντων.","translation":"young or old, did they allow to sit among them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴων","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they allowed"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"the young"},{"surface":"μεταΐζειν","lemma":"μεταίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴων","gloss":"to sit among them"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"γερόντων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"the old"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b16-l363","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"And among them Antinous spoke, the son of Eupeithes:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b16-l364","source":"ὢ πόποι, ὡς τόνδʼ ἄνδρα θεοὶ κακότητος\n                     ἔλυσαν.","translation":"\"For shame, how the gods have freed this man from ruin!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l364.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὢ πόποι","title":"An exclamation of dismay","body":"ὢ πόποι is a formulaic cry of indignation or astonishment, here close to 'damn it' or 'for shame.' It marks a speaker's shock at how events have gone."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"for shame","note":"ὢ πόποι - stock exclamation of shock/indignation opening Antinous's angry speech"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσαν","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"from ruin","note":"genitive of separation with λύω 'freed from' - the standard case for verbs of releasing"},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have freed"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b16-l365","source":"ἤματα μὲν σκοποὶ ἷζον ἐπʼ ἄκριας ἠνεμοέσσας","translation":"By day our scouts sat on the windy headlands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἷζον","gloss":"by day","note":"accusative of duration/time ἤματα 'through the days' - marks extent of the watch"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σκοποὶ","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἷζον","gloss":"scouts"},{"surface":"ἷζον","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat, kept watch"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἄκριας","lemma":"ἄκρις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"ἠνεμοέσσας","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκριας","gloss":"windy"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b16-l366","source":"αἰὲν ἐπασσύτεροι· ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι","translation":"always one after another; and when the sun went down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπασσύτεροι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐπασσύτεροι","lemma":"ἐπασσύτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one after another","note":"ἐπασσύτεροι 'in close succession' describes scouts relieving each other continuously"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b16-l367","source":"οὔ ποτʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου νύκτʼ ἄσαμεν, ἀλλʼ ἐνὶ πόντῳ","translation":"we never spent the night on land, but out on the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἄσαμεν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"νύκτ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄσαμεν","gloss":"the night"},{"surface":"ἄσαμεν","lemma":"ἄεσα","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we spent","note":"ἄεσα, rare epic aorist 'passed the night' - unrelated to εἰμί/εἶδον, a distinct root worth flagging"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, in"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b16-l368","source":"νηῒ θοῇ πλείοντες ἐμίμνομεν Ἠῶ δῖαν,","translation":"sailing in our swift ship, we waited for the bright Dawn,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l368.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἠῶ δῖαν","title":"Epithet of Dawn","body":"Ἠώς (Dawn) carries the formulaic epithet δῖα, 'bright, divine.' Such fixed name-and-epithet pairs are a hallmark of Homer's oral style."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πλείοντες","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πλείοντες","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίμνομεν","gloss":"sailing"},{"surface":"ἐμίμνομεν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we waited for"},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμίμνομεν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"bright, divine","note":"δῖος/δῖα is a stock divine epithet, here 'bright Dawn' as a personified goddess-figure"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b16-l369","source":"Τηλέμαχον λοχόωντες, ἵνα φθίσωμεν ἑλόντες","translation":"lying in wait for Telemachus, to seize and kill","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λοχόωντες","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"λοχόωντες","lemma":"λοχάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίμνομεν","gloss":"lying in wait","note":"Epic present participle λοχάω 'lie in ambush', vivid ambush-scene verb."},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φθίσωμεν","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"we might kill","note":"Aorist subjunctive of purpose after ἵνα, 'so that we might kill'."},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθίσωμεν","gloss":"seizing"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b16-l370","source":"αὐτόν· τὸν δʼ ἄρα τῆος ἀπήγαγεν οἴκαδε δαίμων,","translation":"the man himself; but meanwhile a god has brought him home.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of φθίσωμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπήγαγεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῆος","lemma":"τέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπήγαγεν","gloss":"meanwhile","note":"τέως 'in the meantime', epic form of τέως/ἕως marking simultaneity."},{"surface":"ἀπήγαγεν","lemma":"ἀπάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought back"},{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπήγαγεν","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπήγαγεν","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων as unnamed divine agent — a 'power' rather than a named Olympian."}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b16-l371","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐνθάδε οἱ φραζώμεθα λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον","translation":"Now let us here plan a grim destruction","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φραζώμεθα","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φραζώμεθα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for him","note":"Enclitic dative οἱ = 'for him', referring to Telemachus, object of the plan."},{"surface":"φραζώμεθα","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us plan","note":"Hortatory subjunctive middle, 'let us contrive/plot'."},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φραζώμεθα","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b16-l372","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ, μηδʼ ἧμας ὑπεκφύγοι· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω","translation":"for Telemachus, and let him not slip away from us; for I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"for Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἧμας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπεκφύγοι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ὑπεκφύγοι","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escape","note":"Aorist optative ὑπεκφύγοι expressing a wish/fear, 'may he not slip away'."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think","note":"Epic ὀΐω = οἴομαι, 'I think/suppose', common formulaic first person."}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b16-l373","source":"τούτου γε ζώοντος ἀνύσσεσθαι τάδε ἔργα.","translation":"that, while he lives, this business of ours will be accomplished.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ζώοντος","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ζώοντος","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνύσσεσθαι","gloss":"living","note":"Genitive absolute τούτου ζώοντος, 'while he lives' — independent of main clause case."},{"surface":"ἀνύσσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀνύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will be accomplished"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνύσσεσθαι","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b16-l374","source":"αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐπιστήμων βουλῇ τε νόῳ τε,","translation":"For he himself is shrewd in counsel and in mind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπιστήμων","lemma":"ἐπιστήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in counsel","note":"Dative of respect βουλῇ, 'in counsel' — specifies in what way he is shrewd."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b16-l375","source":"λαοὶ δʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἐφʼ ἡμῖν ἦρα φέρουσιν.","translation":"and the people no longer favor us at all.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l375.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἦρα φέρουσιν","title":"To do a favor","body":"The idiom ἦρα φέρειν means 'to bring gratification, do a kindness to' someone. Here the people no longer 'bring favor' to the suitors — public opinion has turned."}],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρουσιν","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρουσιν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρουσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφ᾽","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ἦρα","lemma":"ἤρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρουσιν","gloss":"favor","note":"Formulaic phrase ἦρα φέρειν, 'to bear favor/goodwill toward someone'."},{"surface":"φέρουσιν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bear/show"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b16-l376","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετε, πρὶν κεῖνον ὁμηγυρίσασθαι Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"But come, before that man gathers the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come now","note":"Fixed exhortation particle ἄγε(τε), 'come!' — treated as indeclinable despite plural form."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὁμηγυρίσασθαι","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ὁμηγυρίσασθαι","lemma":"ὁμηγυρίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὁμηγυρίσασθαι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b16-l377","source":"εἰς ἀγορήν—οὐ γάρ τι μεθησέμεναί μιν ὀΐω,","translation":"into assembly — for I do not think he will let it go,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεθησέμεναί","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεθησέμεναί","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"let go","note":"Future infinitive μεθησέμεναί, 'will let go/give up' — object of ὀΐω 'I think'."},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b16-l378","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀπομηνίσει, ἐρέει δʼ ἐν πᾶσιν ἀναστὰς","translation":"but he will rage on, and standing up among them all will declare","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπομηνίσει","lemma":"ἀπομηνίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"he will rage"},{"surface":"ἐρέει","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"he will declare"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀναστὰς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέει","gloss":"standing up","note":"Aorist participle ἀναστάς, formulaic gesture of rising to address an assembly."}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b16-l379","source":"οὕνεκά οἱ φόνον αἰπὺν ἐράπτομεν οὐδʼ ἐκίχημεν·","translation":"how we stitched together his sheer murder and failed to catch him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l379.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐράπτομεν","title":"Plotting as 'stitching'","body":"ῥάπτω literally means 'to sew, stitch together,' used metaphorically for contriving a plot. Homer pictures scheming as needlework — the same image recurs at line 422."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how, because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐράπτομεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐράπτομεν","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ἐράπτομεν","lemma":"ῥάπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"we stitched together","note":"ῥάπτω lit. 'to stitch/sew' used metaphorically for plotting a scheme — vivid Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"ἐκίχημεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"caught up with"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b16-l380","source":"οἱ δʼ οὐκ αἰνήσουσιν ἀκούοντες κακὰ ἔργα·","translation":"and they will not approve when they hear of these foul deeds.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αἰνήσουσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"αἰνήσουσιν","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will approve"},{"surface":"ἀκούοντες","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to αἰνήσουσιν","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκούοντες","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b16-l381","source":"μή τι κακὸν ῥέξωσι καὶ ἡμέας ἐξελάσωσι","translation":"Beware lest they do us some harm and drive us out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέξωσι","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"ῥέξωσι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they do","note":"Subjunctive after μή expressing fear/apprehension, 'lest they do'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξελάσωσι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσωσι","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive out"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b16-l382","source":"γαίης ἡμετέρης, ἄλλων δʼ ἀφικώμεθα δῆμον·","translation":"of our own land, and we go off to the country of strangers.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσωσι","gloss":"of the land"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρης","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφικώμεθα","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we come to"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφικώμεθα","gloss":"the land/people"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b16-l383","source":"ἀλλὰ φθέωμεν ἑλόντες ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ νόσφι πόληος","translation":"Rather let us seize him first, out in the fields away from the city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"φθέωμεν","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us anticipate","note":"φθάνω + participle = 'do X first/before he can act' — classic Greek idiom of anticipatory action."},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθέωμεν","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the field"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b16-l384","source":"ἢ ἐν ὁδῷ· βίοτον δʼ αὐτοὶ καὶ κτήματʼ ἔχωμεν,","translation":"or on the road; and let us keep his livelihood and his goods for ourselves,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὁδῷ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἔχωμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us keep","note":"Hortatory subjunctive, 'let us have/keep' — proposal of the suitors' plunder."}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b16-l385","source":"δασσάμενοι κατὰ μοῖραν ἐφʼ ἡμέας, οἰκία δʼ αὖτε","translation":"dividing them fairly among us; but the house, in turn,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δασσάμενοι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχωμεν","gloss":"dividing","note":"Middle participle δατέομαι, 'dividing for oneself' — self-interested distribution of spoils."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"fair share"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφ᾽","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δοῖμεν","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b16-l386","source":"κείνου μητέρι δοῖμεν ἔχειν ἠδʼ ὅστις ὀπυίοι.","translation":"let us give to his mother to keep, and to whoever marries her.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μητέρι","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to the mother"},{"surface":"δοῖμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us give","note":"Aorist optative δοῖμεν used as a hortatory wish, 'let us give' — parallel to the subjunctives around it."},{"surface":"ἔχειν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δοῖμεν","gloss":"to keep"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅστις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπυίοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ὀπυίοι","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"marries her"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b16-l387","source":"εἰ δʼ ὑμῖν ὅδε μῦθος ἀφανδάνει, ἀλλὰ βόλεσθε","translation":"But if this plan does not please you, and you would rather","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἀφανδάνει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μῦθος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφανδάνει","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"ἀφανδάνει","lemma":"ἀφανδάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"displeases","note":"ἀφανδάνω, negative compound of ἁνδάνω 'to please' — 'fails to please, is unwelcome'."},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"βόλεσθε","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"you wish"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b16-l388","source":"αὐτόν τε ζώειν καὶ ἔχειν πατρώϊα πάντα,","translation":"have him live and hold all his father's possessions,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ζώειν","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχειν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"πατρώϊα","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχειν","gloss":"his father's","note":"πατρώϊα 'paternal/ancestral' — emphasizes inheritance rights at stake in the plot."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πατρώϊα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b16-l389","source":"μή οἱ χρήματʼ ἔπειτα ἅλις θυμηδέʼ ἔδωμεν","translation":"then let us no longer eat up his store of pleasant goods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χρήματ᾽","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χρήματ","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωμεν","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωμεν","gloss":"abundantly"},{"surface":"θυμηδέ","lemma":"θυμηδής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρήματ᾽","gloss":"pleasant","note":"θυμηδής, 'heart-gladdening' — compound epithet describing the goods the suitors devour."},{"surface":"ἔδωμεν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us eat up","note":"ἔδω, archaic present of 'eat', rare form used for the suitors' wasteful feasting."}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b16-l390","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἀγειρόμενοι, ἀλλʼ ἐκ μεγάροιο ἕκαστος","translation":"gathering here, but let each man from his own hall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγειρόμενοι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀγειρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδωμεν","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each man"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b16-l391","source":"μνάσθω ἐέδνοισιν διζήμενος· ἡ δέ κʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"woo her with bridal gifts, seeking her; and she would then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνάσθω","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him woo"},{"surface":"ἐέδνοισιν","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διζήμενος","gloss":"with bridal gifts","note":"ἕδνα, the gifts a suitor offers the bride's family — central Homeric marriage-custom term."},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μνάσθω","gloss":"seeking her"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γήμαιθ᾽","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γήμαιθ᾽","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b16-l392","source":"γήμαιθʼ ὅς κε πλεῖστα πόροι καὶ μόρσιμος ἔλθοι.","translation":"marry the one who offers the most and comes as the man fated for her.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήμαιθ","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let her marry","note":"Aorist middle optative γήμαιτο, 'let her marry' — potential optative expressing the suitors' proposed outcome."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πλεῖστα","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πόροι","gloss":"the most"},{"surface":"πόροι","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"offers"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μόρσιμος","lemma":"μόρσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"comes","note":"ὅς κε ... ἔλθοι, potential optative clause, 'whoever should come as the fated one'."}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b16-l393","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell silent and still.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"Formulaic epic line-opener ὣς ἔφατο, marking the end of a speech."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκήν, adverbial accusative meaning 'in silence' — pairs with σιωπῇ for emphasis."},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b16-l394","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀμφίνομος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε,","translation":"Then Amphinomus addressed them and spoke among them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them","note":"μετέειπε, formulaic epic verb introducing a speaker's words in assembly."}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b16-l395","source":"Νίσου φαίδιμος υἱός, Ἀρητιάδαο ἄνακτος,","translation":"the glorious son of Nisus, lord Aretias' son,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νίσου","lemma":"Νῖσος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Nisus"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀρητιάδαο","lemma":"Ἀρητιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"son of Aretias","note":"Patronymic Ἀρητιάδης, 'son of Aretias' — layered genealogy typical of epic naming."},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρητιάδαο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b16-l396","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίου πολυπύρου, ποιήεντος,","translation":"who from Dulichium, rich in wheat and grass,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Δουλιχίου","lemma":"δουλιχίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Dulichium"},{"surface":"πολυπύρου","lemma":"πολύπυρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"rich in wheat","note":"πολύπυρος, compound epithet for fertile Dulichium, part of Homer's stock place-descriptions."},{"surface":"ποιήεντος","lemma":"ποιήεις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"grassy"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b16-l397","source":"ἡγεῖτο μνηστῆρσι, μάλιστα δὲ Πηνελοπείῃ","translation":"led the suitors, and most of all to Penelope","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεῖτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"led","note":"Middle voice for 'lead/guide' among the suitors—habitual imperfect."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"to Penelope"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b16-l398","source":"ἥνδανε μύθοισι· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσιν·","translation":"was pleasing in his words; for he was endowed with good sense.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"was pleasing","note":"ἁνδάνω 'to please' governs dative μύθοισι — the source of pleasure sits in the dative, not accusative."},{"surface":"μύθοισι","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"in his words"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of κέχρητ᾽","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέχρητ","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was endowed with","note":"Pluperfect of χράω 'use/possess'—stative sense: 'he had good sense' rather than an action."},{"surface":"ἀγαθῇσιν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b16-l399","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"With good will toward them he spoke and declared among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐϋφρονέων","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"kindly disposed","note":"Epic-formulaic participle 'well-minded'—sets the tone before he speaks, a stock intro to a speech."},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b16-l400","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ γε κατακτείνειν ἐθέλοιμι","translation":"\"My friends, I for one would not be willing to kill","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"ἂν + optative ἐθέλοιμι forms the potential optative: 'I would not be willing'—classic polite/hedged wish construction."},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"κατακτείνειν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be willing"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b16-l401","source":"Τηλέμαχον· δεινὸν δὲ γένος βασιλήϊόν ἐστιν","translation":"Telemachus; it is a fearful thing to kill one of royal","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατακτείνειν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a terrible thing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κτείνειν","gloss":"stock/lineage"},{"surface":"βασιλήϊόν","lemma":"βασίλειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b16-l402","source":"κτείνειν· ἀλλὰ πρῶτα θεῶν εἰρώμεθα βουλάς.","translation":"stock. But first let us inquire into the counsels of the gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰρώμεθα","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλάς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"εἰρώμεθα","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us ask","note":"Hortatory subjunctive 1st plural: 'let us inquire'—a call to collective action, not a statement of fact."},{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰρώμεθα","gloss":"counsels"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b16-l403","source":"εἰ μέν κʼ αἰνήσωσι Διὸς μεγάλοιο θέμιστες,","translation":"If the ordinances of great Zeus approve it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l403.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέμιστες","title":"The decrees of Zeus","body":"θέμιστες are divine ordinances or judgments, the established laws of right backed by Zeus. Amphinomus wants to consult these before acting."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"αἰνήσωσι","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"approve","note":"εἰ + subjunctive + κε/ἄν = future-more-vivid conditional: 'if the ordinances should approve.'"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θέμιστες","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θέμιστες","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of αἰνήσωσι","gloss":"the ordinances"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b16-l404","source":"αὐτός τε κτενέω τούς τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἀνώξω·","translation":"I myself will kill him and urge on all the rest;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτενέω","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will kill","note":"Future active κτενέω (from κτείνω)—note the epic future stem differs sharply from the present."},{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνώξω","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τούς","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνώξω","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will urge on"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b16-l405","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἀποτρωπῶσι θεοί, παύσασθαι ἄνωγα.","translation":"but if the gods turn us away from it, I bid you hold off.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἀποτρωπῶσι","lemma":"ἀποτρωπάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"turn away"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποτρωπῶσι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"παύσασθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to stop"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid","note":"Perfect ἄνωγα functions as a present 'I command/bid'—common Homeric perfect-as-present verb."}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b16-l406","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀμφίνομος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος.","translation":"So spoke Amphinomus, and his words pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἐφανδάνω, compound of ἁνδάνω from l398 — same 'please' verb, now with prefix, echoing the earlier line."},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"the word/speech"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b16-l407","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀνστάντες ἔβαν δόμον εἰς Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"At once then they rose and went to the house of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνστάντες","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"having risen"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went","note":"Epic aorist ἔβαν (root aorist of βαίνω) — short, vivid narrative form typical of Homeric action verbs."},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b16-l408","source":"ἐλθόντες δὲ καθῖζον ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι θρόνοισιν.","translation":"and on arriving they sat down on the polished chairs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ξεστοῖσι","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνοισιν","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"θρόνοισιν","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chairs"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b16-l409","source":"ἡ δʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"But wise Penelope thought of something else:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"something else"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought of"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων 'circumspect/very wise' — a recurring epithet for Penelope, marking her cunning intelligence."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b16-l410","source":"μνηστήρεσσι φανῆναι ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν ἔχουσι.","translation":"to show herself to the suitors in their overweening insolence.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l410.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὕβριν","title":"Hubris","body":"ὕβρις is wanton, arrogant violence — overstepping the bounds of decent conduct. It is the keynote of the suitors throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φανῆναι","gloss":"to the suitors"},{"surface":"φανῆναι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to appear"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιον","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕβριν","gloss":"overweening"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"insolence"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies μνηστήρεσσι","gloss":"having","note":"Dative participle ἔχουσι agrees with μνηστήρεσσι: 'to the suitors, having insolence'—describes their ongoing state."}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b16-l411","source":"πεύθετο γὰρ οὗ παιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὄλεθρον·","translation":"For she had learned of the plot against her son in the halls;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεύθετο","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she had learned"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"son's"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεύθετο","gloss":"death plot"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b16-l412","source":"κῆρυξ γὰρ οἱ ἔειπε Μέδων, ὃς ἐπεύθετο βουλάς.","translation":"for the herald Medon, who had overheard their plans, had told her.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told","note":"ἔειπε, epic augmented aorist of εἶπον — the initial ε- is the syllabic augment doubled onto an already e-initial stem."},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεύθετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐπεύθετο","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"had overheard"},{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύθετο","gloss":"their plans"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b16-l413","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι μέγαρόνδε σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξίν.","translation":"She went on her way to the hall with her attendant women.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μέγαρόνδε","lemma":"μέγαρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"to the hall","note":"μέγαρόνδε: -δε suffix marks motion 'to(ward)' the hall — directive enclitic, common in Homer."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναιξίν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"γυναιξίν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b16-l414","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μνηστῆρας ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν,","translation":"But when she, noblest of women, reached the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖα 'divine/noble' — formulaic epithet applied to Penelope, standard heroine epithet in Homeric diction."},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b16-l415","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,","translation":"she stood by the doorpost of the strongly built roof,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the doorpost"},{"surface":"τέγεος","lemma":"τέγος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"of the roof"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητοῖο","gloss":"closely/tightly"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέγεος","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b16-l416","source":"ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα,","translation":"holding her shining veil before her cheeks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"παρειάων","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"her cheeks"},{"surface":"σχομένη","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"holding","note":"Middle participle σχομένη 'holding (for herself)'—the modesty gesture of veiling before addressing men."},{"surface":"λιπαρὰ","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνα","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σχομένη","gloss":"veil"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b16-l417","source":"Ἀντίνοον δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"and she rebuked Antinous, spoke a word, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοον","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named him","note":"ἔκ...ὀνόμαζεν, a tmesis: preposition ἐκ separated from its verb ὀνόμαζεν—typical Homeric split compound."}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b16-l418","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, ὕβριν ἔχων, κακομήχανε, καὶ δέ σέ\n                     φασιν","translation":"\"Antinous, full of insolence, contriver of evil — and yet they say","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"insolence"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"κακομήχανε","lemma":"κακομήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίνο᾽","gloss":"schemer of evil","note":"κακομήχανε, a striking compound vocative insult—'evil-deviser', direct address of contempt."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φασιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b16-l419","source":"ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης μεθʼ ὁμήλικας ἔμμεν ἄριστον","translation":"that in the land of Ithaca you are the best of your age","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὁμήλικας","lemma":"ὁμῆλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεθ᾽","gloss":"your peers"},{"surface":"ἔμμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασιν","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμμεν, epic infinitive form of εἰμί (=εἶναι)—common Homeric alternate ending."},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b16-l420","source":"βουλῇ καὶ μύθοισι· σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἄρα τοῖος ἔησθα.","translation":"in counsel and in speech; but you were no such man, it seems.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθοισι","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in speech"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔησθα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as it seems"},{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a man"},{"surface":"ἔησθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were","note":"ἔησθα, epic 2nd-singular imperfect of εἰμί—an archaic alternate to ἦσθα, marking Homeric dialect."}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b16-l421","source":"μάργε, τίη δὲ σὺ Τηλεμάχῳ θάνατόν τε μόρον τε","translation":"You madman, why do you stitch death and doom","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάργε","lemma":"μάργος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"τίη","lemma":"τίη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥάπτεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ῥάπτεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥάπτεις","gloss":"for Telemachus"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b16-l422","source":"ῥάπτεις, οὐδʼ ἱκέτας ἐμπάζεαι, οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς","translation":"for Telemachus, and care nothing for suppliants, whose witness is Zeus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥάπτεις","lemma":"ῥάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stitch","note":"ῥάπτω lit. 'sew/stitch'—vivid metaphor for plotting death, repeated in l423 as a leitmotif of scheming."},{"surface":"ἱκέτας","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπάζεαι","gloss":"suppliants"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζεαι","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care for"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b16-l423","source":"μάρτυρος; οὐδʼ ὁσίη κακὰ ῥάπτειν ἀλλήλοισιν.","translation":"himself? It is not holy to stitch evil against one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρτυρος","lemma":"μάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witness"},{"surface":"ὁσίη","lemma":"ὁσία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"holy","note":"οὐδ᾽ ὁσίη 'nor is it holy'—a general maxim: it is wrong for people to plot harm against one another, not a claim specifically about kinship."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥάπτειν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ῥάπτειν","lemma":"ῥάπτω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to stitch"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ῥάπτειν","gloss":"against one another"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b16-l424","source":"ἦ οὐκ οἶσθʼ ὅτε δεῦρο πατὴρ τεὸς ἵκετο φεύγων,","translation":"Do you not know how once your father came here in flight,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶσθ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know","note":"οἶσθα, perfect with present sense 'you know'—from οἶδα, one of the most common Greek perfect-as-present verbs."},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τεὸς","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτε","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"fleeing"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b16-l425","source":"δῆμον ὑποδείσας; δὴ γὰρ κεχολώατο λίην,","translation":"in dread of the people? For they were greatly enraged,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποδείσας","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσας","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"fearing, dreading","note":"Aorist participle 'having feared' — the dread precedes the main clause's disclosure."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεχολώατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were enraged","note":"Pluperfect with imperfect sense (Homeric): 'had become and still were angry.'"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολώατο","gloss":"exceedingly"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b16-l426","source":"οὕνεκα ληϊστῆρσιν ἐπισπόμενος Ταφίοισιν","translation":"because, following Taphian pirates,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ληϊστῆρσιν","lemma":"λῃστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενος","gloss":"pirates, raiders"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενος","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤκαχε","gloss":"following, joining","note":"ἐφέπω 'follow after' — here of joining a raiding band."},{"surface":"Ταφίοισιν","lemma":"Τάφιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ληϊστῆρσιν","gloss":"Taphian"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b16-l427","source":"ἤκαχε Θεσπρωτούς· οἱ δʼ ἡμῖν ἄρθμιοι ἦσαν·","translation":"he had harmed the Thesprotians, who were our allies;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤκαχε","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"had harmed, grieved"},{"surface":"Θεσπρωτούς","lemma":"Θεσπρωτοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤκαχε","gloss":"the Thesprotians"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄρθμιοι","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"ἄρθμιοι","lemma":"ἄρθμιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"allied, at peace","note":"ἄρθμιος 'in friendly terms' — rare epic adjective for allied peoples."},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b16-l428","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἔθελον φθῖσαι καὶ ἀπορραῖσαι φίλον ἦτορ","translation":"they wanted to destroy him and tear out his very heart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φθῖσαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they wished"},{"surface":"φθῖσαι","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to destroy"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπορραῖσαι","lemma":"ἀπορραίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to tear out"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his own","note":"φίλον here is possessive, not affectionate: 'his own heart' — the common Homeric use of φίλος with body-part nouns."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπορραῖσαι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b16-l429","source":"ἠδὲ κατὰ ζωὴν φαγέειν μενοεικέα πολλήν·","translation":"and devour his great and pleasing wealth;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"throughout","note":"κατά + acc. 'throughout, all through' his livelihood — intensifying, not a true object of a verb."},{"surface":"ζωὴν","lemma":"ζωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φαγέειν","gloss":"livelihood, wealth"},{"surface":"φαγέειν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to devour","note":"φαγέειν, epic aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω 'eat.'"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ζωὴν","gloss":"abundant, pleasing"},{"surface":"πολλήν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ζωὴν","gloss":"much, great"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b16-l430","source":"ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεὺς κατέρυκε καὶ ἔσχεθεν ἱεμένους περ.","translation":"but Odysseus held them back and restrained them, eager though they were.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back, restrained"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχεθεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"checked, restrained","note":"ἔσχεθεν, epic lengthened form of the imperfect ἔσχε 'was holding' (from ἔχω)."},{"surface":"ἱεμένους","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though, indeed","note":"περ concessive: 'eager though they were' — grants a point against the main clause."}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b16-l431","source":"τοῦ νῦν οἶκον ἄτιμον ἔδεις, μνάᾳ δὲ γυναῖκα","translation":"Now you devour his house unpaid for, and woo his wife,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδεις","gloss":"house, estate"},{"surface":"ἄτιμον","lemma":"ἄτιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"unpaid, uncompensated"},{"surface":"ἔδεις","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you devour"},{"surface":"μνάᾳ","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you woo","note":"μνάομαι 'court, woo' — root of μνηστήρ 'suitor,' the poem's key word for these men."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνάᾳ","gloss":"his wife"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b16-l432","source":"παῖδά τʼ ἀποκτείνεις, ἐμὲ δὲ μεγάλως ἀκαχίζεις·","translation":"and try to kill his son, and you grieve me greatly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδά","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποκτείνεις","gloss":"his son"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποκτείνεις","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you try to kill","note":"Present tense used conatively: 'you attempt to kill,' since Telemachus is not yet dead."},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκαχίζεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"μεγάλως","lemma":"μεγάλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχίζεις","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀκαχίζεις","lemma":"ἀκαχίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you grieve"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b16-l433","source":"ἀλλά σε παύσασθαι κέλομαι καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους.","translation":"But I bid you stop, and order the others to stop as well.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"παύσασθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stop"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid, urge"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνωγέμεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to command","note":"ἀνωγέμεν, perfect infinitive of ἄνωγα 'command' — a perfect verb with present force, common Homeric quirk."},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b16-l434","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἀντίον\n                  ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke, said","note":"ἀντίον ηὔδα — formulaic epic closing line for introducing a speech."}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b16-l435","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"\"Daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter","note":"κούρη 'girl, maiden' used as 'daughter' — a standard vocative address in Homeric formulaic speech."},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρον","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"περίφρων, a stock epithet regularly paired with Penelope's name."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b16-l436","source":"θάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.","translation":"take heart; let none of these things trouble your mind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελόντων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid, in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"heart, mind"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let trouble","note":"μελόντων, 3rd pl. imperative 'let them be a care to' — governs dat. τοι and nom. ταῦτα."}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b16-l437","source":"οὐκ ἔσθʼ οὗτος ἀνὴρ οὐδʼ ἔσσεται οὐδὲ γένηται,","translation":"There is no such man, nor will there be, nor shall be born,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔσθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"such, this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be born","note":"Triple tense sweep (present/future/subjunctive of 'to be, become') for emphatic 'no such man exists, will exist, or could be born.'"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b16-l438","source":"ὅς κεν Τηλεμάχῳ σῷ υἱέϊ χεῖρας ἐποίσει","translation":"who shall lay hands on your son Telemachus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐποίσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλεμάχῳ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"υἱέϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποίσει","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐποίσει","lemma":"ἐπιφέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"shall lay upon","note":"χεῖρας ἐποίσει, 'lay hands on' — idiom for violent attack, future vivid in a relative clause of threat."}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b16-l439","source":"ζώοντός γʼ ἐμέθεν καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο.","translation":"while I am alive and looking out upon the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l439.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ζώοντός γʼ ἐμέθεν","title":"Genitive absolute","body":"ζώοντος ἐμέθεν ('while I am alive') is a genitive absolute: a noun and participle in the genitive standing apart from the main clause to set a condition or time. Here it states the duration of Eurymachus' boast."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζώοντός","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"living","note":"Genitive absolute-like construction: 'while I am alive' — genitive participle with ἐμέθεν."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"of me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"δερκομένοιο","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"looking out, seeing"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b16-l440","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μὴν τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"For thus I declare, and it shall surely be brought to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will declare"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὴν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely, indeed"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplished, fulfilled","note":"Perfect passive participle + ἔσται: 'it will be [already] fulfilled' — stresses certainty."},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b16-l441","source":"αἶψά οἱ αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρὶ","translation":"Soon his dark blood will gush around the spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρωήσει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐρωήσει","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κελαινὸν","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐρωήσει","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will gush, flow","note":"ἐρωέω 'stream, gush' — vivid battlefield verb for blood spilling around a spear."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the spear"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b16-l442","source":"ἡμετέρῳ, ἐπεὶ ἦ καὶ ἐμὲ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"my own spear — for in truth Odysseus, sacker of cities,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l442.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πτολίπορθος","title":"Epithet of Odysseus","body":"\"Sacker of cities\" is a standing epithet, here in the nominative as subject of the following clause. Such formulaic epithets are a hallmark of Homeric verse."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρῳ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"our, my"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, even"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφεσσάμενος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθος","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"πτολίπορθος, a famous Homeric epithet fixed to Odysseus's name."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b16-l443","source":"πολλάκι γούνασιν οἷσιν ἐφεσσάμενος κρέας ὀπτὸν","translation":"often set me on his knees and put roasted meat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφεσσάμενος","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"γούνασιν","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφεσσάμενος","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies γούνασιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐφεσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"setting, seating","note":"γούνασιν ἐφεσσάμενος — 'seated me on his knees,' a stock gesture of paternal affection in epic."},{"surface":"κρέας","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ὀπτὸν","lemma":"ὀπτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέας","gloss":"roasted"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b16-l444","source":"ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν, ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν.","translation":"into my hands, and held the red wine to my lips.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"placed, put"},{"surface":"ἐπέσχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"held to, offered"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέσχε","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρόν","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b16-l445","source":"τῷ μοι Τηλέμαχος πάντων πολὺ φίλτατός ἐστιν","translation":"For this reason Telemachus is by far the dearest to me of all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"for that, therefore","note":"τῷ as adverbial dative 'for this reason' — connects the memory just told to the speaker's present feeling."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φίλτατός","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b16-l446","source":"ἀνδρῶν, οὐδέ τί μιν θάνατον τρομέεσθαι ἄνωγα","translation":"men, and I bid him have no fear of death","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατός","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τρομέεσθαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τρομέεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τρομέεσθαι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τρομέεσθαι","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to fear","note":"τρομέεσθαι 'tremble at' — governs accusative θάνατον directly, 'to fear death.'"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b16-l447","source":"ἔκ γε μνηστήρων· θεόθεν δʼ οὐκ ἔστʼ ἀλέασθαι.","translation":"at the suitors' hands; but from the gods there is no escaping it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from, at the hands of"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔκ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"θεόθεν","lemma":"θεόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the gods","note":"θεόθεν, ablatival -θεν suffix 'from the gods' — no preposition needed, a distinct Homeric case-suffix."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is possible"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλεόμαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"to escape"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b16-l448","source":"ὣς φάτο θαρσύνων, τῷ δʼ ἤρτυεν αὐτὸς ὄλεθρον.","translation":"So he spoke, reassuring her, but he himself was preparing his doom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"θαρσύνων","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"reassuring, encouraging"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤρτυεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤρτυεν","lemma":"ἀρτύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was preparing","note":"Dramatic irony: ἤρτυεν 'was preparing' his own doom even as he reassures Penelope."},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρτυεν","gloss":"doom, destruction"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b16-l449","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ εἰσαναβᾶσʼ ὑπερώϊα σιγαλόεντα","translation":"She then went up into her gleaming upper chamber","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαῖεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰσαναβᾶσ","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖεν","gloss":"having gone up"},{"surface":"ὑπερώϊα","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσαναβᾶσ᾽","gloss":"upper chamber","note":"ὑπερῷον, the women's private upstairs quarters — Penelope's usual retreat in the poem."},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὑπερώϊα","gloss":"gleaming, splendid"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b16-l450","source":"κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα, φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον","translation":"and wept there for Odysseus, her dear husband, until sweet sleep","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she wept"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βλεφάροισι","gloss":"on her"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b16-l451","source":"ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"was cast upon her eyelids by gray-eyed Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Gray-eyed Athena","body":"The standing epithet γλαυκῶπις (\"gray-eyed\" or \"bright-eyed\") accompanies Athena's name in the nominative as the subject who casts sleep on Penelope."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισι","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's standard epithet — 'flashing-/owl-eyed,' fixed formula almost every mention."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b16-l452","source":"ἑσπέριος δʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ καὶ υἱέϊ δῖος ὑφορβὸς","translation":"At evening the noble swineherd came to Odysseus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπέριος","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the evening"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to his son"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβὸς","gloss":"noble, divine"},{"surface":"ὑφορβὸς","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"swineherd","note":"ὑφορβός, Eumaeus's title — the loyal swineherd, a recurring epic figure of humble faithfulness."}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b16-l453","source":"ἤλυθεν· οἱ δʼ ἄρα δόρπον ἐπισταδὸν ὡπλίζοντο,","translation":"and his son; and they were busily preparing supper,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"Aorist of ἔρχομαι, formulaic epic verb 'came'; here refers to the son mentioned in the prior line."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὡπλίζοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὡπλίζοντο","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἐπισταδὸν","lemma":"ἐπισταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίζοντο","gloss":"busily","note":"Rare adverb ἐπισταδόν 'in due order/busily'; appears almost only in Homer."},{"surface":"ὡπλίζοντο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were preparing"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b16-l454","source":"σῦν ἱερεύσαντες ἐνιαύσιον. αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη,","translation":"having sacrificed a year-old pig. But Athena,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῦν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱερεύσαντες","gloss":"pig","note":"σῦν is the acc. of ὗς 'pig/hog', object of the sacrificing participle."},{"surface":"ἱερεύσαντες","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίζοντο","gloss":"having sacrificed"},{"surface":"ἐνιαύσιον","lemma":"ἐνιαύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σῦν","gloss":"year-old"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b16-l455","source":"ἄγχι παρισταμένη, Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα","translation":"drawing near and standing close, struck Odysseus, son of Laertes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρισταμένη","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"standing beside","note":"Middle participle of παρίστημι, 'drawing near/standing close'—Athena approaching Odysseus unseen."},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδην","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"son of Laertes","note":"Patronymic epithet for Odysseus, formulaic in the epic diction."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b16-l456","source":"ῥάβδῳ πεπληγυῖα πάλιν ποίησε γέροντα,","translation":"with her wand and made him an old man once more,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l456.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπληγυῖα","title":"Perfect active participle","body":"πεπληγυῖα is a perfect active participle feminine nominative of πλήσσω, \"having struck,\" agreeing with Athena. The reduplication πε- is the diagnostic marker of the perfect system; -υῖα is the feminine perfect active participle ending. The aorist of πλήσσω (πλήξας / πλαγών) looks entirely different."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥάβδῳ","lemma":"ῥάβδος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπληγυῖα","gloss":"with her wand","note":"ῥάβδος is Athena's magic wand, the tool of her transformations in the Odyssey."},{"surface":"πεπληγυῖα","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having struck"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ποίησε","gloss":"an old man"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b16-l457","source":"λυγρὰ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσε περὶ χροΐ, μή ἑ συβώτης","translation":"and clothed his body in shabby rags, lest the swineherd","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"shabby"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσε","gloss":"rags/clothes"},{"surface":"ἕσσε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on him","note":"ἕσσε is aorist of ἕννυμι 'to clothe'; the lemma given (ἵζω) is a treebank lemmatization quirk—gloss follows the translation's sense."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his skin"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γνοίη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b16-l458","source":"γνοίη ἐσάντα ἰδὼν καὶ ἐχέφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ","translation":"recognize him face to face and go to prudent Penelope","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνοίη","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"might recognize","note":"Optative of purpose after μή, expressing feared result: 'lest he recognize him'."},{"surface":"ἐσάντα","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γνοίη","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρονι","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλθοι","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b16-l459","source":"ἔλθοι ἀπαγγέλλων μηδὲ φρεσὶν εἰρύσσαιτο.","translation":"carrying the news, and not keep it locked in his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"go","note":"Optative ἔλθοι continues the purpose clause: 'lest he go and tell'."},{"surface":"ἀπαγγέλλων","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"bringing news"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of εἰρύσσαιτο","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"εἰρύσσαιτο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"keep hidden","note":"ἐρύω here means 'hold back/restrain', i.e. fail to keep the secret in his heart."}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b16-l460","source":"τὸν καὶ Τηλέμαχος πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"Telemachus was the first to speak to him:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word/speech"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν is a common Homeric formula: 'spoke a word to'."}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b16-l461","source":"ἦλθες, δῖʼ Εὔμαιε. τί δὴ κλέος ἔστʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ;","translation":"\"You are back, noble Eumaeus. What is the news through the town?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l461.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos here means \"report\"","body":"Though κλέος usually means \"glory\" or \"fame,\" here it carries its more literal sense of \"what is heard\" — the report or news circulating in the town."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"δῖ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"noble","note":"Vocative epithet δῖος 'noble/divine', a standard formula addressing Eumaeus."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the town"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b16-l462","source":"ἦ ῥʼ ἤδη μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες ἔνδον ἔασιν","translation":"Are the proud suitors now back inside,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασιν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"proud","note":"ἀγήνωρ 'manly/overbearing', a stock epithet often applied disapprovingly to the suitors."},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασιν","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b16-l463","source":"ἐκ λόχου, ἦ ἔτι μʼ αὖτʼ εἰρύαται οἴκαδʼ ἰόντα;","translation":"from their ambush, or are they still watching for me to come home?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λόχου","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰρύαται","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰρύαται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"εἰρύαται","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are watching for","note":"Perfect middle εἰρύαται 'they are on watch/lying in wait', referring to the suitors' ambush."},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντα","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b16-l464","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then you answered him, Eumaeus the swineherd:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Apostrophe to Eumaeus","body":"Homer addresses the swineherd directly in the second person (\"you answered\"), a recurring apostrophe used only for Eumaeus in the Odyssey. προσέφης is a second-person singular imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"Second-person imperfect προσέφης, the bard's direct-address formula to Eumaeus."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b16-l465","source":"οὐκ ἔμελέν μοι ταῦτα μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι","translation":"\"It was not on my mind to ask about that or inquire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔμελέν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was a care"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμελέν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μεταλλῆσαι","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to inquire"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέσθαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to ask"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b16-l466","source":"ἄστυ καταβλώσκοντα· τάχιστά με θυμὸς ἀνώγει","translation":"roaming through the town; my heart urged me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καταβλώσκοντα","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"καταβλώσκοντα","lemma":"καταβλώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"roaming about","note":"Vivid rare verb καταβλώσκω 'to roam/wander through', paints Eumaeus lingering in town."},{"surface":"τάχιστά","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"most quickly"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b16-l467","source":"ἀγγελίην εἰπόντα πάλιν δεῦρʼ ἀπονέεσθαι.","translation":"to deliver my message and come back here as quickly as I could.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰπόντα","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"εἰπόντα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having told"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b16-l468","source":"ὡμήρησε δέ μοι παρʼ ἑταίρων ἄγγελος ὠκύς,","translation":"A swift messenger from your companions fell in with me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡμήρησε","lemma":"ὁμηρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met me"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὡμήρησε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παρ᾽","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ὠκύς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄγγελος","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b16-l469","source":"κῆρυξ, ὃς δὴ πρῶτος ἔπος σῇ μητρὶ ἔειπεν.","translation":"a herald, who was the first to tell your mother the news.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"told"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b16-l470","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι τό γε οἶδα· τὸ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν.","translation":"But this one thing I do know, for I saw it with my own eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"with my eyes"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b16-l471","source":"ἤδη ὑπὲρ πόλιος, ὅθι θʼ Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν,","translation":"Already above the city, where the hill of Hermes is,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕρμαιος","lemma":"ἑρμαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λόφος","gloss":"of Hermes","note":"Ἕρμαιος λόφος, 'hill of Hermes', names a real landmark above the town of Ithaca in the epic geography."},{"surface":"λόφος","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"hill"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόλιος","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b16-l472","source":"ἦα κιών, ὅτε νῆα θοὴν ἰδόμην κατιοῦσαν","translation":"I was on my way when I saw a swift ship coming down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"κιών","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδόμην","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἰδόμην","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"κατιοῦσαν","lemma":"κάτειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming down","note":"κάτειμι 'to go/come down', describing the ship sailing in toward the harbor."}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b16-l473","source":"ἐς λιμένʼ ἡμέτερον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες ἐν αὐτῇ,","translation":"into our harbor; and there were many men aboard her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"λιμέν","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμέν᾽","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b16-l474","source":"βεβρίθει δὲ σάκεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι·","translation":"and she was laden with shields and double-pointed spears;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβρίθει","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was laden","note":"Pluperfect βεβρίθει 'was weighed down', vivid image of the ship heavy with weapons."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάκεσσι","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed","note":"Homeric epithet for spears, 'two-armed/double-barbed'."}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b16-l475","source":"καὶ σφέας ὠΐσθην τοὺς ἔμμεναι, οὐδέ τι οἶδα.","translation":"and I thought it was they, but I cannot be sure.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὠΐσθην","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"those men"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὠΐσθην","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b16-l476","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","translation":"So he spoke, and the sacred might of Telemachus smiled,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l476.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","title":"\"The sacred might of Telemachus\"","body":"A periphrasis: \"the sacred might of Telemachus\" simply means Telemachus himself. Τηλεμάχοιο is a genitive of the older Homeric -οιο ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μείδησεν","gloss":"might","note":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο, 'sacred strength of Telemachus', a Homeric periphrasis honoring a hero by naming his 'might' rather than himself."},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Telemachus"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b16-l477","source":"ἐς πατέρʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδών, ἀλέεινε δʼ ὑφορβόν.","translation":"glancing at his father with his eyes, but avoiding the swineherd's gaze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδών","gloss":"with his eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μείδησεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἀλέεινε","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided","note":"ἀλεείνω 'to avoid/shun'; Telemachus dodges Eumaeus's gaze so as not to give away Odysseus's disguise."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑφορβόν","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλέεινε","gloss":"the swineherd"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b16-l478","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε\n                  δαῖτα,","translation":"When they had finished their work and made ready the meal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παύσαντο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσαντο","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"τετύκοντό","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τετύκοντό","gloss":"meal"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b16-l479","source":"δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.","translation":"they feasted, and their hearts lacked nothing of the equal feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"their heart"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"equal","note":"δαιτὸς ἐΐσης 'equal feast', a Homeric formula stressing fair shares at the meal."}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b16-l480","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l480.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Formulaic line for finishing a meal","body":"This whole verse is a recurring formula marking the end of a meal. ἕντο is an aorist middle (\"they sent away from themselves\" their desire)."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put","note":"ἐξ...ἕντο, tmesis of ἐξίημι: 'they put away/dismissed' their desire for food and drink."}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b16-l481","source":"κοίτου τε μνήσαντο καὶ ὕπνου δῶρον ἕλοντο.","translation":"they turned their thoughts to bed and took the gift of sleep.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b16-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοίτου","lemma":"κοῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνήσαντο","gloss":"of bed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνήσαντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned their thoughts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρον","gloss":"of sleep"},{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"the gift"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"}]}]}