{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":17,"id":"book-17","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ρ","translated":"Book 17 — Odysseus Returns to His House as a Beggar"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"The beggar follows Telemachus to the palace. At the gate the old dog Argos knows his master and dies. Antinous throws a footstool at him.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17","lines":606},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b17-l1","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"The Dawn formula","body":"This whole line is one of Homer's most frequent formulaic verses, opening a new day. 'Rosy-fingered' is a fixed ornamental epithet attached to Dawn."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάνη","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"epithet compound (ἦρι + γεν-), \"born at dawn,\" fixed formula for Ἠώς"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τότ᾽","gloss":"appeared","note":"aorist passive of φαίνω, \"was made to appear/shone forth\" — formulaic dawn-line verb"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"stock Homeric epithet ῥοδοδάκτυλος, always paired with Ἠώς at line end"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b17-l2","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα","translation":"then indeed Telemachus bound the fine sandals beneath his feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"thereupon"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet","note":"πούς/ποδ- dative plural ποσσί(ν), old -σι ending typical of epic dative plurals"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound on"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b17-l3","source":"Τηλέμαχος, φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,","translation":"Telemachus, the dear son of godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο","title":"Genitive of the father","body":"The name and its epithet stand in the genitive, marking whose son Telemachus is. The ending -οιο is the older Homeric genitive singular form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Odysseus","note":"genitive Ὀδυσσῆος is the old epic form of the -εύς stem (from -ῆος); the Attic genitive Ὀδυσσέως arose later by quantitative metathesis of this form, not the reverse — Ὀδυσσῆος is not \"contracted from\" Ὀδυσσέως"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b17-l4","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ὅ οἱ παλάμηφιν ἀρήρει,","translation":"and he took up the strong spear that fit his grip,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up","note":"middle voice εἵλετο (αἱρέω) — took for himself, marking self-interest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρήρει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παλάμηφιν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"παλάμηφιν","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρήρει","gloss":"in grip","note":"παλάμηφιν: archaic -φι(ν) case ending (dative/locative/instrumental in force) attached to παλάμη \"hand, palm\" — a relic epic case form, here functioning as the fixed dative"},{"surface":"ἀρήρει","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔγχος","gloss":"fit"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b17-l5","source":"ἄστυδε ἱέμενος, καὶ ἑὸν προσέειπε συβώτην·","translation":"eager for the city, and he spoke to his swineherd:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυδε","lemma":"ἄστυδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱέμενος","gloss":"to the city","note":"ἄστυδε: directional -δε suffix meaning \"toward the city,\" no preposition needed"},{"surface":"ἱέμενος","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies συβώτην","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b17-l6","source":"ἄττʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν ἐγὼν εἶμʼ ἐς πόλιν, ὄφρα με\n                     μήτηρ","translation":"\"Old friend, truly I am going to the city, so that my mother","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρα","title":"Purpose clause","body":"ὄφρα introduces a purpose clause ('so that'), here taking a subjunctive verb. It is a common Homeric way of expressing intent."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄττ","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old friend","note":"ἄττα, affectionate term of address for an elder, here to Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶμ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am going","note":"εἶμι, present with future sense, common for the verb \"to go\" in Greek"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄψεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὄψεται","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b17-l7","source":"ὄψεται· οὐ γάρ μιν πρόσθεν παύσεσθαι ὀΐω","translation":"may see me; for I do not think she will leave off before","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεται","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may see"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παύσεσθαι","gloss":"her","note":"μιν: enclitic 3rd-person pronoun, common epic alternative to αὐτήν/αὐτόν"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύσεσθαι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"παύσεσθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"leave off"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b17-l8","source":"κλαυθμοῦ τε στυγεροῖο γόοιό τε δακρυόεντος,","translation":"her hateful weeping and tearful lament,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαυθμοῦ","lemma":"κλαυθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυγεροῖο","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κλαυθμοῦ","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"γόοιό","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δακρυόεντος","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιό","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b17-l9","source":"πρίν γʼ αὐτόν με ἴδηται· ἀτὰρ σοί γʼ ὧδʼ ἐπιτέλλω.","translation":"until she sees me myself. But to you I give this charge:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδηται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτέλλω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλω","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I charge","note":"ἐπιτέλλω, \"lay a command upon\" — verb of formal instruction, sets up the imperative that follows"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b17-l10","source":"τὸν ξεῖνον δύστηνον ἄγʼ ἐς πόλιν, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐκεῖθι","translation":"lead the wretched stranger to the city, so that there","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγ᾽","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"δύστηνον","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πτωχεύῃ","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b17-l11","source":"δαῖτα πτωχεύῃ· δώσει δέ οἱ ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσι","translation":"he may beg his meal; whoever wishes will give him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πτωχεύῃ","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"πτωχεύῃ","lemma":"πτωχεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"may beg","note":"πτωχεύω, \"live as a beggar,\" the verb built directly from πτωχός \"beggar\""},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δώσει","gloss":"wishes"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b17-l12","source":"πύρνον καὶ κοτύλην· ἐμὲ δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἅπαντας","translation":"a crust and a cup. There is no way that I can endure","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πύρνον","lemma":"πύρνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a crust"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κοτύλην","lemma":"κοτύλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a cup"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέχεσθαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b17-l13","source":"ἀνθρώπους ἀνέχεσθαι, ἔχοντά περ ἄλγεα θυμῷ·","translation":"all men, having griefs enough in my own heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέχεσθαι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀνέχεσθαι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστιν","gloss":"to endure","note":"ἀνέχεσθαι middle infinitive, \"to hold oneself up under\" — bear with, put up with"},{"surface":"ἔχοντά","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντά","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντά","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b17-l14","source":"ὁ ξεῖνος δʼ εἴ περ μάλα μηνίει, ἄλγιον αὐτῷ","translation":"And if the stranger is greatly angered, the worse it will be","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μηνίει","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μηνίει","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"μηνίει","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"is angered"},{"surface":"ἄλγιον","lemma":"ἀλγίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse","note":"ἀλγίων, comparative of ἀλγεινός/ἄλγος-root, \"more painful\" — irregular comparative form"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄλγιον","gloss":"for him"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b17-l15","source":"ἔσσεται· ἦ γὰρ ἐμοὶ φίλʼ ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι.","translation":"for him; for I love to speak the truth.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear","note":"φίλα here used adverbially/predicatively, \"it is dear (to me)\" = \"I love\""},{"surface":"ἀληθέα","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"true things"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b17-l16","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"\"Of many wiles\"","body":"πολύμητις, 'of many counsels/wiles,' is Odysseus' signature epithet. This whole verse is a stock speech-introduction formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"πρόσφημι, epic verb of address used almost exclusively in speech-introduction formulas"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις, standing epithet of Odysseus, \"of many wiles/plans\""},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b17-l17","source":"ὦ φίλος, οὐδέ τοι αὐτὸς ἐρύκεσθαι μενεαίνω·","translation":"\"Friend, I myself have no wish to be kept here;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐρύκεσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνω","gloss":"to be kept"},{"surface":"μενεαίνω","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b17-l18","source":"πτωχῷ βέλτερόν ἐστι κατὰ πτόλιν ἠὲ κατʼ ἀγροὺς","translation":"it is better for a beggar to beg his meal through the city","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχῷ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to βέλτερόν","gloss":"for a beggar"},{"surface":"βέλτερόν","lemma":"βέλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"βέλτερος, epic comparative of ἀγαθός family (alongside ἀμείνων), used predicatively with dative πτωχῷ"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"city","note":"πτόλιν, epic-Ionic variant spelling of πόλιν (prothetic π-)"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀγροὺς","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b17-l19","source":"δαῖτα πτωχεύειν· δώσει δέ μοι ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν.","translation":"than through the fields; whoever wishes will give to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πτωχεύειν","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"πτωχεύειν","lemma":"πτωχεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"to beg"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δώσει","gloss":"wishes"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b17-l20","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ σταθμοῖσι μένειν ἔτι τηλίκος εἰμί,","translation":"For I am no longer of an age to stay at the steadings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖσι","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"steadings"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τηλίκος","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰμί","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τηλίκος","lemma":"τηλίκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of an age","note":"τηλίκος, \"so old/of such an age,\" pairs with implied comparison — Odysseus (as beggar) claims to be past service age"},{"surface":"εἰμί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b17-l21","source":"ὥστʼ ἐπιτειλαμένῳ σημάντορι πάντα πιθέσθαι.","translation":"so as to obey a master in everything he commands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥστ","lemma":"ὥστε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"ἐπιτειλαμένῳ","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies σημάντορι","gloss":"having commanded"},{"surface":"σημάντορι","lemma":"σημάντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πιθέσθαι","gloss":"a master","note":"σημάντωρ, \"one who gives signals/orders,\" master or commander — a functional epithet-noun"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πιθέσθαι","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"πιθέσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὥστ᾽","gloss":"to obey"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b17-l22","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔρχευ· ἐμὲ δʼ ἄξει ἀνὴρ ὅδε, τὸν σὺ κελεύεις,","translation":"But go; this man will lead me, the one you bid,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔρχευ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄξει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lead"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄξει","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"bid"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b17-l23","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπεί κε πυρὸς θερέω ἀλέη τε γένηται.","translation":"as soon as I have warmed at the fire and the day grows warm.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄξει","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of θερέω","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"θερέω","lemma":"θέρω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"I have warmed","note":"θερέω, aorist passive subjunctive of θέρω/θέρομαι — \"be warmed,\" root of English \"thermal\""},{"surface":"ἀλέη","lemma":"ἀλέα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b17-l24","source":"αἰνῶς γὰρ τάδε εἵματʼ ἔχω κακά· μή με δαμάσσῃ","translation":"For terribly poor are these clothes I wear; I fear the frost","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχω","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχω","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἔχω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"κακά","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμάσσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δαμάσσῃ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"overcome"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b17-l25","source":"στίβη ὑπηοίη· ἕκαθεν δέ τε ἄστυ φάτʼ εἶναι.","translation":"of morning may overcome me; and you say the city is far off.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στίβη","lemma":"στίβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δαμάσσῃ","gloss":"frost","note":"στίβη, rare Homeric word for hoarfrost/rime, paired with ὑπηοίη \"of the morning\""},{"surface":"ὑπηοίη","lemma":"ὑπηοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies στίβη","gloss":"of morning"},{"surface":"ἕκαθεν","lemma":"ἕκαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you say"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φάτ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b17-l26","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ διὰ σταθμοῖο βεβήκει,","translation":"So he spoke, and Telemachus had gone out through the steading,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βεβήκει","title":"Pluperfect of swift motion","body":"βεβήκει is a pluperfect of βαίνω used vividly to mark that Telemachus is already striding away. Homer often uses this tense of βαίνω for completed, decisive movement."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ὣς φάτο, the standard Homeric formula closing a speech before narrative resumes"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖο","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"steading"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone","note":"βεβήκει, pluperfect of βαίνω — stresses he was already gone by this point in narrative time"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b17-l27","source":"κραιπνὰ ποσὶ προβιβάς, κακὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσι φύτευεν.","translation":"stepping swiftly on his feet, sowing trouble for the suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κραιπνὰ","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβιβάς","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προβιβάς","gloss":"on feet"},{"surface":"προβιβάς","lemma":"προβιβάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"striding forward"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φύτευεν","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φύτευεν","gloss":"for suitors"},{"surface":"φύτευεν","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sowed","note":"φυτεύω literally \"plant,\" here figuratively \"was sowing/plotting\" trouble for the suitors"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b17-l28","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκανε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,","translation":"But when he reached the well-built halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"dwelling","note":"ναιετάοντας, present participle of ναιετάω \"to be inhabited,\" epic formula for a well-situated house"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b17-l29","source":"ἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα μακρήν,","translation":"he set the spear he carried against a tall pillar,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set it up","note":"ἵστημι causative aorist ἔστησε: 'made stand' = leaned the spear upright."},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"κίονα","lemma":"κίων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"μακρήν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κίονα","gloss":"tall"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b17-l30","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ εἴσω ἴεν καὶ ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδόν.","translation":"and went inside himself, and crossed the stone threshold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself","note":"αὐτός here marks 'he in person' vs. the spear left behind, not reflexive."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴεν","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβη","lemma":"ὑπερβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"λάϊνον","lemma":"λάινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδόν","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"οὐδόν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρβη","gloss":"threshold","note":"οὐδόν, the stone doorsill of the megaron — a recurring Odyssey landmark word."}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b17-l31","source":"τὸν δὲ πολὺ πρώτη εἶδε τροφὸς Εὐρύκλεια,","translation":"Far before all others the nurse Eurycleia saw him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶδε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρώτη","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first","note":"πολὺ πρώτη 'by far first' — adverbial accusative πολύ intensifying an ordinal, common epic idiom."},{"surface":"εἶδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"τροφὸς","lemma":"τροφός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύκλεια","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"Εὐρύκλεια","lemma":"εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἶδε","gloss":"Eurycleia"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b17-l32","source":"κώεα καστορνῦσα θρόνοις ἔνι δαιδαλέοισι,","translation":"as she was spreading fleeces over the elaborate chairs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κώεα","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καστορνῦσα","gloss":"fleeces"},{"surface":"καστορνῦσα","lemma":"καταστόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἶδε","gloss":"spreading"},{"surface":"θρόνοις","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on","note":"ἔνι is anastrophic ἐν, 'in/on' — accent shift signals the preposition follows its noun."},{"surface":"δαιδαλέοισι","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνοις","gloss":"ornate"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b17-l33","source":"δακρύσασα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἰθὺς κίεν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄλλαι","translation":"and bursting into tears she came straight up; and around him the other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρύσασα","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"bursting into tears"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"κίεν, epic verb 'go/come,' root of Homeric κίω, distinct from the common εἶμι."},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δμῳαὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b17-l34","source":"δμῳαὶ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἠγερέθοντο,","translation":"handmaids of stout-hearted Odysseus gathered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ταλασίφρονος","title":"\"Stout-hearted\"","body":"ταλασίφρων, literally 'enduring in mind,' is a recurring epithet of Odysseus emphasizing his patient endurance. It agrees in the genitive with his name."}],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δμῳαὶ","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"stout-hearted","note":"ταλασίφρων 'enduring-minded,' a stock Odysseus epithet built on ταλάς + φρήν."},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b17-l35","source":"καὶ κύνεον ἀγαπαζόμεναι κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὤμους.","translation":"and lovingly kissed his head and shoulders.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνεον","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"ἀγαπαζόμεναι","lemma":"ἀγαπάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to κύνεον","gloss":"embracing lovingly"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b17-l36","source":"ἡ δʼ ἴεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο περίφρων Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"Then out of her chamber came thoughtful Penelope,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"περίφρων, a fixed Penelope epithet 'circumspect/very prudent' marking her wisdom formulaically."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b17-l37","source":"Ἀρτέμιδι ἰκέλη ἠὲ χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ,","translation":"like Artemis or golden Aphrodite,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρτέμιδι","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἰκέλη","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like","note":"ἴκελος + dative, a common epic simile construction comparing mortal women to goddesses."},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτῃ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτῃ","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b17-l38","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ παιδὶ φίλῳ βάλε πήχεε δακρύσασα,","translation":"and weeping she threw her arms around her dear son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l38.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πήχεε","title":"Dual: \"both arms\"","body":"πήχεε is a dual form, denoting the pair of arms as a natural twosome. Homeric Greek keeps the dual alive for things that come in twos."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"πήχεε","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"arms","note":"πήχεε, dual number for a natural pair (forearms) — Homeric Greek keeps the dual for body parts."},{"surface":"δακρύσασα","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"weeping"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b17-l39","source":"κύσσε δέ μιν κεφαλήν τε καὶ ἄμφω φάεα καλά,","translation":"and kissed his head and both his beautiful eyes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύσσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κύσσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάεα","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"φάεα","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"eyes","note":"φάεα (φάος) 'lights' used poetically for 'eyes' — a Homeric metaphor, not the literal 'daylight' sense."},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάεα","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b17-l40","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and lamenting she spoke winged words to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"\"Winged words\"","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' is among the most famous Homeric formulas, picturing speech flying from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρομένη","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words,' the Iliad/Odyssey's signature speech-introduction formula."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b17-l41","source":"ἦλθες, Τηλέμαχε, γλυκερὸν φάος. οὔ σʼ ἔτʼ ἐγώ\n                     γε","translation":"\"You have come, Telemachus, sweet light. I no longer","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχε","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"γλυκερὸν","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"light","note":"φάος 'light' as vocative endearment for a beloved person, echoing the eyes-as-lights image above."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφάμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b17-l42","source":"ὄψεσθαι ἐφάμην, ἐπεὶ ᾤχεο νηῒ Πύλονδε","translation":"thought to see you, after you went by ship to Pylos","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεσθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought","note":"ἐφάμην + infinitive 'I thought/said (to myself) that...' — φημί's middle imperfect expressing expectation."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ᾤχεο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you had gone"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾤχεο","gloss":"by ship"},{"surface":"Πύλονδε","lemma":"Πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχεο","gloss":"to Pylos","note":"Πυλόνδε, directional suffix -δε 'to/toward Pylos' attached straight onto the place name."}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b17-l43","source":"λάθρη, ἐμεῦ ἀέκητι, φίλου μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουήν.","translation":"secretly, against my will, for news of your dear father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρη","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"against the will of"},{"surface":"φίλου","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκουήν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀκουήν","lemma":"ἀκοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"news"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b17-l44","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας ὀπωπῆς.","translation":"But come, tell me how you met with the sight of him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατάλεξον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"κατάλεξον, aorist imperative of καταλέγω 'recount in order' — used for formal narration requests."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἤντησας","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"you met"},{"surface":"ὀπωπῆς","lemma":"ὀπωπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤντησας","gloss":"sight of him"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b17-l45","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"\"Sound of sense\"","body":"πεπνυμένος, a perfect participle meaning 'discreet, wise,' is Telemachus' standing epithet. The whole line is a formulaic reply-introduction."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense' — Telemachus's standing epithet marking his maturity."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b17-l46","source":"μῆτερ ἐμή, μή μοι γόον ὄρνυθι μηδέ μοι ἦτορ","translation":"\"My mother, do not rouse lament in me, nor stir my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμή","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄρνυθι","gloss":"in me"},{"surface":"γόον","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρνυθι","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"ὄρνυθι","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir up","note":"μή + imperative ὄρνυθι, prohibition 'do not rouse' — vivid present imperative for immediate command."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b17-l47","source":"ἐν στήθεσσιν ὄρινε φυγόντι περ αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον·","translation":"in my breast, when I have just escaped sheer destruction.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir"},{"surface":"φυγόντι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having escaped","note":"φυγόντι περ, concessive participle 'though having escaped' — περ marks the concessive nuance."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φυγόντι","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b17-l48","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα,","translation":"But wash yourself, take clean garments upon your body,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑδρηναμένη","lemma":"ὑδραίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"καθαρὰ","lemma":"καθαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵμαθ᾽","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλοῦσα","gloss":"on your body"},{"surface":"εἵμαθ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλοῦσα","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having taken","note":"a chain of aorist participles (ὑδρηναμένη...ἑλοῦσα) sequencing actions before the main imperative later."}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b17-l49","source":"εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶν","translation":"go up to the upper room with your attendant women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὑπερῷ","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"upper room"},{"surface":"ἀναβᾶσα","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having gone up"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναιξὶν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b17-l50","source":"εὔχεο πᾶσι θεοῖσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας","translation":"and vow to all the gods that you will offer perfect hecatombs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray","note":"εὔχεο, middle imperative 'vow/pray' — the middle voice marks the personal stake in the vow."},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχεο","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τεληέσσας","lemma":"τελήεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b17-l51","source":"ῥέξειν, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς ἄντιτα ἔργα τελέσσῃ.","translation":"if Zeus should somehow bring about deeds of requital.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέξειν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεο","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσσῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄντιτα","lemma":"ἄντιτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"requiting"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσσῃ","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"τελέσσῃ","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"accomplish","note":"αἴ κε + subjunctive τελέσσῃ, a future-more-vivid conditional idiom typical of Homeric hopeful clauses."}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b17-l52","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἀγορὴν ἐσελεύσομαι, ὄφρα καλέσσω","translation":"But I will go to the assembly, so that I may call","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσελεύσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐσελεύσομαι","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἐσελεύσομαι","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go into"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καλέσσω","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may call","note":"ὄφρα + subjunctive καλέσσω, purpose clause 'so that I may summon.'"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b17-l53","source":"ξεῖνον, ὅτις μοι κεῖθεν ἅμʼ ἕσπετο δεῦρο κιόντι.","translation":"a stranger, who followed me here from there as I came.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καλέσσω","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕσπετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἕσπετο","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξεῖνον","gloss":"followed","note":"ἕσπετο, root aorist of ἕπομαι 'follow' — archaic athematic form typical of high epic diction."},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιόντι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κιόντι","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as I came"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b17-l54","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προὔπεμψα σὺν ἀντιθέοις ἑτάροισι,","translation":"I sent him ahead with my godlike companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προὔπεμψα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προὔπεμψα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"προὔπεμψα","lemma":"προπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent ahead"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοις","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b17-l55","source":"Πείραιον δέ μιν ἠνώγεα προτὶ οἶκον ἄγοντα","translation":"and I bade Peiraeus, leading him to his house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πείραιον","lemma":"Πείραιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Peiraeus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἠνώγεα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bade","note":"ἠνώγεα, pluperfect of defective ἄνωγα 'command,' used with present force 'I had bidden/I bade.'"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἄγοντα","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"leading"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b17-l56","source":"ἐνδυκέως φιλέειν καὶ τιέμεν, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθω.","translation":"to entertain and honor him kindly, until I should come.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλέειν","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"φιλέειν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to entertain"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιέμεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to honor"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλθω","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἔλθω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"I come","note":"εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθω, 'until whenever I come' — indefinite temporal clause with κεν + subjunctive."}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b17-l57","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, τῇ δʼ ἄπτερος ἔπλετο μῦθος.","translation":"So he spoke, and the word remained unwinged for her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄπτερος ἔπλετο μῦθος","title":"\"The word stayed unwinged\"","body":"Literally 'the word became wingless for her,' a Homeric idiom meaning she took his words to heart silently, raising no objection. It plays against the usual 'winged words.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφώνησεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφώνησεν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄπτερος","lemma":"ἄπτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unwinged","note":"ἄπτερος μῦθος 'unwinged word' = a word that did not fly away unheeded, i.e. it hit its mark"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"the word"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b17-l58","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα,","translation":"And she washed herself, took clean garments upon her body,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑδρηναμένη","lemma":"ὑδραίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having bathed","note":"aorist middle participle: she washed herself (middle voice = action on oneself)"},{"surface":"καθαρὰ","lemma":"καθαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵμαθ᾽","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλοῦσα","gloss":"on her skin","note":"dative χροΐ 'on/for the body' with ἑλοῦσα — locative-flavored dative"},{"surface":"εἵμαθ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλοῦσα","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b17-l59","source":"εὔχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας","translation":"and vowed to all the gods that she would offer perfect hecatombs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she prayed"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"τεληέσσας","lemma":"τελήεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"perfect","note":"τελήεις 'complete, unblemished' — the formal epithet for sacrificial hecatombs"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b17-l60","source":"ῥέξειν, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς ἄντιτα ἔργα τελέσσῃ.","translation":"if Zeus should somehow bring about deeds of requital.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέξειν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσσῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄντιτα","lemma":"ἄντιτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of requital","note":"ἄντιτα ἔργα 'deeds in return' — the requital/vengeance owed to the suitors"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσσῃ","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"τελέσσῃ","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"should bring about"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b17-l61","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα διὲκ μεγάροιο βεβήκει","translation":"Then Telemachus went out through the great hall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out through"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone","note":"pluperfect βεβήκει gives a vivid 'already had gone' snapshot, typical of epic narrative pacing"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b17-l62","source":"ἔγχος ἔχων· ἅμα τῷ γε δύω κύνες ἀργοὶ ἕποντο.","translation":"spear in hand; and two swift dogs followed along with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"a spear"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀργοὶ","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift","note":"ἀργός 'swift/glistening-white' — stock epithet for hunting dogs"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b17-l63","source":"θεσπεσίην δʼ ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατέχευεν Ἀθήνη·","translation":"And Athena shed a divine grace upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χάριν","title":"kharis: divine grace","body":"χάρις here is a radiant attractiveness that a god pours over a mortal, making others marvel at them. Athena does the same for Odysseus elsewhere."}],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίην","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάριν","gloss":"divine","note":"θεσπέσιος 'god-spoken, divine' intensifies χάριν — Athena's beautifying favor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"κατέχευεν","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured down","note":"καταχέω 'pour down upon' — a physical verb used metaphorically for divinely bestowed beauty"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατέχευεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b17-l64","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρα πάντες λαοὶ ἐπερχόμενον θηεῦντο.","translation":"and all the people gazed in wonder as he came on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θηεῦντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θηεῦντο","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἐπερχόμενον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming on"},{"surface":"θηεῦντο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gazed in wonder"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b17-l65","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες ἠγερέθοντο","translation":"Around him the lordly suitors gathered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"lordly"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered","note":"rare epic verb ἠγερέθομαι, an expanded/reduplicated form of ἀγείρω 'gather' for metrical fit"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b17-l66","source":"ἔσθλʼ ἀγορεύοντες, κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ βυσσοδόμευον.","translation":"speaking fair words, but brooding evil in their hearts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l66.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔσθλʼ... κακὰ δὲ","title":"men/de antithesis","body":"The line sets 'good things they spoke' against 'evil they brooded' through a δέ antithesis — the source contains no μέν, only δέ. The contrast is between the participial phrase ἔσθλʼ ἀγορεύοντες and the main clause κακὰ δὲ … βυσσοδόμευον, sharpening the suitors' two-facedness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθλ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύοντες","gloss":"fair things","note":"ἐσθλά 'good/fine things' i.e. flattering words — contrasted with κακά in the same line"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύοντες","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βυσσοδόμευον","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to βυσσοδόμευον","gloss":"in their hearts"},{"surface":"βυσσοδόμευον","lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were brooding","note":"βυσσοδομεύω lit. 'build in the depths' — vivid image of scheming hidden in the mind"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b17-l67","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ τῶν μὲν ἔπειτα ἀλεύατο πουλὺν ὅμιλον,","translation":"But he then avoided their great crowd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλεύατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"πουλὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλεύατο","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b17-l68","source":"ἀλλʼ ἵνα Μέντωρ ἧστο καὶ Ἄντιφος ἠδʼ Ἁλιθέρσης,","translation":"and went where Mentor sat, and Antiphus and Halitherses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Μέντωρ","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔνθα","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄντιφος","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Antiphus"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἁλιθέρσης","lemma":"Ἁλιθέρσης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Halitherses"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b17-l69","source":"οἵ τε οἱ ἐξ ἀρχῆς πατρώϊοι ἦσαν ἑταῖροι,","translation":"who from the beginning were his father's companions;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀρχῆς","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"the beginning"},{"surface":"πατρώϊοι","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"his father's","note":"πατρώιος 'of the father' — marks these men as inherited family friends, not new allies"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b17-l70","source":"ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἰών· τοὶ δʼ ἐξερέεινον ἕκαστα.","translation":"there he went and sat down; and they questioned him on each thing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καθέζετ","lemma":"καθέζετο","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat down"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξερέεινον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξερέεινον","lemma":"ἐξερεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξερέεινον","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b17-l71","source":"τοῖσι δὲ Πείραιος δουρικλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν","translation":"Then Peiraeus, famed for his spear, came near to them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πείραιος","lemma":"Πείραιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Peiraeus"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πείραιος","gloss":"spear-famed","note":"δουρικλειτός 'famed for the spear' — a personal epithet marking Peiraeus as a warrior"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b17-l72","source":"ξεῖνον ἄγων ἀγορήνδε διὰ πτόλιν· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν","translation":"leading the stranger through the city to the assembly; nor for long","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἀγορήνδε","lemma":"ἀγορήνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"to the assembly","note":"ἀγορήνδε: directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the agora,' built onto a noun like an adverb"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τράπετ᾽","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τράπετ᾽","gloss":"for long"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b17-l73","source":"Τηλέμαχος ξείνοιο ἑκὰς τράπετʼ, ἀλλὰ παρέστη.","translation":"did Telemachus turn away from the stranger, but stood beside him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ξείνοιο","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"from the stranger"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"τράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned away","note":"οὐδ᾽... ἑκὰς τράπετ᾽ 'did not turn far away' — litotes, i.e. he stayed close"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b17-l74","source":"τὸν καὶ Πείραιος πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"And Peiraeus was first to speak a word to him:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πείραιος","lemma":"Πείραιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"Peiraeus"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b17-l75","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, αἶψʼ ὄτρυνον ἐμὸν ποτὶ δῶμα\n                     γυναῖκας,","translation":"\"Telemachus, quickly send your women to my house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus (voc.)"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b17-l76","source":"ὥς τοι δῶρʼ ἀποπέμψω, ἅ τοι Μενέλαος ἔδωκε.","translation":"so that I may send back to you the gifts Menelaus gave you.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀποπέμψω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποπέμψω","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἀποπέμψω","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"I may send back"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρ᾽","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b17-l77","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος 'thoughtful, prudent' — the standing formulaic epithet for Telemachus in speech scenes"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b17-l78","source":"Πείραιʼ, οὐ γάρ τʼ ἴδμεν ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα.","translation":"\"Peiraeus, we do not know how these matters will turn out.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πείραι","lemma":"Πείραιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Peiraeus (voc.)"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we know","note":"perfect ἴδμεν (from οἶδα) has present force 'we know' — a common quirk of this perfect"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"will turn out"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"matters"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b17-l79","source":"εἴ κεν ἐμὲ μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες ἐν μεγάροισι","translation":"If the lordly suitors, in the halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτείναντες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δάσωνται","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"lordly"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b17-l80","source":"λάθρη κτείναντες πατρώϊα πάντα δάσωνται,","translation":"kill me by stealth and divide all my father's goods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρη","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτείναντες","gloss":"by stealth"},{"surface":"κτείναντες","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δάσωνται","gloss":"having killed"},{"surface":"πατρώϊα","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δάσωνται","gloss":"my father's goods"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πατρώϊα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δάσωνται","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"divide up"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b17-l81","source":"αὐτὸν ἔχοντά σε βούλομʼ ἐπαυρέμεν, ἤ τινα τῶνδε·","translation":"I would rather you keep and enjoy them than one of these men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"ἔχοντά","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"keeping","note":"αὐτὸν ἔχοντά σε 'you yourself possessing them' — accusative + participle construction after βούλομαι"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βούλομ","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would rather"},{"surface":"ἐπαυρέμεν","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of βούλομ᾽","gloss":"enjoy"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τῶνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of these"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b17-l82","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἐγὼ τούτοισι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φυτεύσω,","translation":"But if I sow death and doom for them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l82.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φόνον καὶ κῆρα","title":"\"Slaughter and doom\"","body":"κήρ is the personified spirit of death and fated destruction, paired here with φόνος, 'slaughter.' The verb 'sow/plant' (φυτεύσω) makes the violence agricultural."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φυτεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τούτοισι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φυτεύσω","gloss":"for these"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"φυτεύσω","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"sow","note":"φυτεύω 'plant, sow' used metaphorically for bringing about death and fate"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b17-l83","source":"δὴ τότε μοι χαίροντι φέρειν πρὸς δώματα χαίρων.","translation":"then gladly bring them to my house, and I will gladly receive them.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρειν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρειν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"χαίροντι","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"my house"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρειν","gloss":"rejoicing","note":"χαίροντι...χαίρων frames the line: giver and receiver both 'rejoicing' — a neat verbal echo"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b17-l84","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ξεῖνον ταλαπείριον ἦγεν ἐς οἶκον.","translation":"So speaking, he led the long-suffering stranger to the house.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦγεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦγεν","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ταλαπείριον","lemma":"ταλαπείριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"long-suffering","note":"ταλαπείριος 'much-enduring' — an epithet marking the disguised Odysseus as a weathered wanderer"},{"surface":"ἦγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b17-l85","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκοντο δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,","translation":"But when they reached the well-built halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"they reached","note":"unaugmented aorist middle ἵκοντο, epic 3pl of ἱκνέομαι 'arrive at'"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"dwelling","note":"stock Homeric formula δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας, 'well-inhabited halls'"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b17-l86","source":"χλαίνας μὲν κατέθεντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε,","translation":"they laid down their cloaks on the chairs and seats,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατέθεντο","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(marks contrast)"},{"surface":"κατέθεντο","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they laid down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"κλισμούς","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"correlative τε...τε 'both...and' links κλισμούς and θρόνους"},{"surface":"θρόνους","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b17-l87","source":"ἐς δʼ ἀσαμίνθους βάντες ἐϋξέστας λούσαντο.","translation":"and stepping into the polished bathtubs they washed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσαμίνθους","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"bathtubs"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λούσαντο","gloss":"stepping","note":"aorist participle βάντες, 'having stepped'—describes the manner of entering before washing"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστας","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσαμίνθους","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"λούσαντο","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they washed"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b17-l88","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ,","translation":"And when the handmaids had washed them and anointed them with oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"λοῦσαν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"washed","note":"unaugmented aorist λοῦσαν (active, transitive) vs middle λούσαντο in l87 'washed themselves'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρῖσαν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"anointed"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσαν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b17-l89","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαίνας οὔλας βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνας,","translation":"and had thrown thick cloaks and tunics about them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"οὔλας","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"thick","note":"οὖλος 'woolly, thick' describing warm cloaks—common epic material epithet"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"threw about"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b17-l90","source":"ἔκ ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθων βάντες ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι καθῖζον.","translation":"they stepped out of the baths and sat down on the chairs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀσαμίνθων","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"baths"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"stepping"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κλισμοῖσι","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down","note":"imperfect καθῖζον marks the ongoing scene-setting act before the meal begins"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b17-l91","source":"χέρνιβα δʼ ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε φέρουσα","translation":"A handmaid brought water for the hands and poured it from a pitcher,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρνιβα","lemma":"χέρνιψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"water for hands"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολος","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"handmaid"},{"surface":"προχόῳ","lemma":"πρόχοος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέχευε","gloss":"pitcher"},{"surface":"ἐπέχευε","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"typical Homeric hand-washing formula before a meal, repeated across the epics almost verbatim"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέχευε","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b17-l92","source":"καλῇ χρυσείῃ, ὑπὲρ ἀργυρέοιο λέβητος,","translation":"a fine golden one, over a silver basin,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies προχόῳ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"χρυσείῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies προχόῳ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοιο","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητος","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"λέβητος","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"basin"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b17-l93","source":"νίψασθαι· παρὰ δὲ ξεστὴν ἐτάνυσσε τράπεζαν.","translation":"for washing; and she drew a polished table beside them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίψασθαι","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐπέχευε","gloss":"for washing"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξεστὴν","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζαν","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew up"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b17-l94","source":"σῖτον δʼ αἰδοίη ταμίη παρέθηκε φέρουσα,","translation":"The honored housekeeper brought bread and set it by them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ταμίη","gloss":"honored","note":"αἰδοίη 'worthy of respect'—stock epithet for trusted household staff like the ταμίη"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέθηκε","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"παρέθηκε","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set beside"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b17-l95","source":"εἴδατα πόλλʼ ἐπιθεῖσα, χαριζομένη παρεόντων.","translation":"laying out many dishes, freely giving of her store.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴδατα","lemma":"εἶδαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιθεῖσα","gloss":"dishes"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἴδατα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖσα","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"laying out"},{"surface":"χαριζομένη","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"giving freely","note":"middle voice χαριζομένη, 'graciously sharing'—generosity from her own stores"},{"surface":"παρεόντων","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"object of χαριζομένη","gloss":"of what was on hand"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b17-l96","source":"μήτηρ δʼ ἀντίον ἷζε παρὰ σταθμὸν μεγάροιο","translation":"And the mother sat across from them by the doorpost of the hall,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἷζε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"doorpost"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"of the hall"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b17-l97","source":"κλισμῷ κεκλιμένη, λέπτʼ ἠλάκατα στρωφῶσα.","translation":"reclining on a chair, spinning fine threads of yarn.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλισμῷ","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένη","gloss":"on a chair"},{"surface":"κεκλιμένη","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"reclining","note":"perfect participle κεκλιμένη, 'having settled back'—stative perfect gives a lingering posture"},{"surface":"λέπτ","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἠλάκατα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἠλάκατα","lemma":"ἠλάκατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στρωφῶσα","gloss":"threads of yarn"},{"surface":"στρωφῶσα","lemma":"στρωφάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"spinning"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b17-l98","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον,","translation":"Then they laid their hands on the good things spread ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"lying before them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out","note":"Homeric formula χεῖρας ἴαλλον 'put forth their hands,' marking the start of a meal"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b17-l99","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"\"Put away desire\"","body":"A standard meal-closing formula: literally 'they sent forth the desire' for food and drink, i.e., they had eaten their fill."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(intensifying)"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put away","note":"formulaic ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο 'they sent forth [gave up] desire'—standard end-of-meal line"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b17-l100","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"thoughtful Penelope began to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"περίφρων, stock epithet 'circumspect, prudent'—always attached to Penelope"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b17-l101","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, ἦ τοι ἐγὼν ὑπερώϊον εἰσαναβᾶσα","translation":"\"Telemachus, truly I will go up to the upper room","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of λέξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὑπερώϊον","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσαναβᾶσα","gloss":"upper room"},{"surface":"εἰσαναβᾶσα","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λέξομαι","gloss":"going up"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b17-l102","source":"λέξομαι εἰς εὐνήν, ἥ μοι στονόεσσα τέτυκται,","translation":"and lie down on my bed, which has become for me a thing of grief,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λέξομαι","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will lie down"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"εὐνήν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τέτυκται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"στονόεσσα","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of τέτυκται","gloss":"grief-laden"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing εὐνήν","gloss":"has become","note":"perfect τέτυκται 'has been made [and remains]'—the bed's sorrowful state persists"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b17-l103","source":"αἰεὶ δάκρυσʼ ἐμοῖσι πεφυρμένη, ἐξ οὗ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"always stained with my tears, ever since Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφυρμένη","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δάκρυσ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεφυρμένη","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσι","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυσ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πεφυρμένη","lemma":"φύρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τέτυκται","gloss":"drenched","note":"perfect participle πεφυρμένη 'soaked through'—an enduring state of the tear-stained bed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ᾤχεθ᾽","gloss":"the time when"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχεθ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b17-l104","source":"ᾤχεθʼ ἅμʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἐς Ἴλιον· οὐδέ μοι ἔτλης,","translation":"went off with the sons of Atreus to Ilium. But you did not bring yourself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχεθ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"went off"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"sons of Atreus","note":"patronymic Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν, 'the Atreidae'—Agamemnon and Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέμεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔτλης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you brought yourself"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b17-l105","source":"πρὶν ἐλθεῖν μνηστῆρας ἀγήνορας ἐς τόδε δῶμα,","translation":"before the lordly suitors came into this house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"lordly"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b17-l106","source":"νόστον σοῦ πατρὸς σάφα εἰπέμεν, εἴ που ἄκουσας.","translation":"to tell me clearly of your father's return, if you heard anything.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l106.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos: homecoming","body":"νόστος is the 'homecoming,' the central theme of the whole poem. Here Penelope asks whether Telemachus learned anything of Odysseus' return."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰπέμεν","gloss":"the return"},{"surface":"σοῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπέμεν","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἰπέμεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλης","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἄκουσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you heard"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b17-l107","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, stock epithet 'sound-minded'—regularly paired with Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b17-l108","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, μῆτερ, ἀληθείην καταλέξω.","translation":"\"Well then, mother, I will tell you the truth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἀληθείην","lemma":"ἀλήθεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b17-l109","source":"ᾠχόμεθʼ ἔς τε Πύλον καὶ Νέστορα, ποιμένα λαῶν·","translation":"We went to Pylos and to Nestor, shepherd of the people;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιμένα λαῶν","title":"\"Shepherd of the people\"","body":"ποιμὴν λαῶν, 'shepherd of the host,' is a recurring epithet for a ruler who guides and guards his people like a shepherd his flock."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾠχόμεθ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we went"},{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"shepherd","note":"epic epithet ποιμένα λαῶν 'shepherd of the people,' a formula for kings"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b17-l110","source":"δεξάμενος δέ με κεῖνος ἐν ὑψηλοῖσι δόμοισιν","translation":"and he, receiving me in his lofty halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξάμενος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφίλει","gloss":"receiving"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφίλει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφίλει","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖσι","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b17-l111","source":"ἐνδυκέως ἐφίλει, ὡς εἴ τε πατὴρ ἑὸν υἱὸν","translation":"welcomed me kindly, as a father welcomes his own son","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίλει","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἐφίλει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welcomed","note":"imperfect ἐφίλει 'kept treating warmly,' describing sustained hospitality, not a single act"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a father"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b17-l112","source":"ἐλθόντα χρόνιον νέον ἄλλοθεν· ὣς ἐμὲ κεῖνος","translation":"come home after long years from far away; so that man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having come","note":"circumstantial aorist participle describing the returning son of the simile"},{"surface":"χρόνιον","lemma":"χρόνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"after long time"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντα","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντα","gloss":"from elsewhere"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκόμιζε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκόμιζε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκόμιζε","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b17-l113","source":"ἐνδυκέως ἐκόμιζε σὺν υἱάσι κυδαλίμοισιν.","translation":"tended me kindly, together with his glorious sons.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκόμιζε","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἐκόμιζε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tended, cared for","note":"Iterative-flavor imperfect: ongoing care over the boy's stay, not a single act."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοισιν","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱάσι","gloss":"glorious","note":"Formulaic epithet for noble sons; fills the line's final feet."}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b17-l114","source":"αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος οὔ ποτʼ ἔφασκεν,","translation":"But of stout-hearted Odysseus he said he had never","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταλασίφρονος","title":"stout-hearted","body":"A recurring epithet of Odysseus, literally 'enduring-minded' — combining the sense of patient endurance with steady resolve."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκοῦσαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"stout-hearted","note":"ταλασίφρων 'enduring-minded', a recurring epithet stressing Odysseus's patience."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔφασκεν","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said, claimed"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b17-l115","source":"ζωοῦ οὐδὲ θανόντος, ἐπιχθονίων τευ ἀκοῦσαι·","translation":"heard a word from any man on earth, alive or dead.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωοῦ","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having died","note":"Genitive participle paired with ζωοῦ: 'of one alive or dead', a polar expression covering all cases."},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίων","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"of earth-dwellers"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀκοῦσαι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀκοῦσαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασκεν","gloss":"to have heard"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b17-l116","source":"ἀλλά μʼ ἐς Ἀτρεΐδην, δουρικλειτὸν Μενέλαον,","translation":"Instead he sent me on to Atreus' son, Menelaos famed for the spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, instead"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προὔπεμψε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δουρικλειτὸν","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"famed for the spear","note":"Standard heroic epithet for Menelaos, matching the meter."},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Menelaos"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b17-l117","source":"ἵπποισι προὔπεμψε καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν.","translation":"with horses and a chariot well joined together.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with horses"},{"surface":"προὔπεμψε","lemma":"προπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth","note":"The προ- prefix marks sending onward/ahead. προὔπεμψε contracts the prefix vowel with the augment (προ + ἔπεμψε); that is ordinary contraction within a compound verb, not crasis (which joins two separate words, e.g. καὶ ἐγώ → κἀγώ)."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασι","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κολλητοῖσιν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμασι","gloss":"well-joined"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b17-l118","source":"ἔνθʼ ἴδον Ἀργείην Ἑλένην, ἧς εἵνεκα πολλὰ","translation":"There I saw Argive Helen, for whose sake so many","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"Ἀργείην","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένην","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"Ἑλένην","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"whose","note":"Genitive of the relative pronoun with εἵνεκα ('for the sake of'), governing the preposition rather than following it."},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μόγησαν","gloss":"many things"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b17-l119","source":"Ἀργεῖοι Τρῶές τε θεῶν ἰότητι μόγησαν.","translation":"Argives and Trojans suffered by the will of the gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μόγησαν","gloss":"by the will","note":"ἰότητι, an old instrumental-dative noun surviving almost only in this formula 'by the will of the gods'."},{"surface":"μόγησαν","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἑλένην","gloss":"suffered, toiled"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b17-l120","source":"εἴρετο δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"Then at once Menelaos, good at the war-cry, asked me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l120.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοὴν ἀγαθὸς","title":"good at the war-cry","body":"A stock heroic epithet, literally 'good at the battle-shout' — marking a warrior's prowess in rallying men."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρετο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"in the war-cry","note":"βοὴν ἀγαθός: an accusative of respect ('good in respect of the war-cry'), the standard epithet for Menelaos."},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴρετο","gloss":"Menelaos"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b17-l121","source":"ὅττευ χρηΐζων ἱκόμην Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν·","translation":"what need had brought me to noble Lacedaemon;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττευ","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of χρηΐζων","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"χρηΐζων","lemma":"χρῄζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμην","gloss":"needing, wanting"},{"surface":"ἱκόμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἴρετο","gloss":"I had come"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονα","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκόμην","gloss":"to Lacedaemon"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b17-l122","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τῷ πᾶσαν ἀληθείην κατέλεξα·","translation":"and I told him the whole truth in full.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέλεξα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέλεξα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀληθείην","gloss":"all, whole"},{"surface":"ἀληθείην","lemma":"ἀλήθεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέλεξα","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"κατέλεξα","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told, recounted","note":"κατα- prefix gives 'tell in full/in order', matching πᾶσαν ('the whole truth')."}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b17-l123","source":"καὶ τότε δή με ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"And then he answered me with these words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed","note":"προσέειπεν ἀμειβόμενος is a common Homeric formula introducing direct speech."}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b17-l124","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ κρατερόφρονος ἀνδρὸς ἐν\n                        εὐνῇ","translation":"'Shame on them! So into the bed of a strong-hearted man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l124.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὢ πόποι","title":"Shame on them!","body":"An exclamation of indignation or dismay, common in Homer when a speaker reacts with outrage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"shame, alas","note":"Exclamatory ὢ πόποι opens Menelaos's indignant speech; no verb governs it directly."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κρατερόφρονος","lemma":"κρατερόφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"strong-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εὐνῇ","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εὐνῇ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b17-l125","source":"ἤθελον εὐνηθῆναι, ἀνάλκιδες αὐτοὶ ἐόντες.","translation":"they wished to lie, cowards that they are themselves.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they wished"},{"surface":"εὐνηθῆναι","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελον","gloss":"to lie down"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδες","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cowards","note":"Predicate adjective: 'being themselves cowards' explains why the suitors' wish is shameful."},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤθελον","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b17-l126","source":"ὡς δʼ ὁπότʼ ἐν ξυλόχῳ ἔλαφος κρατεροῖο λέοντος","translation":"As when a deer in the thicket of a mighty lion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ξυλόχῳ","lemma":"ξύλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"thicket"},{"surface":"ἔλαφος","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξερέῃσι","gloss":"a deer","note":"Opens an extended epic simile comparing the suitors' fate to a fawn caught in a lion's lair."},{"surface":"κρατεροῖο","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέοντος","gloss":"of a mighty"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξυλόχῳ","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b17-l127","source":"νεβροὺς κοιμήσασα νεηγενέας γαλαθηνοὺς","translation":"has laid her newborn suckling fawns to sleep,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεβροὺς","lemma":"νεβρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κοιμήσασα","gloss":"fawns"},{"surface":"κοιμήσασα","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέῃσι","gloss":"having laid to sleep"},{"surface":"νεηγενέας","lemma":"νεηγενής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεβροὺς","gloss":"newborn"},{"surface":"γαλαθηνοὺς","lemma":"γαλαθηνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεβροὺς","gloss":"suckling"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b17-l128","source":"κνημοὺς ἐξερέῃσι καὶ ἄγκεα ποιήεντα","translation":"and roams the mountain slopes and grassy glens","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνημοὺς","lemma":"κνημός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mountain slopes"},{"surface":"ἐξερέῃσι","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"roams, searches","note":"Subjunctive in a vivid 'whenever' clause (ὁπότε + subj.), describing the doe's habitual roaming."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγκεα","lemma":"ἄγκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"glens"},{"surface":"ποιήεντα","lemma":"ποιήεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄγκεα","gloss":"grassy"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b17-l129","source":"βοσκομένη, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα ἑὴν εἰσήλυθεν εὐνήν,","translation":"to graze, and then the lion comes into his lair","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοσκομένη","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέῃσι","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσήλυθεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσήλυθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies εὐνήν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"εἰσήλυθεν","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"came into"},{"surface":"εὐνήν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσήλυθεν","gloss":"lair"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b17-l130","source":"ἀμφοτέροισι δὲ τοῖσιν ἀεικέα πότμον ἐφῆκεν,","translation":"and looses a hideous doom upon them both —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσιν","gloss":"upon both"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πότμον","gloss":"hideous"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκεν","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sent, let loose","note":"ἐφίημι here means 'let loose upon, inflict', governing πότμον as its object."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b17-l131","source":"ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς κείνοισιν ἀεικέα πότμον ἐφήσει.","translation":"so will Odysseus loose a hideous doom on these men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l131.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀεικέα πότμον","title":"hideous doom","body":"The repetition of 'hideous doom' from the simile (130) to its application (131) seals the comparison: what the lion does to the fawns, Odysseus will do to the suitors."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφήσει","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφήσει","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κείνοισιν","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφήσει","gloss":"on those men"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πότμον","gloss":"hideous"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσει","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐφήσει","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will loose, inflict","note":"Future echoes ἐφῆκεν in l.130, completing the simile's application to the suitors."}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b17-l132","source":"αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον,","translation":"Would that — by father Zeus, Athena, and Apollo —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l132.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γάρ","title":"wish for the impossible","body":"The particle 'ai gar' introduces a strong wish; the verbs that follow are in the optative, the mood Greek uses for wishes."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἴ γάρ introduces a wish, reinforced by the following vocatives to Zeus, Athena, Apollo."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b17-l133","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν οἷός ποτʼ ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐνὶ Λέσβῳ","translation":"he were such as once in well-built Lesbos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οἷός","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as","note":"τοῖος...οἷος correlative: 'such as he once was', setting up the wrestling anecdote."},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένῃ","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λέσβῳ","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Λέσβῳ","lemma":"Λέσβος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Lesbos"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b17-l134","source":"ἐξ ἔριδος Φιλομηλεΐδῃ ἐπάλαισεν ἀναστάς,","translation":"he rose to wrestle Philomeleides out of a quarrel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"a quarrel"},{"surface":"Φιλομηλεΐδῃ","lemma":"Φιλομηλεΐδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπάλαισεν","gloss":"Philomeleides","note":"A local king/wrestler; obscure figure known chiefly from this anecdote."},{"surface":"ἐπάλαισεν","lemma":"παλαίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wrestled"},{"surface":"ἀναστάς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπάλαισεν","gloss":"rising up"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b17-l135","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔβαλε κρατερῶς, κεχάροντο δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"and threw him hard, so that all the Achaeans rejoiced —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κάδ (apocope of κατά) + ἔβαλε: 'threw down', a common Homeric tmesis-like split verb."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλε","gloss":"mightily"},{"surface":"κεχάροντο","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεχάροντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b17-l136","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν μνηστῆρσιν ὁμιλήσειεν Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"such an Odysseus, were he to come among the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμιλήσειεν","gloss":"among the suitors"},{"surface":"ὁμιλήσειεν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would mingle, meet","note":"Optative expresses an unreal wish/condition: 'if such an Odysseus were to meet the suitors'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμιλήσειεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b17-l137","source":"πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε.","translation":"they would all find a swift death and a bitter marriage.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l137.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πικρόγαμοι","title":"bitter marriage","body":"A compact compound, 'bitter-married' — the suitors' courtship of Penelope would prove their ruin."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of γενοίατο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]"},{"surface":"ὠκύμοροί","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift-fated","note":"ὠκύμοροι and πικρόγαμοι are rare compound adjectives coined for grim wordplay: 'quick-doomed' and 'bitter-wed'."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γενοίατο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would become"},{"surface":"πικρόγαμοί","lemma":"πικρόγαμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bitterly-wed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b17-l138","source":"ταῦτα δʼ ἅ μʼ εἰρωτᾷς καὶ λίσσεαι, οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ γε","translation":"But as for what you ask and beg of me, I would not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰρωτᾷς","lemma":"ἐρωτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"you ask"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίσσεαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b17-l139","source":"ἄλλα παρὲξ εἴποιμι παρακλιδὸν οὐδʼ ἀπατήσω,","translation":"speak otherwise, off the point, nor would I deceive you;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παρὲξ","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"παρὲξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside the point"},{"surface":"εἴποιμι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"οὐκ ἂν...εἴποιμι...οὐδ' ἀπατήσω: a mixed potential/future construction affirming Menelaos's honesty."},{"surface":"παρακλιδὸν","lemma":"παρακλιδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴποιμι","gloss":"aslant, evasively"},{"surface":"ἀπατήσω","lemma":"ἀπατάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nor will I deceive"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b17-l140","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μέν μοι ἔειπε γέρων ἅλιος νημερτής,","translation":"rather, what the unerring old man of the sea told me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"the things"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"told, said"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"old man","note":"Refers to Proteus, the shape-shifting 'Old Man of the Sea' whom Menelaos wrestled for prophecy."},{"surface":"ἅλιος","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"νημερτής","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"unerring"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b17-l141","source":"τῶν οὐδέν τοι ἐγὼ κρύψω ἔπος οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω.","translation":"of that I will hide no word from you nor conceal it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"οὐδέν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"no, nothing","note":"οὐδέν negates ἔπος: 'no word' — reinforced by οὐδ᾽ ...ἐπικεύσω later in the line."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κρύψω","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hide"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἐπικεύσω","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nor conceal","note":"ἐπικεύθω, a rare compound of κεύθω 'hide' — pairs with κρύψω for emphatic doubling, typical epic style."}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b17-l142","source":"φῆ μιν ὅ γʼ ἐν νήσῳ ἰδέειν κρατέρʼ ἄλγεʼ ἔχοντα,","translation":"He said he had seen him on an island, suffering bitter griefs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said","note":"φῆ = imperfect of φημί, 'he was saying/said' — introduces indirect statement with infinitive ἰδέειν."},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδέειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νήσῳ","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φῆ","gloss":"to have seen","note":"ἰδέειν is the epic uncontracted aorist infinitive of εἶδον (root ἰδ-), 'see' — object of φῆ in indirect discourse."},{"surface":"κρατέρ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγε᾽","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having, suffering"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b17-l143","source":"νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς, ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ","translation":"in the halls of the nymph Calypso, who holds him there","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφης","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Καλυψοῦς","gloss":"nymph"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Καλυψοῦς","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"Calypso's","note":"Καλυψώ is traditionally derived from καλύπτω, 'to cover, conceal' — fitting since she conceals Odysseus on her island. That is a different root from κρύπτω/κεύθω in the previous line, not a direct wordplay on them."},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσχει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴσχει","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b17-l144","source":"ἴσχει· ὁ δʼ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"by force; and he cannot reach his native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Καλυψοῦς","gloss":"holds","note":"ἴσχω, an intensive present stem of ἔχω, 'holds fast, restrains' — fits ἀνάγκῃ, 'by constraint.'"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύναται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός/ἥν is the possessive-reflexive adjective 'his own' (epic 3rd-person possessive), not a relative pronoun here."},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b17-l145","source":"οὐ γάρ οἱ πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι,","translation":"for he has no oared ships at hand and no companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at hand","note":"πάρα here stands for πάρεισι/πάρεστι, 'are at hand' — anastrophe of παρά with accent thrown back, doing double duty as verb+preposition."},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπήρετμοι","lemma":"ἐπήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"oared"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b17-l146","source":"οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης","translation":"to send him on over the broad back of the sea.'","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l146.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης","title":"broad back of the sea","body":"A vivid Homeric image — the sea's surface pictured as a wide, rolling 'back' to be traveled across."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμποιεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμποιεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέμποιεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"might send","note":"optative + κέν expresses potential result: 'who might send him' — epic optative of unfulfilled possibility."},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"back","note":"νῶτα θαλάσσης, 'the back of the sea' — a stock Homeric formula for the open sea's surface."},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b17-l147","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀτρεΐδης, δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος.","translation":"So spoke Atreus' son, Menelaos famed for the spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δουρικλειτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"famed for the spear","note":"δουρικλειτός, 'spear-famous' — a fixed epithet formula for Menelaos, filling the line's second half."},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Menelaos"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b17-l148","source":"ταῦτα τελευτήσας νεόμην· ἔδοσαν δέ μοι οὖρον","translation":"When this was done I set out for home; and the immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελευτήσας","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"τελευτήσας","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεόμην","gloss":"having finished"},{"surface":"νεόμην","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I set out","note":"νέομαι, 'return home' — imperfect νεόμην marks the ongoing act of departing/journeying homeward."},{"surface":"ἔδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδοσαν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοσαν","gloss":"a fair wind"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b17-l149","source":"ἀθάνατοι, τοί μʼ ὦκα φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἔπεμψαν.","translation":"gave me a fair wind and swiftly sent me to my dear native land.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔδοσαν","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπεμψαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεμψαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεμψαν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πατρίδ᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδ","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"native land"},{"surface":"ἔπεμψαν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀθάνατοι","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b17-l150","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῇ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε.","translation":"So he spoke, and stirred the heart in her breast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, aorist middle of φημί — same root as φῆ/ἔφατ᾽ elsewhere in this scene, a formulaic speech-closing verb."},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"her","note":"τῇ is dative of reference ('for her'/'in her'), picking out Penelope as the one whose heart is stirred."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b17-l151","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Θεοκλύμενος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike Theoklymenos spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l151.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοειδής","title":"godlike","body":"Literally 'godlike in form' — a standard epithet for a handsome and noble man; here it suits a seer of divine insight."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"Θεοκλύμενος","lemma":"Θεοκλύμενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Theoklymenos"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θεοκλύμενος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοειδής, 'god-shaped' — a common epic epithet marking a character's high stature, here for the seer."}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b17-l152","source":"ὦ γύναι αἰδοίη Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"\"Honored wife of Laertes' son Odysseus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l152.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὦ γύναι αἰδοίη","title":"vocative of address","body":"Theoklymenos addresses Penelope in the vocative case, the form Greek uses for direct address."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γύναι","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wife","note":"γύναι is vocative, direct address — 'governed by an elided head' just means it stands alone as the noun being addressed."},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γύναι","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδεω","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"of Laertes' son","note":"Λαερτιάδης, patronymic 'son of Laertes' — genitive modifying Ὀδυσῆος in apposition, a formulaic double-naming of Odysseus."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γύναι","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b17-l153","source":"ἦ τοι ὅ γʼ οὐ σάφα οἶδεν, ἐμεῖο δὲ σύνθεο μῦθον·","translation":"indeed that man does not know clearly; but mark my word.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδεν","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows","note":"οἶδεν, perfect with present sense, 'knows' — from the same root as ἴστω (l155) and ἴσθι-type imperatives."},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύνθεο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mark, heed","note":"συντίθημι middle, 'put together for yourself' i.e. 'take note of' — idiomatic for attentive listening."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σύνθεο","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b17-l154","source":"ἀτρεκέως γάρ σοι μαντεύσομαι οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω·","translation":"For I will prophesy to you exactly and conceal nothing:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l154.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μαντεύσομαι","title":"I will prophesy","body":"Theoklymenos is a seer; this verb (manteuomai) marks formal divination, distinct from ordinary report."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαντεύσομαι","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μαντεύσομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μαντεύσομαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will prophesy"},{"surface":"ἐπικεύσω","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nor conceal","note":"same verb ἐπικεύθω echoes b17-l141-w8, a formulaic repetition Homer uses to bind speeches together."}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b17-l155","source":"ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν, ξενίη τε τράπεζα","translation":"let Zeus now be my witness first among the gods, and this hospitable table,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let know, witness","note":"ἴστω, perfect imperative of οἶδα used as a solemn oath formula: 'let Zeus be witness.'"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ξενίη","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζα","gloss":"hospitable"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράπεζα","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"table","note":"the guest-table and hearth (l156) are invoked as sacred witnesses — a formal oath sworn on the bonds of hospitality (xenia)."}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b17-l156","source":"ἱστίη τʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ἣν ἀφικάνω,","translation":"and the hearth of blameless Odysseus, to which I have come,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστίη","lemma":"ἑστία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱστίη","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφικάνω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀφικάνω","lemma":"ἀφικάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἱστίη","gloss":"I have come to"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b17-l157","source":"ὡς ἦ τοι Ὀδυσεὺς ἤδη ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ,","translation":"that truly Odysseus is already in his native land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστιν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πατρίδι","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b17-l158","source":"ἥμενος ἢ ἕρπων, τάδε πευθόμενος κακὰ ἔργα,","translation":"sitting or moving about, learning of these evil deeds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἕρπων","lemma":"ἕρπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"moving about","note":"ἕρπω, 'creep, move slowly' — contrasted with ἥμενος 'sitting' to mean 'whether still or active,' i.e. everywhere."},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"πευθόμενος","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"learning of"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πευθόμενος","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b17-l159","source":"ἔστιν, ἀτὰρ μνηστῆρσι κακὸν πάντεσσι φυτεύει·","translation":"and he is sowing ruin for all the suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"he is"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φυτεύει","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of φυτεύει","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"φυτεύει","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"is sowing","note":"φυτεύω literally 'plant' — vivid metaphor 'planting ruin' for the suitors, i.e. preparing their doom."}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b17-l160","source":"τοῖον ἐγὼν οἰωνὸν ἐϋσσέλμου ἐπὶ νηὸς","translation":"Such a bird-omen I marked as I sat aboard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνὸν","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οἰωνὸν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bird-omen","note":"οἰωνός, an omen-bird sign — a key device in Homeric prophecy; Theoklymenos is a seer interpreting one."},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμου","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b17-l161","source":"ἥμενος ἐφρασάμην καὶ Τηλεμάχῳ ἐγεγώνευν.","translation":"the well-benched ship, and I called it out to Telemachus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφρασάμην","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐφρασάμην","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I marked","note":"ἐφρασάμην, aorist middle of φράζω, 'perceived, took note' — the seer noticing the omen himself."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγεγώνευν","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἐγεγώνευν","lemma":"γεγωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I called out","note":"γεγωνέω, 'shout so as to be heard' — an epic verb for calling loudly across distance, here to announce the omen."}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b17-l162","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then wise Penelope answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l162.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περίφρων","title":"wise Penelope","body":"Penelope's standing epithet, 'circumspect' or 'very thoughtful' — marking her shrewd good sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"περίφρων, 'very thoughtful' — Penelope's recurring epithet marking her characteristic cleverness."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b17-l163","source":"αἲ γὰρ τοῦτο, ξεῖνε, ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη·","translation":"\"If only this word of yours, stranger, might come to pass!","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετελεσμένον εἴη","title":"optative of wish","body":"Penelope's wish uses the optative with 'ai gar', the standard construction for expressing a hope."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only!","note":"αἲ γάρ + optative (εἴη) expresses a wish for the future that could still be fulfilled — 'would that it might come to pass!' — not a counterfactual/unattainable wish (which would use εἰ γάρ + a past indicative)."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b17-l164","source":"τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης φιλότητά τε πολλά τε δῶρα","translation":"Then you would soon know my friendship and many gifts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνοίης","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνοίης","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"γνοίης","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would know"},{"surface":"φιλότητά","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"friendship"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b17-l165","source":"ἐξ ἐμεῦ, ὡς ἄν τίς σε συναντόμενος μακαρίζοι.","translation":"from me, so that anyone meeting you would call you blessed.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μακαρίζοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of μακαρίζοι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"συναντόμενος","lemma":"συνάντομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μακαρίζοι","gloss":"meeting"},{"surface":"μακαρίζοι","lemma":"μακαρίζω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"would call blessed","note":"μακαρίζω, 'declare blessed/happy' — root of μακάριος; strangers meeting Penelope would envy her good fortune."}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b17-l166","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were saying"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b17-l167","source":"μνηστῆρες δὲ πάροιθεν Ὀδυσσῆος μεγάροιο","translation":"while the suitors, in front of Odysseus' hall,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τέρποντο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροιο","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πάροιθεν","gloss":"hall"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b17-l168","source":"δίσκοισιν τέρποντο καὶ αἰγανέῃσιν ἱέντες,","translation":"were amusing themselves throwing discuses and hunting-spears,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίσκοισιν","lemma":"δίσκος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with discuses"},{"surface":"τέρποντο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were amusing themselves","note":"τέρπω middle, 'take delight' — suitors idling with sport while Odysseus schemes their ruin, dramatic irony."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγανέῃσιν","lemma":"αἰγανέη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with hunting-spears"},{"surface":"ἱέντες","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντο","gloss":"throwing"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b17-l169","source":"ἐν τυκτῷ δαπέδῳ, ὅθι περ πάρος ὕβριν ἔχοντες.","translation":"on the leveled ground, where they kept up their old insolence.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l169.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὕβριν","title":"insolence (hubris)","body":"Hubris is arrogant, reckless violence against the proper order — the defining sin of the suitors throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"τυκτῷ","lemma":"τυκτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δαπέδῳ","gloss":"leveled, worked"},{"surface":"δαπέδῳ","lemma":"δάπεδον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ground, floor"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"formerly, before"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"insolence","note":"ὕβρις: the suitors' habitual outrage, object of ἔχοντες 'kept up'."},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντο","gloss":"having, keeping up"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b17-l170","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δείπνηστος ἔην καὶ ἐπήλυθε μῆλα","translation":"But when it was dinnertime and the flocks came in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δείπνηστος","lemma":"δείπνηστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"dinnertime","note":"δείπνηστος, a rare noun 'time for the meal', found almost only here in Homer."},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"came in, arrived"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b17-l171","source":"πάντοθεν ἐξ ἀγρῶν, οἱ δʼ ἤγαγον οἳ τὸ πάρος περ,","translation":"from the fields on every side, and the usual men led them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀγρῶν","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"led, drove"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as before, usually","note":"τὸ πάρος περ 'as always before' — a formulaic phrase marking routine, everyday herders."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b17-l172","source":"καὶ τότε δή σφιν ἔειπε Μέδων· ὃς γάρ ῥα μάλιστα","translation":"then Medon spoke to them; for he above all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"Medon","note":"Medon, the herald of Odysseus's house — proper name, subject of ἔειπε."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥνδανε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b17-l173","source":"ἥνδανε κηρύκων, καὶ σφιν παρεγίγνετο δαιτί·","translation":"was the herald they favored, and he attended them at the feast:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"was pleasing","note":"κηρύκων is a partitive genitive with μάλιστα, 'most among the heralds' — not, as stated, a genitive governed by ἁνδάνω, which normally takes a dative of the person pleased."},{"surface":"κηρύκων","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὃς","gloss":"of the heralds"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δαιτί","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"παρεγίγνετο","lemma":"παραγίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"attended, was present"},{"surface":"δαιτί","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρεγίγνετο","gloss":"at the feast"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b17-l174","source":"κοῦροι, ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντες ἐτέρφθητε φρένʼ\n                     ἀέθλοις,","translation":"\"Young men, now that you have all delighted your hearts with the games,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men","note":"vocative κοῦροι opens Medon's speech, addressing the suitors directly."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐτέρφθητε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐτέρφθητε","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you delighted","note":"aorist passive 2nd plural of τέρπω 'you were delighted' — accusative φρένα is a Greek 'accusative of respect' (delighted in heart)."},{"surface":"φρέν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτέρφθητε","gloss":"heart, mind"},{"surface":"ἀέθλοις","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρφθητε","gloss":"with games, contests"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b17-l175","source":"ἔρχεσθε πρὸς δώμαθʼ, ἵνʼ ἐντυνώμεθα δαῖτα·","translation":"come to the house, so that we may make ready the feast;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l175.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνʼ ἐντυνώμεθα","title":"purpose clause","body":"The conjunction 'hina' with the subjunctive expresses purpose: 'so that we may prepare.' The middle voice marks the action done for themselves."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go, come"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"halls, house"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐντυνώμεθα","lemma":"ἐντύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"we may prepare"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐντυνώμεθα","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b17-l176","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τι χέρειον ἐν ὥρῃ δεῖπνον ἑλέσθαι.","translation":"for it is no bad thing to take dinner at the proper hour.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"χέρειον","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"proper time, hour"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to take","note":"epexegetic infinitive after οὐ...χέρειον 'it is no worse thing to take dinner...' — idiomatic understatement (litotes)."}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b17-l177","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἀνστάντες ἔβαν πείθοντό τε\n                  μύθῳ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they rose and went, obeying his word.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνστάντες","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"rising up"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἔβαν, epic aorist 3rd plural of βαίνω without augment — typical Homeric form."},{"surface":"πείθοντό","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πείθοντό","gloss":"his word"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b17-l178","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκοντο δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,","translation":"And when they reached the well-built halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"they arrived"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"halls, houses"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"well-situated, well-built"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b17-l179","source":"χλαίνας μὲν κατέθεντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε,","translation":"they laid their cloaks down on the chairs and seats,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατέθεντο","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέθεντο","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, upon"},{"surface":"κλισμούς","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνους","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"seats, thrones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b17-l180","source":"οἱ δʼ ἱέρευον ὄϊς μεγάλους καὶ πίονας αἶγας,","translation":"and slaughtered great sheep and fat goats,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱέρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱέρευον","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughtered","note":"ἱέρευον, iterative-feeling imperfect: the ongoing slaughter of animals for the suitors' feast."},{"surface":"ὄϊς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"μεγάλους","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄϊς","gloss":"great, big"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίονας","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b17-l181","source":"ἵρευον δὲ σύας σιάλους καὶ βοῦν ἀγελαίην,","translation":"and slaughtered fattened hogs and a cow from the herd,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵρευον","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughtered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hogs, swine"},{"surface":"σιάλους","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σύας","gloss":"fattened"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cow, ox"},{"surface":"ἀγελαίην","lemma":"ἀγελαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"of the herd"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b17-l182","source":"δαῖτʼ ἐντυνόμενοι. τοὶ δʼ ἐξ ἀγροῖο πόλινδε","translation":"making ready their feast. Meanwhile, from the country toward the town","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντυνόμενοι","lemma":"ἐντύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"making ready"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀγροῖο","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"countryside, field"},{"surface":"πόλινδε","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"toward the city","note":"πόλινδε: directional -δε suffix 'to(ward) the city', attached right to the noun stem."}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b17-l183","source":"ὠτρύνοντʼ Ὀδυσεύς τʼ ἰέναι καὶ δῖος ὑφορβός.","translation":"Odysseus and the noble swineherd made ready to go.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠτρύνοντ","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were urging on"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὠτρύνοντ᾽","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβός","gloss":"noble, godlike"},{"surface":"ὑφορβός","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b17-l184","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"And the swineherd, leader of men, began to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν","title":"leader of men","body":"An honorific epithet, 'leader of men,' applied even to the loyal swineherd Eumaeus — a mark of Homer's dignity toward the humble."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"words, speech"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"swineherd","note":"Eumaeus, referred to by his title συβώτης rather than by name — common Homeric habit for trusted retainers."},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men","note":"ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, a formulaic epithet 'leader of men' applied here to the swineherd, elevating his status."}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b17-l185","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ἔπειτα πόλινδʼ ἰέναι\n                     μενεαίνεις","translation":"\"Stranger, since now indeed you are eager to go to the town","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger, guest","note":"vocative ξεῖνε, Eumaeus's polite address to the disguised Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνεις","gloss":"then, now"},{"surface":"πόλινδ","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"to the city"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνεις","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μενεαίνεις","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"are eager"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b17-l186","source":"σήμερον, ὡς ἐπέτελλεν ἄναξ ἐμός—ἦ σʼ ἂν ἐγώ γε","translation":"today, as my master commanded — though for my part I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλεν","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνεις","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"master, lord","note":"ἄναξ ἐμός 'my master' refers to Telemachus, whose orders Eumaeus is following."},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of λιπέσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (modal)"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βουλοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed, at least"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b17-l187","source":"αὐτοῦ βουλοίμην σταθμῶν ῥυτῆρα λιπέσθαι·","translation":"would rather you stayed here to guard the steading;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιπέσθαι","gloss":"here, right here"},{"surface":"βουλοίμην","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"would wish"},{"surface":"σταθμῶν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥυτῆρα","gloss":"of the steading"},{"surface":"ῥυτῆρα","lemma":"ῥυτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"guardian, keeper","note":"ῥυτῆρα σταθμῶν 'guardian of the steading' — a predicate role Eumaeus imagines for Odysseus, i.e. staying to mind the farm."},{"surface":"λιπέσθαι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of βουλοίμην","gloss":"to be left, stay"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b17-l188","source":"ἀλλὰ τὸν αἰδέομαι καὶ δείδια, μή μοι ὀπίσσω","translation":"but I respect and fear him, lest later on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἰδέομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αἰδέομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I respect, revere"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δείδια","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear","note":"δείδια, perfect with present meaning 'I am afraid' — common for verbs of fearing in Greek."},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεικείῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεικείῃ","gloss":"afterward, later"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b17-l189","source":"νεικείῃ· χαλεπαὶ δέ τʼ ἀνάκτων εἰσὶν ὁμοκλαί—","translation":"he scold me; and the rebukes of masters are hard to bear —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικείῃ","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"he scold, rebuke"},{"surface":"χαλεπαὶ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh, hard"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνάκτων","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμοκλαί","gloss":"of masters, lords"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλαί—","lemma":"ὁμοκλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"rebukes, scoldings"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b17-l190","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἴομεν· δὴ γὰρ μέμβλωκε μάλιστα","translation":"but come now, let us go; for the day is far","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l190.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴομεν","title":"hortatory subjunctive","body":"'Let us go' uses the first-person plural subjunctive to express an exhortation to act together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε, a fossilized imperative used as an interjection 'come now', urging action regardless of the addressee's number."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴομεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέμβλωκε","lemma":"βλώσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come, is far gone"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμβλωκε","gloss":"most of all, greatly"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b17-l191","source":"ἦμαρ, ἀτὰρ τάχα τοι ποτὶ ἕσπερα ῥίγιον ἔσται.","translation":"spent, and soon toward evening it will be colder for you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μέμβλωκε","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἕσπερα","lemma":"ἕσπερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ποτὶ","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ῥίγιον","lemma":"ῥίγιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"colder, harsher","note":"ῥίγιον, comparative 'more chilling' — predicate after ἔσται 'it will be'."},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b17-l192","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l192.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύμητις","title":"of many wiles","body":"Odysseus' signature epithet, 'of many devices' — celebrating the cunning intelligence that defines him."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus's standing epithet 'of many devices/wiles' — a recurring formulaic marker throughout the poem."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b17-l193","source":"γιγνώσκω, φρονέω· τά γε δὴ νοέοντι κελεύεις.","translation":"\"I know, I understand; you urge what I already have in mind.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"φρονέω","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I understand"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νοέοντι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"already thinking, minding","note":"νοέοντι (dative participle) agrees with an implied 'me' — 'you urge on one already minding it' i.e. Odysseus already agrees."},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you urge"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b17-l194","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν, σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα διαμπερὲς ἡγεμόνευε.","translation":"But let us go, and you lead the whole way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"then, after"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"all the way, throughout","note":"διαμπερές, an adverb of continuous extent — 'lead the whole way through' without stopping."},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead the way"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b17-l195","source":"δὸς δέ μοι, εἴ ποθί τοι ῥόπαλον τετμημένον ἐστίν,","translation":"And give me, if you have one anywhere cut and ready, a staff","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθί","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐστίν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ῥόπαλον","lemma":"ῥόπαλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"staff, cudgel"},{"surface":"τετμημένον","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies ῥόπαλον","gloss":"cut, trimmed","note":"τετμημένον, perfect passive participle 'already cut/shaped' — a staff ready-made, not raw wood."},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b17-l196","source":"σκηρίπτεσθʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ φατʼ ἀρισφαλέʼ ἔμμεναι οὐδόν.","translation":"to lean on, since you say the road is very slippery.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηρίπτεσθ","lemma":"σκηρίπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"to lean on","note":"σκηρίπτεσθαι, a rare middle infinitive 'to prop/lean oneself' — Odysseus asks for a walking staff to complete his beggar disguise."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you said"},{"surface":"ἀρισφαλέ","lemma":"ἀρισφαλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"very slippery"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φατ᾽","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"οὐδόν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"road, threshold","note":"οὐδόν here means 'path/road' rather than its usual sense 'threshold' — a slightly extended epic usage."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b17-l197","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἀεικέα βάλλετο πήρην,","translation":"He spoke, and slung across his shoulders a shabby pouch,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ ῥα, epic formula opening speeches/actions: 'so he spoke'."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"shabby"},{"surface":"βάλλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung","note":"middle voice βάλλετο: he slung it on himself, for his own use."},{"surface":"πήρην","lemma":"πήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλετο","gloss":"pouch"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b17-l198","source":"πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην· ἐν δὲ στρόφος ἦεν ἀορτήρ·","translation":"full of holes, with a twisted cord for a strap;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"thickly","note":"πυκνά here is adverbial ('thickly, in many places'), intensifying ῥωγαλέην ('torn'); it does not itself mean 'full of holes' — that sense belongs to ῥωγαλέην (next word)."},{"surface":"ῥωγαλέην","lemma":"ῥωγαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"tattered","note":"ῥωγαλέην 'full of rents/holes' vividly describes the beggar's pouch."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρόφος","lemma":"στρόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀορτήρ","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀορτήρ","lemma":"ἀορτήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"strap"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b17-l199","source":"Εὔμαιος δʼ ἄρα οἱ σκῆπτρον θυμαρὲς ἔδωκε.","translation":"and Eumaeus gave him a staff to his liking.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμαιος","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"θυμαρὲς","lemma":"θυμαρής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"to his liking","note":"θυμαρής 'pleasing to the θυμός/heart' — a fitting staff."},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b17-l200","source":"τὼ βήτην, σταθμὸν δὲ κύνες καὶ βώτορες ἄνδρες","translation":"The two set off, and the dogs and herdsmen stayed","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l200.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ βήτην","title":"the dual","body":"'The two set off' uses the dual number, a special form Greek keeps for a pair — here Odysseus and Eumaeus together."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"the two","note":"dual form τὼ + βήτην: Homeric Greek marks pairs with special dual endings."},{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥύατ᾽","gloss":"steading"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βώτορες","lemma":"βώτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"herdsmen"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b17-l201","source":"ῥύατʼ ὄπισθε μένοντες· ὁ δʼ ἐς πόλιν ἦγεν ἄνακτα","translation":"to guard the steading behind them; but he led his master to the city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥύατ","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένοντες","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥύατ᾽","gloss":"staying","note":"μένοντες, present participle: the guarding and staying happen simultaneously."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦγεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἦγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦγεν","gloss":"master","note":"ἄναξ, 'lord/master' — Eumaeus leading Odysseus, his own king in disguise."}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b17-l202","source":"πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠδὲ γέροντι,","translation":"looking like a wretched beggar and an old man,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχῷ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῳ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχῷ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking like","note":"ἐναλίγκιον governs both datives πτωχῷ...γέροντι: 'like a beggar and an old man'."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b17-l203","source":"σκηπτόμενον· τὰ δὲ λυγρὰ περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἕστο.","translation":"leaning on his staff, with miserable rags about his body.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτόμενον","lemma":"σκήπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaning on staff","note":"σκηπτόμενον, middle participle: he props himself on it."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"miserable"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕστο","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"ἕστο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had put on","note":"pluperfect ἕστο (from ἕννυμι) marks the clothes as already worn before this moment — disguise long in place."}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b17-l204","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ στείχοντες ὁδὸν κάτα παιπαλόεσσαν","translation":"But when, walking down the rugged path,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στείχοντες","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"παιπαλόεσσαν","lemma":"παιπαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"rugged","note":"παιπαλόεσσαν is a reduplicated formation (from πάλλομαι, 'shake'), not a compound — a common epic epithet for rough, craggy terrain."}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b17-l205","source":"ἄστεος ἐγγὺς ἔσαν καὶ ἐπὶ κρήνην ἀφίκοντο","translation":"they drew near the town and came to the fountain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"of the town"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"they were"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κρήνην","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"fountain"},{"surface":"ἀφίκοντο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b17-l206","source":"τυκτὴν καλλίροον, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται,","translation":"the well-built, fair-flowing spring where the townsfolk drew their water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυκτὴν","lemma":"τυκτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρήνην","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"καλλίροον","lemma":"καλλίρους","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρήνην","gloss":"fair-flowing","note":"καλλίροος, a formulaic epithet for springs/rivers in epic diction."},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑδρεύοντο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ὑδρεύοντο","lemma":"ὑδρεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κρήνην","gloss":"drew water"},{"surface":"πολῖται","lemma":"πολίτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑδρεύοντο","gloss":"townsfolk"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b17-l207","source":"τὴν ποίησʼ Ἴθακος καὶ Νήριτος ἠδὲ Πολύκτωρ·","translation":"which Ithacus and Neritus and Polyctor had made;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ποίησ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποίησ","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κρήνην","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"Ἴθακος","lemma":"Ἴθακος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Ithacus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νήριτος","lemma":"Νήριτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Neritus"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πολύκτωρ","lemma":"Πολύκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Polyctor","note":"three eponymous founder-figures named for local landmarks; local aetiology inserted mid-narrative."}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b17-l208","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αἰγείρων ὑδατοτρεφέων ἦν ἄλσος,","translation":"and around it was a grove of water-loving poplars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αἰγείρων","lemma":"αἴγειρος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄλσος","gloss":"poplars"},{"surface":"ὑδατοτρεφέων","lemma":"ὑδατοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγείρων","gloss":"water-loving","note":"ὑδατοτρεφής, compound epithet: 'nourished by water', fitting poplars by a spring."},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἄλσος","lemma":"ἄλσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"grove"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b17-l209","source":"πάντοσε κυκλοτερές, κατὰ δὲ ψυχρὸν ῥέεν ὕδωρ","translation":"in a full circle, and cold water flowed down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσε","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on all sides"},{"surface":"κυκλοτερές","lemma":"κυκλοτερής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλσος","gloss":"circular"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχρὸν","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"ῥέεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥέεν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b17-l210","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ πέτρης· βωμὸς δʼ ἐφύπερθε τέτυκτο","translation":"from a rock on high; and above it an altar had been built","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόθεν","lemma":"ὑψόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέεν","gloss":"from on high"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"βωμὸς","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφύπερθε","lemma":"ἐφύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been built","note":"pluperfect τέτυκτο (τεύχω): the altar's construction predates the scene, a standing landmark."}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b17-l211","source":"νυμφάων, ὅθι πάντες ἐπιρρέζεσκον ὁδῖται·","translation":"to the nymphs, where all wayfarers used to make offerings.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l211.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπιρρέζεσκον","title":"iterative imperfect","body":"The suffix '-σκ-' marks repeated, habitual past action: travelers 'used to' sacrifice there regularly."}],"words":[{"surface":"νυμφάων","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies βωμὸς","gloss":"of the nymphs"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιρρέζεσκον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδῖται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπιρρέζεσκον","lemma":"ἐπιρρέζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βωμὸς","gloss":"used to sacrifice","note":"iterative imperfect ἐπιρρέζεσκον with -σκ- suffix marks a habitual, repeated action."},{"surface":"ὁδῖται","lemma":"ὁδίτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιρρέζεσκον","gloss":"wayfarers"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b17-l212","source":"ἔνθα σφέας ἐκίχανʼ υἱὸς Δολίοιο Μελανθεὺς","translation":"There Melanthius, son of Dolius, overtook them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκίχαν᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκίχαν᾽","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐκίχαν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overtook"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Δολίοιο","lemma":"Δόλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Dolius"},{"surface":"Μελανθεὺς","lemma":"Μελανθεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Melanthius","note":"the treacherous goatherd, foil to loyal Eumaeus; shares the μελαν- ('black') root with his sister Melantho, though the rest of the name's etymology is uncertain — the claim that it means 'black-flower' is not established."}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b17-l213","source":"αἶγας ἄγων, αἳ πᾶσι μετέπρεπον αἰπολίοισι,","translation":"driving goats that stood out among all the herds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἐκίχαν᾽","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέπρεπον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπολίοισι","gloss":"among all"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπον","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἶγας","gloss":"stood out"},{"surface":"αἰπολίοισι","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπον","gloss":"herds"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b17-l214","source":"δεῖπνον μνηστήρεσσι· δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες.","translation":"for the suitors' dinner; and two herdsmen came with him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δεῖπνον","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b17-l215","source":"τοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν νείκεσσεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν,","translation":"Seeing them, he railed at them and spoke insulting words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νείκεσσεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"νείκεσσεν","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"railed at"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔπος...ἔφατ᾽...ὀνόμαζεν: triple verb formula for direct speech introduction, common in Homer."},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named/addressed"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b17-l216","source":"ἔκπαγλον καὶ ἀεικές· ὄρινε δὲ κῆρ Ὀδυσῆος·","translation":"outrageous and shameful, and he stirred the heart of Odysseus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκπαγλον","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"outrageous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀεικές","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"heart","note":"κῆρ, the seat of emotion — Melanthius's insult provokes Odysseus's suppressed anger."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b17-l217","source":"νῦν μὲν δὴ μάλα πάγχυ κακὸς κακὸν ἡγηλάζει,","translation":"\"Now indeed one scoundrel is leading another scoundrel along,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγηλάζει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγηλάζει","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἡγηλάζει","gloss":"scoundrel"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἡγηλάζει","gloss":"scoundrel"},{"surface":"ἡγηλάζει","lemma":"ἡγηλάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is leading","note":"κακὸς κακὸν, polyptoton (same word, two cases) for sarcastic emphasis: 'bad man leads bad man'."}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b17-l218","source":"ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον.","translation":"for a god always brings like to like.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγει","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ὁμοῖον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖον","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἄγει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγει","gloss":"god","note":"proverbial line: gods pair like with like — a Homeric gnomic saying used as an insult."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ὁμοῖν","gloss":"the"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b17-l219","source":"πῇ δὴ τόνδε μολοβρὸν ἄγεις, ἀμέγαρτε συβῶτα,","translation":"Where, pray, are you taking this glutton, you wretched swineherd,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγεις","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μολοβρὸν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μολοβρὸν","lemma":"μολοβρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"glutton","note":"μολοβρός, a rare contemptuous slang term — Melanthius mocking Odysseus in disguise."},{"surface":"ἄγεις","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you taking"},{"surface":"ἀμέγαρτε","lemma":"ἀμέγαρτος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies συβῶτα","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b17-l220","source":"πτωχὸν ἀνιηρόν δαιτῶν ἀπολυμαντῆρα;","translation":"this loathsome beggar, this spoiler of feasts?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαιτῶν ἀπολυμαντῆρα","title":"spoiler of feasts","body":"A contemptuous compound, 'wiper-clean of feasts' — a parasite who licks the dishes; vivid abuse aimed at the disguised Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχὸν","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"ἀνιηρόν","lemma":"ἀνιαρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχὸν","gloss":"loathsome"},{"surface":"δαιτῶν","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπολυμαντῆρα","gloss":"of feasts"},{"surface":"ἀπολυμαντῆρα","lemma":"ἀπολυμαντήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"spoiler","note":"ἀπολυμαντήρ, a harsh coinage: 'defiler/ruiner' of feasts, insulting Odysseus as a nuisance."}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b17-l221","source":"ὃς πολλῇς φλιῇσι παραστὰς θλίψεται ὤμους,","translation":"who, standing beside many a doorpost, will rub his shoulders raw,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θλίψεται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πολλῇς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φλιῇσι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"φλιῇσι","lemma":"φλιά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θλίψεται","gloss":"doorposts"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θλίψεται","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"θλίψεται","lemma":"θλίβω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will rub raw","note":"future middle θλίψεται: predicts the beggar's own shoulders will suffer, vivid mockery."},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θλίψεται","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b17-l222","source":"αἰτίζων ἀκόλους, οὐκ ἄορας οὐδὲ λέβητας·","translation":"begging for scraps, not for swords or cauldrons.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀκόλους","title":"Scraps of bread","body":"ἄκολος is a morsel or crumb of food, the small leavings a beggar asks for. The contrast with swords and cauldrons mocks him as fit only for the meanest charity."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰτίζων","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"ἀκόλους","lemma":"ἄκολος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of αἰτίζων","gloss":"scraps"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄορας","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"λέβητας","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"cauldrons","note":"sarcastic contrast: he begs for crumbs, not valuables — mocking his poverty."}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b17-l223","source":"τόν κʼ εἴ μοι δοίης σταθμῶν ῥυτῆρα γενέσθαι","translation":"If you would give him to me to be a keeper of the steadings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοίης","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you would give","note":"optative δοίης + κ(ε) forms a hypothetical/wish condition, typical Homeric potential construction."},{"surface":"σταθμῶν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥυτῆρα","gloss":"of the steadings"},{"surface":"ῥυτῆρα","lemma":"ῥυτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"keeper"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"to become"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b17-l224","source":"σηκοκόρον τʼ ἔμεναι θαλλόν τʼ ἐρίφοισι φορῆναι,","translation":"and a sweeper of the pens, to carry fresh shoots to the kids,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σηκοκόρον","lemma":"σηκοκόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pen-sweeper"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"θαλλόν","lemma":"θαλλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φορῆναι","gloss":"fresh shoots"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίφοισι","lemma":"ἔριφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φορῆναι","gloss":"to the kids"},{"surface":"φορῆναι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"to carry","note":"θαλλόν...φορῆναι, epic infinitive of purpose describing degrading menial work Melanthius imagines for the 'beggar'."}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b17-l225","source":"καί κεν ὀρὸν πίνων μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θεῖτο.","translation":"then, drinking whey, he might put some fat on his thigh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l225.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπιγουνίδα","title":"Thigh muscle","body":"ἐπιγουνίς is the muscle of the upper thigh, a marker of bodily strength. Melanthius sneers that even on whey the beggar might fatten up."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"participle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then (modal)"},{"surface":"ὀρὸν","lemma":"ὀρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίνων","gloss":"whey"},{"surface":"πίνων","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θεῖτο","gloss":"drinking","note":"present participle 'drinking' describes manner while main verb θεῖτο (optative) sets up the potential sense."},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of θεῖτο","gloss":"great, much"},{"surface":"ἐπιγουνίδα","lemma":"ἐπιγουνίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θεῖτο","gloss":"fat on the thigh"},{"surface":"θεῖτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might put","note":"aorist middle optative with κεν = potential 'might put' - a common epic construction for hypothetical action."}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b17-l226","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δὴ ἔργα κάκʼ ἔμμαθεν, οὐκ ἐθελήσει","translation":"But since he has learned only evil ways, he will not be willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμμαθεν","gloss":"deeds, works"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔμμαθεν","lemma":"μανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"has learned","note":"ἔμμαθεν is an epic doubled-consonant form (μμ) of ἔμαθεν, from μανθάνω 'learn'."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελήσει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be willing"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b17-l227","source":"ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πτώσσων κατὰ δῆμον","translation":"to set himself to work, but rather, cringing through the land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐποίχεσθαι","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἐποίχεσθαι","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθελήσει","gloss":"to set himself to","note":"ἐποίχομαι 'go about, apply oneself to' - infinitive object of ἐθελήσει across the line break."},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πτώσσων","lemma":"πτώσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βούλεται","gloss":"cringing, cowering"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"land, district"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b17-l228","source":"βούλεται αἰτίζων βόσκειν ἣν γαστέρʼ ἄναλτον.","translation":"he chooses to beg, and so to feed his insatiable belly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γαστέρʼ ἄναλτον","title":"The insatiable belly","body":"The belly (γαστήρ) is a recurring driver of human misery in this book; ἄναλτος means never-filled, insatiable. Odysseus himself takes up the theme at line 286."}],"words":[{"surface":"βούλεται","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he chooses, wishes"},{"surface":"αἰτίζων","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βόσκειν","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"βόσκειν","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βούλεται","gloss":"to feed"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός/ἥν is the Homeric possessive 'his own' - reflexive, stronger than a simple pronoun."},{"surface":"γαστέρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βόσκειν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"ἄναλτον","lemma":"ἄναλτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"insatiable"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b17-l229","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"But I will tell you outright, and it will surely come to pass:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"outright, plainly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"that, this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fulfilled","note":"perfect passive participle 'having been accomplished' used predicatively with ἔσται - 'will be a fulfilled thing.'"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b17-l230","source":"αἴ κʼ ἔλθῃ πρὸς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,","translation":"if he comes to the house of godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he comes"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεῖος 'godlike' is a stock epithet-adjective regularly paired with Ὀδυσσεύς in formulaic lines."}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b17-l231","source":"πολλά οἱ ἀμφὶ κάρη σφέλα ἀνδρῶν ἐκ παλαμάων","translation":"many a stool flung from men's hands about his head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σφέλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"his (dat.)"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"head","note":"κάρη is an epic/poetic neuter form for 'head', alongside κάρα, both irregular in declension."},{"surface":"σφέλα","lemma":"σφέλας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποτρίψουσι","gloss":"stools"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παλαμάων","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"παλαμάων","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b17-l232","source":"πλευραὶ ἀποτρίψουσι δόμον κάτα βαλλομένοιο.","translation":"will wear his ribs raw as he is pelted up and down the hall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλευραὶ","lemma":"πλευρά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀποτρίψουσι","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"ἀποτρίψουσι","lemma":"ἀποτρίβω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will wear raw"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάτα","gloss":"hall, house"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κάτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout, down","note":"κάτα is κατά in anastrophe (accent shifted back) governing δόμον - common Homeric word order."},{"surface":"βαλλομένοιο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being pelted"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b17-l233","source":"ὣς φάτο, καὶ παριὼν λὰξ ἔνθορεν ἀφραδίῃσιν","translation":"So he spoke, and as he passed, in his folly he kicked out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l233.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀφραδίῃσιν","title":"Dative of cause","body":"ἀφραδίῃσιν, 'out of thoughtlessness/folly,' is a dative giving the cause of the action. The plural form is common in Homer for abstract qualities."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, aorist middle of φημί, is the standard epic formula introducing/closing direct speech."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παριὼν","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνθορεν","gloss":"passing by"},{"surface":"λὰξ","lemma":"λάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνθορεν","gloss":"with his heel, kicking"},{"surface":"ἔνθορεν","lemma":"ἐνθρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he leapt, kicked"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνθορεν","gloss":"in his folly"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b17-l234","source":"ἰσχίῳ· οὐδέ μιν ἐκτὸς ἀταρπιτοῦ ἐστυφέλιξεν,","translation":"at his hip, but he did not knock him off the path,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰσχίῳ","lemma":"ἴσχιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνθορεν","gloss":"at the hip"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστυφέλιξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"off, outside"},{"surface":"ἀταρπιτοῦ","lemma":"ἀτραπός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκτὸς","gloss":"the path"},{"surface":"ἐστυφέλιξεν","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he knocked, shoved"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b17-l235","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀσφαλέως· ὁ δὲ μερμήριξεν Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and Odysseus held firm. He pondered within himself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l235.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μερμήριξεν","title":"He pondered two ways","body":"μερμηρίζω marks the typical Homeric moment of weighing two courses of action, set out here as the 'whether... or' of lines 236-237."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stayed, held firm"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλέως","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεν᾽","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μερμήριξεν","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he pondered"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b17-l236","source":"ἠὲ μεταΐξας ῥοπάλῳ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο,","translation":"whether to rush at him with his club and take his life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μεταΐξας","lemma":"μεταίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιτο","gloss":"rushing at","note":"μεταΐξας, aorist participle of μεταίσσω 'dart after' - vivid verb of sudden violent motion."},{"surface":"ῥοπάλῳ","lemma":"ῥόπαλον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιτο","gloss":"with his club"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out, away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"he might take"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b17-l237","source":"ἦ πρὸς γῆν ἐλάσειε κάρη ἀμφουδὶς ἀείρας.","translation":"or to lift him bodily and dash his head against the ground.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against, to"},{"surface":"γῆν","lemma":"γῆ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐλάσειε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"he might drive, dash"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλάσειε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀμφουδὶς","lemma":"ἀμφουδίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρας","gloss":"on the ground, bodily","note":"ἀμφουδίς is a rare adverb 'onto both the ground' describing the head striking flat - vivid, unusual epic coinage."},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσειε","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b17-l238","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπετόλμησε, φρεσὶ δʼ ἔσχετο· τὸν δὲ συβώτης","translation":"But he endured it and held himself in check; and the swineherd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l238.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπετόλμησε","title":"Aorist of self-mastery","body":"ἐπετόλμησε ('he endured, bore up') is an aorist marking the decisive act of restraint. Odysseus's capacity to hold back is a defining trait of the disguised hero."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπετόλμησε","lemma":"ἐπιτολμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he endured, dared"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσχετο","gloss":"in his heart, mind"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχετο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he held himself back"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νείκεσ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νείκεσ᾽","gloss":"swineherd","note":"συβώτης 'swineherd' - Eumaeus, referred to by his role rather than name, typical epic epithet-substitution."}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b17-l239","source":"νείκεσʼ ἐσάντα ἰδών, μέγα δʼ εὔξατο χεῖρας ἀνασχών·","translation":"looking him in the face, rebuked him, and prayed aloud, lifting his hands:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νείκεσ","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he rebuked"},{"surface":"ἐσάντα","lemma":"εἰσάντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδών","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νείκεσ᾽","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὔξατο","gloss":"greatly, loudly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔξατο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχών","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχών","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔξατο","gloss":"lifting up","note":"ἀνασχών, aorist participle 'having raised up' - the standard epic gesture of prayer, hands lifted to the gods."}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b17-l240","source":"νύμφαι κρηναῖαι, κοῦραι Διός, εἴ ποτʼ\n                     Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"\"Nymphs of the spring, daughters of Zeus, if ever Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφαι","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"κρηναῖαι","lemma":"κρηναῖος","morphology":"vocative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύμφαι","gloss":"of the spring"},{"surface":"κοῦραι","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦραι","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔκηε","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκηε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b17-l241","source":"ὔμμʼ ἐπὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηε, καλύψας πίονι δημῷ,","translation":"burned thigh-pieces to you, wrapped in rich fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἔκηε","gloss":"to you (pl.)","note":"ὔμμ' is the Aeolic/epic dative plural of σύ, 'to you (nymphs)' - distinct from Attic ὑμῖν."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκηε","gloss":"thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"ἔκηε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"he burned"},{"surface":"καλύψας","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκηε","gloss":"having wrapped"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημῷ","gloss":"rich, fat"},{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καλύψας","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b17-l242","source":"ἀρνῶν ἠδʼ ἐρίφων, τόδε μοι κρηήνατʼ ἐέλδωρ,","translation":"of lambs or kids, fulfill this longing of mine:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνῶν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ᾽","gloss":"of lambs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίφων","lemma":"ἔριφος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ᾽","gloss":"of kids"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κρηήνατ᾽","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"κρηήνατ","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfill!","note":"κρηήνατ(ε), aorist imperative of κραίνω 'bring to pass', an epic prayer-formula verb."},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"longing, wish"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b17-l243","source":"ὡς ἔλθοι μὲν κεῖνος ἀνήρ, ἀγάγοι δέ ἑ δαίμων·","translation":"that he, that man, may come, and a god guide him home.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l243.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔλθοι... ἀγάγοι","title":"Optative of wish","body":"ἔλθοι and ἀγάγοι are optatives expressing Eumaeus's wish that Odysseus return. The optative is the standard mood for prayers and longings like this."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"may come"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀγάγοι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"may lead, guide"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάγοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάγοι","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων here = an unspecified divine power/guiding spirit, not a named god - common epic usage."}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b17-l244","source":"τῷ κέ τοι ἀγλαΐας γε διασκεδάσειεν ἁπάσας,","translation":"Then he would scatter all the fine airs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διασκεδάσειεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγλαΐας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀγλαΐας","lemma":"ἀγλαία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διασκεδάσειεν","gloss":"fine airs, finery"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"διασκεδάσειεν","lemma":"διασκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he would scatter"},{"surface":"ἁπάσας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγλαΐας","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b17-l245","source":"τὰς νῦν ὑβρίζων φορέεις, ἀλαλήμενος αἰεὶ","translation":"that you now flaunt in your insolence, forever roaming","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of φορέεις","gloss":"those","note":"τὰς picks up ἀγλαΐας from the previous line, the object of φορέεις."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φορέεις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζων","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φορέεις","gloss":"in insolence"},{"surface":"φορέεις","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀγλαΐας","gloss":"you wear, flaunt"},{"surface":"ἀλαλήμενος","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φορέεις","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλαλήμενος","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b17-l246","source":"ἄστυ κάτʼ· αὐτὰρ μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες.","translation":"through the town while worthless herdsmen ruin the flocks.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάτ᾽","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"κάτ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through, down"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, yet"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φθείρουσι","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"κακοὶ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"bad, worthless"},{"surface":"φθείρουσι","lemma":"φθείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φθείρουσι","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b17-l247","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Μελάνθιος, αἰπόλος αἰγῶν·","translation":"Then Melanthius the goatherd answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered, spoke to"},{"surface":"Μελάνθιος","lemma":"Μελάνθιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Melanthius"},{"surface":"αἰπόλος","lemma":"αἰπόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goatherd"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλος","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b17-l248","source":"ὢ πόποι, οἶον ἔειπε κύων ὀλοφώϊα εἰδώς,","translation":"\"For shame! What a thing to say from this cur, skilled in spite!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l248.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύων","title":"'Cur' as an insult","body":"κύων ('dog') is a standard term of abuse in Homer for shamelessness. The irony is sharp: Argos the faithful hound appears a few lines later (291)."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o!"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"for shame!","note":"πόποι is an untranslatable exclamation of astonishment/indignation, always paired with ὢ in this formula."},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"what a thing"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"cur, dog","note":"κύων 'dog' used as an insult - a stock term of abuse in Homer for shameless or impudent behavior."},{"surface":"ὀλοφώϊα","lemma":"ὀλοφώιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"baneful things"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies κύων","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b17-l249","source":"τόν ποτʼ ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μελαίνης","translation":"One day I will carry him off on a black, well-benched ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄξω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμοιο","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b17-l250","source":"ἄξω τῆλʼ Ἰθάκης, ἵνα μοι βίοτον πολὺν ἄλφοι.","translation":"far from Ithaca, where he might fetch me a good price.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξω","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύων","gloss":"I will carry, take"},{"surface":"τῆλ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τῆλ᾽","gloss":"from Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄλφοι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄλφοι","gloss":"livelihood, price"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἄλφοι","lemma":"ἀλφάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might fetch","note":"ἄλφοι, aorist optative of ἀλφάνω 'earn, fetch a price' - a rare verb tied to slave-trade imagery."}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b17-l251","source":"αἲ γὰρ Τηλέμαχον βάλοι ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"Would that Apollo of the silver bow might strike Telemachus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l251.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γὰρ... βάλοι","title":"Optative curse","body":"Like Eumaeus's prayer, this is an optative of wish (βάλοι), but turned to a malign curse. The same grammar serves blessing and curse alike."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","title":"Apollo of the silver bow","body":"ἀργυρότοξος ('silver-bowed') is a fixed epithet of Apollo, the archer god who deals sudden death. Here Melanthius invokes that lethal power against Telemachus."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that!","note":"αἴ γάρ + optative = a wish formula, 'would that...' - here a cruel wish against Telemachus."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλοι","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"βάλοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might strike"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"silver-bowed","note":"ἀργυρότοξος 'of the silver bow' - a fixed Homeric epithet of Apollo, especially as archer-god."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλοι","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b17-l252","source":"σήμερον ἐν μεγάροις, ἢ ὑπὸ μνηστῆρσι δαμείη,","translation":"this very day in the halls, or be brought down by the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλοι","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"δαμείη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be overpowered"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b17-l253","source":"ὡς Ὀδυσῆΐ γε τηλοῦ ἀπώλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ.","translation":"just as Odysseus has lost his day of homecoming, far away.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l253.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ","title":"The day of homecoming","body":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ, literally 'the homecoming day,' is a formula for safe return. Melanthius declares it lost, ironically as Odysseus stands beside him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆΐ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλετο","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"Epic dative Ὀδυσῆΐ (uncontracted -ῆϊ) keeps the meter, unlike Attic Ὀδυσσεῖ."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώλετο","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἀπώλετο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"has perished","note":"ἀπόλλυμι middle = 'be lost/perish', not active 'destroy' — the day of homecoming is gone for good."},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of homecoming"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀπώλετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b17-l254","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ ἦκα κιόντας,","translation":"So saying, he left them coming on at their slow pace,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"there","note":"αὐτοῦ here is the adverb 'in that very place,' not the pronoun genitive 'of him' — easy to confuse."},{"surface":"ἦκα","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιόντας","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"κιόντας","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b17-l255","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ βῆ, μάλα δʼ ὦκα δόμους ἵκανεν ἄνακτος.","translation":"while he himself went on and quickly reached the master's house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but he"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"Root aorist βῆ (from βαίνω) — a bare, unaugmented epic form meaning 'set off, strode.'"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached","note":"Imperfect ἵκανεν used for a single completed arrival, typical epic looseness of aspect."},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"of the master"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b17-l256","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ εἴσω ἴεν, μετὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσι καθῖζεν,","translation":"At once he went inside and sat down among the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴεν","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἴεν is imperfect of εἶμι, the common epic verb for 'go'; here it carries ordinary past sense ('he went/was going'), not the future/present sense the present tense of εἶμι usually has."},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"καθῖζεν","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b17-l257","source":"ἀντίον Εὐρυμάχου· τὸν γὰρ φιλέεσκε μάλιστα.","translation":"across from Eurymachus, for him he loved the most.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"Εὐρυμάχου","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντίον","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φιλέεσκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φιλέεσκε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to love","note":"φιλέεσκε: iterative -σκε suffix, epic marker for repeated/habitual past action ('used to love')."},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλέεσκε","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b17-l258","source":"τῷ πάρα μὲν κρειῶν μοῖραν θέσαν οἳ πονέοντο,","translation":"Those who were serving set a portion of meat before him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before","note":"πάρα is 'tmesis/anastrophe' — the preposition stands apart from τῷ and shifts its accent back, a common epic split."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies μοῖραν","gloss":"of meats"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"portion"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πονέοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of θέσαν","gloss":"were serving"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b17-l259","source":"σῖτον δʼ αἰδοίη ταμίη παρέθηκε φέρουσα","translation":"and the honored housekeeper brought and set bread beside him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ταμίη","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέθηκε","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"παρέθηκε","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set beside"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b17-l260","source":"ἔδμεναι. ἀγχίμολον δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ δῖος ὑφορβὸς","translation":"to eat. Now Odysseus and the noble swineherd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"to eat","note":"ἔδμεναι: archaic epic infinitive ending -μεναι (root ἐδ-, 'eat'), instead of classical ἐσθίειν."},{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στήτην","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβὸς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβὸς","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b17-l261","source":"στήτην ἐρχομένω, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθʼ ἰωὴ","translation":"drew near and halted, and around them came the sound","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήτην","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"στήτην is a dual aorist ('the two of them stood') — Homeric Greek keeps a separate dual form for pairs."},{"surface":"ἐρχομένω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to στήτην","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἰωὴ","lemma":"ἰωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ᾽","gloss":"sound"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b17-l262","source":"φόρμιγγος γλαφυρῆς· ἀνὰ γάρ σφισι βάλλετʼ ἀείδειν","translation":"of the hollow lyre, for Phemius was lifting his voice","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l262.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φόρμιγγος γλαφυρῆς","title":"The hollow lyre","body":"φόρμιγξ is the lyre of the bard; γλαφυρή ('hollow, carved out') describes its sounding-box. The same epithet often describes ships and caves."}],"words":[{"surface":"φόρμιγγος","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἰωὴ","gloss":"of the lyre"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγος","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἀνά in tmesis with βάλλετ(ο) — literally 'threw up (his voice)', i.e. struck up a song."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀείδειν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"βάλλετ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was striking up"},{"surface":"ἀείδειν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βάλλετ᾽","gloss":"to sing"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b17-l263","source":"Φήμιος· αὐτὰρ ὁ χειρὸς ἑλὼν προσέειπε συβώτην·","translation":"to sing. Then Odysseus took the swineherd by the hand and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φήμιος","lemma":"Φήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλλετ᾽","gloss":"Phemius","note":"The bard's name is delayed to the start of the next line — classic Homeric enjambment for suspense/emphasis."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b17-l264","source":"Εὔμαιʼ, ἦ μάλα δὴ τάδε δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"\"Eumaeus, surely this is the fine house of Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμαι","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b17-l265","source":"ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν πολλοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"easy to recognize, and to pick out among many.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρίγνωτ","lemma":"ἀρίγνωτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"recognizable"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies ἀρίγνωτ᾽","gloss":"to see","note":"ἰδέσθαι: epistemic/limiting infinitive 'to look at' — specifies in what respect the house is recognizable."}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b17-l266","source":"ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερʼ ἐστίν, ἐπήσκηται δέ οἱ αὐλὴ","translation":"One part follows on another, and the courtyard is finished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἑτέρων","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐξ","gloss":"other parts"},{"surface":"ἕτερ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐπήσκηται","lemma":"ἐπασκέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is finished","note":"Perfect ἐπήσκηται stresses the completed, lasting state of the courtyard's construction."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπήσκηται","gloss":"for it"},{"surface":"αὐλὴ","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήσκηται","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b17-l267","source":"τοίχῳ καὶ θριγκοῖσι, θύραι δʼ εὐερκέες εἰσὶ","translation":"with a wall and coping, and the double doors are well-fenced,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίχῳ","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with wall"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θριγκοῖσι","lemma":"θριγκός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"copings"},{"surface":"θύραι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐερκέες","lemma":"εὐερκής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύραι","gloss":"well-fenced"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b17-l268","source":"δικλίδες· οὐκ ἄν τίς μιν ἀνὴρ ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο.","translation":"stoutly made. No man could storm it by force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δικλίδες","lemma":"δικλίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"double-doored","note":"δικλίδες, 'double-folding' doors — a concrete architectural detail signaling the house's strength."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο","lemma":"ὑπεροπλίζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could storm","note":"Optative + ἄν = potential ('no man could ever storm it') — a general, timeless statement of the house's strength."}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b17-l269","source":"γιγνώσκω δʼ ὅτι πολλοὶ ἐν αὐτῷ δαῖτα τίθενται","translation":"And I see that many men are holding a feast within,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I perceive"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίθενται","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"τίθενται","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"are holding"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b17-l270","source":"ἄνδρες, ἐπεὶ κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ","translation":"for the savor of fat rises, and the lyre","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l270.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κνίση","title":"The savor of roasting","body":"κνίση is the rich smell and smoke of roasting fat, the unmistakable sign of feasting. The detail tells the disguised Odysseus how his house is being consumed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τίθενται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κνίση","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνήνοθεν","gloss":"savor of fat"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνήνοθεν","lemma":"ἀνήνοθε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"rises up","note":"ἀνήνοθεν: rare reduplicated perfect (unique Homeric form) meaning 'has risen/wells up' — no other Greek verb uses this shape."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φόρμιγξ","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠπύει","gloss":"lyre"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b17-l271","source":"ἠπύει, ἣν ἄρα δαιτὶ θεοὶ ποίησαν ἑταίρην.","translation":"rings out, which the gods have made the companion of the feast.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπύει","lemma":"ἠπύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"rings out"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ποίησαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρην","gloss":"for the feast"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ποίησαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φόρμιγξ","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἑταίρην","lemma":"ἑταίρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of ποίησαν","gloss":"companion","note":"ἑταίρην figuratively personifies the lyre as the feast's 'companion' — a poetic touch on music's role at banquets."}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b17-l272","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then, swineherd Eumaeus, you answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l272.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης, Εὔμαιε","title":"Address to Eumaeus","body":"The poet turns to address Eumaeus directly in the second person (προσέφης, 'you said'; Εὔμαιε is vocative). This apostrophe is reserved for a few sympathetic characters and lends warmth to the swineherd."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke","note":"προσέφης: 2nd-person imperfect — the narrator briefly addresses Eumaeus directly, a signature Homeric apostrophe."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b17-l273","source":"ῥεῖʼ ἔγνως, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τά τʼ ἄλλα πέρ ἐσσʼ ἀνοήμων.","translation":"\"You judged it rightly, for in other things too you are no fool.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖ","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνως","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἔγνως","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you judged"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσσ᾽","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"ἀνοήμων","lemma":"ἀνοήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foolish","note":"ἐσσ᾽ ... ἀνοήμων with negated ἐπεί: litotes-like praise — 'you are no fool,' a polite compliment via understatement."}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b17-l274","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα.","translation":"But come, let us consider how these matters shall go.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φραζώμεθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us consider","note":"Hortatory subjunctive φραζώμεθ(α), 1st plural: 'let us plan' — a call to joint deliberation."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"matters"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b17-l275","source":"ἠὲ σὺ πρῶτος ἔσελθε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,","translation":"Either you go in first to the well-built house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσελθε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔσελθε","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσελθε","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"situated"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b17-l276","source":"δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ·","translation":"and enter among the suitors, while I stay behind here;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσεο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go in","note":"δύσεο, aorist middle imperative of δύω 'sink/enter' — vivid verb for slipping in among the crowd of suitors."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δύσεο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπολείψομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπολείψομαι","lemma":"ὑπολείπω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will stay behind"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπολείψομαι","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b17-l277","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον, ἐγὼ δʼ εἶμι προπάροιθε·","translation":"or, if you wish, wait here, and I will go ahead.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἐπίμεινον","lemma":"ἐπιμένω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"ahead"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b17-l278","source":"μηδὲ σὺ δηθύνειν, μή τίς σʼ ἔκτοσθε νοήσας","translation":"But do not linger, in case someone outside should notice you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δηθύνειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δηθύνειν","lemma":"δηθύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"linger","note":"Infinitive used as a prohibition/imperative (μηδὲ ... δηθύνειν) — an epic idiom for a negative command."},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of νοήσας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔκτοσθε","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νοήσας","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"νοήσας","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"noticing"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b17-l279","source":"ἢ βάλῃ ἢ ἐλάσῃ· τὰ δέ σε φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα.","translation":"and throw something or strike you. I bid you weigh this well.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"βάλῃ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"throw at"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐλάσῃ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φράζεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φράζεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φράζεσθαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to consider"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid","note":"ἄνωγα: perfect in form, present in meaning ('I command/bid') — a common epic defective verb."}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b17-l280","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then the much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l280.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Much-enduring noble Odysseus","body":"πολύτλας ('having endured much') is one of Odysseus's signature epithets, fitting his restraint here under Melanthius's abuse. δῖος ('noble, godlike') is a general heroic epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς: fixed epic epithet formula for Odysseus, filling the line's end for meter and identity."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b17-l281","source":"γιγνώσκω, φρονέω· τά γε δὴ νοέοντι κελεύεις.","translation":"\"I know, I understand; you bid one who already grasps it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"φρονέω","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I understand","note":"γιγνώσκω/φρονέω pair juxtaposed asyndetically for emphasis: 'I know, I get it.'"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"the things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"νοέοντι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"one who perceives","note":"dative participle 'to one already perceiving' = a pointed jab: you're telling someone who already gets it."},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you bid"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b17-l282","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔρχευ προπάροιθεν, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ.","translation":"Go on ahead, and I will stay behind here.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔρχευ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"ἔρχευ is a rare 2nd-sg middle imperative of ἔρχομαι, epic form for the usual ἔρχου."},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχευ","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπολείψομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπολείψομαι","lemma":"ὑπολείπω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will stay behind"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπολείψομαι","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b17-l283","source":"οὐ γάρ τι πληγέων ἀδαήμων οὐδὲ βολάων·","translation":"I am no stranger to blows or to things thrown at me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πληγέων","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀδαήμων","gloss":"of blows","note":"genitive of blows/missiles governed by ἀδαήμων 'unversed in'; a beggar's grim boast of experience."},{"surface":"ἀδαήμων","lemma":"ἀδαήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unversed"},{"surface":"βολάων","lemma":"βολή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of missiles"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b17-l284","source":"τολμήεις μοι θυμός, ἐπεὶ κακὰ πολλὰ πέπονθα","translation":"My heart is steeled, for I have suffered many evils","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τολμήεις","lemma":"τολμήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bold","note":"τολμήεις 'enduring/bold' is a rare epic adjective, formulaic praise of a hardened heart."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πέπονθα","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"πέπονθα","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I have suffered","note":"perfect πέπονθα stresses lasting effect: 'I have suffered (and still bear it).'"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b17-l285","source":"κύμασι καὶ πολέμῳ· μετὰ καὶ τόδε τοῖσι γενέσθω·","translation":"on the waves and in war; let this be added to the rest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύμασι","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on waves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in war"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γενέσθω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"to those"},{"surface":"γενέσθω","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be added","note":"aorist middle imperative γενέσθω, 'let this too become (added)' — a resigned formula."}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b17-l286","source":"γαστέρα δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἀποκρύψαι μεμαυῖαν,","translation":"But there is no hiding the belly in its craving,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l286.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γαστέρα","title":"The craving belly","body":"Odysseus now takes up the theme Melanthius used against him at line 228: the belly (γαστήρ) that drives men to shameful straits. Here he turns it into a meditation on human suffering."}],"words":[{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποκρύψαι","gloss":"the belly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"ἀποκρύψαι","lemma":"ἀποκρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστιν","gloss":"to hide"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"craving","note":"μεμαυῖαν, perfect participle of μέμαα 'to strive eagerly,' vividly personifies the belly's hunger."}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b17-l287","source":"οὐλομένην, ἣ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἀνθρώποισι δίδωσι,","translation":"the cursed thing, which gives men so much evil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλομένην","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δίδωσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάκ᾽","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δίδωσι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδωσι","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"δίδωσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαστέρα","gloss":"gives"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b17-l288","source":"τῆς ἕνεκεν καὶ νῆες ἐΰζυγοι ὁπλίζονται","translation":"for whose sake even the well-benched ships are fitted out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκεν","gloss":"for whose"},{"surface":"ἕνεκεν","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὁπλίζονται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΰζυγοι","lemma":"εὔζυγος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"well-benched","note":"ἐΰζυγος 'well-benched' is a stock Homeric epithet for ships, a formulaic filler for the line."},{"surface":"ὁπλίζονται","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαστέρα","gloss":"are fitted out"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b17-l289","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον, κακὰ δυσμενέεσσι φέρουσαι.","translation":"over the barren sea, carrying ruin to enemies.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l289.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον","title":"The barren sea","body":"ἀτρύγετος ('barren, unharvested') is a recurring epithet of the sea, which yields no crop. The phrase grounds Odysseus's reflection in the seafaring world of his wandering."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετος 'unharvested/barren' is a fixed Homeric epithet of the sea."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φέρουσαι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσι","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φέρουσαι","gloss":"to enemies"},{"surface":"φέρουσαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ὁπλίζονται","gloss":"bearing"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b17-l290","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b17-l291","source":"ἂν δὲ κύων κεφαλήν τε καὶ οὔατα κείμενος ἔσχεν,","translation":"and a dog lying there raised his head and ears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἀνά here functions adverbially with ἔσχεν, 'held up' — a raised head, not a preposition governing a noun."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a dog"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"κείμενος","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχεν","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἔσχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b17-l292","source":"Ἄργος, Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος, ὅν ῥά ποτʼ αὐτὸς","translation":"Argos, the dog of much-enduring Odysseus, whom long ago he himself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Argos","note":"Argos, Odysseus's old hunting dog — one of the most famous minor named figures in the poem."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"ταλασίφρων 'enduring-hearted' is Odysseus's stock epithet, tying man and dog thematically."},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θρέψε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to θρέψε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b17-l293","source":"θρέψε μέν, οὐδʼ ἀπόνητο, πάρος δʼ εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρὴν","translation":"had reared, but never enjoyed; before that, to sacred Ilium","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρέψε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"had reared"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπόνητο","lemma":"ἀπονίναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"got no use","note":"ἀπονίναμαι 'to have benefit/enjoyment of' — negated, the poignant point: he raised the dog but never got to enjoy him."},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"ἱρὴν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b17-l294","source":"ᾤχετο. τὸν δὲ πάροιθεν ἀγίνεσκον νέοι ἄνδρες","translation":"he had gone. In earlier days the young men used to take him out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"he had gone"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγίνεσκον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγίνεσκον","gloss":"formerly"},{"surface":"ἀγίνεσκον","lemma":"ἀγινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to take","note":"iterative imperfect ἀγίνεσκον (-σκ- suffix) marks a repeated past custom: 'used to bring him out.'"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγίνεσκον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b17-l295","source":"αἶγας ἐπʼ ἀγροτέρας ἠδὲ πρόκας ἠδὲ λαγωούς·","translation":"after wild goats and deer and hares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἀγροτέρας","lemma":"ἀγρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόκας","lemma":"πρόξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"deer"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαγωούς","lemma":"λαγῶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"hares"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b17-l296","source":"δὴ τότε κεῖτʼ ἀπόθεστος ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος,","translation":"But now he lay neglected, his master gone away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπόθεστος","title":"Cast off and despised","body":"ἀπόθεστος, a rare word, means 'unwanted, scorned, cast aside.' It captures the dog's wretched abandonment, mirroring the neglect of the master's whole house."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was lying"},{"surface":"ἀπόθεστος","lemma":"ἀπόθεστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"neglected","note":"ἀπόθεστος 'unregarded/neglected' is a rare word, underscoring the dog's abandoned state."},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"gone away"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποιχομένοιο","gloss":"his master"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b17-l297","source":"ἐν πολλῇ κόπρῳ, ἥ οἱ προπάροιθε θυράων","translation":"in deep dung, which before the doorway","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόπρῳ","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κόπρῳ","lemma":"κόπρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"dung"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κέχυτ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέχυτ᾽","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"the doors"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b17-l298","source":"ἡμιόνων τε βοῶν τε ἅλις κέχυτʼ, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἄγοιεν","translation":"of mules and oxen lay heaped in plenty, until","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμιόνων","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of oxen"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέχυτ᾽","gloss":"in plenty"},{"surface":"κέχυτ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κόπρῳ","gloss":"lay heaped","note":"perfect κέχυτ(αι) 'has been poured/heaped' — vivid stative image of accumulated filth."},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"ἄγοιεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"could carry off"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b17-l299","source":"δμῶες Ὀδυσσῆος τέμενος μέγα κοπρήσοντες·","translation":"the slaves of Odysseus could cart it off to dung the great field.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῶες","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγοιεν","gloss":"slaves"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δμῶες","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"τέμενος","lemma":"τέμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κοπρήσοντες","gloss":"estate"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέμενος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κοπρήσοντες","lemma":"κοπρίζω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγοιεν","gloss":"to dung","note":"κοπρίζω 'to manure/fertilize' — a future participle of purpose, a rustic detail unusual in epic diction."}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b17-l300","source":"ἔνθα κύων κεῖτʼ Ἄργος, ἐνίπλειος κυνοραιστέων.","translation":"There lay the dog Argos, full of ticks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the dog"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἐνίπλειος","lemma":"ἔμπλεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"κυνοραιστέων","lemma":"κυνοραιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνίπλειος","gloss":"of ticks","note":"κυνοραιστής 'dog-tick' occurs only here in Homer — a strikingly unheroic, realistic detail."}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b17-l301","source":"δὴ τότε γʼ, ὡς ἐνόησεν Ὀδυσσέα ἐγγὺς ἐόντα,","translation":"But then, as soon as he sensed Odysseus near,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he sensed","note":"νοέω here means physical perception/recognition, not abstract thought — the dog 'noticed' Odysseus."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσέα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b17-l302","source":"οὐρῇ μέν ῥʼ ὅ γʼ ἔσηνε καὶ οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω,","translation":"he wagged his tail and dropped both his ears,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔσηνε","title":"He fawned with his tail","body":"σαίνω is the verb for a dog wagging or fawning in welcome. The small, precise gesture, set against the dog's ruin, gives the scene its force."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρῇ","lemma":"οὐρά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσηνε","gloss":"with tail"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔσηνε","lemma":"σαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wagged","note":"σαίνω 'to wag/fawn' — the only tender, physical gesture of recognition Argos can still make."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάββαλεν","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"κάββαλεν","lemma":"καταβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dropped"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔατα","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b17-l303","source":"ἆσσον δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα δυνήσατο οἷο ἄνακτος","translation":"but he no longer had the strength to come closer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"closer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσατο","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he had strength"},{"surface":"οἷο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"his own","note":"οἷο is the epic possessive genitive of ἑός/ὅς, 'his own (master)' — archaic reflexive form."},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἆσσον","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b17-l304","source":"ἐλθέμεν· αὐτὰρ ὁ νόσφιν ἰδὼν ἀπομόρξατο δάκρυ,","translation":"to his master. And Odysseus, looking aside, wiped away a tear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l304.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νόσφιν ἰδὼν","title":"Looking away","body":"νόσφιν ἰδών ('having looked aside') is an aorist participle: Odysseus turns his face so Eumaeus will not see him weep, preserving his disguise."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσατο","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"aside"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἀπομόρξατο","lemma":"ἀπομόργνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wiped away","note":"middle voice ἀπομόρξατο, 'wiped away (his own) tear' — Odysseus hides his grief even from Eumaeus."},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"a tear"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b17-l305","source":"ῥεῖα λαθὼν Εὔμαιον, ἄφαρ δʼ ἐρεείνετο μύθῳ·","translation":"easily hiding it from Eumaeus, and at once he asked him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαθὼν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"λαθὼν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"hiding from","note":"λανθάνω + participle construction, 'escaped the notice of Eumaeus' = concealed it from him."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιον","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαθὼν","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρεείνετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρεείνετο","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he asked"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρεείνετο","gloss":"with a word"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b17-l306","source":"Εὔμαιʼ, ἦ μάλα θαῦμα, κύων ὅδε κεῖτʼ ἐνὶ\n                     κόπρῳ.","translation":"\"Eumaeus, it is a real wonder, this dog lying in the dung.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμαι","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κύων","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόπρῳ","lemma":"κόπρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"dung"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b17-l307","source":"καλὸς μὲν δέμας ἐστίν, ἀτὰρ τόδε γʼ οὐ σάφα οἶδα,","translation":"His build is handsome; but this I cannot tell for certain,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καλὸς","gloss":"in build","note":"δέμας as accusative of respect, 'handsome in build' — a common Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b17-l308","source":"εἰ δὴ καὶ ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ τῷδε,","translation":"whether along with this fine looks he was also swift to run,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"he was","note":"iterative-form ἔσκε (from εἰμί), epic imperfect with -σκ- marking habitual past state."},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ταχὺς","gloss":"to run"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἴδεϊ","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies εἴδεϊ","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b17-l309","source":"ἦ αὔτως οἷοί τε τραπεζῆες κύνες ἀνδρῶν","translation":"or whether he was merely one of those table dogs","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τραπεζῆες κύνες","title":"Table dogs","body":"τραπεζεύς describes dogs kept by the table for show, fed on scraps. Odysseus's question contrasts such pampered pets with a true working hound."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"merely, just"},{"surface":"οἷοί","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as, one of","note":"οἷος + τε = 'such as', idiom for 'the sort who'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνοντ᾽","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b17-l310","source":"γίγνοντʼ· ἀγλαΐης δʼ ἕνεκεν κομέουσιν ἄνακτες.","translation":"that masters keep for the sake of looks.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνοντ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"become, be"},{"surface":"ἀγλαΐης","lemma":"ἀγλαία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκεν","gloss":"of splendor, looks"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἕνεκεν","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of","note":"ἕνεκεν takes preceding genitive ἀγλαΐης — postpositive preposition"},{"surface":"κομέουσιν","lemma":"κομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep, tend"},{"surface":"ἄνακτες","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κομέουσιν","gloss":"masters, lords"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b17-l311","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then, swineherd Eumaeus, you answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης, Εὔμαιε","title":"Address to Eumaeus","body":"Again the poet addresses Eumaeus directly (προσέφης, 'you said'; vocative Εὔμαιε). The repeated apostrophe sustains the affection the poem shows toward the loyal swineherd."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"formulaic narrator address to a character, 2nd-person epic apostrophe"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd","note":"vocative epithet formula 'Εὔμαιε συβῶτα' recurs across the poem"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b17-l312","source":"καὶ λίην ἀνδρός γε κύων ὅδε τῆλε θανόντος.","translation":"\"This is indeed the dog of a man who died far away.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κύων","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θανόντος","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρός","gloss":"having died","note":"Aorist participle agreeing with ἀνδρός ('of a man who died far away') — not a genitive absolute, since it modifies a noun already present in the clause."}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b17-l313","source":"εἰ τοιόσδʼ εἴη ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργα,","translation":"If he were such in body and in deeds","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τοιόσδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as this"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he were","note":"optative in unreal/wishful condition, epic εἰ + optative"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in body"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in deeds"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b17-l314","source":"οἷόν μιν Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"as when Odysseus left him behind, going to Troy,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as, what sort"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέλειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Τροίηνδε","lemma":"Τροίανδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"to Troy","note":"directional suffix -δε 'to/toward', common epic motion-marker"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέλειπεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατέλειπεν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοιόσδ᾽","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέλειπεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b17-l315","source":"αἶψά κε θηήσαιο ἰδὼν ταχυτῆτα καὶ ἀλκήν.","translation":"you would soon marvel to see his speed and strength.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θηήσαιο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"κε(ν) with optative marks a potential/would-be statement"},{"surface":"θηήσαιο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would marvel"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θηήσαιο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ταχυτῆτα","lemma":"ταχυτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his speed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b17-l316","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τι φύγεσκε βαθείης βένθεσιν ὕλης","translation":"No wild beast he chased could escape him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to φύγεσκε","gloss":"any (creature)"},{"surface":"φύγεσκε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could escape","note":"iterative -σκε suffix: 'used to escape', habitual past action"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλης","gloss":"deep, thick"},{"surface":"βένθεσιν","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φύγεσκε","gloss":"in the depths"},{"surface":"ὕλης","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθεσιν","gloss":"of the wood"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b17-l317","source":"κνώδαλον, ὅττι δίοιτο· καὶ ἴχνεσι γὰρ περιῄδη·","translation":"in the depths of the deep wood, for he was keen on the scent.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνώδαλον","lemma":"κνώδαλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγεσκε","gloss":"wild beast"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δίοιτο","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"δίοιτο","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κνώδαλον","gloss":"he chased","note":"optative in general/iterative relative clause: 'whatever he might chase'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also, indeed","note":"Intensifies the following γάρ ('for...indeed'); καί itself means 'and/also/even,' not 'for.'"},{"surface":"ἴχνεσι","lemma":"ἴχνος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περιῄδη","gloss":"by scent, tracks"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"περιῄδη","lemma":"περίοιδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he knew well","note":"pluperfect of οἶδα used as simple past 'knew, was skilled at'"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b17-l318","source":"νῦν δʼ ἔχεται κακότητι, ἄναξ δέ οἱ ἄλλοθι πάτρης","translation":"But now he is held by misery, and his master far from home","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχεται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is held, gripped"},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχεται","gloss":"by misery"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλετο","gloss":"his master"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθι","lemma":"ἄλλοθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ὤλετο","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄλλοθι","gloss":"from his homeland"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b17-l319","source":"ὤλετο, τὸν δὲ γυναῖκες ἀκηδέες οὐ κομέουσι.","translation":"has perished, and the careless women give him no thought.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλετο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished","note":"Aorist continuing the sentence from the previous line (subject ἄναξ, enjambed) — a plain narrative aorist, not a gnomic aorist (which states general/timeless truths)."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κομέουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κομέουσι","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἀκηδέες","lemma":"ἀκηδής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"careless"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κομέουσι","lemma":"κομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care for, tend"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b17-l320","source":"δμῶες δʼ, εὖτʼ ἂν μηκέτʼ ἐπικρατέωσιν ἄνακτες,","translation":"Slaves, when their masters no longer rule over them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῶες","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"slaves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when","note":"εὖτ᾽ ἂν + subjunctive = general temporal clause 'whenever'"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μηκέτ","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπικρατέωσιν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέωσιν","lemma":"ἐπικρατέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ᾽","gloss":"rule over, control"},{"surface":"ἄνακτες","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπικρατέωσιν","gloss":"masters"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b17-l321","source":"οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐθέλουσιν ἐναίσιμα ἐργάζεσθαι·","translation":"are no longer willing to do their work as they should.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are willing"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμα","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐργάζεσθαι","gloss":"proper, dutiful"},{"surface":"ἐργάζεσθαι","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"to work"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b17-l322","source":"ἥμισυ γάρ τʼ ἀρετῆς ἀποαίνυται εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"For far-seeing Zeus takes away half a man's worth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l322.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","title":"Far-seeing Zeus","body":"εὐρύοπα ('wide-seeing' or 'wide-thundering') is a fixed epithet of Zeus. It lends weight to Eumaeus's bitter maxim on slavery's cost."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀποαίνυται","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἥμισυ","gloss":"of worth, virtue"},{"surface":"ἀποαίνυται","lemma":"ἀπαίνυμαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes away"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-seeing","note":"stock Homeric epithet of Zeus, 'far-thundering/far-seeing'"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποαίνυται","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b17-l323","source":"ἀνέρος, εὖτʼ ἄν μιν κατὰ δούλιον ἦμαρ ἕλῃσιν.","translation":"from a man, once the day of slavery takes hold of him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l323.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δούλιον ἦμαρ","title":"The day of slavery","body":"δούλιον ἦμαρ, 'the day of slavery,' is a formula like 'the day of homecoming' (253) and 'the day of freedom,' naming a whole condition by its decisive day."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποαίνυται","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλῃσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down upon"},{"surface":"δούλιον","lemma":"δούλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of slavery"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕλῃσιν","gloss":"day","note":"δούλιον ἦμαρ ('day of slavery') is a fixed Homeric formula for enslavement, recurring elsewhere in the epics (e.g. Iliad 6.463, 16.836) — not a kenning (a Germanic/Norse metaphorical compound), since it names the thing literally rather than substituting a metaphor for it."},{"surface":"ἕλῃσιν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ᾽","gloss":"takes hold of"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b17-l324","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν εἰσῆλθε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,","translation":"So saying, he went into the well-built house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"εἰσῆλθε","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went in"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"well-situated","note":"formulaic epic phrase δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας, 'well-inhabited/well-built house'"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b17-l325","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς μεγάροιο μετὰ μνηστῆρας ἀγαυούς.","translation":"and made straight through the hall to the proud suitors.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went, walked"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυούς","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud, haughty"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b17-l326","source":"Ἄργον δʼ αὖ κατὰ μοῖρʼ ἔλαβεν μέλανος θανάτοιο,","translation":"But as for Argos, the doom of black death seized him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l326.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέλανος θανάτοιο","title":"Black death","body":"μέλας θάνατος ('black death') is a recurring Homeric phrase for death's darkness. Argos dies the moment his recognition is complete."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄργον","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλαβεν","gloss":"Argos","note":"Odysseus's dog, named here — the pathos turn of the passage"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down upon"},{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαβεν","gloss":"fate, doom"},{"surface":"ἔλαβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"black","note":"'black death' — fixed epic color-epithet for death"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b17-l327","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἰδόντʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἐεικοστῷ ἐνιαυτῷ.","translation":"the moment he had seen Odysseus, in the twentieth year.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδόντ᾽","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἰδόντ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having seen"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδόντ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐεικοστῷ","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτῷ","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτῷ","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδόντ᾽","gloss":"year","note":"echoes the poem's frame: Odysseus gone exactly twenty years"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b17-l328","source":"τὸν δὲ πολὺ πρῶτος ἴδε Τηλέμαχος θεοειδὴς","translation":"Godlike Telemachus was the very first to see him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδὴς","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"godlike","note":"stock heroic epithet θεοειδής, 'god-formed', for Telemachus"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b17-l329","source":"ἐρχόμενον κατὰ δῶμα συβώτην, ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"the swineherd, coming through the hall, and quickly then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχόμενον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεῦσ᾽","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεῦσ᾽","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b17-l330","source":"νεῦσʼ ἐπὶ οἷ καλέσας· ὁ δὲ παπτήνας ἕλε δίφρον","translation":"he nodded and called him over; and Eumaeus, glancing about, took a stool","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεῦσ","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καλέσας","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεῦσ᾽","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he (Eumaeus)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"παπτήνας","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"glancing about","note":"vivid participle παπτήνας, 'looking around searchingly', typical epic vividness"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"stool"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b17-l331","source":"κείμενον, ἔνθα τε δαιτρὸς ἐφίζεσκε κρέα πολλὰ","translation":"that lay there, where the carver used to sit cutting much meat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"lying (there)"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίζεσκε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic particle)"},{"surface":"δαιτρὸς","lemma":"δαιτρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφίζεσκε","gloss":"the carver"},{"surface":"ἐφίζεσκε","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δίφρον","gloss":"used to sit","note":"iterative -σκε form again, 'habitually sat', matching φύγεσκε above"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δαιόμενος","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b17-l332","source":"δαιόμενος μνηστῆρσι δόμον κάτα δαινυμένοισι·","translation":"as he carved for the suitors feasting through the house;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιόμενος","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφίζεσκε","gloss":"carving, dividing"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαιόμενος","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout","note":"Anastrophe: the preposition κάτα is placed after its object δόμον, with accent retraction — not tmesis (which splits a compound verb from its prefix; no such verb is split here)."},{"surface":"δαινυμένοισι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"feasting"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b17-l333","source":"τὸν κατέθηκε φέρων πρὸς Τηλεμάχοιο τράπεζαν","translation":"he carried it and set it down by Telemachus' table,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέθηκε","gloss":"it (the stool)"},{"surface":"κατέθηκε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by, near"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τράπεζαν","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b17-l334","source":"ἀντίον, ἔνθα δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτὸς ἐφέζετο· τῷ δʼ ἄρα κῆρυξ","translation":"facing him, and there he himself sat down; and to him the herald","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκε","gloss":"opposite, facing"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφέζετο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐφέζετο","lemma":"ἐφέζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίθει","gloss":"herald","note":"κῆρυξ = herald/attendant, standard epic household role"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b17-l335","source":"μοῖραν ἑλὼν ἐτίθει κανέου τʼ ἐκ σῖτον ἀείρας.","translation":"took a portion and set it before him, and lifted bread from the basket.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"a portion"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set (it) down"},{"surface":"κανέου","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of the basket"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from, out of"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείρας","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b17-l336","source":"ἀγχίμολον δὲ μετʼ αὐτὸν ἐδύσετο δώματʼ\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Close behind him Odysseus came into the house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐδύσετο","gloss":"close behind","note":"ἀγχίμολον = 'close following' — Odysseus trails Eumaeus into the hall"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐδύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b17-l337","source":"πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιος ἠδὲ γέροντι,","translation":"looking like a wretched beggar and an old man,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l337.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιος","title":"Like a wretched beggar","body":"ἐναλίγκιος, 'resembling, like,' takes a dative. Odysseus is disguised, so the simile of resemblance underlines that this is appearance, not reality."}],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχῷ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῳ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχῷ","gloss":"wretched","note":"epic form λευγαλέῳ stacks with πτωχῷ for pathos before the epithet-like ἠδὲ γέροντι."},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking like","note":"ἐναλίγκιος + dative is a common Homeric formula for disguise/likeness."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b17-l338","source":"σκηπτόμενος· τὰ δὲ λυγρὰ περὶ χροΐ εἵματα ἕστο.","translation":"leaning on his staff, and the sorry rags were wrapped about his body.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτόμενος","lemma":"σκήπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδύσετο","gloss":"leaning on a staff","note":"σκηπτόμενος, a stock participle for the disguised beggar-Odysseus scenes."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"sorry, ragged"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"body, skin"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕστο","gloss":"rags, clothes"},{"surface":"ἕστο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were wrapped","note":"ἕστο, pluperfect passive indicative of ἕννυμι, 'was clad'; matches the fixed passive parsing (not a middle form)."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b17-l339","source":"ἷζε δʼ ἐπὶ μελίνου οὐδοῦ ἔντοσθε θυράων,","translation":"He sat down on the ash-wood threshold inside the doors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"μελίνου","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδοῦ","gloss":"ash-wood"},{"surface":"οὐδοῦ","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθε","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθε","gloss":"of the doors"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b17-l340","source":"κλινάμενος σταθμῷ κυπαρισσίνῳ, ὅν ποτε τέκτων","translation":"leaning against a cypress doorpost, which once a carpenter","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλινάμενος","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"σταθμῷ","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλινάμενος","gloss":"doorpost"},{"surface":"κυπαρισσίνῳ","lemma":"κυπαρίσσινος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταθμῷ","gloss":"cypress","note":"κυπαρίσσινος: cypress wood signals costly, well-built housing detail typical of Homeric craftsmanship scenes."},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"τέκτων","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"carpenter"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b17-l341","source":"ξέσσεν ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.","translation":"had planed with skill and trued straight to the line.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξέσσεν","lemma":"ξέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"had planed","note":"ξέσσεν is a simple narrative aorist describing one specific carpenter's past action, not a gnomic aorist."},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξέσσεν","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στάθμην","lemma":"στάθμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the chalk-line"},{"surface":"ἴθυνεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"trued straight"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b17-l342","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἐπὶ οἷ καλέσας προσέειπε συβώτην,","translation":"Telemachus called the swineherd over to him and spoke,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καλέσας","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"having called"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b17-l343","source":"ἄρτον τʼ οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο","translation":"taking a whole loaf from the lovely basket","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρτον","lemma":"ἄρτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"loaf of bread"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὖλον","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρτον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"περικαλλέος","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κανέοιο","gloss":"lovely","note":"περικαλλής is a stock Homeric epithet applied to household objects like this basket."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κανέοιο","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"basket"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b17-l344","source":"καὶ κρέας, ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι·","translation":"and as much meat as his hands could hold cupped together:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρέας","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχάνδανον","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐχάνδανον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐχάνδανον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐχάνδανον","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"could hold"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβαλόντι","lemma":"ἀμφιβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cupping together","note":"ἀμφιβαλόντι, dative participle agreeing with the explicit dative pronoun οἱ ('to him') earlier in the line, describing Telemachus's hands cupped around the food."}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b17-l345","source":"δὸς τῷ ξείνῳ ταῦτα φέρων αὐτόν τε κέλευε","translation":"\"Take these and give them to the stranger, and tell him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give!"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξείνῳ","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of αἰτίζειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell him"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b17-l346","source":"αἰτίζειν μάλα πάντας ἐποιχόμενον μνηστῆρας·","translation":"to beg, going round to every one of the suitors;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰτίζειν","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"to beg"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενον","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to αἰτίζειν","gloss":"going around to","note":"ἐποιχόμενον, a formulaic participle for moving among a group, repeated verbatim at l351."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτίζειν","gloss":"the suitors"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b17-l347","source":"αἰδὼς δʼ οὐκ ἀγαθὴ κεχρημένῳ ἀνδρὶ παρεῖναι.","translation":"shame is no good companion for a man in need.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shame","note":"αἰδώς: the social concept of shame/reticence, here judged unhelpful for a beggar — a recurring Odyssey theme."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"κεχρημένῳ","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"in need"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρεῖναι","gloss":"for a man"},{"surface":"παρεῖναι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to be present"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b17-l348","source":"ὣς φάτο, βῆ δὲ συφορβός, ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον\n                  ἄκουσεν,","translation":"So he spoke, and the swineherd went, when he heard the order,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συφορβός","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"word, order"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b17-l349","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευε·","translation":"and standing close beside him spoke winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l349.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ","title":"Winged words","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' is one of Homer's most frequent formulaic epithets for speech, marking the start of direct address."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the classic Homeric formula introducing direct speech, 'winged words.'"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b17-l350","source":"Τηλέμαχός τοι, ξεῖνε, διδοῖ τάδε, καί σε\n                     κελεύει","translation":"\"Stranger, Telemachus gives you these, and tells you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχός","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of διδοῖ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"διδοῖ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of διδοῖ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of αἰτίζειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tells"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b17-l351","source":"αἰτίζειν μάλα πάντας ἐποιχόμενον μνηστῆρας·","translation":"to beg, going round to every one of the suitors;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰτίζειν","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύει","gloss":"to beg"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενον","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to αἰτίζειν","gloss":"going around to","note":"Repeated verbatim from l346 — Homeric formulaic repetition when relaying a message."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτίζειν","gloss":"the suitors"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b17-l352","source":"αἰδῶ δʼ οὐκ ἀγαθήν φησʼ ἔμμεναι ἀνδρὶ προΐκτῃ.","translation":"he says shame is no good thing in a man who must ask alms.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδῶ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀγαθήν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"φησ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he says"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησ᾽","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμμεναι, epic infinitive form of εἰμί (=εἶναι), common Homeric variant."},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"for a man"},{"surface":"προΐκτῃ","lemma":"προίκτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"who begs"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b17-l353","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Resourceful Odysseus","body":"πολύμητις, 'of many devices,' is Odysseus' signature epithet, fitting here as he plays the beggar by design."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς is Odysseus's standing epithet-name formula, 'of many wiles.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b17-l354","source":"Ζεῦ ἄνα, Τηλέμαχόν μοι ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὄλβιον εἶναι,","translation":"\"Lord Zeus, may Telemachus be blessed among men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l354.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ζεῦ ἄνα","title":"Vocative of address","body":"Ζεῦ ἄνα is vocative: a direct call to Zeus opening a prayer. The infinitive εἶναι expresses the wish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus","note":"vocative Ζεῦ ἄνα opens a prayer — Odysseus invokes the god while still in beggar disguise."},{"surface":"ἄνα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχόν","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὄλβιον","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"may be"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b17-l355","source":"καί οἱ πάντα γένοιθʼ ὅσσα φρεσὶν ᾗσι μενοινᾷ.","translation":"and may all that his heart desires come to pass for him.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένοιθ᾽","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένοιθ᾽","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"γένοιθ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may come to pass"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to μενοινᾷ","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷ","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάντα","gloss":"desires"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b17-l356","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφοτέρῃσιν ἐδέξατο καὶ κατέθηκεν","translation":"He spoke, and took it in both hands and laid it down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"ἦ ῥα, a common epic sentence-opening particle pair marking a formal narrative beat."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with both (hands)"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took, received"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέθηκεν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid down"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b17-l357","source":"αὖθι ποδῶν προπάροιθεν, ἀεικελίης ἐπὶ πήρης,","translation":"there before his feet, upon the shabby wallet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθεν","gloss":"of feet"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀεικελίης","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρης","gloss":"shabby"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πήρης","lemma":"πήρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"wallet, beggar's bag"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b17-l358","source":"ἤσθιε δʼ ἧος ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν·","translation":"and ate while the bard was singing through the hall;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤσθιε","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he ate"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειδεν","gloss":"bard, singer"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"ἄειδεν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"was singing"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b17-l359","source":"εὖθʼ ὁ δεδειπνήκειν, ὁ δʼ ἐπαύετο θεῖος ἀοιδός.","translation":"by the time he had finished his meal, the divine bard left off.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖθ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δεδειπνήκειν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δεδειπνήκειν","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"had finished dining","note":"δεδειπνήκειν, pluperfect stressing completion before the bard stopped — precise relative timing."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαύετο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"left off, stopped"},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδός","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδός","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"bard"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b17-l360","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ὁμάδησαν ἀνὰ μέγαρʼ. αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη,","translation":"The suitors made an uproar through the hall. But Athena,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμάδησαν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμάδησαν","lemma":"ὁμαδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made an uproar"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μέγαρ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὤτρυν᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b17-l361","source":"ἄγχι παρισταμένη Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα","translation":"standing close beside Laertes' son Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρισταμένη","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὤτρυν᾽","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδην","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤτρυν᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b17-l362","source":"ὤτρυνʼ, ὡς ἂν πύρνα κατὰ μνηστῆρας ἀγείροι,","translation":"urged him to gather bread among the suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤτρυν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(marks purpose)"},{"surface":"πύρνα","lemma":"πύρνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγείροι","gloss":"bread, loaves"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγείροι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"he might gather","note":"ἀγείροι, optative of purpose after ὡς ἄν — Athena's hidden plan for Odysseus to test the suitors."}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b17-l363","source":"γνοίη θʼ οἵ τινές εἰσιν ἐναίσιμοι οἵ τʼ ἀθέμιστοι·","translation":"and learn which of them were decent and which were lawless;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l363.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐναίσιμοι / ἀθέμιστοι","title":"Decent and lawless","body":"ἐναίσιμος means 'fitting, righteous,' acting within proper bounds; ἀθέμιστος means 'lawless,' violating θέμις, divine custom. The pairing frames the test of the suitors."}],"words":[{"surface":"γνοίη","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"he might learn"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τινές","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμοι","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"decent, righteous"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθέμιστοι","lemma":"ἀθέμιστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lawless","note":"ἐναίσιμοι vs ἀθέμιστοι — a moral binary framing which suitors deserve to die."}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b17-l364","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὥς τινʼ ἔμελλʼ ἀπαλεξήσειν κακότητος.","translation":"yet even so she did not mean to spare a single one from ruin.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλ᾽","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαλεξήσειν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔμελλ","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was going to","note":"ἔμελλ(ε) + future infinitive expresses intention, here negated: Athena intended to spare no one."},{"surface":"ἀπαλεξήσειν","lemma":"ἀπαλέξω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλ᾽","gloss":"ward off, spare"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπαλεξήσειν","gloss":"from ruin"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b17-l365","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν αἰτήσων ἐνδέξια φῶτα ἕκαστον,","translation":"He went begging from each man, moving rightward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l365.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνδέξια","title":"Moving rightward","body":"ἐνδέξια, 'toward the right,' marks the auspicious, customary direction for going round a group, as with passing wine."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went","note":"Aorist βῆ, epic formulaic verb of motion beginning the line."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"Complementary infinitive of purpose after βῆ, a common epic idiom (\"went to go\")."},{"surface":"αἰτήσων","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"about to beg"},{"surface":"ἐνδέξια","lemma":"ἐνδέξιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to αἰτήσων","gloss":"rightward"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτήσων","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b17-l366","source":"πάντοσε χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων, ὡς εἰ πτωχὸς πάλαι εἴη.","translation":"stretching out his hand on all sides, as if he had long been a beggar.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσε","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρέγων","gloss":"in all directions"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρέγων","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ὀρέγων","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"stretching out"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if","note":"ὡς εἰ + optative εἴη forms an unreal comparison, \"as if he were.\""},{"surface":"πτωχὸς","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a beggar"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"he were","note":"Optative in a hypothetical comparative clause, not a wish."}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b17-l367","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐλεαίροντες δίδοσαν, καὶ ἐθάμβεον αὐτόν,","translation":"They gave out of pity, and marveled at him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίροντες","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δίδοσαν","gloss":"pitying"},{"surface":"δίδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave","note":"Imperfect δίδοσαν pictures repeated giving, one after another, not a single act."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθάμβεον","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled at"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐθάμβεον","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b17-l368","source":"ἀλλήλους τʼ εἴροντο τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι.","translation":"and asked one another who he was and where he came from.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εἴροντο","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴροντο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"he might be","note":"Optative εἴη in indirect question, epic norm after a past-tense main verb."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"he might have come"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b17-l369","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Μελάνθιος, αἰπόλος αἰγῶν·","translation":"Then Melanthius, the goatherd, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among","note":"μετέειπε, epic compound \"spoke among/amidst,\" formulaic verb for joining a conversation."},{"surface":"Μελάνθιος","lemma":"Μελάνθιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Melanthius"},{"surface":"αἰπόλος","lemma":"αἰπόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goatherd"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλος","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b17-l370","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης,","translation":"\"Hear me, you suitors of the glorious queen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε is a reduplicated aorist imperative of κλύω (the fixed morphology confirms aorist, not perfect), used as a vivid command opening a Homeric speech."},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτῆς","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλείης","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"βασιλείης","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"queen","note":"Epic epithet-noun pair, \"glorious queen,\" used respectfully as Melanthius addresses the suitors before he speaks; no slur against Penelope occurs in this line."}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b17-l371","source":"τοῦδε περὶ ξείνου· ἦ γάρ μιν πρόσθεν ὄπωπα.","translation":"about this stranger; for I have seen him before.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξείνου","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ξείνου","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπωπα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπωπα","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὄπωπα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have seen","note":"Perfect ὄπωπα stresses the present result: \"I have seen (and still recall)\" rather than a simple past."}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b17-l372","source":"ἦ τοι μέν οἱ δεῦρο συβώτης ἡγεμόνευεν,","translation":"It was the swineherd, to be sure, who led him here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευεν","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led","note":"Imperfect for the ongoing act of guiding him here, contrasted with the perfect οἶδα (\"I do not know\") in the next line, not an aorist."}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b17-l373","source":"αὐτὸν δʼ οὐ σάφα οἶδα, πόθεν γένος εὔχεται εἶναι.","translation":"but the man himself I do not know clearly, where he claims his race is from.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"Perfect οἶδα functions as a true present, \"I know,\" a very common Greek irregularity."},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"he claims"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b17-l374","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἔπεσιν νείκεσσε συβώτην·","translation":"So he spoke, and Antinous abused the swineherd with words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νείκεσσε","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νείκεσσε","gloss":"with words","note":"Dative of means, \"with/in words,\" showing how the abuse was delivered."},{"surface":"νείκεσσε","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νείκεσσε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b17-l375","source":"ὦ ἀρίγνωτε συβῶτα, τίη δὲ σὺ τόνδε πόλινδε","translation":"\"You notorious swineherd, why on earth did you bring this fellow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ἀρίγνωτε","lemma":"ἀρίγνωτος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies συβῶτα","gloss":"notorious"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"swineherd","note":"Vocative address opening Antinous's insult; 'notorious' is sarcastic praise."},{"surface":"τίη","lemma":"τίη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγες","gloss":"why ever"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγαγες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τόνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγες","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"πόλινδε","lemma":"πόλινδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤγαγες","gloss":"to town","note":"πόλινδε, directional -δε suffix meaning \"to/toward the city,\" a common epic motion ending."}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b17-l376","source":"ἤγαγες; ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ἧμιν ἀλήμονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι,","translation":"to the town? Have we not vagrants enough already,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you bring"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσι","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ἧμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσι","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"ἀλήμονές","lemma":"ἀλήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"wanderers"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήμονές","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b17-l377","source":"πτωχοὶ ἀνιηροί, δαιτῶν ἀπολυμαντῆρες;","translation":"tiresome beggars, the spoilers of feasts?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχοὶ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"beggars"},{"surface":"ἀνιηροί","lemma":"ἀνιαρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχοὶ","gloss":"tiresome"},{"surface":"δαιτῶν","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπολυμαντῆρες","gloss":"of feasts"},{"surface":"ἀπολυμαντῆρες","lemma":"ἀπολυμαντήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"spoilers","note":"Rare compound noun ἀπολυμαντήρ, \"defilers/spoilers,\" a vivid insult coinage for freeloaders."}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b17-l378","source":"ἦ ὄνοσαι ὅτι τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν ἄνακτος","translation":"Do you make light of it that they gather here and eat up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄνοσαι","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you resent"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"κατέδουσιν","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"they eat up"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"of the master"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b17-l379","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἀγειρόμενοι, σὺ δὲ καὶ προτὶ τόνδʼ ἐκάλεσσας;","translation":"your master's living, that you have called in this one too?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγειρόμενοι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀγειρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέδουσιν","gloss":"gathering","note":"Middle participle ἀγειρόμενοι, \"gathering themselves,\" i.e. flocking together to feed."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκάλεσσας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλεσσας","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"ἐκάλεσσας","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"called in"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b17-l380","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then you answered him, swineherd Eumaeus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l380.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Address to Eumaeus","body":"Homer repeatedly turns to address Eumaeus directly in the second person throughout Books 14–17 — roughly 15–20 times — making it one of the most sustained instances of narrator apostrophe in Homer, unique in its frequency among Odyssey characters. This sustained apostrophe marks tenderness toward the loyal swineherd."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"Narrator addresses Eumaeus directly in 2nd person, the poem's famous apostrophe to the swineherd."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b17-l381","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὐ μὲν καλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν ἀγορεύεις·","translation":"\"Antinous, you do not speak well, noble though you are;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"being","note":"Concessive participle, \"though being noble,\" pointed rebuke that noble birth doesn't excuse the words."},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b17-l382","source":"τίς γὰρ δὴ ξεῖνον καλεῖ ἄλλοθεν αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν","translation":"for who ever goes himself to summon a stranger from abroad,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καλεῖ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καλεῖ","gloss":"a stranger"},{"surface":"καλεῖ","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"invites"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλεῖ","gloss":"from elsewhere"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καλεῖ","gloss":"going to"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b17-l383","source":"ἄλλον γʼ, εἰ μὴ τῶν οἳ δημιοεργοὶ ἔασι,","translation":"some other man, unless he is one of those who serve the people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δημιοεργοὶ","lemma":"δημιουργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"public workers","note":"δημιοεργοί, \"workers for the people\" — the recognized professions (seer, healer, carpenter, bard) worth inviting."},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b17-l384","source":"μάντιν ἢ ἰητῆρα κακῶν ἢ τέκτονα δούρων,","translation":"a seer, or a healer of ills, or a worker of timber,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάντιν","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"a seer"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἰητῆρα","lemma":"ἰατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a healer"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἰητῆρα","gloss":"of ills"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τέκτονα","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a craftsman"},{"surface":"δούρων","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἰητῆρα","gloss":"of timber"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b17-l385","source":"ἢ καὶ θέσπιν ἀοιδόν, ὅ κεν τέρπῃσιν ἀείδων;","translation":"or even an inspired bard, who can delight with his song?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"θέσπιν","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδόν","gloss":"divinely-gifted"},{"surface":"ἀοιδόν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"bard","note":"θέσπιν ἀοιδόν, \"divinely-inspired singer\" — the traditional honored place of the poet-bard among welcome guests."},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέρπῃσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τέρπῃσιν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀοιδόν","gloss":"delights"},{"surface":"ἀείδων","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρπῃσιν","gloss":"singing"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b17-l386","source":"οὗτοι γὰρ κλητοί γε βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν·","translation":"These are the ones men invite over the boundless earth;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτοι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κλητοί","lemma":"κλητός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"invited"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κλητοί","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"earth","note":"ἀπείρονα γαῖαν, epic formula \"boundless earth,\" a stock phrase filling the line's end."}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b17-l387","source":"πτωχὸν δʼ οὐκ ἄν τις καλέοι τρύξοντα ἓ αὐτόν.","translation":"but no one would call in a beggar to eat him out of house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχὸν","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καλέοι","gloss":"a beggar"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"καλέοι","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call in","note":"Potential optative καλέοι ἄν, \"no one would invite,\" a general truth stated as unreal possibility."},{"surface":"τρύξοντα","lemma":"τρύχω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to wear out"},{"surface":"ἓ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τρύξοντα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b17-l388","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ χαλεπὸς περὶ πάντων εἶς μνηστήρων","translation":"But you are always the harshest of all the suitors","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶς","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸς","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"εἶς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"of suitors"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b17-l389","source":"δμωσὶν Ὀδυσσῆος, πέρι δʼ αὖτʼ ἐμοί· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε","translation":"toward Odysseus' servants, and most of all toward me. Yet I, for my part,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμωσὶν","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶς","gloss":"to the servants"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δμωσὶν","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond","note":"περὶ...αὖτ᾽ ἐμοί, \"and beyond that, toward me most of all\" — tmesis-like split emphasizing degree."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλέγω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b17-l390","source":"οὐκ ἀλέγω, ἧός μοι ἐχέφρων Πηνελόπεια","translation":"do not care, so long as prudent Penelope","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλέγω","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I care"},{"surface":"ἧός","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρων","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ζώει","gloss":"Penelope","note":"ἐχέφρων Πηνελόπεια, standing epithet-name pair, \"prudent Penelope,\" recurring formula for her wisdom."}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b17-l391","source":"ζώει ἐνὶ μεγάροις καὶ Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής.","translation":"lives in the halls, and godlike Telemachus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοειδής, formulaic epithet \"godlike,\" regularly paired with Telemachus's name in the poem."}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b17-l392","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus said to him in answer:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle \"having good sense,\" a fixed epithet for the maturing Telemachus."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b17-l393","source":"σίγα, μή μοι τοῦτον ἀμείβεο πολλὰ ἔπεσσιν·","translation":"\"Hush, do not answer this man with many words;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l393.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀμείβεο","title":"Imperative 'answer'","body":"ἀμείβεο is a present middle imperative, 'do not keep answering.' With μή it forbids a continuing action, fitting Telemachus' wish that the quarrel not drag on."}],"words":[{"surface":"σίγα","lemma":"σιγάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hush"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμείβεο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμείβεο","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἀμείβεο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answer","note":"middle imperative ἀμείβεο, 'answer for yourself/in kind'"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεο","gloss":"with many"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεο","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b17-l394","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ εἴωθε κακῶς ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ","translation":"Antinous is forever picking quarrels cruelly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποτρύνει","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"εἴωθε","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is accustomed","note":"perfect εἴωθε with present sense: 'he is (habitually) wont'"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρεθιζέμεν","gloss":"cruelly"},{"surface":"ἐρεθιζέμεν","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴωθε","gloss":"to provoke"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρεθιζέμεν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b17-l395","source":"μύθοισιν χαλεποῖσιν, ἐποτρύνει δὲ καὶ ἄλλους.","translation":"with harsh words, and he eggs on the others too.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρεθιζέμεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"χαλεποῖσιν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθοισιν","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνει","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eggs on","note":"vivid present ἐποτρύνει shows habitual, ongoing troublemaking"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even/too"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐποτρύνει","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b17-l396","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ Ἀντίνοον ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Then he spoke winged words to Antinous:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"archaic ἦ 'he said,' a formulaic speech-verb distinct from εἰμί"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοον","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the classic Homeric formula 'winged words'"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b17-l397","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, ἦ μευ καλὰ πατὴρ ὣς κήδεαι υἷος,","translation":"\"Antinous, how kindly you care for me, like a father for his son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l397.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἦ","title":"Bitter irony","body":"ἦ here introduces a sarcastic exclamation. Telemachus 'thanks' Antinous for fatherly care he plainly does not show, the irony cutting against the suitor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous","note":"vocative with elided ε before ἦ; direct address opening Telemachus' speech"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κήδεαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κήδεαι","gloss":"kindly","note":"neuter plural καλὰ used adverbially, 'nicely, kindly'"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a father"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"κήδεαι","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you care for"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"his son"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b17-l398","source":"ὃς τὸν ξεῖνον ἄνωγας ἀπὸ μεγάροιο διέσθαι","translation":"you who order the stranger driven from the hall","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγας","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διέσθαι","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἄνωγας","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"you order","note":"perfect ἄνωγα functions as a present, 'you command/bid'"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"διέσθαι","lemma":"διίημι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγας","gloss":"to be driven"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b17-l399","source":"μύθῳ ἀναγκαίῳ· μὴ τοῦτο θεὸς τελέσειε.","translation":"with a word of force. May no god bring that to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διέσθαι","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἀναγκαίῳ","lemma":"ἀναγκαῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"of compulsion","note":"μύθῳ ἀναγκαίῳ, 'a word of necessity/force,' i.e. a harsh command"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may not"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέσειε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσειε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"τελέσειε","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring to pass","note":"optative of wish τελέσειε, 'may (no) god fulfill this'"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b17-l400","source":"δός οἱ ἑλών· οὔ τοι φθονέω· κέλομαι γὰρ ἐγώ γε·","translation":"Take and give to him; I do not grudge it, I bid you do it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δός","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δός","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δός","gloss":"taking (it)","note":"aorist participle ἑλών, 'having taken (something), give'"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φθονέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φθονέω","lemma":"φθονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I grudge"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b17-l401","source":"μήτʼ οὖν μητέρʼ ἐμὴν ἅζευ τό γε μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"Do not, in this, hold back out of regard for my mother, nor for any other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μητέρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἅζευ","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back in awe","note":"ἅζευ, 'feel reverent restraint,' a rare verb for shrinking from an act out of respect"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μήτε","gloss":"in this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b17-l402","source":"δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.","translation":"of the servants who are in the house of godlike Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμῶος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of the servants"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"stock epithet θεῖος, 'godlike Odysseus'"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b17-l403","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ τοι τοιοῦτον ἐνὶ στήθεσσι νόημα·","translation":"But you have no such thought in your breast;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a thought"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b17-l404","source":"αὐτὸς γὰρ φαγέμεν πολὺ βούλεαι ἢ δόμεν ἄλλῳ.","translation":"you would far rather eat yourself than give to another.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself","note":"nominative αὐτὸς stresses the contrast: 'you yourself' vs. giving to another"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φαγέμεν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βούλεαι","gloss":"much rather"},{"surface":"βούλεαι","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"δόμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of δόμεν","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b17-l405","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέειπε·","translation":"Then Antinous answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed","note":"τὸν δ᾽ αὖτ᾽... προσέειπε, another Homeric speech-introduction formula"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b17-l406","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Telemachus, you windy talker, reckless in your spirit, what a thing to say!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l406.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε","title":"Insulting epithets","body":"ὑψαγόρης is 'high-talker, bragger,' and μένος ἄσχετε means 'uncontrollable in fury.' Antinous flings mock-grand epithets to belittle the young man."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὑψαγόρη","lemma":"ὑψαγόρας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχ᾽","gloss":"loud-talker","note":"ὑψαγόρη, an insulting coinage 'high/loud speaker,' i.e. blowhard"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἄσχετε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἄσχετε","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχ᾽","gloss":"unchecked","note":"ἄσχετε, 'uncontrollable' — mocking Telemachus' newfound boldness"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what a thing"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b17-l407","source":"εἴ οἱ τόσσον ἅπαντες ὀρέξειαν μνηστῆρες,","translation":"If all the suitors gave him as much as I would,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρέξειαν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀρέξειαν","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀρέξειαν","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"gave","note":"optative ὀρέξειαν in a hypothetical protasis with εἰ, 'if all were to give' — a potential (should/would) condition, not a past contrary-to-fact one"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρέξειαν","gloss":"suitors"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b17-l408","source":"καί κέν μιν τρεῖς μῆνας ἀπόπροθεν οἶκος ἐρύκοι.","translation":"this house would keep him off and away for three whole months.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύκοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μῆνας","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"μῆνας","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκοι","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθεν","lemma":"ἀπόπροθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐρύκοι","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύκοι","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἐρύκοι","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would keep","note":"potential optative ἐρύκοι with κέν, 'would keep him away'"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b17-l409","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, καὶ θρῆνυν ἑλὼν ὑπέφηνε τραπέζης","translation":"So he spoke, and seizing the footstool he brought it out from under the table","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρῆνυν","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέφηνε","gloss":"the footstool"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέφηνε","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ὑπέφηνε","lemma":"ὑποφαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought out","note":"ὑπέφηνε, 'made appear from under' — vivid compound for pulling the stool from the table"},{"surface":"τραπέζης","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέφηνε","gloss":"the table"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b17-l410","source":"κείμενον, ᾧ ῥʼ ἔπεχεν λιπαροὺς πόδας εἰλαπινάζων·","translation":"where it lay, on which he rested his sleek feet as he banqueted.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies θρῆνυν","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεχεν","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπεχεν","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρῆνυν","gloss":"he rested","note":"ἐπέχω here 'he propped/kept (his feet) on it'"},{"surface":"λιπαροὺς","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδας","gloss":"sleek"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεχεν","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"εἰλαπινάζων","lemma":"εἰλαπινάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεχεν","gloss":"feasting"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b17-l411","source":"οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες δίδοσαν, πλῆσαν δʼ ἄρα πήρην","translation":"But all the others gave, and filled the wallet","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίδοσαν","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δίδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were giving"},{"surface":"πλῆσαν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πήρην","lemma":"πήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πλῆσαν","gloss":"the wallet","note":"πήρην, Odysseus' beggar's pouch, filling as he collects alms"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b17-l412","source":"σίτου καὶ κρειῶν· τάχα δὴ καὶ ἔμελλεν Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"with bread and meat; and soon Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of meat"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even/also"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was about to","note":"imperfect ἔμελλεν, 'was on the verge of' — sets up suspense before Antinous' cruelty"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b17-l413","source":"αὖτις ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν προικὸς γεύσεσθαι Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"was about to go back to the threshold and taste the Achaeans' gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰὼν","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the threshold"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γεύσεσθαι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"προικὸς","lemma":"προίξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of γεύσεσθαι","gloss":"as a gift","note":"προικός, 'freely given,' underscoring Odysseus expects charity without payment"},{"surface":"γεύσεσθαι","lemma":"γεύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to taste"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies προικὸς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b17-l414","source":"στῆ δὲ παρʼ Ἀντίνοον, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"but he stopped beside Antinous and spoke to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stopped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοον","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b17-l415","source":"δός, φίλος· οὐ μέν μοι δοκέεις ὁ κάκιστος\n                     Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Give, friend; you seem to me not the worst of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δός","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"vocative φίλος, Odysseus' flattering address to the man who will refuse him"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοκέεις","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you seem"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies κάκιστος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κάκιστος","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worst","note":"κάκιστος, superlative of κακός — sets up ironic praise before the insult lands"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάκιστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b17-l416","source":"ἔμμεναι, ἀλλʼ ὤριστος, ἐπεὶ βασιλῆϊ ἔοικας.","translation":"but the best, since you look like a king.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best","note":"ὤριστος (crasis of ὁ ἄριστος), 'the best' — flattery contrasting κάκιστος above"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"a king"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"you resemble"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b17-l417","source":"τῷ σε χρὴ δόμεναι καὶ λώϊον ἠέ περ ἄλλοι","translation":"So you ought to give bread, even more freely than the others,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δόμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is right"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"λώϊον","lemma":"λωίων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"more generously","note":"comparative λώϊον, 'better/more,' i.e. more freely than the others gave"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b17-l418","source":"σίτου· ἐγὼ δέ κέ σε κλείω κατʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν.","translation":"and I will spread your fame over the boundless earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λώϊον","gloss":"of bread"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλείω","gloss":"and I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κλείω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κλείω","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"proclaim","note":"subjunctive κλείω with κέ, potential sense 'I would spread your fame'"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ᾽","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b17-l419","source":"καὶ γὰρ ἐγώ ποτε οἶκον ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔναιον","translation":"For I too once dwelt in a house among men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔναιον","gloss":"a house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I dwelt"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b17-l420","source":"ὄλβιος ἀφνειὸν καὶ πολλάκι δόσκον ἀλήτῃ,","translation":"a rich man in a wealthy home, and often I gave to the wanderer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l420.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δόσκον","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"δόσκον is an iterative form (with the -σκ- suffix) of the imperfect, 'I used to give again and again,' stressing repeated past generosity."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβιος","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prosperous","note":"ὄλβιος, 'blessed/wealthy' — Odysseus disguised as beggar recalling his own lost fortune"},{"surface":"ἀφνειὸν","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόσκον","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"δόσκον","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I used to give","note":"iterative imperfect δόσκον, 'I habitually gave' — marks repeated past charity"},{"surface":"ἀλήτῃ","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσκον","gloss":"to a wanderer"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b17-l421","source":"τοίῳ ὁποῖος ἔοι καὶ ὅτευ κεχρημένος ἔλθοι·","translation":"whoever he might be and in whatever need he came;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίῳ","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτῃ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ὁποῖος","lemma":"ὁποῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whatever kind","note":"τοίῳ...ὁποῖος: correlative pair, 'such...as whatever'—epic indirect construction."},{"surface":"ἔοι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"he might be","note":"Optative ἔοι (for εἴη) expresses vague indefiniteness in a relative clause."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτευ","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κεχρημένος","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεχρημένος","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"being in need"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"he came","note":"Aorist optative ἔλθοι paired with ἔοι: both optatives in a general/indefinite clause of past repeated situation."}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b17-l422","source":"ἦσαν δὲ δμῶες μάλα μυρίοι ἄλλα τε πολλὰ","translation":"I had servants beyond counting, and many other things besides","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δμῶες","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"slaves","note":"δμῶες: war-captive household servants, common Homeric term for slave labor."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μυρίοι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δμῶες","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b17-l423","source":"οἷσίν τʼ εὖ ζώουσι καὶ ἀφνειοὶ καλέονται.","translation":"by which men live well and are called wealthy.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷσίν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by which","note":"Dative of means/cause ὁῖσιν (=οἷς): 'by means of which things' men live well."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώουσι","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ζώουσι","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"they live"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφνειοὶ","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"καλέονται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"are called"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b17-l424","source":"ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς ἀλάπαξε Κρονίων—ἤθελε γάρ που—","translation":"But Zeus, son of Cronos, laid it all waste—for so he wished, I suppose—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλάπαξε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀλάπαξε","lemma":"ἀλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid waste","note":"ἀλαπάζω: strong epic verb for utterly destroying/sacking, often of cities."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"που—","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I suppose","note":"που here softens the claim—speaker's resigned uncertainty about divine will."}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b17-l425","source":"ὅς μʼ ἅμα ληϊστῆρσι πολυπλάγκτοισιν ἀνῆκεν","translation":"who sent me off with far-roaming pirates","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ληϊστῆρσι","lemma":"λῃστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"pirates","note":"λῃστήρ: raiders/pirates, a stock Odyssey hazard for wandering sailors."},{"surface":"πολυπλάγκτοισιν","lemma":"πολύπλαγκτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ληϊστῆρσι","gloss":"far-roaming"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεὺς","gloss":"sent off"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b17-l426","source":"Αἴγυπτόνδʼ ἰέναι, δολιχὴν ὁδόν, ὄφρʼ ἀπολοίμην.","translation":"to go to Egypt, a long voyage, that I might perish there.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴγυπτόνδ","lemma":"Αἴγυπτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to Egypt","note":"Directional suffix -δε on Αἴγυπτον: 'to/toward Egypt,' common epic motion-marker."},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"δολιχὴν","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδόν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὁδόν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"road/voyage"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀπολοίμην","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I might perish","note":"Optative of purpose ἀπολοίμην: bitterly ironic, 'so that I might die there.'"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b17-l427","source":"στῆσα δʼ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ποταμῷ νέας ἀμφιελίσσας.","translation":"I moored my curved ships in the river of Egypt.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l427.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νέας ἀμφιελίσσας","title":"Curved ships","body":"ἀμφιέλισσα, 'curved on both ends,' is a standing epithet for ships, picturing the hull sweeping up at bow and stern."}],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσα","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I moored"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Αἰγύπτῳ","lemma":"Αἴγυπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"Egypt"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στῆσα","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσας","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"curved","note":"ἀμφιέλισσα: Homeric epithet for ships, 'curved at both ends.'"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b17-l428","source":"ἔνθʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ἐγὼ κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους","translation":"There, to be sure, I ordered my trusty companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κελόμην","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρας","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"trusty","note":"ἐρίηρος: stock epithet 'trusty, faithful,' regularly paired with ἑταῖρος 'companion.'"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b17-l429","source":"αὐτοῦ πὰρ νήεσσι μένειν καὶ νῆας ἔρυσθαι,","translation":"to stay by the ships and guard them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένειν","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσθαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔρυσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to guard"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b17-l430","source":"ὀπτῆρας δὲ κατὰ σκοπιὰς ὤτρυνα νέεσθαι.","translation":"and I sent scouts off to the lookout points.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀπτῆρας","lemma":"ὀπτήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤτρυνα","gloss":"lookouts/scouts"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"σκοπιὰς","lemma":"σκοπιά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"lookout points"},{"surface":"ὤτρυνα","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urged"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὤτρυνα","gloss":"to go"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b17-l431","source":"οἱ δʼ ὕβρει εἴξαντες, ἐπισπόμενοι μένεϊ σφῷ,","translation":"But they, giving way to insolence and yielding to their own impulse,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕβρει","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴξαντες","gloss":"insolence","note":"ὕβρις: reckless, overweening violence—key Homeric moral concept for wrongdoing that invites ruin."},{"surface":"εἴξαντες","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"giving way to"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενοι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"μένεϊ","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενοι","gloss":"impulse/force"},{"surface":"σφῷ","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένεϊ","gloss":"their own"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b17-l432","source":"αἶψα μάλʼ Αἰγυπτίων ἀνδρῶν περικαλλέας ἀγροὺς","translation":"at once began to ravage the lovely fields of the Egyptian men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πόρθεον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Αἰγυπτίων","lemma":"Αἰγύπτιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Egyptian"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγροὺς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"περικαλλέας","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγροὺς","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"ἀγροὺς","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πόρθεον","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b17-l433","source":"πόρθεον, ἐκ δὲ γυναῖκας ἄγον καὶ νήπια τέκνα,","translation":"and carried off the women and little children,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόρθεον","lemma":"πορθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began ravaging","note":"πόρθεον picks up across the line-break from ἀγροὺς in l432: 'they began sacking...fields.'"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἐκ...ἄγον: tmesis, verb split by δὲ—'carried off/away.'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b17-l434","source":"αὐτούς τʼ ἔκτεινον· τάχα δʼ ἐς πόλιν ἵκετʼ ἀϋτή.","translation":"and killed the men; and quickly the outcry reached the city.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔκτεινον","gloss":"the men themselves"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτεινον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they killed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἀϋτή","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"outcry"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b17-l435","source":"οἱ δὲ βοῆς ἀΐοντες ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν","translation":"Hearing the shout, they came at the showing of dawn;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῆς","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐοντες","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"ἀΐοντες","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"φαινομένηφιν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"appearing","note":"φαινομένηφιν: archaic instrumental-locative -φι(ν) ending on a participle, rare Homeric case form."}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b17-l436","source":"ἦλθον· πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων","translation":"the whole plain was filled with foot-soldiers and horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came","note":"ἦλθον completes the sentence begun in l435 (ἀΐοντες...ἦλθον, 'hearing...they came')."},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πλῆτο","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"πεζῶν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"foot soldiers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b17-l437","source":"χαλκοῦ τε στεροπῆς· ἐν δὲ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος","translation":"and the flash of bronze; and Zeus who delights in thunder","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l437.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τερπικέραυνος","title":"Delighting in thunder","body":"τερπικέραυνος, 'who delights in the thunderbolt,' is a fixed epithet of Zeus, here invoked as he turns the battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στεροπῆς","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στεροπῆς","lemma":"στεροπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon","note":"ἐν...βάλεν: tmesis, preposition separated from βάλεν 'cast (panic) upon/among.'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικέραυνος","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"thunder-delighting","note":"τερπικέραυνος: fixed Homeric epithet of Zeus, 'delighting in the thunderbolt.'"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b17-l438","source":"φύζαν ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισι κακὴν βάλεν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"cast cowardly panic on my comrades, and none dared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύζαν","lemma":"φύζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"panic/rout"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"κακὴν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύζαν","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b17-l439","source":"στῆναι ἐναντίβιον· περὶ γὰρ κακὰ πάντοθεν ἔστη.","translation":"to stand and face them; for ruin closed in on every side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στῆναι","gloss":"facing them"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all around","note":"περὶ...ἔστη: tmesis, 'stood/closed in all around'—preposition separated from its verb."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"evils/ruin"},{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood/closed in"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b17-l440","source":"ἔνθʼ ἡμέων πολλοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτανον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"There they killed many of us with the sharp bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l440.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ","title":"The sharp bronze","body":"χαλκός, 'bronze,' commonly stands by metonymy for a weapon. 'With the sharp bronze' means with the blade or spear-point."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκτανον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πολλοὺς","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπέκτανον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἀπέκτανον","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκτανον","gloss":"bronze","note":"Instrumental dative χαλκῷ, 'with the sharp bronze'—metonymy for weapons."}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b17-l441","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄναγον ζωούς, σφίσιν ἐργάζεσθαι ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"and others they led away alive, to do forced labor for them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄναγον","gloss":"others","note":"τοὺς δ᾽ picks up the μὲν...δὲ contrast begun in l440: 'some...others.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄναγον","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led away"},{"surface":"ζωούς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐργάζεσθαι","gloss":"for themselves"},{"surface":"ἐργάζεσθαι","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἄναγον","gloss":"to labor"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐργάζεσθαι","gloss":"by compulsion"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b17-l442","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ ἐς Κύπρον ξείνῳ δόσαν ἀντιάσαντι,","translation":"But me they gave to a stranger who met them, to take to Cyprus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Κύπρον","lemma":"κύπρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Cyprus"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to a stranger"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they gave"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσαντι","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"who happened to meet them"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b17-l443","source":"Δμήτορι Ἰασίδῃ, ὃς Κύπρου ἶφι ἄνασσεν·","translation":"Dmetor son of Iasus, who ruled Cyprus with might.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δμήτορι","lemma":"Δμήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Dmetor"},{"surface":"Ἰασίδῃ","lemma":"Ἰασίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δμήτορι","gloss":"son of Iasus","note":"Patronymic -ίδης suffix marks Dmetor as 'son of Iasus,' standard epic naming."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνασσεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Κύπρου","lemma":"Κύπρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄνασσεν","gloss":"Cyprus"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνασσεν","gloss":"mightily"},{"surface":"ἄνασσεν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δμήτορι","gloss":"ruled"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b17-l444","source":"ἔνθεν δὴ νῦν δεῦρο τόδʼ ἵκω πήματα πάσχων.","translation":"From there I have now come here, suffering hardships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκω","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἵκω","gloss":"to this"},{"surface":"ἵκω","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come","note":"ἵκω here used with present tense/aoristic force = 'I have come'—Odysseus's cover-story ends."},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκω","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b17-l445","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Then Antinous answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαμείβετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"ἀπαμείβετο","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἀπαμείβετο...φώνησέν τε: standard Homeric speech-introduction formula, 'answered and spoke.'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b17-l446","source":"τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε, δαιτὸς ἀνίην;","translation":"\"What god has brought this plague upon us, this spoiler of our feast?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l446.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμων","title":"daimon","body":"Here daimon means a divine power generally, not a named god. Homer often uses it for an unspecified supernatural agent behind events."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δαίμων","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσήγαγε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προσήγαγε","gloss":"plague/nuisance"},{"surface":"προσήγαγε","lemma":"προσάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀνίην","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"ἀνίην","lemma":"ἀνία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"annoyance","note":"δαιτὸς ἀνίην: contemptuous phrase, 'spoiler of the feast'—Antinous mocking the disguised beggar Odysseus."}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b17-l447","source":"στῆθʼ οὕτως ἐς μέσσον, ἐμῆς ἀπάνευθε τραπέζης,","translation":"Stand off there in the middle, away from my table,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l447.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"στῆθʼ","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"stêthi is the 2nd aorist active imperative of histēmi (ἵστημι), \"stand.\" ἵσταμαι is the middle/passive present form; the intransitive aorist ἔστην and its imperative στῆθι derive from the active paradigm of ἵστημι. The aorist imperative commands a single, definite act rather than ongoing behavior."}],"words":[{"surface":"στῆθ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τραπέζης","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"τραπέζης","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b17-l448","source":"μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι·","translation":"or you may soon reach a bitter Egypt and Cyprus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκηαι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"πικρὴν","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"Αἴγυπτον","lemma":"Αἴγυπτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Egypt"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κύπρον","lemma":"Κύπρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Cyprus"},{"surface":"ἵκηαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"you reach","note":"Aorist subjunctive ἵκηαι with μή: a threat/warning, 'lest you reach'—implying violent expulsion."}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b17-l449","source":"ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης.","translation":"What a bold and shameless beggar you are!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how","note":"ὥς here = 'how!' exclamatory, not the usual comparative 'as'."},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies προΐκτης","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέος","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναιδής","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"you are","note":"Epic 2nd sg. ἐσσι (for εἶ) — common Homeric form of 'to be'."},{"surface":"προΐκτης","lemma":"προίκτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"beggar"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b17-l450","source":"ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι· οἱ δὲ διδοῦσι","translation":"You stand by each man in turn, and they give to you","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρίστασαι","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of παρίστασαι","gloss":"to each"},{"surface":"παρίστασαι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you stand by","note":"Middle voice παρίστασαι, 'station yourself beside' — vivid picture of the beggar moving table to table."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διδοῦσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διδοῦσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b17-l451","source":"μαψιδίως, ἐπεὶ οὔ τις ἐπίσχεσις οὐδʼ ἐλεητὺς","translation":"recklessly, since there is no restraint, no pity,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διδοῦσι","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies δ᾽","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἐπίσχεσις","lemma":"ἐπίσχεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"restraint","note":"ἐπίσχεσις, rare abstract noun — 'a holding back', i.e. self-restraint in giving."},{"surface":"ἐλεητὺς","lemma":"ἐλεητύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b17-l452","source":"ἀλλοτρίων χαρίσασθαι, ἐπεὶ πάρα πολλὰ ἑκάστῳ.","translation":"in giving away another's goods, when plenty lies at hand for each.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίων","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of χαρίσασθαι","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"χαρίσασθαι","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to give away","note":"χαρίσασθαι + genitive ἀλλοτρίων: 'to be generous with what belongs to others' — the suitors' vice."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there is at hand"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"for each"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b17-l453","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀναχωρήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then, drawing back, Odysseus of many wiles replied to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l453.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"polymetis Odysseus","body":"polymetis, \"of many counsels/wiles,\" is a fixed epithet for Odysseus. Such formulaic epithets help fill the hexameter line and mark the hero's defining trait."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσας","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"replied"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς — a fixed Homeric epithet-formula, 'crafty/resourceful Odysseus'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b17-l454","source":"ὢ πόποι, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γʼ ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν·","translation":"\"For shame! So your looks and your wits do not match after all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"for shame","note":"ὢ πόποι, stock exclamation of dismay/indignation in Homer."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἦσαν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἴδεϊ","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were","note":"Imperfect ἦσαν: 'were [matching]' — implies looks and wits normally go together but don't here."}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b17-l455","source":"οὐ σύ γʼ ἂν ἐξ οἴκου σῷ ἐπιστάτῃ οὐδʼ ἅλα δοίης,","translation":"From your own house you would not give even a pinch of salt to your servant,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δοίης","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιστάτῃ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάτῃ","lemma":"ἐπιστάτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"salt","note":"ἅλα, 'salt' — proverbially the cheapest thing one could give; hyperbole for extreme stinginess."},{"surface":"δοίης","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give","note":"Aorist optative δοίης with ἂν: potential 'you would give' — contrary-to-expectation."}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b17-l456","source":"ὃς νῦν ἀλλοτρίοισι παρήμενος οὔ τί μοι ἔτλης","translation":"you who now, sitting at another man's table, could not bear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλης","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρήμενος","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίοισι","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of παρήμενος","gloss":"another's [table]"},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτλης","gloss":"sitting at"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔτλης","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔτλης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σύ","gloss":"dared/could bear","note":"ἔτλης, aorist of τλάω 'endure/bring yourself to' — sharp irony since Antinous sits at another's table too."}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b17-l457","source":"σίτου ἀποπροελὼν δόμεναι· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ πάρεστιν.","translation":"to take a scrap of bread and give it to me, though plenty lies here.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπροελὼν","gloss":"of bread"},{"surface":"ἀποπροελὼν","lemma":"ἀποπροαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτλης","gloss":"taking a bit"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλης","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πάρεστιν","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"plenty"},{"surface":"πάρεστιν","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies at hand"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b17-l458","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐχολώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,","translation":"So he spoke, and Antinous grew angrier still in his heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l458.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐχολώσατο","title":"Augmented aorist","body":"echolosato is an aorist middle; the prefixed e- is the past-tense augment marking completed action. The middle voice shows the anger arising within Antinous himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχολώσατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"κηρόθι","lemma":"κηρόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"in heart","note":"κηρόθι, rare locative-type adverb 'in the heart', built from κῆρ."},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"more/still"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b17-l459","source":"καί μιν ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and glaring darkly at him he spoke winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"with dark look","note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, formulaic Homeric phrase for an angry glare, recurs often before hostile speeches."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words' — one of Homer's most famous formulaic phrases introducing speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b17-l460","source":"νῦν δή σʼ οὐκέτι καλὰ διὲκ μεγάροιό γʼ ὀΐω","translation":"\"Now I think you will no longer pass back out through the hall","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναχωρήσειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀναχωρήσειν","gloss":"safely","note":"καλὰ used adverbially, 'in good/safe fashion' — Antinous threatens Odysseus won't leave unharmed."},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out through"},{"surface":"μεγάροιό","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b17-l461","source":"ἂψ ἀναχωρήσειν, ὅτε δὴ καὶ ὀνείδεα βάζεις.","translation":"in good order, since you fling insults at me as well.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχωρήσειν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσειν","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will withdraw"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὀνείδεα","lemma":"ὄνειδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βάζεις","gloss":"insults"},{"surface":"βάζεις","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"you fling"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b17-l462","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, καὶ θρῆνυν ἑλὼν βάλε δεξιὸν ὦμον,","translation":"So he spoke, and seizing a footstool he struck the right shoulder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρῆνυν","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"footstool","note":"θρῆνυς, the footstool Antinous hurls — a domestic object turned weapon, marking his lack of self-control."},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b17-l463","source":"πρυμνότατον κατὰ νῶτον· ὁ δʼ ἐστάθη ἠΰτε πέτρη","translation":"low on the back. But Odysseus stood firm as a rock,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠΰτε πέτρη","title":"Like a rock","body":"The simile eute petre, \"like a rock,\" stresses Odysseus's immovable self-control under the blow, a recurring image of endurance."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρυμνότατον","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies νῶτον","gloss":"lowest part of"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νῶτον","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστάθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐστάθη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood firm"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a rock","note":"Simile ἠΰτε πέτρη, 'like a rock' — famous image of Odysseus's stoic endurance under abuse."}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b17-l464","source":"ἔμπεδον, οὐδʼ ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος Ἀντινόοιο,","translation":"unmoved; the missile of Antinous did not stagger him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐστάθη","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σφῆλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σφῆλεν","lemma":"σφάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not stagger"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of σφῆλεν","gloss":"missile"},{"surface":"Ἀντινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"of Antinous"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b17-l465","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων κίνησε κάρη, κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων.","translation":"but in silence he shook his head, brooding evil deep within.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κίνησε","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"κίνησε","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shook"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κίνησε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βυσσοδομεύων","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"βυσσοδομεύων","lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίνησε","gloss":"brooding","note":"βυσσοδομεύων, 'building deep down' — vivid compound verb for hidden scheming, used elsewhere of Odysseus himself."}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b17-l466","source":"ἂψ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, κὰδ δʼ ἄρα πήρην","translation":"He went back to the threshold and sat down there, and set down his wallet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κὰδ = κατά in tmesis with a verb further on (θῆκεν) — separated preverb, typical epic word order."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πήρην","lemma":"πήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"wallet"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b17-l467","source":"θῆκεν ἐϋπλείην, μετὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσιν ἔειπε·","translation":"well-filled, and spoke among the suitors:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλείην","lemma":"ἐύπλειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"well-filled"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b17-l468","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης,","translation":"\"Hear me, you suitors of the glorious queen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε is a reduplicated aorist imperative of κλύω (not a perfect form), a formulaic Homeric opening for public speeches."},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτῆς","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλείης","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"βασιλείης","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"of the queen"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b17-l469","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may say what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may say"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b17-l470","source":"οὐ μὰν οὔτʼ ἄχος ἐστὶ μετὰ φρεσὶν οὔτε τι πένθος,","translation":"Truly there is no grief in the mind, no sorrow,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l470.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔτʼ ... οὔτε","title":"Correlative negatives","body":"oute ... oute, \"neither ... nor,\" is a paired connective coordinating the two things denied. Such correlatives knit the line's clauses together."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of οὔ","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of οὔ","gloss":"sorrow"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b17-l471","source":"ὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ περὶ οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι","translation":"when a man, fighting in defense of his own possessions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βλήεται","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in defense of"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μαχειόμενος","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλήεται","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσι","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"possessions"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b17-l472","source":"βλήεται, ἢ περὶ βουσὶν ἢ ἀργεννῇς ὀΐεσσιν·","translation":"is struck, whether over his cattle or his white sheep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλήεται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ᾽","gloss":"is struck"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"βουσὶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀργεννῇς","lemma":"ἀργεννός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀΐεσσιν","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀΐεσσιν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b17-l473","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ Ἀντίνοος βάλε γαστέρος εἵνεκα λυγρῆς,","translation":"But Antinous struck me for the sake of my wretched belly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"γαστέρος","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"λυγρῆς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρος","gloss":"wretched"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b17-l474","source":"οὐλομένης, ἣ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἀνθρώποισι δίδωσιν.","translation":"that accursed thing, which gives men so many evils.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλομένης","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρος","gloss":"accursed","note":"οὐλομένης modifies γαστέρος 'belly' from the previous line — the belly personified as a cursed force driving men to shame, a recurring Odyssey theme."},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δίδωσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάκ᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δίδωσιν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδωσιν","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"δίδωσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαστέρος","gloss":"gives"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b17-l475","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ καὶ Ἐρινύες εἰσίν,","translation":"Yet if anywhere there are gods and Furies for beggars,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"πτωχῶν","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of beggars"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρινύες","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Furies","note":"Ἐρινύες, avenging spirits invoked here as protectors of beggars/suppliants — foreshadows the suitors' doom."},{"surface":"εἰσίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"there are"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b17-l476","source":"Ἀντίνοον πρὸ γάμοιο τέλος θανάτοιο κιχείη.","translation":"may the doom of death find Antinous before his marriage.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοον","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιχείη","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γάμοιο","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κιχείη","gloss":"end/doom"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"κιχείη","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may find","note":"Optative κιχείη expresses a curse-wish — Odysseus in disguise darkly predicts Antinous's actual fate."}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b17-l477","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος προσέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered","note":"πρόσφημι is one of several epic verbs used to introduce a speaker's reply in formula lines (compare προσέειπε, ἔειπεν used elsewhere in this same passage) — not the sole or exclusive one."},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son","note":"'son of X' patronymic apposition is a standard Homeric way of identifying a hero by his father."}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b17-l478","source":"ἔσθιʼ ἕκηλος, ξεῖνε, καθήμενος, ἢ ἄπιθʼ ἄλλῃ,","translation":"\"Eat in peace, stranger, where you sit, or go off elsewhere,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθι","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"ἕκηλος","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease","note":"ἕκηλος 'undisturbed, at your leisure' — nominative agreeing with the implied 'you', describing manner rather than a separate action."},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσθι᾽","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄπιθ","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go away"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄπιθ᾽","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b17-l479","source":"μή σε νέοι διὰ δώματʼ ἐρύσσωσʼ, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"lest the young men drag you through the house for what you say,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύσσωσ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐρύσσωσ᾽","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσωσ","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"drag","note":"aorist subjunctive after μή expresses a feared future result — 'lest they drag you.'"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"such things as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσσωσ᾽","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b17-l480","source":"ἢ ποδὸς ἢ καὶ χειρός, ἀποδρύψωσι δὲ πάντα.","translation":"by a foot or a hand, and strip the skin from all of you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"by the foot","note":"genitive of the part seized — 'by the foot,' a common Greek idiom for grabbing someone by a body part."},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἀποδρύψωσι","lemma":"ἀποδρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"strip/flay"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀποδρύψωσι","gloss":"all (your skin)"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b17-l481","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὑπερφιάλως\n                  νεμέσησαν·","translation":"So he spoke, but they were all exceedingly indignant,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφατο (here ἔφαθ᾽), middle voice of φημί, is the standard epic 'so he/she said' closing a speech."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμέσησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεμέσησαν","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"νεμέσησαν","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were indignant","note":"νεμεσάω 'feel righteous indignation' — the suitors react with moral outrage at Antinous, not mere anger."}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b17-l482","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·","translation":"and one of the arrogant young men would say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"εἴπεσκε is an iterative aorist form ('kept saying'), marking a repeated action typical of many voices — Homeric iterative in -σκε."},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the young men"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νέων","gloss":"overbearing"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b17-l483","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὐ μὲν κάλʼ ἔβαλες δύστηνον ἀλήτην,","translation":"\"Antinous, you did wrong to strike that wretched wanderer.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"κάλη","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλες","gloss":"well","note":"κάλ(α) here is adverbial 'well/nobly' (contracted from καλά), not a literal 'beautiful things.'"},{"surface":"ἔβαλες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you struck"},{"surface":"δύστηνον","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἀλήτην","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλες","gloss":"wanderer"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b17-l484","source":"οὐλόμενʼ, εἰ δή πού τις ἐπουράνιος θεός ἐστιν.","translation":"Doomed man, what if he should be some heavenly god?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλόμεν","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"doomed one","note":"vocative addressed to Antinous himself — a bitter rebuke, 'you doomed man,' from a fellow suitor."},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἐπουράνιος","lemma":"ἐπουράνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"heavenly"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b17-l485","source":"καί τε θεοὶ ξείνοισιν ἐοικότες ἀλλοδαποῖσι,","translation":"For the gods, in the likeness of strangers from far lands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιστρωφῶσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ξείνοισιν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"to strangers"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"resembling","note":"perfect participle of ἔοικα ('to seem like') expresses a settled state — gods habitually disguise themselves as foreigners."},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαποῖσι","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνοισιν","gloss":"from foreign lands"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b17-l486","source":"παντοῖοι τελέθοντες, ἐπιστρωφῶσι πόληας,","translation":"taking all kinds of forms, range through the cities,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοῖοι","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in every guise"},{"surface":"τελέθοντες","lemma":"τελέθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"becoming"},{"surface":"ἐπιστρωφῶσι","lemma":"ἐπιστρωφάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roam through"},{"surface":"πόληας","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιστρωφῶσι","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b17-l487","source":"ἀνθρώπων ὕβριν τε καὶ εὐνομίην ἐφορῶντες.","translation":"watching over the insolence and the good order of men.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"insolence"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνομίην","lemma":"εὐνομία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"good order","note":"ὕβρις vs εὐνομίη form a deliberate moral pairing: gods watch over both human wrongdoing and lawful order."},{"surface":"ἐφορῶντες","lemma":"ἐφοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιστρωφῶσι","gloss":"watching over"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b17-l488","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν μνηστῆρες, ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐμπάζετο μύθων.","translation":"So spoke the suitors, but he paid no heed to their words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφαν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζετο","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heeded","note":"ἐμπάζομαι 'pay attention to' — Antinous's indifference to the suitors' rebuke shows his hardened arrogance."},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b17-l489","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἐν μὲν κραδίῃ μέγα πένθος ἄεξε","translation":"Telemachus nursed a great grief in his heart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κραδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄεξε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἄεξε","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nursed","note":"ἀέξω 'make grow' used metaphorically of grief swelling inside — physical growth-language applied to emotion."}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b17-l490","source":"βλημένου, οὐδʼ ἄρα δάκρυ χαμαὶ βάλεν ἐκ βλεφάροιϊν,","translation":"for the man struck, yet he let no tear fall to the ground from his eyes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βλεφάροιϊν","title":"Dual ending","body":"blepharoiin is a dual form, \"from the two eyelids.\" Homeric Greek keeps the dual number for naturally paired things like eyes and hands."}],"words":[{"surface":"βλημένου","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"struck","note":"genitive absolute-like participle referring to the beggar (Odysseus) hit by the stool, explaining the cause of Telemachus's grief."},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall","note":"βάλλω here idiomatically means 'let (a tear) fall,' not 'throw' — same verb as 'strike' earlier, showing its wide range."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βλεφάροιϊν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"eyes","note":"dual number βλεφάροιϊν 'the two eyes/eyelids' — Homeric Greek still uses the dual for natural pairs."}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b17-l491","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων κίνησε κάρη, κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων.","translation":"but in silence he shook his head, brooding evil deep within.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"silently"},{"surface":"κίνησε","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κίνησε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βυσσοδομεύων","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"βυσσοδομεύων","lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίνησε","gloss":"brooding","note":"βυσσοδομεύω literally 'build in the depths' — a vivid compound for scheming silently deep within."}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b17-l492","source":"τοῦ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἤκουσε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια","translation":"Now when wise Penelope heard of him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤκουσε","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων 'circumspect, very wise' is Penelope's standing epithet, marking her prudence throughout the poem."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b17-l493","source":"βλημένου ἐν μεγάρῳ, μετʼ ἄρα δμῳῇσιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"struck in the hall, she spoke among her serving women:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλημένου","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσιν","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"serving women"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b17-l494","source":"αἴθʼ οὕτως αὐτόν σε βάλοι κλυτότοξος Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"\"May Apollo, famed for his bow, strike you down in the same way!\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l494.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βάλοι","title":"Optative of wish","body":"baloi is an aorist optative expressing a wish or curse, \"may he strike.\" The optative is Homer's regular mood for prayers and imprecations."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἴθε introduces an unfulfillable wish with the optative βάλοι — a curse-wish construction."},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλοι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"him (emphatic)"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of βάλοι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βάλοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"κλυτότοξος","lemma":"κλυτότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"famed for his bow","note":"κλυτότοξος, an epithet of Apollo, ties this curse to the god known for striking people down with arrows (plague/death)."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλοι","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b17-l495","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρυνόμη ταμίη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"Then Eurynome the housekeeper said to her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυνόμη","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said, spoke"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b17-l496","source":"εἰ γὰρ ἐπʼ ἀρῇσιν τέλος ἡμετέρῃσι γένοιτο·","translation":"\"If only an end might come in answer to our prayers!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only","note":"εἰ γάρ + optative γένοιτο is a standard Homeric wish formula, 'if only it might happen.'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀρῇσιν","lemma":"ἀρά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"our prayers"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"fulfillment"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃσι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρῇσιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b17-l497","source":"οὐκ ἄν τις τούτων γε ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ ἵκοιτο.","translation":"Then not one of these men would reach fair-throned Dawn.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l497.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ","title":"Fair-throned Dawn","body":"euthronos Eos, \"fair-throned Dawn,\" is a stock epithet for the dawn-goddess. \"To reach Dawn\" means to live to see another morning."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τούτων","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἐΰθρονον","lemma":"εὔθρονος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"fair-throned","note":"ἐΰθρονος 'with a fine throne' is a standing epithet of Dawn, part of the recurring dawn formula in epic."},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would reach","note":"ἄν + optative ἵκοιτο is a potential optative: 'would reach,' i.e. survive to see."}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b17-l498","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then wise Penelope answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b17-l499","source":"μαῖʼ, ἐχθροὶ μὲν πάντες, ἐπεὶ κακὰ μηχανόωνται·","translation":"\"Nurse, they are all hateful to me, for they plot evil,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαῖ","lemma":"μαῖα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"nurse","note":"μαῖα, an affectionate vocative 'nurse/mother,' Penelope's term of address to Eurynome."},{"surface":"ἐχθροὶ","lemma":"ἐχθρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"μηχανόωνται","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"they plot"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b17-l500","source":"Ἀντίνοος δὲ μάλιστα μελαίνῃ κηρὶ ἔοικε.","translation":"but Antinous most of all is like black death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔοικε","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔοικε","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κηρὶ","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"κηρὶ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"death","note":"κήρ personifies violent death/doom as a dark spirit — comparing Antinous to it is a strong Homeric condemnation."},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"resembles"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b17-l501","source":"ξεῖνός τις δύστηνος ἀλητεύει κατὰ δῶμα","translation":"Some luckless stranger wanders through the house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνός","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλητεύει","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνός","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"δύστηνος","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνός","gloss":"luckless"},{"surface":"ἀλητεύει","lemma":"ἀλητεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wanders"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b17-l502","source":"ἀνέρας αἰτίζων· ἀχρημοσύνη γὰρ ἀνώγει·","translation":"begging from the men, for need drives him on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτίζων","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"αἰτίζων","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλητεύει","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"ἀχρημοσύνη","lemma":"ἀχρημοσύνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"want","note":"ἀχρημοσύνη 'lack of means, poverty' — abstract noun as grammatical subject driving the beggar's need."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"compels"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b17-l503","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐνέπλησάν τʼ ἔδοσάν τε,","translation":"There all the others filled his wallet and gave to him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐνέπλησάν","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled (his bag)"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδοσάν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b17-l504","source":"οὗτος δὲ θρήνυι πρυμνὸν βάλε δεξιὸν ὦμον.","translation":"but this man hurled a footstool low at his right shoulder.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θρήνυι","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with a footstool","note":"θρῆνυς, the stool Antinous throws — a concrete prop marking his casual cruelty toward the disguised Odysseus."},{"surface":"πρυμνὸν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"low/at the base"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b17-l505","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς ἀγόρευε μετὰ δμῳῇσι γυναιξίν,","translation":"So she spoke among her serving women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἀγορεύω 'speak publicly' — imperfect for ongoing speech among the women."},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσι","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναιξίν","gloss":"serving"},{"surface":"γυναιξίν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"women","note":"δμῳῇσι γυναιξίν 'slave women' — two nouns in apposition, both dative plural feminine."}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b17-l506","source":"ἡμένη ἐν θαλάμῳ· ὁ δʼ ἐδείπνεε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"seated in her chamber, while noble Odysseus was eating his dinner.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμένη","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θαλάμῳ","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδείπνεε","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was eating dinner"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς — the standing epic epithet-name formula for Odysseus, filling the line's end."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b17-l507","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπὶ οἷ καλέσασα προσηύδα δῖον ὑφορβόν·","translation":"Then she called the noble swineherd to her and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"her","note":"οἷ is the enclitic dative reflexive 'to herself/her' — object of ἐπί."},{"surface":"καλέσασα","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"having called"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβόν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβόν","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b17-l508","source":"ἔρχεο, δῖʼ Εὔμαιε, κιὼν τὸν ξεῖνον ἄνωχθι","translation":"\"Go, noble Eumaeus, and bid the stranger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"ἔρχεο is a middle imperative of ἔρχομαι, common in commands to 'be on your way.'"},{"surface":"δῖ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄνωχθι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid","note":"ἄνωχθι, a perfect-form imperative of ἄνωγα ('command'), functions as a present command in Homer."}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b17-l509","source":"ἐλθέμεν, ὄφρα τί μιν προσπτύξομαι ἠδʼ ἐρέωμαι","translation":"come, so that I may greet him and ask him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προσπτύξομαι","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προσπτύξομαι","lemma":"ποτιπτύσσω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"I may greet"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέωμαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"I may ask","note":"προσπτύξομαι and ἐρέωμαι are parallel purpose subjunctives after ὄφρα, both governing 'him.'"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b17-l510","source":"εἴ που Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἠὲ πέπυσται","translation":"whether perhaps he has heard of much-enduring Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l510.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ταλασίφρονος","title":"much-enduring Odysseus","body":"talasiphron, \"of enduring spirit,\" is a standing epithet for Odysseus in the genitive here, agreeing with his name. Genitive marks him as the object heard about."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέπυσται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"ταλασίφρων 'enduring-hearted' — a recurring Odysseus epithet stressing his endurance of hardship."},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πέπυσται","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"has heard of"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b17-l511","source":"ἢ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσι· πολυπλάγκτῳ γὰρ ἔοικε.","translation":"or seen him with his eyes; for he seems much-traveled.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"with his eyes"},{"surface":"πολυπλάγκτῳ","lemma":"πολύπλαγκτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"much-traveled","note":"πολυπλάγκτῳ is the dative complement of ἔοικε ('he seems like a much-wandering man') — describing the stranger himself, not Odysseus by name."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he seems"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b17-l512","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα","translation":"Then you answered her, Eumaeus the swineherd:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l512.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Apostrophe to Eumaeus","body":"The poet addresses Eumaeus directly in the second person (\"you answered\"), a rare touch of affection. proséphes is a second-person singular imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"προσέφης, 2nd-singular imperfect, is the narrator directly addressing Eumaeus — a rare apostrophe formula Homer uses only for him."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b17-l513","source":"εἰ γάρ τοι, βασίλεια, σιωπήσειαν Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"\"If only, my queen, the Achaeans would fall silent!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only","note":"εἰ γάρ 'if only' introduces an unattainable wish, reinforced by the optative σιωπήσειαν."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"βασίλεια","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"σιωπήσειαν","lemma":"σιωπάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fall silent"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σιωπήσειαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b17-l514","source":"οἷʼ ὅ γε μυθεῖται, θέλγοιτό κέ τοι φίλον ἦτορ.","translation":"Such tales he tells, he would charm the dear heart within you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μυθεῖται","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μυθεῖται","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"θέλγοιτό","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would charm","note":"θέλγοιτό κε, optative + κε, expresses a potential result: 'it would charm.'"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέλγοιτό","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b17-l515","source":"τρεῖς γὰρ δή μιν νύκτας ἔχον, τρία δʼ ἤματʼ ἔρυξα","translation":"For three nights I kept him, three days I held him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νύκτας","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I kept"},{"surface":"τρία","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἤματ᾽","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔρυξα","gloss":"days","note":"τρεῖς νύκτας / τρία ἤματ᾽ — a balanced numeral pairing across the line for emphasis."},{"surface":"ἔρυξα","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I held"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b17-l516","source":"ἐν κλισίῃ· πρῶτον γὰρ ἔμʼ ἵκετο νηὸς ἀποδράς·","translation":"in my hut; for to me he came first when he fled from his ship.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποδράς","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἀποδράς","lemma":"ἀποδιδράσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"fleeing","note":"ἀποδράς 'having run off from' takes a genitive object (νηός) rather than accusative."}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b17-l517","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πω κακότητα διήνυσεν ἣν ἀγορεύων.","translation":"Yet still he had not finished telling of his troubles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"κακότητα","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διήνυσεν","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"διήνυσεν","lemma":"διανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"finished telling"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κακότητα","gloss":"his own","note":"ἣν here is the possessive ἑός 'his own,' not the relative pronoun — easy to mistake for one."},{"surface":"ἀγορεύων","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διήνυσεν","gloss":"recounting"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b17-l518","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀοιδὸν ἀνὴρ ποτιδέρκεται, ὅς τε θεῶν ἒξ","translation":"As when a man gazes at a singer who, taught by the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποτιδέρκεται","gloss":"singer","note":"ἀοιδόν 'bard' opens a famous extended simile comparing Odysseus's storytelling to a poet's spell."},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποτιδέρκεται","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ποτιδέρκεται","lemma":"προσδέρκομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gazes at"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀείδει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic te]"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἒξ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἒξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b17-l519","source":"ἀείδει δεδαὼς ἔπεʼ ἱμερόεντα βροτοῖσι,","translation":"sings words of longing to mortals,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀείδει","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀοιδὸν","gloss":"sings"},{"surface":"δεδαὼς","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀείδει","gloss":"having learned","note":"δεδαώς, perfect participle of δάω 'learn/teach,' implies skill acquired — 'taught' by the gods."},{"surface":"ἔπε","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀείδει","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεντα","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπε᾽","gloss":"full of longing"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσι","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείδει","gloss":"to mortals"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b17-l520","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἄμοτον μεμάασιν ἀκουέμεν, ὁππότʼ ἀείδῃ·","translation":"and they yearn endlessly to hear him whenever he sings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμοτον","lemma":"ἄμοτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμάασιν","gloss":"unceasingly"},{"surface":"μεμάασιν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"they yearn","note":"μεμάασιν, perfect of μέμαα 'be eager,' has present force — 'they are eager.'"},{"surface":"ἀκουέμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμάασιν","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἀείδῃ","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ᾽","gloss":"he sings"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b17-l521","source":"ὣς ἐμὲ κεῖνος ἔθελγε παρήμενος ἐν μεγάροισι.","translation":"so he charmed me as he sat beside me in my hut.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθελγε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθελγε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελγε","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἔθελγε","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charmed"},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθελγε","gloss":"sitting beside"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls","note":"μεγάροισι 'halls' is the standard word for a great house, here Eumaeus's own hut by extension."}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b17-l522","source":"φησὶ δʼ Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι,","translation":"He says he is a guest-friend of Odysseus's house from of old,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φησὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he says"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"Odysseus's"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-friend"},{"surface":"πατρώϊος","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"ancestral","note":"πατρώϊος ξεῖνος 'guest-friend from his father's time' — the xenia bond claimed to run back generations."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησὶ","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b17-l523","source":"Κρήτῃ ναιετάων, ὅθι Μίνωος γένος ἐστίν.","translation":"dwelling in Crete, where the race of Minos lives.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κρήτῃ","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ναιετάων","gloss":"in Crete"},{"surface":"ναιετάων","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Μίνωος","lemma":"Μίνως","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"Minos's"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κρήτῃ","gloss":"lives"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b17-l524","source":"ἔνθεν δὴ νῦν δεῦρο τόδʼ ἵκετο πήματα πάσχων,","translation":"From there he has now come here, suffering hardships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b17-l525","source":"προπροκυλινδόμενος· στεῦται δʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀκοῦσαι,","translation":"tumbling onward. He vows he has heard of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προπροκυλινδόμενος","lemma":"προπροκυλίνδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"tumbling forward","note":"προπροκυλινδόμενος, a rare reduplicated compound, mimics the beggar's exaggerated groveling in its very form."},{"surface":"στεῦται","lemma":"στεῦμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he vows"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκοῦσαι","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀκοῦσαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of στεῦται","gloss":"to have heard"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b17-l526","source":"ἀγχοῦ, Θεσπρωτῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐν πίονι δήμῳ,","translation":"near at hand, in the rich land of the Thesprotians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"Θεσπρωτῶν","lemma":"Θεσπρωτοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Thesprotian"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"men's"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b17-l527","source":"ζωοῦ· πολλὰ δʼ ἄγει κειμήλια ὅνδε δόμονδε.","translation":"alive; and he is bringing many treasures home.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωοῦ","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κειμήλια","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is bringing"},{"surface":"κειμήλια","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"to his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"homeward","note":"δόμονδε, 'to home,' uses the directional -δε suffix rather than a preposition — a common Homeric motion-formula."}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b17-l528","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then wise Penelope answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων Πηνελόπεια 'circumspect Penelope' is her recurring formulaic epithet-name pair."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b17-l529","source":"ἔρχεο, δεῦρο κάλεσσον, ἵνʼ ἀντίον αὐτὸς ἐνίσπῃ.","translation":"\"Go, call him here, that he may tell it to my face.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κάλεσσον","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κάλεσσον","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπῃ","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"may tell"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b17-l530","source":"οὗτοι δʼ ἠὲ θύρῃσι καθήμενοι ἑψιαάσθων.","translation":"Let these men amuse themselves, sitting at the doors","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτοι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἑψιαάσθων","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"θύρῃσι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθήμενοι","gloss":"at the doors"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἑψιαάσθων","lemma":"ἑψιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let them amuse themselves","note":"ἑψιαάσθων, 3rd-plural imperative, dismisses the suitors so Penelope can speak to the beggar alone."}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b17-l531","source":"ἢ αὐτοῦ κατὰ δώματʼ, ἐπεί σφισι θυμὸς ἐΰφρων.","translation":"or here within the house, since their hearts are merry.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐΰφρων","lemma":"εὔφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"merry"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b17-l532","source":"αὐτῶν μὲν γὰρ κτήματʼ ἀκήρατα κεῖτʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,","translation":"For their own goods lie untouched in their homes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κτήματ᾽","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἀκήρατα","lemma":"ἀκήρατος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"untouched","note":"ἀκήρατα 'unharmed' pointedly contrasts the suitors' own intact estates with the wealth of Odysseus they are devouring."},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b17-l533","source":"σῖτος καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ· τὰ μὲν οἰκῆες ἔδουσιν,","translation":"their bread and sweet wine; their servants eat those,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτος","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἡδύ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέθυ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἰκῆες","lemma":"οἰκεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"servants","note":"οἰκῆες, house-slaves; from οἶκος 'house', the household staff"},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eat"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b17-l534","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς ἡμέτερον πωλεύμενοι ἤματα πάντα,","translation":"while they come to our house day after day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"πωλεύμενοι","lemma":"πωλέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"coming, going","note":"πωλεύμενοι, iterative-sense middle participle: 'making a habit of coming'"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πωλεύμενοι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b17-l535","source":"βοῦς ἱερεύοντες καὶ ὄϊς καὶ πίονας αἶγας,","translation":"slaughtering our oxen and sheep and fat goats,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"ἱερεύοντες","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"slaughtering","note":"ἱερεύοντες, lit. 'making sacred/sacrificing' — killing livestock framed as ritual slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄϊς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b17-l536","source":"εἰλαπινάζουσιν πίνουσί τε αἴθοπα οἶνον,","translation":"and feast and drink the gleaming wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l536.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἴθοπα οἶνον","title":"Gleaming wine","body":"aithops oinos, \"gleaming/sparkling wine,\" is a recurring epithet for wine, evoking its bright, fiery color. Such fixed phrases fit the meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλαπινάζουσιν","lemma":"εἰλαπινάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"πίνουσί","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming","note":"αἴθοπα, epic epithet 'fiery/sparkling', standard formula for wine"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίνουσί","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b17-l537","source":"μαψιδίως· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ κατάνεται. οὐ γὰρ ἔπʼ ἀνήρ,","translation":"recklessly; and much is consumed. For there is no man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of κατάνεται","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κατάνεται","lemma":"κατάνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is consumed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"is (there)","note":"ἔπ' = ἔπι(=ἔστι), preposition-form standing in for the verb 'to be' — epic apocope"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b17-l538","source":"οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν, ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῦναι.","translation":"such as Odysseus was, to keep ruin from the house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as","note":"οἷος, correlative adjective introducing a comparison clause: 'a man such as Odysseus was'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνήρ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀρὴν","lemma":"ἀρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"ruin, harm"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"to ward off","note":"ἀμῦναι, infinitive of purpose: 'to keep ruin away from the house'"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b17-l539","source":"εἰ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἔλθοι καὶ ἵκοιτʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"But if Odysseus should come and reach his native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l539.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔλθοι ... ἵκοιτʼ","title":"Optative of future wish","body":"elthoi and hikoito are aorist optatives in a wish or remote condition, \"if he should come.\" The optative pictures the return as hoped-for but uncertain."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"should come","note":"ἔλθοι, optative in a future-less-vivid condition: 'if he should come'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"should reach"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b17-l540","source":"αἶψά κε σὺν ᾧ παιδὶ βίας ἀποτίσεται ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"soon, with his son, he would take vengeance for the men's violence.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his own","note":"ᾧ, possessive ἑός 'his own', epic reflexive possessive"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"violence, outrages"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσεται","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would avenge"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βίας","gloss":"of the men"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b17-l541","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ μέγʼ ἔπταρεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ\n                  δῶμα","translation":"So she spoke, and Telemachus sneezed loudly, and all around the house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπταρεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔπταρεν","gloss":"loudly (adv.)"},{"surface":"ἔπταρεν","lemma":"πταίρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sneezed","note":"ἔπταρεν, a sneeze at this moment is taken as a divine omen confirming her words"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κονάβησε","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κονάβησε","gloss":"hall, house"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b17-l542","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβησε· γέλασσε δὲ Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"rang terribly. And Penelope laughed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβησε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβησε","lemma":"κοναβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang, resounded"},{"surface":"γέλασσε","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b17-l543","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Εὔμαιον ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and at once she spoke winged words to Eumaeus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιον","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the Homeric formula 'winged words' introducing direct speech"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b17-l544","source":"ἔρχεό μοι, τὸν ξεῖνον ἐναντίον ὧδε κάλεσσον.","translation":"\"Go now, call the stranger here before me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεό","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεό","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλεσσον","gloss":"stranger, guest"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάλεσσον","gloss":"before (me)"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάλεσσον","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κάλεσσον","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b17-l545","source":"οὐχ ὁράᾳς ὅ μοι υἱὸς ἐπέπταρε πᾶσιν ἔπεσσι;","translation":"Do you not see how my son sneezed at all my words?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὁράᾳς","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you see"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how, that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέπταρε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐπέπταρε","lemma":"ἐπιπταίρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"sneezed at","note":"ἐπιπταίρω governs the dative ἔπεσσι: 'sneezed at all my words', an omen sealing them as true"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεσσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέπταρε","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b17-l546","source":"τῷ κε καὶ οὐκ ἀτελὴς θάνατος μνηστῆρσι γένοιτο","translation":"By this no half-doom of death will fall on the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"by this","note":"τῷ, instrumental dative pronoun 'by/because of this' — refers back to the sneeze-omen"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀτελὴς","lemma":"ἀτελής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατος","gloss":"unfulfilled, half","note":"ἀτελής, 'not brought to completion' — 'no incomplete death', i.e. death will surely happen"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would come"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b17-l547","source":"πᾶσι μάλʼ, οὐδέ κέ τις θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξει.","translation":"on every one; not one will escape death and the fates.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλύξει","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fates","note":"κῆρας, personified death-spirits, doublet with θάνατον for emphasis"},{"surface":"ἀλύξει","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will escape"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b17-l548","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·","translation":"And another thing I will tell you; lay it to heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart, mind"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay, put","note":"βάλλεο ἐνὶ φρεσί, idiom 'put it in your heart' = remember/take to heart"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b17-l549","source":"αἴ κʼ αὐτὸν γνώω νημερτέα πάντʼ ἐνέποντα,","translation":"if I find that he tells all things truthfully,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of γνώω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γνώω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"I find, learn"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνέποντα","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐνέποντα","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"telling","note":"ἐνέποντα, participle agreeing with αὐτὸν: 'find him telling all truly'"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b17-l550","source":"ἕσσω μιν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά.","translation":"I will clothe him in a cloak and tunic, fine garments.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσω","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will clothe"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b17-l551","source":"ὣς φάτο, βῆ δὲ συφορβός, ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον\n                  ἄκουσεν·","translation":"So she spoke, and the swineherd went off, once he had heard her words;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συφορβός","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when, since"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"word, message"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b17-l552","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and standing close he spoke winged words to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"formulaic 'winged words', repeated verbatim from l543 to reintroduce speech"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b17-l553","source":"ξεῖνε πάτερ, καλέει σε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"\"Stranger, father, prudent Penelope calls for you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"vocative address ξεῖνε πάτερ, 'stranger, father' — a respectful epic form of address to an elder guest"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καλέει","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of καλέει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"prudent, wise","note":"περίφρων, standing epithet for Penelope, 'circumspect/very thoughtful'"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b17-l554","source":"μήτηρ Τηλεμάχοιο· μεταλλῆσαί τί ἑ θυμὸς","translation":"the mother of Telemachus; her heart bids her ask you something","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"μεταλλῆσαί","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλεται","gloss":"to ask, inquire"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεταλλῆσαί","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μεταλλῆσαί","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλεται","gloss":"heart, spirit"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b17-l555","source":"ἀμφὶ πόσει κέλεται, καὶ κήδεά περ πεπαθυίῃ.","translation":"about her husband, sorely as she has already suffered grief.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l555.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπαθυίῃ","title":"Perfect participle, dative","body":"A perfect active participle agreeing with the dative pronoun (referring to Penelope), marking her grief as a settled, ongoing state."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"πόσει","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"κέλεται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids, urges"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, and"},{"surface":"κήδεά","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεπαθυίῃ","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though, indeed"},{"surface":"πεπαθυίῃ","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having suffered","note":"πεπαθυίῃ, perfect participle 'having endured' — she still grieves though her sorrow is past-in-effect"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b17-l556","source":"εἰ δέ κέ σε γνώῃ νημερτέα πάντʼ ἐνέποντα,","translation":"And if she finds that you tell her the whole truth without error,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of γνώῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γνώῃ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"finds, learns"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνέποντα","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐνέποντα","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"telling"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b17-l557","source":"ἕσσει σε χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, τῶν σὺ μάλιστα","translation":"she will clothe you in a cloak and tunic, the very things you","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσει","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will clothe"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἕσσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of χρηΐζεις","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of χρηΐζεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρηΐζεις","gloss":"most, especially"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b17-l558","source":"χρηΐζεις· σῖτον δὲ καὶ αἰτίζων κατὰ δῆμον","translation":"need most; and for bread, by begging through the district","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρηΐζεις","lemma":"χρῄζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"you need","note":"χρῄζεις governs a genitive of the thing needed (τῶν = 'of which')"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτίζων","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αἰτίζων","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βοσκήσεις","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the district, people"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b17-l559","source":"γαστέρα βοσκήσεις· δώσει δέ τοι ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσι.","translation":"you will feed your belly; whoever wishes will give to you.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βοσκήσεις","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"βοσκήσεις","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will feed"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δώσει","gloss":"wishes"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b17-l560","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l560.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Formulaic epithet","body":"\"Much-enduring noble Odysseus\" is a recurring metrical epithet-phrase; the noun and its epithets stand in the nominative as the subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας δῖος, standing double epithet for Odysseus, 'much-enduring noble'"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b17-l561","source":"Εὔμαιʼ, αἶψά κʼ ἐγὼ νημερτέα πάντʼ ἐνέποιμι","translation":"\"Eumaeus, I would readily tell the whole truth without error","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμαι","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus","note":"vocative of address; head noun elided, understood 'friend'"},{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνέποιμι","gloss":"readily"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέποιμι","gloss":"I","note":"emphatic subject pronoun paired with optative for 'I would'"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνέποιμι","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νημερτέα","gloss":"all, whole"},{"surface":"ἐνέποιμι","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would tell","note":"optative + ἄν = potential mood, 'I would tell'"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b17-l562","source":"κούρῃ Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ·","translation":"to the daughter of Icarius, prudent Penelope;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρονι","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"prudent","note":"epithet regularly paired with Penelope"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b17-l563","source":"οἶδα γὰρ εὖ περὶ κείνου, ὁμὴν δʼ ἀνεδέγμεθʼ ὀϊζύν.","translation":"for I know much about that man, and we have shared the same misery.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"perfect with present sense, 'I know'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ὁμὴν","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊζύν","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεδέγμεθ","lemma":"ἀναδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have shared","note":"aorist middle, 'we took upon ourselves' (mutual suffering)"},{"surface":"ὀϊζύν","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνεδέγμεθ᾽","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b17-l564","source":"ἀλλὰ μνηστήρων χαλεπῶν ὑποδείδιʼ ὅμιλον,","translation":"But I dread the throng of these hard suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of suitors"},{"surface":"χαλεπῶν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ὑποδείδι","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I dread","note":"perfect ὑποδείδω with present force, 'I fear'"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποδείδι᾽","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b17-l565","source":"τῶν ὕβρις τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει.","translation":"whose violence and outrage reach the iron heaven.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l565.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν","title":"Iron heaven","body":"Homer pictures the sky as a solid, metallic vault; the suitors' arrogance is said to strike against it, an image of limitless excess."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ὕβρις","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"outrage","note":"ὕβρις: arrogant outrage, key epic moral term"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιδήρεον","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστήρων","gloss":"reaches","note":"vivid hyperbole: their outrage 'reaches' the sky"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b17-l566","source":"καὶ γὰρ νῦν, ὅτε μʼ οὗτος ἀνὴρ κατὰ δῶμα κιόντα","translation":"For even now, when this man, as I went through the house","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"κιόντα","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going","note":"aorist participle, 'as I went' (not progressive)"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b17-l567","source":"οὔ τι κακὸν ῥέξαντα βαλὼν ὀδύνῃσιν ἔδωκεν,","translation":"doing no harm, struck me and gave me over to pain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥέξαντα","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέξαντα","gloss":"harm","note":"object of ῥέξαντα, 'doing no harm'"},{"surface":"ῥέξαντα","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"striking","note":"aorist participle, action prior to main verb ἔδωκεν"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσιν","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to pains"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"gave over","note":"idiom 'gave me to pains' = made me suffer"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b17-l568","source":"οὔτε τι Τηλέμαχος τό γʼ ἐπήρκεσεν οὔτε τις ἄλλος.","translation":"neither Telemachus nor anyone else warded it off.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπήρκεσεν","gloss":"not at all"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήρκεσεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπήρκεσεν","lemma":"ἐπαρκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b17-l569","source":"τῷ νῦν Πηνελόπειαν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄνωχθι","translation":"So now bid Penelope wait within the halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l569.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνωχθι","title":"Perfect imperative","body":"An imperative form (from a perfect with present force) commanding Eumaeus to tell Penelope to wait."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνωχθι","gloss":"therefore","note":"dative adverbial 'for this reason'"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνωχθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπειαν","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μεῖναι","gloss":"Penelope"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid","note":"perfect imperative of ἄνωγα, 'command!'"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b17-l570","source":"μεῖναι, ἐπειγομένην περ, ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα·","translation":"eager though she is, until the sun has set;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"ἐπειγομένην","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"though she is eager","note":"concessive participle with περ"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"has set"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b17-l571","source":"καὶ τότε μʼ εἰρέσθω πόσιος πέρι νόστιμον ἦμαρ,","translation":"and then let her ask me about her husband's day of return,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰρέσθω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰρέσθω","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰρέσθω","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let her ask","note":"3rd-person imperative, 'let her ask'"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of her husband"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of return"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πέρι","gloss":"the day"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b17-l572","source":"ἀσσοτέρω καθίσασα παραὶ πυρί· εἵματα γάρ τοι","translation":"seating me closer beside the fire; for the clothes I have","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσσοτέρω","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθίσασα","gloss":"closer","note":"comparative adverb, 'nearer'"},{"surface":"καθίσασα","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἰρέσθω","gloss":"seating me"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πυρί","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παραὶ","gloss":"the fire"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχω","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b17-l573","source":"λύγρʼ ἔχω· οἶσθα καὶ αὐτός, ἐπεί σε πρῶθʼ ἱκέτευσα.","translation":"are wretched. You know it yourself, since I first came to you as a suppliant.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύγρ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἔχω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know","note":"perfect with present sense, 'you know'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἱκέτευσα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῶθ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἱκέτευσα","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἱκέτευσα","lemma":"ἱκετεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"I supplicated","note":"aorist, 'I came to you as a suppliant'"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b17-l574","source":"ὣς φάτο, βῆ δὲ συφορβός, ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον ἄκουσε.","translation":"So he spoke, and the swineherd went off, once he had heard his words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"aorist middle of φημί, formulaic close of speech"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συφορβός","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b17-l575","source":"τὸν δʼ ὑπὲρ οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"And as he stepped over the threshold Penelope addressed him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οὐδοῦ","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the threshold"},{"surface":"βάντα","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stepping","note":"aorist participle, 'having stepped'"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed","note":"imperfect, formulaic speech-introduction verb"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b17-l576","source":"οὐ σύ γʼ ἄγεις, Εὔμαιε· τί τοῦτʼ ἐνόησεν\n                     ἀλήτης;","translation":"\"You are not bringing him, Eumaeus. What does the wanderer mean by this?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἄγεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄγεις","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"intend","note":"aorist, 'has he meant by this'"},{"surface":"ἀλήτης","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"the wanderer","note":"standard epic term for the disguised beggar"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b17-l577","source":"ἦ τινά που δείσας ἐξαίσιον ἦε καὶ ἄλλως","translation":"Is he afraid of someone overbearing, or is he otherwise","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δείσας","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"δείσας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦε","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"ἐξαίσιον","lemma":"ἐξαίσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δείσας","gloss":"excessive","note":"adverbial accusative of degree with δείσας, 'fearing exceedingly'"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦε","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b17-l578","source":"αἰδεῖται κατὰ δῶμα; κακὸς δʼ αἰδοῖος ἀλήτης.","translation":"ashamed to come through the house? A bashful wanderer is a bad thing.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδεῖται","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is ashamed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bad thing","note":"predicate adjective, 'is a bad thing'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖος","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτης","gloss":"bashful"},{"surface":"ἀλήτης","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wanderer"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b17-l579","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·","translation":"Then you answered her, Eumaeus the swineherd:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l579.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"Apostrophe to Eumaeus","body":"The narrator turns to address Eumaeus directly in the second person (\"you answered\"), a rare and intimate touch reserved for him. The verb is second-person."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke","note":"2nd person, narrator addressing Eumaeus directly (apostrophe)"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b17-l580","source":"μυθεῖται κατὰ μοῖραν, ἅ πέρ κʼ οἴοιτο καὶ ἄλλος,","translation":"\"He speaks fittingly, just as anyone else would think,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυθεῖται","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he speaks"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"what is fitting"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of οἴοιτο","gloss":"what things"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἴοιτο","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μυθεῖται","gloss":"think","note":"optative + ἄν, potential 'would think'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of οἴοιτο","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b17-l581","source":"ὕβριν ἀλυσκάζων ἀνδρῶν ὑπερηνορεόντων.","translation":"shunning the outrage of overbearing men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλυσκάζων","gloss":"outrage"},{"surface":"ἀλυσκάζων","lemma":"ἀλυσκάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθεῖται","gloss":"shunning"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕβριν","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"overbearing","note":"epic compound, 'arrogant, overweening'"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b17-l582","source":"ἀλλά σε μεῖναι ἄνωγεν ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα.","translation":"He bids you wait until the sun has set.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μεῖναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he bids","note":"perfect ἄνωγα, present force 'he commands'"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"has set"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b17-l583","source":"καὶ δὲ σοὶ ὧδʼ αὐτῇ πολὺ κάλλιον, ὦ βασίλεια,","translation":"And it is far better for you yourself this way, O queen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much","note":"adverbial accusative intensifying κάλλιον"},{"surface":"κάλλιον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"comparative of καλός"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"βασίλεια","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"queen","note":"vocative address, 'O queen'"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b17-l584","source":"οἴην πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδʼ ἐπακοῦσαι.","translation":"to speak a word to the stranger alone and to hear him in return.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴην","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"predicate adjective, 'alone with the stranger'"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φάσθαι","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπακοῦσαι","lemma":"ἐπακούω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to hear in turn"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b17-l585","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then prudent Penelope answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered","note":"formulaic speech-introduction verb"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"prudent","note":"stock epithet of Penelope"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b17-l586","source":"οὐκ ἄφρων ὁ ξεῖνος· ὀΐεται, ὥς περ ἂν εἴη·","translation":"\"The stranger is no fool; he guesses how things may well be.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄφρων","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ὀΐεται","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guesses"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὥς","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b17-l587","source":"οὐ γάρ πού τινες ὧδε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων","translation":"For surely there are no mortal men anywhere","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τινες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μηχανόωνται","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"καταθνητῶν","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινες","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b17-l588","source":"ἀνέρες ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωνται.","translation":"who in their insolence devise such reckless outrages.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζοντες","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μηχανόωνται","gloss":"being insolent","note":"present participle, describing manner of μηχανόωνται"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"reckless deeds"},{"surface":"μηχανόωνται","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devise"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b17-l589","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς ἀγόρευεν, ὁ δʼ ᾤχετο δῖος ὑφορβὸς","translation":"So she spoke, and the noble swineherd went off","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευεν","gloss":"thus","note":"ὣς...ὡς is the standard formula closing direct speech: 'so she spoke'"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευεν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was speaking"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went off","note":"οἴχομαι + imperfect: departed, was on his way"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβὸς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος ὑφορβός is a fixed epic epithet-noun pair for Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ὑφορβὸς","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b17-l590","source":"μνηστήρων ἐς ὅμιλον, ἐπεὶ διεπέφραδε πάντα.","translation":"into the throng of suitors, since he had told her everything.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"διεπέφραδε","lemma":"διαφράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had told","note":"pluperfect-like force of the aorist: he had already related everything"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διεπέφραδε","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b17-l591","source":"αἶψα δὲ Τηλέμαχον ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα,","translation":"At once he spoke winged words to Telemachus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words', a stock Homeric formula introducing speech"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b17-l592","source":"ἄγχι σχὼν κεφαλήν, ἵνα μὴ πευθοίαθʼ οἱ ἄλλοι·","translation":"holding his head close, so that the others would not overhear:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l592.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνα μὴ πευθοίαθʼ","title":"Purpose clause with optative","body":"A negative purpose clause (\"so that they would not learn\") using the optative after a past-tense main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχὼν","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"σχὼν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"holding","note":"aorist participle σχών (from ἔχω) describing the manner of speaking, leaning his head close"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχὼν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πευθοίαθ","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"would overhear","note":"optative πευθοίαθ᾽ after ἵνα μή expresses purpose in secondary sequence"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πευθοίαθ᾽","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b17-l593","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐγὼ μὲν ἄπειμι, σύας καὶ κεῖνα\n                     φυλάξων,","translation":"\"Dear friend, I am going off to guard the pigs and those things out there,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"vocative φίλ᾽ (elided φίλε) with implied noun, an affectionate address"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄπειμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄπειμι","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am going off"},{"surface":"σύας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεῖνα","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"φυλάξων","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄπειμι","gloss":"to guard","note":"future participle φυλάξων expresses purpose, 'in order to guard'"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b17-l594","source":"σὸν καὶ ἐμὸν βίοτον· σοὶ δʼ ἐνθάδε πάντα μελόντων.","translation":"your livelihood and mine; you take charge of everything here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μελόντων","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελόντων","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be a care","note":"3rd-plural imperative μελόντων agrees with the neuter plural subject πάντα: 'let all things be a concern [to you]'"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b17-l595","source":"αὐτὸν μέν σε πρῶτα σάω, καὶ φράζεο θυμῷ","translation":"First of all keep yourself safe, and take care in your heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of σάω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σάω","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"σάω","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep safe","note":"epic middle imperative σάω (for σῴζου) — save/protect yourself"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take care"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φράζεο","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b17-l596","source":"μή τι πάθῃς· πολλοὶ δὲ κακὰ φρονέουσιν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"that no harm comes to you; many of the Achaeans plot evil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθῃς","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάθῃς","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"you suffer","note":"aorist subjunctive after μή expressing a fear/purpose clause, 'lest you suffer harm'"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φρονέουσιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέουσιν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"φρονέουσιν","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are plotting"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολλοὶ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b17-l597","source":"τοὺς Ζεὺς ἐξολέσειε πρὶν ἡμῖν πῆμα γενέσθαι.","translation":"whom may Zeus destroy before disaster comes upon us.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l597.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξολέσειε","title":"Optative of wish","body":"The aorist optative expresses a wish or prayer: \"may Zeus destroy them.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξολέσειε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξολέσειε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐξολέσειε","lemma":"ἐξόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πολλοὶ","gloss":"may destroy","note":"optative of wish, ἐξολέσειε — 'may Zeus destroy them'"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of γενέσθαι","gloss":"upon us"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"disaster"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"comes","note":"aorist infinitive γενέσθαι after πρίν, 'before disaster comes to be'"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b17-l598","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense,' a recurring epithet for Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b17-l599","source":"ἔσσεται οὕτως, ἄττα· σὺ δʼ ἔρχεο δειελιήσας·","translation":"\"So it shall be, old friend; but go now, after your evening meal;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄττα","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old friend","note":"ἄττα, an affectionate term (like 'papa/daddy') used for an older trusted man"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"δειελιήσας","lemma":"δειελιάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεο","gloss":"after dining","note":"δειελιήσας, aorist participle from δειελιάω, 'having taken the evening meal'"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b17-l600","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ ἰέναι καὶ ἄγειν ἱερήϊα καλά·","translation":"and at dawn come and bring fine victims for sacrifice;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"ἱερήϊα","lemma":"ἱερεῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγειν","gloss":"victims","note":"ἱερήϊα, animals for sacrifice"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱερήϊα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b17-l601","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τάδε πάντα καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μελήσει.","translation":"all these things will be the care of me and the immortals.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μελήσει","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"μελήσει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a care","note":"μελήσει (future) agrees with the plural subject τάδε πάντα: 'these things will be a concern to me and the immortals'"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b17-l602","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ αὖτις ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐϋξέστου ἐπὶ\n                  δίφρου,","translation":"So he spoke, and the other sat down again on the well-polished stool,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστου","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"stool","note":"δίφρου, a stool/chair; ἐϋξέστου ἐπὶ δίφρου is a formulaic phrase for fine seating"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b17-l603","source":"πλησάμενος δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος","translation":"and when he had filled his heart with food and drink","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησάμενος","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"having filled","note":"aorist middle participle, 'having filled his own heart/appetite'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πλησάμενος","gloss":"heart/appetite"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποτῆτος","lemma":"ποτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of drink"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b17-l604","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεναι μεθʼ ὕας, λίπε δʼ ἕρκεά τε μέγαρόν τε,","translation":"he set off to go back to the pigs, leaving the courtyard and the hall","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"βῆ + infinitive ἴμεναι, an epic idiom meaning 'set out to go'"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὕας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεθ᾽","gloss":"the pigs"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρκεά","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγαρόν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs the two nouns, 'both the courtyard and the hall'"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b17-l605","source":"πλεῖον δαιτυμόνων· οἱ δʼ ὀρχηστυῖ καὶ ἀοιδῇ","translation":"full of feasters; and they were taking their delight in dancing and song,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλεῖον","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"δαιτυμόνων","lemma":"δαιτυμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πλεῖον","gloss":"of feasters"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέρποντ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστυῖ","lemma":"ὀρχηστύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in dancing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῇ","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in song","note":"dative of respect with an implied τέρποντ᾽, 'delighting in dance and song'"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b17-l606","source":"τέρποντʼ· ἤδη γὰρ καὶ ἐπήλυθε δείελον ἦμαρ.","translation":"for by now the evening hour of day had come on.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b17-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρποντ","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were enjoying themselves"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come on"},{"surface":"δείελον","lemma":"δείελος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"hour of day"}]}]}