{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":18,"id":"book-18","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ιη","translated":"Book 18 — The Boxing Match with Irus; Penelope Before the Suitors"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"The beggar Irus picks a fight and Odysseus fells him with one blow. Penelope comes down and draws gifts from the suitors.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18","lines":428},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b18-l1","source":"ἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ πτωχὸς πανδήμιος, ὃς κατὰ ἄστυ","translation":"Then a common beggar came up, one who used to go begging through the town","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"enclitic 'and/but', postpositive—never stands first in its clause."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"πτωχὸς","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"πανδήμιος","lemma":"πανδήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχὸς","gloss":"common/public","note":"'of the whole people'—describes a beggar known to everyone in town; not a recurring Homeric formula (this exact phrase appears only here)."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the town"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b18-l2","source":"πτωχεύεσκʼ Ἰθάκης, μετὰ δʼ ἔπρεπε γαστέρι μάργῃ","translation":"all over Ithaca, and was known for his greedy belly,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γαστέρι μάργῃ","title":"ravenous belly","body":"The phrase 'greedy belly' (gaster marge) marks him as a glutton; the belly is a recurring image in this book for base appetite."}],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχεύεσκ","lemma":"πτωχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"used to beg","note":"-εσκ- is the Homeric iterative suffix: 'used to beg' habitually."},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also/notably"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπρεπε","lemma":"πρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was known for"},{"surface":"γαστέρι","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπρεπε","gloss":"in belly"},{"surface":"μάργῃ","lemma":"μάργος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρι","gloss":"greedy"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b18-l3","source":"ἀζηχὲς φαγέμεν καὶ πιέμεν· οὐδέ οἱ ἦν ἲς","translation":"eating and drinking without end. He had no force in him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀζηχὲς","lemma":"ἀζηχής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"without end","note":"adverbial neuter accusative used adverbially: 'unceasingly'."},{"surface":"φαγέμεν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πιέμεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had","note":"impersonal 'was to him' = 'he had'."},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b18-l4","source":"οὐδὲ βίη, εἶδος δὲ μάλα μέγας ἦν ὁράασθαι.","translation":"no strength, though in build he was very big to look at.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"in build","note":"accusative of respect: 'big *in* build'."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ὁράασθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies μέγας","gloss":"to look at"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b18-l5","source":"Ἀρναῖος δʼ ὄνομʼ ἔσκε· τὸ γὰρ θέτο πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"Arnaeus was his name, for so his honored mother had set it on him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρναῖος","lemma":"Ἀρναῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Arnaeus","note":"his birth name, later nicknamed Irus (see l6)."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had set","note":"aorist of τίθημι: the mother 'placed/gave' the name."},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θέτο","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b18-l6","source":"ἐκ γενετῆς· Ἶρον δὲ νέοι κίκλησκον ἅπαντες,","translation":"from birth; but all the young men called him Irus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γενετῆς","lemma":"γενετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"Ἶρον","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of κίκλησκον","gloss":"Irus","note":"nickname from Iris, messenger goddess—mocking his errand-running (see l7)."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κίκλησκον","gloss":"the young men"},{"surface":"κίκλησκον","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέοι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b18-l7","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἀπαγγέλλεσκε κιών, ὅτε πού τις ἀνώγοι·","translation":"because he would go and carry messages whenever anyone bid him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἀπαγγέλλεσκε","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ᾽","gloss":"would carry messages","note":"iterative imperfect: habitual action, 'used to relay messages'."},{"surface":"κιών","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπαγγέλλεσκε","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνώγοι","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνώγοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀνώγοι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτε","gloss":"might bid","note":"optative in a general temporal clause: repeated hypothetical occasions."}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b18-l8","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐλθὼν Ὀδυσῆα διώκετο οἷο δόμοιο,","translation":"He came and tried to drive Odysseus from his own house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διώκετο","gloss":"coming","note":"aorist participle marking the prior action: 'having come'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διώκετο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"διώκετο","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"tried to drive out","note":"conative imperfect: the attempted, not completed, action."},{"surface":"οἷο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοιο","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δόμοιο","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διώκετο","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b18-l9","source":"καί μιν νεικείων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and, quarreling with him, spoke winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα","title":"winged words formula","body":"A standard Homeric speech-introduction formula, repeated across the poems. The epithet 'winged' pictures words flying from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"νεικείων","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"quarreling with"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words","note":"'winged words'—the epic formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b18-l10","source":"εἶκε, γέρον, προθύρου, μὴ δὴ τάχα καὶ ποδὸς\n                     ἕλκῃ.","translation":"\"Out of the doorway, old man, or soon you will be dragged out by the foot!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶκε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"get out of","note":"imperative: a curt command to move aside."},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"προθύρου","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶκε","gloss":"the doorway"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκῃ","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλκῃ","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"ἕλκῃ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"you'll be dragged"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b18-l11","source":"οὐκ ἀΐεις ὅτι δή μοι ἐπιλλίζουσιν ἅπαντες,","translation":"Do you not notice that they are all winking at me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀΐεις","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you notice"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"ἐπιλλίζουσιν","lemma":"ἐπιλλίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"are winking","note":"secret signals urging Irus to remove the old beggar—social pressure/mockery."},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b18-l12","source":"ἑλκέμεναι δὲ κέλονται; ἐγὼ δʼ αἰσχύνομαι ἔμπης.","translation":"and urging me to drag you out? Still, I am ashamed to.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑλκέμεναι","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλονται","gloss":"to drag out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλονται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"they urge"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αἰσχύνομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰσχύνομαι","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am ashamed"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰσχύνομαι","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b18-l13","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄνα, μὴ τάχα νῶϊν ἔρις καὶ χερσὶ γένηται.","translation":"Come, get up, before our quarrel comes to blows.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄνα","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"get up","note":"apocopated imperative ἀνά(στηθι): 'rise up!'"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for us two","note":"dual number: refers just to Irus and the beggar."},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and even"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of γένηται","gloss":"to fists"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b18-l14","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then, with a dark look at him, resourceful Odysseus answered:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών","title":"with a dark look","body":"An aorist participle of glaring used to introduce angry replies. 'Looking from under (his brows)' conveys a fierce scowl."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"with a scowl","note":"adverb describing a dark, threatening look."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"having looked"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b18-l15","source":"δαιμόνιʼ, οὔτε τί σε ῥέζω κακὸν οὔτʼ ἀγορεύω,","translation":"\"Strange man, I do you no harm and say nothing against you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμόνι","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strange one","note":"address expressing surprise/rebuke, roughly 'you strange man'."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ῥέζω","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do","note":"present tense: ongoing, habitual—'I am not doing you harm'."},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τί","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak against"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b18-l16","source":"οὔτε τινὰ φθονέω δόμεναι καὶ πόλλʼ ἀνελόντα.","translation":"nor do I grudge anyone who gives to you, even taking much.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τινὰ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δόμεναι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"φθονέω","lemma":"φθονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grudge"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φθονέω","gloss":"giving","note":"aorist infinitive: the single act of giving."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνελόντα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἀνελόντα","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b18-l17","source":"οὐδὸς δʼ ἀμφοτέρους ὅδε χείσεται, οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ","translation":"This threshold will hold us both, and there is no need for you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδὸς","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χείσεται","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρους","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of χείσεται","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οὐδὸς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"χείσεται","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold","note":"future of χανδάνω 'to contain/hold'—there is room for both."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φθονέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b18-l18","source":"ἀλλοτρίων φθονέειν· δοκέεις δέ μοι εἶναι ἀλήτης","translation":"to grudge me what is another's. You seem to me to be a vagrant","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίων","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φθονέειν","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"φθονέειν","lemma":"φθονέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to grudge"},{"surface":"δοκέεις","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you seem"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλήτης","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a wanderer"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b18-l19","source":"ὥς περ ἐγών, ὄλβον δὲ θεοὶ μέλλουσιν ὀπάζειν.","translation":"just as I am, and the gods will see to giving us fortune.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just as","note":"introduces a comparison: 'just as I (am a wanderer)'."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὄλβον","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀπάζειν","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μέλλουσιν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μέλλουσιν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"intend to","note":"μέλλω + infinitive: future intention, 'are going to'."},{"surface":"ὀπάζειν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλουσιν","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b18-l20","source":"χερσὶ δὲ μή τι λίην προκαλίζεο, μή με χολώσῃς,","translation":"But do not challenge me too much with your fists, or you will anger me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προκαλίζεο","gloss":"with fists","note":"instrumental dative—means by which Irus might challenge him."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προκαλίζεο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προκαλίζεο","gloss":"too much"},{"surface":"προκαλίζεο","lemma":"προκαλίζομαι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenge"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χολώσῃς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χολώσῃς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"you anger"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b18-l21","source":"μή σε γέρων περ ἐὼν στῆθος καὶ χείλεα φύρσω","translation":"old as I am, and I will smear your chest and lips","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φύρσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"old man","note":"concessive: 'though I am an old man'—Odysseus disguised, ironic understatement."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φύρσω","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χείλεα","lemma":"χεῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"φύρσω","lemma":"φύρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"I smear"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b18-l22","source":"αἵματος· ἡσυχίη δʼ ἂν ἐμοὶ καὶ μᾶλλον ἔτʼ εἴη","translation":"with blood. Then I would have far more peace","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύρσω","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"ἡσυχίη","lemma":"ἡσυχία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be","note":"potential optative with ἄν: expresses a hypothetical result, 'there would be...'—not a politeness marker."}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b18-l23","source":"αὔριον· οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σʼ ὑποστρέψεσθαι ὀΐω","translation":"tomorrow, for I do not think you would come back","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔριον","lemma":"αὔριον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὑποστρέψεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὑποστρέψεσθαι","lemma":"ὑποστρέφω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"would return","note":"future infinitive after 'I think'—Odysseus predicts Irus won't dare come back."},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b18-l24","source":"δεύτερον ἐς μέγαρον Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"a second time to the hall of Odysseus, son of Laertes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑποστρέψεσθαι","gloss":"a second time"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδεω","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"son of Laertes","note":"patronymic: Odysseus identified by his father's name."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέγαρον","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b18-l25","source":"τὸν δὲ χολωσάμενος προσεφώνεεν Ἶρος ἀλήτης·","translation":"Then, in anger, Irus the vagrant said to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χολωσάμενος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said to"},{"surface":"Ἶρος","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Irus"},{"surface":"ἀλήτης","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἶρος","gloss":"the vagrant"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b18-l26","source":"ὢ πόποι, ὡς ὁ μολοβρὸς ἐπιτροχάδην ἀγορεύει,","translation":"\"Look how the glutton runs on, gabbling fast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh","note":"exclamation of astonishment/outrage."},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my word","note":"paired exclamation ὢ πόποι, a stock cry of indignation."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύει","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies μολοβρὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μολοβρὸς","lemma":"μολοβρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύει","gloss":"glutton","note":"mocking noun for a greedy, low beggar—Irus insults the disguised Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἐπιτροχάδην","lemma":"ἐπιτροχάδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύει","gloss":"glibly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύει","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"talks"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b18-l27","source":"γρηῒ καμινοῖ ἶσος· ὃν ἂν κακὰ μητισαίμην","translation":"like an old woman at her oven! I could plan him some harm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γρηῒ","lemma":"γραῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἶσος","gloss":"an old woman"},{"surface":"καμινοῖ","lemma":"καμινώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γρηῒ","gloss":"at the oven","note":"dative names: 'old-woman-at-the-oven'—a vivid mocking simile for rapid chatter."},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μητισαίμην","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μητισαίμην","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"μητισαίμην","lemma":"μητίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I could plan","note":"optative expressing a wish/potential: 'I could scheme harm against him'."}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b18-l28","source":"κόπτων ἀμφοτέρῃσι, χαμαὶ δέ κε πάντας ὀδόντας","translation":"striking with both fists, and knock all the teeth","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόπτων","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μητισαίμην","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with both fists"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξελάσαιμι","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"potential particle κε with optative (implied verb): 'I would knock out'."},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀδόντας","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαιμι","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b18-l29","source":"γναθμῶν ἐξελάσαιμι συὸς ὣς ληϊβοτείρης.","translation":"out of his jaws to the ground, like a pig caught in the corn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γναθμῶν","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαιμι","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσαιμι","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would drive out","note":"Aorist optative here expresses a wish/potential ('I could knock out'), not a real past event."},{"surface":"συὸς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"of a pig"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ληϊβοτείρης","lemma":"ληιβοτήρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies συὸς","gloss":"corn-raiding","note":"Rare epic compound (grain+ravaging) coined for pig-imagery; not everyday vocabulary."}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b18-l30","source":"ζῶσαι νῦν, ἵνα πάντες ἐπιγνώωσι καὶ οἵδε","translation":"Gird yourself now, so all these men too may know us","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζῶσαι","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gird yourself","note":"Middle-sense aorist imperative: 'belt yourself for the fight,' not 'girdle someone else.'"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζῶσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἵδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπιγνώωσι","lemma":"ἐπιγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may recognize","note":"Uncontracted epic subjunctive ἐπιγνώωσι (for ἐπιγνῶσι) keeps the extra syllable for the meter."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιγνώωσι","gloss":"these men"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b18-l31","source":"μαρναμένους· πῶς δʼ ἂν σὺ νεωτέρῳ ἀνδρὶ μάχοιο;","translation":"as we fight. But how could you stand against a younger man?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρναμένους","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἐπιγνώωσι","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχοιο","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"ἂν with the optative μάχοιο marks a hypothetical: 'how could you possibly...'"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοιο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νεωτέρῳ","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχοιο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μάχοιο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could you fight"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b18-l32","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν προπάροιθε θυράων ὑψηλάων","translation":"So before the lofty doors the two of them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀκριόωντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀκριόωντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(marks contrast)"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"ὑψηλάων","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυράων","gloss":"lofty","note":"Genitive plural ending -άων is the epic/Ionic form (for -ῶν), common in Homeric formulas."}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b18-l33","source":"οὐδοῦ ἔπι ξεστοῦ πανθυμαδὸν ὀκριόωντο.","translation":"raged with all their hearts on the polished threshold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδοῦ","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on","note":"ἔπι stands for ἐπί with accent shifted back (anastrophe) because it follows its noun."},{"surface":"ξεστοῦ","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδοῦ","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"πανθυμαδὸν","lemma":"πανθυμαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀκριόωντο","gloss":"with all their spirit"},{"surface":"ὀκριόωντο","lemma":"ὀκριάομαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they raged"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b18-l34","source":"τοῖϊν δὲ ξυνέηχʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἀντινόοιο,","translation":"The sacred strength of Antinous heard the two of them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱερὸν μένος Ἀντινόοιο","title":"'sacred strength of Antinous'","body":"A periphrasis: 'the sacred strength of Antinous' simply means Antinous himself. Such reverential paraphrases for a person are common in epic."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖϊν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξυνέηχ᾽","gloss":"the two of them","note":"Dual pronoun form (τοῖϊν) marking Odysseus and Irus as a pair, not plural."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξυνέηχ","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard","note":"ξυνέηχ᾽ (from συνίημι) elides its final vowel before the following vowel."},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"strength","note":"'μένος Ἀντινόοιο' = 'the might of Antinous,' a periphrasis standing for 'mighty Antinous.'"},{"surface":"Ἀντινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Antinous"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b18-l35","source":"ἡδὺ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐκγελάσας μετεφώνει μνηστήρεσσιν·","translation":"and laughing with delight he spoke out among the suitors:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκγελάσας","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκγελάσας","lemma":"ἐκγελάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεφώνει","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"μετεφώνει","lemma":"μεταφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke out"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετεφώνει","gloss":"to the suitors"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b18-l36","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὐ μέν πώ τι πάρος τοιοῦτον ἐτύχθη,","translation":"\"Friends, never before has such a thing happened,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends","note":"Vocative with no expressed noun head - a bare exclamatory address, common in Homeric speeches."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(emphatic particle)"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has happened"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b18-l37","source":"οἵην τερπωλὴν θεὸς ἤγαγεν ἐς τόδε δῶμα.","translation":"such sport as a god has brought into this house!","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵην","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τερπωλὴν","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"τερπωλὴν","lemma":"τερπωλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"sport"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"has brought"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b18-l38","source":"ὁ ξεῖνός τε καὶ Ἶρος ἐρίζετον ἀλλήλοιϊν","translation":"The stranger and Irus are challenging each other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνός","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνός","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(links pair)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἶρος","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Irus"},{"surface":"ἐρίζετον","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are quarreling","note":"Dual verb form ἐρίζετον agrees with the two rivals (stranger + Irus) as a pair, not a plural group."},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοιϊν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρίζετον","gloss":"with each other"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b18-l39","source":"χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι· ἀλλὰ ξυνελάσσομεν ὦκα.","translation":"to fight with fists. Come, let us match them quickly!\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μαχέσσασθαι","gloss":"with fists"},{"surface":"μαχέσσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐρίζετον","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ξυνελάσσομεν","lemma":"συνελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us match them"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξυνελάσσομεν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b18-l40","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀνήϊξαν γελόωντες,","translation":"So he spoke, and they all sprang up laughing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνήϊξαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνήϊξαν","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"γελόωντες","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνήϊξαν","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b18-l41","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα πτωχοὺς κακοείμονας ἠγερέθοντο.","translation":"and gathered around the two ragged beggars.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around","note":"ἀμφὶ...πτωχούς is a split preposition-object (tmesis-like word order) typical of Homeric verse."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πτωχοὺς","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the beggars"},{"surface":"κακοείμονας","lemma":"κακοείμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχοὺς","gloss":"raggedly clad"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b18-l42","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, spoke among them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b18-l43","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες, ὄφρα τι\n                     εἴπω.","translation":"\"Listen to me, proud suitors, while I say something.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen","note":"κέκλυτε is a reduplicated root-aorist imperative of κλύω, not a perfect (the fixed morphology tags it as aorist active imperative) — a common Homeric formula opening a speech with 'hear!'"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may say"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b18-l44","source":"γαστέρες αἵδʼ αἰγῶν κέατʼ ἐν πυρί, τὰς ἐπὶ δόρπῳ","translation":"These goats' paunches lie at the fire, which for supper","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαστέρες","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κέατ᾽","gloss":"paunches"},{"surface":"αἵδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γαστέρες","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαστέρες","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"κέατ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρί","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the fire"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατθέμεθα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δόρπῳ","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"supper"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b18-l45","source":"κατθέμεθα κνίσης τε καὶ αἵματος ἐμπλήσαντες·","translation":"we set aside, having filled them with fat and blood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κατθέμεθα","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαστέρες","gloss":"we set aside"},{"surface":"κνίσης","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with fat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἐμπλήσαντες","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατθέμεθα","gloss":"having filled"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b18-l46","source":"ὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται,","translation":"Whichever of the two wins and proves himself the better,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ","title":"future condition with subjunctive","body":"The relative 'whichever' with the particle ke and the aorist subjunctive sets up a future open condition: whoever should win."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότερος","lemma":"ὁπότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"κε (epic form of ἄν) with subjunctive νικήσῃ marks a future-more-vivid 'whoever wins.'"},{"surface":"νικήσῃ","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"wins"},{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the stronger"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"proves himself"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b18-l47","source":"τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀναστὰς αὐτὸς ἑλέσθω·","translation":"let him stand up and take for himself whichever of these he wants;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥν","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἑλέσθω","gloss":"he wants"},{"surface":"ἀναστὰς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλέσθω","gloss":"standing up"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθω","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him take","note":"Middle imperative ἑλέσθω: 'take for himself,' underscoring the winner picks a paunch as his own prize."}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b18-l48","source":"αἰεὶ αὖθʼ ἡμῖν μεταδαίσεται, οὐδέ τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"and always afterward he will feast with us, and we will not let","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεταδαίσεται","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεταδαίσεται","gloss":"with us"},{"surface":"μεταδαίσεται","lemma":"μεταδαίνυμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will feast","note":"Future middle μεταδαίσεται: he will share the feast as his own privilege, won by the fight."},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πτωχὸν","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτωχὸν","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b18-l49","source":"πτωχὸν ἔσω μίσγεσθαι ἐάσομεν αἰτήσοντα.","translation":"any other beggar come in among us to ask for alms.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίσγεσθαι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"to mingle"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will allow"},{"surface":"αἰτήσοντα","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to beg","note":"Future participle αἰτήσοντα ('going to beg') expresses purpose: the beggar coming in order to ask for alms."}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b18-l50","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος.","translation":"So spoke Antinous, and the saying pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"the saying"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b18-l51","source":"τοῖς δὲ δολοφρονέων μετέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then, with cunning intent, resourceful Odysseus spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l51.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δολοφρονέων","title":"scheming participle","body":"A present participle, 'plotting in his mind,' marks Odysseus' speech as a deliberate ploy even as he plays the humble beggar."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δολοφρονέων","lemma":"δολοφρονέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέφη","gloss":"scheming","note":"δολοφρονέων 'thinking tricks' foreshadows Odysseus's hidden plan beneath his innocent-sounding speech."},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"Stock epithet 'of many wiles/counsels,' Odysseus's signature epic formula."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b18-l52","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὔ πως ἔστι νεωτέρῳ ἀνδρὶ μάχεσθαι","translation":"\"Friends, there is no way for an old man worn down by hardship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"νεωτέρῳ","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b18-l53","source":"ἄνδρα γέροντα, δύῃ ἀρημένον· ἀλλά με γαστὴρ","translation":"to fight a younger one. But my belly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"δύῃ","lemma":"δύη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρημένον","gloss":"by hardship"},{"surface":"ἀρημένον","lemma":"ἀράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"worn down","note":"Perfect passive participle ἀρημένον: a state resulting from long suffering, 'worn out.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γαστὴρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"belly","note":"Odysseus's disguise-speech blames his 'belly' as the driving force, a humbling comic touch."}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b18-l54","source":"ὀτρύνει κακοεργός, ἵνα πληγῇσι δαμείω.","translation":"doer of mischief, drives me on, to be beaten down with blows.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives on"},{"surface":"κακοεργός","lemma":"κακοῦργος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστὴρ","gloss":"mischief-making"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πληγῇσι","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δαμείω","gloss":"with blows"},{"surface":"δαμείω","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"I may be beaten down","note":"Aorist passive subjunctive δαμείω, epic 1st-singular form of δαμάζω 'to be subdued.'"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b18-l55","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν μοι πάντες ὀμόσσατε καρτερὸν ὅρκον,","translation":"But come now, all of you swear me a strong oath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀμόσσατε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀμόσσατε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀμόσσατε","gloss":"all of you"},{"surface":"ὀμόσσατε","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear","note":"ὀμόσσατε is the epic aorist imperative of ὄμνυμι with a geminated -σσ-, the regular epic/dialectal spelling of ὀμόσαι — the doubled sigma is a metrical/orthographic feature, not an 'intensive' sense."},{"surface":"καρτερὸν","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"oath"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b18-l56","source":"μή τις ἐπʼ Ἴρῳ ἦρα φέρων ἐμὲ χειρὶ βαρείῃ","translation":"that none of you, favoring Irus, will strike me with a heavy hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of με","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on behalf of"},{"surface":"Ἴρῳ","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"Irus"},{"surface":"ἦρα","lemma":"ἤρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"favor","note":"ἦρα φέρων is an idiom, 'bringing favor to,' i.e. 'currying favor with' Irus."},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλήξῃ","gloss":"showing"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλήξῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πλήξῃ","gloss":"with a hand"},{"surface":"βαρείῃ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b18-l57","source":"πλήξῃ ἀτασθάλλων, τούτῳ δέ με ἶφι δαμάσσῃ.","translation":"in recklessness, and beat me down by force for his sake.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλήξῃ","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"strikes","note":"Aor. subj. with δαμάσσῃ in a general 'whoever hits me' clause."},{"surface":"ἀτασθάλλων","lemma":"ἀτασθάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλήξῃ","gloss":"acting recklessly"},{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of δαμάσσῃ","gloss":"for this one"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμάσσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμάσσῃ","gloss":"by force","note":"ἶφι is an old instrumental adverb 'by might', frozen from a lost noun case."},{"surface":"δαμάσσῃ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"overpowers"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b18-l58","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀπώμνυον ὡς\n                  ἐκέλευεν.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all swore as he bid them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἔφατ᾽ formula: imperfect middle of φημί, the standard epic 'so he said' tag closing a speech."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπώμνυον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀπώμνυον","lemma":"ἀπόμνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώμνυον","gloss":"he bade"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b18-l59","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ὄμοσάν τε τελεύτησάν τε τὸν ὅρκον,","translation":"But when they had sworn and finished the oath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὄμοσάν","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"they swore"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τελεύτησάν","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τελεύτησάν","gloss":"oath","note":"τελευτάω τὸν ὅρκον, 'complete the oath' — a formulaic pairing of swearing and completing an oath ritual."}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b18-l60","source":"τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο·","translation":"the sacred strength of Telemachus again spoke among them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μετέειφ","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"strength/might"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Telemachus","note":"ἱερὴ ἲς + genitive name is a Homeric periphrasis, 'sacred strength of X' standing for 'X himself'."}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b18-l61","source":"ξεῖνʼ, εἴ σʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","translation":"\"Stranger, if your heart and proud spirit urge you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλέξασθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud/manly","note":"ἀγήνωρ, a stock epithet for spirited θυμός, built from ἀγα- 'very' + ἀνήρ 'man'."}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b18-l62","source":"τοῦτον ἀλέξασθαι, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων μή τινʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"to fend off this man, fear none of the other Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀλέξασθαι","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἀλέξασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"to fend off"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δείδιθ᾽","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b18-l63","source":"δείδιθʼ, ἐπεὶ πλεόνεσσι μαχήσεται ὅς κέ σε θείνῃ·","translation":"since whoever strikes you will have to fight more than one.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδιθ","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fear","note":"δείδιθ᾽ is perfect in form but present in force ('be afraid'), a common Homeric perfect-as-present."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσι","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural comparative adjective","role":"object of μαχήσεται","gloss":"more men"},{"surface":"μαχήσεται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θείνῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever (indef.)"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of θείνῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θείνῃ","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of μαχήσεται","gloss":"strikes"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b18-l64","source":"ξεινοδόκος μὲν ἐγών, ἐπὶ δʼ αἰνεῖτον βασιλῆες,","translation":"I am your host, and the princes approve as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεινοδόκος","lemma":"ξενοδόκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνεῖτον","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approve","note":"αἰνεῖτον is a dual verb form — Antinous and Eurymachus are treated as a pair, standard Homeric dual usage."},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the princes"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b18-l65","source":"Ἀντίνοός τε καὶ Εὐρύμαχος, πεπνυμένω ἄμφω.","translation":"Antinous and Eurymachus, both men of sense.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοός","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένω","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"sensible/prudent"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"both","note":"dual adjective ἄμφω 'both' agrees with the dual participle πεπνυμένω, matching the paired subjects."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b18-l66","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνεον· αὐτὰρ\n                  Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"So he spoke, and they all assented. Then Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῄνεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνεον","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"assented"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζώσατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b18-l67","source":"ζώσατο μὲν ῥάκεσιν περὶ μήδεα, φαῖνε δὲ μηροὺς","translation":"girded his rags about his loins, and showed his thighs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώσατο","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"girded himself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥάκεσιν","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ζώσατο","gloss":"with rags"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"loins"},{"surface":"φαῖνε","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηροὺς","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φαῖνε","gloss":"thighs"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b18-l68","source":"καλούς τε μεγάλους τε, φάνεν δέ οἱ εὐρέες ὦμοι","translation":"fine and great, and his broad shoulders came into view,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλούς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλους","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάνεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared","note":"φάνεν, aorist passive of φαίνω — same verb as φαῖνε above but passive: the shoulders 'were revealed'."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"εὐρέες","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμοι","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ὦμοι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b18-l69","source":"στήθεά τε στιβαροί τε βραχίονες· αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη","translation":"his chest and sturdy arms. And Athena,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεά","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαροί","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βραχίονες","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βραχίονες","lemma":"βραχίων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλδανε","gloss":"Athena","note":"τε...τε...τε chains ('and...and...and') pile up body parts in a rapid catalog, typical epic listing style."}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b18-l70","source":"ἄγχι παρισταμένη μέλεʼ ἤλδανε ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"standing close beside, filled out the limbs of the shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l70.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιμένι λαῶν","title":"'shepherd of the people'","body":"A formulaic epithet for a king or leader, here for Odysseus. The dative goes with the verb 'made greater for him.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρισταμένη","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλδανε","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"μέλε","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤλδανε","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἤλδανε","lemma":"ἀλδαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made grow","note":"ἀλδαίνω 'make swell/grow' — divine augmentation motif, Athena physically enlarging Odysseus before the fight."},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλδανε","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people","note":"ποιμένι λαῶν, 'shepherd of the people(s)', a classic Homeric epithet for a leader/king."}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b18-l71","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὑπερφιάλως ἀγάσαντο·","translation":"Then all the suitors were astonished beyond measure,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάσαντο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγάσαντο","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"ἀγάσαντο","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were amazed"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b18-l72","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·","translation":"and one would look at his neighbor and say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"εἴπεσκεν has the iterative -σκ- suffix, marking repeated action: 'would say (again and again)'."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b18-l73","source":"ἦ τάχα Ἶρος Ἄϊρος ἐπίσπαστον κακὸν ἕξει,","translation":"\"Soon Irus, un-Irused, will have the trouble he brought on himself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l73.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἶρος Ἄϊρος","title":"wordplay 'Irus un-Irus'","body":"A pun: Iros Airos, 'Irus no-longer-Irus,' jokes that the beggar is about to lose the very name and standing he flaunted."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕξει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"Ἶρος","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕξει","gloss":"Irus"},{"surface":"Ἄϊρος","lemma":"ἄιρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"un-Irus","note":"Ἄϊρος is a mocking coinage, alpha-privative on the beggar's name Ἶρος, meaning 'un-Irus/no-longer-Irus'."},{"surface":"ἐπίσπαστον","lemma":"ἐπισπαστός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"self-invited"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕξει","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ἕξει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will have"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b18-l74","source":"οἵην ἐκ ῥακέων ὁ γέρων ἐπιγουνίδα φαίνει.","translation":"such a thigh the old man shows from under his rags!\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵην","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιγουνίδα","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ῥακέων","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φαίνει","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐπιγουνίδα","lemma":"ἐπιγουνίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φαίνει","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"φαίνει","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἕξει","gloss":"shows"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b18-l75","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, Ἴρῳ δὲ κακῶς ὠρίνετο θυμός.","translation":"So they spoke, and Irus' spirit was badly shaken.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"Ἴρῳ","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὠρίνετο","gloss":"for Irus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠρίνετο","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"ὠρίνετο","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stirred"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠρίνετο","gloss":"spirit","note":"θυμός ὠρίνετο, 'the spirit was stirred', a stock formula for sudden fear or emotion."}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b18-l76","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὣς δρηστῆρες ἄγον ζώσαντες ἀνάγκῃ","translation":"But even so the servants girded him and led him on by force,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δρηστῆρες","lemma":"δρηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγον","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ζώσαντες","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"girding"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b18-l77","source":"δειδιότα· σάρκες δὲ περιτρομέοντο μέλεσσιν.","translation":"terrified; the flesh quivered on his limbs.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δειδιότα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"terrified","note":"δειδιότα, perfect participle of δείδω 'to fear' — same stem as δείδιθ᾽ above, showing the perfect-stem paradigm of this verb."},{"surface":"σάρκες","lemma":"σάρξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of περιτρομέοντο","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιτρομέοντο","lemma":"περιτρομέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembled all over"},{"surface":"μέλεσσιν","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περιτρομέοντο","gloss":"on his limbs"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b18-l78","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"Antinous rebuked him, spoke, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζεν is a full-verse Homeric formula introducing a sharply pointed speech."},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named him"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b18-l79","source":"νῦν μὲν μήτʼ εἴης, βουγάϊε, μήτε γένοιο,","translation":"\"Better now if you did not exist, you braggart, or had never been born,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μήτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"εἴης","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might you be","note":"optative of wish, εἴης...γένοιο — a curse-like optative, 'would that you did not exist/had not been born.'"},{"surface":"βουγάϊε","lemma":"βουγάιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you braggart","note":"βουγάϊε, vocative insult roughly 'ox-sized lout', a rare, colorful term of abuse."},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"γένοιο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might you be born"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b18-l80","source":"εἰ δὴ τοῦτόν γε τρομέεις καὶ δείδιας αἰνῶς,","translation":"if you tremble at this man and dread him so terribly,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτόν","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"τρομέεις","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"tremble at"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δείδιας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"dread","note":"δείδιας, perfect-form-as-present of δείδω again, paired with τρομέεις — doubling verbs of fear for emphasis."},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδιας","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b18-l81","source":"ἄνδρα γέροντα, δύῃ ἀρημένον, ἥ μιν ἱκάνει.","translation":"an old man worn down by the hardship that has come upon him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"δύῃ","lemma":"δύη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρημένον","gloss":"by hardship"},{"surface":"ἀρημένον","lemma":"ἀράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δύῃ","gloss":"comes upon"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b18-l82","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"But I tell you plainly, and it will surely be done:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἔκ...ἐρέω, 'I will speak out/plainly' — the preposition ἔκ is used adverbially with the verb, tmesis-style."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b18-l83","source":"αἴ κέν σʼ οὗτος νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται,","translation":"if this man beats you and proves the better,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of νικήσῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"νικήσῃ","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"defeats"},{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"proves to be"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b18-l84","source":"πέμψω σʼ ἤπειρόνδε, βαλὼν ἐν νηὶ μελαίνῃ,","translation":"I will throw you into a black ship and send you to the mainland,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will send"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"to the mainland","note":"ἤπειρόνδε: the directional suffix -δε, 'to(ward) the mainland', attached right onto the noun instead of using a preposition."},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμψω","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"black","note":"νηὶ μελαίνῃ, 'black ship', a common Homeric epithet-noun pair for ships (tarred hulls)."}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b18-l85","source":"εἰς Ἔχετον βασιλῆα, βροτῶν δηλήμονα πάντων,","translation":"to King Echetus, mangler of all mortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἔχετον","lemma":"Ἔχετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Echetus","note":"Proverbial ogre-king, invoked as a bogeyman threat rather than a real character in the plot."},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἔχετον","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δηλήμονα","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"δηλήμονα","lemma":"δηλήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"mangler","note":"δηλήμων 'destroyer/maimer' - rare epic word choice heightening the mock-threat's savagery."},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b18-l86","source":"ὅς κʼ ἀπὸ ῥῖνα τάμῃσι καὶ οὔατα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"who will cut off your nose and ears with the pitiless bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"ῥῖνα","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"τάμῃσι","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"will cut","note":"Aorist subjunctive after ὅς κε (=ἄν) gives a future-vivid 'whoever will cut' sense, typical epic construction."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τάμῃσι","gloss":"bronze","note":"χαλκός = 'bronze' stands for the blade/weapon itself, a common metonymy in Homer."}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b18-l87","source":"μήδεά τʼ ἐξερύσας δώῃ κυσὶν ὠμὰ δάσασθαι.","translation":"and tear out your genitals and give them raw to the dogs to eat.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήδεά","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξερύσας","gloss":"genitals"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξερύσας","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δώῃ","gloss":"tearing out","note":"Aorist participle ἐξερύσας is prior to δώῃ: 'having torn out, (he) may give' - action sequence packed into one clause."},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"may give"},{"surface":"κυσὶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to dogs"},{"surface":"ὠμὰ","lemma":"ὠμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"raw"},{"surface":"δάσασθαι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to δώῃ","gloss":"to devour"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b18-l88","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ὑπὸ τρόμος ἔλλαβε\n                  γυῖα.","translation":"So he spoke, and trembling seized Irus' limbs all the more.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, imperfect middle of φημί, is the standard Homeric speech-closing formula."},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλλαβε","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[intensifying]"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized","note":"ἔλλαβε - epic geminated aorist of λαμβάνω (λ-doubling), a metrically convenient Homeric form of ἔλαβε."},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b18-l89","source":"ἐς μέσσον δʼ ἄναγον· τὼ δʼ ἄμφω χεῖρας ἀνέσχον.","translation":"They led him into the middle, and both men put up their hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναγον","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέσχον","gloss":"the two","note":"τώ is the dual form of the article/pronoun, used because exactly two combatants (Odysseus and Irus) act together."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὼ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχον","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b18-l90","source":"δὴ τότε μερμήριξε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"Then much-enduring noble Odysseus pondered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"'much-enduring noble Odysseus'","body":"One of Odysseus' most frequent epithet-formulas, marking his defining quality of endurance through suffering."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πόλυτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας is Odysseus' signature epithet, 'much-enduring', pairing with δῖος in a standard formulaic doublet."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μερμήριξε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b18-l91","source":"ἢ ἐλάσειʼ ὥς μιν ψυχὴ λίποι αὖθι πεσόντα,","translation":"whether to strike him so that his life left him as he fell on the spot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἐλάσει","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦέ","gloss":"strike","note":"Optative ἐλάσει᾽ in a deliberative/potential clause reflects Odysseus weighing two options in his mind - 'whether he should strike...'"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίποι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λίποι","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"λίποι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"would leave"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεσόντα","gloss":"on the spot"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b18-l92","source":"ἦέ μιν ἦκʼ ἐλάσειε τανύσσειέν τʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ.","translation":"or to hit him lightly and stretch him out on the ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἦκ","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσειε","gloss":"lightly","note":"ἦκα 'gently, softly' - the key word revealing Odysseus's restraint, setting up his choice of the lighter blow."},{"surface":"ἐλάσειε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"τανύσσειέν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"stretch out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b18-l93","source":"ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι,","translation":"And as he thought it over, this seemed the better course:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοάσσατο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"δοάσσατο","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed","note":"δοάσσατο is a rare, archaic aorist ('it seemed') found almost only in this Homeric formula - no living present-tense form survives."},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b18-l94","source":"ἦκʼ ἐλάσαι, ἵνα μή μιν ἐπιφρασσαίατʼ Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"to strike lightly, so the Achaeans would not suspect him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦκ","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσαι","gloss":"lightly"},{"surface":"ἐλάσαι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιφρασσαίατ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπιφρασσαίατ","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"would suspect","note":"ἐπιφρασσαίατ᾽ - epic middle optative 3rd plural in -αίατο (for -αιντο), the archaic Homeric ending for this mood."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπιφρασσαίατ᾽","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b18-l95","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἀνασχομένω ὁ μὲν ἤλασε δεξιὸν ὦμον","translation":"Then, as both raised their fists, Irus struck the right shoulder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνασχομένω","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"raising fists","note":"ἀνασχομένω, dual aorist middle participle, matches the dual τὼ ἄμφω earlier - both fighters treated as a pair."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[contrast marker]"},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b18-l96","source":"Ἶρος, ὁ δʼ αὐχένʼ ἔλασσεν ὑπʼ οὔατος, ὀστέα δʼ εἴσω","translation":"but the other hit his neck below the ear, and crushed the bones","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶρος","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Irus"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθλασεν","gloss":"bones","note":"Odysseus's single blow, unlike Irus's, is devastating - the poet lingers on the anatomical detail to mark the mismatch."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔθλασεν","gloss":"within"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b18-l97","source":"ἔθλασεν· αὐτίκα δʼ ἦλθε κατὰ στόμα φοίνιον αἷμα,","translation":"within; at once the red blood came up through his mouth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔθλασεν","lemma":"θλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"φοίνιον","lemma":"φοίνιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b18-l98","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μακών, σὺν δʼ ἤλασʼ ὀδόντας","translation":"and bellowing he fell in the dust, gnashing his teeth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κάδ is an epic apocopated/assimilated form of κατά before δ᾽, common in fast-paced Homeric action lines."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"μακών","lemma":"μηκάομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσ᾽","gloss":"bellowing","note":"μακών, from μηκάομαι 'to bleat/bellow like an animal,' comically deflates Irus into a beast noise."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤλασ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gnashed"},{"surface":"ὀδόντας","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασ᾽","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b18-l99","source":"λακτίζων ποσὶ γαῖαν· ἀτὰρ μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"and kicking the ground with his feet. But the lordly suitors","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λακτίζων","lemma":"λακτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασ᾽","gloss":"kicking"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λακτίζων","gloss":"with feet"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λακτίζων","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκθανον","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"lordly"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b18-l100","source":"χεῖρας ἀνασχόμενοι γέλῳ ἔκθανον. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"threw up their hands and died with laughter. Then Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχόμενοι","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχόμενοι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκθανον","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"γέλῳ","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔκθανον","gloss":"with laughter"},{"surface":"ἔκθανον","lemma":"ἐκθνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"died","note":"ἔκθανον 'died' hyperbolically for uncontrollable laughing - a vivid comic idiom, not literal death."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλκε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b18-l101","source":"ἕλκε διὲκ προθύροιο λαβὼν ποδός, ὄφρʼ ἵκετʼ αὐλήν,","translation":"took him by the foot and dragged him out through the porch, till he reached the courtyard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out through"},{"surface":"προθύροιο","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"porch"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διὲκ","gloss":"grabbing"},{"surface":"ποδός","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"αὐλήν","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b18-l102","source":"αἰθούσης τε θύρας· καί μιν ποτὶ ἑρκίον αὐλῆς","translation":"and the doors of the gallery. There he propped him against the courtyard wall,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰθούσης","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the gallery"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἑρκίον","lemma":"ἑρκίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἑρκίον","gloss":"of courtyard"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b18-l103","source":"εἷσεν ἀνακλίνας· σκῆπτρον δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε χειρί,","translation":"set him up, leaning, put a staff in his hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set","note":"εἷσεν, aorist of ἵζω 'to make sit/set,' contracted causative form easy to confuse with εἶδον-type aorists; here it means 'seated him.'"},{"surface":"ἀνακλίνας","lemma":"ἀνακλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσεν","gloss":"leaning back"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρί","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"in hand"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b18-l104","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and spoke to him, addressing him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φωνήσας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words' is one of Homer's most famous recurring formulas introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b18-l105","source":"ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν ἧσο σύας τε κύνας τʼ ἀπερύκων,","translation":"\"Sit here now and keep off the pigs and dogs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνταυθοῖ","lemma":"ἐνταυθοῖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἧσο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit","note":"ἧσο, perfect middle imperative of ἧμαι ('to sit'), functions as a present command 'be seated/stay sitting.'"},{"surface":"σύας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπερύκων","lemma":"ἀπερύκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"keeping off"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b18-l106","source":"μηδὲ σύ γε ξείνων καὶ πτωχῶν κοίρανος εἶναι","translation":"and do not try to be lord over strangers and beggars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of strangers"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτωχῶν","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of beggars"},{"surface":"κοίρανος","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"be","note":"μηδὲ...εἶναι, a prohibitive infinitive standing for an imperative: 'and do not you be lord.'"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b18-l107","source":"λυγρὸς ἐών, μή πού τι κακὸν καὶ μεῖζον ἐπαύρῃ.","translation":"wretch that you are, or you may suffer something even worse.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρὸς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"being","note":"λυγρὸς ἐών 'being wretched' - a concessive/causal participle: 'seeing as you are a wretch (like this).'"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπαύρῃ","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπαύρῃ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ἐπαύρῃ","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"you suffer"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b18-l108","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἀεικέα βάλλετο πήρην,","translation":"He spoke, and slung over his shoulders the shabby wallet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ ῥα, epic ἠμί 'said', a common formula (like φάτο) marking the end/start of speech in narrative verse."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"shabby"},{"surface":"βάλλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"πήρην","lemma":"πήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλετο","gloss":"wallet"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b18-l109","source":"πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην· ἐν δὲ στρόφος ἦεν ἀορτήρ.","translation":"all full of holes, with a twisted cord for a strap.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥωγαλέην","gloss":"thickly"},{"surface":"ῥωγαλέην","lemma":"ῥωγαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήρην","gloss":"tattered","note":"πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην, 'thickly full of holes' - an adverbial adjective pair vividly describing the beggar's ragged wallet."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρόφος","lemma":"στρόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀορτήρ","lemma":"ἀορτήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"strap"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b18-l110","source":"ἂψ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοὶ δʼ ἴσαν εἴσω","translation":"Then he went back and sat down on the threshold, while they went inside,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰὼν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they","note":"τοὶ - epic demonstrative used as personal pronoun 'they,' referring to the suitors moving indoors."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴσαν","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b18-l111","source":"ἡδὺ γελώοντες καὶ δεικανόωντʼ ἐπέεσσι·","translation":"laughing merrily, and they greeted him with words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γελώοντες","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"γελώοντες","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεικανόωντ","lemma":"δεικανάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"greeted"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεικανόωντ᾽","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b18-l112","source":"Ζεύς τοι δοίη, ξεῖνε, καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ\n                     ἄλλοι,","translation":"\"May Zeus grant you, stranger, and the other immortal gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l112.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δοίη","title":"Optative of wish","body":"δοίη is an aorist optative of δίδωμι expressing a wish or prayer: 'may Zeus grant.' The optative without ἄν is the standard way Homer frames blessings."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may grant","note":"δοίη, aorist optative of δίδωμι, is the standard form for a wish/prayer: 'may Zeus grant.'"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b18-l113","source":"ὅττι μάλιστʼ ἐθέλεις καί τοι φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ,","translation":"whatever you most desire and is dear to your heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάλιστ","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"you desire","note":"present tense with future-ish sense, typical of wishes"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"is","note":"epic πέλω 'to be/become', common Homeric variant of εἰμί"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φίλον","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b18-l114","source":"ὃς τοῦτον τὸν ἄναλτον ἀλητεύειν ἀπέπαυσας","translation":"you who have stopped this insatiable creature from begging","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπέπαυσας","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀλητεύειν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄναλτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄναλτον","lemma":"ἄναλτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"insatiable one","note":"ἄναλτος, 'never filled' - epithet for the greedy beggar Irus"},{"surface":"ἀλητεύειν","lemma":"ἀλητεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀπέπαυσας","gloss":"from begging"},{"surface":"ἀπέπαυσας","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοι","gloss":"stopped"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b18-l115","source":"ἐν δήμῳ· τάχα γάρ μιν ἀνάξομεν ἤπειρόνδε","translation":"in the land; for soon we will ship him off to the mainland","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνάξομεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνάξομεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀνάξομεν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will send off"},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνάξομεν","gloss":"to the mainland"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b18-l116","source":"εἰς Ἔχετον βασιλῆα, βροτῶν δηλήμονα πάντων.","translation":"to King Echetus, the maimer of all mortals.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἔχετον","lemma":"Ἔχετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Echetus"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἔχετον","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δηλήμονα","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"δηλήμονα","lemma":"δηλήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of Ἔχετον","gloss":"maimer","note":"δηλήμων 'destroyer' - Echetus is a stock bogeyman-king in the Odyssey"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b18-l117","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, χαῖρεν δὲ κλεηδόνι δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"So they spoke, and noble Odysseus rejoiced at the omen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l117.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλεηδόνι","title":"Omen in a chance word","body":"κληδών is a word or utterance taken as a portent. The suitors mean their praise mockingly, but Odysseus reads it as a true sign of his coming triumph."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"χαῖρεν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλεηδόνι","lemma":"κληδών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χαῖρεν","gloss":"at the omen","note":"κληδών, a chance utterance taken as a good sign - folk-belief detail"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος, stock epithet 'godlike/noble', formulaic with Odysseus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαῖρεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b18-l118","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἄρα οἱ μεγάλην παρὰ γαστέρα θῆκεν,","translation":"Then Antinous set a great paunch beside him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"paunch"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b18-l119","source":"ἐμπλείην κνίσης τε καὶ αἵματος· Ἀμφίνομος δὲ","translation":"stuffed full of fat and blood; and Amphinomus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμπλείην","lemma":"ἔμπλεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρα","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"κνίσης","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of fat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of blood"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b18-l120","source":"ἄρτους ἐκ κανέοιο δύω παρέθηκεν ἀείρας","translation":"took two loaves from the basket and set them before him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρτους","lemma":"ἄρτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκεν","gloss":"loaves"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κανέοιο","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄρτους","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"παρέθηκεν","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set before him"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκεν","gloss":"having lifted","note":"ἀείρας, aorist participle - picked the loaves up before setting them down"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b18-l121","source":"καὶ δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ δειδίσκετο, φώνησέν τε·","translation":"and pledged him with a golden cup, and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέπαϊ","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δειδίσκετο","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"χρυσέῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπαϊ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δειδίσκετο","lemma":"δειδίσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pledged him","note":"δειδίσκετο, ritual gesture of toasting/greeting with a cup"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b18-l122","source":"χαῖρε, πάτερ ὦ ξεῖνε, γένοιτό τοι ἔς περ\n                     ὀπίσσω","translation":"\"Hail, father stranger; may prosperity be yours","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γένοιτό","title":"Optative of wish again","body":"γένοιτο, aorist optative of γίγνομαι, continues the prayer formula: 'may it come to be for you.' Amphinomus, unlike the mocking suitors, seems to mean the blessing sincerely."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hail"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"father","note":"respectful address to an elder stranger, not literal kinship"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"γένοιτό","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may it be","note":"aorist optative of wish, 'may prosperity come to be'"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτό","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"unto"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔς","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b18-l123","source":"ὄλβος· ἀτὰρ μὲν νῦν γε κακοῖς ἔχεαι πολέεσσι.","translation":"in time to come; for now you are gripped by many troubles.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβος","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένοιτό","gloss":"prosperity"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"κακοῖς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχεαι","gloss":"by troubles"},{"surface":"ἔχεαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are gripped","note":"middle voice ἔχεαι, 'you are held/beset', vivid for a beggar's plight"},{"surface":"πολέεσσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακοῖς","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b18-l124","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l124.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"Formulaic epithet","body":"πολύμητις, 'of many devices,' is Odysseus's signature epithet, slotting into the hexameter at line-end. Such fixed epithets are a hallmark of oral composition."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, formulaic epithet fixed to Odysseus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b18-l125","source":"Ἀμφίνομʼ, ἦ μάλα μοι δοκέεις πεπνυμένος εἶναι·","translation":"\"Amphinomus, you truly seem to me a man of sense;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομ","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοκέεις","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοκέεις","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you seem"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sensible","note":"perfect participle πεπνυμένος, 'having good sense', lit. 'breathed into with wisdom'"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b18-l126","source":"τοίου γὰρ καὶ πατρός, ἐπεὶ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἄκουον,","translation":"such was your father too, for I heard his noble fame,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίου","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρός","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"your father"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἄκουον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I heard"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b18-l127","source":"Νῖσον Δουλιχιῆα ἐΰν τʼ ἔμεν ἀφνειόν τε·","translation":"Nisus of Dulichium, that he was both brave and rich.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νῖσον","lemma":"Νῖσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμεν","gloss":"Nisus"},{"surface":"Δουλιχιῆα","lemma":"Δουλιχίης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νῖσον","gloss":"of Dulichium"},{"surface":"ἐΰν","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble","note":"ἐύς, old epic adjective 'good/brave', archaic form"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀφνειόν","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b18-l128","source":"τοῦ σʼ ἔκ φασι γενέσθαι, ἐπητῇ δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας.","translation":"They say you are his son, and you look like a courteous man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"were born"},{"surface":"ἐπητῇ","lemma":"ἐπητής","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"courteous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you look like","note":"perfect ἔοικα with present force, 'you resemble'"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b18-l129","source":"τοὔνεκά τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μευ ἄκουσον·","translation":"So I will tell you something; mark it and hear me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκά","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύνθεο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take note","note":"aorist imperative σύνθεο, 'put together in your mind', i.e. mark well"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄκουσον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b18-l130","source":"οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τρέφει ἀνθρώποιο,","translation":"the earth nurtures nothing frailer than a human being.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀκιδνότερον","title":"Comparative adjective","body":"ἀκιδνότερον is the comparative of ἀκιδνός, 'feeble': 'nothing more frail.' The line opens one of the Odyssey's great meditations on human weakness."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ἀκιδνότερον","lemma":"ἀκιδνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies οὐδὲν","gloss":"frailer"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nurtures","note":"famous gnomic line on human frailty, a key Odyssey theme"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποιο","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκιδνότερον","gloss":"than man"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b18-l131","source":"πάντων ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει.","translation":"of all things that breathe and creep upon the earth.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀκιδνότερον","gloss":"of all things"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πνείει","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"breathe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρπει","lemma":"ἕρπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"creep"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b18-l132","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ ποτέ φησι κακὸν πείσεσθαι ὀπίσσω,","translation":"For a man thinks he will never suffer harm hereafter,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φησι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he thinks"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of πείσεσθαι","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"πείσεσθαι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"will suffer"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείσεσθαι","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b18-l133","source":"ὄφρʼ ἀρετὴν παρέχωσι θεοὶ καὶ γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ·","translation":"so long as the gods grant him strength and his knees are quick;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so long as"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρέχωσι","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"παρέχωσι","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"grant","note":"subjunctive in a general temporal clause, 'as long as gods provide'"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέχωσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρῃ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ὀρώρῃ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"are quick","note":"ὄρνυμι perfect subj., lit. 'are roused/spring', idiom for youthful vigor"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b18-l134","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ λυγρὰ θεοὶ μάκαρες τελέσωσι,","translation":"but when the blessed gods bring sorrows to pass as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέσωσι","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσωσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"τελέσωσι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"bring to pass"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b18-l135","source":"καὶ τὰ φέρει ἀεκαζόμενος τετληότι θυμῷ·","translation":"these too he bears, unwilling, with an enduring heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τετληότι θυμῷ","title":"The enduring heart","body":"τετληώς is a perfect participle of τλάω, 'to endure'; the phrase 'with enduring heart' captures the Odyssey's central virtue of patient suffering, the same root behind Odysseus's epithet πολύτλας."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he bears"},{"surface":"ἀεκαζόμενος","lemma":"ἀεκαζόμενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"τετληότι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"enduring","note":"perfect participle τετληότι from τλάω, 'having endured', root of English 'talent'-adjacent 'tolerate'"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b18-l136","source":"τοῖος γὰρ νόος ἐστὶν ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"For such is the mind of mortal men upon the earth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίων","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"earthly"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b18-l137","source":"οἷον ἐπʼ ἦμαρ ἄγησι πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε.","translation":"as is the day the father of men and gods brings on them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγησι","gloss":"the day"},{"surface":"ἄγησι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖος","gloss":"brings","note":"subjunctive in a general/timeless clause describing recurring divine action"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγησι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b18-l138","source":"καὶ γὰρ ἐγώ ποτʼ ἔμελλον ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὄλβιος εἶναι,","translation":"For I too was once destined to be prosperous among men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλον","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined","note":"ἔμελλον, imperfect of μέλλω, 'was fated/about to' - Odysseus's disguised autobiography"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὄλβιος","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prosperous"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b18-l139","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἀτάσθαλʼ ἔρεξα βίῃ καὶ κάρτεϊ εἴκων,","translation":"and I did many reckless things, yielding to force and strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀτάσθαλ᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλ","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔρεξα","gloss":"reckless things"},{"surface":"ἔρεξα","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I did"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρτεϊ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"εἴκων","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξα","gloss":"yielding to","note":"present participle εἴκων 'giving way to', admitting past arrogance from strength"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b18-l140","source":"πατρί τʼ ἐμῷ πίσυνος καὶ ἐμοῖσι κασιγνήτοισι.","translation":"trusting in my father and my brothers.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρί","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πίσυνος","lemma":"πίσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trusting","note":"πίσυνος + dative, 'relying on' - explains the reckless deeds of the previous line"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσι","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασιγνήτοισι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοισι","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brothers"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b18-l141","source":"τῷ μή τίς ποτε πάμπαν ἀνὴρ ἀθεμίστιος εἴη,","translation":"Therefore let no man ever be utterly lawless,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"μή + optative εἴη = wish/prohibition, not indicative negation"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀθεμίστιος","lemma":"ἀθεμίστιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lawless"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be","note":"optative of wish (εἴη): with the preceding μή, 'let him never be' — a negative Homeric wish/prohibition, not a positive wish"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b18-l142","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε σιγῇ δῶρα θεῶν ἔχοι, ὅττι διδοῖεν.","translation":"but let him keep in silence the gods' gifts, whatever they give.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχοι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σιγῇ","lemma":"σιγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοι","gloss":"in silence","note":"dative of manner without preposition, common Homeric idiom"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἔχοι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him keep"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of διδοῖεν","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"διδοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"they give","note":"optative διδοῖεν in a general relative clause: 'whatever they might give'"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b18-l143","source":"οἷʼ ὁρόω μνηστῆρας ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωντας,","translation":"Such reckless deeds I see the suitors contriving,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀτάσθαλα","gloss":"such as","note":"οἷα (here οἷ᾽) introduces the exclamatory 'such things as' clause"},{"surface":"ὁρόω","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I see","note":"uncontracted ὁρόω, epic form of ὁρῶ"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρόω","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωντας","gloss":"reckless deeds"},{"surface":"μηχανόωντας","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"contriving"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b18-l144","source":"κτήματα κείροντας καὶ ἀτιμάζοντας ἄκοιτιν","translation":"wasting the goods and dishonoring the wife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κείροντας","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"κείροντας","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wasting","note":"κείρω 'shear/cut' extended to 'consume, squander' the household goods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζοντας","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dishonoring"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζοντας","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b18-l145","source":"ἀνδρός, ὃν οὐκέτι φημὶ φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης","translation":"of a man who, I say, will not for long be far","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπέσσεσθαι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσεσθαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρός","gloss":"I say","note":"φημί governing the infinitive ἀπέσσεσθαι: 'I say/think he will be...'"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"land","note":"αἶα, poetic epic word for 'land/earth' beside γαῖα"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b18-l146","source":"δηρὸν ἀπέσσεσθαι· μάλα δὲ σχεδόν. ἀλλά σε δαίμων","translation":"from his friends and his native land; he is very near. But may a god","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσεσθαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπέσσεσθαι","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"to be far","note":"future infinitive of ἄπειμι, 'to be away/absent'"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὑπεξαγάγοι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπεξαγάγοι","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων, unnamed divine agent — vague foreboding tone before Odysseus's return"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b18-l147","source":"οἴκαδʼ ὑπεξαγάγοι, μηδʼ ἀντιάσειας ἐκείνῳ,","translation":"lead you safely home, that you not meet that man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l147.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑπεξαγάγοι","title":"Optative of wish for Amphinomus","body":"ὑπεξαγάγοι, aorist optative, expresses Odysseus's wish: 'may a god lead you away to safety.' He alone among the suitors earns this hint of pity and warning."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὑπεξαγάγοι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ὑπεξαγάγοι","lemma":"ὑπεξάγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead safely","note":"optative of wish ὑπεξαγάγοι, 'may [a god] lead you safely'"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσειας","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you not meet"},{"surface":"ἐκείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀντιάσειας","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b18-l148","source":"ὁππότε νοστήσειε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν·","translation":"when he returns to his own dear native land;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"νοστήσειε","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"he returns"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b18-l149","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἀναιμωτί γε διακρινέεσθαι ὀΐω","translation":"for I do not think the suitors and that man will part","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀναιμωτί","lemma":"ἀναιμωτί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διακρινέεσθαι","gloss":"without bloodshed","note":"ἀναιμωτί, literally 'bloodlessly' — combined with the clause's οὐ it yields 'not without bloodshed,' i.e. with slaughter; grim foreshadowing of the suitors' fate"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"διακρινέεσθαι","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will part"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b18-l150","source":"μνηστῆρας καὶ κεῖνον, ἐπεί κε μέλαθρον ὑπέλθῃ.","translation":"without bloodshed, once he comes beneath his roof.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"μέλαθρον","lemma":"μέλαθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπέλθῃ","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"ὑπέλθῃ","lemma":"ὑπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"comes beneath","note":"aorist subjunctive with κε/ἐπεί for a future-more-vivid temporal clause"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b18-l151","source":"ὣς φάτο, καὶ σπείσας ἔπιεν μελιηδέα οἶνον,","translation":"So he spoke, and poured a libation and drank the honey-sweet wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, epic middle aorist of φημί, common formula ὣς φάτο"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπείσας","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπιεν","gloss":"poured a libation"},{"surface":"ἔπιεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet","note":"stock Homeric epithet for wine, μελιηδέα οἶνον"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπιεν","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b18-l152","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε δέπας κοσμήτορι λαῶν.","translation":"then put the cup back into the hands of the marshal of the people.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"κοσμήτορι","lemma":"κοσμήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"marshal","note":"κοσμήτωρ λαῶν, formulaic epithet for a leader of the people (here Telemachus)"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοσμήτορι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b18-l153","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ βῆ διὰ δῶμα φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ,","translation":"But he went off through the hall with grieving heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"τετιημένος","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"grieving (heart)","note":"perfect middle participle τετιημένος 'having been grieved,' governing accusative of respect ἦτορ"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τετιημένος","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b18-l154","source":"νευστάζων κεφαλῇ· δὴ γὰρ κακὸν ὄσσετο θυμός.","translation":"nodding his head; for his spirit foreboded evil.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l154.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄσσετο","title":"Foreboding","body":"ὄσσομαι means to forebode or have a foreboding vision, related to the word for 'eye.' Amphinomus dimly senses the doom Athena has already fixed for him."}],"words":[{"surface":"νευστάζων","lemma":"νευστάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"nodding"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νευστάζων","gloss":"with head","note":"dative of respect/instrument, 'nodding with his head'"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ὄσσετο","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὄσσετο","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foreboded","note":"ὄσσομαι, 'to have a foreboding/premonition of' — vivid omen-verb"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄσσετο","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b18-l155","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς φύγε κῆρα· πέδησε δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀθήνη","translation":"Yet even so he did not escape death; Athena had bound him too,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύγε","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"φύγε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγε","gloss":"death","note":"κήρ, personified death-spirit/doom, not merely 'death' abstractly"},{"surface":"πέδησε","lemma":"πεδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had bound"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαμῆναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέδησε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b18-l156","source":"Τηλεμάχου ὑπὸ χερσὶ καὶ ἔγχεϊ ἶφι δαμῆναι.","translation":"to be brought low by Telemachus's hands and spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμῆναι","gloss":"mightily","note":"instrumental adverb ἶφι, 'by force' — old dative-like adverb"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of πέδησε","gloss":"be brought low","note":"aorist passive infinitive δαμῆναι, 'to be tamed/subdued (i.e. killed)'"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b18-l157","source":"ἂψ δʼ αὖτις κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη.","translation":"He went back and sat down on the chair from which he had risen.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρόνου","gloss":"he had risen"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b18-l158","source":"τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, put it in the mind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l158.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, the standard epithet of Athena, suggests 'gleaming-eyed' or 'owl-eyed.' It recurs as a fixed metrical formula across both epics."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"in her","note":"τῇ picks up Penelope, dative of the person whose mind is affected"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρεσί, 'in the heart/mind' — plural noun used idiomatically singular in sense"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed epithet, 'flashing/gleaming-eyed'"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b18-l159","source":"κούρῃ Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ,","translation":"of the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to the daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρονι","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων, epithet meaning 'circumspect, very prudent' — Penelope's standard epithet"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b18-l160","source":"μνηστήρεσσι φανῆναι, ὅπως πετάσειε μάλιστα","translation":"to show herself to the suitors, so that she might most stir","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φανῆναι","gloss":"to the suitors"},{"surface":"φανῆναι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"to show herself"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πετάσειε","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"might stir","note":"πετάννυμι lit. 'spread wide,' here figuratively 'open up/stir' their hearts"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πετάσειε","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b18-l161","source":"θυμὸν μνηστήρων ἰδὲ τιμήεσσα γένοιτο","translation":"the hearts of the suitors, and become more honored","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πετάσειε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιμήεσσα","lemma":"τιμήεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more honored"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"might become"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b18-l162","source":"μᾶλλον πρὸς πόσιός τε καὶ υἱέος ἢ πάρος ἦεν.","translation":"in the eyes of her husband and her son than before.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in the eyes of"},{"surface":"πόσιός","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"she was"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b18-l163","source":"ἀχρεῖον δʼ ἐγέλασσεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"She gave a faint, pointless laugh, and spoke and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀχρεῖον","title":"An awkward laugh","body":"ἀχρεῖον here describes Penelope's laugh as forced or pointless, betraying her unease at the impulse Athena has placed in her. The same word is used of an embarrassed laugh elsewhere in epic."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχρεῖον","lemma":"ἀχρεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐγέλασσεν","gloss":"pointless","note":"ἀχρεῖον, 'idle, empty, meaningless' — a famously puzzling epithet for Penelope's own laugh, often read as bitter or ironic given her divided state of mind; not a description of Athena's actions"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγέλασσεν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave a laugh"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔπος...ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ...ὀνόμαζεν, formulaic Homeric line 'spoke a word and addressed [her]'"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named/addressed"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b18-l164","source":"Εὐρυνόμη, θυμός μοι ἐέλδεται, οὔ τι πάρος\n                     γε,","translation":"\"Eurynome, my heart longs, as never before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurynome","note":"vocative address to Penelope's housekeeper, opening direct speech"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐέλδεται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐέλδεται","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longs"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b18-l165","source":"μνηστήρεσσι φανῆναι, ἀπεχθομένοισί περ ἔμπης·","translation":"to show myself to the suitors, hateful though they are;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φανῆναι","gloss":"to the suitors"},{"surface":"φανῆναι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐέλδεται","gloss":"to show myself"},{"surface":"ἀπεχθομένοισί","lemma":"ἀπεχθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"hateful","note":"ἀπεχθομένοισι, participle of ἀπεχθάνομαι ('to be/become hateful'), tagged active in this parse — 'though hateful (to them)/being hated,' concessive with περ"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεχθομένοισί","gloss":"nonetheless"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b18-l166","source":"παιδὶ δέ κεν εἴποιμι ἔπος, τό κε κέρδιον εἴη,","translation":"and I would say a word to my son that would be better,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴποιμι","gloss":"to my son"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"εἴποιμι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would say","note":"potential optative εἴποιμι with κεν, 'I would say'"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔπος","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b18-l167","source":"μὴ πάντα μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ὁμιλεῖν,","translation":"that he not keep company with the arrogant suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλεῖν","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμιλεῖν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισιν","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"arrogant","note":"ὑπερφίαλος, favorite Homeric epithet for the suitors' overweening pride"},{"surface":"ὁμιλεῖν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"keep company"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b18-l168","source":"οἵ τʼ εὖ μὲν βάζουσι, κακῶς δʼ ὄπιθεν φρονέουσι.","translation":"who speak fair but plot evil behind it.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βάζουσι ... φρονέουσι","title":"men ... de contrast","body":"The μέν...δέ pairing sets 'they speak well' against 'they think evil,' a balanced antithesis. This particle pair is Homer's basic tool for marking contrast."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[correlative]"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάζουσι","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"βάζουσι","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέουσι","gloss":"evilly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέουσι","gloss":"behind it","note":"ὄπιθεν, 'behind, afterward' — capturing the suitors' two-faced speech vs. hidden intent"},{"surface":"φρονέουσι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"plot"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b18-l169","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρυνόμη ταμίη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"Then Eurynome the housekeeper answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn","note":"δέ...αὖτε is the standard formulaic pairing opening a reply-speech line."},{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυνόμη","gloss":"the housekeeper","note":"ταμίη names Eurynome's household office, an epic-formula epithet slot."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said","note":"ἔειπεν is an epic reduplicated aorist of εἶπον, common in speech-introduction lines."}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b18-l170","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα, τέκος, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Yes indeed, my child, all this you have said rightly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my child","note":"Vocative τέκος, address term, sits loosely without a governing verb (elided head) — normal in vocative interjections."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, 'rightly, fittingly,' a common epic adverbial phrase."},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have said"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b18-l171","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι καὶ σῷ παιδὶ ἔπος φάο μηδʼ ἐπίκευθε,","translation":"But go and speak the word to your son, and hide nothing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"ἴθι, imperative of εἶμι 'go,' a common command form in epic."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φάο","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φάο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak","note":"φάο, rare epic imperative of φημί (for φάθι), 'speak' — irregular short form."},{"surface":"ἐπίκευθε","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hide not"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b18-l172","source":"χρῶτʼ ἀπονιψαμένη καὶ ἐπιχρίσασα παρειάς·","translation":"after you have washed your skin and anointed your cheeks;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l172.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀπονιψαμένη","title":"Middle voice participle","body":"ἀπονιψαμένη is an aorist middle participle of ἀπονίζω: 'having washed (herself).' The middle voice marks the action as done to or for oneself."}],"words":[{"surface":"χρῶτ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπονιψαμένη","gloss":"your skin"},{"surface":"ἀπονιψαμένη","lemma":"ἀπονίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having washed","note":"Aorist middle participle: she washes her own skin, self-benefit sense typical of middle voice."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιχρίσασα","lemma":"ἐπιχρίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having anointed"},{"surface":"παρειάς","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιχρίσασα","gloss":"cheeks"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b18-l173","source":"μηδʼ οὕτω δακρύοισι πεφυρμένη ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα","translation":"and do not go like this, your face all stained with tears;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφυρμένη","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δακρύοισι","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεφυρμένη","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"πεφυρμένη","lemma":"φύρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχευ","gloss":"stained","note":"Perfect passive participle πεφυρμένη, 'having been drenched/stained,' vivid state resulting from weeping."},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πρόσωπα","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b18-l174","source":"ἔρχευ, ἐπεὶ κάκιον πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί.","translation":"for it is worse to grieve forever without measure.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχευ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"Middle imperative ἔρχευ, epic form of ἔρχομαι's imperative."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κάκιον","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"πενθήμεναι","lemma":"πενθέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to grieve","note":"Epic infinitive ending -μεναι (πενθήμεναι) instead of -ειν, a common Homeric infinitive variant."},{"surface":"ἄκριτον","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πενθήμεναι","gloss":"without measure"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πενθήμεναι","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b18-l175","source":"ἤδη μὲν γάρ τοι παῖς τηλίκος, ὃν σὺ μάλιστα","translation":"For your son is now of the very age you most","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies παῖς","gloss":"you (dat.)"},{"surface":"παῖς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τηλίκος","lemma":"τηλίκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of such an age","note":"τηλίκος, 'so old/of that age,' correlates with the relative ὅν following — a common epic correlation pattern."},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἠρῶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρῶ","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b18-l176","source":"ἠρῶ ἀθανάτοισι γενειήσαντα ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"prayed to the immortals to see him with a beard.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠρῶ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παῖς","gloss":"you prayed","note":"ἠρῶ, imperfect of ἀράομαι 'pray, vow,' contracted epic form."},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠρῶ","gloss":"to the immortals"},{"surface":"γενειήσαντα","lemma":"γενειάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"grown bearded","note":"γενειήσαντα, denominative aorist participle from γένειον 'chin/beard' — 'having grown a beard.'"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἠρῶ","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b18-l177","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then wise Penelope answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered","note":"περίφρων, 'very thoughtful,' Penelope's standard Homeric epithet."},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων, 'very thoughtful,' Penelope's standard Homeric epithet."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b18-l178","source":"Εὐρυνόμη, μὴ ταῦτα παραύδα, κηδομένη περ,","translation":"\"Eurynome, do not urge me to this, kindly though you mean it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"παραύδα","lemma":"παραυδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge","note":"παραύδα, present imperative 'speak persuasively/urge,' negated by μή for a prohibition."},{"surface":"κηδομένη","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παραύδα","gloss":"caring","note":"κηδομένη περ, 'though caring (for me)' — concessive force added by the particle περ."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b18-l179","source":"χρῶτʼ ἀπονίπτεσθαι καὶ ἐπιχρίεσθαι ἀλοιφῇ·","translation":"to wash my skin and anoint myself with oil;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρῶτ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπονίπτεσθαι","gloss":"my skin"},{"surface":"ἀπονίπτεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to wash"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιχρίεσθαι","lemma":"ἐπιχρίω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to anoint"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφῇ","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιχρίεσθαι","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b18-l180","source":"ἀγλαΐην γὰρ ἐμοί γε θεοί, τοὶ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν,","translation":"for the gods who hold Olympus destroyed my beauty","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγλαΐην","lemma":"ἀγλαία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσαν","gloss":"beauty","note":"ἀγλαΐην, 'radiance/beauty,' object of ὤλεσαν in the following line — enjambment across l180-181."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγλαΐην","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοί","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b18-l181","source":"ὤλεσαν, ἐξ οὗ κεῖνος ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν.","translation":"from the day that man went off in the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλεσαν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed","note":"ὤλεσαν completes the sense begun in l180 (ἀγλαΐην...ὤλεσαν), a classic Homeric run-on line."},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὤλεσαν","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσίν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσίν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships","note":"κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν, 'in hollow ships,' a recurring Homeric formula for the fleet."}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b18-l182","source":"ἀλλά μοι Αὐτονόην τε καὶ Ἱπποδάμειαν ἄνωχθι","translation":"But bid Autonoe and Hippodameia","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Αὐτονόην","lemma":"Αὐτονόη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Autonoe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱπποδάμειαν","lemma":"Ἱπποδάμεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hippodameia"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid","note":"ἄνωχθι, perfect-form imperative of ἄνωγα ('command'), a defective verb with present force."}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b18-l183","source":"ἐλθέμεν, ὄφρα κέ μοι παρστήετον ἐν μεγάροισιν·","translation":"come to me, so that they may stand beside me in the hall;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρστήετον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"παρστήετον","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"stand beside","note":"παρστήετον, dual subjunctive (3rd dual) since two women are the subject — rare dual verb form."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the hall"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b18-l184","source":"οἴη δʼ οὐκ εἴσειμι μετʼ ἀνέρας· αἰδέομαι γάρ.","translation":"I will not go alone among the men; I feel shame.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴσειμι","lemma":"εἴσειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go","note":"εἴσειμι, present with future sense, 'I will go in' — from εἰς + εἶμι."},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"αἰδέομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I feel shame"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b18-l185","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, γρηῢς δὲ διὲκ μεγάροιο βεβήκει","translation":"So she spoke, and the old woman went off through the hall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"γρηῢς","lemma":"γραῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"the old woman"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone","note":"βεβήκει, pluperfect of βαίνω, 'had already gone' — marks completed motion before the next action."}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b18-l186","source":"ἀγγελέουσα γυναιξὶ καὶ ὀτρυνέουσα νέεσθαι.","translation":"to tell the women and urge them to come.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσα","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to tell","note":"ἀγγελέουσα, future participle expressing purpose, 'in order to announce.'"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγγελέουσα","gloss":"the women"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρυνέουσα","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to urge","note":"ὀτρυνέουσα, future participle of purpose paired with ἀγγελέουσα."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρυνέουσα","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b18-l187","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, devised another thing:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, Athena's standing epithet-name formula, fixed epic unit."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b18-l188","source":"κούρῃ Ἰκαρίοιο κατὰ γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἔχευεν,","translation":"over the daughter of Icarius she poured sweet sleep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"on the daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down over"},{"surface":"γλυκὺν","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔχευεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"ἔχευεν, 'poured (sleep) down,' the Homeric verb χέω used metaphorically for divinely sent sleep."}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b18-l189","source":"εὗδε δʼ ἀνακλινθεῖσα, λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα","translation":"and she slept, reclined; and all her limbs were loosed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδε","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she slept"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνακλινθεῖσα","lemma":"ἀνακλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"reclined","note":"ἀνακλινθεῖσα, aorist passive participle, 'having leaned back' — describes her posture as she fell asleep."},{"surface":"λύθεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were loosed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἅψεα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἅψεα","lemma":"ἅψος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύθεν","gloss":"limbs","note":"ἅψεα, 'joints/limbs,' subject of λύθεν 'were loosened' — a common Homeric image for deep sleep."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅψεα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b18-l190","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ κλιντῆρι· τέως δʼ ἄρα δῖα θεάων","translation":"there on the couch; and meanwhile the bright goddess","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κλιντῆρι","lemma":"κλιντήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"couch"},{"surface":"τέως","lemma":"τέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίδου","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of δίδου","gloss":"bright","note":"δῖα θεάων, 'shining among goddesses,' a formulaic epithet phrase for a goddess."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of goddesses"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b18-l191","source":"ἄμβροτα δῶρα δίδου, ἵνα μιν θησαίατʼ Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"gave her immortal gifts, that the Achaeans might marvel at her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμβροτα","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave","note":"δίδου, imperfect of δίδωμι, 'kept giving/bestowed' — durative sense for the transformation."},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θησαίατ᾽","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"θησαίατ","lemma":"θάομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might marvel at","note":"Optative θησαίατ᾽ in a purpose clause introduced by ἵνα — optative used for purpose in secondary sequence."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of θησαίατ᾽","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b18-l192","source":"κάλλεϊ μέν οἱ πρῶτα προσώπατα καλὰ κάθηρεν","translation":"First she cleansed her lovely face with beauty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλεϊ","lemma":"κάλλος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κάθηρεν","gloss":"with beauty"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies προσώπατα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κάθηρεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσώπατα","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάθηρεν","gloss":"face","note":"προσώπατα, neuter plural for a single face (poetic plural), common in Homeric body-part diction."},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies προσώπατα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"κάθηρεν","lemma":"καθαίρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cleansed"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b18-l193","source":"ἀμβροσίῳ, οἵῳ περ ἐϋστέφανος Κυθέρεια","translation":"with the ambrosial kind that fair-crowned Cytherea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῳ","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"οἵῳ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"such as","note":"οἵῳ περ correlates with ἀμβροσίῳ, introducing the comparison to Aphrodite's own unguent."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐϋστέφανος","lemma":"εὐστέφανος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κυθέρεια","gloss":"fair-crowned","note":"ἐϋστέφανος Κυθέρεια, standing epithet-name for Aphrodite."},{"surface":"Κυθέρεια","lemma":"Κυθέρεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χρίεται","gloss":"Cytherea"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b18-l194","source":"χρίεται, εὖτʼ ἂν ἴῃ Χαρίτων χορὸν ἱμερόεντα·","translation":"anoints herself when she goes to the lovely dance of the Graces;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρίεται","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"anoints herself"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"ἴῃ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ᾽","gloss":"she goes"},{"surface":"Χαρίτων","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies χορὸν","gloss":"of the Graces"},{"surface":"χορὸν","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴῃ","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεντα","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χορὸν","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b18-l195","source":"καί μιν μακροτέρην καὶ πάσσονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι,","translation":"and she made her taller and fuller to behold,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μακροτέρην","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"taller"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάσσονα","lemma":"πάσσων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"fuller","note":"πάσσονα, comparative of παχύς, 'stouter/fuller' — divine enhancement of Penelope's stature."},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b18-l196","source":"λευκοτέρην δʼ ἄρα μιν θῆκε πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος.","translation":"and made her whiter than sawn ivory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λευκοτέρην","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"complement of θῆκε","gloss":"whiter"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"πριστοῦ","lemma":"πριστός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλέφαντος","gloss":"sawn","note":"πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος, 'sawn ivory,' a vivid simile-like image for polished whiteness."},{"surface":"ἐλέφαντος","lemma":"ἐλέφας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λευκοτέρην","gloss":"ivory"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b18-l197","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς ἔρξασʼ ἀπεβήσετο δῖα θεάων,","translation":"When the bright goddess had done this, she went away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξασ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔρξασ","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"having done","note":"Aorist participle ἔρξασ᾽ (from ἔρδω) sums up Athena's prior action before the main verb."},{"surface":"ἀπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"bright","note":"δῖα θεάων 'bright among goddesses' is a formulaic epithet phrase for a goddess, genitive of a class she surpasses."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of goddesses"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b18-l198","source":"ἦλθον δʼ ἀμφίπολοι λευκώλενοι ἐκ μεγάροιο","translation":"and the white-armed maidservants came from the hall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l198.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λευκώλενοι","title":"White-armed","body":"λευκώλενος, 'white-armed,' is a stock epithet for women in epic, here applied to the maids. Such epithets fill out the verse and lend a formulaic dignity."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολοι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"λευκώλενοι","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολοι","gloss":"white-armed","note":"λευκώλενοι, a stock Homeric epithet for serving-women, formed from λευκός + ὠλένη 'arm'."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the hall"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b18-l199","source":"φθόγγῳ ἐπερχόμεναι· τὴν δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκε,","translation":"approaching with their talk; and sweet sleep released her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθόγγῳ","lemma":"φθόγγος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπερχόμεναι","gloss":"with talk"},{"surface":"ἐπερχόμεναι","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"approaching"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνήκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"released"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b18-l200","source":"καί ῥʼ ἀπομόρξατο χερσὶ παρειὰς φώνησέν τε·","translation":"and she wiped her cheeks with her hands and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπομόρξατο","lemma":"ἀπομόργνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wiped"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"παρειὰς","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b18-l201","source":"ἦ με μάλʼ αἰνοπαθῆ μαλακὸν περὶ κῶμʼ\n                     ἐκάλυψεν.","translation":"\"Truly a soft drowsiness wrapped me in my deep distress.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰνοπαθῆ","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"αἰνοπαθῆ","lemma":"αἰνοπαθής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies με","gloss":"sorely afflicted","note":"αἰνοπαθής, a rare compound ('suffering terribly') built on αἰνός + πάσχω, agreeing with 'me'."},{"surface":"μαλακὸν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῶμ᾽","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"about","note":"Tmesis-like περὶ...ἐκάλυψεν 'covered around/over,' the preposition reinforcing the verb rather than governing a case here."},{"surface":"κῶμ","lemma":"κῶμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"drowsy trance"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b18-l202","source":"αἴθε μοι ὣς μαλακὸν θάνατον πόροι Ἄρτεμις ἁγνὴ","translation":"If only pure Artemis would grant me so soft a death","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l202.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἴθε ... πόροι","title":"Optative of wish","body":"αἴθε with the aorist optative πόροι frames a future possible wish — not unattainable: 'would that Artemis might grant.' Unattainable wishes use αἴθε/εἴθε + the imperfect or aorist indicative; the optative here marks a wish held out as theoretically realizable. Penelope longs for a gentle death rather than endless grief."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθε","lemma":"αἴθε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πόροι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πόροι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μαλακὸν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατον","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόροι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"πόροι","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would grant","note":"Optative πόροι after αἴθε expresses a wish contrary to present fact — 'if only Artemis would grant.'"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πόροι","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἁγνὴ","lemma":"ἁγνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"pure"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b18-l203","source":"αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα μηκέτʼ ὀδυρομένη κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"right now, so that I might no longer waste my life away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πόροι","gloss":"right now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πόροι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that","note":"ἵνα + subjunctive (φθινύθω) introduces a purpose clause explaining why she wishes for death."},{"surface":"μηκέτ","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθινύθω","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένη","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b18-l204","source":"αἰῶνα φθινύθω, πόσιος ποθέουσα φίλοιο","translation":"grieving in my heart, longing for my dear husband's","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰῶνα","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φθινύθω","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"φθινύθω","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"waste away","note":"Present subjunctive φθινύθω continues the ἵνα-clause: 'so that I no longer waste my life away.'"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρετήν","gloss":"husband's"},{"surface":"ποθέουσα","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιος","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b18-l205","source":"παντοίην ἀρετήν, ἐπεὶ ἔξοχος ἦεν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"every excellence, since he was foremost of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίην","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετήν","gloss":"every kind of"},{"surface":"ἀρετήν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποθέουσα","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἔξοχος","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foremost","note":"ἔξοχος + genitive Ἀχαιῶν 'preeminent among the Achaeans' — a common Homeric idiom of comparison."},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b18-l206","source":"ὣς φαμένη κατέβαινʼ ὑπερώϊα σιγαλόεντα,","translation":"So speaking, she came down from her shining upper rooms,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαμένη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φαμένη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κατέβαιν᾽","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"κατέβαιν","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came down"},{"surface":"ὑπερώϊα","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατέβαιν᾽","gloss":"upper rooms"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὑπερώϊα","gloss":"shining","note":"σιγαλόεντα, a decorative Homeric epithet ('glossy, splendid') often applied to rooms, robes, and chariots."}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b18-l207","source":"οὐκ οἴη· ἅμα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι δύʼ ἕποντο.","translation":"not alone; two handmaids followed her as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολοι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολοι","gloss":"two","note":"δύ(ο) 'two' modifying a plural (not dual) ἀμφίπολοι — Homeric usage sometimes pairs the numeral with plural agreement."},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b18-l208","source":"ἡ δʼ ὅτε δὴ μνηστῆρας ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν,","translation":"And when the bright woman reached the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women","note":"δῖα γυναικῶν 'bright among women,' the same formulaic epithet pattern as δῖα θεάων in l197."}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b18-l209","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,","translation":"she stood by the pillar of the well-built roof,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"τέγεος","lemma":"τέγος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"of the roof"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητοῖο","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέγεος","gloss":"well-built","note":"πύκα ποιητοῖο 'closely/well built' — a formulaic pairing describing sturdy Homeric architecture."}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b18-l210","source":"ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα·","translation":"holding her shining veil before her cheeks;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"παρειάων","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"σχομένη","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"holding","note":"Middle participle σχομένη (ἔχω) 'holding for herself' — the veil held before her own face, a gesture of modesty."},{"surface":"λιπαρὰ","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνα","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σχομένη","gloss":"veil"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b18-l211","source":"ἀμφίπολος δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη.","translation":"and a trusty handmaid stood on either side of her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφίπολος","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέστη","gloss":"handmaid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρέστη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κεδνὴ","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολος","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθε","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"on each side"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b18-l212","source":"τῶν δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατʼ, ἔρῳ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἔθελχθεν,","translation":"Then their knees went slack where they sat, their hearts bewitched with desire,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λύτο γούνατʼ","title":"Knees loosed by desire","body":"'Their knees were loosed' is normally a battle idiom for collapse in death; here it is wrenched to describe the suitors undone by longing. The same phrase will recur grimly when they die."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούνατ᾽","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύτο","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"λύτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went slack","note":"λύτο γούνατα 'the knees were loosed,' a Homeric formula marking overwhelming emotion or shock."},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of λύτο","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔρῳ","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθελχθεν","gloss":"with desire"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔθελχθεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔθελχθεν","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were bewitched","note":"ἔθελχθεν, aorist passive of θέλγω 'to enchant, bewitch' — Penelope's beauty magically overpowers the suitors."}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b18-l213","source":"πάντες δʼ ἠρήσαντο παραὶ λεχέεσσι κλιθῆναι.","translation":"and every one prayed to lie beside her in bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠρήσαντο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠρήσαντο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλιθῆναι","gloss":"in bed"},{"surface":"κλιθῆναι","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠρήσαντο","gloss":"to lie","note":"Aorist passive infinitive κλιθῆναι 'to be laid/to lie' completing ἠρήσαντο 'prayed' — an indirect wish construction."}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b18-l214","source":"ἡ δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχον προσεφώνεεν, ὃν φίλον υἱόν·","translation":"But she addressed Telemachus, her dear son:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"her own","note":"ὃν = possessive ἑός 'his/her own,' here referring back to the subject 'her' (Penelope) and her son."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b18-l215","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, οὐκέτι τοι φρένες ἔμπεδοι οὐδὲ\n                     νόημα·","translation":"\"Telemachus, your wits are no longer steady, nor your judgment.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδοι","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steady"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"judgment","note":"νόημα stands as a second subject with an implied verb ('nor is your judgment steady'), a common Homeric ellipsis."}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b18-l216","source":"παῖς ἔτʼ ἐὼν καὶ μᾶλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ κέρδεʼ ἐνώμας·","translation":"While still a boy you turned over shrewder thoughts in your mind;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a boy"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμας","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even","note":"καὶ here is an emphasizing particle intensifying μᾶλλον ('even more'), not a coordinating 'and'."},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμας","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"κέρδε","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνώμας","gloss":"shrewd thoughts"},{"surface":"ἐνώμας","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you turned over","note":"ἐνώμας (νωμάω) 'you kept turning over/managing' — imperfect stresses a habitual, ongoing mental sharpness as a boy."}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b18-l217","source":"νῦν δʼ, ὅτε δὴ μέγας ἐσσὶ καὶ ἥβης μέτρον ἱκάνεις,","translation":"but now, when you are grown and have reached the measure of youth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"ἐσσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥβης","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μέτρον","gloss":"of youth"},{"surface":"μέτρον","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκάνεις","gloss":"measure","note":"ἥβης μέτρον 'the measure of youth' — a formulaic phrase for reaching full young-adult stature."},{"surface":"ἱκάνεις","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you reach"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b18-l218","source":"καί κέν τις φαίη γόνον ἔμμεναι ὀλβίου ἀνδρός,","translation":"and a stranger looking at your stature and beauty","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"κέν (=ἄν) is the modal particle marking potentiality, paired with the optative φαίη ('might/would say') — not an affirming word like δή 'indeed'."},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"φαίη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"might say","note":"Optative φαίη with κέν expresses a potential/hypothetical statement a stranger might make."},{"surface":"γόνον","lemma":"γόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φαίη","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὀλβίου","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρός","gloss":"prosperous"},{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γόνον","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b18-l219","source":"ἐς μέγεθος καὶ κάλλος ὁρώμενος, ἀλλότριος φώς,","translation":"might say you were the son of a prosperous man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"μέγεθος","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάλλος","lemma":"κάλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"ὁρώμενος","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φαίη","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἀλλότριος","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"a stranger"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"man","note":"φώς, an epic-only noun for 'man,' distinct from ἀνήρ, reinforcing the elevated register of the simile."}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b18-l220","source":"οὐκέτι τοι φρένες εἰσὶν ἐναίσιμοι οὐδὲ νόημα.","translation":"your wits are no longer sound, nor your judgment.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμοι","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"judgment","note":"Repeats l215's line almost verbatim — a Homeric ring-composition device framing Penelope's rebuke."}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b18-l221","source":"οἷον δὴ τόδε ἔργον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐτύχθη,","translation":"What a thing this is that has now been done in our halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was done","note":"ἐτύχθη, aorist passive of τεύχω 'was brought about' — Homeric passive often used for events 'happening' impersonally."}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b18-l222","source":"ὃς τὸν ξεῖνον ἔασας ἀεικισθήμεναι οὕτως.","translation":"that you let the stranger be abused in such a way!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασας","gloss":"who","note":"Relative ὃς picks up Telemachus (l214) as antecedent, resuming the rebuke begun before the interjected lines."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀεικισθήμεναι","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἔασας","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ἀεικισθήμεναι","lemma":"ἀεικίζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔασας","gloss":"be abused"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀεικισθήμεναι","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b18-l223","source":"πῶς νῦν, εἴ τι ξεῖνος ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισιν","translation":"What now, if the stranger, sitting here in our house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθοι","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάθοι","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b18-l224","source":"ἥμενος ὧδε πάθοι ῥυστακτύος ἐξ ἀλεγεινῆς;","translation":"should suffer harm from such cruel rough handling?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥυστακτύος","title":"Rough handling","body":"The rare noun rhustaktys means a dragging or hauling about, hence violent manhandling. It evokes the threat Iros made earlier to drag the old man out by the foot."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάθοι","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάθοι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάθοι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"should suffer","note":"Optative πάθοι in a future-less-vivid conditional (εἴ...πάθοι) — 'what if the stranger were to suffer harm.'"},{"surface":"ῥυστακτύος","lemma":"ῥυστακτύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"rough handling"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥυστακτύος","gloss":"cruel"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b18-l225","source":"σοί κʼ αἶσχος λώβη τε μετʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέλοιτο.","translation":"Shame and disgrace before all people would come upon you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l225.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πέλοιτο","title":"Optative of consequence","body":"The optative peloito ('would come to be') states what would follow from the stranger's mistreatment, a potential outcome rather than a fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of πέλοιτο","gloss":"upon you"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (modal)"},{"surface":"αἶσχος","lemma":"αἶσχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"shame","note":"αἶσχος = 'shame,' λώβη = 'disgrace' — near-synonym doubling, typical epic emphasis."},{"surface":"λώβη","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μετ᾽","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"πέλοιτο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would come","note":"πέλοιτο is optative + κ(ε) = potential 'would come to be' — a common Homeric hedge for future outcomes."}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b18-l226","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"πεπνυμένος 'prudent/wise' is Telemachus's fixed epic epithet, recurring formulaically across books."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b18-l227","source":"μῆτερ ἐμή, τὸ μὲν οὔ σε νεμεσσῶμαι κεχολῶσθαι·","translation":"\"My mother, I do not blame you for being angry at this;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμή","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κεχολῶσθαι","gloss":"you","note":"σε is logically the subject of κεχολῶσθαι ('that you are angry') even though tagged accusative — an infinitive-clause subject in the accusative."},{"surface":"νεμεσσῶμαι","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I blame"},{"surface":"κεχολῶσθαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"being angry"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b18-l228","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θυμῷ νοέω καὶ οἶδα ἕκαστα,","translation":"but in my heart I understand and know each thing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"νοέω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know","note":"οἶδα is a perfect form used with present meaning 'I know' — a classic Greek irregular perfect-as-present verb."},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b18-l229","source":"ἐσθλά τε καὶ τὰ χέρεια· πάρος δʼ ἔτι νήπιος ἦα.","translation":"both the good and the worse; before this I was still a child.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλά","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the good things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies χέρεια","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χέρεια","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"worse things"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was","note":"ἦα is the epic imperfect 1st sg. of εἰμί, alongside classical ἦν — Homeric verb morphology varies from Attic."}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b18-l230","source":"ἀλλά τοι οὐ δύναμαι πεπνυμένα πάντα νοῆσαι·","translation":"Yet I cannot reckon every prudent course,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am able"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένα","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prudent","note":"πεπνυμένα (neut. pl.) 'sound/wise things' — same perfect stem as Telemachus's own epithet, echoing his self-description."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of νοῆσαι","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to reckon"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b18-l231","source":"ἐκ γάρ με πλήσσουσι παρήμενοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος","translation":"for these men unnerve me, sitting beside me one on this side, one on that,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλήσσουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πλήσσουσι","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unnerve"},{"surface":"παρήμενοι","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πλήσσουσι","gloss":"sitting beside"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρήμενοι","gloss":"from one side"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another","note":"ἄλλοθεν...ἄλλος is a distributive pair, 'one from here, another from there' — a common Homeric idiom for surrounding pressure."}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b18-l232","source":"οἵδε κακὰ φρονέοντες, ἐμοὶ δʼ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀρωγοί.","translation":"plotting evil, and I have no helpers.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l232.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κακὰ φρονέοντες","title":"Participle of intent","body":"The present participle phroneontes ('intending, plotting') describes the suitors' ongoing scheming and stands in apposition to the subject of the previous line."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πλήσσουσι","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέοντες","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies οἵδε","gloss":"plotting"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρωγοί","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἀρωγοί","lemma":"ἀρωγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helpers"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b18-l233","source":"οὐ μέν τοι ξείνου γε καὶ Ἴρου μῶλος ἐτύχθη","translation":"Still, the bout between the stranger and Iros did not turn out","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ξείνου","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the stranger","note":"ξείνου and Ἴρου are both genitive, dependent on μῶλος 'the fight of the stranger and of Iros' — genitive of the parties in contention."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴρου","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Iros"},{"surface":"μῶλος","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"bout"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned out"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b18-l234","source":"μνηστήρων ἰότητι, βίῃ δʼ ὅ γε φέρτερος ἦεν.","translation":"as the suitors wished; in strength the stranger proved the better.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"by the wish"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φέρτερος","gloss":"in strength","note":"βίῃ is dative of respect, 'in point of strength' — specifying in what regard the stranger was superior."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the stronger"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was","note":"ἦεν is the epic 3rd sg. imperfect of εἰμί (=ἦν), an alternate Homeric form."}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b18-l235","source":"αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον,","translation":"Would, by Father Zeus and Athena and Apollo,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l235.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γάρ","title":"Wish particle","body":"The combination ai gar introduces a wish ('would that...'), here completed by the optatives in the following lines. It is a standard Homeric way to frame a prayer or longing."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἲ γάρ introduces a wish, 'would that' — a fixed Homeric formula for optative wishes, here elliptical (verb implied later)."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b18-l236","source":"οὕτω νῦν μνηστῆρες ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισι","translation":"that the suitors now in our house","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισι","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δόμοισι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b18-l237","source":"νεύοιεν κεφαλὰς δεδμημένοι, οἱ μὲν ἐν αὐλῇ,","translation":"might droop their heads, broken down, some in the courtyard,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεύοιεν","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might droop"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of νεύοιεν","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"δεδμημένοι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to νεύοιεν","gloss":"broken down","note":"δεδμημένοι, perfect participle of δαμάζω 'subdue/tame,' vividly pictures the suitors as physically overpowered."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐλῇ","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"the courtyard"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b18-l238","source":"οἱ δʼ ἔντοσθε δόμοιο, λελῦτο δὲ γυῖα ἑκάστου,","translation":"and some inside the house, with the limbs of each gone slack,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθε","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"δόμοιο","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔντοσθε","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"λελῦτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were slack","note":"λελῦτο, pluperfect of λύω 'loosen,' vividly describes limbs gone limp — a stock Homeric image for exhaustion/death."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λελῦτο","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"of each man"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b18-l239","source":"ὡς νῦν Ἶρος κεῖνος ἐπʼ αὐλείῃσι θύρῃσιν","translation":"as now that Iros yonder, at the courtyard gates,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἶρος","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Iros"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρος","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὐλείῃσι","lemma":"αὔλειος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύρῃσιν","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"θύρῃσιν","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"gates"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b18-l240","source":"ἧσται νευστάζων κεφαλῇ, μεθύοντι ἐοικώς,","translation":"sits nodding his head, looking like a drunken man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"νευστάζων","lemma":"νευστάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσται","gloss":"nodding"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νευστάζων","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"μεθύοντι","lemma":"μεθύω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"a drunken man"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσται","gloss":"looking like","note":"μεθύοντι ἐοικώς 'like one who is drunk' — comic simile deflating the beaten braggart Iros."}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b18-l241","source":"οὐδʼ ὀρθὸς στῆναι δύναται ποσὶν οὐδὲ νέεσθαι","translation":"and cannot stand upright on his feet nor make his way","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"στῆναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to στῆναι","gloss":"on his feet"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to make his way"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b18-l242","source":"οἴκαδʼ, ὅπη οἱ νόστος, ἐπεὶ φίλα γυῖα λέλυνται.","translation":"home, wherever his road may be, since his dear limbs are slack.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l242.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστος","title":"Nostos, homecoming","body":"Nostos, the return home, is the great theme of the poem. the suitors use it ironically of the beaten Iros, who cannot even stagger back to his own lodging."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ὅπη","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"νόστος","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"way home"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λέλυνται","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"λέλυνται","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"are slack"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b18-l243","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b18-l244","source":"Εὐρύμαχος δʼ ἐπέεσσι προσηύδα Πηνελόπειαν·","translation":"and Eurymachus addressed Penelope with these words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπειαν","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b18-l245","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"\"Daughter of Icarius, thoughtful Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρον","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"περίφρων 'circumspect/prudent' is Penelope's fixed epithet, paired with her name throughout the poem."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b18-l246","source":"εἰ πάντες σε ἴδοιεν ἀνʼ Ἴασον Ἄργος Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"if all the Achaeans throughout Iasian Argos could see you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἴδοιεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἴδοιεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"could see"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"Ἴασον","lemma":"Ἴασος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"Iasian"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀν᾽","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴδοιεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b18-l247","source":"πλέονές κε μνηστῆρες ἐν ὑμετέροισι δόμοισιν","translation":"even more suitors would feast in your halls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλέονές","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (modal)"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δαινύατ᾽","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὑμετέροισι","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b18-l248","source":"ἠῶθεν δαινύατʼ, ἐπεὶ περίεσσι γυναικῶν","translation":"from dawn onward, since you surpass all women","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαινύατ᾽","gloss":"from dawn"},{"surface":"δαινύατ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would feast","note":"δαινύατ(ο) is optative (potential, with κε above) — 'would keep feasting' as an ongoing hypothetical result."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"περίεσσι","lemma":"περίειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you surpass"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of περίεσσι","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b18-l249","source":"εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε ἰδὲ φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας.","translation":"in beauty and in stature and in the balanced wit within.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l249.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας","title":"Balanced mind within","body":"The phrase praises Penelope's well-proportioned, sound judgment. phrenes are the seat of thought and feeling, and eisas ('equal, balanced') marks them as steady and sound."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδός","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"in beauty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μέγεθός","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"in stature"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"balanced","note":"φρένας ἐΐσας, literally 'balanced/sound wits within' — a compliment on Penelope's good judgment."}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b18-l250","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then thoughtful Penelope answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"thoughtful"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b18-l251","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ, ἦ τοι ἐμὴν ἀρετὴν εἶδός τε δέμας τε","translation":"\"Eurymachus, my excellence, my looks and figure,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετὴν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"εἶδός","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"figure","note":"ἀρετήν, εἶδος, δέμας are triple objects of a verb yet to come (ὤλεσαν in the next line) — a long delayed-verb list, common in Homeric syntax."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b18-l252","source":"ὤλεσαν ἀθάνατοι, ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰσανέβαινον","translation":"the immortals destroyed when the Argives set out for Ilium,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l252.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰσανέβαινον","title":"Imperfect of the departure","body":"The imperfect eisanebainon ('were going up, embarking') sets the scene of the army's setting out for Troy as ongoing background action against which her loss is fixed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλεσαν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὤλεσαν","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰσανέβαινον","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"went up against","note":"εἰσανέβαινον, imperfect 'were going up to/against,' vividly frames the ongoing march to Troy."}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b18-l253","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, μετὰ τοῖσι δʼ ἐμὸς πόσις ᾖεν Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"and among them my husband Odysseus went.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ᾖεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"went","note":"ᾖεν is the epic 3rd sg. imperfect of εἶμι 'go,' distinct from ἦν 'was' — easy to confuse but a different verb."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b18-l254","source":"εἰ κεῖνός γʼ ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι,","translation":"If he were to come and tend my life again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεῖνός","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀμφιπολεύοι","gloss":"that man","note":"κεῖνος = epic form of ἐκεῖνος, 'that man' (Odysseus)"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιπολεύοι","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies βίον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"βίον","lemma":"βίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιπολεύοι","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπολεύοι","lemma":"ἀμφιπολεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were to tend","note":"optative + εἰ expresses an unreal wish/condition: 'if he were to tend'"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b18-l255","source":"μεῖζόν κε κλέος εἴη ἐμὸν καὶ κάλλιον οὕτως.","translation":"greater would my fame be, and fairer thus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ... ἀμφιπολεύοι... κε... εἴη","title":"Future-less-vivid wish","body":"The optative protasis (amphipoleuoi) with the optative apodosis (eie + ke) frames a remote, longed-for condition: 'if he were to return... it would be.' It marks the hope as faint."}],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖζόν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάλλιον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fairer"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b18-l256","source":"νῦν δʼ ἄχομαι· τόσα γάρ μοι ἐπέσσευεν κακὰ δαίμων.","translation":"But now I grieve, for a god has loosed such evils upon me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄχομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄχομαι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I grieve","note":"middle/passive ἄχομαι, 'I am grieved/grieve'"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέσσευεν","gloss":"on me"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσευεν","lemma":"πεσσεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has hurled","note":"ἐπέσσευεν from ἐπισεύω 'drive/hurl upon', not related to πεσσεύω (board-game) despite similar lemma spelling"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπέσσευεν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέσσευεν","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων here = an unnamed divine agent bringing misfortune"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b18-l257","source":"ἦ μὲν δὴ ὅτε τʼ ᾖε λιπὼν κάτα πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"Truly, when he set out, leaving his native land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ᾖε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"he was going","note":"ᾖε, imperfect of εἶμι 'go', epic form"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾖε","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down from","note":"κάτα here is postpositive/tmesis-like, reinforcing λιπών 'leaving behind'"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b18-l258","source":"δεξιτερὴν ἐπὶ καρπῷ ἑλὼν ἐμὲ χεῖρα προσηύδα·","translation":"he took my right hand by the wrist and spoke to me:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερὴν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrist"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"προσηύδα, epic formula for addressing someone directly, often before direct speech"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b18-l259","source":"ὦ γύναι, οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"'Wife, I do not think the well-greaved Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l259.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","title":"Well-greaved Achaeans","body":"A standard epithet of the Achaeans, naming the bronze greaves worn over the shins. Such formulaic epithets fit the meter and characterize the heroes as fully armed warriors."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γύναι","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wife","note":"vocative address, Odysseus to Penelope"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think","note":"ὀΐω, epic form of οἴομαι 'I think/suppose'"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","lemma":"ἐϋκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"ἐϋκνήμιδας, standard Homeric epithet for the Achaeans (fitted with shin-guards)"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b18-l260","source":"ἐκ Τροίης εὖ πάντας ἀπήμονας ἀπονέεσθαι·","translation":"will all come safely back from Troy unscathed;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"safely"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονας","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unscathed"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to return home","note":"ἀπονέεσθαι, infinitive object of ὀΐω, epic form for 'come back'"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b18-l261","source":"καὶ γὰρ Τρῶάς φασι μαχητὰς ἔμμεναι ἄνδρας,","translation":"for they say the Trojans too are fighting men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Τρῶάς","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"μαχητὰς","lemma":"μαχητής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμμεναι, epic infinitive of εἰμί 'to be'"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b18-l262","source":"ἠμὲν ἀκοντιστὰς ἠδὲ ῥυτῆρας ὀϊστῶν","translation":"both spearmen and drawers of the bow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀκοντιστὰς","lemma":"ἀκοντιστής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spearmen"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥυτῆρας","lemma":"ῥυτήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"drawers of the bow","note":"ῥυτῆρας, lit. 'pullers' i.e. archers, governs genitive ὀιστῶν 'of arrows'"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῶν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥυτῆρας","gloss":"of arrows"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b18-l263","source":"ἵππων τʼ ὠκυπόδων ἐπιβήτορας, οἵ κε τάχιστα","translation":"and mounters of swift-footed horses, who very quickly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιβήτορας","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόδων","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"swift-footed","note":"ὠκυπόδων, compound epithet 'swift-footed', standard for horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήτορας","lemma":"ἐπιβήτωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mounters"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκριναν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκριναν","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b18-l264","source":"ἔκριναν μέγα νεῖκος ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο.","translation":"decide the great strife of leveling war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l264.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο","title":"Leveling war","body":"The epithet homoiios for war means 'leveling' or 'common to all', the strife that comes equally on every side and treats all alike. It conveys war's grim impartiality."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκριναν","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"decided","note":"ἔκριναν, gnomic/narrative aorist, 'would decide/settle'"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκριναν","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"of leveling","note":"ὁμοιΐου, 'equalizing/leveling' war, an epithet where fortune is impartial to both sides"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b18-l265","source":"τῷ οὐκ οἶδʼ ἤ κέν μʼ ἀνέσει θεός, ἦ κεν ἁλώω","translation":"So I do not know whether a god will bring me back, or whether I shall be taken","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδ᾽","gloss":"so","note":"τῷ here functions as an inferential adverb, 'therefore/so'"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"οἶδα perfect with present sense, 'I know'"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέσει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀνέσει","lemma":"ἀνέζομαι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"will bring back"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσει","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἁλώω","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"I shall be taken","note":"ἁλώω, aorist subjunctive of ἁλίσκομαι 'be captured', deliberative sense"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b18-l266","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ· σοὶ δʼ ἐνθάδε πάντα μελόντων.","translation":"there in Troy. Let all things here be your care:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l266.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μελόντων","title":"Third-person imperative","body":"melonton is a third-person plural imperative ('let them be a care'). Homeric Greek freely uses such commands directed at things rather than persons."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἁλώω","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μελόντων","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of .","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be a care","note":"μελόντων, 3rd pl. imperative 'let them be a concern', addressed to Penelope about household affairs"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b18-l267","source":"μεμνῆσθαι πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος ἐν μεγάροισιν","translation":"remember my father and mother in the halls","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l267.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μεμνῆσθαι","title":"Infinitive for command","body":"The perfect infinitive memnesthai ('to remember, keep in mind') functions as an imperative, a common Homeric usage in instructions."}],"words":[{"surface":"μεμνῆσθαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρος","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b18-l268","source":"ὡς νῦν, ἢ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐμεῦ ἀπονόσφιν ἐόντος·","translation":"as now, or even more, while I am far away;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐόντος","gloss":"I","note":"genitive absolute construction with ἐόντος: 'while I am away'"},{"surface":"ἀπονόσφιν","lemma":"ἀπονόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μᾶλλον","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b18-l269","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ παῖδα γενειήσαντα ἴδηαι,","translation":"but when you see our son grown to a beard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδηαι","gloss":"our child"},{"surface":"γενειήσαντα","lemma":"γενειάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"grown a beard","note":"γενειήσαντα, 'having grown a beard', marks a son's coming of age"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"you see"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b18-l270","source":"γήμασθʼ ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, τεὸν κατὰ δῶμα λιποῦσα.","translation":"marry whomever you wish, and leave your house behind.'","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήμασθ","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whomever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of γήμασθ᾽","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατά in tmesis with λιποῦσα, 'leaving behind (down through)' the house"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λιποῦσα","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"λιποῦσα","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to γήμασθ᾽","gloss":"leaving"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b18-l271","source":"κεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα\n                     τελεῖται.","translation":"So he spoke; and now all this is being fulfilled.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"τὼς","lemma":"τώς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελεῖται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελεῖται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελεῖται","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is being fulfilled"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b18-l272","source":"νὺξ δʼ ἔσται ὅτε δὴ στυγερὸς γάμος ἀντιβολήσει","translation":"There will come a night when a hateful marriage will meet me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στυγερὸς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμος","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"γάμος","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀντιβολήσει","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολήσει","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"will meet"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b18-l273","source":"οὐλομένης ἐμέθεν, τῆς τε Ζεὺς ὄλβον ἀπηύρα.","translation":"wretched as I am, whose happiness Zeus has taken away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπηύρα","title":"Took away by force","body":"apeura (from apaurao) means to snatch or strip away. Penelope says Zeus himself stripped her of her olbos, her prosperity and joy."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλομένης","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀντιβολήσει","gloss":"cursed","note":"οὐλομένης, 'accursed/wretched', modifies ἐμέθεν 'me', a formulaic self-lament"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of οὐλομένης","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄλβον","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐμέθεν","gloss":"took away","note":"ἀπηύρα, epic aorist of ἀπαυράω 'take away by force'"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b18-l274","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει·","translation":"But this dread grief comes upon my heart and spirit:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"κραδίας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes upon"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b18-l275","source":"μνηστήρων οὐχ ἥδε δίκη τὸ πάροιθε τέτυκτο·","translation":"this was not the suitors' way in time gone by.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l275.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δίκη","title":"Dike, custom","body":"Here dike means the established way or proper custom of courting, not abstract justice. Penelope contrasts the suitors' greed with the honorable practice of the past."}],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δίκη","gloss":"of suitors"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies δίκη","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δίκη","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"custom","note":"δίκη here means 'way/custom', not 'justice' in the legal sense"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάροιθε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάροιθε","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"formerly"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was","note":"τέτυκτο, pluperfect of τεύχω used as 'was/existed', common epic idiom"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b18-l276","source":"οἵ τʼ ἀγαθήν τε γυναῖκα καὶ ἀφνειοῖο θύγατρα","translation":"Those who wish to court a noble woman, the daughter","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀγαθήν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφνειοῖο","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θύγατρα","gloss":"of a wealthy man"},{"surface":"θύγατρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"daughter"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b18-l277","source":"μνηστεύειν ἐθέλωσι καὶ ἀλλήλοις ἐρίσωσιν,","translation":"of a wealthy man, and vie with one another,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστεύειν","lemma":"μνηστεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλωσι","gloss":"to court","note":"μνηστεύειν, 'to woo/court', root of μνηστήρ 'suitor'"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοις","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρίσωσιν","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἐρίσωσιν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"vie"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b18-l278","source":"αὐτοὶ τοί γʼ ἀπάγουσι βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα,","translation":"themselves bring oxen and fat sheep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves","note":"αὐτοί contrasts proper suitors who bring their own gifts, unlike Penelope's suitors"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπάγουσι","lemma":"ἀπάγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"βόας","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφια","lemma":"ἴφιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b18-l279","source":"κούρης δαῖτα φίλοισι, καὶ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα διδοῦσιν·","translation":"a feast for the girl's friends, and give splendid gifts;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φίλοισι","gloss":"of the girl"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαί᾽ς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"for friends"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διδοῦσιν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"διδοῦσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b18-l280","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀλλότριον βίοτον νήποινον ἔδουσιν.","translation":"they do not devour another's living without recompense.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l280.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήποινον","title":"Without recompense","body":"nepoinon means unpunished or unpaid for, with no penalty rendered. It is the same word later used of the suitors dying 'unavenged'; here it brands their feasting as theft."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλλότριον","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"νήποινον","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔδουσιν","gloss":"without recompense","note":"νήποινον, 'unpaid/unrecompensed', condemning the suitors' freeloading"},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they eat"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b18-l281","source":"ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So she spoke, and much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l281.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Much-enduring Odysseus","body":"polytlas dios Odysseus ('much-enduring noble Odysseus') is a fixed nominative formula filling the verse end. Such name-epithet phrases are building blocks of oral hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας, standard epithet for Odysseus, 'much-enduring'"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b18-l282","source":"οὕνεκα τῶν μὲν δῶρα παρέλκετο, θέλγε δὲ θυμὸν","translation":"because she drew gifts from them, and charmed their hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"from them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παρέλκετο","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"παρέλκετο","lemma":"παρέλκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"she drew out","note":"παρέλκετο 'drew along/out' = strung suitors along for gifts, epic irony of Penelope's ruse"},{"surface":"θέλγε","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"she charmed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέλγε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b18-l283","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι, νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοίνα.","translation":"with coaxing words, though her mind was set on other things.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοίνα","title":"Mind bent elsewhere","body":"menoina is imperfect ('kept intending'), marking the steady, hidden purpose of Penelope's noos behind her sweet words. The clause exposes her cunning."}],"words":[{"surface":"μειλιχίοις","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"coaxing","note":"μειλίχιος 'gentle, soothing' — often popularly linked to μέλι 'honey,' but that etymology is uncertain/disputed, not an established fact"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θέλγε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μενοίνα","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μενοίνα","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"μενοίνα","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"was set on","note":"μενοίνα 'kept desiring/intending' — imperfect stresses her ongoing hidden purpose vs. surface charm"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b18-l284","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος προσέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός,","translation":"Then Antinous addressed her, the son of Eupeithes:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed","note":"προσέφη, epic formulaic verb of direct speech introducing a suitor's reply"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b18-l285","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"\"Daughter of Icarius, thoughtful Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter","note":"vocative epic address; κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο 'daughter of Icarius' is a formulaic epithet-phrase for Penelope"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρον","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"περίφρων, a standing epithet for Penelope meaning 'circumspect/very shrewd'"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b18-l286","source":"δῶρα μὲν ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν ἐνθάδʼ ἐνεῖκαι,","translation":"whatever gifts any of the Achaeans wishes to bring here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξασθ᾽","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κ(ε) = κέν, the Homeric equivalent of ἄν marking indefinite 'whoever wishes'"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐνεῖκαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐνεῖκαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"to bring"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b18-l287","source":"δέξασθʼ. οὐ γὰρ καλὸν ἀνήνασθαι δόσιν ἐστίν·","translation":"accept them; for it is not right to refuse a gift.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l287.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δέξασθʼ","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"dexasthe is an aorist middle imperative ('accept!'), a single decisive command. The middle voice marks the action as done for the subject's own benefit."}],"words":[{"surface":"δέξασθ","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object","gloss":"accept!","note":"aorist middle imperative δέξασθ(ε) — command to the suitors themselves, 'you all accept/take'"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right/good"},{"surface":"ἀνήνασθαι","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"to refuse","note":"ἀναίνομαι 'refuse, disdain' — infinitive subject of ἐστίν, 'to refuse is not good'"},{"surface":"δόσιν","lemma":"δόσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνήνασθαι","gloss":"a gift"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b18-l288","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔτʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα πάρος γʼ ἴμεν οὔτε πῃ ἄλλῃ,","translation":"But we will not go to our work or anywhere else","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go","note":"ἴμεν, epic present of εἶμι used with future sense — 'we will not go'"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"object","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies πῃ","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b18-l289","source":"πρίν γέ σε τῷ γήμασθαι Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος.","translation":"until you marry whichever of the Achaeans is best.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of γήμασθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γήμασθαι","gloss":"to that man","note":"dative τῷ 'to him' referring ahead to whoever proves ἄριστος — the future husband"},{"surface":"γήμασθαι","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"[indefinite]"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b18-l290","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος·","translation":"So spoke Antinous, and his words pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφατ(ο), epic formula closing a speech, 'thus he spoke'"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἐφανδάνω 'was pleasing to' governs dative τοῖσιν — the suitors readily approved the scheme"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"speech"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b18-l291","source":"δῶρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰσέμεναι πρόεσαν κήρυκα ἕκαστος.","translation":"Each man sent a herald to fetch his gifts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἰσέμεναι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἰσέμεναι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρόεσαν","gloss":"to fetch"},{"surface":"πρόεσαν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth","note":"προίημι 'send forth' — aorist marks the single decisive act of dispatching heralds"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρόεσαν","gloss":"a herald"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of πρόεσαν","gloss":"each man"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b18-l292","source":"Ἀντινόῳ μὲν ἔνεικε μέγαν περικαλλέα πέπλον,","translation":"For Antinous a herald brought a great, lovely robe,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντινόῳ","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"for Antinous"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"very lovely"},{"surface":"πέπλον","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"robe"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b18-l293","source":"ποικίλον· ἐν δʼ ἀρʼ ἔσαν περόναι δυοκαίδεκα πᾶσαι","translation":"richly embroidered; on it were twelve brooches in all,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"richly embroidered"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]","note":"lemma marked 'unknown' by the treebank; ἄρ(α) here is the ordinary inferential particle, not a separate word"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"περόναι","lemma":"περόνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"brooches"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b18-l294","source":"χρύσειαι, κληῗσιν ἐϋγνάμπτοις ἀραρυῖαι.","translation":"of gold, fitted with well-curved clasps.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσειαι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"κληῗσιν","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖαι","gloss":"clasps"},{"surface":"ἐϋγνάμπτοις","lemma":"εὔγναμπτος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗσιν","gloss":"well-curved"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαι","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fitted","note":"ἀραρυῖαι, perfect participle of ἀραρίσκω 'to fit tightly' — stative perfect stresses the finished, secure craftsmanship"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b18-l295","source":"ὅρμον δʼ Εὐρυμάχῳ πολυδαίδαλον αὐτίκʼ ἔνεικε.","translation":"For Eurymachus a herald at once brought an intricate necklace,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρμον","lemma":"ὅρμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρυμάχῳ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"for Eurymachus"},{"surface":"πολυδαίδαλον","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρμον","gloss":"richly wrought","note":"πολυδαίδαλος 'very cunningly worked' — root δαίδαλ- as in Daedalus, marking master craftsmanship"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνεικε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b18-l296","source":"χρύσεον, ἠλέκτροισιν ἐερμένον ἠέλιον ὥς.","translation":"of gold, strung with amber beads, like the sun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἠλέκτροισιν","lemma":"ἤλεκτρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐερμένον","gloss":"amber beads"},{"surface":"ἐερμένον","lemma":"εἴρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"strung","note":"ἐερμένον, perfect passive participle of εἴρω 'to string together' — describes beads threaded on the necklace"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b18-l297","source":"ἕρματα δʼ Εὐρυδάμαντι δύω θεράποντες ἔνεικαν,","translation":"For Eurydamas two attendants brought earrings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρματα","lemma":"ἕρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"earrings"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρυδάμαντι","lemma":"Εὐρυδάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"for Eurydamas"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἕρματα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"ἔνεικαν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b18-l298","source":"τρίγληνα μορόεντα· χάρις δʼ ἀπελάμπετο πολλή.","translation":"with three drops like mulberries; great grace shone from them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l298.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χάρις","title":"Charis, gleaming grace","body":"charis is the radiant beauty or charm that seems to shine from a fine object. Here it 'flashed out' from the earrings, a quality both of craft and of allure."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρίγληνα","lemma":"τρίγληνος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"three-drop","note":"τρίγληνος 'with three eyes/drops' describing earring pendants — a vivid concrete epic adjective"},{"surface":"μορόεντα","lemma":"μορόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"like mulberries"},{"surface":"χάρις","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπελάμπετο","gloss":"grace/charm"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπελάμπετο","lemma":"ἀπολάμπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone forth","note":"ἀπολάμπω 'shine/gleam from' — imperfect, ongoing gleam of the jewels' beauty"},{"surface":"πολλή","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάρις","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b18-l299","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄρα Πεισάνδροιο Πολυκτορίδαο ἄνακτος","translation":"And from lord Peisander, son of Polyctor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Πεισάνδροιο","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Peisander"},{"surface":"Πολυκτορίδαο","lemma":"Πολυκτορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πεισάνδροιο","gloss":"son of Polyctor"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πεισάνδροιο","gloss":"lord","note":"ἄναξ, honorific 'lord/master' appended to name — formulaic epic title for a nobleman"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b18-l300","source":"ἴσθμιον ἤνεικεν θεράπων, περικαλλὲς ἄγαλμα.","translation":"an attendant brought a choker, a most beautiful ornament.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσθμιον","lemma":"ἴσθμιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"choker/necklace"},{"surface":"ἤνεικεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤνεικεν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"περικαλλὲς","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄγαλμα","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"ἄγαλμα","lemma":"ἄγαλμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"ornament","note":"ἄγαλμα 'glory, delight, precious ornament' — apposition praising the choker's splendor"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b18-l301","source":"ἄλλο δʼ ἄρʼ ἄλλος δῶρον Ἀχαιῶν καλὸν ἔνεικεν.","translation":"And each of the Achaeans brought some other fine gift.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρον","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔνεικεν","gloss":"another man","note":"ἄλλο...ἄλλος 'one thing...another man' — distributive doubling, each suitor a different gift"},{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνεικεν","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρον","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἔνεικεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b18-l302","source":"ἡ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀνέβαινʼ ὑπερώϊα δῖα γυναικῶν,","translation":"Then the noble woman went up to her upper chamber,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέβαιν᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνέβαιν","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"ὑπερώϊα","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέβαιν᾽","gloss":"upper chamber"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖα, epic epithet 'divine/noble' applied to women of high standing like Penelope"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b18-l303","source":"τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ ἀμφίπολοι ἔφερον περικαλλέα δῶρα","translation":"and her handmaids carried the lovely gifts along with her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"with her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολοι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἔφερον","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"ἔφερον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφερον","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b18-l304","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς ὀρχηστύν τε καὶ ἱμερόεσσαν ἀοιδὴν","translation":"But the suitors turned to dancing and to lovely song","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέρποντο","gloss":"they (suitors)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστύν","lemma":"ὀρχηστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"dancing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεσσαν","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"lovely/desired"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b18-l305","source":"τρεψάμενοι τέρποντο, μένον δʼ ἐπὶ ἕσπερον ἐλθεῖν.","translation":"and took their delight, waiting for evening to come.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεψάμενοι","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντο","gloss":"having turned","note":"τρεψάμενοι, aorist middle participle 'having turned (themselves)' to dancing and song"},{"surface":"τέρποντο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took delight"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἕσπερον","lemma":"ἕσπερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b18-l306","source":"τοῖσι δὲ τερπομένοισι μέλας ἐπὶ ἕσπερος ἦλθεν.","translation":"And as they took their pleasure, dark evening came upon them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l306.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τερπομένοισι","title":"Dative participle of attendant action","body":"The present participle terpomenoisi ('as they were taking their delight') agrees with the dative toisi, framing the suitors' enjoyment as the moment evening fell."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τερπομένοισι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they delighted","note":"τερπομένοισι, present participle 'taking pleasure' — describes ongoing revelry as evening falls"},{"surface":"μέλας","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕσπερος","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἕσπερος","lemma":"ἕσπερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b18-l307","source":"αὐτίκα λαμπτῆρας τρεῖς ἵστασαν ἐν μεγάροισιν,","translation":"At once they set up three braziers in the halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵστασαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"λαμπτῆρας","lemma":"λαμπτήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵστασαν","gloss":"braziers","note":"λαμπτήρ, a standing brazier/torch-stand for lighting a hall — concrete epic household detail"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λαμπτῆρας","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"ἵστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b18-l308","source":"ὄφρα φαείνοιεν· περὶ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα θῆκαν,","translation":"to give light; and around them they laid dry firewood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φαείνοιεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might give light","note":"optative φαείνοιεν after ὄφρα expresses purpose, 'so that they would shine'"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκαν","gloss":"firewood"},{"surface":"κάγκανα","lemma":"κάγκανος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξύλα","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"θῆκαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b18-l309","source":"αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, νέον κεκεασμένα χαλκῷ,","translation":"seasoned long ago, well dried, freshly split with bronze;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖα","lemma":"αὖος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αὖα","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"περίκηλα","lemma":"περίκηλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"well-seasoned"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεκεασμένα","gloss":"freshly"},{"surface":"κεκεασμένα","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"split","note":"κεκεασμένα, perfect passive participle of κεάζω 'split (wood)' — vivid domestic realism, freshly cut with bronze"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκεασμένα","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b18-l310","source":"καὶ δαΐδας μετέμισγον· ἀμοιβηδὶς δʼ ἀνέφαινον","translation":"and they mixed in torches. By turns they tended the flame,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαΐδας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετέμισγον","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"μετέμισγον","lemma":"μεταμίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed in","note":"μετα- prefix 'in among': they added torches to the fires already burning."},{"surface":"ἀμοιβηδὶς","lemma":"ἀμοιβηδίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέφαινον","gloss":"by turns"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέφαινον","lemma":"ἀναφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tended (the flame)","note":"ἀναφαίνω lit. 'make blaze up'; here of keeping torches lit."}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b18-l311","source":"δμῳαὶ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος. αὐτὰρ ὁ τῇσιν","translation":"the slave women of steadfast Odysseus. But to them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέφαινον","gloss":"slave women"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δμῳαὶ","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"steadfast","note":"ταλασίφρων 'enduring-minded', a stock Odysseus epithet marking his patience."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῇσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b18-l312","source":"αὐτὸς διογενῆς μετέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Odysseus himself, the resourceful, Zeus-born, spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l312.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διογενῆς... πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Zeus-born, resourceful Odysseus","body":"diogenes ('sprung from Zeus') and polymetis ('of many wiles') are two of the hero's stock epithets, here stacked at the verse end. The line is a full name-formula closing the speech introduction."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"διογενῆς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"διογενής, formulaic epithet for heroes descended from Zeus's line."},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις 'of many wiles', Odysseus's signature epithet."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b18-l313","source":"δμῳαὶ Ὀδυσσῆος, δὴν οἰχομένοιο ἄνακτος,","translation":"\"Slave women of Odysseus, your lord so long gone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"slave women","note":"vocative address opening his speech to the maids."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"gone away","note":"οἴχομαι participle: 'your lord who has long been gone' — Odysseus speaks of himself in disguise."},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b18-l314","source":"ἔρχεσθε πρὸς δώμαθʼ, ἵνʼ αἰδοίη βασίλεια·","translation":"go to the rooms where the honored queen is;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"rooms"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βασίλεια","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"βασίλεια","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b18-l315","source":"τῇ δὲ παρʼ ἠλάκατα στροφαλίζετε, τέρπετε δʼ αὐτὴν","translation":"turn the spindles beside her, and gladden her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"beside her","note":"dative τῇ resumes 'her' (Penelope) as location, governed loosely by παρ᾽."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἠλάκατα","lemma":"ἠλάκατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στροφαλίζετε","gloss":"spindles"},{"surface":"στροφαλίζετε","lemma":"στροφαλίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"τέρπετε","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gladden"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of τέρπετε","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b18-l316","source":"ἥμεναι ἐν μεγάρῳ, ἢ εἴρια πείκετε χερσίν·","translation":"sitting in the hall, or comb the wool with your hands;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμεναι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to τέρπετε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἴρια","lemma":"ἔριον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πείκετε","gloss":"wool"},{"surface":"πείκετε","lemma":"πέκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comb"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πείκετε","gloss":"with hands"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b18-l317","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τούτοισι φάος πάντεσσι παρέξω.","translation":"but I will furnish light for all these men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τούτοισι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of παρέξω","gloss":"for these men"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρέξω","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τούτοισι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"παρέξω","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will furnish"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b18-l318","source":"ἤν περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλωσιν ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ μίμνειν,","translation":"For even if they should choose to wait for fair-throned Dawn,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l318.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ","title":"Fair-throned Dawn","body":"euthronos Eos ('fair-throned Dawn') personifies the dawn as a goddess on her throne, one of Homer's many Dawn epithets. The accusative marks her as object of 'wait for'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if","note":"ἤν = εἰ + ἄν, introducing a vivid future condition."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"should wish"},{"surface":"ἐΰθρονον","lemma":"εὔθρονος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"fair-throned","note":"ἐΰθρονος, a Homeric epithet reserved for Dawn (Ἠώς)."},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μίμνειν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"μίμνειν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλωσιν","gloss":"to wait for"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b18-l319","source":"οὔ τί με νικήσουσι· πολυτλήμων δὲ μάλʼ εἰμί.","translation":"they will not outlast me; I am very enduring.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to νικήσουσι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νικήσουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νικήσουσι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will outlast"},{"surface":"πολυτλήμων","lemma":"πολυτλήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"very enduring","note":"πολυτλήμων used as predicate noun/adjective — Odysseus boasts of his own epithet-quality."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"εἰμί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b18-l320","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἱ δʼ ἐγέλασσαν, ἐς ἀλλήλας δὲ\n                  ἴδοντο.","translation":"So he spoke, and they laughed and looked at one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγέλασσαν","gloss":"they (fem.)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγέλασσαν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλας","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδοντο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked","note":"ἴδοντο, aorist middle of εἶδον — mutual glance, middle voice stresses the exchanged look."}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b18-l321","source":"τὸν δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἐνένιπε Μελανθὼ καλλιπάρῃος,","translation":"Then fair-cheeked Melantho rebuked him shamefully,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνένιπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰσχρῶς","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνένιπε","gloss":"shamefully"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"Μελανθὼ","lemma":"Μελανθώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐνένιπε","gloss":"Melantho"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃος","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μελανθὼ","gloss":"fair-cheeked","note":"καλλιπάρῃος, ironic epithet — beauty paired with her coming cruelty."}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b18-l322","source":"τὴν Δολίος μὲν ἔτικτε, κόμισσε δὲ Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"whom Dolius had fathered, but Penelope reared,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτικτε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Δολίος","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔτικτε","gloss":"Dolius"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτικτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"had fathered"},{"surface":"κόμισσε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"reared","note":"κόμισσε 'took care of/raised' — Penelope fostered Melantho as her own."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b18-l323","source":"παῖδα δὲ ὣς ἀτίταλλε, δίδου δʼ ἄρʼ ἀθύρματα θυμῷ·","translation":"and cherished her like her own child, giving her toys for her delight;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l323.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀτίταλλε... δίδου","title":"Imperfects of upbringing","body":"The imperfects atitalle ('kept rearing') and didou ('kept giving') depict Penelope's care for Melantho as habitual, drawn-out action, deepening the betrayal that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"as a child"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀτίταλλε","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"cherished"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀθύρματα","lemma":"ἄθυρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"toys"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀθύρματα","gloss":"for her heart","note":"θυμῷ dative of purpose/interest: toys given 'to delight her spirit'."}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b18-l324","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς ἔχε πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ Πηνελοπείης,","translation":"yet even so she had no grief in her heart for Penelope,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείης","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"for Penelope","note":"genitive of the person the grief concerns — ironic, since Melantho betrays her foster-mother."}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b18-l325","source":"ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ Εὐρυμάχῳ μισγέσκετο καὶ φιλέεσκεν.","translation":"but used to lie with Eurymachus and love him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μισγέσκετο... φιλέεσκεν","title":"Iterative -sk- forms","body":"The suffix -sk- marks habitual, repeated action: she 'kept lying with' and 'kept loving' Eurymachus. This Homeric iterative makes her treachery ongoing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Εὐρυμάχῳ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μισγέσκετο","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"μισγέσκετο","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to lie with","note":"iterative -σκ- imperfect, marking a repeated, ongoing affair."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλέεσκεν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to love"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b18-l326","source":"ἥ ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆʼ ἐνένιπεν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσιν·","translation":"She it was who rebuked Odysseus with insulting words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ὀνειδείοις","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"insulting"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b18-l327","source":"ξεῖνε τάλαν, σύ γέ τις φρένας ἐκπεπαταγμένος\n                     ἐσσί,","translation":"\"Wretched stranger, you must be someone struck out of your wits,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l327.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐκπεπαταγμένος","title":"Struck out of one's wits","body":"The perfect participle ekpepatagmenos (from ekpatasso, 'to strike out') describes someone whose senses have been knocked clean away, hence crazed. The perfect marks a settled, present state."}],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"τάλαν","lemma":"τάλας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκπεπαταγμένος","gloss":"in wits","note":"φρένας, accusative of respect: 'struck senseless in your wits'."},{"surface":"ἐκπεπαταγμένος","lemma":"ἐκπατάσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"struck senseless"},{"surface":"ἐσσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b18-l328","source":"οὐδʼ ἐθέλεις εὕδειν χαλκήϊον ἐς δόμον ἐλθών,","translation":"since you are not willing to go and sleep in a smithy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are willing"},{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"χαλκήϊον","lemma":"χαλκήιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"smith's"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὕδειν","gloss":"going","note":"aorist participle of ἔρχομαι sequencing before εὕδειν: 'go and sleep'."}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b18-l329","source":"ἠέ που ἐς λέσχην, ἀλλʼ ἐνθάδε πόλλʼ ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"or in some lounging-place, but here you make many speeches,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"λέσχην","lemma":"λέσχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"lounging-place"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you make speeches"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b18-l330","source":"θαρσαλέως πολλοῖσι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ","translation":"boldly, among many men, and in your heart you feel no","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσαλέως","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"boldly"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖς","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖς","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b18-l331","source":"ταρβεῖς· ἦ ῥά σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας, ἤ νύ τοι αἰεὶ","translation":"you feel no fear. Surely wine has hold of your wits, or else","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρβεῖς","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you feel fear","note":"ταρβεῖς completes the sentence begun in the prior line — enjambment across lines."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has hold of"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"your","note":"dative of possession with νόος: 'your mind is always thus'."},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b18-l332","source":"τοιοῦτος νόος ἐστίν· ὃ καὶ μεταμώνια βάζεις.","translation":"your mind is always like this — that is why you babble such nonsense.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦτος","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"which","note":"ὅ here works like 'and that is why', a relative pronoun used causally."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μεταμώνια","lemma":"μεταμώνιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βάζεις","gloss":"vain, idle things","note":"μεταμώνια lit. 'things blown by the wind' — babble that comes to nothing."},{"surface":"βάζεις","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὃ","gloss":"you babble"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b18-l333","source":"ἦ ἀλύεις, ὅτι Ἶρον ἐνίκησας τὸν ἀλήτην;","translation":"Are you beside yourself because you beat the tramp Iros?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλύεις","title":"Beside oneself","body":"ἀλύω means to be distraught or out of one's senses, here with a taunting edge: 'have you lost your head?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἀλύεις","lemma":"ἀλύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you beside yourself"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Ἶρον","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Iros"},{"surface":"ἐνίκησας","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"you beat"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἀλήτην","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tramp"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b18-l334","source":"μή τίς τοι τάχα Ἴρου ἀμείνων ἄλλος ἀναστῇ,","translation":"Take care that no better man than Iros soon rises up against you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναστῇ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀναστῇ","gloss":"against you"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναστῇ","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"Ἴρου","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμείνων","gloss":"than Iros","note":"genitive of comparison with ἀμείνων: 'better than Iros'."},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀναστῇ","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise up"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b18-l335","source":"ὅς τίς σʼ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι","translation":"one who batters your head with his strong hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκπέμψῃσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κεκοπὼς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κεκοπὼς","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέμψῃσι","gloss":"having struck","note":"κεκοπὼς perfect participle, vivid image of a finished blow before the main verb."},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κεκοπὼς","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"στιβαρῇσι","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b18-l336","source":"δώματος ἐκπέμψῃσι, φορύξας αἵματι πολλῷ.","translation":"and drives you out of the house, smeared with much blood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώματος","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέμψῃσι","gloss":"from the house"},{"surface":"ἐκπέμψῃσι","lemma":"ἐκπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τίς","gloss":"drives out"},{"surface":"φορύξας","lemma":"φορύσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέμψῃσι","gloss":"smearing","note":"φορύξας aorist participle 'having smeared' — the beating leaves him drenched in blood."},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φορύξας","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"πολλῷ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἵματι","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b18-l337","source":"τὴν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then, with a dark look at her, resourceful Odysseus replied:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l337.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών","title":"Looking from under the brows","body":"A fixed Homeric phrase for a glaring, angry look directed at someone before a sharp reply."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"with a dark look","note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, a Homeric formula for an angry glance before speaking."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"replied"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b18-l338","source":"ἦ τάχα Τηλεμάχῳ ἐρέω, κύον, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"\"I will go straight to Telemachus, you bitch, and tell him what you say,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l338.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύον","title":"'Bitch' as insult","body":"κύον (vocative of κύων, 'dog') is a standard term of abuse in Homer, used of shameless or insolent women."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"straightway"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell","note":"Future ἐρῶ (root ἐρ-) supplies the future of φημί/λέγω — a suppletive stem."},{"surface":"κύον","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you bitch","note":"Vocative insult; no verb governs it directly, hurled as a bare exclamation."},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"what things"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b18-l339","source":"κεῖσʼ ἐλθών, ἵνα σʼ αὖθι διὰ μελεϊστὶ τάμῃσιν.","translation":"going over there, so that he may cut you to pieces on the spot.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθών","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τάμῃσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμῃσιν","gloss":"on the spot"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly","note":"διά used adverbially with μελεϊστί for emphasis, not as a normal preposition here."},{"surface":"μελεϊστὶ","lemma":"μελειστί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμῃσιν","gloss":"limb from limb"},{"surface":"τάμῃσιν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may cut","note":"Aorist subjunctive with ἵνα expresses purpose: 'so that he may cut.'"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b18-l340","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐπέεσσι διεπτοίησε γυναῖκας.","translation":"So speaking, with his words he scattered the women in terror.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διεπτοίησε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διεπτοίησε","gloss":"with words","note":"ἔπεσσι, epic dative plural of ἔπος, instrumental 'with (his) words.'"},{"surface":"διεπτοίησε","lemma":"διαπτοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διεπτοίησε","gloss":"the women"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b18-l341","source":"βὰν δʼ ἴμεναι διὰ δῶμα, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα ἑκάστης","translation":"They went off through the house, and the knees of each gave way","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went","note":"Epic 3rd pl. aorist βὰν (for ἔβησαν) paired with the infinitive ἴμεναι — 'went to go.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βὰν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"λύθεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way","note":"λύθεν, epic 3rd pl. aorist passive (for ἐλύθησαν) — 'were loosened.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύθεν","gloss":"the knees"},{"surface":"ἑκάστης","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"of each"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b18-l342","source":"ταρβοσύνῃ· φὰν γάρ μιν ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι.","translation":"with fright, for they thought he spoke the truth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρβοσύνῃ","lemma":"ταρβοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λύθεν","gloss":"in fright"},{"surface":"φὰν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they thought"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀληθέα","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"true things"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φὰν","gloss":"to have spoken"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b18-l343","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ πὰρ λαμπτῆρσι φαείνων αἰθομένοισιν","translation":"But he took his stand beside the blazing braziers, giving light,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑστήκειν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"λαμπτῆρσι","lemma":"λαμπτήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"the braziers"},{"surface":"φαείνων","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκειν","gloss":"giving light"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοισιν","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies λαμπτῆρσι","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b18-l344","source":"ἑστήκειν ἐς πάντας ὁρώμενος· ἄλλα δέ οἱ κῆρ","translation":"looking at them all; yet his heart was busy with other things","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκειν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken his stand","note":"Perfect ἑστήκειν used with present force — 'stood, was standing' as a fixed state."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"all (of them)"},{"surface":"ὁρώμενος","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκειν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"other things","note":"Odysseus keeps a calm outward pose while his heart is inwardly plotting revenge on the suitors."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b18-l345","source":"ὥρμαινε φρεσὶν ᾗσιν, ἅ ῥʼ οὐκ ἀτέλεστα γένοντο.","translation":"that turned in his mind — things that would not go unfulfilled.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pondering"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ὥρμαινε","gloss":"in his mind"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own","note":"ᾗσιν is possessive ἑός, 'his own' — epic 3rd-person possessive adjective, not a simple pronoun."},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"things which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀτέλεστα","lemma":"ἀτέλεστος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfulfilled"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλα","gloss":"turned out","note":"Foreshadowing: 'not unfulfilled' signals the suitors' doom is already sealed in the narrative."}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b18-l346","source":"μνηστῆρας δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἀγήνορας εἴα Ἀθήνη","translation":"Athena would not let the proud suitors hold back at all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσχεσθαι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσχεσθαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήρωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud/overbearing"},{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let, allowed","note":"Athena is the hidden agent behind the suitors' continued arrogance — a divine-machinery moment."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b18-l347","source":"λώβης ἴσχεσθαι θυμαλγέος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον","translation":"from heart-galling outrage, so that grief might bite still deeper","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λώβης","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴσχεσθαι","gloss":"from outrage"},{"surface":"ἴσχεσθαι","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"to hold back"},{"surface":"θυμαλγέος","lemma":"θυμαλγής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώβης","gloss":"heart-galling"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύη","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b18-l348","source":"δύη ἄχος κραδίην Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"into the heart of Odysseus, son of Laertes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l348.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Λαερτιάδεω","title":"Patronymic in the genitive","body":"Λαερτιάδεω is the genitive of the patronymic 'son of Laertes,' modifying Odysseus; the long -εω ending is the Homeric form of the genitive singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"δύη","lemma":"δυάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"sank in","note":"δύη, epic imperfect active indicative of δύω 'sink into' — grief pictured entering the heart like a weapon."},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δύη","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δύη","gloss":"the heart"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδεω","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κραδίην","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b18-l349","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν,","translation":"Among them Eurymachus, son of Polybus, began to speak,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b18-l350","source":"κερτομέων Ὀδυσῆα· γέλω δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἔτευχε.","translation":"mocking Odysseus and raising a laugh among his companions:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κερτομέων","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κερτομέων","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"γέλω","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτευχε","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτευχε","gloss":"for his companions"},{"surface":"ἔτευχε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised, stirred up"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b18-l351","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης,","translation":"\"Hear me, you suitors of the glorious queen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε, epic aorist imperative (root κλυ-) used as a formulaic command opening a speech, 'hear!'"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτῆς","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλείης","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"βασιλείης","lemma":"βασιλεία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"of the queen"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b18-l352","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may say what the heart in my breast bids me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may say"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what things"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"my breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b18-l353","source":"οὐκ ἀθεεὶ ὅδʼ ἀνὴρ Ὀδυσήϊον ἐς δόμον ἵκει·","translation":"Not without a god's will has this man come to the house of Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐκ ἀθεεί","title":"'Not without a god'","body":"ἀθεεί means 'without divine help.' The litotes (a negation softening an assertion) hints, ironically, that divine purpose really is at work here."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀθεεὶ","lemma":"ἀθεεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκει","gloss":"godlessly","note":"ἀθεεί, 'without a god,' epic adverb implying divine will guides the stranger's arrival — dramatic irony, since it is Odysseus himself."},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσήϊον","lemma":"Ὀδύσσειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Odysseus'"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b18-l354","source":"ἔμπης μοι δοκέει δαίδων σέλας ἔμμεναι αὐτοῦ","translation":"At any rate the gleam of the torches seems to me to come from him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοκέει","gloss":"still, at any rate"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοκέει","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"δαίδων","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies σέλας","gloss":"of torches"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to be","note":"Eurymachus mocks Odysseus' bald head, joking the torchlight glare comes off his own scalp."},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σέλας","gloss":"his (own)"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b18-l355","source":"κὰκ κεφαλῆς, ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι τρίχες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί.","translation":"from his head, since there is not a hair on it, not the least.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κὰκ","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"τρίχες","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"ἠβαιαί","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρίχες","gloss":"even a few","note":"οὐδ᾽ ἠβαιαί, litotes: 'not even a few' — sharpens the taunt about baldness."}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b18-l356","source":"ἦ ῥʼ, ἅμα τε προσέειπεν Ὀδυσσῆα πτολίπορθον·","translation":"He spoke, and at once addressed Odysseus, sacker of cities:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πτολίπορθον","title":"Epithet 'sacker of cities'","body":"πτολίπορθος is a standing epithet of Odysseus, here in the accusative agreeing with the object Odysseus. Such formulaic epithets fill metrical slots in the hexameter line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ, an epic aorist/imperfect of φημί used as a narrative tag introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθον","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"Formulaic epithet πτολίπορθος, 'city-sacker,' Odysseus' standard heroic title from the Trojan War."}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b18-l357","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἦ ἄρ κʼ ἐθέλοις θητευέμεν, εἴ σʼ ἀνελοίμην,","translation":"\"Stranger, would you be willing to work for hire, if I took you on,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would you wish","note":"Optative with κε/ἄν = polite/potential 'would you be willing' — a mocking, faux-courteous offer."},{"surface":"θητευέμεν","lemma":"θητεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοις","gloss":"to work for hire"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀνελοίμην","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀνελοίμην","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"I took on"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b18-l358","source":"ἀγροῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῆς—μισθὸς δέ τοι ἄρκιος ἔσται—","translation":"out at the edge of my land — your wages would be assured —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιῆς","gloss":"of my field"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἄρκιος","lemma":"ἄρκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"assured"},{"surface":"ἔσται—","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b18-l359","source":"αἱμασιάς τε λέγων καὶ δένδρεα μακρὰ φυτεύων;","translation":"gathering stones for walls and planting tall trees?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱμασιάς","lemma":"αἱμασιά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of λέγων","gloss":"stone walls"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέγων","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δένδρεα","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φυτεύων","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δένδρεα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"φυτεύων","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"planting"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b18-l360","source":"ἔνθα κʼ ἐγὼ σῖτον μὲν ἐπηετανὸν παρέχοιμι,","translation":"There I would furnish you food the whole year round,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέχοιμι","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπηετανὸν","lemma":"ἐπηετανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σῖτον","gloss":"year-round","note":"ἐπηετανόν, 'lasting through the year,' an epic word stressing steady provision — the bait in Eurymachus' taunt."},{"surface":"παρέχοιμι","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would furnish"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b18-l361","source":"εἵματα δʼ ἀμφιέσαιμι ποσίν θʼ ὑποδήματα δοίην.","translation":"and clothe your body, and give sandals for your feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφιέσαιμι","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέσαιμι","lemma":"ἀμφιάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would clothe you"},{"surface":"ποσίν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δοίην","gloss":"for your feet"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑποδήματα","lemma":"ὑπόδημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δοίην","gloss":"sandals"},{"surface":"δοίην","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would give"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b18-l362","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δὴ ἔργα κάκʼ ἔμμαθες, οὐκ ἐθελήσεις","translation":"But since you have learned only bad habits, you will not be willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔμμαθες","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμμαθες","gloss":"deeds, habits"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"ἔμμαθες","lemma":"μανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you have learned"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελήσεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be willing"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b18-l363","source":"ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πτώσσειν κατὰ δῆμον","translation":"to take up real work; you would rather go cringing through the land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐποίχεσθαι","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἐποίχεσθαι","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθελήσεις","gloss":"to take up"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"πτώσσειν","lemma":"πτώσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βούλεαι","gloss":"to skulk, cringe","note":"πτώσσειν implies cowering/begging, contrasted sharply with honest ἔργον — the taunt's core insult."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the land"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b18-l364","source":"βούλεαι, ὄφρʼ ἄν ἔχῃς βόσκειν σὴν γαστέρʼ ἄναλτον.","translation":"begging, so you can keep feeding that insatiable belly of yours.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βούλεαι","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)"},{"surface":"ἔχῃς","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"you may have (means)"},{"surface":"βόσκειν","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔχῃς","gloss":"to feed"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γαστέρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βόσκειν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"ἄναλτον","lemma":"ἄναλτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"insatiable","note":"ἄναλτον, 'never-satisfied,' a vivid coinage-like epithet mocking beggars' hunger."}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b18-l365","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus' signature epithet, 'of many wiles' — marks his cunning reply is coming."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b18-l366","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ, εἰ γὰρ νῶϊν ἔρις ἔργοιο γένοιτο","translation":"\"Eurymachus, if only there could be a contest of work between us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus","note":"Vocative with elided ending (Εὐρύμαχ᾽ for -ε) before a vowel, common in fast speech."},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only","note":"εἰ γάρ + optative = a wish, 'would that'; not a real condition here."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(marks wish)"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"between us"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"a contest"},{"surface":"ἔργοιο","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἔρις","gloss":"of work"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could arise","note":"aorist optative of γίγνομαι expressing a wish for the future, 'may there arise.'"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b18-l367","source":"ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τʼ ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται,","translation":"in the spring season, when the days grow long,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"season"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἰαρινῇ","lemma":"ἐαρινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὥρῃ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"the days"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"grow, become","note":"πέλομαι, an epic-only verb meaning 'to be/become,' common filler for εἰμί in the hexameter."}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b18-l368","source":"ἐν ποίῃ, δρέπανον μὲν ἐγὼν εὐκαμπὲς ἔχοιμι,","translation":"in the meadow — I with a well-curved scythe in my hands,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποίῃ","lemma":"πόα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the meadow grass"},{"surface":"δρέπανον","lemma":"δρέπανον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοιμι","gloss":"a scythe"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχοιμι","gloss":"I","note":"ἐγών, epic form of ἐγώ with movable -ν before a vowel/pause, common in Homer."},{"surface":"εὐκαμπὲς","lemma":"εὐκαμπής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δρέπανον","gloss":"well-curved"},{"surface":"ἔχοιμι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might hold"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b18-l369","source":"καὶ δὲ σὺ τοῖον ἔχοις, ἵνα πειρησαίμεθα ἔργου","translation":"and you with one as good, so that we might test ourselves at the work,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχοις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχοις","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"ἔχοις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might hold"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πειρησαίμεθα","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might test ourselves","note":"middle voice πειρησαίμεθα: 'test ourselves/each other,' reflexive-reciprocal sense fitting the contest."},{"surface":"ἔργου","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρησαίμεθα","gloss":"at the work"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b18-l370","source":"νήστιες ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος, ποίη δὲ παρείη.","translation":"fasting until full dark, and the grass there to mow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήστιες","lemma":"νῆστις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fasting","note":"νήστιες, 'without food'—working straight through without eating, epic touch on endurance."},{"surface":"ἄχρι","lemma":"ἄχρι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite, full"},{"surface":"κνέφαος","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄχρι","gloss":"of dusk"},{"surface":"ποίη","lemma":"πόα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρείη","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρείη","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be there, available"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b18-l371","source":"εἰ δʼ αὖ καὶ βόες εἶεν ἐλαυνέμεν, οἵ περ ἄριστοι,","translation":"Or again, if there were oxen to drive, the very best,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"βόες","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were","note":"εἶεν is the ordinary 3rd plural optative of εἰμί (found in both epic and Attic); εἴησαν is the rarer alternate form, not the other way around."},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to εἶεν","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the very best"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b18-l372","source":"αἴθωνες, μεγάλοι, ἄμφω κεκορηότε ποίης,","translation":"tawny and large, both well filled with grass,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθωνες","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tawny","note":"αἴθων, a stock epic color-epithet for cattle/oxen, 'fiery-brown, tawny.'"},{"surface":"μεγάλοι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both","note":"ἄμφω, dual number 'both (of two)' — matches the dual κεκορηότε that follows."},{"surface":"κεκορηότε","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"well filled"},{"surface":"ποίης","lemma":"πόα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκορηότε","gloss":"with grass"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b18-l373","source":"ἥλικες, ἰσοφόροι, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν,","translation":"of equal age, of equal pull, their strength not to be worn out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥλικες","lemma":"ἧλιξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of equal age"},{"surface":"ἰσοφόροι","lemma":"ἰσοφόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of equal pull"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλαπαδνόν","lemma":"ἀλαπαδνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worn out, weak"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b18-l374","source":"τετράγυον δʼ εἴη, εἴκοι δʼ ὑπὸ βῶλος ἀρότρῳ·","translation":"and a field of four acres, the clod yielding to the plow —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τετράγυον","lemma":"τετράγυος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of four acres"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"εἴκοι","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would yield"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"βῶλος","lemma":"βῶλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴκοι","gloss":"the clod, soil"},{"surface":"ἀρότρῳ","lemma":"ἄροτρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"to the plow"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b18-l375","source":"τῷ κέ μʼ ἴδοις, εἰ ὦλκα διηνεκέα προταμοίμην.","translation":"then you would see whether I could cut a furrow straight and unbroken.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδοις","gloss":"then","note":"τῷ used adverbially, 'thereupon, in that case,' resuming the long conditional wish."},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἴδοις","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would see"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ὦλκα","lemma":"ὤλξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προταμοίμην","gloss":"a furrow"},{"surface":"διηνεκέα","lemma":"διηνεκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὦλκα","gloss":"unbroken, straight"},{"surface":"προταμοίμην","lemma":"προτέμνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἰ","gloss":"I could cut","note":"προταμοίμην, middle aorist optative of προτέμνω, 'cut a furrow ahead of myself' — vivid boast of plowing skill."}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b18-l376","source":"εἰ δʼ αὖ καὶ πόλεμόν ποθεν ὁρμήσειε Κρονίων","translation":"Or again, if the son of Cronus should stir up war somewhere","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l376.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Κρονίων","title":"Patronymic for Zeus","body":"Κρονίων ('son of Cronus') stands for Zeus, in the nominative as subject of the verb. Homer often names Zeus by this patronymic alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρμήσειε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήσειε","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ὁρμήσειε","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"should stir up"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁρμήσειε","gloss":"son of Cronus","note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet for Zeus, 'son of Cronus,' standard epic naming."}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b18-l377","source":"σήμερον, αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ σάκος εἴη καὶ δύο δοῦρε","translation":"this very day, and I had a shield and two spears","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήσειε","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"a shield"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spears","note":"δοῦρε, dual form of δόρυ 'spear' — the dual matches the numeral δύο, 'two spears' as a set."}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b18-l378","source":"καὶ κυνέη πάγχαλκος, ἐπὶ κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖα,","translation":"and a helmet all of bronze, fitted to my temples —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυνέη","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"a helmet"},{"surface":"πάγχαλκος","lemma":"παγχάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"all-bronze"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κροτάφοις","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"my temples"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖα","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fitted","note":"ἀραρυῖα, perfect participle of ἀραρίσκω, 'fitted/joined' — perfect tense stresses the snug, lasting fit."}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b18-l379","source":"τῷ κέ μʼ ἴδοις πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα,","translation":"then you would see me mixing in among the foremost fighters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδοις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἴδοις","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would see"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies προμάχοισι","gloss":"among the foremost"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προμάχοισι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"front fighters"},{"surface":"μιγέντα","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mingled, joined","note":"μιγέντα, aorist passive participle of μίγνυμι — 'mixed in' among fighters, vivid battle imagery."}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b18-l380","source":"οὐδʼ ἄν μοι τὴν γαστέρʼ ὀνειδίζων ἀγορεύοις.","translation":"and you would not be taunting me about my belly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀνειδίζων","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γαστέρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀνειδίζων","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"ὀνειδίζων","lemma":"ὀνειδίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύοις","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύοις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be saying"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b18-l381","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ὑβρίξεις, καί τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής·","translation":"But you are utterly insolent, and your mind is harsh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑβρίξεις","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ὑβρίξεις","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are insolent"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀπηνής","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b18-l382","source":"καί πού τις δοκέεις μέγας ἔμμεναι ἠδὲ κραταιός,","translation":"and you fancy yourself, no doubt, a great man and a strong one,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"someone, yourself"},{"surface":"δοκέεις","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you fancy"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμμεναι, epic infinitive of εἰμί (for εἶναι), lengthened form typical of Homeric meter."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κραταιός","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b18-l383","source":"οὕνεκα πὰρ παύροισι καὶ οὐκ ἀγαθοῖσιν ὁμιλεῖς.","translation":"because you mix with a few men, and those not good ones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"παύροισι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a few men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῖσιν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"good ones"},{"surface":"ὁμιλεῖς","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"you keep company"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b18-l384","source":"εἰ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἔλθοι καὶ ἵκοιτʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"But if Odysseus should come and reach his native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l384.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔλθοι ... ἵκοιτ(ο)","title":"Optative of wish/possibility","body":"Both verbs are optatives in a future-less-vivid condition: 'if Odysseus should come and reach.' Odysseus speaks of himself in the third person."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"should come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"should reach"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b18-l385","source":"αἶψά κέ τοι τὰ θύρετρα, καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλʼ ἐόντα,","translation":"then quickly these doors, wide though they are,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στείνοιτο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of στείνοιτο","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies θύρετρα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"θύρετρα","lemma":"θύρετρα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of στείνοιτο","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies θύρετρα","gloss":"being","note":"εὐρέα περ...ἐόντα, 'wide though being' — concessive participle with περ, standard epic idiom."}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b18-l386","source":"φεύγοντι στείνοιτο διὲκ προθύροιο θύραζε.","translation":"would prove too narrow for you, fleeing out through the porch.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"στείνοιτο","lemma":"στείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would prove too narrow","note":"στείνοιτο, 'would be cramped/too narrow'—vivid image of the doorway squeezing him in his desperate flight."},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out through"},{"surface":"προθύροιο","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"the porch"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φεύγοντι","gloss":"out the door"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b18-l387","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Εὐρύμαχος δʼ ἐχολώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,","translation":"So he spoke, and Eurymachus grew angrier at heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχολώσατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"κηρόθι","lemma":"κηρόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"at heart","note":"κηρόθι, epic locative-type adverb 'from/at the heart,' a formulaic anger phrase."},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"more, angrier"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b18-l388","source":"καί μιν ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and with a dark look he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l388.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"'Winged words'","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα is one of Homer's most frequent speech-formulas, the words flying like birds from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"with a dark look","note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, a Homeric formula—'looking from under (his brows)'—stock phrase before an angry speech."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' the classic Homeric formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b18-l389","source":"ἆ δείλʼ, ἦ τάχα τοι τελέω κακόν, οἷʼ\n                     ἀγορεύεις","translation":"\"Wretch, soon I will do you harm, for the things you say","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δείλ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretch","note":"δειλέ, vocative of contempt with elision before ἦ; Eurymachus insults Odysseus in disguise."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέω","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of τελέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τελέω","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will bring about","note":"future active 'I will accomplish/bring to pass'—a threat, 'I'll make trouble happen to you.'"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέω","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"such things as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b18-l390","source":"θαρσαλέως πολλοῖσι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ","translation":"so boldly among many men, and in your heart you feel","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσαλέως","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"boldly"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μετ᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖς","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖς","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b18-l391","source":"ταρβεῖς· ἦ ῥά σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας, ἤ νύ τοι αἰεὶ","translation":"no fear. Surely wine has hold of your wits, or else","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρβεῖς","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"you feel fear"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has hold of"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"your wits"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b18-l392","source":"τοιοῦτος νόος ἐστίν· ὃ καὶ μεταμώνια βάζεις.","translation":"your mind is always like this — that is why you babble such nonsense.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦτος","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"a mind"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that is why","note":"relative ὅ used almost causally, 'and that is why/wherefore'—a common epic pivot into result."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μεταμώνια","lemma":"μεταμώνιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βάζεις","gloss":"nonsense, empty words"},{"surface":"βάζεις","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὃ","gloss":"you babble"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b18-l393","source":"ἦ ἀλύεις, ὅτι Ἶρον ἐνίκησας τὸν ἀλήτην;","translation":"Are you beside yourself because you beat the tramp Iros?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀλύεις","lemma":"ἀλύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you beside yourself","note":"ἀλύεις, 'you rave/are distracted'—mocking rhetorical question capping the insult."},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Ἶρον","lemma":"Ἶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Iros"},{"surface":"ἐνίκησας","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"you beat"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἀλήτην","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tramp, beggar"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b18-l394","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας σφέλας ἔλλαβεν· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"So speaking, he seized a footstool; but Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (narrative particle)"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλλαβεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"σφέλας","lemma":"σφέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβεν","gloss":"footstool","note":"σφέλας: the stool Eurymachus grabs and hurls at Odysseus after his taunts; it misses him (he ducks at Amphinomus's knees) and strikes the wine-pourer instead — not Ctesippus, who throws an ox-hoof later in Book 20."},{"surface":"ἔλλαβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized","note":"ἔλλαβεν is the epic form of ἔλαβε, aorist of λαμβάνω; the geminate λλ comes from an old consonant assimilation in the epic dialect, not from reduplication."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καθέζετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b18-l395","source":"Ἀμφινόμου πρὸς γοῦνα καθέζετο Δουλιχιῆος,","translation":"crouched down at the knees of Amphinomus of Dulichium,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀμφινόμου","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γοῦνα","gloss":"of Amphinomus"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at, toward"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"knees","note":"γοῦνα: supplicating at someone's knees is a formulaic gesture of appeal in Homer."},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crouched, sat down"},{"surface":"Δουλιχιῆος","lemma":"Δουλιχίης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀμφινόμου","gloss":"of Dulichium"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b18-l396","source":"Εὐρύμαχον δείσας· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ οἰνοχόον βάλε χεῖρα","translation":"in fear of Eurymachus. He struck the wine-pourer on the hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχον","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείσας","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"δείσας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"fearing","note":"δείσας: Odysseus dodges the stool by sitting, out of fear of angering Eurymachus, not the stool itself."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἰνοχόον","lemma":"οἰνοχόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"wine-pourer"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b18-l397","source":"δεξιτερήν· πρόχοος δὲ χαμαὶ βόμβησε πεσοῦσα,","translation":"his right one; the wine-jug clattered to the ground as it fell,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερήν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"right (hand)"},{"surface":"πρόχοος","lemma":"πρόχοος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βόμβησε","gloss":"jug","note":"πρόχοος: the wine-jug he was holding, knocked from his hand by the blow."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πεσοῦσα","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"βόμβησε","lemma":"βομβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered","note":"βόμβησε: an onomatopoeic verb for a hollow booming/clanging sound as the jug hits the floor."},{"surface":"πεσοῦσα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βόμβησε","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b18-l398","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ οἰμώξας πέσεν ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι.","translation":"and the man himself fell backward in the dust with a cry.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"οἰμώξας","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσεν","gloss":"crying out"},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward, on his back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b18-l399","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ὁμάδησαν ἀνὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα,","translation":"The suitors broke into uproar through the shadowy halls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμάδησαν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμάδησαν","lemma":"ὁμαδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke into uproar","note":"ὁμάδησαν: describes a crowd's confused shouting/din, capturing the suitors' chaotic reaction."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μέγαρα","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέγαρα","gloss":"shadowy","note":"σκιόεντα: a stock Homeric epithet for the great hall, dim even by day."}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b18-l400","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·","translation":"and one would look at his neighbor and say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"εἴπεσκεν: iterative aorist form (-σκ-) marking repeated, habitual action — 'kept saying'."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at, toward"},{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"neighboring"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"another (man)"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b18-l401","source":"αἴθʼ ὤφελλʼ ὁ ξεῖνος ἀλώμενος ἄλλοθʼ ὀλέσθαι","translation":"\"Would that this stranger had perished elsewhere in his wanderings","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that! (oh that)","note":"αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλ᾽: standard Homeric wish-formula 'would that X had...' expressing regret about the past."},{"surface":"ὤφελλ","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ought to have"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤφελλ᾽","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ὤφελλ᾽","gloss":"perished","note":"ὀλέσθαι as subject infinitive with ὤφελλ᾽: 'perishing ought to have (befallen him)', idiomatic unfulfilled wish."}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b18-l402","source":"πρὶν ἐλθεῖν· τῷ οὔ τι τόσον κέλαδον μετέθηκε.","translation":"before he came here — then he would not have raised such a din.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέθηκε","gloss":"then, in that case"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κέλαδον","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"κέλαδον","lemma":"κέλαδος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετέθηκε","gloss":"din, uproar"},{"surface":"μετέθηκε","lemma":"μετατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised, caused","note":"μετέθηκε: literally 'set among/changed', here 'stirred up' such a commotion."}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b18-l403","source":"νῦν δὲ περὶ πτωχῶν ἐριδαίνομεν, οὐδέ τι δαιτὸς","translation":"Now we are quarreling over beggars, and there will be no pleasure","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνομεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about, over"},{"surface":"πτωχῶν","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"beggars"},{"surface":"ἐριδαίνομεν","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we quarrel","note":"ἐριδαίνομεν: first-person plural, the speaker includes himself among the bickering suitors."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"any, at all"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b18-l404","source":"ἐσθλῆς ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ.","translation":"in the good feast, since the worse things win out.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλῆς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"ἦδος","lemma":"ἦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"pleasure, enjoyment"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies χερείονα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χερείονα","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of νικᾷ","gloss":"worse things","note":"χερείονα: comparative 'worse things' winning out — a cynical proverb-like remark from the unnamed suitor."},{"surface":"νικᾷ","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"win out"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b18-l405","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","translation":"Then the sacred might of Telemachus spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l405.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","title":"'The sacred might of Telemachus'","body":"A periphrasis: 'the holy strength of Telemachus' simply means Telemachus himself. Τηλεμάχοιο is the Homeric genitive in -οιο."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειφ","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"might, strength","note":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο: a periphrasis, 'the sacred strength of Telemachus' = Telemachus himself, a Homeric formula of respect."},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Telemachus"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b18-l406","source":"δαιμόνιοι, μαίνεσθε καὶ οὐκέτι κεύθετε θυμῷ","translation":"\"Madmen, you rave, and you no longer hide in your hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμόνιοι","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"madmen, fools"},{"surface":"μαίνεσθε","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you rave"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεύθετε","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"κεύθετε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you hide"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεύθετε","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b18-l407","source":"βρωτὺν οὐδὲ ποτῆτα· θεῶν νύ τις ὔμμʼ ὀροθύνει.","translation":"the food and drink you have had — some god is stirring you up.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βρωτὺν","lemma":"βρῶσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ποτῆτα","lemma":"ποτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀροθύνει","gloss":"now (emphatic)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀροθύνει","gloss":"some (god)"},{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"object of ὀροθύνει","gloss":"you (pl.)","note":"ὔμμ᾽: epic/Aeolic accusative plural of σύ, 'you all'."},{"surface":"ὀροθύνει","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirs up"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b18-l408","source":"ἀλλʼ εὖ δαισάμενοι κατακείετε οἴκαδʼ ἰόντες,","translation":"But now that you have feasted well, go home and lie down to rest,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαισάμενοι","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δαισάμενοι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατακείετε","gloss":"having feasted"},{"surface":"κατακείετε","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go to bed","note":"κατακείετε: future indicative used with imperative force, a polite command 'you shall go lie down'."},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντες","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατακείετε","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b18-l409","source":"ὁππότε θυμὸς ἄνωγε· διώκω δʼ οὔ τινʼ ἐγώ γε.","translation":"whenever your heart bids you — though I drive no one out.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγε","gloss":"heart, spirit"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"bids","note":"ἄνωγε: perfect with present meaning, a common Homeric verb 'commands/urges'."},{"surface":"διώκω","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I drive out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διώκω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διώκω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least (emphatic)"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b18-l410","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι\n                  φύντες","translation":"So he spoke, and they all bit their lips","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l410.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες","title":"Biting the lips","body":"Literally 'sinking their teeth into their lips' — a vivid gesture of suppressed anger and astonishment at Telemachus's boldness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφαθ᾽: imperfect of φημί, the standard formula closing a speech before narrative resumes."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θαύμαζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύντες","gloss":"with teeth","note":"ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες: vivid Homeric idiom 'growing/fixed with teeth in lips' = biting one's lip in stunned silence."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείλεσι","lemma":"χεῖλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"φύντες","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζον","gloss":"having fixed, growing"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b18-l411","source":"Τηλέμαχον θαύμαζον, ὃ θαρσαλέως ἀγόρευε.","translation":"and marveled at Telemachus, that he spoke so boldly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαύμαζον","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θαύμαζον","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that, because"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέως","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"boldly"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὃ","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b18-l412","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀμφίνομος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε","translation":"Then Amphinomus addressed them and spoke among them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, then"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b18-l413","source":"Νίσου φαίδιμος υἱός, Ἀρητιάδαο ἄνακτος·","translation":"the splendid son of Nisus, son of lord Aretias:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νίσου","lemma":"Νῖσος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Nisus"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀρητιάδαο","lemma":"Ἀρητιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of lord Aretias"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρητιάδαο","gloss":"lord","note":"Νίσου...υἱός, Ἀρητιάδαο ἄνακτος: full genealogical epithet-formula naming Amphinomus, standard Homeric introduction of a speaker."}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b18-l414","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὐκ ἂν δή τις ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ","translation":"\"Friends, when a fair thing has been said, no one should","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh (address)"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (potential)"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλεπαίνοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at, against"},{"surface":"ῥηθέντι","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular neuter","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"having been spoken","note":"ῥηθέντι: aorist passive participle of an old verb for 'speak' (root ϝερ-/ἐρέω), 'a thing rightly said'."},{"surface":"δικαίῳ","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"just, fair"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b18-l415","source":"ἀντιβίοις ἐπέεσσι καθαπτόμενος χαλεπαίνοι·","translation":"be angry and attack it with hostile words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιβίοις","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥηθέντι","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καθαπτόμενος","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλεπαίνοι","gloss":"attacking, assailing"},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνοι","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"should be angry","note":"χαλεπαίνοι: optative of potentiality with οὐκ ἂν, 'no one should be angry' — a polite prohibition."}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b18-l416","source":"μήτε τι τὸν ξεῖνον στυφελίζετε μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"Do not abuse the stranger, nor anyone else","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to στυφελίζετε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"στυφελίζετε","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"abuse"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b18-l417","source":"δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.","translation":"among the servants in the house of godlike Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμῶος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"of the servants"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in, throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θείοιο: recurring Homeric epithet for Odysseus, genitive singular of θεῖος, 'divine'."}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b18-l418","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ, οἰνοχόος μὲν ἐπαρξάσθω δεπάεσσιν,","translation":"Come now, let the wine-pourer begin with the cups,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"οἰνοχόος","lemma":"οἰνοχόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαρξάσθω","gloss":"wine-pourer"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"ἐπαρξάσθω","lemma":"ἐπάρχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour first","note":"ἐπαρξάσθω: ritual term for the servant pouring the first offering-round of wine before a libation."},{"surface":"δεπάεσσιν","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπαρξάσθω","gloss":"with cups"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b18-l419","source":"ὄφρα σπείσαντες κατακείομεν οἴκαδʼ ἰόντες·","translation":"so that we may pour libations and go home to lie down.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σπείσαντες","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατακείομεν","gloss":"having poured libations"},{"surface":"κατακείομεν","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may go to bed"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντες","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατακείομεν","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b18-l420","source":"τὸν ξεῖνον δὲ ἐῶμεν ἐνὶ μεγάροις Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"As for the stranger, let us leave him in the halls of Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μελέμεν","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἐῶμεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us leave"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροις","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b18-l421","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ μελέμεν· τοῦ γὰρ φίλον ἵκετο δῶμα.","translation":"for Telemachus to look after, since it is to his house that he has come.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μελέμεν","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"μελέμεν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐῶμεν","gloss":"to be a care","note":"μελέμεν: epic infinitive of μέλω ('be a care to'), governing dative Τηλεμάχῳ — 'let it be Telemachus's concern'."},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"own, dear"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b18-l422","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ἑαδότα μῦθον ἔειπε.","translation":"So he spoke, and to them all he said a word that pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"formulaic ὣς φάτο 'so he spoke' closes a character's quoted speech before the narrative resumes"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑαδότα","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑαδότα","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"pleasing","note":"perfect participle of ἁνδάνω 'please' shows a lasting state: the word 'had become pleasing'"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b18-l423","source":"τοῖσιν δὲ κρητῆρα κεράσσατο Μούλιος ἥρως,","translation":"For them the hero Mulius mixed a bowl of wine,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κεράσσατο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεράσσατο","gloss":"a bowl"},{"surface":"κεράσσατο","lemma":"κεράννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"Μούλιος","lemma":"Μούλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Mulius"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Μούλιος","gloss":"hero","note":"epic honorific tag ἥρως attached even to a minor herald-figure like Mulius"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b18-l424","source":"κῆρυξ Δουλιχιεύς· θεράπων δʼ ἦν Ἀμφινόμοιο·","translation":"the herald from Dulichium; he was the attendant of Amphinomus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"Δουλιχιεύς","lemma":"Δουλίχιον","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρυξ","gloss":"of Dulichium","note":"ethnic adjective from the island Δουλίχιον, identifying Mulius's origin"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἀμφινόμοιο","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of Amphinomus"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b18-l425","source":"νώμησεν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπισταδόν· οἱ δὲ θεοῖσι","translation":"He served it to them all, going to each in turn; and they, to the gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώμησεν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νώμησεν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἐπισταδόν","lemma":"ἐπισταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νώμησεν","gloss":"in turn","note":"rare adverb ἐπισταδόν 'going round in order' vividly pictures the cupbearer's circuit"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πίον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σπείσαντες","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b18-l426","source":"σπείσαντες μακάρεσσι πίον μελιηδέα οἶνον.","translation":"having poured libations to the blessed ones, drank the honey-sweet wine.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l426.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σπείσαντες","title":"Aorist participle of sequence","body":"σπείσαντες ('having poured a libation') is an aorist participle marking action prior to the main verb 'drank' — first they poured, then they drank."}],"words":[{"surface":"σπείσαντες","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πίον","gloss":"having poured libations","note":"aorist participle marks the libation as completed just before the drinking (πίον)"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"to the blessed"},{"surface":"πίον","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet","note":"stock Homeric epithet μελιηδής 'honey-sweet' regularly modifies οἶνος 'wine'"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίον","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b18-l427","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σπεῖσάν τʼ ἔπιόν θʼ ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός,","translation":"Then, when they had poured libations and drunk as much as their hearts desired,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σπεῖσάν","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"poured libations"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπιόν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as much as","note":"ὅσον...θυμός: 'as much as the heart wanted' — idiom for drinking one's fill"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b18-l428","source":"βάν ῥʼ ἴμεναι κείοντες ἑὰ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἕκαστος.","translation":"they went off, each to his own house, to lie down to sleep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b18-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βάν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"κείοντες","lemma":"κείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βάν","gloss":"intending to lie down","note":"Desiderative formation from κεῖμαι: 'wishing/about to lie down.'"},{"surface":"ἑὰ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]}]}